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ISSN 0006 8241 = Bothalia Bothalia A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Vol. 39,1 May 2009 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE PRETORIA Obtainable from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa. A catalogue of all available publications will be issued on request. BOTHALIA Bothalia is named in honour of General Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This house journal of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, is devoted to the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published annually. Three booklets of the contents (a) to Vols 1–20, (b) to Vols 21–25, (c) to Vols 26–30, and (d) to Vols 31–37 (2001– 2007) are available. STRELITZIA A series of occasional publications on southern African flora and vegetation, replacing Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens. MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA The memoirs are individual treatises usually of an ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomy or economic botany. Published: Nos 1–63 (many out of print). Discontinued after No. 63. ANNALS OF KIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora.Published: Vols 14–19 (earlier volumes published as supplementary volumes to the Journal of South African Botany). Discontinued after Vol. 19. FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA (FPA) This serial presents colour plates of African plants with accompanying text. The plates are prepared mainly by the artists at the South African National Biodiverity Institute. Many botanical artists have contributed to the series, such as Fay Anderson, Peter Bally, Auriol Batten, Gillian Condy, Betty Connell, Stella Gower, Rosemary Holcroft, Kathleen Lansdell, Cythna Letty (over 700 plates), Claire Linder-Smith and Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst. The Editor is pleased to receive living plants of general interest or of economic value for illustration. From Vol. 55, twenty plates are published at irregular intervals. An index to Vols 1–49 is available. FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA (FSA) A taxonomic treatise on the flora of the Republic of South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia and Botswana. the FSA contains descriptions of families, genera, species, infraspecific taxa, keys to genera and species, syn- onymy, literature and limited specimen citations, as well as taxonomic and ecological notes. Contributions to the FSA also appear in Bothalia. PALAEOFLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA A palaeoflora on a pattern comparable to that of the Flora of southern Africa. Much of the information is pre- sented in the form of tables and photographic plates depicting fossil populations. Now available: Molteno Formation (Triassic) Vol. 1. Introduction. Dicroidium, 1983, by J.M. & H.M. Anderson. Molteno Formation (Triassic) Vol. 2. Gymnosperms (excluding Dicroidium), 1983, by J.M. & H.M. Anderson. Prodromus of South African Megafloras. Devonian to Lower Cretaceous, 1985, by J.M. & H.M. Anderson. Obtainable from: A.A. Balkema Marketing, Box 317, Claremont 7735, RSA. Towards Gondwana Alive. Promoting biodiversity and stemming the Sixth Extinction, 1999, by J.M. Anderson (ed.). Heyday of the gymnosperms: systematics and biodiversity of the Late Triassic Molteno fructifications, 2003, by J.M. Anderson & H.M. Anderson. Strelitzia 15. Brief history of the gymnosperms: classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology, 2007, by J.M. Anderson, H.M. Anderson & C.J. Cleal. Strelitzia 20. Molteno ferns: Late Triassic biodiversity in southern Africa, 2008, by H.M. Anderson & J.M. Anderson. Strelitzia 21. SANBI BIODIVERISITY SERIES A series of occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initated by or executed in partnership with SANBI. BOTHALIA A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Volume 39,1 Scientific Editor: G. Germishuizen Technical Editor: B.A. Momberg 2 Cussonia Avenue, Brummeria, Pretoria Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001 ISSN 0006 8241 May 2009 Editorial Board D.F. Cutler Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK B.J. Huntley South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA P.H. Raven Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, USA M.J.A. Werger University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Acknowledgements to referees Archer, Mrs C. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Archer, Dr R. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Burrows, J.E. P.O. Box 710, 1120 Lydenburg, RSA. Carter Holmes, Mrs S. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Coates Palgrave, Mrs M. 9 Blue Kerry, 30 Steppes Rd, P.O. Chisipite, Harare, Zimbabwe. Dold, A. Albany Museum, Grahamstown, RSA. Edwards, Dr T.J. 81 Diane Crescent, Croydon, Victoria, 3136 Australia. Geerinck, Dr D. Jardin Botanique National, Meise, Belgium. Hartmann, Dr H.E.K. Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg, Germany. Klak, Ms C. University of Cape Town, RSA. Lavranos, J. Apartado Postal 243, 8100 Loule, Portugal. Meve, Dr U. University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. Smithies, Mrs S.J. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Snijman, Dr D. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA. Van Jaarsveld, E.J. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA. Van Wyk, Prof. A.E. University of Pretoria, RSA. Venter, Prof. H.J.T. University of Free State, Bloemfontein, RSA. Walsh, Dr N.G. Royal Botanic Gardens, Victoria, Australia. Welman, Ms W.G. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Winter, P.J.D. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Xiang, Dr Q.-Y. Gardner Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA. Date of publication of Bothalia 38,2: 14 October 2008. CONTENTS Bothalia 39,1 1. New species of Moraea (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), with range extensions and miscellaneous notes for southern African species. P. GOLDBLATT and J.C. MANNING .................................. 1 2. Three new species of Diascia (Scrophulariaceae) from the Western Cape, South Africa. K.E. STEINER . 11 3. Aloe in Angola (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). R.R. KLOPPER, S. MATOS, E. FIGUEIREDO and G.F. SMITH ........................................................................ 19 4. Three new species of Gladiolus (Iridaceae) from South Africa, a major range extension for G. rubellus and taxonomic notes for the genus in southern and tropical Africa. J.C. MANNING and P. GOLDBLATT 37 5. A revision of Fumariaceae (Fumarioideae) in southern Africa, including naturalized taxa. J.C. MANNING, P. GOLDBLATT and F. FOREST. 47 6. Two new species of Nemesia (Scrophulariaceae) from arid areas of the Northern Cape, South Africa. K.E. STEINER ...................................................................... 67 7. Taxonomy and phylogeny of two subgroups of Pelargonium section Otidia (Geraniaceae). 1. The Pelargonium carnosum complex. M. BECKER and F. ALBERS ........................... 73 8. A review of the genus Curtisia (Curtisiaceae). E. YU. YEMBATUROVA, B-E. VAN WYK and P.M. TILNEY ....................................................................... 87 9. Notes on African plants: Asphodelaceae: Alooideae. Aloe hahnii, a new species in the section Pictae, in the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism, Limpopo Province, South Africa. R.R. KLOPPER and G.F. SMITH ........... 98 Asphodelaceae: Alooideae. Formalizing the synonymy of Bulbine triebneri. R.R. KLOPPER and G.F. SMITH . 100 Campanulaceae. Theilera robusta, the correct name for Theilera capensis. C.N. CUPIDO ....... 97 Ebenaceae. Typification and a new status in Diospyros. M. JORDAAN .......................... 101 Thymelaeaceae. The true identity of Synaptolepis kirkii. M. JORDAAN and C.L. BREDENKAMP .... 104 10. Closing bodies in the capsular fruits of Ruschioideae (Aizoaceae)—a review. H. KURZWEIL and P. BURGOYNE ................................................................... 107 11. Obituary: Robert Baily Drummond (1924–2008). M. COATES PALGRAVE ....................... 117 12. Book review ......................................................................... 121 New combinations, name, species, subspecies and status in Bothalia 39,1 (2009) Aloe hahnii Gideon F.Sm. & R.R.Klopper, sp. nov., 98 Cysticapnos vesicaria (L.) Fedde subsp. namaquensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, subsp. nov., 60 Diascia appendiculata K.E.Steiner, sp. nov., 15 Diascia collina K.E.Steiner, sp. nov., 11 Diascia pusilla K.E.Steiner, sp. nov., 13 Diospyros natalensis (Harv.) Brenan subsp. nummularia (Brenan) Jordaan, stat. nov., 102 Discocapnos mundii Cham. & Schltdl. [as ‘mundtii’] subsp. dregei (Harv.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, stat. nov., 51 Gladiolus dolichosiphon Goldbatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 37 Gladiolus karooicus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 39 Gladiolus reginae Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 41 Gladiolus sulculatus Goldblatt, nom. nov., 45 Moraea longipes Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 5 Moraea pearsonii Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 2 Moraea tanquana Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 4 Nemesia aurantia K.E.Steiner, sp. nov., 70 Nemesia suaveolens K.E.Steiner, sp. nov., 67 Pelargonium carnosum (L.) L’Hér. subsp. ferulaceum (Cav.) M.Becker & F.Albers, comb. nov., 73 Theilera robusta (A.DC.) C.N.Cupido, comb. nov., 97 iv Bothalia 39,1: 1–10 (2009) New species of Moraea (Iridaceae: Iridoideae),
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  • Aloe Scientific Primer International Aloe Science Council

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    The International Aloe Science Council Presents an Aloe Scientific Primer International Aloe Science Council Commonly Traded Aloe Species The plant Aloe spp. has long been utilized in a variety of ways throughout history, which has been well documented elsewhere and need not be recounted in detail here, particularly as the purpose of this document is to discuss current and commonly traded aloe species. Aloe, in its various species, can presently and in the recent past be found in use as a decorative element in homes and gardens, in the creation of pharmaceuticals, in wound care products such as burn ointment, sunburn protectant and similar applications, in cosmetics, and as a food, dietary supplements and other health and nutrition related items. Recently, various species of the plant have even been used to weave into clothing and in mattresses. Those species of Aloe commonly used in commerce today can be divided into three primary categories: those used primarily in the production of crude drugs, those used primarily for decorative purposes, and those used in health, nutritional and related products. For reference purposes, this paper will outline the primary species and their uses, but will focus on the species most widely used in commerce for health, nutritional, cosmetic and supplement products, such as aloe vera. Components of aloe vera currently used in commerce The Aloe plant, and in particular aloe vera, has three distinct raw material components that are processed and found in manufactured goods: leaf juice; inner leaf juice; and aloe latex. A great deal of confusion regarding the terminology of this botanical and its components has been identified, mostly because of a lack of clear definitions, marketing, and other factors.
  • For Use by the Author Only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV Afrika-Studiecentrum Series

    For Use by the Author Only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV Afrika-Studiecentrum Series

    David Livingstone and the Myth of African Poverty and Disease For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV Afrika-Studiecentrum Series Series Editors Lungisile Ntsebeza (University of Cape Town, South Africa) Harry Wels (VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands, African Studies Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands and University of the Western Cape, South Africa) Editorial Board Emmanuel Akyeampong (Harvard University, USA) Akosua Adomako Ampofo (University of Ghana, Legon) Fatima Harrak (University of Mohammed V, Morocco) Francis Nyamnjoh (University of Cape Town, South Africa) Robert Ross (Leiden University, The Netherlands) VOLUME 35 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/asc For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV David Livingstone and the Myth of African Poverty and Disease A Close Examination of His Writing on the Pre-colonial Era By Sjoerd Rijpma LEIDEN | BOSTON For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV © Translation: Mrs R. van Stolk. The original text of this story was written by Sjoerd Rijpma (pronounced: Rypma) in Dutch—according to David Livingstone ‘of all languages the nastiest. It is good only for oxen’ (Livingstone, Family Letters 1841–1856, vol. 1, ed. I. Schapera (London: Chatto and Windus, 1959), 190). This is not the reason it has been translated into English. Cover illustration: A young African herd boy sitting on a large ox. The photograph belongs to a series of Church of Scotland Foreign Missions Committee lantern slides relating to David Livingstone. Photographer unknown. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rijpma, Sjoerd, 1931–2015, author. David Livingstone and the myth of African poverty and disease : a close examination of his writing on the pre-colonial era / by Sjoerd Rijpma.
  • Red Data List Special Edition

    Red Data List Special Edition

    Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 6 No. 3 ISSN 1027-4286 November 2001 Invasive Alien Plants Part 2 Southern Mozambique Expedition Living Plant Collections: Lowveld, Mozambique, Namibia REDSABONET NewsDATA Vol. 6 No. 3 November LIST 2001 SPECIAL EDITION153 c o n t e n t s Red Data List Features Special 157 Profile: Ezekeil Kwembeya ON OUR COVER: 158 Profile: Anthony Mapaura Ferraria schaeferi, a vulnerable 162 Red Data Lists in Southern Namibian near-endemic. 159 Tribute to Paseka Mafa (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Africa: Past, Present, and Future 190 Proceedings of the GTI Cover Stories 169 Plant Red Data Books and Africa Regional Workshop the National Botanical 195 Herbarium Managers’ 162 Red Data List Special Institute Course 192 Invasive Alien Plants in 170 Mozambique RDL 199 11th SSC Workshop Southern Africa 209 Further Notes on South 196 Announcing the Southern 173 Gauteng Red Data Plant Africa’s Brachystegia Mozambique Expedition Policy spiciformis 202 Living Plant Collections: 175 Swaziland Flora Protection 212 African Botanic Gardens Mozambique Bill Congress for 2002 204 Living Plant Collections: 176 Lesotho’s State of 214 Index Herbariorum Update Namibia Environment Report 206 Living Plant Collections: 178 Marine Fishes: Are IUCN Lowveld, South Africa Red List Criteria Adequate? Book Reviews 179 Evaluating Data Deficient Taxa Against IUCN 223 Flowering Plants of the Criterion B Kalahari Dunes 180 Charcoal Production in 224 Water Plants of Namibia Malawi 225 Trees and Shrubs of the 183 Threatened
  • What Is Primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? an Analysis of Evolutionary Polarity of Character States

    What Is Primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? an Analysis of Evolutionary Polarity of Character States

    S.Afr.J. Bot., 1989,55(3): 321-331 321 What is primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? An analysis of evolutionary polarity of character states V. Bittrich* and M. Struck Institut fUr Allgemeine Botanik und Botanischer Garten der Universitat Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-2000 Hamburg 52, West Germany Accepted 16 November 1988 Characters of the family Mesembryanthemaceae are investigated with respect to their state (primitive or derived) within this family. Out-group comparison with the closely related family Aizoaceae s.str. (excl. Mesembryanthemaceae) is used mainly, along with some other criteria. A tabulated survey of the characters discussed is provided. By combination of all characters considered as primitive, a morphotype (,hypothetical ancestor') of the Mesembryanthemaceae can be constructed. It is shown that no extant taxon possesses all features of this morphotype, but that all have acquired a number of derived characters. The possibility of the meronectary being a further synapomorphy of the family is discussed. A new synapomorphy for the subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae, namely the absence of expanding sheets on the valves of the hygrochastic capsule, is provided. The fundamental splitting of the Mesembryanthemaceae in two monophyletic subfamilies (Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae) is further supported by the results. Kenmerke van die familie Mesembryanthemaceae word, met betrekking tot hul toestand (primitief of afgelei) binne die familie, ondersoek. Buitegroep-vergelyking met die naverwante familie Aizoaceae s. str. (wat die Mesembryanthemaceae uitsluit) word hoofsaaklik, saam met ander kriteriums gebruik. 'n Getabuleerde oorsig van die kenmerke onder bespreking, word voorsien. Deur middel van 'n kombinasie van al die kenmerke wat as primitief beskou word, kan 'n morfotipe (hipotetiese voorouer) van die Mesembryanthemaceae gekonstrueer word.