Contributions to the Systematics and Biocultural Value of Aloe L
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Αξιολόγηση Διαφορετικών Υποστρωμάτων Στην in Vitro Ριζοβολία Εκφύτων Αλόης (Aloe Vera L.) Για Επιχειρηματική Παραγωγή Υγιούς Πολλαπλασιαστικού Υλικού
ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΑΣ & ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΤΡΟΦΙΜΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΩΝ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΩΝ Αξιολόγηση διαφορετικών υποστρωμάτων στην in vitro ριζοβολία εκφύτων αλόης (Aloe vera L.) για επιχειρηματική παραγωγή υγιούς πολλαπλασιαστικού υλικού Πτυχιακή Εργασία ΣΠΟΥΔΑΣΤΡΙΑ ΧΡΟΝΑΚΗ ΑΓΑΠΗ ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟ, ΑΠΡΙΛΙΟΣ 2018 ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΕΣ ΤΡΙΜΕΛΟΥΣ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ Ομότ. Kαθ. κ. Γραμματικάκη Γαρυφαλλιά Επίκ. Καθ. κ. Δραγασάκη Μαγδαληνή Επίκ. Καθ. κ. Πασχαλίδης Κωνσταντίνος ΤΟ ΕΡΓΟ ΑΥΤΟ ΥΛΟΠΟΙΗΘΗΚΕ ΣΤΟ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗΣ ΠΟΛΛΑΠΛΑΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΟΥ ΥΛΙΚΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΤΜΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΩΝ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΩΝ,ΤΗΣ ΣΧΟΛΗΣ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΤΕΙ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ 2 Πρόλογος Η παρούσα διατριβή ξεκίνησε και ολοκληρώθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Γεωργίας και Παραγωγής Πολλαπλασιαστικού Υλικού, του Τμήματος Τεχνολόγων Γεωπόνων της Σχολής Τεχνολογίας Γεωπονίας & Τεχνολογίας Τροφίμων, του ΤΕΙ Κρήτης. Με την ολοκλήρωση της συγκεκριμένης ερευνητικής εργασίας, θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω την Καθηγήτρια κ. Γραμματικάκη Γαρυφαλλιά, τόσο για την εμπιστοσύνη που μου έδειξε, αναθέτοντάς μου το θέμα της παρούσας μελέτης, όσο και για την βοήθεια που μου προσέφερε σε όλα τα στάδια της εκτέλεσής της. Επιπλέον, θεωρώ υποχρέωση μου να ευχαριστήσω το προσωπικό του Εργαστηρίου, κ. Κωνσταντίνα Αργυροπούλου για τη συμπαράσταση και τη φιλική της συμπεριφορά. Ευχαριστώ θερμά τον κ. Παπαδημητρίου Μιχάλη, Καθηγητή του ΤΕΙ Κρήτης, για τη χορήγηση του γενετικού υλικού έναρξης που χρησιμοποιήθηκε στην μελέτη, καθώς και τον κύριο Αλεξόπουλο Παναγιώτη, υπάλληλο της εταιρίας Hellenic Aloe, για την ευγενική -
Traditional Information and Antibacterial Activity of Four Bulbine Species (Wolf)
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10 (2), pp. 220-224, 10 January, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.1435 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Traditional information and antibacterial activity of four Bulbine species (Wolf) R. M. Coopoosamy Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P O Box 12363, Jacobs4026, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +27 82 200 3342. Fax: +27 31 907 7665. Accepted 7 December, 2010 Ethnobotanical survey of Bulbine Wolf, (Asphodelaceae) used for various treatment, such as, diarrhea, burns, rashes, blisters and insect bites, was carried out in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Information on the parts used and the methods of preparation was collected through questionnaire which was administered to the herbalists, traditional healers and rural dwellers which indicated the extensive use of Bulbine species. Most uses of Bulbine species closely resemble that of Aloe . Dried leaf bases and leaf sap are the commonest parts of the plants used. Preparations were in the form of decoctions and infusions. Bulbine frutescens was the most frequently and commonly used of the species collected for the treatment of diarrhoea, burns, rashes, blisters, insect bites, cracked lips and mouth ulcers. The leaf, root and rhizome extracts of B. frutescens, Bulbine natalensis, Bulbine latifolia and Bulbine narcissifolia were screened for antibacterial activities to verify their use by traditional healers. Key words: Herbal medicine, diarrhea, medicinal plants, Bulbine species, antibacterial activity. INTRODUCTION Many traditionally used plants are currently being investi- developing countries where traditional medicine plays a gated for various medicinal ailments such as treatment to major role in health care (Farnsworth, 1994; Srivastava et cure stomach aliments, bolding, headaches and many al., 1996). -
Genetic Diversity of Aloe Species in Kenya and the Efficacy of Aloe Secundiflora, Aloe Lateritia and Aloe Turkanesis on Fusarium
(icnetic diversity of Aloe species in Kenya and the efficacy of Aloe secundiflora, Aloe lateritia and Aloe turkanesis on Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium ultimum 1 A research thesis submitted for examination in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the award of Master of Science in Microbiology 156/68748/2011 SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES COLLEGE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI December, 2015 University of N AIROBI Library DECLARATION I his thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in anj other University or any other institution of higher learning. Micheni C. Mugambi Da.e...2j..i .'.l2 ..:,.2 -O lS .......... I his thesis has been submitted with our approval as Supervisors. Dr. Maina Wagacha School of Biological Sciences Universiii_tt£-Nairobi Date .J.V l.& l. Dr. Nelson Amugune School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Sign..!!p^.^ff.. ........ Dr. Simon T. Gichuki Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Sign.....C ^dLJ ..... Date....c£-£)t5 ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my loving mum Elyjoy Muthoni Michcni and dad Isaac Micheni Nkari who have gone out of their way to support my education. I also dedicate this work to my brothers Maurice Murimi and Brian Muchiri Micheni who have been a constant source of encouragement. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am heavily indebted to my supervisors Dr. Maina Wagacha, Dr. Nelson Amugune and Dr.Simon Gichuki for their invaluable support, training, mentorship, and advice throughout this work. Without your support, this work would not have achieved anything significant. I would also like to thank Dr. -
The Ethnobotany of Central Sekhukhuneland, South Africa
The Ethnobotany of Central Sekhukhuneland, South Africa by Mahlatse Maromo Paul Mogale DISSERTATION submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree MAGISTER SCIENTIAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: PROF BEN-ERIK VAN WYK CO-SUPERVISOR: DOMITILLA CLAUDIA RAIMONDO FEBRUARY 2018 MSc Dissertation Mogale M.M.P The Ethnobotany of Central Sekhukhuneland, South Africa 0 | AFFIDAVIT: MASTER AND DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This serves to confirm that I (Full Name(s) and Surname) Mahlatse Maromo Paul Mogale ID Number: 8809056203082 Student number: 201467302 enrolled for the Qualification: Masters in Botany in the Faculty of Science Herewith declare that my academic work is in line with the Plagiarism Policy of the University of Johannesburg with which I am familiar. I further declare that the work presented in the dissertation is authentic and original unless clearly indicated otherwise and in such instances full reference to the source is acknowledged and I do not pretend to receive any credit for such acknowledged quotations, and that there is no copyright infringement in my work. I declare that no unethical research practices were used or material gained through dishonesty. I understand that plagiarism is a serious offence and that should I contravene the Plagiarism Policy notwithstanding signing this affidavit, I may be found guilty of a serious criminal offence (perjury) that would amongst other consequences compel the University of Johannesburg to inform all other tertiary institutions of the offence and to issue a corresponding certificate of reprehensible academic conduct to whomever requests such a certificate from the institution. -
Reproductive Biology of Aloe Peglerae
THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND HABITAT REQUIREMENTS OF ALOE PEGLERAE, A MONTANE ENDEMIC ALOE OF THE MAGALIESBERG MOUNTAIN RANGE, SOUTH AFRICA Gina Arena 0606757V A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Johannesburg, South Africa June 2013 DECLARATION I declare that this Dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at any other University. Gina Arena 21 day of June 2013 Supervisors Prof. C.T. Symes Prof. E.T.F. Witkowski i ABSTRACT In this study I investigated the reproductive biology and pollination ecology of Aloe peglerae, an endangered endemic succulent species of the Magaliesberg Mountain Range in South Africa. The aim was to determine the pollination system of A. peglerae, the effects of flowering plant density on plant reproduction and the suitable microhabitat conditions for this species. Aloe peglerae possesses floral traits that typically conform to the bird-pollination syndrome. Pollinator exclusion experiments showed that reproduction is enhanced by opportunistic avian nectar-feeders, mainly the Cape Rock-Thrush (Monticola rupestris) and the Dark- capped Bulbul (Pycnonotus tricolor). Insect pollinators did not contribute significantly to reproductive output. Small-mammals were observed visiting flowers at night, however, the importance of these visitors as pollinators was not quantified in this study. Interannual variation in flowering patterns dictated annual flowering plant densities in the population. The first flowering season represented a typical mass flowering event resulting in high seed production, followed by a second low flowering year of low seed production. -
Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of African Medicinal Plants
International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development IOCD Working Group on Plant Chemistry CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS Proceedings of the first International IOCD-Symposium Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, February 25-28, 1996 Edited by K. HOSTETTMANN, F. CHEVYANGANYA, M. MAIL LARD and J.-L. WOLFENDER UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES IN DEVELOPMENT WORKING GROUP ON PLANT CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS Proceedings of the First International IOCD-Symposium Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, February 25-28, 1996 Edited by K. HOSTETTMANN, F. CHINYANGANYA, M. MAILLARD and J.-L. WOLFENDER Inslitut de Pharmacoynosie et Phytochimie. Universite de Umsanne. PEP. Cli-1015 Lausanne. Switzerland and Department of Pharmacy. University of Zimbabwe. P.O. BoxM.P. 167. Harare. Zim babw e UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE PUBLICATIONS 1996 First published in 1996 by University of Zimbabwe Publications P.O. Box MP 203 Mount Pleasant Harare Zimbabwe Cover photos. African traditional healer and Harpagophytum procumbens (Pedaliaceae) © K. Hostettmann Printed by Mazongororo Paper Converters Pvt. Ltd., Harare Contents List of contributors xiii 1. African plants as sources of pharmacologically exciting biaryl and quaternary! alkaloids 1 G. Bringnumn 2. Strategy in the search for bioactive plant constituents 21 K. Hostettmann, J.-L. Wolfender S. Rodrigue:, and A. Marston 3. International collaboration in drug discovery and development. The United States National Cancer Institute experience 43 (i.M. Cragg. M.R. Boyd. M.A. Christini, ID Maws, K.l). Mazan and B.A. Sausville 4. Tin: search for. and discovery of. two new antitumor drugs. Navelbinc and Taxotere. modified natural products 69 !' I'diee. -
Aloe Ferox 117 Table 9: Phytochemical Constituents of Different Extracts of Aloe CIM- Sheetal Leaves 119
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research ISSN 2229-5518 1 Morphological, in vitro, Biochemical and Genetic Diversity Studies in Aloe species THESIS SUBMITTED TO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN GENETICS IJSER By B. CHANDRA SEKHAR SINGH DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS OSMANIA UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD - 500007, INDIA JULY, 2015 IJSER © 2018 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research ISSN 2229-5518 2 DECLARATION The investigation incorporated in the thesis entitled “Morphological, in vitro, Biochemical and Genetic Diversity Studies in Aloe species’’ was carried out by me at the Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India under the supervision of Prof. Anupalli Roja Rani, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. I hereby declare that the work is original and no part of the thesis has been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma prior to this date. IJSER Date: (Bhaludra Chandra Sekhar Singh) IJSER © 2018 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research ISSN 2229-5518 3 DEDICATION I dedicateIJSER this work to my beloved and beautiful wife B. Ananda Sekhar IJSER © 2018 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research ISSN 2229-5518 4 Acknowledgements This dissertation is an outcome of direct and indirect contribution of many people, which supplemented my own humble efforts. I like this opportunity to mention specifically some of them and extend my gratefulness to other well wisher, known and unknown. I feel extremely privileged to express my veneration for my superviosor Dr. Anupalli Roja Rani, Professor and Head, Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad. Her whole- hearted co-operation, inspiration and encouragement rendered throughout made this in carrying out the research and writing of this thesis possible. -
Thesis Outline
CHAPTER 3 Nectary structure and nectar presentation in Aloe castanea and A. greatheadii var davyana (Asphodelaceae) M. Nepi1, H. Human2, S.W. Nicolson2, L. Cresti1, E. Pacini1 1 Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy 2Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Paper published in Plant Systematics and Evolution 257: 45-55 (2006) 59 Abstract This paper deals with the nectary structure and nectar presentation of two species belonging to different sections of the genus Aloe: A. castanea (Anguialoe) and A. greatheadii var davyana (Pictae). The development of the nectary was studied by means of bright field and fluorescence light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in three flower stages (young, intermediate, old). Both species have septal nectaries. In A. castanea, a subsidiary tissue, not present in A. greatheadii var davyana, was found beneath the nectary epithelium. This tissue accumulated starch that was hydrolyzed during secretion. Starch was slightly accumulated around the nectary in A. greatheadii var davyana. The distribution of chlorophyll in the ovary was also different in the two species. These anatomical differences are not, however, correlated with greater nectar production in A. castanea. In this species, the nectary seems to degenerate after secretion, while in A. greatheadii var davyana no sign of degeneration was observed. Differences in nectar presentation among the two species may account for different pollinators visiting their flowers. 60 Introduction Fahn (1979) presented a topographical classification of floral nectaries, indicating nine different types. Among them, the “ovarial nectary” type includes nectaries that are placed in the septal region between adjacent carpels, the so-called septal nectaries or gynopleural nectaries as they have been more recently defined by Smets and Cresens (1988). -
Seed Dispersal and Seed Banks in Aloe Marlothii (Asphodelaceae) ⁎ C.T
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 78 (2012) 276–280 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Short communication Seed dispersal and seed banks in Aloe marlothii (Asphodelaceae) ⁎ C.T. Symes School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa Received 5 January 2011; received in revised form 1 June 2011; accepted 20 June 2011 Abstract Aloe marlothii flowers during dry winter months (July–September) and produces large numbers of wind dispersed seeds. Fire disturbance in a population of several thousand A. marlothii plants at Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, Gauteng, permitted a series of seed dispersal experiments to be conducted. Germination trials indicated that seedling emergence decreased with increased distance from a well defined aloe stand and burn area margin, with seeds dispersed up to 25 m. Flowering frequency and total seed production were positively correlated with plant height, with seed production estimated to range from 26,000 to 375,000 seeds/plant. Although a large number of seeds are produced by flowering plants the survival rate of seeds did not extend beyond the following flowering season. © 2011 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mega-herbivore; Monocotyledon; Succulent; Suikerbosrand; Xanthorrhoeaceae 1. Introduction Pollination is primarily by birds but little is known about the ecology and seed dispersal of this species (Symes et al., 2009). Aloe marlothii A. Berger (Asphodelaceae) is a winter Numerous studies have investigated pollination in other aloes flowering succulent with a widespread distribution in the (Hoffman, 1988; Ratsirarson, 1995; Stokes and Yeaton, 1995; grassland and savanna biomes of South Africa (Reynolds, Pailler et al., 2002; Johnson et al., 2006; Hargreaves et al., 2008; 1969; Glen and Hardy, 2000; Van Wyk and Smith, 2005). -
Aloe Scientific Primer International Aloe Science Council
The International Aloe Science Council Presents an Aloe Scientific Primer International Aloe Science Council Commonly Traded Aloe Species The plant Aloe spp. has long been utilized in a variety of ways throughout history, which has been well documented elsewhere and need not be recounted in detail here, particularly as the purpose of this document is to discuss current and commonly traded aloe species. Aloe, in its various species, can presently and in the recent past be found in use as a decorative element in homes and gardens, in the creation of pharmaceuticals, in wound care products such as burn ointment, sunburn protectant and similar applications, in cosmetics, and as a food, dietary supplements and other health and nutrition related items. Recently, various species of the plant have even been used to weave into clothing and in mattresses. Those species of Aloe commonly used in commerce today can be divided into three primary categories: those used primarily in the production of crude drugs, those used primarily for decorative purposes, and those used in health, nutritional and related products. For reference purposes, this paper will outline the primary species and their uses, but will focus on the species most widely used in commerce for health, nutritional, cosmetic and supplement products, such as aloe vera. Components of aloe vera currently used in commerce The Aloe plant, and in particular aloe vera, has three distinct raw material components that are processed and found in manufactured goods: leaf juice; inner leaf juice; and aloe latex. A great deal of confusion regarding the terminology of this botanical and its components has been identified, mostly because of a lack of clear definitions, marketing, and other factors. -
Red Data List Special Edition
Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 6 No. 3 ISSN 1027-4286 November 2001 Invasive Alien Plants Part 2 Southern Mozambique Expedition Living Plant Collections: Lowveld, Mozambique, Namibia REDSABONET NewsDATA Vol. 6 No. 3 November LIST 2001 SPECIAL EDITION153 c o n t e n t s Red Data List Features Special 157 Profile: Ezekeil Kwembeya ON OUR COVER: 158 Profile: Anthony Mapaura Ferraria schaeferi, a vulnerable 162 Red Data Lists in Southern Namibian near-endemic. 159 Tribute to Paseka Mafa (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Africa: Past, Present, and Future 190 Proceedings of the GTI Cover Stories 169 Plant Red Data Books and Africa Regional Workshop the National Botanical 195 Herbarium Managers’ 162 Red Data List Special Institute Course 192 Invasive Alien Plants in 170 Mozambique RDL 199 11th SSC Workshop Southern Africa 209 Further Notes on South 196 Announcing the Southern 173 Gauteng Red Data Plant Africa’s Brachystegia Mozambique Expedition Policy spiciformis 202 Living Plant Collections: 175 Swaziland Flora Protection 212 African Botanic Gardens Mozambique Bill Congress for 2002 204 Living Plant Collections: 176 Lesotho’s State of 214 Index Herbariorum Update Namibia Environment Report 206 Living Plant Collections: 178 Marine Fishes: Are IUCN Lowveld, South Africa Red List Criteria Adequate? Book Reviews 179 Evaluating Data Deficient Taxa Against IUCN 223 Flowering Plants of the Criterion B Kalahari Dunes 180 Charcoal Production in 224 Water Plants of Namibia Malawi 225 Trees and Shrubs of the 183 Threatened -
Revision of Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm
Revision of Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. (Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae) Kristen Ellis (199203377) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae to be awarded at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. December 2013 Department of Botany Supervisor: Prof. E.E. Campbell Co-supervisor: Prof. G.F. Smith TABLE OF CONTENTS: Declaration 4 List of figures 5 List of tables 6 List of plates 7 Abstract 9 1. Introduction 10 1.1. Hypotheses 11 2. Literature review 12 2.1. Family placement 14 2.2. New generic classification of Aloe 15 2.3. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification system and its effect on the classification of aloes 15 2.4. The Aloes of The World Project 17 2.5. Descriptions of the rambling aloes 18 2.5.1. Aloiampelos ciliaris (Haw.) Klopper & Gideon.F.Sm. 18 2.5.2. Aloiampelos tenuior (Haw.) Klopper & Gideon.F.Sm. 22 2.5.3. Aloiampelos gracilis (Haw.) Klopper & Gideon.F.Sm. 24 2.5.4. Aloiampelos striatula (Haw.) Klopper & Gideon.F.Sm. 26 2.5.5. Aloiampelos commixta (A.Berger) klopper & Gideon.F.Sm. 28 2.5.6. Aloiampelos juddii (Van Jaarsv.) Klopper & Gideon.F.Sm. 30 2.5.7. Aloiampelos decumbens (Reynolds) Klopper & Gideon.F.Sm. 31 3. Morphology 35 3.1. Introduction 35 3.2. Materials & Methods 36 3.3. Results 40 2 3.4. Discussion 46 3.5. Conclusions 53 3.6. Gardening trends – orange form of A. tenuior 53 4. Historical taxonomy 58 5. Palynology 63 5.1. Introduction 63 5.2. Materials & Methods 64 5.3.