Um Componente Alternativo No Meio De Cultivo in Vitro De Folículos Pré- Antrais Ovinos

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Um Componente Alternativo No Meio De Cultivo in Vitro De Folículos Pré- Antrais Ovinos UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO CEARÁ PRÓ-REITORIA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E PESQUISA FACULDADE DE VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS GILDAS MBEMYA TETAPING EXTRATO AQUOSO DE JUSTICIA INSULARIS: UM COMPONENTE ALTERNATIVO NO MEIO DE CULTIVO IN VITRO DE FOLÍCULOS PRÉ- ANTRAIS OVINOS FORTALEZA – CEARÁ 2019 GILDAS MBEMYA TETAPING EXTRATO AQUOSO DE JUSTICIA INSULARIS: UM COMPONENTE ALTERNATIVO NO MEIO DE CULTIVO IN VITRO DE FOLÍCULOS PRÉ-ANTRAIS OVINOS Tese apresentada ao Curso de Doutorado em Ciências Veterinárias do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Veterinárias. Área de Concentração: Reprodução e Sanidade Animal. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues FORTALEZA – CEARÁ 2019 GILDAS MBEMYA TETAPING EXTRATO AQUOSO DE JUSTICIA INSULARIS: UM COMPONENTE ALTERNATIVO NO MEIO DE CULTIVO IN VITRO DE FOLÍCULOS PRÉ-ANTRAIS OVINOS Tese apresentada ao Curso de Doutorado em Ciências Veterinárias do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Veterinárias. Área de Concentração: Reprodução e Sanidade Animal. Aprovada em: 23/01/2019. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, por ter me dado o bem mais precioso que é a vida, além de força de vontade, iluminação, saúde, paciência e determinação para enfrentar todas as dificuldades da vida. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo incentivo financeiro, através da bolsa de doutorado concedida, no Programa de Estudantes-Convênio de Pós-Graduação (PEC-PG). À Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE) e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), por terem me proporcionado a oportunidade de cursar o doutorado durantes esses 4 anos, com uma ótima infraestrutura e acima de tudo, pelos professores que me fizeram evoluir, intelectualmente. Ao Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Ovarianos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA) da UECE por todo suporte para a realização dessa tese. À minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues, pela excelente orientação, confiança e oportunidades oferecidas. Muito obrigado por todos os conhecimentos compartilhados, pelo exemplo de profissionalismo e dedicação à ciência. Ao Professor Dr. José Ricardo de Figueiredo pela oportunidade e acolhimento no LAMOFOPA. À Profa. Dra. Otília Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa e sua equipe no Laboratório de Análise Fitoquímica de Plantas Medicinais II da Universidade Federal do Ceará, por toda colaboração. À minha esposa Denise Damasceno Guerreiro, pelo amor, apoio e incentivo, para que eu pudesse ter um caminho mais fácil e prazeroso durante esses anos. E ao fruto do nosso amor (Johan Guerreiro Mbemya) que me faz sempre ir em busca do meu melhor. À minha mãe Lucienne Madjio (Em memória) e ao meu pai Thomas Tetaping, por serem minha fonte de inspiração. Agradeço enormemente, pelos ensinamentos e por terem apoiado todos os meus sonhos. Aos meus queridos irmãos e irmãs, Rodric Tetaping Tatsinkou, Raoul Tetaping Sonhafouo, Ghislain Tetaping Djou, Laure Tetaping Tatiana, Pharel Tetaping, Cris Tetaping cujos exemplos sempre busco seguir e, por acreditarem em meu potencial; sempre me incentivando a lutar pelos meus sonhos. À família da minha esposa, Ana Vládia, Gilberto Guerreiro, Liz Guerreiro e Sra. Maria Damasceno, por todo amparo e apoio imprescindível. Deus foi muito generoso, quando me abençoou com pessoas tão especiais. Ao Prof. Dr. Benner Geraldo Alves, pelas mil e uma análises estatísticas. Obrigado pela paciência. À banca examinadora, por ter aceito prontamente o convite, sobretudo pela colaboração na correção deste trabalho. À toda equipe do LAMOFOPA, por todo auxílio e por terem feito dos meus dias mais felizes. Agradeço enormemente aos pós-doutores: Ana Beatriz Graça Duarte; Daniele Calado; Francisco Léo Aguiar; Giovanna Quintino Rodrigues; Heline Hellen Moreira; Laritza Lima; Luis Alberto Vieira; Sylvain Nguedia Njina e, especialmente à Geovania Canafístula de Sousa, por toda receptividade, suporte e ajuda durante todos os experimentos. À Dra. Rebeca Rocha pela amizade e colaboração nessa tese. À Dra. Nathalie Donfack Njiatsa pela amizade de muitos anos e pela disponibilidade de me ajudar sempre. Aos doutorandos e companheiros de jornada: Anna Clara Ferreira; Juliana Zani; Naiza Arcângela Ribeiro de Sá; Hudson Vieira Correia; Renato Félix da Silva; Victor Macêdo Paes; Thalles Gothardo e Yago Pinto. Aos mestrandos e amigos: Ana Flávia Bezerra da Silva; Ana Normélia Morais; Everton Pimentel Lopes; Gabriel Las Heras de Alcântara e Lucy Vanessa Sulca. Aos alunos de iniciação científica: Amanda Mendes Gomes; Andreza de Sá Nunes; Daniel Amed; José Guilherme; Layla Cely; Mariana Silva Ramyres Diego e Natália Soltys. Aos funcionários, Sr. João Batista e Sra. Alzenira Ferreira, pelo carinho e convivência durante todo o período de realização do doutorado. Por fim, agradeço a todos aqueles que direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram para a realização desse trabalho, bem como para o meu aperfeiçoamento profissional. RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de Justicia insularis (JI) como fitormônio e como antioxidante sobre o cultivo in vitro de folículos pré-antrais (primordiais, primários e secundários) ovinos (in situ e/ou isolados). Para isso, o estudo foi dividido em três fases, a saber: Fase I – Cultivo dos folículos presentes em fragmentos ovarianos (FO) ou cultivo in situ; Fase II - Cultivo de folículos secundários (FS) isolados e Fase III – Cultivo de folículos pré-antrais em dois passos, isto é, in situ (passo 1) e isolados (passo 2). Na Fase I, em um primeiro experimento, FO foram cultivados por 7 dias na presença de FSH (50 ng/mL) ou de JI em diferentes concentrações (0,3; 1,25 ou 5 mg/mL). No segundo experimento, os FO foram cultivados na presença de FSH (50 ng/mL) + anetol (300 µg/mL) ou de JI (0,3 mg/mL) + anetol (300 µg/mL). Em ambos os experimentos, FO frescos foram utilizados como controle e foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: sobrevivência, ativação e crescimento folicular; níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs - experimento 1) e a densidade de células do estroma (experimento 2). Na Fase II, FS foram cultivados por 18 dias na presença de FSH (100 ng/mL) ou de JI em diferentes concentrações (0,3; 1,25 ou 2.5 mg/mL). Ao final do cultivo foram avaliados, a morfologia, sobrevivência e crescimento folicular; antro e níveis de EROs. Complexos cumulus oócito foram maturados para avaliação da cromatina e as paredes foliculares foram analisadas quanto à expressão de RNAm para glutationa peroxidase, Kit ligand, cyclina B1 e a hialuronano sintase 2. Na Fase III, FO foram cultivados por 7 dias (passo 1), em seguida, FS foram isolados desses FO e cultivados por 6 dias (passo 2). Em ambos os passos, o meio de cultivo foi suplementado com JI (0,3 mg/mL). Além dos parâmetros já mencionados, foi avaliada também a capacidade antioxidante total (passo 1) e a distribuição e atividade mitocondrial (passo 2). Na Fase I, a JI 0,3 mg/mL manteve a porcentagem de folículos morfologicamente normais semelhante ao controle. O uso de JI e anetol aumentou os níveis de EROs. Na Fase II, a taxa de antro com a JI 0,3 mg/mL foi maior (P < 0,05) do que nos demais tratamentos. Além disso, a taxa de oócitos viáveis nesse tratamento foi superior (P < 0,05) à observada com FSH. Os níveis de EROs e a expressão gênica não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos, em relação ao controle. Na Fase III, a JI 0,3 mg/mL aumentou o potential antioxidante, promoveu a ativação e crescimento folicular nos FO, bem como promoveu o desenvolvimento dos FS isolados. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que, o extrato aquoso de JI pode ser utilizado como um suplemento alternativo ao FSH, no meio de cultivo in vitro de folículos pré-antrais ovinos, seja em um sistema simples ou em um sistema de dois passos. Palavras-chave: Justicia Insularis. Antioxidante. FSH. Cultivo in vitro de dois passos. Folículos pré-antrais. ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of J. insularis (JI) as phytohormone and as an antioxidant on the in vitro culture of preantral (primordial, primary and secondary) ovine follicles (in situ and/or isolated). For this, the study was divided into three phases, namely: Phase I - Culture of follicles present in ovarian fragments (OF) or in situ culture; Phase II - Culture of isolated secondary follicles (SF) and Phase III - Culture of preantral follicles in two steps, that is, in situ (step 1) and isolated (step 2). In Phase I, in a first experiment, OF were cultured for 7 days in the presence of FSH (50 ng/mL) or JI at different concentrations (0.3, 1.25 or 5 mg/mL). In the second experiment, OF were cultured in the presence of FSH (50 ng / mL) + anethole (300 μg/mL) or JI (0.3 mg/mL) + anethole (300 μg/mL). In both experiments, fresh OF were used as the control and following parameters were evaluated: survival, activation and follicular growth; levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS - experiment 1) and stromal cell density (experiment 2). In Phase II, SF were cultured for 18 days in the presence of FSH (100 ng/mL) or JI at different concentrations (0.3, 1.25 or 2.5 mg/mL). At the end of the culture, morphology, survival and follicular growth, antrum formation and ROS levels were evaluated. Oocyte cumulus complexes were matured for chromatin evaluation, and follicular walls were analyzed for mRNA expression for glutathione peroxidase, kit ligand, cyclin B1 and hyaluronan synthase 2). In Phase III, OF were cultured for 7 days (step 1), then SF were isolated from these OF and cultured for 6 days (step 2).
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