DOCSLIB.ORG

Earth Shelter Test Facility at Oklahoma State University for Energy-Related Investigations: Program and Concept Design

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Earth Shelter Test Facility at Oklahoma State University for Energy-Related Investigations: Program and Concept Design EARTH SHELTER TEST FACILITY AT OKLAHOMA -STATE -UNIVERSITY FOR ENERGY RELATED INVESTIGATIONS: PROGRAM AND CONCEPT DESIGN By JOSEPH HENRY HACKNEY II Bachelor of Architectural Studies Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1981 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING December, 1983 EARTH SHELTER TEST FACILITY AT OKLA STATE UNIVERSITY FOR ENERGY RELATED INVESTIGATIONS: PROGRAM AND CONCEPT DESIGN Thesis Approved: ii 1170224 t PREFACE This study is concerned With the development of an emperical means of qualifying and quantifying various energy-related aspects of earth sheltered buildings in temperate to warm climates such as found in Oklahoma. The underlying goal is to develop a program and provide conceptual design alternatives for a test facility which w~ll provide the necessary data to determine the energy-saving potential of earth sheltering as a design alternative. A questionnaire, sent to selected professionals in the field of earth sheltering, aided in the identification of useful investigations and testing procedures. These investigations may be performed to provide information to professionals involved in research, design, and engineering concerning the relative impact of various design strategies on the total energy performance of earth sheltered buildings. The author wishes to thank his major ~dviser, Dr. Lester L. Boyer, for his guidance, assistance, and instruction throughout this study. Gratitude is also extended to Professor. Walter Grondzik for his invaluable assistance and support and for introducing me to a cognizance of earth sheltering far beyond the scope of this study. Much appreciation is given to Dr. James Bose for his iii interest and criticism in the preparation of the final manuscript. Thanks are also extended to Professor James Knight for his assistance in the area of design. A special note of appreciation is also given to the professionals throughout this country and abroad whose responses to the questionnaire p~ovided an invaluable base on which to develop a reasonable thermal model for earth shelter investigations. Finally, to my wife, Laura, I owe the largest thanks for her unending support and for countless hours at the keyboard typing this manuscript. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Williamson Hall 1 Minnesota Housing Finance Agency 2 Ohio State University . 3 Passive Technologies Test Facility 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory . 4 National Center for Appropriate Technology . 5 Goals and Objectives 7 Scope and Limitations . 7 Procedure . 8 II. CLIMATE OF STILLWATER, OKLAHOMA 10 III. PARAMETERS UNDER INVESTIGATION 15 Materials of Construction 16 Ground Temperature Control 21 Earth Coupling . 31 Insulation Types and Installations 34 Earth Shelter/Passive Solar Integration 40 Model Validation . 44 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE RESEARCH FACILITY 47 Test Room . 47 Above-Ground Control Room 51 Earth Sheltered Reference Room 53 Weather Station . 54 Monitoring Center .. 55 Mechanical Equipment 55 Site Planning .... 56 V. INVESTIGATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES 62 Instrumentation . 62 Weather Conditions 62 Soil Conditions 64 Interior Conditions 66 Instrumentation Placement 68 Data Collection . 71 v Chapter Page VI. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 76 Summary of Procedure 76 Recommendations . 77 Future Applications . 81 A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 83 APPENDICES 88 APPENDIX A - QUESTIONS CONCERNING ENERGY ASPECTS OF EARTH SHELTERED BUILDINGS . 89 Materials of Construction 89 Ground Temperature Control 89 Soil Moisture Content 90 Ground Surface Treatment 90 Soil Type and Backfill . 91 Earth Coupling . 91 Interior Surface Treatment 92 Exterior Surface Treatment 92 Insulation Types and Installations 92 Roof Insulation . 93 Wall Insulation . 93 Floor Insulation . 93 Earth Shelter/Passive Solar Integration 94 Modeling Concepts . 94 APPENDIX B - QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES AND FREQUENCIES . 95 List of Respondents 102 APPENDIX C - PASSIVE SOLAR RULES-OF-THUMB 103 Solar Windows . 103 Heat Storage . 103 Thermal Walls . 104 Solar Collection Area . 105 Orientation . 105 APPENDIX D - THE "ARKANSAS" WELL-INSULATED HOUSE .• 107 Roof Construction . 107 Wall Construction . 107 Floor Slab Construction . 108 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Mean Monthly Percentage Sunshine for Stillwater, Oklahoma .. 13 II. Materials of Construction 20 III. Ground Temperature Control . 30 IV. Earth Coupling . 33 V. Insulation Types and Installations 38 VI. Earth Shelter/Passive Solar Integration 42 VII. Insulation Wing Properties 50 VIII. Test Room Schedule .... 73 IX. Sensor Monitoring Intervals 75 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Probable Facility Location, Avoiding Adjacent Flood Areas 11 2. Roof Assemblies .... 18 3. Undisturbed Soil Temperatures in Stillwater, Oklahoma . 23 4. Ground Temperature Control Using Soil Layering . 27 5. Ground Temperature Control Using Gravel 27 6. Ground Temperature Control Umbrella Construction . 27 7. Illustration of Test Room with Insulation Wings .. 49 8. Area of Thermal Influence in Soil from Underground Buildings . 51 9. Details of Thermal Breaks at Test Room 52 10. Test Facility Layout - Linear Configuration 58 11. Test Facility Layout - Radial Configuration 58 12. Test Facility Layout - Concentric Configuration 60 13. Test Facility Layout - Grid Configuration . 60 14. Test Facility Layout - Consolidated Configuration 61 15. Thermocouple Assemblies . 65 16. Test Room Instrumentation Placement 69 17. Recommended Test Room Design 79 18. Recommended Facility Layout . 82 19. Details of the "Arkansas" Well-Insulated House 108 viii NOMENCLATURE Amplitude of surface temperature wave (F) Thermal diffusivity of soil (ft2 /day) Btu British thermal unit c Degrees Centigrade CDD Cooling degree days cm Centimeter(s) 0 Degrees e Exponential EPS Expanded polystyrene F Degrees Fahrenheit F factor Window opening (height)/projection ft Feet f t 2 Square feet ft 3 Cubic feet HDD Heating degree days hr Hour(s) in. Inch(es) J Joules K Degrees Kelvin km Kilometer(s) 1 Liter(s) Meter(s) Square meter ix m/s Meters per second MHFA Minnesota Housing Finance Agency mi Mile(s) mph, Miles per hour min Minute(s) (time) Minutes (angular) mm Millimeter(s) Pi Mean annual soil temperature Temperature of soil at depth x at time t (F) Time of year (days, where O=midnight Dec. 31) Phase constant (days) x Depth below surface (ft) w Watt(s) x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The number of earth sheltered buildings being built in Oklahoma and other areas throughout the country has in- creased substantially since the late 1970's. Earth sheltering is also growing in other parts of the world where energy costs and availability impose as great or greater restraints on architectural design as have been experienced in this country. Space·heating and space cooling energy requirement reductions are undoubtedly the most important reasons for using earth sheltering (1). However, how does one evaluate these benefits in a quantitative manner to decide if earth sheltering is a cost-effective alternative to other conven- tional and low energy types of structures? And how may energy-related' features of a particular design be optimized for a given climate? Background Williamson Hall A limited number of research facilities have been developed around the country in recent years to investigate 1 2 the energy potential of various earth shelter design strategies. Most facilities are occupied buildings which provide heat transfer information, as well as total energy performance data. One of the largest occupied buildings monitored is Williamson Hall, a large three-story, 83,000 ft2 (7711 m2 ) earth sheltered building housing a student book store and records and admissions offices for the University of Minnesota. The monitoring of Williamson Hall is paired with the development of a transient two­ dimensional heat transfer model. Aspects of the thermal characteristics of earth sheltered walls are investigated, including variables such as soil thermal properties and different types of ground cover (2). Minnesota Housing Finance Agency The Minnesota Housing Finance Agency (MHFA) has underwritten construction costs of seven occupied earth sheltered. housing projects, two of which have fairly extensive instrumentation to determine the heat transfer through the building envelope and monitor each component of the building's energy use separately. The remaining projects are mainly being monitored for interior/exterior conditions and total energy use (3). One of the main objectives of the MHFA research is to compare energy consumption for earth sheltered housing against conventional above-ground counterparts. Comparisons 3 made between individual test houses are also helpful in design optimization. Ohio State University Residential heating and cooling loads were studied as part of an extensive research project at Ohio State University which included monitoring an unoccupied house basement to develop a calculational procedure to determine the design heat loss through basement walls (4). The modeling method which accompanied the monitoring program was a finite difference analysis using a two-dimensional grid spacing of 8 in. (20 cm) which was dictated by the eight inch concrete block basement walls of the test house. The model was found to be reasonably accurate although several parameters were either neglected (solar radiation) or averaged to simplify the model; e.g., the outside ground surface convective heat transfer
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 56 Stories Desire for Freedom and the Uncommon Courage with Which They Tried to Attain It in 56 Stories 1956
    For those who bore witness to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, it had a significant and lasting influence on their lives. The stories in this book tell of their universal 56 Stories desire for freedom and the uncommon courage with which they tried to attain it in 56 Stories 1956. Fifty years after the Revolution, the Hungar- ian American Coalition and Lauer Learning 56 Stories collected these inspiring memoirs from 1956 participants through the Freedom- Fighter56.com oral history website. The eyewitness accounts of this amazing mod- Edith K. Lauer ern-day David vs. Goliath struggle provide Edith Lauer serves as Chair Emerita of the Hun- a special Hungarian-American perspective garian American Coalition, the organization she and pass on the very spirit of the Revolu- helped found in 1991. She led the Coalition’s “56 Stories” is a fascinating collection of testimonies of heroism, efforts to promote NATO expansion, and has incredible courage and sacrifice made by Hungarians who later tion of 1956 to future generations. been a strong advocate for maintaining Hun- became Americans. On the 50th anniversary we must remem- “56 Stories” contains 56 personal testimo- garian education and culture as well as the hu- ber the historical significance of the 1956 Revolution that ex- nials from ’56-ers, nine stories from rela- man rights of 2.5 million Hungarians who live posed the brutality and inhumanity of the Soviets, and led, in due tives of ’56-ers, and a collection of archival in historic national communities in countries course, to freedom for Hungary and an untold number of others.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparedness Planning for a Nuclear Crisis .Pdf
    I- HS-4 ---(MAR 87) I I I I I I I I. A Citizen's Guide to Civil Defense and Self-Protection Preparedness Planning For a Nuclear Crisis A Citizen’s Guide to Civil Defense and Self-Protection Text Table of Contents Page Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 Risk Analysis: The Effects of Nuclear Weapons ............................... 3 Chapter 2 Civil Defense and Emergency Planning .......................................... 31 Chapter 3 Planning for Evacuation .............................................................. 45 Chapter 4 Preparing Fallout Shelters ........................................................... 57 Chapter 5 Preparing for Shelter Living ......................................................... 87 Appendix Expedient Shelter Plans ........................................................................... 123 Expedient Shelter Equipment .................................................................... 130 / INTRODUCTION This book is about making personal plans for an emergency that most people do not want to think about-nuclear attack. Planning how to respond to this possibility is no less wise than planning how to escape a burning building, survive an earthquake, avoid injury from an accident involving hazardous chemicals or a nuclear power plant or any major emergency. You make plans, not because you believe these emergencies will happen, but because you want to be prepared just in case they ever do. Planning how you will respond
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Minnesota River Watershed
    Minnesota River Basin 2010 Progress Report Middle Minnesota River Watershed MIDDLE MINNESOTA RIVER WATERSHED This major watershed is characterized by its irregular shape compared Nine Mile Creek to the other major watersheds in the Minnesota River Basin and the fact John Cross it is drained by a numerous smaller tributaries but no major river. The only other major watershed not defined by a main stem tributary in the basin is the Lower Minnesota River Watershed. Little Cottonwood River is the largest sub-watershed, a total of 230 square miles. Ranked sixth in size compared to 12 major watersheds, the Middle Minnesota is approximately 1,347 square miles or 862,060 acres. Agriculture dominates much of the watershed with a number of major river communities found within its boundaries including parts of Redwood Falls, New Ulm and Mankato along with St. Peter, located right before Morgan Creek Vineyard the Minnesota River flows into the Lower Minnesota River Watershed. 38. Lake 35. Red Top Farms Washington Water Demonstration Site Quality Project 2. St. Peter Treaty 33. Wetland Site History Center Litigation 37. Pehling Farm 34. Paired Watershed 1. St. Peter Water 32. Mississippi River Studies for Nutrient 36. State Highway Treatment Plant Basin Health Reduction 169 Erosion 3. GAC Recycle Watersheds Initiative Control Mania 4. Lake Emily 31. New Ulm Clean-up Wastewater Treatment Plant 5. Seven Mile Creek Watershed Project 30. Capitol for a • 6. Wetland day – New Ulm Restorations • 7. Conservation Highlights 29. River Regional • 8. Farm Practice River History & Survey Information Center • 9. Groundwater Vulnerability 28. Coalition for a Study Clean Minnesota • 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Underground Buildings Van Dronkelaar, C
    Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Underground buildings van Dronkelaar, C. Award date: 2013 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain Eindhoven University of Technology Department of the Built Environment Master’s thesis Underground buildings February 2013 Author: Advisors: Chris van Dronkelaar prof. dr. ir. J.L.M. Hensen Building Physics and Services dr. ir. D. Cóstola R.A. Mangkuto MSc CONTENT I. Underground buildings - Comparative analysis using literature Size: 15 pages This paper summarizes the many potential benefits and drawbacks associated with underground buildings, while discussing the effects different functions and underground building concepts have on them. Some design strategies are identified to alleviate the negative psychological and physiological effects.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey
    United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey Bibliography of radon in the outdoor environment and selected references on gas mobility in the ground by Allan B. Tanner Open-file report 92-351 May 1992 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards and nomenclature. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS REPORT This report is available in three formats: Open-file report 92-351-A: Paper copy (300 pages) Open-file report 92-351-B: 3.5-inch, 1.44-MB high-density floppy diskette Open-file report 92-351-C: 5.25-inch, 1.2-MB high-densit) r floppy diskette Diskette versions are formatted in WordPerfect® 5.0 for IBM-compatible personal computers using MS-DOS® 3.3 or higher operating systems and having at least 1.1 MB of disk space available for the bibliography file. Superscripts, subscripts, italics, and the special characters composed by WordPerfect® are freely used in the report and require graphics capability in display monitors (VGA recommended) or printers. Translation to other word processing formats has not been attempted. Copies may be obtained from: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Reports Section, MS 517 Box 25425, Denver Federal Center DENVER CO 80225 Prices and delivery times depend upon the format desired (-A, -B, or -C) and may be obtained by calling 303-236-7476. Introduction "Radon" denotes both the chemical element containing 86 protons in its nucleus, and the specific isotope of radon whose nucleus also contains 136 neutrons, giving the isotope a mass number of 222.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth-Covered Buildings: an Exploratory Analysis for Hazard and Energy Performance
    EARTH-COVERED BUILDINGS: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS FOR HAZARD AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE MORELAND ASSOCIATES FORT WORTH, TEXAS Prepared for THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY DIVISION OF MITIGATION AND RESEARCH WASHINGTON, D.C 20472 November, 1981 Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited Final Report FEMA Work Unit Number 4411E Contract 81-600091 REPRODUCED BY NATIONAL TECHNICAL /INFORMATlON SERVICE j u.s. DEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE . Sl'RIIlGFlELD, VA 22161 . SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data E(ltered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER 12. GOVT ACCESSION NO••. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER MAl-8l ~n2 18956 4 4. TITLE (and ~ubtltlto) 5. TYPE OF REPORT &. PERIOO COVERED Final Report 9-79/11-81 Earth-Covered Buildings: An Exploratory , Analysis For Hazard And Energy Perfor- 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER mance 7. AUTHOR(Ir) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(Ir) Frank L. Moreland, et al. B:b.6:tl.fiJ19-1 .. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA &. WORK UNIT NUMBERS Moreland Associates 908 Boland, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 4411E 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE November 1981 FEMA - Washington 20472 IS. NUMBER OF PAGES 312 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME &. AOORESS(1l different from Controlling Office) '5. SECURITY CLASS. (of rhJe report) unclassified 158. DECLASSIFICATION DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thle Report) Approved for public release, distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the lIbetr~ct entered J(I Block 20, it dllferent hom Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (ContJnulI on reverae aide If (lecellaat")' and Identify by block number) earth-covered buildipgs, earth-covered settlements, performance, long-term benefits, fire, storms, nuclear radiation shielding, energy consumption, economic analysis, hazard analysis, public policy 20, ABSTRACT (Ccmt&zue ..,.--.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elimination of the Tibolddaróc Cave Dwellings; Non-Gypsies in the CS Housing Program1
    Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 62(2), 407–440 (2017) DOI: 10.1556/022.2017.62.2.8 The Elimination of the Tibolddaróc Cave Dwellings; Non-Gypsies in the CS Housing Program1 Tamás Hajnáczky Ethnic and Minority Policy Expert, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary Abstract: This paper presents the case of the elimination of cave houses in Tibolddaróc in the socialist era with the help of the affordable housing program implemented by the 2/1965 ÉM- PM regulation. The housing program aimed to eliminate poor living condition in slums where Gypsy* and non-Gypsy people lived. Contrary to popular belief, 30% of the people living in the settlements “not complying with social requirements” were non-Gypsies, according to the settlement survey of 1964. Most surveyed non-Gypsy dwellers lived in cave houses, barracks, miner colonies or family houses. To provide a comparison, the author found it important to investigate the case of cave-dwellings in Tibolddaróc, where a well-definable group of non- Gypsies were accepted into the affordable housing program. In addition to demonstrating the elimination process in the locality, the author describes the discrepancies in the execution of the affordable housing program as compared to the original plan aimed at the Gypsy population. Furthermore, the paper reflects on the role of the socialist regime and its responsibility in the favorable or detrimental outcome of the elimination program. Keywords: socialist era, forced assimilation policy of gypsies, affordable housing program, cave houses * Proof-reader’s note: The term “Gypsy” was the standard expression denoting the ethnic group in question in the historical period examined in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth Sheltering Is the Architectural Practice of Using Earth Against
    Earth sheltering - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_sheltering From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Earth sheltering is the architectural practice of using earth against building walls for external thermal mass, to reduce heat loss, and to easily maintain a steady indoor air temperature. Earth sheltering has become relatively more popular in modern times, especially among environmentalists and advocates of passive solar and sustainable architecture. However, the practice has been around for nearly as long as humans have been constructing their own shelters. Turf houses in Keldur, Iceland. 1 Definition 2 Background 3 Types of construction 4 Benefits 5 Potential problems 6 Landscape and site planning 6.1 Topography 6.2 Regional climate 6.3 Vegetation 6.4 Soil and drainage 7 Construction methods Turf house in Sænautasel, Iceland. 7.1 Current methods 7.2 Materials 7.2.1 Structural 7.2.2 Waterproofing 7.2.3 Insulation 8 Design for energy conservation 9 Earth sheltering with solar heating 10 Earth shelter construction: history and examples 10.1 Berming 10.2 In-hill 10.3 Underground 11 Gallery 12 See also Turf house in Sænautasel, Iceland. Inside 13 Notes view showing the turf layers on the walls. 14 References 15 External links 1 of 12 1/4/2017 5:47 PM Earth sheltering - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_sheltering The expression earth-sheltering is a generic term, with the general meaning: building design in which soil plays an integral part. A building can be described as earth-sheltered if its external envelope is in contact with a thermally significant volume of soil or substrate (where “thermally significant” means making a functional contribution to the thermal effectiveness of the building in question.) Earth-sheltered buildings consist of one or more of three types: earth-covered, earth-bunded, and subterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth-Sheltered Houses ENERGY Let’S Assume You’Re in the Market for a Beginning Your Project, and Cost—Will New Home
    DOE/GO-10097-373 FS 120 ENERGY February 1997 EFFICIENCY AND RCLEARINGHOUSE ENEWABLE Earth-Sheltered Houses ENERGY Let’s assume you’re in the market for a Beginning Your Project, and Cost—will new home. Let’s further assume that, like answer some questions you may have. many other people, you’re concerned Once you’ve decided on an earth- about the limited supplies of domestic oil sheltered house, the sections on Design, and gas, the unpredictable cost, and the Construction Considerations, including loca- environmental price tag attached to the tion, climate, site, and soils, and Construc- continued use of these fuels. tion Materials can help you make the house a reality. Is there any way to reconcile your con- cerns and still build your dream home? Advantages The solution might lie in earth-sheltered There are many advantages to earth- housing. These structures offer many sheltered construction. An earth-sheltered energy-efficient features and are often home is less susceptible to the impact of designed to use solar energy for heating extreme outdoor air temperatures, so you and cooling. Some designs make use of won’t feel the effects of adverse weather recycled materials in their construction. as much as in a conventional house. Tem- peratures inside the house are more stable If you do your homework, earth-sheltered than in conventional homes, and with less construction can be an attractive and temperature variability, interior rooms rewarding choice in housing. The follow- seem more comfortable. ing sections—Advantages, Disadvantages, NREL / PIX02909 This house in Tempe, Arizona, uses earth-sheltered construction methods to help decrease cooling costs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shetland House
    SHETLAND ISLANDS COUNCIL THE SHETLAND HOUSE Guidance for Housing Development in Shetland December 2008 Produced by Shetland Islands Council Development Plans Planning Service Grantfield Lerwick Shetland ZE1 0NT Tel: 01595 744800 www.shetland.gov.uk You may contact the Development Plans Team at: email: [email protected] THE SHETLAND HOUSE CONTENTS Introduction: page 5 Your housing needs Where to live? Financing the project Early stages: 6 Choosing a site Special considerations Planning issues and Permission Buying the land Services Getting the best from the site: 10 Orientation Site layout, outbuildings & garages. Landscape, environment and wildlife Designing the house: 14 Sustainability What type of design?: rural & urban contexts :colour/scale/proportion/detailing Materials and maintenance Energy saving (= money saving) Landscaping Other issues: underbuilding/ribbon/infill/overlooking Daylight&sunlight blocking/disabled design Getting it built: 30 Using an architect Choosing Contractors Planning Permission and Building Warrant Contracts and project management Inspection and acceptance Renovating, Converting or Extending: 33 Choosing a property Surveys and Finance Special considerations Planning Permission Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Design 3 Development Plans December 2008 Appendices: 37 1) Examples of Shetland houses 2) Scottish Executive Planning Guidance 3) Shetland house evolution 4) Useful addresses 5) Other Planning issues: Housing Zones & General Requirements 6) Road, access
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy. the Power to Choose Charts the Progress Made in Renewable Energy in Recent Years and Outlines Renew- Able Energy's Prospects
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 228 081 SE 041 278 AUTHOR Deudney, Daniel; Flavin, Christopher TITLE Renewable Energy. The _Power to Choose. INSTITUTION Worldwatch Inst., Washington, D.C. 4-- , REPORT NO ISBN-0-3937,01710-9 PUB DATE 83 NOTE . 445p. AVAILABLi FROMW. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500Fifth Avenue, New York; NY 10110 ($18.95). .PUg TYPE" Reports - General (140) -- Books (010) EDRS PRICE 41F01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Building Design; Energy; Energy Occupations; Environmental Education; Fuel Consumption; *Fuels; Industry; *Poker Technology; *Solar Energy; *Technological Advancement; *Wind Energy IDENTIFIERS *Alternative Energy Sources; Energy Education;\ Geothermal Energy; *Renewable Energy Resources ABSTRACT. This book, consisting of 13 chapters, charts the progress made in renewableenergy in recent'years and outlines renewable energy's prospects. Arias addressedinclude: energy at the crossroads (discussing oil, gas,,coal, nuclear power, and the conservation revolution); 'solar buildingdesign; solar collection; sunlight to electricity; wood; energy from crops.andwaste; energy 'from water; wind energy; and geothermal energy.Additional areas addressed include renewable energy'spote4ial (discussing rebuilding, industry role, renewable energy for the farmand rural poor, and issues related totransportation and electricity); institutions,for the-transition to renewable energy(focusing.on a new researchanedevelopment.agenda, renewable energy technology--vernacular technology, and.seed moneyfor the transition to renewable energy); and shapes of arenewable society (coniidering new lands9apes, renewablejobs, rebalancing city and country,rising regional/local self-reliance, shifting powere and newbalances between rich/po-or, between nations, andbetween *generatiOns). Notes and selected references are providedfor each chapter. Notes on energy units and an index arealso provkded. (JN) * * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that canbe made * * from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • Education Experience
    Ernst W. Kiesling, Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas Tech University VITA Lubbock, Texas 79409-1023 (1/11) Office: (806) 742-3476, ext 335; FAX 742-3446 E-mail: [email protected] Executive Director National Storm Shelter Association 1 877-700-6772 www.NSSA.cc EDUCATION Michigan State University Ph.D. Degree, 1966 East Lansing, Michigan Applied Mechanics Minors: Mathematics and Civil Engineering Assistant Instructor, 1964-66, Metallurgy, Mechanics and Materials Science Department NSF Science Faculty Fellow, 1963-64 M.S. Degree, 1959 Applied Mechanics Minor: Mathematics Texas Technological College B.S. Degree, 1955 Lubbock, Texas Mechanical Engineering San Angelo Junior College A.A. Degree, 1953 San Angelo, Texas Pre-Engineering EXPERIENCE Texas Tech University Professor of Civil Engineering, 1969-present Lubbock, Texas Senior Associate Dean of Engineering, 2004-2006 Responsibilities include administrative oversight and management of: Distance Learning Program Coordination of facilities development Promotion and tenure processes College of Engineering graduate studies Associate Director, Leather Research Institute, College of Human Sciences, 1993-1998 Associate Dean of Engineering for Research, 1988-1993 Responsibilities included administrative oversight of Water Resources Center 1 Center for Automation and Robotics Institute for Disaster Research Center for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Studies Wind Engineering Research Center Institute for Ergonomics Research Glass Research and Testing Laboratory Systems, Materials, Automation, Research and Teaching (SMART) Lab Director, Center for Energy Research, 1988-1993 Texas Tech Research Foundation, Member, Board of Directors, January 1993-1997 a not-for-profit corporation Director, Center for Advanced Research and Engineering (CARE), 1988-1993. Responsibilities included manage- ment of CARE facilities.
    [Show full text]