B10.Pdf (774.2Kb)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
So, What Is Actually the Distance from the Equator to the Pole? – Overview of the Meridian Distance Approximations
the International Journal Volume 7 on Marine Navigation Number 2 http://www.transnav.eu and Safety of Sea Transportation June 2013 DOI: 10.12716/1001.07.02.14 So, What is Actually the Distance from the Equator to the Pole? – Overview of the Meridian Distance Approximations A. Weintrit Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland ABSTRACT: In the paper the author presents overview of the meridian distance approximations. He would like to find the answer for the question what is actually the distance from the equator to the pole ‐ the polar distance. In spite of appearances this is not such a simple question. The problem of determining the polar distance is a great opportunity to demonstrate the multitude of possible solutions in common use. At the beginning of the paper the author discusses some approximations and a few exact expressions (infinite sums) to calculate perimeter and quadrant of an ellipse, he presents convenient measurement units of the distance on the surface of the Earth, existing methods for the solution of the great circle and great elliptic sailing, and in the end he analyses and compares geodetic formulas for the meridian arc length. 1 INTRODUCTION navigational receivers and navigational systems (ECDIS and ECS [Weintrit, 2009]) suggest the Unfortunately, from the early days of the necessity of a thorough examination, modification, development of the basic navigational software built verification and unification of the issue of sailing into satellite navigational receivers and later into calculations for navigational systems and receivers. electronic chart systems, it has been noted that for the The problem of determining the distance from the sake of simplicity and a number of other, often equator to the pole is a great opportunity to incomprehensible reasons, this navigational software demonstrate the multitude of possible solutions in is often based on the simple methods of limited common use. -
From Lacaille to Gill and the Start of the Arc of the 30 Meridian
From LaCaille to Gill and the start of the Arc of the 30th Meridian Jim R. SMITH, United Kingdom Key words: LaCaille. Maclear. Gill. Meridian Arcs. 30th Arc. SUMMARY If one looks at a map of European arcs of meridian and parallel at the beginning of the 20th century there will be seen to be a plethora them. Turning to Africa there was the complete opposite. Other than the arcs of Eratosthenes (c 300 BC) and the short arcs by LaCaille (1752) and Maclear (1841-48) the continent was empty. It was in 1879 that David Gill had the idea for a Cape to Cairo meridian arc but 1954 before it was completed. This presentation summaries the work of LaCaille and Maclear and then concentrates on a description of the 30th Meridian Arc in East Africa. The only other comparable arcs at the time were that through the centre of India by Lambton and Everest observed between 1800 and 1843; the Struve arc of 1816 to 1852 and the various arcs in France during the 18th century. The usefulness of such arcs was highlighted in 2005 with the inscription by UNESCO of the Struve Geodetic Arc on the World Heritage Monument list. A practical extension to the Struve Arc Monument is the 30th Meridian Arc since there is a connection between the two. At an ICA Symposium in Cape Town, 2003, Lindsay Braun gave a presentation that detailed the political machinations of the history of the 30th Arc; here it is hoped to fill in other aspects of this work including some facts and figures since that is what surveyors thrive upon. -
Geodesy Methods Over Time
Geodesy methods over time GISC3325 - Lecture 4 Astronomic Latitude/Longitude • Given knowledge of the positions of an astronomic body e.g. Sun or Polaris and our time we can determine our location in terms of astronomic latitude and longitude. US Meridian Triangulation This map shows the first project undertaken by the founding Superintendent of the Survey of the Coast Ferdinand Hassler. Triangulation • Method of indirect measurement. • Angles measured at all nodes. • Scaled provided by one or more precisely measured base lines. • First attributed to Gemma Frisius in the 16th century in the Netherlands. Early surveying instruments Left is a Quadrant for angle measurements, below is how baseline lengths were measured. A non-spherical Earth • Willebrod Snell van Royen (Snellius) did the first triangulation project for the purpose of determining the radius of the earth from measurement of a meridian arc. • Snellius was also credited with the law of refraction and incidence in optics. • He also devised the solution of the resection problem. At point P observations are made to known points A, B and C. We solve for P. Jean Picard’s Meridian Arc • Measured meridian arc through Paris between Malvoisine and Amiens using triangulation network. • First to use a telescope with cross hairs as part of the quadrant. • Value obtained used by Newton to verify his law of gravitation. Ellipsoid Earth Model • On an expedition J.D. Cassini discovered that a one-second pendulum regulated at Paris needed to be shortened to regain a one-second oscillation. • Pendulum measurements are effected by gravity! Newton • Newton used measurements of Picard and Halley and the laws of gravitation to postulate a rotational ellipsoid as the equilibrium figure for a homogeneous, fluid, rotating Earth. -
Splendors of Ancient Italy May 2016
What is covered: • A guided tour of Italy • 13 nights accommodation • Breakfast every day, 5 dinners • Guides on each site visited • Entrance to all Museums and sites • All transport Splendors of Ancient Italy May 2016 Instructors: Dr. Carney Matheson and Dr. Tim Kaiser Phone: (807) 343-8743 E-mail: Highlights: [email protected] • 14 sites that are UNESCO listed • A traditional dinner in Rome, Naples, Florence and https://www.lakeheadu.ca/academics/departments/ Venice anthropology/italy2016 • A toga evening experience in Rome • See the three best preserved Roman sites in the world: Herculaneum, Pompeii and Ostia Antica • The Roman Forum and Coliseum • The largest and best preserved Roman artifacts and statues in Italy • The largest surviving Etruscan tumulus 955 Oliver Road • The largest collection of rock art in Europe Thunder Bay, ON • The oldest naturally preserved human mummy in P7B 5E1 the world Tel: 1-(807)-346-7848 • Local guides and two full Professor providing the Email: [email protected] delivery of information Course description Itinerary Italy is a country with a very deep and important past. Day 1: Rome Day 7: Florence Beginning with Paleolithic Italy, this course traces the Start the day at the National Museum to see some Visit the site of Montefortini to see one of the human migrations, archaeology and genetics that of the finest collections in Italy, then tour Imperial largest Etruscan tombs. contribute to the earliest human occupations. It next Rome to see the Forum, Coliseum and the considers the transition from hunting and gathering, Capitoline. Day 8: Lake Garda which culminated in the Mesolithic, to farming, which Travel to Lake Garda and see the Neolithic Pile begins in the Neolithic. -
La Via Di Carlo Magno in Valle Camonica Un Itinerario Di Turismo Culturale Da Bergamo Alle Valli Trentine Seguendo L’Antica Leggenda
La via di Carlo Magno in Valle Camonica Un itinerario di turismo culturale da Bergamo alle valli trentine seguendo l’antica Leggenda g rafo Questo volume è stato realizzato grazie al contributo del Distretto Culturale di Valle Camonica ed è parte del progetto Un percorso di ricerca storica e turismo culturale Un progetto del Distretto Culturale di Valle Camonica www.vallecamonicacultura.it/carlomagno www.vallecamonicacultura.it www.museidivallecamonica.it [email protected] Volume a cura di Giorgio Azzoni Gianfranco Bondioni Virtus Zallot Distretto Culturale di Valle Camonica è un progetto di Comunità Montana di Valle Camonica Consorzio Comuni BIM di Valle Camonica Fondazione Cariplo © ottobre 2012 Distretto Culturale di Valle Camonica Tutti i diritti riservati Piazza F. Tassara, 3 – 25043 Breno (Bs) tel. 0364 324011 www.vallecamonicacultura.it © ottobre 2012 Grafo | gestione IGB Group www. g r a f o . i t isbn 978 88 7385 865 1 © Per i testi e le fotografie: gli autori In copertina: la chiesa di San Lorenzo a Berzo Inferiore e la Strada Valeriana tra Vione e Temù (fotomontaggio di Battista Sedani) La via di Carlo Magno in Valle Camonica Un itinerario di turismo culturale da Bergamo alle valli trentine seguendo l’antica Leggenda g rafo Nella memoria di un antico racconto che continua ad eser- citare il suo fascino, viene riproposta la leggenda di Carlo Magno come un itinerario per tappe, accompagnando i vi- sitatori nell’ideale percorso che da Bergamo, lungo la Valle Camonica, conduce sino alla trentina Val Rendena. Il lavoro di ricerca ha impegnato studiosi bergamaschi, bresciani, trentini, ponendo le basi per una collaborazione in rete “nel cuore delle Alpi”, e ora, sulla base di una leggenda comune, le strade di montagna che collegano le nostre val- li possono diventare una Via carolingia nel cuore delle Alpi. -
Great Elliptic Arc Distance1
GREAT ELLIPTIC ARC DISTANCE1 R. E. Deakin School of Mathematical & Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, MELBOURNE VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA email: [email protected] January 2012 ABSTRACT These notes provide a detailed derivation of series formula for (i) Meridian distance M as a function of latitude φ and the ellipsoid constant eccentricity-squared e2, and φ and the ellipsoid constant third flattening n; (ii) Rectifying latitude µ as functions of φ,e2 and φ,n; and (iii) latitude φ as functions of µ,e2 and µ,n These series can then be used in solving the direct and inverse problems on the ellipsoid (using great elliptic arcs) and are easily obtained using the Computer Algebra System Maxima. In addition, a detailed derivation of the equation for the great elliptic arc on an ellipsoid is provided as well as defining the azimuth and the vertex of a great elliptic. And to assist in the solution of the direct and inverse problems the auxiliary sphere is introduced and equations developed. INTRODUCTION In geodesy, the great elliptic arc between P1 and P2 on the ellipsoid is the curve created by intersecting the ellipsoid with the plane containing P1 , P2 and O (the centre of the ellipsoid) and these planes are great elliptic planes or sections. Figure 1 shows P on the great elliptic arc between P1 and P2 . P is the geocentric latitude of P and P is the longitude of P. There are an infinite number of planes that cut the surface of the ellipsoid and contain the chord PP12 but only one of these will contain the centre O. -
The Meridian Arc Measurement in Peru 1735 – 1745
The Meridian Arc Measurement in Peru 1735 – 1745 Jim R. SMITH, United Kingdom Key words: Peru. Meridian. Arc. Triangulation. ABSTRACT: In the early 18th century the earth was recognised as having some ellipsoidal shape rather than a true sphere. Experts differed as to whether the ellipsoid was flattened at the Poles or the Equator. The French Academy of Sciences decided to settle the argument once and for all by sending one expedition to Lapland- as near to the Pole as possible; and another to Peru- as near to the Equator as possible. The result supported the view held by Newton in England rather than that of the Cassinis in Paris. CONTACT Jim R. Smith, Secretary to International Institution for History of Surveying & Measurement 24 Woodbury Ave, Petersfield Hants GU32 2EE UNITED KINGDOM Tel. & fax + 44 1730 262 619 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ddl.org/figtree/hsm/index.htm HS4 Surveying and Mapping the Americas – In the Andes of South America 1/12 Jim R. Smith The Meridian Arc Measurement in Peru 1735-1745 FIG XXII International Congress Washington, D.C. USA, April 19-26 2002 THE MERIDIAN ARC MEASUREMENT IN PERU 1735 – 1745 Jim R SMITH, United Kingdom 1. BACKGROUND The story might be said to begin just after the mid 17th century when Jean Richer was sent to Cayenne, S. America, to carry out a range of scientific experiments that included the determination of the length of a seconds pendulum. He returned to Paris convinced that in Cayenne the pendulum needed to be 11 lines (2.8 mm) shorter there than in Paris to keep the same time. -
Elenco Di Istituti E Luoghi Della Cultura E Altri Immobili E/O Complessi Assegnati Ai Poli Museali Regionali *
ELENCO DI ISTITUTI E LUOGHI DELLA CULTURA E ALTRI IMMOBILI E/O COMPLESSI ASSEGNATI AI POLI MUSEALI REGIONALI * 1. Polo museale del Piemonte: Abbazia di Fruttuaria - San Benigno Canavese (Torino) Abbazia di Vezzolano - Albugnano (Asti) Castello di Moncalieri (Torino) Castello di Serralunga d'Alba (Cuneo) Complesso Monumentale del Castello Ducale, Giardino e Parco d'Agliè (Torino) Complesso Monumentale del Castello e Parco di Racconigi (Cuneo) Forte di Gavi (Alessandria) Palazzo Carignano - Torino Villa della Regina- Torino 2. Polo museale della Lombardia: Cappella Espiatoria - Monza Castello Scaligero - Sirmione (Brescia) Cenacolo Vinciano - Milano Grotte di Catullo e Museo Archeologico di Sirmione (Brescia) Museo Archeologico della Lomellina - Vigevano (Pavia) Museo Archeologico della Val Camonica - Cividate Camuno (Brescia) MUPRE - Museo nazionale della Preistoria della Valle Camonica - Capo di Ponte (Brescia) Museo della Certosa di Pavia Palazzo Besta- Teglio (Sondrio) Parco archeologico nazionale dei Massi di Cemmo - Capo di Ponte (Brescia) Parco nazionale delle incisioni rupestri - Capo di Ponte (Brescia) Villa Romana e Antiquarium - Desenzano sul Garda (Brescia) 3. Polo museale del Veneto: Area archeologica di Altino - Quarto di Altino (Venezia) Area archeologica di Concordia Sagittaria - Concordia Sagittaria (Venezia) Complesso di San Gaetano - Sede espositiva Collezione Salce - Treviso Complesso di Santa Margherita - Sede di conservazione Collezione Salce - Treviso Galleria "Giorgio Franchetti" alla Ca' d'Oro - Venezia Monumento -
La Lista Italiana UNESCO 1979 Arte Rupestre Della Val Camonica 1980
La lista italiana UNESCO 1979 Arte Rupestre della Val Camonica 1980 Santa Maria delle Grazie e il Cenacolo 1982 Centro storico di Firenze 1987 Venezia e la sua Laguna 1987 Pisa, Piazza del Duomo 1990 Centro storico di San Gimignano 1993 I Sassi di Matera 1994 Vicenza, Città del Palladio 1995 Centro storico di Siena 1995 Centro storico di Napoli 1995 Insediamento industriale di Crespi d'Adda 1995 Centro storico di Ferrara 1996 Castel del Monte 1996 Trulli di Alberobello 1996 Monumenti paleocristiani di Ravenna 1996 Centro storico di Pienza 1997 Reggia di Caserta, il Parco, l'acquedotto Vanvitelli e il Complesso di San Leucio 1997 Residenze Sabaude 1997 Padova, l'Orto botanico 1997 Portovenere, Cinque Terre e Isole (Palmaria, Tino e Tinetto) 1997 Modena: Cattedrale, Torre Civica e Piazza Grande 1997 Aree archeologiche di Pompei, Ercolano e Torre Annunziata 1997 Costiera Amalfitana 1997 Area Archeologica di Agrigento 1997 Piazza Armerina, La Villa del casale 1997 Villaggio Nuragico di Barumini 1998 Parco Nazionale del Cilento 1998 Centro storico di Urbino 1998 Zona Archeologica e Basilica Patriarcale di Aquileia 1999 Villa Adriana (Tivoli) 2000 Isole Eolie 2000 Assisi, la Basilica di San Francesco e altri siti Francescani 2000 Città di Verona 2001 Villa d'Este (Tivoli) 2002 Città Barocche del Val di Noto 2003 Sacri Monti del Piemonte e della Lombardia 2004 Val d'Orcia 2004 Necropoli etrusca di Cerveteri e Tarquinia 2005 Città di Siracusa e la necropoli di Pantalica 2006 Genova: Le Strade Nuove e il sistema dei Palazzi dei Rolli 2008 Mantova -
Valle Dei Segni Un Festival Lungo Un Anno Pag
Indice Benvenuti in Valle Camonica: Come arrivare in Valle Camonica pag. 2 la Valle dei Segni Un festival lungo un anno pag. 4 1 I segni della natura pag. 5 2 I segni della storia pag. 11 La Valle Camonica è da Valle Camonica sia che siete 3 I segni della fede pag. 19 sempre sinonimo di Natura, amanti di facili pedalate fra 4 I segni dell’arte pag. 23 Arte e Storia. Conosciuto i boschi oppure eccitati fan 5 I segni della tradizione pag. 27 in tutto il mondo per le di spericolati percorsi per 6 I segni della memoria pag. 31 incisioni rupestri dichiarate mountain bike o se vorrete patrimonio mondiale ripercorrere antichi sentieri 7 I segni del gusto pag. 35 dell’Unesco, il nostro di collegamento a cavallo, 8 I segni del benessere pag. 39 territorio è ricco di segni che proprio come facevano i 9 I segni dello sport pag. 43 testimoniano la presenza nostri avi. E cosa c’è di 10 I segni di una valle sostenibile pag. 49 dell’uomo sin dall’alba dei meglio se non concludere la 11 Informazioni e servizi locali pag. 53 tempi. vacanza con un po’ di relax? Ai numerosi parchi che nostre tradizioni e il nostro per lo snowboard e dove i Provate le nostre stazioni illustrano e proteggono passato. numerosi sentieri montani, termali dove potrete godervi l’arte rupestre si affiancano Ma la Valle Camonica non è ricoperti di neve, diventano una vacanza rigenerante per l’inestimabile patrimonio solo questo! Venire in Valle terreno ideale per chi voglia il corpo e la mente. -
Siti Unesco in Italia
SITI UNESCO IN ITALIA Di seguito sono elencati i siti Unesco in ordine cronologico di assegnazione: 1. Arte rupestre della Val Camonica (1979) 25. Porto Venere, le Cinque Terre e le isole di 2. Chiesa e convento domenicano di Santa Palmaria, Tino e Tinetto (1997) Maria delle Grazie con L’ultima cena di 26. Costiera amalfitana 1997( ) Leonardo da Vinci, Milano (1980) 27. Area Archeologica della Valle dei Templi di 3. Centro storico di Roma, le proprietà Agrigento (1997) extraterritoriali della Santa Sede nella città e 28. Area archeologica e Basilica Patriarcale di la Basilica di San Paolo fuori le mura (1980- Aquileia (1997) 1990). Estensione del Patrimonio di Roma ai 29. Centro storico di Urbino (1998) beni compresi entro le mura di Papa Urbano VII (1990) 30. Parco Nazionale del Cilento e Vallo di Diano con i siti archeologici di Paestum e Velia e la 4. Centro storico di Firenze (1982) Certosa di Padula (1998) 5. Venezia e la sua Laguna (1987) 31. Villa Adriana a Tivoli (1998) 6. Piazza del Duomo di Pisa (1987) 32. Città di Verona (2000) 7. Centro storico di San Gimignano (1990) 33. Isole Eolie (2000) 8. Sassi e Parco delle Chiese Rupestri di Matera 34. Assisi, la Basilica di San Francesco e altri siti (1993) francescani (2000) 9. Città di Vicenza e le Ville del Palladio (1994- 35. Villa d’Este a Tivoli (2001) 1996) 36. Città tardo barocche della Val di Noto (Sicilia 10. Centro storico di Siena (1995) sud-orientale) (2002) 11. Centro storico di Napoli (1995) 37. Sacri Monti del Piemonte e della Lombardia 12. -
The History of Geodesy Told Through Maps
The History of Geodesy Told through Maps Prof. Dr. Rahmi Nurhan Çelik & Prof. Dr. Erol KÖKTÜRK 16 th May 2015 Sofia Missionaries in 5000 years With all due respect... 3rd FIG Young Surveyors European Meeting 1 SUMMARIZED CHRONOLOGY 3000 BC : While settling, people were needed who understand geometries for building villages and dividing lands into parts. It is known that Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian were realized such surveying techniques. 1700 BC : After floating of Nile river, land surveying were realized to set back to lost fields’ boundaries. (32 cm wide and 5.36 m long first text book “Papyrus Rhind” explain the geometric shapes like circle, triangle, trapezoids, etc. 550+ BC : Thereafter Greeks took important role in surveying. Names in that period are well known by almost everybody in the world. Pythagoras (570–495 BC), Plato (428– 348 BC), Aristotle (384-322 BC), Eratosthenes (275–194 BC), Ptolemy (83–161 BC) 500 BC : Pythagoras thought and proposed that earth is not like a disk, it is round as a sphere 450 BC : Herodotus (484-425 BC), make a World map 350 BC : Aristotle prove Pythagoras’s thesis. 230 BC : Eratosthenes, made a survey in Egypt using sun’s angle of elevation in Alexandria and Syene (now Aswan) in order to calculate Earth circumferences. As a result of that survey he calculated the Earth circumferences about 46.000 km Moreover he also make the map of known World, c. 194 BC. 3rd FIG Young Surveyors European Meeting 2 150 : Ptolemy (AD 90-168) argued that the earth was the center of the universe.