PACIFIC LINGUISTICS

Series C - No. 91

TOLO DICTIONARY

by

Susan Smith Crowley

Department of Linguistics

Research School of Pacific Studies

THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Crowley, S.S. Tolo dictionary. C-91, xiv + 129 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. DOI:10.15144/PL-C91.cover ©1986 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is issued through the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and consists of four series:

SERIES A - Occasional Papers SERIES B - Monographs SERIES C - Books SERIES D - Special Publications

EDITOR: S.A. Wurm

ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock, C.L. Voorhoeve, D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton

EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B. W. Bender K.A. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University University of Hawaii A. Capell P. MUhlhausler University of Sydney Linacre College, Oxford Michael G. Clyne G.N. O'Grady Monash University University of Victoria, B.C. S.H. Elbert A.K. Pawley University of Hawaii University of Auckland K.J. Franklin K.L. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W. Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics U ni versity of Texas G.W. Grace Malcolm Ross University of Hawaii Australian National University M.A.K. Halliday Gillian Sankoff University of Sydney University of Pennsylvania E. Haugen W.A.L. Stokhof Harvard University University of Leiden A. Healey B.K. T'sou Summer Institute of Linguistics City Polytechnic of Hong Kong L.A. Hercus E.M. Uhlenbeck Au�tralian National University University of Leiden Nguyen D/!ing Liem J. W.M. Verhaar University of Hawaii Divine Word Institute, John Lynch Madang University of Papua New Guinea

All correspondence concerning PACIFIC LING UISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies The Australian National University . Canberra, A.C.T. 2601 Australia Copyright © The Author First Published 1986 Typeset by Evelyn Winburn Printed by A.N.U. Printing Service Bound by Adriatic Bookbinders Pty Ltd

The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for assistance in the production of this series

This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund

ISSN 0078-7558 ISBN 0 85883 346 8 CONTENTS

Table of Contents III

Preface IV

Introduction v

Abbreviations and Explanations xi

DICTIONARY 1

English-Tolo Index 65

Appendix A: Pronouns 100

Appendix B: Conjunctions 101

Appendix C: So that, in order that 104

Appendix D: Future Tense 105

Appendix E: Past and Present Tense 106

Appendix F: Sana 'with', 'from', 'to' 107

iii PREFACE

This dictionary is the result of two years of living in the Logu Avuavu District of Guadalcanal and of learning and speaking the Tolo language.

I am not a linguist and make no pretense of being one. I have however attained a fair degree of fluency in Tolo (3 on the L.A.M.P. scale: see Language acquisition made practical. Brewster and Brewster. U.S.A .. 1976) and feel confident that the vocabulary and grammar contained in this book are accurate.

There will be I'm sure some dispute as to whether certain entries in this book are in fact Tolo words or are words originating in another Guadalcanal language. It is a moot point. Language is a living and growing thing. and as there has been some considerable migration from one area to another .. in this part of the island. it is difficult if not impossible to say . yes. this is pure Tolo" . All I can say for certain is that all of the words herein are used by some speakers of Tolo. and all of them are at least understood if not used as the preferred choice. by all speakers of Tolo.

This dictionary is by no means to be considered complete. There are possibly twice as many words omitted as have been included. This book is only a beginning. and it is my hope that some day in the not too distant future. some native Tolo speaker will enlarge and improve upon it.

I would like to thank many people for their help in writing this book. but especially Matthew Kuva Boloatsi. I am deeply indebted to him for the time he spent in helping me to learn the language and for the many many hours during which he helped me to compile and define the dictionary entries. I am grateful too to the Hon. Ezekiel Alebua for his help in compiling the entries and for his editing of this entire work. I also wish to thank Oliva Palatoha for her help in defining entries and in correcting my mistakes. Susan Smith Crowley. August. 1981.

iv INTRODUCTION

The Tolo language in its " pure" form is spoken by about 1.000 people in a geographical area which stretches along the south-central coast of Guadalcanal from Lauvi Point to Talise District.

Some people might question the demand for a dictionary and grammar in a language which is spoken by such a relatively small number of people. I believe. however. that because of the extended area of" herem save" or mutual recognition of languages of this island. the book in fact has a much wider audience.

I believe that it has four different audiences: 1. The native Tolo speaker who has not formally learned to communicate in written form in his/her own language. 2. The Tolo. or other Guadalcanal language speaker (adult or schoolchild) who wants to write or speak better English. 3. The non-Tolo speaker wanting to learn Tolo. 4. The non-Solomon Islander wanting to learn another related Guadalcanal language. or compile a dictionary of that language. This is because many language informants would not be familiar enough with English to give an accurate translation. but would be familiar with the Tolo equivalent of a word in their own language.

Lastly. I feel that this book is important because many Tolo words have become" lost" already and others are in danger of becoming lost. I hope that this dictionary will stand as a document for the preservation of the language.

The word entries in the dictionary are listed alphabetically. The main entry is in the base form of the third person singular for both nouns and verbs. For example. makana is 'his/her fits eye' and berenia is 'see him/her/it'.

Some word entries in the main body of thedictionary and some words in the appendices contain a parenthesis within the word itself. For example. tae(na). vale(na). hamu(sui) or moto(go). This indicates that the word may sometimes stand alone. without that part of it which is contained in the parenthesis. For example. Hia horo i vale.

Multiple senses of a Tolo word are numbered 1. 2. 3. etc. but homonyms (words which have the same spelling but are really entirely different words) are listed separately. Most words have an illustrative sentence indicating an example of the correct usage of the word.

v vi

A Guide to Spelling and Pronunciation of Tolo

Vowels

a as in 'father ' e as in '�ver' or 'sh�ke'

as in 'tre-e' or 'sit'- o as in 'hQpe' u as in 'shoot'

Diphthongs

ae, a i both similar to sigh but slightly different from one another oe, oi both similar to t21but slightly different from one another ou similar to low ao, au both similar to how but slightly different from one another el similar to s�

Consonants

There are only thirteen consonants in Tolo. There is no c, t, J. q, w, x, y or z.

b as in b�by but prenasalised

d as in �og but prenasalised

9 as in garden but prenasalised

h as in house

k as in �ind but not as heavily aspirated as in little

m as in mother

n as In no p as in £en but not as heavily aspirated

r is pronounced by hitting the tip of the tongue once against the roof of the mouth

5 as in sun

t as in time

v as in �ote: in some few cases the v is pronounced as W in '�in' but with the lips slightly less rounded. These exceptions are noted as such in the word entries.

ts is almost always pronounced as the ch in church. The exception is in the word katsa 'bark skirt' where most speakers pronounce it as the ts in 'ca�'.

ng is always followed by a vowel and is pronounced as the ng in ha�er, never as the ng in fi nger.

Prenasalisation

The nasal sounds m, nand ng are always placed before b, d and 9 respectively, but the degree to which one" hears" this prenasalisation will depend on the speaker and most speakers stress it more when the b, d or 9 comes in the middle of a word rather than at the beginning. vi i

'child' baka is pronounced as mbah-kah 'to float' tsobo is pronounced as chom-bo

woman daki is pronounced as ndah-ke 'dark' rodo is pronounced as ron-do

man gare is pronounced as nggah-ra work' ago is pronounced as ahng-go

It will be noted that I have chosen not to use some of the variations in spelling that have been used in Guadalcanal languages in the past. That is, I have written the hard 9 sound simply as a .9 rather than the q or ngg which has sometimes been used as a symbol for this sound. The h sound too is simply written as an h rather than as a 9 or gh.

At first the spelling here may be confusing for some people who have seen or used other variations, but my aim is to simplify rather than confuse. It is my feeling and the feeling of some of the people who assisted me in writing this book that this new spelling is more appropriate and that it should be easy for people to adapt to it.

Stress In T010 the stress is nearly always placed on the next to last syllable regardless of the number of syllables in the word. For example:

kuma is kG rna, but kumara IS ku rna ra, and bubukolo is bu bu ko 10

There are some exceptions to this. Some very few words, but notably the pronouns hamitou and hamutou place the stress on the first syllable. There is a somewhat larger group of exceptions which places the stress on the last syllable and I have indicated this in the entries by a ( ') placed on the last syllable of the word, e.g. bola 'without reason'. Where there is no stress mark it can be presumed that the general rule for stress is to be followed.

Some Notes on T 010 Grammar

Adjectives Adjectives are almost always placed after the noun which they modify. The exception to this rule is numerals which come before the noun. For example: 'big child' baka lava 'one child' tsikai baka

Other adjectives which indicate 'how many' or 'how much' also come before the noun. For example: 'some books' kesana buka 'every day' J!!J!! dani vi i i

Possessive Adjectives 1 Possession is indicated by either a prefix or a suffix, depending upon whether the noun which is being modified is considered alienable or inalienable, When something is considered to be an integral or important part of someone or something it is inalienable and the possessive is shown by adding a suffix, For example: 'his house' valena

There is no easy rule to follow to determine which nouns are alienable and which are inalienable. Obviously body parts such as a man's hand (Iimana gare) and a dog's tail (kalina kau) would be considered inalienable. Relatives such as father, sister, uncle are inalienable, as are houses. But friends and gardens are not. Some words may beconsi dered to be either alienable or inalienable. For example, 'the way (road) of Jesus' may be either salana lesu or nasala lesu.

Some examples of alienable and inalienable nouns are as follows: Inalienable Alienable

mother dog house coconut tree clothing basket bed food urine land

Adverbs In general adverbs come after the verb as in English. For example: 'He went yesterday' Hia e ba bongi 'Hold it !i&h!!.Y' Velesia ngatsi 'Put it there' Talua i ai 'She came�' Hia mai kesa

Adverbs of direction however usually come before the verb. For example: 'go back' visu ba 'come down' sivo mai , 'come north(ward) longa mai

There are some exceptions to both of these general rules. For example, though one can say mai kesa for 'come �', one must say savua mai when using savua to mean 'quickly'. And 'take away' (an adverb of direction) is taho lihia.

Prepositions The prepositions i and na are the most common Tolo prepOSitIOns and can sometimes be used interchangeably. Other common prepositions are vania, tania, sania, sana, hinia, tavalia and ovea. Some of these prepositions change their endings as the object of the preposition changes. For example:

1 see also Appendix. ix 'to me' vaniu 'to him' vania 'to them' vanira

With the exception of sana (see Appendix F) these prepositional endings are the same as the transitive (object) verb endings (see Appendix A). More information about preposition usages can be found under the particular word entry in the Tolo-English section.

Verbs Verbs are divided into two classes. transitive and intransitive.

1. Transitives Transitive verbs are verbs which are followed by an object (though sometimes the object is omitted and merely understood from the context of the sentence). The endings to these verbs change as the objects of the verbs change. For example: 'He saw me' Hia bereniu nau 'He saw him' Hia berenia hia 'He saw the two of you' Hia berenihamuka

A list of these transitive endings may be found in Appendix A.

2, Intransitives Intransitive verbs are those which are not followed by an object and therefore are verbs whose endings do not change. Some examples are 'to go' (ba) , 'to come' (mai) and 'to stay' (horo) . Some verbs may have both intransitive and transitive forms. For example: 'He's bathing' Hia leleso 'He's bathing the child' Hia lesovia baka 'He's drinking' Hia inu 'He's drinking water Hia inuvia kolo

Some verbs take an object where we would expect a prepositional phrase. For example: 'I'm waiting' Nau pitu 'I'm waiting for the truck' Nau pitua tarake

'He's urinating' Hia mimi 'He's urinating on his mother Hia mimisia nanana

In both these above cases, pitua and mimisia are transitive verbs and there IS no word In the Tolo translation for 'for and 'on'.

Directional Verbs As in Pijin, 'to go' (ba) or 'to come' (mai) may follow another transitive or intransitive verb to indicate the direction of an action. Ba indicates that the action is directed away from the speaker. For example: , Kusu ba vania Bobi 'Give it to Bob (over there) .

Mai indicates that the action is directed towards the speaker. For example:

Hia kusu mai leta vaniu 'She sent me a letter. x

Passive Voice There is no construction for passive voice in Tolo. The idea IS implied by using hira 'they' or kesana 'someone' with an active verb. For example: Hira belia na kaui Bobi 'Bob's dog was stolen'. Kesana ra ritsia pologu 'My clothing was ripped'.

Future Tense Future tense is indicated by a verbal particle which is placed after the subject and before the verb. This corresponds to the Pijin baebae but is different for each personal pronoun. For example: 'I will go' Nau doto ba, 'They will go' Hira dara ba.

For a list of verbal particles for the future tense, see Appendix.

A future tense indicator is always necessary even if the "future" is only a few minutes from now and may be implied but not stated. For example: 'I'm going later today' Nau doto ba dani ba.

The future tense is used in the imperative (command) construction too. For example: Hamu sui damu tahomaia kumara karopo! 'All of you bring some kumaras tomorrow!'

Koe vania Jone ka mail 'Tell John to come!'

A verbal particle for future tense IS necessary here because John will be coming In the future (a minute from now) .

Plural Nouns

The English language indicates a plural noun by adding an 5 to it or by changing the form of the noun, while the article before the noun remains the same. For example: the child the children the dog the dogs

In Tolo, the noun itself remains unchanged but is preceded by a plural article. For example: a daki 'the woman' hira daki 'the women' a buka 'the book' hira buka 'the books'

Negative Questions Questions which have a negative in them are answered according to the sense of the question not, as in English, according to the sense of the answer. For example, the English question 'Don't you want it?' can be answered either 'Yes, I want it' or 'No, I don't want it'. The same question in Tolo Vahavei, hoe taiha ngaloa? is answered: Eo, nau taiha ngaloa 'Yes (that's right) , I don't want it', or Taiha, nau ngaloa 'No (that's wrong), I want it'. xi

Abbreviations

adj. adjective part. particle adv. adverb pI. plural demonstr. demonstrative pron. pronoun excl. exclusive prop. n. proper noun fig. figurative(ly) pron. pronoun fut. future poss. possessive imper. imperative reI. relative incl. inclusive sg. singular interr . interrogative v. verb n. noun

Explanations

subject object possesstVe

1st person

singular me my. mine dual incl. 1 we two (incl.) us our(s) dual excl. 2 we two (excl.) trial incl. we three (incl.) trial excl. we three (excl.) plural incl. we (all of us) (incl.) plural excl. we (all of us) (excl.)

2nd person

you singular you (one person) you your(s) you dual you two you trial you three you plural you (all of you)

3rd person

he. she. it he. she. it him. her. it his. her(s). its they dual they two them their(s) they trial they three they plural they (all of them)

1 inel. = including person spoken to.

2 excl. = excluding person spoken to.

This publication was the fi rst produced by means of dictionary programs devised by Malcolm Ross of the Department of Linguistics in the Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, and text formatted using 'Scribe' Document Production (Unilogic Ltd.) . Computer input and editing was undertaken by Evelyn Winburn. Output from the DEC-10 computer was on a Lasergraphix 1200. Crowley, S.S. Tolo dictionary. C-91, xiv + 129 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. DOI:10.15144/PL-C91.cover ©1986 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 1

A A line of children is coming from Logu. t a art. a. the (referring to a specific noun) . alahia v. to lead. Neni a buka This is a book. Jone alahira baka rongona hira taiha A daki ba i kolo The woman is going to dona sala John is leading the children the river. because they don't know the way. 2 a prep. of (shortened form of na) . alevia adv. frequently, often. gare a tataru man of healing. traditional Kuva alevia kore Kuva is often cross. doctor ali adj. spinning. kabikabi a kolo bank of the river. river bank. Nau e ali a makagu rongona u volavolau My eyes are spinning a interr. what? (shortened form of sava) . because I've been running. See also taviru abeabelotsi n. boil in the armpit. alihirisia v. to shake something . abeabena n. armpit. ( ) Basia alihirisia bela bela Don't shake abi n. garden area which has been cleared by the table. uprooting the undergrowth. but where trees See also vahalisia. kasilia are still left standing. alingia v. to collect in order to take abia n. to clear a garden by uprooting the somewhere. undergrowth and throwing it into rows. Nau alingira niu bau hinana kavara I'm collecting dry coconuts to make abira n. a type of round basket woven from copra. coconut fronds. alo n. 1. generic name for vines. 2. rope, ade n. a large reed around which sago palm string. leaves can be wrapped to make leaf panels to be used in house building. See also alo mitsua n. a type of wild edible berry. butobuto alopia v. to propel a canoe with a paddle ago n. work: v., to work. from the bow causing it to turn. Hoe mo ago e dou Your work is good. adj. Hamika ba ago i uta The two of us are alu eight. going to work in the garden. alunina adj. eighth. agoagona n. the way to, or how to do alusangavulu adj. eighty. something . ( ) alua n. a type of river fish with lots of Nau dona agoagona uta I know how to bones. make a garden. ago pata v. to cooperate, work together. alualu n. a necklace made with shell money and porpoise teeth. ago sai v. to work together. agosia v. to make, build. ame n. weakling. Nau dodona agosia haioko I know how to make a canoe. ameameha adj. weak by nature. ago vavaso n. style, fashion. amesi n. hope, longing, yearning. ai adv. there, that place. amesia v. to hope for, long for, yearn for. ala v. to creep over and cover (as vines or Nau amesia atigu rongona hia e ba grass spreading on the ground . me taiha mai kesa I'm longing for ) my wife because she left and hasn't Buruburu nau vasia na vula e sui e arrived back. tuturiha ala tahu neni The grass I planted last month is starting to ane anevatu n. termite. spread now. ( ) 1 anevatu n. See ane alaala (ala-ala) v. to troll for fish with bamboo and lure. angaanga adj. shiny, glittering. 2 alaala (ala-ala(na)) n. a group, moving ango adi orange. along together. a01 adv. yes. See also eo Crowley, S.S. Tolo dictionary. Tsikai ala-alana baka ni Logu ra mai C-91, xiv + 129 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. DOI:10.15144/PL-C91.1 ©1986 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 2

2 Ba mo horo arona Pita Go and sit ao adv. far away. See sauna down on Peter's lap. aomanga n. outer atmosphere. space. arona2 adv. in front of. apa (apa-apa) v. to roast food in bamboo. Tui arona ke Maria Stand in front of Hira hana ni longa ra dona apa hinia Mary. kolohau The people from the bush See also nahona know how to roast food in bamboo. 1 asa n. a type of vine used to bind canoes Vanga apa-apa e sola e hani dou and weave baskets. Food roasted in bamboo tastes good. 2 See also basa asa adv. in order that (something) doesn't (happen) , lest, so that ... not. apalania v. to forcefully throw to the T aho maia go isi tahu neni asa doho ground. sui tahanoa Bring me my knife now, Nau apalania ke Dita me sivo na gilu so that you don't lose it. I threw Dita down and she fell into the oven. asa v. to sharpen (axe, etc.). See also tsava (cf. katsua.) apoapo v. flutter. flap (wings). Manu e apoapo rapona rongona e asana n. name. ngaloa lovo The bird is flapping its Sei asamu hoe? What is your name? wings because it wants to fly. asease v. to breathe. ara n. wind from the south-east. asebona v. 1. to sigh deeply. 2. gasp or struggle for breath. arahoa v. to take care of. look after. Nau sahavia tugatuga nia rongona e Tahuna nau ba i Honiara mi nana e asebona ni mateana I feel sorry for arahoa go dalena bolo When I went that old man because he is gasping his to Honiara mother looked after my last breath. piglet. asehalaha v. to inhale, breathe in. See also beretutuhua, reitutuhua asesivo v. to exhale, breathe out. are interj. expression indicating fatigue. surprise, etc. aso n. the sun. asomate n. solar eclipse. arengana n. tree branch. asotave n. afternoon. See tave aria v. to dig. See also helia, kabia asu v. to be angry and use offensive language. swear. arikia v. to touch with fingertip anything liquid or mushy. Tom e asu vania Pita Tom swore at Peter. Nau arikia kai rongona taiha laka tsikai supuni I stuck my finger in the See also Iepo seko greens because there isn't any spoon. asuna n. gall bladder. v. aro (aromia) to face (towards) . ata adv. east, eastward. See also tada Aromiu mai Face me. Aro longa Face north. atena n. liver.

aroa 11. to make the first cut on one side of a atina n. 1. spouse (male and female) . 2. tree when felling it. wife (f. only) . 3. h usband (m. only). Nau doto aroa hai neni maka sivo i ke Maria i atina Tova Maria is Tova's kolo I'm going to make the first cut spouse. on the tree here. so that it will fall Nau atigu Bobi I am Bob's wife. into the water. Atina ke Bela Hari Bela's husband is Harry. aroaro n. a flowering tree with small white blossoms. normally found near the ate n. sago palm. seashore. atsa adj. 1. flat, smooth, level. 2. same, aromia v. See aro equal. even, alike. 1 Nauna nia e atsa dou tuhua atsi vale arona n. 1. lap (the hollow between waist and knees when sitting). 2. the whole That place is good and level to build a underpart of an animal or fish. house. 3

Tauka tsikei moi atsa, ba laka v, to go more, go further. katsitangadauka You and I are the Muria sala mo tsau na kolo pepetsi same height. mo ba laka Follow the road until you atsalia v. 1. to make level. 2. to make reach a stream and then go further. the same. make equal. balihi v, to go away, go out, get out. atsana n. level place. Balihi tania vale Get away from the atsi adj. wild. house. livona Tom bali hi sui rongona e tuga atsi (a) v. to build or construct (a house). tuga Tom's teeth have all fallen out because he's an old man. atsilahi n. celebration. 2 Hira nau atsilahi rongona sangavia ba v. 'to continue the story .. ' (used in vera sasani The{re making a pauses in story telling). celebration because of the school baba v, (indicates continued action) to keep opening. on doing something, to do something atu n. bonito. continually. Nau sove vaniho agosia baba sasaha ava v. to hover or glide. vaha nia I don't want you to be Manu e ava tohuna aomanga The bird always doing that sort of thing. is gliding far up in the sky. baba(na) n. hole, cave. See also bana(na) avinia v. to carry under the armpit. babana n, method, process, way (of doing avo (avona) adj. many. much. lots. plenty. something) . Avona vausa mai bongi Many people Vaha vei, hoe dona tsari vaniu ca me yesterday. babana agosia kei? Can you show Hoe ruhia avona niu You picked up me the way to make a basket? lots of coconuts. See also agoagona See also tohana, sola babasalau (babasaviliu) adj. continuous. avona adj. See avo langi e babasalau pi pi tahulalona e ono vula There was continuous rain avotana n. quantity, number of. for six months. Nau taiha dodona avotana gare ra mai labua Jone I don't know the babasaviliu adj. See babasalau number of men who came to beat up bahea n. shark. John. baka n, child. See also dalena avu a v. to make a mound of earth. ( ) baka daki n. girl. Ba avu pitana borona tomato Go and put some earth around the bottom of baka gare n. boy. the tomatoes. baka sasani n. student, schoolchild. Nau avua tano kumara I'm making a baka tsamu n. 1. orphan. 2. illegitimate mound for sweet potato. child. Ke Maria e baka tsamu rongona avuli(na) n. bed. nanana mai tamana rauka mate Maria is an orphan because her B parents are dead. Ke Maria e baka tsamu rongona l nanana taiha taulahi Maria is an ba v. 1. to go. illegitimate child because her mother Bili ba i Honiara Billy went to Honiara. is not married. babai v. to go all about, here and there. bakeku adj. crooked, curved, not straight. Hira bolo taiha horo lalona bara mara See also ere, kekeu, veke babai i tsukuna The pigs are not inside the fence and they're wandering baleho n. breadfruit. all about in the bush. n, bai i one v. 1. to go south. 2. to go to balo spear. the toilet (the traditional place for the baloa v, to spear, shoot with a spear. (cf. toilet being the beach, which is south). gulua) Hia atsia vale na ba i one He's balua v. to put a plug or stopper in a bottle, building a toilet house. etc. 4

balubalu n. cone-shaped plug or stopper Be beata tasi mi nau dona ba papago made of leaves. When the sea is calm I go fishing. See also tahuna bana(na) n. hole, cave. beata adj. calm, quiet (of sea). banga v. to cut a V-shape in the end of posts, especially when house building. bebe n. butterfly; moth. Na dadani hita dona berenia avona bangona n. nasal mucus, snot. bebe ra lovolovo babai In the baniave n. wall. daytime we can see lots of butterflies flying around. banoho n. a type of flat coral which looks Na bongi hita dona berenia tsikai like cement. vatana bebe ra lovolovolia kebe At night we can see moths flying around bara n. veve fence. See also the fire. bara v. to fence, put a fence arou nd . bebela v. to sit down on someone's lap Nau to ba bara go uta I'm going to cradled in his or her arms. fence my garden. Mai mo bebela sagua Come and sit See also vevea down on my lap. barahata n. heaven. paradise. Ba bebela sana Bobi Go and sit down with Bob and let him hold you. barangengo n. the world, the earth. bebere v. to watch, observe, look at. bari n. a large water frog. Nau tui mu bebere tahuna hira atsia vale sasani I stood and watched while baria v. to bite (food), take a bite. they built the school house. Tahoa haviha mo baria Take the apple and take a bite. See also bubua See also halatia beha v. to shine (of moon). Vula sola e beha dou na bongi neni basa n. bamboo used to roast food in. The moon is really shining tonight. basa v. to roast food inside bamboo. bela v. to carry or hold (especially a child) in Nau sola ngaloa bolo tahuna hira cradled arms. basa I really like pork when it's roasted in bamboo. Nau bela dalena ke Rosa I'm holding Rosa's child. See also apa belabela n. table, shelf, platform, floor. basia imper. v. don't! Basia ori Don't make a noise. belia v. to steal. belibeli n. thief, one who steals. basiana n. spare (one), extra (one). Hia gare belibeli He's a thief. Hoe dona tahoa abira nia rongona hanania basiana You can take that bengena n. corner (of a house). basket because it's a spare one. Ba horo na bengena vale Go and sit bata adj. numb. down in the corner. Nau horohoro mana tuagu e bata I've See also suhuna been sitting down and my leg feels berehila v. to recognise, identify. numb. See also rabo Nau berehila vaka nia I recognise that ship. bau adj. 1. black. 2. dirty (clothes. body). Hoe eutu 0 berehilau rongona nau Kuva e sahelia polo bau Kuva is kotia ivugu You won't be able to wearing black clothes. recognise me because I cut my hair. Ke Laua e ba vulira polo bau Laua has See also reihila (cf. karusahi) gone to wash the dirty clothes. baubau adj. black. berelaiviru v. to glance at, look at quickly, spy. Soa nia e gare baubau vaha hita He's a black man just like us. Nau berelaivirua tarake e tada i sala I spied a truck going east on the road. be adv. when. berengia (berenia) v. to see; to look at. 5

1 Nau taiha berenia Jone dani I didn't biria v. to roll and twist two strands see John today. together as in making rope. Berenia soa nia Look at him. Tahuna hoe 0 agosia katsa hoe biria alona When you're making a kalsa berengidoua v, to becaref ul. you twist the strands together. Berengidoua buka neni. laka sekolia 2 Be careful with this book. Don't spoil biria v. to rub with the hand (as one's it. eyes) . (cf. reidoua) Basia biria makamu lahuna pasapasa sahe lalona Don't rub your eye when berenia v. See berengia there's dust in it. beresavia v. to dislike (people). birori adj, slippery and wet, shiny. Nau beresavia i Jone rongona baka seko I dislike John because he's a bad birua v, 1. to twirl. 2. to twist. boy. Soa nia sola dona birua ivuna He's See also reisavia always twirling his hair. Basia birua limagu Don't twist my beretutuhua v, to look after, hold in arm. safekeeping. See also arahoa. reitutuhua bisa (bisano, bisabisa) v. to smash bete n small sticks used as upright stands in (something) because of anger, sorrow, etc. house building. Jone e kore me bisano a uvi John was betea v. to stand up small sticks while angry and smashed a yam. house building. Basia bisa a vulsi Don't smash the betea v, to stand up small sticks while banana. house building. Hia bisabisa hinia a lina e male He's smashing things because his wife died. beti n, bamboo used to roast food in, also used in house building. bisano v. See bisa beti a latse. beti a poke n. bamboo container used to hold lime for chewing bisi adj. cold. betelnut. bisibisi n. breeze, light wind. See also betsa adj. left, remaining. harahara (cf. loha) Nau hania e ono vuana vutsi me bila n. a type of flat black coral tsehe vuana e betsa I ate six bananas and five are left. bili(a) v. to bake or roast in a stone oven. bibi adj. to have a fear of heights, a fear of bitia tasi v, to calm the sea (by magic). falling (as from a log) or a fear of vehicles (that they might crash, sink, etc.) (not biti popo v. to cook in a wooden bowl. used for fear of water, closed spaces or heating contents by adding hot stones. other phobias). bit so n. hummingbird? Nau bibi a halaha na hai I have a fear of climbing trees. biu adj. sore; as v .. to hurt; n .. ache, pain. bila bilabila adj. hot. Nau e sola biu a tobagu My abdomen ( ) is sore. bilabila v. to heat (water , food, etc.). Nau e solabiu a livogu My teeth really hurt. bilana n. roe of fish, fish eggs. Nau e sola biu a lovagu I have a bilo n. water container made from fruit of headache. coconut tree. bobona n, hill, mountain. See also tetena, bina n, hornbill. tetete bingia v. to press, push against; to knead boboto adj. blistered (as from a fire burn). (food). Kolo bila e bila limagu me boboto Hot Hira daki ra bingia velevele The water burned my arm and it has women are kneading the taro. blistered. bingisaia v. to press together, boe adj. short-winded, out-of-breath. biri n, earthworm. boena n. lung. 6 boia (boiboi) v. to roll. bongi tolu Wednesday Hira baka ra sola ngaloa boiboi wili bongi vati Thursday na tarake muria sala The children bongi tsehe Friday really like rolling the truck tyre along the road. bongi ana Saturday bongi ba adv. day before yesterday, any boiboi v. See boia time in the recent (3-4 days) past. See tahu e sui boilo n. a bush tree whose fruit is used to 2 play kidi. bongi n. night. bongi neni adv. tonight: bokia v. to roll over by using a lever. l bora adj. blue, black. boko n. custom house. Vale nia a valena boko That house is a borona n. bottom. custom house. Borona kuki e sola bau The bottom of 2 the pot is very dirty. boko n. pool. puddle. borona hai n. 1. base of tree trunk. 2. langi lava e sui me sola e avo a boko stump. i sala The heavy rain is over and there are a lot of puddles in the road. borona parako n. horizon.

n. bokua n. a type of fresh water snail. bosa a skirt made of banana leaves used for work in the garden, delivering a child, l bola adJ. empty (as in a bag or box) . etc. Nau taiha tamania bua. Neni a kei bosa v. to split or crack with a knife or bola I don't have any betelnut. This stone as a coconut . See tabosa is an empty basket. ( ) boto n. a type of wild edible greens. bola2 adj. ordinary. Hia taiha tsikai gare taovia. Hia gare botsa V. to be born. bola He's not a chief. He's an Ngisa dalemu e botsa? When was ordinary person. your child born? l bola adv. without rea�on, without thinking. botsi adJ. wet. Hira baka sasani ra lua bola isi i botsilia v. to make wet. tsukuna The schoolchildren just left langi botsilia pologu The rain made the knife in the bush. my clothes wet. 2 bola adv. by itself with nothing added, bua n. betelnut. plain. bua labusia v. to be high on betelnut. Nau ta ngaloa hania bereti tavalia batao Nau ngaloa hani bola bereti I Bua labusia soa nia He's high on don't want to eat bread with butter. I betelnut. want to eat plain bread. buabua n. keloid (raised) scars created by a puncture of the s in. bole(a) v. to dream about. k Nau bolea veragu bongi I dreamt buabualele n. an old traditional game. about my home yesterday. n. bolebole n. dream. vision. bubu canvas fish. bolebole seko n. nightmare. bad dream. bubua (bubutia) V. to observe, watch, look at. boli v. to transfer. relocate, move (to a new place . Nau horohoro mu ngaloa bubutira ) gilio I'm sitting and enjoying watching boliboli n. luggage. baggage. the porpoises. boliu n. type of edible greens. See also bebere l bolo n. pig. See kavi(na) . toko bubuleha adv. aimlessly. 2 Nau u lela bubuleha I wandered bolo n. See masahena bolo aimlessly. bongil adv. l yesterday. bubusu n. whale. See also vavilso bongi tsikai Monday bongi ruka Tuesday bubutia V. See bubua 7

Buka Tabu n. Bible. buri n. an itchy skin condition characterised by small pimples. e.g. scabies. bukea v. to make the second cut on the opposite side when felling a tree. buruburu n. grass. buruburu seko n. weed. bukena n. back (of humans. animals. etc.) Bukegu e biu My back aches. busa v. to break bamboo with a stone in order to split it. See also tabusa, voa bukena vale n. outside roof of a house. busina n. sap of tree. leaf or plant. bule (bulebule) adj. 1. crazy. insane. 2. stupid. 3. naughty. busuka v. to extend. bulebuleha adj. 1. stupid. 2. naughty. Nau koe vanira gare ra atsi vale ra busuka vale maka katsi I told the bulesia v. to fool. trick. men who are building the house to Hia koea tamani bua lalona kei me extend it and make it longer. bulesiu He said he had betelnut in his bag but he fooled me. busule n. grater used to make traditional pudding. See also hiri See also pegua, tsoa(lia) bus una busubusuna n. piece. part. buli bulibuli n. pI. sea shells. ( ) ( ) Hoe ho tahoa mo busuna vutsi mi bulo v. to (go) back. (come) back. nau go busuna Take your half of the Kangisa hoe doho bulo? When will banana and I'll have half. you be back? See also tabana, nauna See visu butai n. eagle. See also tsatsa bulovia v. to go back for. Nau bulovia go kei. Nau lua i vale buti n. a type of tree used to make canoes. I'm going back for my bag. I left it at the house. butoa v. to chase (after) . Hira kau ra butoa bolo atsi The dogs bulu n. any kind of light or lamp. especially chased the wild pig. one made of the sap of the bulu ngali tree. 1 butobuto n. 1. a type of reed used to sew bulua v. to shine a light on. leaf panels. 2. a type of shrub commonly Hira baka ra bulura kili The children found in villages and gardens. are shining a light on the crabs. butu kabana v. to kick the lower part of 2 bulua v. glue. someone's body. Nau bulua haiko rongona e potsa I glued the canoe because it had a hole. butulia v. to step on (top of) . Laka butulia buruburu. Nau gesa buluka n. cow. cattle. vasia Don't step on the grass. I just planted it. bulumitsua n. honeybee. bulungali n. 1. a tree whose sap is burned D to make a traditional light. 2. the sap of this tree. dadani n. daylight. daytime. See also dani Hira baka ra tahoa bulungali hinia marara, dani mataba bulubulu The children are getting bulungali for a light. dai adv. may be. bulusaia v. to connect. join. daka v. will (indicates fut. tense. 3sg) . Bobi daka mai dani ba Bob will come bunguna n. the thigh. later today. bungutia v. to watch. look at. See also bubua daki (daki lavalava) n. woman. daki laka n. nice-looking woman. pretty bunia v. to fold. woman. Bunia pepa ka ruka tahuna Fold this dakina adj. female. paper twice. Nau go kusi e dakina My cat is a female. bunibuni adj. wrinkled (clothes. but not skin) . (cf. kabe) daki tsamu n. 1. widow. 2. spinster. Ke Maria e daki tsamu rongona atina 8

matelua Maria is a widow because dani neni adv. today. her husband is dead. daosangava 11. Ke Bela e daki tsamu rongona hia twelve-strings shell money. taiha laka taulahi Bela is a spinster dara v. will (indicates fut. tense, 3pl). because she's never married. date v. will (indicates fut. tense, 1pl. all of dala v. to fend off (another's blow). us, including person spoken to). Tina hia ka sukulia lovamu mi hoe dala If he punches your head, you dato v. will (indicates fut. tense, 1sg). See must fend him off. also doto

daledale(m) 11. newly-born animal. datuka v. will (indicates fut. tense, 1pl, you Nau berenia e avo daledalena bolo I and I). saw a lot of new-born piglets. daua v. to catch (as a ball). dalemaka(na) 11. pupil and iris of the eye. Tahuna nau to suia bolo mi hoe doho daua When I throw the ball, you dalena 11. 1. child (of specific person). 2. catch it. offspring. Hoe dalena sei? Whose child are you? dauaro 11. kingfish. Sei dalemu hoe? Who is your child? daudaumanu 11. a type of snake which Kusi nia e tamanina avona dalena preys on fowl. That cat has many offspring. daula 11. frigate bird. See also baka dalena daki 11. daughter. dava v. to slap. dalena gare 11. son. Nau dava ke Anna rongona hia e· belia go mavuru I slapped Anna dalu 11. bailer for canoe. because she stole my tobacco. daluvia v. to bail out (cano e). davi 11. quarter moon-shaped mother-of­ dama adj. wide, broad. See also naba pearl pendant worn by men. dami v. to chew betelnut with lime and leaf. de adv. here it is, here take this. (d. oda oda) De, mo kumara Here. take your sweet potato. damodamo v. See damolia deia v. to fill up. See also vonulia damolia (damodamo) v. to wash the face. Ba damolia makana dalemu Go wash dio (diodio) v. to jump. your child's face. Kusi e dio tohuna bela bela The cat Nau damolia makagu pi piroporopo I jumped onto the table. wash my face every morning. Hira ra dio sivo i kolo They jumped Nau damodamo tahu neni I·m washing into the water. my face now. See also hiehie, vuvu v. damu v. will (indicates fut. tense, 2pl). diovia to jump on, pounce on. Hamu baka damu taho mai niu Kusi e berenia kui me diovia The cat karopo You children will bring some saw a lizard and pounced on it. coconuts tomorrow. dive (divesia) v. to take food out of the gilu dani 11. 1. day. 2. daylight: adv., today. (stone oven). Katsikai dani nau doto tsau Honiara Hira daki ra divesia vanga rongona e One day I'll go to Honiara. kidi va so The women took the food Dani soba tsikainina tahu nau out of the oven because it's cooked berenia valemu Today is the first now. time I've seen your house. divesia v. See dive dani ba adv. later today. doe 11. type of freshwater snail. See also dani marara 11. daylight. See also dadani leve dani mataba 11. daylight. dokidoki v. See dokilia dani (na) botsa (dani (na) laba) 11. birthday. dokilia (dokidoki) v. to nibble bait. Dani si neni dani nau botsa Today is T sikei hahano e dokidoki A fish is my birthday. nibbling the bait. 9 dola v. to ask for . request. E Nau dola vanga rongona nau vitolo I'm asking for food because I'm e pron. 1. it. 2. predicate marker for he. hungry. she; similar to Pijin i, used only for past dolavia v. to ask for from another. tense. Nau dolovia Bobi a kumara I asked Vaha vei, vaka mai? Eo, e mai vase Bob for some sweet potato. I asked Has the ship come? Yes, it has come for some sweet potato from Bob. already. See also nokia He i go finis. His e ba vase He has already gone. doli n. a type of snake. eba n. mat. doma(na) n. 1. brother-in-law. 2. (sometimes) sister-in-law. ee adv. yes. Pita, hia i nau domagu Peter is my brother-in-law. ei interj. used to express pain, grief, etc. See also lahina eno v. to lie down. domia 11. to kiss. Nau doto ba eno rongona nau kabuli I'm going to lie down because I'm Nau berenia ruka baka, rauka tired. vaidomi I saw two children kissing each other. See also mono See also mutsua eo adv. yes. See also ao dona (donadona) v. 1. to know. 2. can, to ere adj. crooked, not straight. See also be able to. know how to. 3. to be in the bakeku, kekeu, veke habit of. Nau dodona hinia gare nia I know that eutu v. unable (to), cannot. man. Nau eutu sulua hai neni rongona e Nau dona agosia abira I know how to maya I can't lift (or I'm unable to lift) make a basket. this stick because it's heavy. Hia sola dona kore He's always cross. eutu pitsu adv. 1. never. 2. be impossible. doroko adj. completely blind. Langi eutu pitsu ka mai The rain will never come. Makana gogosi e doroko pitsu The old woman is completely blind. Hia eutu pitsu daka mai It's impossible for him to come. See also kisu eutusia v. 1. stop, prevent. 2. block. doto v. will (indicates fut. tense, lsg). See also dato Langi e eutusiu a ba i kolo The rain prevented me from going to the river. dou adj. 1. good. 2. right, correct. proper. Nau talua bus una hai neni rongona 3. kind, gentle. nau loana eutusia sala I'm putting Vanga hani dou The food tastes good. this stick here because I want to block Polo nia e tuhu dou That clothing fits the road. properly. See utusia, suhutia Jone e gare dou. Hia palara baka eve adj. grown out of shape, misshapen pipi tahu John is a kind man. He (especially cocon uts and betel nuts). always feeds the children. Tsikai vuana bua neni e eve vaha dou liusia adj. better (than). vuana vutsi One of these betel nut Valemu e dou liusira pipi vale Your fruits here is shaped like a banana. house is better than every other house. dou sobal adv. 1. alright, fine, o.k. dou soba2 conj. although, even though. Dou soba tina hia e taiha mai dani, tau ka dona atsia vale donidauka Even though he didn't come today, you and I can build the house ourselves. duduruna n. joints in the body (especially knuckles, toe joints, elbows and ankles). 10

G Bobi. mai garua bukegu Bob, come scratch my back. galu n. small fish-net made from habe. used Kusi e garutsia tuagu The cat for river fishing. scratched my leg. galua v. to catch fish with this traditional garugaru v, to scratch an itch. fishing net. Nau garugaru rongona mamala a konigu gama v. to mend or repair (as in clothes). I'm scratching because my body is itchy. garavu n. a tribal line known as the Big 2 Line. garusia v. See garua 2 garutsia v. See garua gare (gare lavalava) n. 1. man. 2. person. human being. gasagasa(na) n. 1. foam (especially of soap Hia e gare e taiha daki He's a man. or. sea) . 2. bubbles in liquid when it is not a woman. stirred. Taiha laka tsikai gare ka mai Not a single person came. gata v. to mash food. gare a mana n. traditional doctor or Hami gata kake mana tsela i lalona healer. tabili We mashed taro and nuts in a tabili. gare a tataru n. traditional doctor. man who has healing powers. See also tutuku n. 1 gare hanoha middle-aged man, mature gatu n. pimple, acne. man. Sola e avo a gatu makana Jone gare kabukabu n. chief. big man who rongona hia baka uluvao vata John would traditionally give large feasts. has a lot of pimples on his face gare lehai n. a man who is believed to because he's still a teenager. have power to control the weather. 2 gatu n. gare mala daki n. effiminate man. seashell armlet. garena adj. male. gau n. a type of coral which has fi ne points. Kau nia e garena That dog is a male. gavugavuna n. See gavuna gare tsamu n. 1. widower. 2. bachelor. Soa nia e tsamu rongona atina e gavuna (gavugavuna) n. white foam. mate He's a widower because his wife Bolo nia hira ra rongoa mana is dead. gavugavuna mangana e rutsu They Soa nia e gare tsamu rongona hia e strangled that pig and foam came out sove laka taulahi He's a bachelor of its mouth. because he hasn't wanted to get married . gegele(a) v. to peep, peer (at). gare velevele n. veleman. a man who is James e gegelea ke Susana tahuna thought to have magic powers usually hia leleso James peeped at Susana used in an evil way. while she was bathing. garia v. 1. to scrape. 2. to chafe, rub. gegerena n, 1. side of body, hip. 2. side (of Nau garia borona kuki rongona vanga ship, etc.). e vuru i ai I'm scraping the bottom of Ke Mela e luvabaka na gegerena Mela the pot because food is stuck to it. is carrying the child in a cloth on her Tarasesegu e botsi me garia hip. kakabagu My shorts (trousers) are Gegerena vaka e potsa The side of the wet and chafing my thigh. ship has a hole. garo adj. skinny, thin. gena v. to point out (by words, not actions). Jone gena tsika gare e mai John garoa v, to scratch or dig with claws or nails. pointed out that someone was coming. Nau garoa limagu rongona mamala gesa adv. just (recently), a moment ago. I'm scratching my arm because it's Mateo e gesa mai Matthew just came. itchy. 1 gilio II. porpoise. garua v. to mend or repair (as in clothes). 2 gilu n. 1. stone oven. 2. hole dug in the garua (garusia. garutsia) tJ. to scratch ground. with c)aws or nails. 11

Hira daki ra bitia vanga na gilu The govugovu n. a tree with small white women are baking food in the oven. blossoms found near the seashore. Nau helia gilu a kolo I'm digging a well. gulua v. to spear without letting the spear fly. cf. baloa gilua v. to bury. ( ) gilugilu n. a grave. gululu n. low rumbling thunder. gisi v. to be fed up with, tired of. gurara n. volcano. Nau gisi ago na uta I'm tired of working in the garden. H Nau gisi hinia baka nia rongona hia e baka hosohoso I'm fed up with that habana n. frond of coconut tree. See also child because he's so lazy. sarana See also hososata habe n. a type of vine. go poss. adj. my (used only with nouns which are alienable, such as cat, book). habu atu n. freckle, mole. gogosi n, old woman. habuha v. to bleed. gola adj. raw, uncooked. Limagu habuha rongona nau kala hinia isi My hand is bleeding because golegole n. gravel. I cut it with a knife. See also rio, tsatsara goli adj. weak (as in human physical condition) . habu(na) n. blood. Nau vavano dani popono mu sola u Hira ra baloa tsikai gare velevele mi goli I walked all day long and I'm hia mono tavalia bokona habuna really feeling weak now. They speared a veleman and he lay See also maluku down in a pool of blood. gora adj, bruised (as skin or fruit) . habui n. a t¥pe of vine (used to tie up Nau gora limagu rongona Para e sticks, etc.). hinitiu My arm is bruised because hado n. shell money generic name . Para pinched me. ( ) hadoa v. 1. to cut, prick. 2. to strike, hit goragora n. a type of yellow-leaved shrub. (what one is aiming for, as in a target). gorere v. to rustle (as dry leaves) . Nau volavolau mana vatu hadoa T sikei maleho e gorere lalona tsukuna tuagu I was running and a stone cut Something is making a rustling noise my foot. in the bush. Nau taiha sahelia butu mana karuna moli e hadou I'm not wearing shoes gorogororo v, to make a noise like a cat and a thorn from the orange tree purring or water rippling over stones. pricked me. Kusi e sola mahe The cat is purring Jou e baloa bolo me hadoa Joe because he's content. speared the pig and hit it. See also labua, sudua gotia (gotigoti) v, to pick up rubbish, etc. a nd throw away. hahala 71 . a large snake found in the bush. gotigoti v, See gotia hahano n. generic name for fish. gotso n, mud. See also kotso hai n. tree. stick. gou adj. deep (as in hole, river. etc.). See hai na kebe n. firewood. also namo haioko n. a dugout canoe. (cf. tiola) haipirivavala n. a log which is lying goulonga n. harbour, bay. across something and suspended above the ground. gouna n. harbour, bay. Nau u tete tohuna haipirivavala i kolo govu adj. immature. unripe (especially of mu ba i tabana I walked across the nuts) . log over the river and went to the Hoe pitsua tsela nia e govu vata You other side. picked that nut and it's still unripe. hai tapetapeha n. flat stick (like a board) . 12

haitiola n. a type of tree used for making hamitou pron. 1. we (three). 2. us canoes. (three) (excluding the person spoken to). haiulu n. pillow (especially traditional pron. wooden one). See also pela hami sui See hami haivoha n. a tree whose bark can be hamu (hamu sui) pron. you (pi). all of you. chewed (like chewing gum or toffee): it hamuka pron. you (two). smells and tastes like sarsaparilla or root beer. hamutolu (hamutou) pron. you (three). hana rei. pron. who. whose. which. that haila v. to shout. yell. call out to. (used to introduce subordinate clause). Nau haila Jone ka mai I yelled for John to come. Kavua nia baka daki hana tamana e mate She is the girl whose father Hia haila vaniu me koea nau to ba He died . shouted for me to go. Soa nia a gare hana e lepolepo na hala v. to bite (as fish biting a hook). redio He is the man who talks on the Hahano taiha ngaloa hala The fish radio. don't want to bite. Hana hira si nia kulikuli nau vasia Those are the flowers which I planted . halaha v. 1. to go up. ascend. rise. 2. to climb. hananeni pron. this one. Bereti e tuturiha halaha The bread is Nau ta ngaloa hanania. Nau ngaloa starting to rise. hananeni I don't want that one. I Hia dona halaha niu He knows how to want this one. climb a coconut tree. hanania pron. that one. (na)halahala n. enemy. Soa nia naugo halahala He is my hana sava (hanani veil interr. which one. enemy. Hana sava si hoe 0 pad a e utuni? Ke Kubo mai nau hamika Which one do you think is true? vaihalahavihi Kubo and I are Hanani vei hira gare nia? Which men enemies. are those? Hanani vei daka ba? Which one will halamane adJ. barren. infertile. unable to go? have children. hani v. to taste. halatia v. to bite. Hola uvihai e sola hani dou Tapioca Kau e halatia bolo atsi The dog bit the pudding really tastes good. wild pig. Bili e halatiu bongi mi nau ngara Billy hania v. 1. to eat. consume. 2. to burn. bit me yesterday and I cried. consume. (cf. baria) Hira baka ra hania kumara The 1 children were eating sweet potato. halavia v. to be hostile or unfriendly Kebe hania limagu The fire burned my toward. hand. Domi e halavia Pita. Hia sove See also kuta tsatsangi ovea hia Domi is unfriendly towards Peter. He refuses hanoha adj. ripe. mature. ready for harvest. to play with him. Kumara hanoha tahuna e rara rauna 2 halavia v. to climb. Sweet potato is ready to harvest when it sheds its leaves. Ba halavia niu nia Go and climb that cocon ut tree. See also mada

halisia t'. to rouse from sleep. wake haova n. a long-necked. long-legged coastal someone up. bird. Ba halisira baka. Belo a sasani e harahara n. 1. air. 2. breeze. small wind. tangi Go and wake up the children. See also bisibisi (cf. loha The school bell is ringing. ) (cf. rarai) haranga n. wild duck. hami (hami sui) pron. 1. we. 2. us (all of haravia ad/I. 1. almost. nearly. about. 2. us. excluding the person spoken to). near to. close to. beside. hamika pron. 1. we (two). 2. us (two) Nau haravia onioni to ba l'm almost (excluding the person spoken to). ready to go. 13

Bereti e haravia kidi The bread is hatsuvia v. See hatsu nearly done. Nau horo haravia ke Goni I'm sitting hau n. 1. bamboo. 2. panpipe made of close to Goni. bamboo. See also lihina havai n. dance; v., to dance. hari n. a medium-sized shell fish found in haviha n. wild apple. both fresh and salt water. havitia v. to close, shut (especially a door). harihariri v. to shiver, shake. Havitia matsapa Shut the door. Nau harihariri rongona u bisi I'm (cf. von goa ) shivering because I'm cold. havo v. to shed or moult skin (as a snake). harika pron. 1. we (two). 2. us (two) (excluding person spoken to). havona n. the shed skin of a snake, etc. Hira sui a mata ra dona havo. sui hariri v. to be excited. mara lua havora mara ba All snakes Nau sola hariri rongona nau doto shed their skin and then leave the skin taulahi karopo I'm really excited behind. because I'm going to be married 1 tomorrow. hele ad]'. 1. clean (as in body). 2. light­ skinned (people). See also male. sere haru (haruvia) v. to move, move close to. hele2 adv. where. wherever. Horo haruvia peleti tahuna hoe 0 kuta Move close to your plate while Hele hoe 0 ba nau doto muriho you are eating. Wherever you go I will follow you. Haru ba tania matsapa Move out of Vei a hila? Hila e horo na hele hira the doorway. agosia uta The axe is where they're making a garden. Haru ba buka nia, Nau ngaloa horo i ai Move that book. I want to sit Ba i tohu na hele hira atsia vale down there. sasani Go up to where they're building the school house. See also hatsu helia v. to dig. haruka pron. you two. Hira daki ra helia uvi tahuneni The haruvia v. See haru women are digging up yams now. Hira gare ra helia giluna kekeve The hasahasa adv. softly, low (as someone men dug a toilet pit. speaking). See also aria. kabia hasile n. an eye disease which can cause hete (hetehete) v. to crawl (as a snake). blindness - cataracts? Berengia mata lava e hete na H�sile tsaulia makagu I have cataracts arengana hai Look at that big snake In my eye. crawling on the tree branch. haso(na) n. rafter of a roof. (cf. tagutagu) hatsiho n. a type of vine used to tie up hetia v. to bite off the husk of betelnut. sticks, etc. hetsia v. to have sexual intercourse with hatsira(nal n. sago palm leaf used in (not polite). building houses. See also hinavana hevohevoha adj. peeling, flaking. See also hatsoha n. small Canarium nut (nali nut). kevukevuha. tarakevu hatsu (hatsuvia) v. to move. hia pron. 1. he, she. 2. him, her. Hami dami hatsu ba na vale vaolu na Hia daki lavalava She is a woman. vula muri We're going to move to the Nau Iepo vania hia I'm speaking to new house next month. him. See also haru See also kavua. soa hatsu halaha v. to move up, raise up. hiasa rongona adv., adverbial phrase, hatsu sivoa v. to lower, move down, therefore, so, that's why, that's the reason, reduce (price, etc.). because of that. Gare na sitoa e hatsu sivoa matena Kuva bitia bereti; hiasa rongona e polo The storekeeper has reduced the price of clothing. 14

hani dou Kuva baked the bread: hita pron, 1. we. 2. us (all of us, including that's why it tastes good. the person spoken to). Limagu takubu, hia sa rongona eutu hitsia v. 2. to ago My arm is broken. therefore I 1. to scrub. to clean, brush cannot work. (teeth). Hira daki ra hitsia bukena kuki i kolo hiehie v. to dive, jump. The women are scrubbing the pots at Hira baka ra hiehie i kolo The children the river. are jumping into the river. Nau hitsia livogu pipi dani I brush my See also dio, vuvu teeth every day. See also hutsuria hila n. axe. See also kilekile, matau, rarati hoai n. mango. hila v. to name, say the name of. pron. Vaha vei, hoe dona hila hai nia? Can hoe (ho) you (sg). you name that tree? hoho n, a traditional drum. See also koko E tabu a hila vavinegu I am not allowed to say the name of my sister. hohoho v. surf. surfing. hima n. type of large saltwater clam. hohola(na) n. beam of a house. hinana1 poss. pron, his. hers. hola n. traditional pudding. which can be made with tapioca. banana, taro, etc. Kei neni a hinana hia This bag is hers. See Appendix A. holona n. pubic hair. 2 hinana prep. for. of. belonging to ( noun). hora v. to burn off hairs or feathers. Hira niu neni hinana kavara These Hami hora bolo We're burning the hair coconuts are for copra. off this pig.

hinana kuta adj. edible. horia v. to scrape the outer bark from a tree. hinava(na) n. sago palm leaf panel used in building houses. See also hatsirana Ba horia hai na tivi Go and scrape the bark off for a tivi. hinia prep. 1. with. 2. about. of. 1 concerning. horo v. 1. to reside, live. 2. remain. stay. Nau kala hai hinia isi I cut the tree Nau horo na vera pepetsi I live in a with a knife. small village. Linge neni hira linge hinia maurina Nau to ba konigu. Hoe horo You sau In this song they're singing about stay. I'm going by myself. life in the past. 2 horo v. to be. hinihini v, See hinitia Kusi horo tohuna hohola The cat is on top of the beam. hinitia (hinihini) v. to pinch (with thumb 3 and forefinger J. horo v. to sit (down). 1 horo hoto v. 1. to sit down straight. sit hira pron. they. up straight. 2. to be balanced. Hira ra ba i Honiara They went to Baka, hamu horo hoto Children, sit up Honiara. straight. hira2 arl. the (definite plural marker). Popo taiha horo hoto tohuna belabela Hira baka ra tsatsangi The children The bowl is not balanced on the shelf. are playing. horo katso v. to sit still, to be still. horo sivo v. to sit down. hira neni demonstr. pron, these. horo tuitui v. to squat. hira nia demonsir. pron. those. horobala v. to be idle. do nothing. hiri n, a grater used to make traditional pudding. See also busule horohoro tsikei dalli adverbial phrase, 'once upon a time'. hi ria t', to grate. Hira daki ra hiria uvihai The women horuhoru n. a type of lizard. are grating tapioca. hoso adj. lazy. unwilling. I J 15

Soa nia baka hosohoso He's a very hulina n. 1. skin of man. 2. skin of fr uit. 3. lazy boy. bark of tree. Nau hoso ba ago I'm unwilling to go to work. hulita n. octopus. hososata adj. tired of. humina n. beard. See also ngolangolana Nau hososata berenia makamu pipi hura v. to wash away. wash out. dani I'm tired of seeing your face Kolo Alivahato e hura avona uta The every day. Alivahato River washed away many See also gisi gardens. hotia (hotihoti) v. to climb and cut huru n. a shallow. rocky spot in a river branches off a tree. where the water is running swiftly. hotihoti v. hotia huruvotu n. land breeze. 1 hot0 n. a weed-like grass which grows in husu (husuvia) v. to look for. search for. clumps. Hira husuvi katolu They are looking for hot02 adj. even. level. straight. the three of us. Hotovana e taiha hoto The line is not husuve n. rat. straight. Ruka tuhuru nia e taiha hoto Those hutsuria v. to scrub. two posts are not level. Tahuna hoe doho leleso moho hotosia v. 1. to put in order. straighten. hutsuridoua tuamu When you go to correct. 2. to arrange. direct. bathe. scrub your feet well. Ba hotosira buka Go and put those See also hitsia books in order. Go and straighten out hutu v. to go to fetch water. draw water. those books. Hira daki ra ba hutu kolo i vuravura Hotosia hotovana nia Straighten that The women went to draw water at the line. spring. Nau doto ba hotosia a vuli I'm going to straighten (make) the bed. hutuvahi v. to have diarrhoea. Kuva daka hotosia lepolepo Kuva will Nau hutuvahi e tolu a dani I've had direct the meeting. diarrhoea for three days. See also rutsurutsu, tavetoba hotovana n. a line. row. hotuhotu adj. arrogant. proud. See also kaekae 1 1 hotuna n. waist. i arl. an article sometimes used before nouns and pronouns other than feminine hovahova v. to sweat. perspire. names. e.g. i Bobi. I nau. i dalena. (cf. ke) hovahovana n. sweat. perspiration. 2 Hia savula hovahovana lovana He i prep. in. at. to. wiped the sweat on his head. Hia e horo i Merika He lives in America. hue n. rattan (Ioea ken). Kotse hia sasani i T enaru Kotse goes to school at Tenaru. huhuna n. 1. claw of bird or animal. 2. fingernail. toenail. Ke Maria e ba i Pure Pure Maria went Hira kusi ra tamania huhura Cats to Pure Pure. have claws. See also na4 Hita gare tu tamania huhuda We adv. people have fingernails. i ai there. in that place. See tsavena, kakauna Lua i ai Leave it there. See also nia1 huli n. any traditional medicine made from the bark of a tree. igisia 11. to shake slightly. wobble (something which is stationary). hulihulia v. to assa ult. Laka igisia bela bela. Nau mamare Hira tsika ono gare ra dioviu mara Don't shake the table. I'm writing. hulihuliu Six men jumped on me and assaulted me. 16

igo n. a hook for plucking fr uit, etc. K ilena n. an echo. ka v. will (indicates fut. tense, 3sg). ilia v. to mock or tease by shouting at. Ezi daka rnaikaropo Ezi will come Hira baka ra ilia ke Maria rnetsoho tomorrow. The children mocked Maria and she langi eutu ka rnai It will not rain. ran away. See also patsua kabe adj. wrinkled (skin). Gogosi nia e kabe a rnakana That old inu (inuvia) v. to drink. woman has a wrinkled face. Inuvia kolo nau palaho Drink the water (cf. bunibuni I'm giving you. ) Nau sola ngaloa inu I really want a kabena n. that part of the old fruit (yam, drink. I'm really thirsty. taro. etc.) used for planting and from whence a new shoot comes out. inuvia v. See inu kabia v. to dig. See also aria, helia i pita! adv. outside. Sivo rnai i pita Come outside. kabikabi n. slope, incline. E sola rodo rni nau haravia puka na i pita2 adv. down, on the bottom. kabikabi It was very dark and I Hia tarnaninaruk a soba livona i pita almost fell down the slope. He has only two teeth on the bottom. kabikabi a kolo n. river bank. iringahi v. to struggle to get free. kabokabo n. young shoot of taro. Nau velesia dalena kusi rni hia iringahi taniu I held the kitten and he kabona n. new shoot of taro, banana. struggled to get away from me. kabu n. feast. isi n. knife. Hira i Kidivoroa ra kabu i bongi The people of Kidivoroa had a feast isuna n. 1. nose. 2. point of land , yesterday. peninsula. kabuli adf tired . isuvana n. pointed end of knife, pencil. rope, etc. kadora n. possum. itona n. core or heart of fruit. kaekae1 adj. arrogant, proud. See also hotuhotu itsi itsikolo n. dragonfly. kaekae2 adj. shallow, not deep (as water). itsu (itsurnia) v. 1. to cou nt. 2. to read. Mai, rno itsurnia avotana niu You kai n. generic name for commonly found come and count the number of edible greens (kabis) . coconuts. kai putsi n. most commonly fo und greens Nau itsurnia Buka Tabu I'm reading (deke) . the Bible. kai taga n. taro leaves (a type of edible See also tsokoa greens). itsurnisaia v. to add, count up (toget her). kaitia v. to scrape the inside of a hollow object. to hollow out. itsu visu v. to count back(wards). Nau kaitia vuana niu rnauagosia bilo itsurnia v. See itsu I'm hollowing out the coconut to make a water container. ituhuna n. eye of the yam. used for planting. kaka n. father (vocative). (cf. tarnana) ivuna n. 1. hair of man. 2. fur of animals. kakabana n. thigh (especially the front). 3. feathers of birds. kakai1 adj. difficult, hard (to do). E sola kakai vaniu to taleha vaniho It's very hard for me to show you. kakai2 adj. lazy. Gare nia e sola ba e kakai seko That man is very lazy. 17

kakaina n. the mid rib of a soft leaf such as kamakasi n. cousin. kai or banana. See also kumana Soa nia i nau go kamakasi He is my cousin. kakaiso v. 1. to limp. 2. to hop on one foot. kangai n. praying mantis. kakake n. swamp taro. kangana n. a type of palm timber used as kakatu adj. middle-aged. flooring. kakauna n. finger. toe. kanu adj. startled. Berenia daki nia, limana e vati soba Nau novotia Jone mi hia e kanu I kakauna Look at that woman. she came upon John unawares and he was has only four fingers. startled. Gare nia, tuana e tolu soba kakauna 1 That man has only three toes. kapi n. bamboo tongs used to take hot kakauna tate gare n. index finger. stones out of the oven. kapia v. to pick up with tongs. kakava v, to scrape tau mana in preparation for making. a traditional 'ice cream'. kapi2 adj. to be stuck. bogged down. caught. kakave n. grandmother. Tuagu e kapi lalona gotso My foot is sunk into the mud. kake n. taro. See also kara kala (kalano) v. to cut (as with a knife) . chop. kapikapi n. bamboo strips used to fasten Nau kala tuagu hinia isi I cut my leg leaf walls. with a knife. kapitsi n. a type of salt-water shellfish. kalahai v. to carry on the shoulder. kapitsia v. to catch between two objects. kalakala n. beach. coast. Ruka vatu kapitsia tuagu My foot is caught between two objects. kalaku n. 1. pandanus tree. 2. traditional rain cover or mat made from the pandanus. kapitsotsoha adj. 1. cramped. crowded. 2. cramped . narrow. kalano v. See kala Hami sola mi avo mana vale e kapitsotsoha There are a lot of us in kalatsua v. to fall off. come off. break off. the house and it's crowded. Katsamu e sola lava me haravia Sala e sola kapitsotsoha mana tarake kalatsua Your skirt is too big. l1's eutu ka ba The road is very narrow almost falling off. and the truck cannot get by. Wili na tarake e kalatsua The wheel of the truck ca me off. kapitsu adj. to be broken under stress (as a net. string. fishing line. etc.). kalia v. 1. to carve. cut out. 2. to cut Bahea e hala mana habe kapitsu The (especially coconuts for drinking) . shark bit the hook and the line broke. Gare nia e sola dona kalia haioko That man really knows how to carve a See also tapitsu canoe. kaporaka(sia) v. to open up. unfold. Ba kalia niu mi nau to inuvia Go and Kaporakasia limamu Open up your cut a coconut for me to drink. hand. See also katsua Hira sagana hai ra kaporaka pipi lolongana The flowers on the trees kalikeba n. noose. circlet of rope. etc. open up every morning. sometimes used to climb coconut trees . ( ) See voravora kalina n. tail. kapukua v. to clutch in the fist. hold in the Kau nia e viruvirua kalina That dog is hand with closed fi ngers. wagging its tail. ' kara v. to be caught or entangled in kalopia v. to wave to someone to call them. something. beckon. Vuho e kara na borona namo The Tisa kalopira baka ra mai The teacher fishing net is caught on the bottom of beckoned the children to come. the ocean. See also soloa 18

kara kokonona v. to bechoking because katsa v. to whittle, cut off little bits (of something is caught in the throat. wood) with a knife. Kauna hahano e kara kokonona Jone John is choking on a fishbone. katsa(na) n. traditional bark skirt for women (pronunciation of ts is often the karabosa v. to hatch. burst open. same as in 'cats', rather than the usual ch Tolu koluna manu ra karabosa na sound) . lolongana dani Three eggs hatched katsi adj. 1. long. 2. tall. this morning. Alo neni e sola katsi This rope is very See also ovia long. karisia (karikari) v. to peel with a knife. Gare nia e sola katsi That man is very shell. etc. tall. Nau doto ba karisia kumara i kolo I'm Hai neni e sola katsi This tree is very going to peel the sweet potatoes at tall. the river. katsitana n. 1. length. 2. height. karo n. a type of plant. ka tsikai dani adv. some day. karoa v. to break, snap (stick. etc.). See Ka tsikai dani nau doto visu I'll be also kubua back some day. adv. karokarona limana n. elbow. ka tsikai tahu some time. Ka tsikai tahu nau doto maia karokarona tuana n. knee. See also berengiho I'll come and see you tuturuna sometime karopo adv. tomorrow. katsua v. 1. to carve. 2. to sharpen . (stick, etc.). karotsili(na) n. a feast held in honour of an old person (before they die). Gare nia sola dona kat sua popo That man really knows how to carve karuna n. thorn (as of an orange tree). wooden bowls. karukaruha adj. thorny. Katsua hai neni maka lia balo Sharpen this stick so that it becomes a spear. karusahi v. to be unable to recognise or See also kalia (cf. asa, tsava identify. ) katsukatsuha adj. to have a sharp point. Nau karusahi I don't recognise it. Hai neni e sola katsukatsuha This Nau karusaniho I don't recognise you. stick has a really sharp point. (cf. berehila, reihila) 1 kau n. dog. kasikasia 1'. See kasilia kau2 v. to stick to, cling to. kasilia (kasikasia) v. to shake. Vuana buruburu e kau na pologu The Basia kasilia poroporona sigareti burrs in the grass stuck to my clothes. Don't shake the packet of cigarettes. See also lago Kasikasia hai maka puka vuana Shake the tree to make the fruit fa ll down. kauli hotona n. spine, backbone. See also alihirisia kauna n. bone. See also sulina kasina n. (m.). sibling sister (f.), brother kautia v. to hook, put on a hook. (m. and f.). cousin (m. and t.); also used as kasi 'friend'. Hia kautia biri na salili He put a worm on the hook. kasina daki n. sister. kasina gare n. brother. kauva n. a type of flowering plant. katolu (katou) pron. 1. we three. 2. us kavara v. to make copra. three (including the person spoken to). kavi na n. female pig which has borne (l ) katou pron. See katolu of spring. See also bolo (cf. toko) katsa adj. any. kavoa n. small wild bamboo. Vaha vei? Katsa gare moi ka ba? Is kavua pron. she. any other man going to go? adv. Kavua nia e sola dona vatulia kei She katsa tahu any time. really knows how to weave bags. 19

See also hia, soa Kesa lahu soba nau ba lolu I only go to church sometimes. kavuna n. semen. ketsua v. to compel, force. ke art. article before feminine name. See Bili e kelsua kalena ka taulahi Billy also ki (cf. i) forced his child to get married. kebe n. fire. kevutia v. to peel off with the hand. kedoha v. to fish from a canoe with a Kevuti lihia mo palasla rongona dropline. See also valusa voramu e dou vasa Peel off your plaster because your scratch is o.k. kei n. traditional bag woven from the bark of now. a tree. kevukevuha adj. peeling (as skin after kekeu adj. bent, crooked. See also bakeku, sunburn). ere, veke Bukemu e kevukevuha Your back is peeling. kekeusia v. to bend. See also hevohevoha, larakevu v. kekeve to go to the toilet, to relieve kevukevuna lovana n. dandruff. oneself especially to defecate. Sola kevukevuna lovana Jone John kele n. vagina. has a lot of dandruff. kelikeli(a) v. to rock or move from side to ki art. article before a feminine name. See side (as a ship). also ke (cf. i)

v. kene n. a type of land snail. kiboha 1. to commit adultery. 2. to commit any serious crime. keo n. landslide. Hia kiboha sana i alina Pita He committed adultery with Peter's wife. kepi n. hat, cap (Western-style rather than traditional). See also pilupilu Hira pedea gare nia rongona e kiboha lava That man is being taken to court kerea v. 1. to burn (by fire). 2. to roast for a serious offence. (food) on coals. kidi1 adj. 1. cooked completely, done. 2. Nau dolo ba kerea lsiranga I'm going ready (to work with). lo go and burn the leaves used in the oven. Vanga bitia e kidi dou Food baked in a stone oven is well done. Hira baka gare ra kerea hahano lava The boys are roasling a big fish. Puha nau bitia i kolo e ta vala kidi mu laiha agosia kalsagu The puha kerengadi n. a type of big black or red ant trees I left soaking in the water are which has a painful bite. not yet ready to work with, so I haven't made my kalsa. kerevurua v. to cremate. 2 Hira i sau ra kerevurua gare male In kidi n. a kind of musical juggling in which the past, people used to cremate fruits of the Koilo or Boilo tree are used. bodies. kidikidi v. to knock. kesa adv. quickly. Sei kikidiki malsapa? Who's knocking Hia laiha mai kesa He didn't come on the door? quickly. kidilo v. to make 'music' by slapping the See also savua water with open hands. kidivururu v. to strike something and kesana adj. some, a few; pron . . 1. some bounce off, rebound. people. 2. anyone. Valu nau suia e hado na hai me Kesana gare ra dona sangadoura kidivururu The stone I threw struck daki, kesana taiha Some men really the tree and bounced off it. help the women and some don't. Kesana soba ra mai ago dani Only kidoa v. to poison. some people came to work today. Gare nia e kidoa i alina That man Vaha vei, kesana horo? Is anyone poisoned his wife. home? kikiki adj. small, little. See also pepetsi, See visana marumu kesa tahu adv. sometimes. kikiki pitsu adj. tiny. 20

kikina pron. small one. koe vania v. to say (to), tell (to). Sei e koe vaniho? Who told you that? kikitso(a) v. 1. to carry a child on the Who said that to you? shoulders. 2. to ride on the shoulders. T oma e kikitsoa dalena Tom is koenahao n. one of the four major clans. carrying his child on his shoulders. See tribal and clan names Baka e kikitso i kokovena tamana koerau n. a type of leaf chewed with The child is riding on his father's betelnut. See also kua shoulders. koga n, a tree whose bark is used to make kilekile n. a traditional stone hatchet. See bags and women's skirts. See also puha also hila, matau, rarati 1 kogana n. a four-stringed shell money. kili 71. generic name for crabs. 2 koilo n. a tree whose fruit is used to play kili (nakili) v. to desire. wish. kidi. kilia1 v. to agree with. koiso n. a light blue and white bird. Nau kilia sava hoe koea I agree with what you're saying. koivo 71, a type of land snail. 2 kilia v. to scoop up (with hand. spoon. koko n. traditional drum. See also hoho etc.) . Kilia vanga mo talua na rau Scoop up kokoba (kokosu) n. hermit crab. See also the food and put it on the leaf. mamu kokodui n. a reddish-brown ant. kipara n. a type of garden slug which leaves a slimy trail behind it. kokolu v. to chat, engage in conversation. kirimeru n. trouble. disturbance. Mai kokolu sangau Come and chat Toma e sola nau kirimeru vanira vera with me. Tom is always causing trouble with Mai kokolu oveu Come and talk with everyone in the village. me. kisia (kisia moi) adv. 1. gradually. slowly. kokomitsi n. a large house spider. 2. easily, gentfy. kokono v. to drown, to choke in the water kisu adj. 1. blind. 2. sore or infected (of (almost drowning). eye). See also doroko Baka e kokono i tasi The child drowned in the ocean. kiu v. to expel flatus, break wind, fart. See also lulumi kobiroro n. a type of land snail. kokonona n. 1. neck. 2. throat.

koburu n. wind from the north-west. kokopa n. a type of edible greens.

koea v. to say. kokopi 11, to cover one's body. Sei koea vaha? Who said that? Tahoa polo neni moho kokopi Take koe doua 11. to correct, say correctly. this piece of cloth so that you can Tina vaha nau to hilasavia i hamu cover yourself up. koe doua vaniu If I say it incorrectly kokopi(na) n. a cover for one's body. you must correct me. Nau purasania kokopigu I forgot my koe marumu t'. to complain. covering.

Hira ra sola dona koe marumu hinia kokorako n. a cock, rooster (domestic sitoa They're always complaining fowl). (cf. kudo about the store. ) See also lepo sivohalaha kokosu n. See kokoba koe talu 11. to promise. vow. kokou n. male infant or baby. See also Hia koe talu kova hia daka mai He meomeo (cf. piroko) promises that he will come. n, koe tatea 11. to confess, reveal (the kokovena shoulder. truth) . koku a v. to hide. A gare· e koe tatea hia e belia bolo ( ) The man confessed that he stole the Toma e koku Tom is hiding. pig. Hira baka ra kokura niu The children hid the coconuts. 21

kolahe n. a type of lizard. kore adj. angry, cross. Para e kore vaniho rongona hoe 0 koleo n. a traditional women's dance. tahoa na isi Para is cross with you kolia v. to lie down with, lie down together. because you took his knife.

Kusi nia e kolira dalena That cat is kori a v. to scrape or grate coconut. lying down with its kittens. ( ) Ruka dalena ki Misu rauka vaikoli koroha adj. empty (place) . Misu's two children are lying down Nau mai tsau vera me taiha ka tsikei together. i ai. E koroha vera I reached the village but no one was there. It was kolo n. 1. water. 2. river. an empty village. Nau ngaloa inu. Vaha vei, kolo horo I want a drink. Is there any water? koroveveha adj. empty (of solids) . Hira baka ra ba leleso i kolo The Abira nia e koro veveha. Taiha laka children went to bathe in the river. tsikai maleho i ai That basket is koloha adj. watery. empty. There's not a thing in it. See kora kolohau n. bamboo water container. kolona inu n. drinking water. koru adj. immature, unripe. kolona makana n. tear (from the eye) . Hira vutsi neni ra koru These bananas kolona niu n. green coconut, or the liquid are unripe. from one. korusuna (kosuna) n. heart. kolotsiri n. parrot. koso n. cage. small pen or enclosure. kolukolu adj. short. kosuna 71. See korusuna koluna n. an egg. kotia v. to cut (as hair) . konimauriha adj. active, energetic, lively. kotso n. mud. See also gotso 1 konina n. body. kova conj. that always follows koea . Baka nia konina popono e sola bila ( ) That child's whole body is hot. Hia koe kova hia daka mai He said that he will come. 2 konina pron. him, her self. ( ) kove n. a type of salt-water shellfish, Daki nia e ba i kolo konina That mother-of- pearl. woman went to the river by herself. kua n. a type of leaf chewed with betelnut. konovia v. to swallow. See also koerau E biu a kokonona me eutu ka konovia vanga His throat is sore and he kuau n. a type of bird which feeds on nuts. cannot swallow food. kubua v. to break (tool, leg. stick, etc.) . kopa n. a stone edifice which encloses the Hami baka tsatsangi mi nau kubua bones of a dead man. limagu We children were playing and I broke my arm. kopeta n. a half basket woven from coconut fronds. used to carry food, etc. See also takubu, karoa kudia t'. to break rope. woven basket. etc. . kopi n. stingray. ( ) See ta kudi kopia v. to cover, put a cover or lid on. kudo n. hen. kora adj. 1. empty of liquid . 2. dry of ( ) ( kudu v. to leak as a roof . river) . ( ) Ba deia bilo. E kora Go and fill up the langi e mai mana vale e kudu bilo. It's empty. rongona potsa It's raining and the house is leaking because it has a hole Kolo Bolavu e kora The Bolavu River in it. is dry. kudukudu v. to drip, trickle. (cf. koroveveha) kue v. to squeal (as a pig) . korauna n. pus, matter produced in a sore or wound. kui n. a type of lizard. 22

kuika n. a type of edible greens. kusu bola v. to give with no strings attached and no payment involved. kuina n. penis. kusubuloa v. to return. give back. kukia v. to cook in a pot. Ka ngisa hoe doho kusuboloa go isi When are you going to return my kuko n. a traditional women's dance. knife? v. kuku n. pot. saucepan. See kukia kusu titihila 1. to give an example. 2. to describe. kukuana n. 1. grandfather. 2. grandchild. kusuvisua v. to return, give back. 3. grandmother. See also kakave kuta v. to eat. kukuni adj. wary. watchful. Mai mo kuta Come and eat. Nau kukuni a halaha niu rongona See also hania loha lava mai I"m wary of climbing that coconut tree because there's a big kutia v. to domesticate. tame. wind now. Nau tahoa dalena kusi atsi mu kutia I kulana n. relative. relation. took a wild kitten and tamed it. Nau kulagu ki Susana rongona hia e kutikuti adf domestic. tame. dalena tsagigu Susan is a relative of kutsona n. mole, wart. mine because she is my uncle's child. kutsu v. 1. to predict. 2. to guess. kulikuli n. nower growing on the ground (as opposed to one growing on a tree or bush ) . Nau ta dodona mau kutsu i Jone sagana daka mai karopo I don't know. but I (d. ) predict that John will come tomorrow. kulina n. ear. Hoe kutsu. Hoe 0 pada nau e visa uvigu You guess. How old do you kuli pono adj. deaf. partly deaf. hard of think I am? hearing. 1 Pita a kuli pono Peter is deaf. kutu n. cone-shaped basket. 2 kuma n. lake. pond. body of still water. kutu adJ'. pregnant. See also tiana kutuna n. stomach. kumana n. the mid rib of a soft leaf such as kai. kakaina banana or See also kuva (kuvalia) v. to share, divide up and share out. kumara n. sweet potato. Nau kuvalia bolo. Nau 'palara baka I kumitsi n. a type of edible fern. shared out the pork and fed the children. kumutsu v. to sprout. germinate (of Daki nia e vovoa moro. Hia e kuva coconut and betelnut). That woman is not selfish. She's sharing. kunokunona n. clitoris. kuvalia v. See kuva kuru n. owl.

v. kurua to tie. tie up. See also pukua, l soria, rohia

kurutetea v. to tie up a number of objects laba v. to happen. occur. together following a line (as fish strung out Ngisa e laba? When did that happen? on a line. or floor boards lashed together). laba mai 1'. to appear. kusi n. cat. Hami horohoro mi hira laba mai We were sitting down and they appeared. kusu(a) v. 1. to send. 2. to give. 3. to pass to. hand to. labua (Iabusia) v. 1. to hurt, wound. injure. Nanagu e kusu maia leta neni My 2. to hit. mother sent this letter. Gare seko e labua baka hinia isi The Tahoa buka neni mo kusua vania bad man wounded the child with a Oliva karopo Take this book and give knife. it to Oliva tomorrow. Nau labua mata hinia hai I hit the De, kusua peleti vania Rosi Here. pass snake with a stick. this plate' to Rose. See also hadoa, sudua 23

labumatea v. to kill. lamuna n. root (of plant, tree, etc.). labusaviria v. to carry (something) slung langalangau n, a type of fern whose inner from the head. See also saviria (ovana fibres can be used to stuff pillows, etc. labusia v. See labua langelangea v. to shake (coconut, etc.) to see if there is liquid inside. labusia hinia kakauna v. to measure by using a finger width. langi n. rain. Mavuru neni labu tolu This tobacco is langirau n. heavy, continuous rain. three finger-widths wide. lango n. a fly. laga v. 1. to butcher (animal). 2. to operate on (person). See also paria lao n, generic name for spider. lago v. to cling. stick to. See also kau laolaona n. spider's web, cobweb. laha (Iahale) n. a small fish-net used for lapia v. to lap, lick with the tongue. taking mada. lapina n, tongue. lahale n. See laha lasi n. one of four major tribal lines. See tribal and clan names lahina n. sister-in-law. See also dorna lasoa v. to castrate. lakal adv. again. lasokoba n. any castrated animal. Vaka e visu mai laka The ship came back again. lati adj, bold. See also soha latse n. lime which is chewed with betelnut. laka2 adj. 1. more. 2. else. See also poke Nau ngaloa kesana laka I want some laua v. to grab, take hold of suddently and more. forcefully. Sei laka daka ba? Who else is going to l go? lava adj. 1. large, big. 2. important. lakamoi adv. 1. also, too. 2. either. Valegu e sola lava My house is very Nau ngaloa ba lakamoi I want to go large. too. Moise hia gare lava na sasani Moses Nau taiha ngaloa ba lakamoi I don't is an important man in education. want to go either. lava2 adv. loudly. 1 lakana n, fat, solid grease of animals. Basia Ie po hasahasa. Lepo lava Don't 2 whisper. Speak loudly. lakana n. flesh of fruits. (cf. vinisina) lava tsavual v. to be overgrown. lake n, mother, mummy (used both in Buruburu seko e lavatsavua kumara addressing and referring to her). See also The sweet potato is overgrown with nanana weeds.

n. 2 lakengo cooked and softened taro or yam lava tsavua v. to beout-o f-touch with rolled in boiled coconut milk. custom or tradition (slang). lalaka adj. everyone or every bit (without Nau vovo agosia katsa rongona Inau exception) . lavatsavua vasa I don't know how to Hamu sui lalaka mu mai neni Every make a katsa because I'm out of single one of you come here. touch with tradition. lalala v. to sing a wordless ditty. lavo n. mist. See also rasu lara adv, inside. lavu n. custom. E dou hita muria da lavu We should Mai lara neniCome inside here. follow our custom. lalona adt', inside (of), within, in. Simo lakamoi lalona vale Simo is lehai n. storm. inside the house too. lekona n. locally-grown tobacco. See also lamoli n. a tree whose bark is used to make mavuru loincloths. lela v. to stroll, walk leisurely, walk for pleasure, go for a walk. 24

l lele n. traditional chanting music. ligi n. a type of tree. lele2 v. to sing traditional chanting music. lihia adv. away (from), out (of). Ba lihi Get out. Go away. leleso v. See leso Taho lihia buka nia Take that book l away. lepo n. word. Nau purasania avona Ie po I forget a lihina adv. close to, near, beside, by. lot of words. Nau horo lihina hai I'm sitting near the lepo2 v. to talk, speak. tree. Basia matahuniu. Lepo vaniu Don't See also haravia be afraid of me. Talk to me. liholihoa v. to hang by the neck. lepo hasahasa v. to whisper, talk softly. lepolepo n. a meeting. lilihi a kolo n. bank of river. n. lepona language. limana n. 1. hand. 2. arm. 3. front paw of Lepona veragu a Igilis My home an animal. 4. front leg of an animal. language is English. Nau sola ngaloa sasania leponi hamu linge n. a song. I really want to learn your language. linge(a) v. to sing. lepo seko v. to swear at. Basia lepo seko vanira baka Don't lingisia v. to overtake. swear at the children. Hami volavolau mi nau lingisia Bobi See also asu We were running and I overtook Bob. Iepo sivohalaha v. to complain. lisana n. lice eggs, nits. Hira Iepo sivohalaha hinia tarake rongona taiha mai They're litolitona n. mucus in throat or lungs, complaining about the truck because it phlegm. hasn't come. liu v. to leave from. depart from (as a See also koe marumu starting point). v. Ie po susuliha 1. to demand. 2. to Hoe 0 liu mai i vei? Nau liu kolo scold. reprimand. tabu Where did you leave from? I left Nau lepo susuliha vaniho hoe mai from Kolotabu. karopo I demand that you come tomorrow. liusia conj. than (indicates comparison). Oliva e lepo susuliha vania baka Nau katsi liusia ki Maria I'm taller bulebuleha Oliva scolded the naughty than Maria. child. liva n. generic name for centipede. lepo tsatsangi v. to joke. Ie po utusia v. to talk against, oppose. livona n. tooth. Hia Ie po utusia hinia na taulahi dalena daki He opposed the marriage loana v. 1. to like, love. 2. to want, desire. of his daughter. Nau sola loamu I really like you. See also tui utusia Nau loana inuvila kolo I want to drink some water. leso (Ieleso) v. to bathe. take a bath, have a See also ngaloa, ngaoa bath. Vaha vei, hoe leso vasa Have you lobi n. the act of weeding (a garden). bathed already? lobia v. to weed (a garden). lesovia v. to bathe someone else. give a I hira lobia uta They are weeding the bath to. garden. Hia lesovia kasina kikiki He bathed his little brother. loha (Iohaloha) n. wind. strong breeze. (cf. bislbisi, harahara) leve n. type of freshwater snail. See also bokua, doe, tsugu 101010 n. dirt. rubbish. lolongana n. morning (up until about 10 lia v. to become, turn into. ' 0 clock). See also roporopo Pita daka sasani sangavulu tsehe a uvi mimuri ka lia dokita Peter will lolongana bongibongi n. very early go to school for fifteen years and then morning, dawn. become a doctor. 25

longa adv. north. lumia v. to immerse, dip into water, put into water. losi n. a round basket woven from coconut Ba mo lumia kai i kolo moho vulia Go fronds. and put thegreens in water so that losia v. to squeeze or wring out anyliquid. you can wash them. Nau vulia pologu me sui mi nau losia Hia lumira dalena kusi i kolo mara I washed my clothes and then wrung mate He immersed the kittens in the them out. water and they died. Nau losia niu I'm 'milking' the coconut. (cf. potsia. vatavia) lotso adj. hoarse (dry throat. grating and lumulumu n. moss. harsh sound . ) lupa n. elephantiasis. Hia lingelinge mana kokonona e lotso 1 He sang and sang and his voice is lusu n. duty, obligation. hoarse. Hia purasania na lusu hia, Hia vovo reitutuhua dalena He's forgetting his lotu n. prayer; v., to pray. See also nonginongi duty and not looking after his child. 2 lusu n. row, line in a garden . lovana n. head. See also uluna ( ) Visa lusuna kumara i uta? How many lovo (Iovolovo) v. to fly. rows of sweet potato are in the garden? lovou n. traditional spoon made from a See also taletale coconut shell. lusua v. to lay down sticks to mark rows lua v. 1. to let. allow. 2. to leave. in the garden.

Nau lua dalegu ka taulahi I'm letting lutia v. to refuse to give permission. my child get married . Jou e lua na kei i vale Joe left his bag luva t·. to carry a small child in a cloth hung at the house. from the neck a nd passed across the chest Ke Maria e lua atina Maria left her and back. husband. luva(na) n. cloth used to carry a baby in a sling. lua bola v. 1. to disregard. pay no attention to. 2. to abandon. luvu v. to overturn, capsize (as a canoe) . Baka nia e sola ngara mi hira lua bola Tasi e sola lava mana haioko e luvu That child is really crying but they're The sea was really big and the canoe not paying any attention to him. capsized. Gare seko e lua bola dalena i tsukuna The bad man abandoned his child in M the bush. lua lihia v. to leave out. omit. mabulu v. to smell (bad) , stink. luage v. to subside (as a river or the sea Kau e mate me ratsa me mabulu The after a flood or storm) . dog was dead and decomposing and it stank. Nau u 010 talihu kolo tahuna e luage I waded across the river when it had (cf. sihini(a)) subsided. 1 mada adj. ripe (especially fr uit) . See also lualua n. ocean wave. hanoha 2 lugulugu adj. loose, slack. not tight. mada n. a very small fish which swims up the rivers from the sea at the time of the luhaluha adj. loose, slack, not tight. new moon. luhunia v. to carry on the back. madanga 1'. to glow. Hoe ho luhunia mo luluhu Carry your Kebe e sola madanga dou The fire is backpack (on your back) . really glowing. madana kebe n. embers, coals from a luluhu n. backpack (traditional) . fire. luluhu bukena v. to carry on the back in a backpack. madoa adj. right (direction) . lulumi v. 1. to drown. 2. to sink under the rnadodo adj. capable (of people) . See also water. See also kokono ngingili. patiti 26

mahe adJ. 1. happy, glad. 2. content. maleho n. something. maleho bola adj. unimportant. mahomahona n. breath. Hia taiha hitsia livona mana Laka pada hado. Hia nia maleho bola mahomahona sihini seko He didn't Don't think about money. It's not clean his teeth and his breath smells important. bad. See bola2 maleho hanihania adj. edible. See hani, mahuli adj. willing, not lazy. hania l mai conj. and (used only to link names of maleho mamauri n. living thing. persons) . malehona inu n. something to drink, Bobi mai Susana rauka horo i ai Bob beverage. See inu and Susan live there. malehona kuta n. something to eat. See 2 ' kuta mai v. to come. malehona �ate adj. dangerous, risky. Jone gesa mai John just came. See mate maili adv. left (direction). malehona tsatsangi n. a game, toy. See Muria sala moho pilo na maili Follow tsatsangi the road and turn to the left. malehona tsolo adj. funny. See also mauli Tahuna nau Iepo hira baka ra pada e malehona tsolo When I talk the maina n. newcomer, person from a different children think it's funny. place who comes to settle in an area. See tsolo makala v. to be open and bleeding (as a mali mali adj. sour. (cf. raparapa, vavai wound). ) malopol adJ. flat, deflated (as a tyre). makana n. 1. eye. 2. face. A bolo e taiha ngatsi e malopo The Pasapasa sa he makagu There is dust ball isn't hard: it's flat. In my eye. 2 E oka solahana va so nau taiha malop0 adJ. soft and lightweight, having berenia makamu It has been a really no liquid left (as the soft inner vara of a long time since I saw your face. coconut). maka ere adj. cross-eyed, bleary-eyed. malu v. to fade. wither. maka kurua v. to wink at. Aso e rangia rau me malu The sun maka lehe adj. cross-eyed. burned the leaf a nd it had withered. makana tae n. anus. maluku adj. 1. physically weak. 2. soft and tender (as cooked meat, fruit, a makuru v. to sleep. person's skin). Nau pada hoe kabuli. Hoe ba malutsi adj. soft (to the touch). makuru I think you're tired. Go to sleep. mamahela v. to enjoy, feel happy. Hia makuru vata He's still asleep. Hira baka ra mamahela rongona He's still sleeping. Kirisimasi The children are enjoying themselves because it's Christmas. malahai n. brave man, warrior. mamala adj. itchy. malahai adj. brave. Nau tuagu e sola ba mamala My leg is 1 very itchy. malamala n. a type of tree. mamangona n. chest. malamala2 adJ. light (in weight). Mamangogu e sola biu rongona nau malavu n. namesake. vuvu pipi tahu My chest really hurts Nau go malavu i Hari Harry is my because I've been coughing all the namesake. time. male adJ. clean. mamaole adj. naked, bare. Nau vulia peleti me male vaso I mamarasa n. sand, beach sand. washed the plate: it's already clean. See also hele, sere mamare v. to write. Nau doto ba mamare kesana leta I am going to write some letters. 27

See also marea Nau vatsangi konigu e marabu My body feels refreshed . mamatsa adj. to dry. Kulikuli ra marabu dou pipi lolongana Nau tsaua pologu na aso me The fiowers look fresh every morning. mamatsa I hung my clothes in the sun and they're dry. maraho n. cockatoo. mamava adj. See maya marao adj. green. mamavatana n. weight. See maya mararal n. small hole. mamu n. 1. any bait for fishing. 2. hermit Isuna ki Manga e marara Manga's crab. See also kokoba nose has a hole in it. Sei agosia marara na belabela? Who manal conj. 1. and, plus (used to join made a hole in the table? names of things). 2. but. 2 Nau karisia kumara mana kake I'm marara n. daylight. peeling sweet potato and taro. mare n. a type of fresh water snail. Nau loana ba i tsukuna mana langi mai I wanted to go to the bush but marea v. 1. to write. 2. to draw. it's raining. Nau marea asagu na vatu I'm writing 2 my name on the stone. mana v. to heal. Hira baka ra marea nununa vaka The Nau masahe mi Koti manau mudou I children are drawing a picture of a was sick but Koti healed me and I'm ship. o.k. now. See also mamare manahana v. 1. to be able. 2. to succeed. mare asa v. to enroll, enlist, sign up. See also tango mana marimari v. to have an orgasm, experience manesere n. white person, European. sexual pleasure.

mangalava v. to brag, boast. See also marumu (marumarumu) adj. little, small. votsa Hamu baka marumarumu mu ba taho mangamanga n. gap, opening (between maia vatu You small children, bring two things). some stones. Nia mangamanga vatalena ruka hai See also kikiki, pepetsi There is a gap between the two trees. masahe adj. sick, ill: n .. sickness, illness, mangana1 n. 1. mouth. 2. opening (mouth) disease. of tin. drum. bilo, bottle, etc. Nau masahe tolu a dani I've been sick for three days. mangana2 n. voice. Masahesava tsauliho hoe? What kind mangasala adf clear, uncluttered. of sickness do you have? Hira gare ra kalano hai me puka See also otse mana uta e mangasala tahu neni masahena bolo (bolo) n. epilepsy. The men cut the tree and the garden space is clear now. masalanga adf clear. uncluttered. See also See also masalanga mangasala

n. mango v. to rest, relax, take a break. masangana branch or fork of a road. river or tree. manivo n. wasp. masohata n. mid to late morning. manu 11. generic na me for bird. masu adv. full, satisfied (after eating). Manukiki prop. n. one of the four major Nau hania vati a kumara mu masu tribal lines. See tribal and clan names dou I ate four sweet potatoes and I feel full now. manutsau n. bat. flying fox (generic). masuhu v. to be jealous, envious. maomao v. to yawn. Bela masuhu vania Edi rongona tama marabu adj. 1. refreshed (as after sleeping mua vale lava Bela is jealous of or bathing). 2. looking fresh, healthy, Eddie because he has a big house. revived. matabala n. four-stringed shell money. 28

matahu adj. frightened, scared, afraid. mauri n. life, existence; v .. to exist, live; Hia sola dona matahu pipi tahu He is adj., alive, living. always scared. Soa nia mai nenihinia sasania He came here to study our matahunia v. to fear, be afraid of. maurida life(style). laka matahuniu. Nau eutu to labuho Don't be afraid of me. I won't hurt Hira niu eutu ra mauri Igilan Coconut you. trees could not live in England. (cf. meua) Nanagu e mauri vata My mother is still living. mata, muata n. generic name for snake. mauri dou adj. healthy, in good shape. matau n. stone axe. See also hila, kilekile, rarati maurisia v. 1. to develop, improve. 2. to help grow, make grow. mate v. to die; adj., dead. Hami mi tovoa maurisia Tamana ke Anna e mate na wiki e sui mamaurimami maka dou We're Anna's father died last week. trying to improve our lives and make Kebe e mate The fire is dead. them better. Hai nia e mate That tree is dead. Go kumara e haravia mate mi nau maurisia me mauri dou My sweet Atina ki Teri e mate oka vasa Terry's potato was almost dead but. I helped it husband has been dead for a long to grow and it's healthy now. time. matea v. 1. to extinguish, put out (fire). mauvo n. generic name for eel. 2. to turn off, shut off. Nau matea kebe rongona sola e maya (mamava) adj. heavy. pungu I put out the fire because there mavi n. a skin condition, 'white spot'. was a lot of smoke. Hoe 0 matea kolo Turn off the water. mayo adj. healed (as a wound). mateluvu v. to faint, lose consciousness, Nau voragu e mayo vasa My cutis to be unconscious. healed already. Hai e hadoa ki Kuva me mateluvu mavuru n. tobacco. See also lekona The tree hit Kuva and she's unconscious. mavuru vaka n. tobacco which is commercially processed rather than matena n. cost, price, worth, value. locally grown. Visa matena polo nia? What does conj. 1. and. 2. but (used for 3sg). that cloth cost? What is the price of me that cloth? How much is that cloth 7 melu adj. sad; n .. sadness, sorrow. matenga v. to meet the cost. pay for Hia sola melu hinia nanana e mate (something). (d. volia) He's very sad because his mother died. matsamatsa adj. smooth, slippery (but not wet). meomeo n. infant or baby of either sex. Nau tapoa hulina ki Oliva me sola See also kokou, piroko matsamatsa I touched Oliva's skin and it's really smooth. meri n. 1. maggot. 2. germs. bacteria. Meri lia lango A maggot becomes a fly. matsapa n. 1. door. 2. doorway, entrance. Hoe ho vulia limamu, mi muri hoe Bobi agosia matsapana vale Bob kuta rongona e avo meri limamu made a door for the house. Wash your hands before you eat Basia horo i matsapa Don't sit down because there are a lot of germs on in the doorway. your hands.

mauli adj. left (direction). See also maili merina n. semen.

maumauri hinia v. to be dependent upon, metsua adj. sweet. See also mit sua contingent upon. Nau maumauri hinia soba kumara. meua v. to frighten. scare. Tina taiha kumara mi nau to mate Hia meua baka nia hinia mata He I'm dependent upon sweet potato. If frightened that child with a snake. there were no sweet potato, I would (d. matahunia) die. mi conj. 1. and. 2. but (used to join two 29

clauses with different subjects - for momoru n, island. persons, not things). Nau ba ago mi hia taiha mai I went to monana n. liquid grease, fat (of meat, work but he didn't come. coconut, etc.). l See mana mono v. to lie down. Ba mono avuli Go and lie down on the mid ina n. midrib of a coconut, betelnut or bed. sago palm leaf. See also pipina Hia e ba mono i vale He went and lay mike n, caterpillar. down in the house. See also eno mila adj. yellow. mono ulusivo v, to lie face downward. mimi v. to urinate. monoa v, to lay (something) down. mimina n. 1. urine. 2. bladder. Hoe ho monoa hai. Asa daka puka Mimina gare rnasa he sola sihini seko rna ka hadoho Lay that stick down. The urine of a sick person smells bad. It is going to fall down and bang you. Hira baka ra uvia mimina bolo mara moro adj. selfish. tsatsangi hinia The children blew up the pig's bladder, a nd played with it. mu canj. 1. and. 2. but (used for lsg). mimisia v. to urinate on. muamuana n, ancestor. Nau bela baka neni me mimisiu I was holding this child and he urinated on mudo n, 1. a leper. 2. leprosy. me. Soa nia a gare mudo He is a leper. mimuri adv. then, next, afterward(s), later. Ta hu sava mudo e tsauliho? When did you contract (get) leprosy? Nau doto ba i Kolotabu mimuri to ba i Haimarao I'm going to Kolotabu mui adj. quiet, silent. and then to Haimarao. Nau koe vanira baka ra mui I told the mitsimitsina n. the very tip, top or end (of children to be quiet. something). muimui adv. quietly. Hamu baka mu ago muimui You mitsua adj. sweet. See also metsua children work quietly. l mo pass. adj. your (sg). mumuleha adj. queasy (as stomach), Mo kusi vei? Where is your cat? nauseous. 2 m0 conj. 1. and. 2. but (used for 2sg). muria v. 1. to follow. 2. to accompany, go Hoe ba i kolo mo taiha leleso You with. went to the river but did not bathe. Nau muria sala vaolu I followed the new road. adj. mode hungry or craving for fresh meat Toma ba vaso mi nau to muria Tom or fish. has already gone and I will follow him. modu adj. blunt, dull. Vaha vei, hoe ngaloa muriu? Do you Nau doto tsava go isi rongona e sola want to accompany me? modu I'm going to sharpen my knife muriaso n, a purple flower which fades as because it's really dull. the sun sets. l moi ad!.. too, also. murina adv. 1. behind, in back (part) of. 2. Tina hoe loana ba e dou, Tina taiha after. e dou moi If you want to go it's o.k. Hia lui murina hai He's standing and if you don't, that's o.k. too. behind the tree. moi2 adv. only. Hoe mai murina Bobi You came after Haruka sei muka mai? Hoe moi? Bob. Who did you come with? Only you? Hia horo murina tarake He's sitting in the back of the truck. See also soba muringana adv. after. moko ad). dumb, unable to speak. Muringana kuta hoe ho ba palara bolo After you eat, go and feed the moli n. orange. pigs. molo n. a giant. 30

musu n. cockroach. namo adj. deep (as in hole or water). See also gou mutamuta v. to vomit. throw up. namo rodo n. deep sea. middle of the mutse n. twins. ocean. Rosa e tamanina ruka baka mutse nanali v. to masturbate. Rosa has twins. Ruka baka nia rauka mutse Those two nana(na) n. mother. mummy (applies also children are twins. to aunts. and is used both in addressing and referring to one). See also lakena mutsua v. 1. to kiss. 2. to suck (on). nangatia v. to stare at. Hia e mutsua baka kikiki He kissed the little child. Hira baka ra nangatia manesere The children are staring at the white man. Laka mutsua mangana bilo Don't suck on the mouth of the water container. nata adj. flat (land). See also domia Pita pita neni e nata dou. Nau doto agosia go uta neni This ground is N good and flat. I'm going to make my garden here. na1 interj. really! indeed! you don't say! nau pron. I. 2 na poss. adj. 1. his. 2. her. nau(a) v. 1. to do. 2. tomake. cause. 3 Sava hoe naua tahuneni? What are na suffix added to adj. to form pron .. e.g. you doing now? gola ·raw·. golana 'raw one'. Sava se naua tuamu e tsitsi vaha? na4 prep. in. at. on. from. of. What made your leg red like that? Nau ago na aso I'm working in the sun. nau lava v. to enlarge. make bigger. Hia horo na sitoa He's at the store. nau puka v. to drop. See also pukalia Talua na bela bela Put it on the table. naulavi n. evening. Jone e gesa visu mai na uta John just came back from the garden. nauna n. 1. place. 2. part. piece. Vulana February e ruka nina vula na Nauna leleso i longa The place to uvi The month of February is the bathe is north. second month of the year. Neni tsikai nauna bereti Here's a piece See also i2 of bread. See also naba adj. wide. broad. See also dama salana, busuna, tabana nabatana n. width. breadth. navunavu n. prayer: v .. to pray. He naguna n. dirt. filth (when it is ingrained or Soa nia sasanihami nonginongi stuck to something). taught us a prayer. Mai, hita ba nonginongi Come on. let nahalahala n. See halahala us all go and pray. See also lotu naho adv. first. in front. Hoe ba naho. Nau doto muriho You neni1 pron. this. go first. I'll follow you. Kusi neni e lava This cat is big. nahona adv. in front of. before. Neni a kusi This is a cat. Ki Oliva, maL Tui nahona ki Susana 2 Oliva. come. Stand in front of neni adv. here. Susana. Mai neni Come here. See also arona Kusi neni The cat is here. nanahona n. 1. first one. 2. firstborn. nere v. to flow. nainai adj. shiny. Langi mai mana kolo e tuturiha nere Soa nia lovana lati e nainai His bald tsapa mai It rained and the river has head is shiny. started to flow southward. See also nusu naki n. a wild pandanus tree. 2 ni prep. of. from. belonging to (used for nakili v. See kili plural) . 31

Hia sola dona lepo ni verada He really ngangaru n, that which remains in the shell knows the language of our area (all of of a cocon ut after it has been grated. us) . 1 ngangauvia v. 1. to reach out far. 2. to nia adv. there. stretch for. Jou vei? Hia nia Where's Joe? He's Nau ngangauvia Kokou me sove I there. reached out for the baby boy but he See also i ai refused to come to me. 2 Nau ngangauvia pepa tohu mu taiha nia adj., pran, that. tsaulia I stretched for the paper on Kau nia e sola garo That dog is very top but I couldn't reach it. skinny. Nia a kau That is a dog. ngangavina v. 1. to cherish, hold dear. 2. to covet. nikuna n, nest (of a bird, etc.). Nau ngangavina dalegu I cherish my child. niu n. coconut. Soa nia e sola ngangavina i atina niu bau n. dry coconut (for grating). gare nia He really covets that man's niu kidi n. copra. wife.

niveha n. mildew. ngaoa v. 1. to like, love. 2. to want, desire. See also loana, ngaloa nokia v. to ask for. request. Nau nokia ke lima a kake I asked ngara v. to cry, weep. Lima for a taro. Rongona sava hoe 0 ngara? Why are See also dolavia you crying? See also ora, tangi nonokea n. a type of small brownish or black ant. ngarasia v. to cry for. Hia ngarasia nanana He's crying for novo adj. surprised. his mother. Hia daka novo tahuna ka berenia vale vaolu He will be surprised when he ngarungaruha adv, nasal (Iy). sees the new house. Daki nia lepo ngarungaruha That novolia v. 1. to surprise. amaze. 2. to woman speaks in a nasal tone. come upon suddenly or take unawares. Isugu e pono mu lepo ngarungaruha My nose is blocked and I'm talking nununa n. 1. shadow. 2. image. picture. nasally (through my nose). Hia matahunia nununa konina He is afraid of his own shadow. ngata v. to chew. Hia marea nununa hai He's drawing a Nau ngala a haviha I'm chewing an picture of a tree. apple. Hoe 0 ngala doua vanga mi muri hoe nusu v. to flow (especially the sea). konovia Chew your food well and Hami leleso i kuma mana tasi e nusu then swallow it. longa mai We were bathing in the lake and the sea flowed northward See also tsakua into it. ngalsi adj. 1. strong (not persons). 2. See also nere solid, hard. 3. secured firmly. Hai neni e sola e ngatsi This wood ngai adj. frail. puny. (tree) is very strong. ngaloa t', 1. to like, love. 2. to want. desire. Hola lahuna e kidi dou me sola Nau sola ngaloa baka nia I really like ngatsi Pudding when it's well done is that child . hard. Nau ngaloa ba i Honiara I want to go Buruburu neni e sola ngatsi. Nau to Honiara. eutu to vutia This grass is really well-rooted. I can't pull it out. See also loana, ngaoa (cf. susuliha) nganga v, to deny. ngatsia ad!l. tightly. Nau pada i Jone belia go kei mi hia Hia velesingatsia limana nanana He sola nganga I think John stole my held his mother's ha nd tightly. bag but he denies it. Nau kuru ngatsia hai I tied the sticks up firmly. 32

See also ngiringiria Kau e kore me nguru The dog is angry and he's growling. ngelea v. to bet, dare. ngurua (ngurusia. ngungu lu) v. to hum Nau ngelea i Lore eutu ka halavia niu (a song), sing with closed lips. katsi I bet Lore that he couldn't climb the tall coconut. ngurusia v. See nguru Nau ngeleho I dare you. ngutu n. 1. louse. 2. flea. ngeuna n. a small bit of food, morsel. Baka nia tamanina avona ngutu That child has a lot of lice in Pala meomeo hinia ngeuna uvi Feed ivuna the baby with a small bit of yam. his hair. Give the baby a morsel of yam. Go kusi taiha tamanina ngutu My cat doesn't have fleas. See also tsomena ngutunitano n. bedbug. ngi n. mosquito.

ngilau n. 1. necklace. 2. wreath. 3. o garland. Hira baka ra agosia ngilau hinia o v. predicate marker for 2sg in present or kulikuli The children made a wreath past tense. of flowers. The children made a Hoe 0 ba i vei bongi? Where did you garland. go yesterday? ngingili adj. 1. capable, competent, having Hoe oba i vei tahu neni? Where are sufficient ability. 2. energetic. See also you going now? madodo. patiti oa1 interj. anyone home? ngiringiria adv. tightly. Oa? Hoe sei vale? Anyone home? Hia velesi ngiringiriu He held me Who's in the house. tightly. He squeezed me. 2 oa n. a black bird with white crest which Kuru ngiringiria luluhu nia Tie that fishes in the rivers. backpack tightly. See also ngatsia obo v. to be in flood, overflow the banks (river). ngisa adv. when? what time? Langi mai bongi mana kolo e obo Ngisa laba? When did that happen? tahuneni It rained yesterday and the Ka ngisa hoe doho ba i Merika? river is flooding now. When will you go to America? Tahuna kolo obo e sekolia go uta See also tahu sava When the river overflowed its banks it ruined my garden. ngitia v. to break food (to divide it or share it) . oda v. to eat raw food. Nau ngitia kumara mu palara baka I Nau dona oda kumara I can eat raw broke up the sweet potato a nd fed the sweet potato. children. Hira kau ra oda bolo Dogs eat raw Ngitia kake lava nia mi nau go pork. ngeuna Break up that big taro and I'll odaoda v. to chew betelnut by itself. (cf. have a little bit. dami) ngitsuna n. lip(s). oka adv. a long time. Nau visumai oka vaso I came back a ngoe n. 1. chin. 2. jaw. long time ago. Baka puka me sudua ngoena The child fell down and banged his chin. Nau pada daka oka moto visu mai I think it will be a long time before I ngolangolana n. beard. See also humina come back. ngongorana n. cheek( 5 ) . okuoku adj. cloudy, overcast. ngora v. to snore. Aso taiha rangirangi dani. E okuoku The sun isn't strong today. It's v. See ngungu lu nguru overcast. nguru v. 1. to grunt. 2. to growl. oli v. to go and collect food from the garden. Bolo e vitolo me nguru The pig is hungry and he's grunting. olia II. to change. 33

Pitu vatsikai. Nau to ba olia pologu otse adj. sick, ill. See also masahe Wait a minute. I'm going to go and change my clothes. ovana n. opening, hole. Nau go mauri e olioli pipi dani My life ovaova adj. to open. is changing every day. Kuki nia e ovaova, Talua vovongona That pot is open. Put the lid on. 010 v. to wade in the water. 1 Hira baka ra 010 i mangana kolo The ovea prep. with. children are wading at the mouth of Nau doto ba horo overa daki I'm the river. going to go and sit with the women. 010 talihu kolo v. to wade through and 2 ovea v. to help. cross (a river). Tahuna nau loana ba i kolo tabu mi Ba ovea Bobi. Hia sola ago Go and help Bob. He's really working hard. nau 010 talihu ruka kolo When I want to go to Kolotabu I have to See also sanga cross two rivers. ovia v. to sit on and hatch. olo(a) v. 1. to melt, change from a solid to Hira kudo ra ovira kolura The hens are a liquid. 2. absorb moisture in the air (as hatching the eggs. salt . See olia ) See also karabosa omo n. a type of snake. ovo n. argument, row, quarrel. one adv. south. See also tsapa Ruka gare rauka ovo The two men are one sere n. beach. having a row, argument. ovo ovea v. to quarrel with, have an onioni adj. ready. argument with. Nau onioni to ba I'm ready to go. Ke Maria ngaloa ovo oveu rongona onionia v. to get ready, prepare. hia koea nau belia na bua Maria Nau onionira pologu to ba i Honiara wants to quarrel with me because she I'm getti ng my clothes ready to go to says I stole her betelnut. town. ovona kolo n. river bed. See also vangaraua ono adj. six. P ononina adJ. sixth. ono sangavulu adj. sixty. paboa v. to add onto, increase, multiply. Kolo e taiha avo lalona kuki mi nau ora v. to cry. paboa There was not a lot of water in Baka nia ora rongona kasina tahoa the pot so I increased it. polona That child is crying because his sister took his clothes. pada v. to think. See also ngara. tangi Nau pada hia daka mai karopo I think he'lI come tomorrow. ori v. to be noisy, to make a noise. pada v. to think about, think of, worry Hira baka ra sola ori The children are about. really noisy. Basia padau. Nau dou soba Don't orisia v. to disturb. bother or distract by worry about me. I'm o.k. making noise. Basia orisiu, Nau ngaloa makkum padahila v. to understand clearly. Don't disturb me. I want to sleep. Vaha vei hamu baka? Hamu padahila sava nau koea? Do you oso·oso v. 1. to bribe. 2. to flatter, butter understand what I'm saying. children? up, try to please for a selfish reason, talk padakonina adj. self-centred. into. thoughtless. inconsiderate. Bili e oso-osoa Bobi hinia seleni Billy padalava v. 1. to feel concern. 2. to bribed Bob with money. respect. Hia oso-osou to pala vanga He talked me into feeding him. Hia sola padalava dalena rongona e masahe He is very concerned about Kuva e oso-osoa Bobi ka atsia his child because she's sick. valena, Hia koea Bobi e sola dona atsi vale Kuva flattered Bob and Nau sola pad ala va tamagu rongona persuaded him to build his house. hia gare sola dou vanira vausa I 34

really respect my father because he is paku adj. thick. kind to everyone. Hulina hai neni e sola paku The bark padangaloa (padangaoa) v. to desire, of this tree is very thick. want, wish (for). Nau ngaloa hola neni rongona e paku Nau sola padangaloa langi ka sui I I want this pudding because it's thick. really want the rain to stop. I wish it would stop raining. pala v. 1. to feed. 2. to supply to, provide for . padasahata v. to consider, think about. Ke lili ba palara bolo Lili went to feed Nau taiha padasahata to ba i the pigs. Honiara, Nau eutu to ba I'm not Nau ngaloa mavuru mi hia palau I even considering going to Honiara. I wanted tobacco and he supplied some cannot go. to me. padasavia v, 1. to regret, think about and fret over. 2. to distrust. palahalaha adv. above, on top. Nau padasaviho hoe eutu hoe Toma na tamani e palahalaha Tom is agosidoua mo ago I don't trust you very wealthy (above everyone else). to do your work well. adv. pada soba v, to think but not to be sure, palasivo beneath. to be not quite certain about something. Vakalovolovo e lovo palahalaha mana pada solahana v. to think seriously about manu e lovo palasivo The plane is (something) . fiying above and the bird is below it.

pad a utunia v. 1. to think something is palea v. to paint with lime. true. 2. to hope (that something is the Hia palea makana He's painting his way you wish it to be). face with lime. Nau padautunia vaka daka mai I think it's true that the ship will come. palepale n. See papale Nau padautunia hoe horo dou tahuneni I hope that you're well now. pana 11. an edible root crop, similar to I think you are. English potato. padavasa v. to think the same. have the pana v. to fill in and cover with earth. same idea. Hamu baka basia heli gilu nia mu Nau padavasa lakamoi maleho Bili e pana Children. don't dig a hole there. koea I think the same thing that Billy Fill it in. said. panitsia v. to fix, repair. Bobi e padavasa lakamoi si nau Bob and I are thinking the same thing. pao adj. dirty (of water , river). padavisua tJ. to think back, remember, Kolo e sola pao tahuneni rongona e recall. obo The river is very dirty now Nau padavisua tahuna hami horo because it's in flood. Talise I remember when we lived in l Talise. papa n. a large board (used for table, door, etc.) . Nau gesa padavisua tahuna nau ba i 2 Bubukolo I was just thinking back to papa v. to carry a person (especially a the time I went to Bubukolo. child) on one's back. padavisu vera adj. homesick. Mai moto papaho Come, I'll carry you on my back. pagea (pagetia) v. to peel (especially fruit like bananas and oranges). papa sana 1'. to ride on a person's back. to be carried on a person's back. pagetia 11. See pagea Ba ho papa sana Bobi Go and ride on paguru adj. fat. Bob's back. Go and let Bob carry you on his back. pahu v. to bark (as a dog). papada v. to wonder (about). Hira kau ra pahu na bongi popono The dogs were barking all night. Nau papada tina hia mai vaso? wonder if he has come already? pai 11. a type of tree used to make canoes. Nau ta dona tina hira ra dona naua vaha mi nau papada I don't know if pakapaka n. pl. fiat stones laid out around they do that. but I wonder. a house. etc. to look like a patio. See also papakali. tsukatsuka papada(na) n. thought. idea. 35

Hia papadana ngaloa ka ba i Marau pasapasa n. dust. Karopo His idea is to go to Marau tomorrow. pata n. a raft. Bobi tamanina papadana dou Bob has patere n. priest. a good thought. papada nanaho v. to give some thought pati n. a substance used to. seal the joints in to, think about (first). canoes. papada vatsikei v. to give some thought to. think about first. consider. patia v. to seal (a canoe). Papada vatsikai, mi muri hoe vilia patiti adj. strong, energetic and capable. sa va hoe loana Give it some thought See also ngingili, madodo and then you can choose what you want. pats a n. a tree whose soft inner wood is used to make children's toys, balls, etc. papakali n. flat stones laid out like a patio. See also pakapaka, tsukatsuka patsia v. to suck at (as person eating lobster or snails, or as a fly feeding on an papale (palepale) n. chewed lime and open sore). betelnut used to paint the body. Sava horo makamu? A pale pale patsua v. to tease, mock, make faces at What's that on your face? It's lime (used especially with regard to children). paint. Soa nia sola dona pat sura baka He's always teasing the children. papaluha v. to be mischievous. naughty and Sei patsua dalegu? Who's teasing my annoying (to others). child? Baka nia e sola papaluhau. Hia See also ilia tahoa pologu me kokua That child is always mischievous. He took my peda n. a single white shell money. clothes and hid them. pedea v. to convict, condemn. papatso n. ginger plant. Hira ra pedea Toma rongona labua atina They condemned Tom because pape n. friend. he hit his wife. Hia naugo pape He is my friend. Tina hoe ho beli hira ra pedeho mo papia v. to stack up (especially papers, peresini If you steal you'lI be books. etc.). convicted and put in prison. Nau papira mavuru I"m stacking the pedena n. penalty. tobacco. pegua tJ. 1. to deceive, lie to. 2. to tease, para v. to blame. pull one's leg, trick, fool. Hoe 0 parau, koe nau kubua mo isi Hira ra peguau koea nanagu e mai mi You're blaming me saying I broke your hia Honiara They fooled me by knife. saying that my mother had come. but she's in Honiara. parako n. the sky. See also bulesia, tsoa(lia) parako lovolovo (parako sere) n. cloud(s) (cumulous and cirrus, not pela n. pillow. See also haiulu storm clouds). pelua v. to reward. paria v. 1. to cut into slices. 2. to operate Nau pelua baka nia hinia baluni I on, perform surgery on. rewarded that child with a balloon. Nayu paria uli. Mai tahoa mo peluna n. a reward. ngeuna I"m cutting the papaya into slices. Come, take a piece. Rongona hoe 0 baka dou na sasani mi hoe 0 tamanina mo peluna mo See also laga lia tisa Because you were a good student. you have got your reward paroa 11. to advise against. now and become a teacher. Nau ngaloa ba valusa mi tamagu e parou rongona tasi e lava I wanted pena tJ. 1. to take off the hide of an animal, to go fishing in the canoe, but my to skin (an animal). 2. to take out the father advised me not to because the mid-rib of tobacco leaves. sea was big. Hira pena lihia hulina vua They're taking off the skin of the crocodile. 36

Petero e pena mavuru Peter is taking pinakata n. a type of fishhook made from the midribs out of the tobacco leaves. tortoiseshell.

(cf. pirasia) pinau n. a type of vine used in house building. penguna n. husk (of coconut, betelnut, etc.) . pi pi adj. every, each. Pipi baka ra dona tahoa tsikei Each peo n. holy place. traditional place of worship. child may take one. pi pi dani adv. everyday. pepena n. the navel. belly button. pipi maleho n. everything. pepetsi adj. small, little. See also kikiki. pi pi nauna adv. everywhere, every place. marumu pi pisei moi pron. each one, everyone, every person. perana limana n. palm of the hand. pipi tahu adv. always, every time. perana tuana n. sole of the foot. pi pi vausa pron. everyone. everybody. periha n. bow (weapon) . pipiala n. pipe: v .. to smoke (pipe) . Nau ngaloa pipiala me taiha laka peroa v. to babysit, look after (children) . tsikai mavuru I want to smoke, but Nau hoso perora baka I'm not willing there's no tobacco. to babysit for the children. See also turua. reitaonia pipili n. arrow. peta ( petapeta) adj. smashed, squashed. pipina n. midrib of a coconut, betelnut or Hia butulia vutsi me peta He stepped sago palm leaf. See also midina on the banana and it's squashed. pipisi n. men's garment made of tree bark and worn wrapped around the waist like a petsa 1'. to cut grass short with a knife. See also tsetsela skirt. petsakoe v. to disobey. pipoa v. to form something into a circle, to make a circle. . Nau koe vanihamu basia ba. Laka petsakoe vaniu I'm telling you all not Hira baka ra pipoa hue mara to go. Don 't disobey me. tsatsangi hinia The children made a ci�cle with rattan and they're playing pidi (pidipidi) v. to throb, beat (as the With It. heart or one's pulse) . Ha pipoa kalikeba mo halavia niu Go and make a circlet of vines and climb pihu v. yelp (as a dog) . the coconut. Hira ra taia kau me pihu They threw See also poliloa something at the dog and it yelped. pira�ia v. to peel off skin stuck firmly (e.g. piko n. grasshopper. skin of animalsor bark oftree. not fruits) . 1 See also pena pilapila n. lightning. 2 piroko n. female infant or baby. See also pilapila n. a type of fishhook. meomeo (cL kokou) pilo a t'. 1. to turn. 2. turn over. 3. turn ( ) pita adv. 1. outside. 2. down, on the inside out or right side out. bottom. Ki Oliva e pilo ba sana kiHer eta Oliva Hira baka ra taiha i vale. Hira i pita turned towards Bereta. The children are not in the house. Pepa e tsulupika. Hoe pilo douaThe They're outside. paper is upside down. Turn it over. Ke piroko e tamanina ruka livona i Hoe taiha saheli doua polomu. Piloa tohu me ruka i pita The baby girl You're not wearing your clothes has two teeth on the top and two on correctly. They're inside out. Turn the bottom. them right side out. pitana n. exterior, outside of something. See also valiua pita pita n. soil. ground. pilona n. scar. pitia v. to tie up (especially pig. chicken. pilupilu n. a visored cap made from coconut etc. . fronds. ) 37 pitsa adi dislocated, wrenched. pono adj. blocked (as nose. ear, intestines). Nau ba i tsukuna mu puka mana Hia masahe mana isuna e pono He's tuturugu e pitsa I went to the bush sick and his nose is blocked. and fell down and my knee is dislocated. ponotoba n. heathen. pagan. pitsalia v. 1. to spank. 2. hit. slap or tap popo n. wooden food bowl. with open hand. popono adi whole, entire. pitsangia v. to miss. fail to meet (ship, Hia masahe bongi me makuru na dani etc.) . popono He was sick yesterday and Nau u pitsangia vaka rongona nau slept for the whole day. taiha mai savusavu I missed the ship because I didn't come early. poroa v. 1. to wrap up, make into a parcel. 2. to bandage. 3. to shut eyes . 4. to See also savitia ( ) cover (mouth. eyes) . pitsangorana n. abcess (in the groin) . Daki nia poroa na kai That woman is parcelling up her greens. pitsapitsa v. to clap hands (together) . Dokita e poroa tuana baka rongona e vora The doctor ba ndaged the child' s pitsua v. to pick, break off (flowers, fruits). leg because it had a sore. Basia pit sua vuana nia, E taiha vata Poroa makamu. Sopu daka ba i ai mad a Don't pick that fruit. It's not Shut your eyes. You'll get soap in ripe yet. them. pitsukuri n. a feast given after the death Poroa mangamu tahuna hoe 0 vuvu and burial of a person, in their honour. Cover your mouth when you cough. poroporo na n. parcel. package, packet. pitu a v. to wait for . ( ) ( ) ( ) poroporona baka n. womb, uterus. See Pitu neni. Taiha oka nau doto visu also polopolona baka, valevalena baka Wait here. I'll be back before long. Nau pitua tarake ka mai I'm waiting potena tuana n. calf (of leg) . (cf. volena for the truck to come. tuana) piuna n. 1. kidney. 2. seed (especially of poto adj. rotten and wet (as log or leaves) . trees such as breadfruit, soursop) . See (cf. ratsa) also vatuna potsa v. to sustain a hole (tyre, pot. roof. poda v. to explode. burst noisily. etc.) . Kuki nia e potsa That pot has a hole poha v. to hammer, smash (with a stone) . (i n it) . Nau tahoa vatu mu poha nila na hai I took a stone and hammered a nail into potsia v. to immerse in water (for a short the stick. time) . Potsia kai mo vulia Put the greens in poitia v. to peel (especially fruit like an water and wash them. . orange) See also lumia (cf. vatavia) poke n. lime especially when it is used for 1 ( potsoa v. to rub or massage body . ceremonial purposes . cf. latse ( ) ) ( ) Bukegu e biu mi kasigu e potsoa My poli n. a type of snake. back was sore and my sister massaged it. polito ( polipolito) n. circle. 2 potsoa v. to grab fish out of the water with politoa v. 1. to roll up and make into a circle. 2. to encircle. the hand. catch fish (with the hand). Hamu baka ba politoa kau nia Hira ba potsoa hahano i kuma Children, go and form a circle around They've gone to grab fish at the lake. that dog. potsu n. taro beetle which eats the maturing See also talihutia roots. polo(na) n. 1. clothes. 2. cloth. material. puha n. a type of tree used to make polopolona baka n. womb. uterus. See women's bark skirts. See also koga also poroporona baka. valevalena baka puka t'. to fall (down) . Baka nia ngara rongona hia puka 38

That child is crying because he fell R down. v. 1 pukalia to drop. ra poss, adi their. See Appendix F. Nau u pukalia buka I dropped the 2 book. ra pron, them. See also nau puka ra3 predicate marker, they. See Appendix puka lihi(a) v. 1. to fall off or away from. E. 2. to recede (flood water). Niu e puka sivo A coconut fruit just fell rabo adj. 1. paralysed. 2. numb. See also down. bata Kolo e lava mana tahuneni e tuturiha rabu n. tatoo. puka sivo The river was big, but now the water is starting to recede. Hia tamanina avo rabu He has a lot of tatoos. puke n. a type of fish-net. rabu(a) v. to tatoo. Sei rabuho? Who tatooed you? Who puku n, 1. clan, line. 2. knot. gave you a tatoo? Nau go puku a garavu My clan is the Big Line. raena n. forehead. Tahoa alo mo agosia puku Take the rope and make a knot. raga v. to pull. See also rau2, vunguvungu Hia raga limana kasina maka muria He pulled his brother's arm so that he pukua v. to knot, tie (up), tighten. See would follow him. also kurua, soria, rohia Nau raga sivoa hue I pulled the rattan pukupukuha adj. tangled. knotted, (vine) down. ravelled. Alo nia e sola pukupukuha That rope raho n. a type of tree with white flowers. is really tangled. ramitsia v. to whip. pukuna n. buttocks. Baka nia petsakoe mi nau ramitsia hinia hai That child disobeyed and I punguna n, smoke. hit him with a stick. Nau u berenia punguna kebe mu pada tsikai vale i ai I saw the smoke rangia v. 1. to warm (something) or to dry from a fire and thought that there was (it) by putting (it) over or close to the fire. a house there. 2 . to be warmed or dried by the sun. Ke Maria rangia kake lihina kebe purasania v. to forget. maka bila Maria warmed the taro Nau purasania go kei i vale I forgot near the fire so that it would be hot. my bag at the house. Nau rangia pologu lihina kebe maka Nau purasania asana daki nia I forget mamatsa I put my clothes near the that woman's name. fire so that they would be dry. purasanipitsua v. to completely forget Aso rangia huligu me sola biu The sun about (something), let slip one's mind, burned (warmed) my skin and it's forget all about. very sore. Nau gesa pada, Nau purasanipitsua Aso rangia pologu me mamatsa The lepo I just thought of it. I completely sun warmed (dried) my clothes and forgot about the meeting. they're dry now. pure n. a type of edible greens. raparapa adj. hot, spicy (as chilli). (cf. mali mali, vavai) pusu(a) 1'. 1. to spit out (food, etc.). 2. to chase out, drive out, exorcise (sickness or rapona n. wing (of bird). devils) by spitting out chewed betelnut at 1 the sick person. rara n. a flowering tree with red blossoms. 2 rara v. to shed leaves (of tree). putania (putangia) v. to cut open by making a hole (as in opening a coconut to v. 1. 2. drink or digging out a hole in a log to make rarai to wake up. to be awake. a tabili) . Nau gesa rarai I just woke up. Hia rarai vata me ta vata makuru He's still awake. He hasn't slept yet. (cf. halisia) 39

rarasa v. to shoot out in a steady stream Hoe reidoua dalegu tahuna hoe (as urine) . reitutuhua Watch my child carefully when you're looking after him. rarati n. axe. See also hila, kilekile, matau See also berengidoua rarautolu n. a creeping vine with purple rei hila v. to recognise. identify. flowers and bean-like pods. Nau taiha reihilaho rongona hoe mai raria v. to slide something up and down (like sauna I didn't recognise you because a zipper) . you were comi ng from far away. Nau reihila vaka nia I recognise that raro n. sea tortoise. (cf. vonu) ship. I can identify that ship. rasana n. gills of a fish. See also berehila (cf. karusahi)

rasu n. fog. reikarusahi n. dusk. Hami mi tsau vera tahuna e ratia 1'. 1. to cut a path through thick bush reikarusahi We reached the village at with a bush knife. 2. to knock out or down dusk. with a stick. Hira ratia tsikai sala vaolu i tsukuna reingaoa v. to admire. see (something) and They cut a new path in the bush. want it or something like it. Nau ratia manu tohuna hai me puka I Nau sola reingaoa valemu. Nau doto knocked the bird out of the tree and it atsia tsikei vaha I really admire your fell down. house. I'm going to build one like it. See also sanatia ratou pron. they (the three of them) . reinunu v. to imitate. copy, follow the ratsa adj. rotten and decomposing (fruit, example of. dead body . cf. poto ) ( ) Piroko tahoa alo me agosia luluhu. E rats a v. to drag along the ground. reinunu sana nanana The baby girl took some rope and made a backpack. ratsia v. to provoke (especially argument or She's imitating her mother. fight) . Mare e sola dona ratsia vaikorehi reisavia v. to dislike (people) . See also Mare is always provoking arguments. beresavia 1 reitaonia v. 1. to watch over. guard. rau n. generic name for leaves of plants. trees. etc. protect. 2. to look after. care for especially children . 2 ( ) rau n. clan. line. Hoe reitaoni doua baka nia tahuna Hoe a rau sava? What is your clan 7 horo samuho Look after that child See also puku, vunguvungu carefully while he's staying with you. See also peroa, turua rau a baka n. placenta . Na rau a baka e taiha sivo hiasa reitutuhua v. 1. to watch over. guard, rongona nanana e ba i vale tatali protect. 2. to look after. care for. See The placenta didn't come out that's also arahoa, beretutuhua why the mother went to the clinic. reivula v. to menstruate.

rauhabu n. a type of red shrub. reo (a) v. to turn upside down (in order to empty . 2. to pour out . 3. to spill. rauka pron. they the two of them . ) ( ) ( ) Hoe reoa mo kei. Nau pada go bua i rauka sui pron. both (of them) . lalo Turn your bag upside down. I think my betel nut is inside. rauna n. leaf. Hoe reo a kolo lalona tseu maka vonu Pour the water into the coconut shell ravi v. to take shelter especially from the ( to fill it up. rain) . Langi mai mi nau ravi na vavana hai Basia kasikasia belabela. Kolo daka It was raining and I took shelter under reo Don't shake the table. The water a tree. is going to spill. reo lihia t'. to empty out. pour out. reidoua v. to watch carefully. Hoe reidoua sala rongona taiha rerei v. to look (like) . appear (to be) . sahata dou Be careful on the path Hia rerei vaha tamana He looks like his because it is not very good. father. 40

rerei dou mate adj. beautiful. gorgeous. rongonidoua v, to heed, pay attention to. rerei vaha v. to look strange. look Hamu baka mu rongonidoua sava different, look funny. tisa koea You children pay attention Soa nia rerei vaha He looks strange. to what the teacher is saying. rongonihila v. 1. to hear and understand. rerena n. white foam on the sea surface 2. to recognise by the sound. when a school of fish (especially bonito) is Baka nia e taiha rongonihilau tahuna feeding. nau lepo na lepo ni Pitsin That child resia v. to see. 2. to look at. See also doesn't understand me when I talk in berengia Pijin. Nau rongonihila leponi neni mu taiha ria n. ginger plant. soba dona lepoa I understand this language, but I cannot speak it. rio v. to bleed: used with habu(na) . Nau kala limagu mana habu e rio I Nau rongonihila mangamu I recognise cut my hand and it's bleeding. your voice. See also habuha. tsatsara rongoningaoa v. to hear and like or agree with. ritsia v. to tear, rip. Papada hana hoe koea nau Baka nia ritsia polona me taritsi That rongoningaoa Your idea sounds good child ripped his clothes and they are to me. torn now. rongovaha v. to sound like (something) . (d. taritsi) T sikei maleho nia e rongovaha vakalovolovo Something sounds like rodo n. dark, darkness. an aeroplane. Hia matahunia rodo He's afraid of the dark. rongovata v. to listen to. Nau sove vavano na rodo I don't want Nau rongovata radio na dani popono to walk in the dark. I listened to the radio the whole day.

roporopo (roropo) n. morning. (cf. roge n. tapeworm. lolongana) rohe adj. toothless. rorona n. nape of the neck. rohia v. to tie and knot tightly. See also Kusi e halatia dalena na rorona The kurua. pukua. soria cat picked up (bit) her kitten by the nape of the neck. rongomanga (na) v. to obey, heed. Gogosi nia daka reitutuhuho. Hoe ho rorongo II. to make a noise or sound. rongomangana That old woman is Sava rorongo vaha? What is making going to look after you. Mind her. that noise? Hoe rongomanga. Laka petsakoe You rorongona n. a sound. obey. Don't disobey. Sava rorongona leta neni? What is 1 the sound of thisletter? rongona conj. because. Hia sola melu rongona atina mate roropo n. See roporopo He's very sad because his wife died . 2 rota v. to suffer: n .. burden. suffering. rongona n. reason, purpose. Tahuna kavua vasua baka me sola Basia mai neni tahuna nau taiha rota When she delivered her baby she horo. Taiha laka tsikei rongona really suffered. hoe doko mai Don't come here when Maleho nia i nau go rota That is my I'm not here. There is no reason for suffering. you to come. rota bola v. to suffer for nothing. be rongona sava adv. why?, for what inconvenienced. waste time. reason? Nau agosia uta mi hira bolo ra hania. Rongona sava i Bobi ba i Honiara? Nau rota bola I made a garden, but Why did Bob go to Honiara? the pigs ate it up. I just wasted my time. rongonia v. to hear. Nau u rongonia baka ngara na rotasia t'. to cause to suffer. bongina I heard a child crying in the E tabu a rotasia maleo mauri sui Do night. not create sufferings to all living creatures. 41

rua v. to sell. See also hutuvahi. tavetoba Gare nia tamanina bolo me mahuli ruveruve v. See ruvetea rua That man has a pig and he's willing to sell it. ruvete n, a fan. tsabiria See also ruvetea (ruveruve) v. to fan. ruboa (ruborubo) v. to weed. See also Ki Odi e ruvetea rnakana rongona sisi a sola hovahova Odi is fanning her ( ) face because she's really perspiring. ruborubo v. See ruboa S rudu n. tree or plant growing new shoots. rudua v. to prune. sabaha n, a type of softwood tree with ruhia v. to find something (not lost by fragrant white blossoms. oneself) and pick it up. Nau ruhia polo i sala. Polona sei? sabalia v. to cut off a branch or a small tree found this clothing on the road. with a single stroke of the knife. Whose clothing is it? l s�esae n. fiance(e ) . (cf. tsapatuhua) I Jone na saeasae ki Maria John is Maria's fiance. ruhu v. 1. to hunt (especially for wild pig). 2. 2 to duck under or stoop suddenly under a saesae v. to betroth, engage. low-lying object. Jone e saesae ovea ki Maria John is Hai e puka utusia sala mi hami ruhu i engaged to Maria. vavana The tree fell down and we 1 ducked underneath it. saga v. to bear nowers. ruka adj. two. Hai nia taiha saga That tree does not bear flowers. rukanina adf second. 2 rukapatu adj. twenty. saga v, to have a covering or coating (of ruka sangatu adj. two hundred. tongue) . Baka pepetsi e masahe me saga rupia v. 1.to blink (the eyes). 2. to wink. lapina The small child is sick and his Hia rupia rnakana rongona pasapasa tongue is coated. sahe lalona He blinked his eyes because he had dust in them. sagana n. flower of a tree or bush. (cf. kulikuli) Hia rupia tsikei makana vania kavua nia He winked at her. sahata ad!,. very (used only for negative, follows taiha . ruru v. to pick up and take away (as in ) picking up coconuts from the ground). Kolo neni e taiha sahata namo This river is not very deep. Nau ba ruru niu I'm going to pick up coconuts. (cf. sola) (cf. tiro) sahavanihila v. to thi n k logically, to reason, understand. ruru v. to burn brightly. Nau uvia kebe me ruru lava I blew on sahavia v. to feel sorry (for), sympathise the fire and it's burning brightly. (with), feel bad (about) (not used as an apology, for there is no word for 'sorry' in ruruma n, name. the apologetic sense, instead Pijin sori is Berenia ruruna kebe. E lapilapi babai often used). Look at the flame of the fire licking all about. sahe v. 1. to go or get into (something), come in, enter. 2. to be in or on (bus, rutsu II, to go out of. come out of. bike, truck, canoe, etc.). Nau rutsu sivo i vale I went out of the Hoe. sahe na haioko Get into the house. canoe. Nau tongoa bolo mana lapina rutsu Sahe mai i vale Come into the house. mangana I strangled the pig and its Nau taiha vavano. Nau sa he na tongue came out of its mouth. tarake I didn't walk. I (came) in the rutsurutsu v, to have diarrhoea. truck. Nau rutsurutsu na dani popono I've sahelaloa v. to mi.l( up together. had diarrhoea all day. 42

sahelia v. 1. to put on (clothes). 2. to Vale nia a vale sasani sana Resi That wear (clothes). house is the classroom belonging to Ba sahelia polomu Go and put on your Resi. clothes. See also ovea1 See Appendix F. Jone e sahelia polona dou tahuna hira sangavia vera sasani John wore sanatia v. to admire. good clothes when they opened the Nau sanatia valemu. E rerei dou I school. admire your house. It looks nice. See also titia See also reingaoa sahi n. a type of fishhook made of bone. sanga v. to help, assist. Nau eutu to agosi konigu. Hoe ho sai (saisai) adv. 1. together. 2. altogether. mai sangau I cannot do it myself. in all. Come and help me. Hira ago saisai na uta They're working 2 together in the garden. See also ovea Visa vuana hira saisai? How many sasanga v. to help (with something). fruits are there altogether? E dou hoe ho sasanga atsi vale It's good that you're helping to build the saisaina n. joint (any place where two things join together to form a joint). house. sangavulu adj. sala v. to collect and throw away rubbish ten. (especially grass. leaves. etc.). sangavulu tsikai adj. eleven. salaha(na) n. embers or coals of a fire. sania prep. at, from, of. Hira baka ra tsolo saniu The children sala(na) 11. road. path. way. are laughing at me. Hami dami muria sala vaolu We are Nau tsoho sania vale neni rongona e going to follow the new road. potsa I'm running away from this Nau muria na sala lesu I'm following house because it has a hole in it. the way of Jesus. Ba Iihi sania matsapa Get out of the 1 doorpway. salana n. 1. position. 2. place (in which to do somethi ng). saovia v. to splash with liquid. Taluvisua buka na salana hoto Put Hami tsatsangi i kolo mi ki Oliva e the book back in the correct position. saoviu mi nau botsi We were playing Nia salana dou a leleso There's a good in the river, Oliva splashed me and I place to bathe. got wet. See also nauna sarana n. the individual leaves or fronds of a 2 salana n. evidence. sign (of something). coconut branch. See also habana Hira bolo ra mai neni na bongi. Nau sarasi n. market (place). berengi sa lara The pigs came here last night. I see the evidence. sarasi(a) v. to (go) and meet someone with goods to barter (a traditional way salili n. general name for fishhook of any of marketing). type. Hira ra ba sarasi They've gone to 1 barter goods. sal0 n. broom. brush. saloa v. to sweep. saroa (sarovia) t'. to caress. stroke. Ki Kuva saloa valena Kuva is sweeping I Jone e sarovia kusi John stroked the her house. cat. 2 Nau saroa mamangona baka rongona sal0 (salosalo) v. to swim. e taiha asease dou I stroked the Baka e lulumi rongona taiha dona child's chest because he was having salo The child drowned because he trouble breathing. didn't know how to swim. sarovia v. See saroa sana prep. with, from, of, belonging to. A baka pepetsi i sana ki Maria The sasaha (sasaha dou) adj. clever. wise, small child is with Maria. intelligent. Basia voli bereti i sana Jou Don't buy sasahana n. personality. character. bread from Joe. Nau sola reingaoa sasahana Bobi I really admire Sob's character. 43

sasaha seko adj. naughty. mischievous. Baka sava daka ba? Which child will Baka nia e sasaha seko rongona go? tamana e taiha sasani doua That Buka sava hoe ngaloa? What kind of child is naughty because his father did book do you want? not teach him well. savi! adj. bad. awful. terrible. sasania v. 1. to educate. instruct. teach. 2. Nau sola vatsangi sa vi rongona u lea r n, go to school. masahe I really feel awful because I'm Nau sasania lepona T 010. Soa nie e sick. sasaniu I'm learning the Tolo 2 language. He is teaching me. savi v. to miss. fail to hit (target) . I Jone sasani i Tenaru John is going to Nau baloa bolo me savi I threw a school at Tenaru. spear at the pig but missed. See hadoa sasavula v. to dry (the body) . See savula saviria (kokovena) v. to carry (something) sasi adj. wrong; n., mistake. fa ult, error. slung from the shoulder. Nau koea utuni mi hoe 0 sasi. Hoe saviria lovana v. to carry (something) taiha dodona I'm right and you're slung from the crown of the head or the wrong. You don't know. forehead. See also labu saviria Hira taiha kuta rongona na sasi Jone It was John's fault that they did not savitia v. to miss. fail to meet. eat. Nau savitia Bobo rongona hia muria sasia adv. wrongly. mistakenly. sala vaolu mi nau muria sala tuali I Nau u ngaloa koea kolo mu koe sasia didn't meet Bob because he followed kola I wanted to say kolo but I the new road and I followed the old mistakenly said kola. road. Nau savitia vaka rongona e ba na saua v. to stretch or put out (one's hand, a lolongana bongibongi I missed the stick, etc.) . ship because it left at dawn. Saua maia limamu mo tahoa niu Put See also pitsangia out your hand and take this coconut. adv. 2. Soa nia e kore me saua na isi vaniu savua (savusavu) 1. quickly, fast. He was angry and pointed his knife early. toward me. Mai savusavu, savua mai Come quickly. sauba (sau ba vaso) adv. in the past. a Hia taiha mai savusavu me savitia long time ago. vaka He didn't come early and missed Hira i sau ba va so ra dona hani gare the ship. In the past people were cannibals. ate See also kesa human fiesh. savula v. 1. to wipe clean or dry (by sau ba va so adv. See sauba rubbing) . 2. to erase, rub out. sauhalaha v. to raise up. stretch upward Savula belabela. E botsi Wipe the table. It's wet. (hand. etc.) Tina vaha hoe 0 dodona mo Nau savulara peleti I'm dryi ng the sauhalaha limamu If you know, raise dishes. your hand. Savula sava boe 0 marea Erase what you wrote. sauna (sola saul adv. far away. distant. See also sasavula Merika e sauna tania Rasia America is far away from Russia. se COTl). or. See also a02 Sei daka mai? Bobi se Susana? Who is going to come? Bob or Susan? saurongo n. a message. Vaha vei? Hoe ngaloa hananeni se Hia tahoa go saurongo vania Pesi He hanania Do you want this one or that took my message to Percy. one? ! sava pron. what? sei pron . who, whom. Sava nia? What is that? Sei daki nia? Who is that woman? Sava hoe 0 koea? What did you say? Sei daka ba? Who will go? Sei hoe berenia? Whom did you see? sava2 adj. which? what kind of? 44

sei laka pron. who else? anyone else? brothers when she takes a husband; a Sei laka daka muria i Jone? Who else woman also pays this compensation to the is going to go with John? Is anyone brothers when they (the brothers) hear a else going to go with John? third person speaking ill of or swearing at her, and a man pays the compensation to sei moi pron. anyone. his sisters in a like situation. Sei moi e ngaloa ba e dona ba. Sei Bili e siale vania vavinena tahuna e moi e ngaloa horo e dona horo taulahi Billy paid compensation to his Anyone who wants to go can go. sister when he got married. Anyone who wants to stay can stay. sei na interr. whose? siama n, virgin (of either sex). Sei na kei neni? Whose bag is this? sibosibo na n. dew. Hia dalena sei? Whose child is he? ( ) sihini a v. to smell. seko adj. bad, no good. ( ) Mai mo sihinia sopu neni. E sihini Hia baka seko He's a bad boy. dou Come and smell this soap. It Kumara neni e seko va so This potato smells good. is no good. T ahuna ate e tuturiha ratsa e sola See also taulaka sihini seko When sago palms start to sekona pron. bad one. rot they smell bad. (cf. mabulu) sekolia v. 1. to spoil. damage, harm. 2. to speak ill of. sila n. corn (vegetable). Nau lua buka i pita mana langi e sekolia I left the book outside and the sina v. 1. to shine (of sun). 2. to stop rain damaged it. raining. Laka sekolia gare nia, Hia gare dou Dani daka sina dou aso Today there Don't speak ill of that man. He's a will be nice sunshine. Today will be a good man. sunny day. sekolipitsua v. to destroy. A langi e sina mi gami ba lela The rain stopped and we went walkabout. seleveuru n, a type of cricket (insect). sisi(a) v. to weed. senge adi grey-haired. Hira daki ra sisia verara The women Hia taiha tugatuga me senge va so weeded their villages. He's not an old man but he's already See also ruboa grey-haired. See also vuare sisila v, 1 to smile. 2. to show one's teeth. Hoe sisila, Nau to tahoa pitsamu sere adj. 1. white. 2. clean. Smile. I'm going to take your picture. Hulina gare nia e sere rongona hia gare ni Igilan His skin is white sisiruna n. feelers (of insects). because he's an Englishman. sisiruna rnakana n. 1. eyelashes. 2. Ba vulia limamu maka sere Go wash eyebrows. your hands so that they'll be clean. siu adj. nine. See also hele. male siunina adj. ninth. sese n. compensation; v .. to pay siusangavulu adj. ninety. compensation, compensate (this is used for all non-specific types of compensation). sivo tI. to descend. Nau to sese vaniho rongona nau sivo mai v. to come down, come out. labusiho I will pay compensation to sivo matena adj. inexpensive. you because I hurt you. Polo neni e sola sivo matena This Toma e kusu sese vania Jone clothing is very inexpensive. rongona hia e asu vania Tom gave sivo pita v. to go outside. compensation to John because he swore at him. sivosivo n. a type of cricket (i nsect). (cf. siale. titiulu) soa pron. 1. he. 2. him. See also hia. kavua siale v. to pay com pensation to one's siblings or cousins of the opposite sex: a soba adv. simply, only, just, merely. man pays (compensation) to his sisters k Nau ta dodona mu pada soba vaha I when he ta es a wife, or a woman pays her don't know. I just think so. 45

Nau doto makuru i ai ruka soba dani Nau sovera bolo I don't like pigs. I'm going to sleep there for only two Nau sovea ke Maria ka ba rongona ka days. horo maka kuta vatsikai I don't sobia v. to cut something soft (e.g. want Maria to go because she should pawpaw). See also sosoa stay and eat first. Hira baka ra ba lela mi nau sovea The soha adv. again. children went for a walk but I didn't Vaka e visu mai soha The ship came want to go. back again. Nau koe vania baka ka muriu mi hia See also laka sove I told the child to come with me but he refused. sola adv. used to express a degree of plenty: 1. very, really. 2. plenty, a lot of. 3. suda n. a gun. enough. suda v. to shoot with a gun. See also Bukegu e sola biu My back is very vanasia sore. Sola e bila It's very hot. sudavia v. 1. to interrupt. 2. to brave Sola e avo vausa i ai There are a lot of (something) . people there. i Jone sola dona sudavia tutuhunu Vaha vei? Hoe ngaloa visana laka? John is always interrupting stories. Taiha, E sola vasa Do you want Nau ngaloa lepo mi Pita sudaviu I some more? No, there's enough now. want to talk but Peter is interrupting See also avona, tohana me. adj. I T oma e sudavia na kolo lava me ba sola dou mate excellent, the best. tsau i Naho John braved the running solahana adv. very (solahana comes rivers and reached Naho. after the adjective it describes, whereas sola comes before). sudua v. to hit, bang, bump (one's body). Tuagu e biu solahana Please translate Nau sa he na matsapana vale mu example. sudua lovagu I came in the door and sola matena adj. expensive. hit my head. Nau sudua kakaugu lava na tuagu na sola sau adv. See sauna vatu me malala I banged my big toe on a stone and it's torn open and solo n. the isolated areas in the middle of bleeding. the island, the middle of the bush. See also tsukuna (d. hadoa, labua) soloa v. to beckon, call by gesture. See also suha n. a type of edible greens. kalopia suhia v. to husk coconuts. somoi adv. anyway, regardless, no matter suhuna n. 1. corner . 2. a small stand or what. patch of trees (coconut, betelnut. sago somu 11. a short string (not longer than the palm). length of a fi nger) of single white shell Ba vorasia avulimu na suhuna vale monies, joined to a single peda on a Go and spread out your bed in the separate string. corner of the house. Nau go suhuna bua na nauna neni soria v. to tie (up). See also kurua, pukua, This is my stand of betel nut trees at rohia this place here. sosoa v. to cut something soft (such as (d. bengena) bread or pawpaw) with a knife. suhutia v. 1. to claim ownership of. 2. to obstruct, be in the way. be an impediment. sosori (na) n. knot. Timo e suhutia go pita pita mi nau soto n. a flowering tree with white volia Tim is claiming ownership of my blossoms, usually found near the sea. land but I bought it. sotona n. 1. juice which is extracted when Nau ngaloa talua tuhuru neni mu the 'meat' of a coconut is squeezed. 2. eutu rongona vatu lava e suhutia I juice of tsela or vala nuts. want to put a post here but I cannot because a big stone is in the way. sove(a) v. 1. to not like, dislike. 2. to not See also utusia want. 3. to refuse. 46 sui v. 1. to be finished. completed. be over. Nau eutu a tahosahea belabela i vale 2. afterward (s ) (when that is finished) . rongona tuana e susuhu I cannot Ago e sui The work is fi nished. take the table into the house because its leg is in the way. Buka neni e haravia sui This book is almost completed. See suhutia Tuturihana nau vasia kumara. Sui, susuina flo 1. edge. border. 2. end. 3. last mi nau vasia vutsi At first I planted (one) . final (one) . sweet potato and then afterwards I Ba vasia vutsi i susuina uta i ata Go planted bananas. and plant the bananas on the eastern suilania v. to finish. complete. edge of the garden. Nau masu vaso. Vaha vei? Hoe Neni a susuina go tutuhunu This is dona suilania vanga neni? I"m the end of my story. already full. Can you finish this food? Nau eutu to palaho a mavuru Nau doto ba. Hoe ho suilania ago rongona i neni a susuina I cannot I"m going to go. You complete the give you any tobacco because this is work. the last one. suia v. to throw. throw away. susuliha adj. strong (person. current in Suia bolo. Nau doto daua Throw the river) . ball. I'll catch it. Soa nia e sola ba susuliha He is very suibola v. to discard. throw away. throw strong. out. Nau matahu a 010 i kolo rongona e suilihia v. to discard. throw away. throw sola susuliha I'm afraid to wade in out. the river because it's running strongly. cf. ngatsi suilua v. 1. to discard. throw away. throw ( ) out. 2. to intentionally leave something susulihana n. strength. power. behind. susungi v. to carry on top of the head. Davide e suilua na isi i tsukuna David intentionally left his knife in the bush. T suitahanoa v. to lose. Ezi e suitahanoa go isi Ezi lost my knife. tabalolo n. banyan tree. See taha no ( ) tabana n. 1. side. 2. half (of coconut. betel n ut. etc. . sukulia v. to punch with closed fist . ) ( ) Ba husuvia pepa na rumu tabana i sula v. to encourage. vava Go and look for the paper in the Jone e sula Toma mi rauka ba belia room on the west side. bolo John encouraged Tom to steal a Hia ba i tabana ka ago i Honiara He pig with him. had gone to the other side to work in Gare nia e sula i dale'na ka sasani dou Honiara. That man encourages his child to do Tea bua mi nau go tabana Cut the well in school. betelnut and I'll have half. cf. busuna sulina n. bone. See also kauna ( ) tabana ba adv. beyond. on the other side sulua v. to carry in front in the arms. of. Sulua kesi nia mo talua i vale Carry Nau valegu i tabana ba kolo that box and put it in the house. Alivahato My house is on the other See also voua side of the Alivahato River. suluhalaha v. to lift up with both arms in tabana mai adv. on this side of. front. tabana sana idiom (it is) up to (him) . (his) decision. susu n. pointed stake used to husk Tabana sara daki tina vaha hira dara coconuts. ngaloa mai se taiha It is up to the susuhu v. 1. to toss and turn. roll all around women whether they come or not. It while sleeping. 2. to be in the way. to be is the women' s decision as to whether an obstruction or impediment. or not they come. Baka nia makuru me sola dona See Appendix F. susuhu That child is sleeping and tabara 7l. big red ant found in coconut trees. moving all over the place. 47

tabe v. to open the hand with palm facing Tahuna nau ago i Honiara nau taho up to receive something. tsasangatu dola lalona tsikai soba Tina vaha ihoe 0 ngaloa tsela mo wiki When I worked in Honiara I got tabe If you want a nut. open up and one hundred dollars a week. put out your hand. Jone ba papago me taiha tahoa ka tsikai hahano John went fishing but tabea v. to adopt (a child) . didn't catch a single fish. tabelio n. cloth used for swaddling infants. taho bola v. to take something without paying for it. tabili n. wooden vessel used to smash nut tahohalaha v. to take up, pick up. kernels in. taholaka v. to add, take another, take tabosa v. to be broken, cracked or split more. (especially containers such as a clay pot. Taho-Iaka ka tsikai vuana niu Add bilo) . another coconut. Bilo e puka me tabosa The water taholihia v. 1. to take away. 2. to take container fell down and was cracked. out. 3. to take off. See bosil Taholihia mata taniu Take the snake away from me. tabotabo n. temptation. Taholihia sigareti na poroporona Mika e talu tabotabo vania Enriko Take a cigarette out of the Mike tempted Henry. package. Taholihia polomu Take off your tabu adj. 1. holy, sacred. 2. forbidden. clothes. tabua v. to consecrate, make holy. tahomai(a) v. to bring. tahomate v. to wage war. tabusa v. to be broken and splintered (as bamboo). tahu(na) n. time. Hau e tabusa The bamboo has Tahu sava tahuneni? What time is it splintered. now? See busa Nau ba i Kidivoroa tsikei soba tahuna I only went to Kidivoroa once. tada adv. eastward, toward the east. See tahu e sui adv. the last time, (time) also ata before. tae(na) n. faeces. shit. Nau tahu e sui I nau horo i Merika I lived in America before. tagia 11. to braid, plait. See also bongi ba tagitagiha adj. frizzy (as hair). tahu ka mai adv. in the future. ta�ulibahe n. a fast-growing twisting vine Nau doto ba i Saena lalona ka tsikai lalso called alo purago 'frog rope'). tClhu ka mai I'll go to China at some time in the future. tagoligia v. to remove. tahu mana tahu adv. 1. forever. 2. ta�utagu v. to crawl on hands and knees repeatedly, time and time again. las a baby) . Barangengo eutu ka mauri na tahu Baka e tolu soba vulana me dona mana tahu The world cannot exist tagutagu That child is only three forever. months old but he can crawl. Tahu mana tahu nau koe vaniho mi (cf. hete) hoe 0 taiha dona rongoni lepo I've told you repeatedly but you haven't taha(no) adj. lost. heard what I've said. Hira baka ra tsatsangia bolo me taha tahuna adv. when, while, during (the The children were playing with the time) . ball and it is lost now. T ahuna nau horo i Apirika nau hania (cf. suitahanoa) elepani While I lived in Africa I ate taha bola v. to disappear. elephant. Tahuna langi nau horo i vale When it tahavia v. to go fishing with a tow line. rains I stay in the house. be taho(a) v. 1. to take, accept. 2. to gain, See also get, receive. 3. to catch (fish). tahuneni adv. 1. now, this time. 2. at Nau ngaloa hoe doho tahoa vanga once, immediately. neni I want you to take this food. 48

Mai na tahuneni Come at once. taiha tamani adj. poor (not having tahu sava adv. when (past sense). money or possessions). Na tahu sava hoe 0 horo i Honiara? Gare nia sola e taiha tamani That man When did you live in Honiara 7 is very poor. (cf. ngisa taiha tangomana V. to be unable (to do ) something). fail. tahu vatalena n. interval. time between. Pita e tovoa panitsia tarake me taiha Na tahu vatalena havai hira gare dara tangomana Peter tried to the linge In the interval between dances fix the men will sing. truck but he failed . taiha ulahana adj. unsuitable. ineligible. 1 taia (taitai) 1'. to throw something (at Gare nia e taiha ulahana ka taulahi something), rongona sola e hoso That man is Ke Maria e taia i Jou hinia vatu Maria unsuitable for marriage because he's threw a stone at Joe. very lazy. 2 taiha vata (ta vata) adv. not yet. still taia (taitai) v. 1. to play (guitar). 2. to not. ring (bell). Hia ba i Kolotabu me ta vata visu Bobi e taia gita Bob is playing the mai He went to Kolotabu and has still guitar. not come back. A baka e taia belona lotu The child rang the bell for prayer. taitai v. See taia taiha adt'o 1. no. 2. not. tako n. shield. Taiha. Eutu hoe 0 ba No. You cannot A malahai e tahoa na tako mana balo go. The warrior took his shield and spear. Hia taiha mai He did not come. takubu 11. to be broken (as leg. stick. stool. taiha dona ba i one adJ. constipated. etc.) . taihalaka (ta laka) adj. 1. none. not any. Tuana i Jone e takubu tahuna hira no more. 2. never. baka ra tsatsangi John's leg was Taiha laka vanga i neni There's no broken when the children were more food here. playing. Hia taiha laka dona lotu He never See also kubua prays. taiha ngatsi adj. 1. loose. 2. fragile. takudi V. to be broken (as line. string. easily broken. 3. soft (not solid). hammock. bag. etc.). Nau kurua vale me taiha ngatsi I tied How dona mono na avuli tsautsau. up the house but it"s loose. Eutu ka takudi You can lie down in the hammock. It will not break. A bilo e taiha ngatsi A bilo is fragile. See also kudia, tapitsu lakana niu neni e taiha ngatsi The fiesh of this coconut is soft. tala (talamia, tala mania) V. 1. to agree taiha oka adv. before long. in a little (with). approve (of) . 2. to allow. let. while. Sava ki Esta koea nau tala soba I Taiha oka nau doto visu 1"11 be back in agree with what Esther said. a little while. Nau talamia i dalegu ka ba sasani I taiha padahila V. to be confused (about). allowed my child to go to school. not understand. See also kilia Hira vausa ra taiha padahila sava nau ta laka tsika adj. not a single. not one. not koea The people are confused about any. what I said. E ta laka tsika baka na vera sasani taiha savusavu adv. late. There is not a single child at school. Hira gare ra ba vaso rongona hoe 0 taiha savusavu The men have talakongi V. to nod the head (in approval. already gone because you were late. affirmation or agreement). taiha tala V. to object (to). disapprove Tahuna Jone e vaisua ke Maria me (of). disagree (with). hia e talakongi When John asked Beni e taiha tala I nau to tahoa na Maria she nodded her head in haioko Ben objects to my taking his agreement. canoe. tala mania V. See tala Nau taiha tala sava hoe 0 koea I disagree with what you are saying. 49

talamia v. See tala tania prep. from. of. at. Nau veragu e ao tania vera neni My talana n. school of fish . ( ) home is a long way from here. taleha v. 1. to point (to) . point (at) . 2. to See also sania reveal. show. tano n. small hill. heap or mound of earth Taleha vania ki Rosi a sala Show Rose especially in the garden . See also tavuhi the road. ( ) 1 See also tatea. tsaria taovia n. a big man. chief. leader. 2 taletale(na) n. row or line in a garden. See Taovia n. God. also lusu tapala v. to be broken (of glass) . talihu v. to cross. go across. tapitsu v. to be broken (of hammock. woven Nau horo i vale mu berengiho 0 talihu bag. etc. . i sala I was sitting in the house and ) saw you cross the road. Tsautsauna go kei e tapitsu The Ilandle of my bag is broken. talihutia v. to encircle. See also takudi. kapitsu Nau suia vuho me talihutia talana hahano I threw the net and encircled tapoa v. to touch. feel. a school of fish. Nau u tapoa vatu bila I touched a hot See also poliloa stone. tarakevu tarakivo. tariholi v. talina n. a six-stringed shell money. ( ) to be peeling. be flaking (of skin) . See also talinge n. generic name for mushroom. hevohevoha. kevukevuha

talua v. to put. place. tarakivo v. See tarakevu Talua buka tohuno belabela Put the tarese v. to be broken (as a container) : used book on top of the table. also for a 'broken' heart. See also tabosa talu baka vania v. to impregnate. talusivoa v. to put down. lower. tariholi v. See tarakevu T alusivoa mo luluhu na tsukasuka taritsi adj. torn. ripped (clothes. etc.) . See Put your backpack down on the ritsia stones. taruhia (tataru) v. to heal. cure. tamana n. father ( used to refer to him but Nau ba taruhia tsikai gare e masahe I not to address him) . (d. kaka) went to cure a sick man. tamania tamanina v. 1. to have. 2. to ( ) tarunga n. devil. ghost. spirit. own. possess. Hira baka ra tutu nina tarunga e lela Nau tamanina vale nia rongona nau pipi bongi The children believe that volia I own that house because I paid ghosts walk around every night. for it. tasi n. 1. sea. ocean. 2. salt-water. sea tamutamuna n. a part of the coconut tree water. which can be used as a filter. Nau ba tsatsangi i tasi I went to play Nau losia uvihai hinia tamutamuna in the sea. niu I squeezed the liquid out of the tapioca with a tamutamuna. Tahoa kolohau mo ba hutu tasi Take a bamboo container and go and get tangi 1'. 1. to cry. 2. to play (as a radio) . some sea water. 3. to ring (as a clock) . 4. to call. crow (as See also namo rodo bird. fowl) . to make the sound of a bird or tasiboko n. lagoon. fowl. A kokorako e tangi na haravina dani tatali n. a pad placed on the head to help in The rooster crowed at daybreak. carrying loads. See also ngara. ova tataru v. See taruhia tangomana v. 1. to be able. can. 2. to tatavongana adv. not knowin . without succeed. & knowing how to or why (one IS dOing Bobie tangomana agosia tanki simedi something) . Bob succeeded in building a cement Nau tatavongana soba atsia vale neni tank. 50

I'm building this house but I don't f'Jau e taviru a makagu mu puka I felt know what I'm doing, dizzy a nd I fell down. Nau tatavongana soba lela I don't See also ali know why I'm walking around, tavota v. 1. to separate, go different ways. tatavuti v, See tavui 2. to split in half. Hira vausa ra mai rongona tutuhunu, tate(a) v, 1. to show, demonstrate, 2, to sui, mara tavota The people all come pOint (at), point (out). for the story and afterwards they went Nau tate vania ke Laua a isuna Lauvi their separate ways. I pointed out Lauvi Point to Laua. A pilapila e sivolia me tavota ruka hai See also taleha, tsaria nia Lightning came down and split that tree in half. tauaka taukai n. coconut scraper. ( ) See vota tauka pran. 1. we. 2. us (you and I). tavuhi n. small hill, heap or mound of earth taukai n. See tauaka (especially in the garden). See also tano taulahi adj. married. tavui (tatavuti) v, to be broken down and Ngisa hamuka taulahi? When were collapsed (as a house). the two of you married? Vale nia e tavui na tahuna loha lava That house collapsed during the taulania v, to marry. strong wind. Nau doto taulania tsikai gare ni Boston I'm going to marry a man See vuia from Boston. tavula adv. 1. originally. 2. always (been). taulaka adj. 1. bad, no good. 2. useless. Nau tavula mai i Talise I originally worn out. came from Talise. Kumara e taulaka sui na langi The Limagu e tavula mai vaha somoi na sweet potato went bad in the rain. bakagu My arm has always been like Nau pologu e taulaka vaso My clothes this since childhood. are worn out already. tavuli n. conch shell blown to give warning See also seko or to call people together.

taumana n. edible root used to make tavunga( nal n. ridging of a house, top peak traditional 'ice cream'. of the roof.

tavalia prep. with, including. tekea (tekelihia) v, to drive out, chase Nau sola ngaloa bereti tavalia bata I away. really like bread with butter. Tekea lango Drive the flies away, Nau agosia bereti neni tavalia koluna Tekelihia bolo nia Chase that pig away. I made this bread with eggs. Hira tekelihia gare nia tania verana Hira baka tavalia ke Maria ra mai They drove that man out of his muri The children including Maria are village, coming behind. tekelihia v. See tekea ta vata ad1'. See taiha vata tete v. to walk on top of something (such as tavatavava 11. to stagger. a log or house beam) which is raised above Nau vanasia buluka me tavatavava ground level. me puka lihina bara I shot the cow and it staggered and fell down near tetena (tetete) n. a mountain. See also the fence. bobona Tara e sola inu bia me tavatavava tiana adi pregnant. See also kutu2 muria sala Tara drank a lot of beer and he staggered down the road. tina (tina vaha) prep. if, whether. tave adll. westward, to the west. See also Nau doto muriho tina vaha ka sin a I'll vava go with you if the sun is shining. Tina vaha ka langi se ka taiha nau tavetoba v. to have diarrhoea. See also doto ba somoi Whether it rains or hutuvahi, rutsurutsu not I'm going to go anyway.

taviru adj. dizzy, giddy from spinning. tina be n. string games (like eat's cradle). 51

tinaena n. intestines. Manu e toha na hai The bird alighted on the tree. tinagea v. to measure with outstretched thumb and middle finger. toha2 adJ. thousa nd. tiola n. a ca noe (not a dugout) made from tohana adj. plenty, a lot, many. planks lashed and glued together. (cf. Tohana Sadi nau dona ba lela Many haioko) Sundays I go for a walk. See also avona, sola tiro (tirohia) v. to go to look for somethi ng. Hira baka ra ba tiro niu The children tohia v. 1. to cut creeping vines. 2. to cut are going to look for coconuts. (bananas. coconuts. etc.) from the tree. Hami ba tirohia isi e tahano We went Ba halavia niu mo tohia vunguna Go to look for the lost knife. and climb that coconut tree and cut (cf. ruru) off a branch. tita n. a tree whose fruit is mashed and used tohonasi n. a flowering tree with white as a sealer for canoes. See pati blossoms. titia v. 1. to put on (clothes) . 2. to wear tohu adv. above. (clothes) (of women) . A manu e lovo i tohu na vale The bird Ba titia katsamu Go and put on your is flying above the house. katsa. tohuna adv. on top of. titihila n. example. Talura moli tohuna bela bela Put the oranges on top of the table. Tina hoe taiha padahila mi nau dona kusua ka tsikai titihila vaniho If you tokia v. to peck with beak (as birds) . don't understand I can give you an example. toko n. boar. male pig which has not been See also tovotovo castrated. (cf. bolo, kavi(na)) tolu three. titilona n. fi n of fi s h. adj. tolunina adj. third. titiulu n. compensation for serious breach of tolusangavulu adj. thirty. custom. I Jake e agosi titiulu vania i Sipi tongana n. brain. rongona e sabalia na bua Jackie Visana gare ra dona hania tongana made compensation to Sipi for cutting bolo Some people eat pig brains. down his betel nut tree. See also sese, siale tongoa v. to choke. strangle (pig. etc.) . Bobi e tongoa bolo bongi ba Bob tivutivu(a) v. to say hello or goodbye by strangled a pig the other day. waving the hand. Hira baka ra tivutivu vania ki Susana topuhu n. baked . mashed and softened taro tahuna hia e ba The children waved rolled in toasted coconut. goodbye to Susan when she went. tora(na) n. ashes (from fire) . tobalela v. to not value, not have a high totopo topotopopo adJ. boiling. regard for. ( ) Kolo totopo tahuneni. Nau doto Hira baka ra tobalela mara taiha agosia ti The water is boiling now. agosia ago hana pede vanira The I'm going to make some tea. children did not do the work which was assigned to them because they do totora n. firefly. lightning bug. not value it as important. tovoa v. to try. attem pt. tobana n. abdomen. belly. (cf. kutuna) Bobi daka tovoa vavano talihu na momoru Bob is going to try to walk tobaruka v. to doubt. disbelieve. across the island. Nau rongonia sava i Bili e koea mu tobaruka I heard what Billy said but I tovotovo 71. example. See also titihila doubt that it's true. tovu n. sugarcane. tobo n. a type of lizard. 1 tovusi (tovutovu) adj. different. another toha v. to land, alight (as bird) . (other than this one) . 52

4 2 Nau ta ngaloa polo neni. Nau ngal.oa tuhua v. See tuhula ka tsikei tovutovu I don ,t want this 1 3 cloth. I want a different one. tuhula (tuhua ) adj. eligible, qualified, tovutovusina n. difference. suitable. Ruka leta 0 mana T. ruka haravia Soa nia e taiha tuhula ka taulahi He's rorongo atsa. Vahavei? Hoe 0 not suitable for marriage. dona rongonihila tovutovusina The See also ulahana two letters D and T sound nearly 4 alike. Can you hear the difference? tuhua 11. to fit. Katsa neni taiha tuhulau. E sola lava tovutovu adj. See tovusi This katsa doesn't fit me. It's too big. tuali adj. old. Polo nia e tuhuho That clothing fits Nau a pologu sola e tuali My clothes you. are really old. tuhuna v. to talk about. tuana n. 1. leg. 2. foot. tuhunua v. to criticise. tuana seko (tuana taulaka) adj, crippled, lame. Hia tuhunua daki nia rongona taiha pala He criticised that woman Daki nia tuana e seko That woman is because she didn't feed him. crippled. tuhuru(na) n. post (of house, etc.) . tuatuana n. handle, stem (pipe) . tui v. to stand. tuetue n. a small freshwater shellfish. Hira baka ra tui lihina hai The children tugana adj. enormous. are standing near the tree. tuia v. to make something stand up, stand tugatuga (tutuga) n. old man. something up. tuhia v. to beat (drum) . Tuia hai nia Stand that stick up. 1 See also vaturia tuhua v. to meet. tui halaha v. to stand up. Hia ba tuhua kasina i Honiara He went to meet his brother in Honiara. tui hoto v. to stand up straight. 2. to line up (of people) . Nau doto ba tuhua vakalovolovo I'm Laka tui kekeu. Tui hoto Don't going to go tomeet the plane. slouch. Stand up straight. tuhua lepo v, 1. to talk back ( in response Hamu baka mu tui hoto neni Children, to another) . 2. to translate (language) . line up here. Daki nia sola dona tuhua lepo That woman always has an answer. That tui konina v, 1. to stand up by oneself. woman always answers back. 2. to be independent. tui muri na v. 1. to stand behind. 2. to tuhuvaioli (tuhuvaiolisi) v. to exchange ( ) with each other . bear witness for, back (someone) up, ( ) stand behind figuratively . Jone mai Kuva rauka tuhuvaioli a ( ) polo John and Kuva exchanged Ke Maria. mai mo tui murina ki Ana clothes with each other. Maria, come and stand behind Anna. Nau taiha belia mo seleni. Daki neni tuhuvisua v. to pay back, repay. e tui murigu I didn't steal your Nau doto tuhuvisua mo seleni na money. This woman is my witness. wiki ka mai I'll pay back your money tui utusia t'. to stand up against, oppose. next week. See also lepo utusia 2 tuhua v. 1. to take the place of. replace. 2. tula tulano v. to sew clothes . to repay. 3. to give back (as change) . ( ) ( ) Sei daka tuhuho? Who is going to Nau taiha dona tula polo I don't know take your place? how to sew. Hia taiha vata tuhua go seleni He has tulano v, See tula not yet repaid my money. Nau kusua tsikai dola mi hia tuhua tumarosu v, 1. to burp, belch. 2. to tolu a seleni I gave him a dollar and hiccough. he gave back thirty cents change. tunua v. 1. to light (lamp or fire) . 2. to tuhua3 adj. See tuhula1 burn the skin to make a raised scar tissue design. 53

Nau tunua bulu vasa I lit the lamp tsabiri a v. to sell. See also rua already. ( ) Sei tunua limamu? Who burned your tsagina n. 1. niece. 2. nephew. 3. uncle arm? (this is not used for fathers' brothers who are themselves considered as fathers). See also tutunu2 Dalena daki ke Maria hia tsagina i turi n. a debt: v., to owe a debt. See also Bili rongona Bili kasina ke Maria tsike Maria's daughter is Billy's niece because Billy is Maria's brother. turua v. to look after, care for (people only). Dalena gare ke Ana hia tsagina Jone See also reitaonia, peroa rongona Jone kasina ke Ana Anna's son is John's nephew because John is tutubu n. a kind of edible fern. See also Anna's brother. kumitsi Soa nia i tsagigu rongona hia kasina tutuga n. See tugatuga nanagu He's my uncle because he is my mother' s brother. tutuhunu(na) n. a story, tale. Nau doto koea tsika tutuhunu I'm tsakatsaka v. to protrude, stick out. going to tell a story. Hai nia e tsakatsaka na matsapa That stick is sticking out of the tutuku(a) v. to pound with a stick-like doorway. object to soften, mash or crush (food, nuts, lime). tsakoa v. to select. Hami tsakoa vanga dou mami tutuni n. belief. trust, faith. talulihia malehona ba kabu We Nau go tutuni e vaha moi ki Oliva I selected the good food and put it aside have the same belief as Oliva. for the feast. tutunia (tutunina) v. to believe. tsakua (tsakutsaku) v. to chew. See also Nau tutunia tahuna to mate mota ngata tsau barahata I believe that when I die I'll go to heaven. tsalu n. traditional comb. See also tsipa tutunu1 adj. warm (as water). tsalua v. to comb. See also tsikia Kolo neni e taiha bila. E tutunu soba tsaoka n. a flowering tree with sweet­ This water is not hot. It's just warm. smelling yellow blossoms. 2 tutunu n. raised welts on the skin created tsapa adv. southward, to the south. See by inserting the midrib of a coconut leaf. also one lighting it and letting it burn down into the skin. tsapatuhua v. to fi nd (something lost by 3 you). tutunu v. to light up using torches. Nau tsapatuhua go tsalu u luano i I nau tutunu longa i kolo rongona kolo bongi ba I found my comb which sola e rodo I used torch to light my I left at the river the other day. way up river because it was very dark. (cf. ruhia) to. tuturi(a) to copulate (animals). tsaria v. 1. to pretend to be (like), mimic, Kau gare e tutu ria kau daki The male act like. imitate. 2. to show, demonstrate dog is copulating with the female. (how to do). Baka nia tsaria a manu. Hia ngaloa tuturiha (tuturihasia) v. to start. begin. ka lovo That child is pretending to be Hita tuturiha tsatsangi tahuneni Let's a bird. He wants to fly. start to play now. Sei se tsari vaniho agosia bereti? tuturihana adv. at first, in the beginning, Who showed you how to make bread? to start. Tuturihana nau vasia kumara. Sui, See also taleha, tatea nau vasia kake At first I planted tsarina (tsaritsari) n. tributary (water sweet potato, then I planted taro. flowing into a larger stream or lake). Tuturihana hoe agosia katsa hoe ho ba kala hai To start making a katsa tsasangatu adj. one hundred. you must go and cut the trees. tsatsa n. eagle. See also butai tuturuna n. knee. See also karokarona 1 tsatsangi to. to play. 54

2 tsatsangi n. game. toy. Nia tsavuna hira Puku lava That's the boundary of the Big Line. Hira baka ra ba tsatsangi hinia tsikei tsatsangi vaolu The children went to (cf. vorovorona) play with a new game. tsehe adj. five. tsatsara v. to bleed. tsehenina adj. fifth. Nau tuagu e tsatsara. A isi e hadoa tsehesangavulu adj. fifty. My foot is bleeding. A knife cut it. See also habuha. rio tsehehe n. a noisy bird found in the bush. tsatsia v. 1. to strike (as a match). 2. to tseka n. a slave. scrape (against). tsekania v. 1. to enslave. 2. to oppress. Nau tsatsia matsi mota tunua kebe I struck a match so that I could light tsela n. Canarium nut (nali nut). the fire. tsetsela v. to cut grass. weeds. etc. to clear Sava se tsatsia tuamu? What scraped a place. (cf. petsa) your leg? tsetsere adf greasy (as roast pig). tsau v. 1. to reach. arrive. 2. until. Hira tsau vera na ono kiloko They tsetsetse n. a type of seed pod used to reached the village at six o·clock. decorate necklaces and sometimes worn to make noise while dancing. valage Ngisa hoe tsau neni? When did you (d. ) arrive here? tseu(na) (tseve(na)) n. shell of the Nau makuru tsau na naulavi I slept coconut after the meat has been removed; until evening. used as traditional cup. tsaua v. to hang. tseve(na) n. See tseu(na) Nau tsaua pologu i vale I hung my tsida v. clothes up in the house. to stumble. trip. Ba mo tsaua bulu tohu na belabela Soa nia e tsida na lamulamu me puka Go and hang the lamp above the table. He tripped on the root and fell down. tsautsau adf hanging. tsihoa v. to visit. go to visit. tsautsauna kulina n. ear lobe. Nau doto ba tsihoa kasigu i Honiara I am going to go to visit my sister in tsaulia v. to come upon. come to. Honiara. Nau tsaulia ki Odi i kolo I came upon Odi at the river. tsika (tsikai. tsikei) adj. one. Nau gesa tsaulia go kei I just came tsika atsa (tsikai moi atsa) adj. upon my bag. identical. the same. Masahe sava e tsauliho? What kind Buka. rauka neni tsikei moi atsa Both of sickness has come upon you? books here are the same. What kind of sickness do you have? tsikai laka adj. another. an additional What kind of sickness have you (one) . caught? Nau ngaloa ka tsikai laka vuana hoai Go abira tsauliu vasa My basket has I want another mango. already come (back) to me. tsikai moi adv. only one. tsaulivisua v. 1. to come back. return. 2. to Nau tamanina tsikai moi a vutsi I get back. recover (something). only have one banana. Hia masahe e tsaulivisua His sickness Nau ngaloa ka tsikai moi ka mai I has come back again. He's sick again. only want one (person) to come. Hia gesana tsaulivisua na haioko He tsikainina adj. first. just got his canoe back. Dani neni e tsikainina tahu nau ba valusa Today is the first time I've tsava v. to sharpen (knife. axe. etc.). See gone fishing in a canoe. also asa (cf. katsua ) tsikai tovutovu adj. another. a different tsavena n. 1. toenail. 2. fingernail. See (one) . also huhuna Nau ta ngaloa hananeni. Nau ngaloa tsikai tovutovu I don't want this one. tsavuna n. boundary (especially in I want another one. customary land). tsike 1'. 1. to lend. give credit to. 2. to borrow. incur a debt; n .. a debt. 55

Vahavei? Hoe dona tsike vaniu? Can vunigu e tsitsiri When I go to bathe you give me credit? in the sea my bakua (fungal skin Nau ngaloa tsike samuho I want to infection) stings. borrow some money from you. ( ) tsitsirikia v. to splash lightly. Nau ba tuhua go tsike i sitoa I'm going to pay back my debt at the laka suia vatu i kolo naua me store. tsitsirikiu Don't throw stones in the water. You're splashing me. See turi ( ) tsoa (tsoalia. tsoalapia) v. to lie. tell an tsikei adj. See tsika untruth. 1 tsikia v. to comb. See also tsalua Vahavei? Hoe tahoa go isi? Basia tsoa 2 Did you take my knife? Don't tsikia (tsikitsiki) v. to scratch the ground lie. as chickens do. Jone e tsoalapiu John lied to me. Hira kokorako ra tsikia pitapita ra cf. bulesia. pegua husuvia biri The chickens are ( ) scratching at the ground looking for tsoatsoa adj. 1. fake. artificial. 2. false, worms. untrue. 3. lying. Tsikei livogu neni livo tsoatsoa One 2 tsikitsiki v. See tsikia of my teeth here is a fake tooth. Tutuhunu nia e tutuhunu tsoatsoa tsila v. to groan. That story is untrue. Daki nia e sola tsila rongona e biu a Soa nia gare tsoatsoa He is a liar. tobana That woman is really groaning because she has abdominal tsobo(a) v. to float. pain. Hira baka ra tsoboa hai The children tsimitsimi v. to rain lightly, sprinkle, drizzle. are floating a log. A gare puka i kolo me tsobo tsapa i tsinaka n. a lull or break in the rain. tasi The man fell into the river and Pitva langi ka tsinaka mo ba Wait for floated down to the sea. a break in the rain then you can go. tsohatsoha n. waterfall. tsio (tsiovia v. to commit incest. have sex ) tsoho v. to run away. with one's relatives or clan. Hia tsoho sanui He ran away from me. Soa nia e tsiovia ke Maria He had incestuous relations with Maria. Basia tsoho. Nau eutu to labuho Don't run away. I won't hurt you. tsipa n. traditional comb. See also tsalu. tsoko adj. swollen. tsipa v. to pry open, pry out. limagu e tsoko rongona u poha hinia Ba tsipa lakana niu Go and pry out vatu My hand is swollen because I hit that coconut meat. it with a stone. tsipe v. to sneeze. tsoko(a) v. to read. Hia sola dona tsokoa buka pi pi dani tsiranga n. leaves used while baking in a stone oven. He is always reading books every day. See also itsu tsiria v. to mock. make fun of. Hira baka seko ra tsiria gare ni tsole n. a small noisy black bird. rongona tuana e seko The naughty tsolo tJ. to laugh. children are making fun of that man because he's crippled. Hira baka ra tsolo tania Bobi The children are laughing at Bob. tsitsi adj. red. tsomena n. small particle. a bit, morsel . tsitsinaka v. to fling. throw down suddenly crumbs (food) (smaller than ngeuna) . (cf. or forcibly. ngeuna) Hia kore me tsitsinaka polona He was tsoni tuturu v. to kneel (down . angry and flung his clothes down. ) tsope(na) n. boil. abcess. tsitsiri v. to sting (as a cut when medicine is a pplied to it). Tsopegu gesa potsa My boil just burst. T ahuna nau ba leleso i tasi mana tsou rl . 56 tsualihia v. to take off. piloa The lid of the pot is upside Tsualihia polomu. E botsi Take off down. Turn it over. your clothes. They're wet. tsuporu v. to bow down. See also See also taholihia tsutsuporu tsugu n. a type of edible fresh-water snail. tsupu(na) n. a heap, pile. tsuka v. to dig and make rows in a garden Tsikei tsupuna niu i nia There's a to ready it for planting. heap of coconuts there. tsukflv. to plant. tsura n. a noisy winged night insect. Hami ba tsuka kake i uta We went to tsurui 11. parrot. plant taro in the garden. 1 See also vasia tsutsu n. a string of fish. Hia tahoa tsikei tsutsu a hahano He tsukalia v. to put stones together to make a caught a string of fish. wall. patio tsukatsuka , etc. ( ) 2 Hira tsukalia vera sasani They are tsutsu v. to sew sago palm leaves into a layi ng out stones at the school. panel for house building. Nau dona tsutsu ato I knew how to tsukatsuka n. stone wall, patio. See also sew up sago palm leaves. pakapaka. papakali tsutsu a v. to breast feed, nurse (baby). tsukia v. i. to hook (bait). 2. to pick (one's ( ) teeth). 3. to pierce. prick. jab, puncture. Oalemu ngaloa tsutsu. T sutsua Your 4. to impale. 5. to inject. child wants to nurse. Nurse him. Nau tsukia mamu na salili mu tsutsuna n. breast. vatavia i kolo I put bait on the hook Tsutsuna daki nia sola e tsautsau and lift it in the river. sivo That woman's breasts really A vinisina bolo e kara i livogu mi nau hang down. tsukia A piece of pork was stuck in tsutsuporu v. to bow down, bend over. my teeth and I picked it out. Bukegu e sola biu rongona nau Baka nia e tsukia ki Rosa hinia tsutsuporu dani popono tahuna karuna moli That child jabbed Rosa nau ago My back is very sore because with a thorn from an orange tree. I bent over the whole day while I was Hira baka ra tsukia meloni lava na working. isuvana hai The children impaled a big melon on the point of a stick. tsuve v. to spit. Nau ba na vale tatali mana deresa e tsuvena n. saliva, spittle. tsukiu I went to the clinic and the Tsuveda hita sui ta tamani meri dresser gave me an injection. Everyone's saliva has germs. tsuku n. a ban, prohibition. Hia talua tsuku na bua nia He put a u ban on that betelnut tree. tsukua v. to forbid. ban, make taboo, put udu n. 1. girlfriend. 2. boyfriend. a taboo on. Hia tsukua nauna nia. Basia ba i ai ui n. coconut crab. He had put a taboo on that place, or ulahana �dj. suitable, eligible. See also he has banned anyone from going to tuhulfl that place. Don't go there. ulana n. 1. vein. 2. artery. tsukuna n. the bush, unsettled area, inland areas (as opposed to coastal). See also ulato n. female teenager, female adolescent. solo uli n. papaya (pawpaw). tsulea v. to push, shove (people). 1 Hia tsulea ki linda me puka i kolo He uluna n. sweet potato vine. p.ushed Linda and she fell into the Hira daki ra kudi uluna kumara river. malehona vasi The women cut See usua potato vines for planting. 2 tsulupika v. to be upside down. uluna n. head. Vovongona kuki e tsulupika. Hoe Baka nia e biu a uluna That child has a sore head. has a headache. 57

See also lovana uvihai n. tapioca. manioc. ulusa n. a coniferous tree which makes good uvi(na) n. 1. year. 2. age. house building material. Visa uvi hoe 0 horo neni? How many years have you lived here? uluvao n. male adolescent. male teenager. Nau doto horo neni ka ruka uvi I'm ungana (ungaungana) n. shade. going to stay here for two years. A gogosi e mango na ungaungana Ke Ana e tolu a uvina Anna is three vale The old woman was resting in years old. the shade of thehouse. Nau uvigu e tolusangavulu I'm thirty Ba horo na ungana hai Go and sit years old. My age is thirty. down in the shade of the tree. unu v. to come undone. V Kurukuru na poroporo e unu The knot on the package came undone. vaha adv. 1. like. 2. as. 3. so. unusia v. to untie. undo. make come Hia rerei vaha ita mana He looks like undone. his father. Nau eutu to unusia kuru kuruI cannot T oma e lava vaha i Jone Tom is as big undo the knot. as John. E nau vahovei me lava vaha? How ura n. freshwater crayfish. prawn. did he get so big? ura ni tasi n. saltwater crayfish. lobster. Sava naua me kikiki vaha? What made it so small? usua v. to push (something). Hira baka ra usua haioko me ba i tasi vahali v. 1. to sway. 2. to wag. 3. to The children pushed the canoe into quake. shudder. shake. the sea. A hai e vahali na loha The tree was (cf. tsulea) swaying in the wind. Kalina kau e vahali The dog's tail is uta n. garden. wagging. 1 utuni adj. true. genuine. correct. Vale popono e vahali na tahuna Maleho Bobi koea e sola utuni What vuluhe The whole house shuddered Bob said is very true. during the earthquake. 2 vahalisia v. 1. to shake. jiggle. 2. to wag. utuni adv. truly. really. surely. Kau e vahalisia kalina rongona mahe Hia ba utuni He really went. The dog is wagging his tail because he's happy. utusia v. 1. stop. prevent. 2. block. See alihirisia. viruvirua langi e utusiu a ba i kolo The rain prevented me from goi ng to the river. vahavei1 adv. how. in what manner, in what Nau talua busuna hai neni rongona way. nau loana utusia sala I'm putting Hoe 0 agosia vahavei a kei? How do this stick here because I want to block you make a keF the road. 2 (cf. suhutia) vahavei interr. part. 1. how are (you)? What about (you)? 2. used to introduce a uvi n. yam. question. Vahavei ke Maria? How is Maria? uvia v. 1. to blow. 2. to start a fire by blowing on it. 3. to play a panpipe by Vahavei I nau? Nau ngaloa ba blowing into it. lakamoi What about me? I want to go too. A loha e uvia mamarasa me sahe makagu The wind blew the sand into Vahavei? Hoe ngaloa muriu? Do you my eyes. want to come with me? Ke Maria e uvia tsika kebe lavai vai pron. indicates reciprocity. each other. kalakala Maria started a big fire on vaihalahavihi v. to be enemies (of each the beach. other . Hira gare ni solo ra dona uvia hau ) vaikapikapitsi v. to crowd each other. Men from the middle of the bush know how to play panpipes. Tarake e sola vonu mi hami sola vaikapikapitsi The truck was very full and we really crowded each other. 58

See also vaivaravarai vala n. cut nut. ' vaikorehi v. to be a ngry at each other. be valage n. a type of larger seed pod worn to cross with each another. make noise while dancing. (ef. tsetsetse Tsikai gare mai atina rauka vaikorehi ) A man and his wife are angry at each valatsatsa n. 1. miracle. 2. mystery. other. Nau go kei e tahano i vale me vaha vailabuhi (vailabusi) v. to fight each moi a valatsatsa My bag is lost in other. hurt each other. the house and it's mysterious. or it's a Hamu baka mu laka vailabusi You mystery how my bag got lost in the children. don't fight with each other. house. v. vailingilingisi to race against each vale na n. house. other. ( ) Hia horo i vale He's in the house. Na Kirisimasi hira baka ra vailingilingisi At Christmas the Jone horo i valena John is in his house. children had a race. valeato n. leaf house. vailuai v. 1. to leave each other. depart vale lotu n. church. from each other. 2. to be divorced. vale medesini n. clinic. Tauka vailuai. Hoe ho be i veramu vale sasani n. school. mi nau to visu veragu You and I vale sosori n. gaol (jail). prison. leave each other now. You go to your home and I'm going back to mine. vale tatali n. clinic. Jone mai atina rauka vailuai John and vale uvi kebe n. outdoor kitchen. his wife are divorced. cookhouse. valevalena baka n. womb. uterus. See vaimutsui v. to kiss each other. also polopolona baka. poroporona Nau berengirauka rauka vaimutsui I baka saw the two of them kissing each other. valiua v. to turn (something) around to face vaingadi v. to argue with each other. another way. vaingaloi v. to love or like each other. Ki Maria e valiua buka me eutu Hamika Bobi mika vaingaloi Bob and tsokoa Maria has turned the book love each other. around and she cannot read it. See also varitsiua (ef. piloa vaingelengelei v. to challenge each other. ) Hira baka ra vaingelengelei na val usa v. to fish from a canoe. (cf. volavolau The children challenged kedoha) each other to a race. vanasia to. to shoot (with gun or bow and vaisua v. to ask, inquire. arrow). Nau ta dodona. Ba vaisua Bobi I don't know. Go and ask Bob. Nau vanasia tsikei manu I shot a bird. Nau ngaloa vaisuho tsika maleho I (cf. suda) want to ask you something. vanga 11. food (especially local root crops). Hia vaisuau tina vaha hia ka dona ba 1 He asked me if he would be able to vangalaka 11 . present. gift. go. Hami kusu vangalaka vania patere vaitovoi v. to compete against each other. We gave a present to the priest. vaitsi n. sexual intercourse. vangalaka2 adj. generous. vaitsia v. to have sexual intercourse. (cf. hetsia Ke Modesta a daki sola e dona ) vangalaka Modesta is a very vaivaravarai v. to be crowded together or squeeze in together (people). (cf. generous woman. vaikapikapitsi) vangama adt'o 1. ashamed. 2. shy. vaivohovohosi v. to embrace: hold or embarrassed. squeeze each other chest to chest. to Baka nia e vangama rongona e hug (affectionately or otherwise). See mimisia polona That child is also vohosia. vunua ashamed because he pee-d in his clothes. vaka n. ship. boat. Baka nia e vangama hinia ki Susana vakalovolovo n. aeroplane. airplane. rongona e taiha dona hinia That child is shy with Susan because he vako(na) n. dead and dried leaf on a plant or tree. doesn't know her. 59 vangarau (a) v. get ready, make ready. vaso(a) adv. already. Hami vangarau mi ba i Kolotabu We Vakalovolovo mai vasa The plane are getting ready to go to Kolotabu. already came. Nau vangaraua hai na biti I'm getting Nau agosia vaso. Nau agosi vasoa I some firewood ready for the oven. already made it. See also onionia vasua v. to give birth, deliver (a child). vaniu(a) prep. to, for, at. Ke Raro e vasua dalena daki na wiki Oaki nia e sola dou vaniu That woman e sui Raro gave birth to a daughter is very good to me. last week. Taena buluka e dou vania uta Cow vasua koluna v. to lay an egg. manure (shit) is good for the garden. vasusu 11. to give birth, deliver (a child): Jone e asu vania baka nia John swore this usage has no object. at that child. Ka ngisa hoe doho vasusu? When are you going to give birth? vaogilu n. whirlpool. vata adv. 1. still. 2. yet. vaolu adj. 1. young. 2. new. 3. recent. 4. coming, next. Bobi ago vata Bob is still working. Nanagu e daki vaolu vata My mother Nau ta vata tsokoa buka nia I have is still a young woman. not yet read that book. Nau pologu neni e vaolu This clothing vatabela n. layer, thickness. of mine is new. Pita pita e tamanina avo a vatabela Nia a tutuhunu vaolu That's a recent The soil has many layers. story. Hami Merika mi sahelia e avo a Nau doto ba i Honiara na vula vaolu vatabela polo We Americans wear I'm going to go to Honiara next many layers of clothes. month. vatale(na) adv. 1. between. 2. in the vara n. 1. sprouting coconut ready for middle, in the centre. planting. 2. the yellowish meat in the Mai 0 horo vatalena Jone mai nau centre of such a coconut. Come and sit down between John and me. varara (vararahi) v. to lean on. lean against. Hia nia, na vatalena pitsa He's there in the centre of the photograph. Jone e varara na bela bela John was leaning on the table. vatalesi n. midnight. laka varara na baniave Don't lean Nau rarai na vatalesi I woke up at against the wall. midnight. varasaisaira v. to jam. squash or squeeze Nau rarai tsau na vatalesi I stayed things in together. awake until midnight.

I Bili e varasaisaira buka lalona kesi vatana n. type, kind, sort. Billy jammed the books into the box. Vatana sava hoe 0 ngaloa? What sort of thing do you want? variro(a) v. to whirl. spin (things) . Hira baka ra variroa wili na basikolo Nau tamanina avona vatana bolo I The children spu n the bicycle tyre. own many types of pigs. varitsiua v. to turn (something) around to vatavia v. 1. to leave in water. 2. to soak in face another way. See also valiua water. Nau ba vatavia pologu i kolo. Oani vasa n. a kind of tree used to produce ba to ba vulia I'm going to soak my hardwood timber. clothes in the water. Later today I'll wash them. vasa adv. the same (way). lumia, potsia Tahuna nau agosia bereti nau agosi (d. ) vasa When I make bread I make it the vati adj. four. same way. vatinina adj. fourth. vasia 11. to plant. See also tsuka vatisangavulu adj. forty. vasihara n. a type of very tiny flying insect. vato n. grub, larva (of a beetle). Visana vausa ra dona hania vato Some people eat grubs. 60 vatsangi (a) tI. to feel (state of bei ng). vavatsangi n. emotion, feeling. Nau vatsangia konigu e bisi My body Nau go vavatsangi u sola sahavia My feels cold. feeling is that I'm really sorry for him. vatsikai (vatsikei) adv. 1. first, before vavinena n. a sister or brother for whom it (anything else) . 2. at first, for a minute. is taboo to say his or her name. Nau ngaloa hoe 0 ba vatsikei i uta I vei adv. where? want you to go to the garden first. Vei go rarati? Where is my axe? Pitu vatsikai Wait a minute. Hoe ba i vei? Where are you going? vatu n. a stone. veke adj. bent, crooked. See also bakeku, vatubaba n. a cave. ere, kekeu vatuluma n. a cave. vekesia tI. to bend. vatuna n. seed. See also piuna vele (velesia) v. to hold. vatulia (vatuvatu) v. to weave. Nau vele na hai tahuna nau haravia Ki Misu e dona vatulia kei Misu puka I held on to the tree when I knows how to wave a bag. almost fell. Velesia kumara neni i limamu Hold vaturia v. to stand (something) up. See also tuia this sweet potato in your hand. A taovia na vera e velesia tsikai vatuvatu v. See vatulia Ie pole po The chief of the village held a meeting. vausa n. people not individual person . ( ) velengatsi a v. to grasp. hold tightly. Avona vausa ra mai bongi Many ( ) people came yesterday. Nau velengatsi na hai tahuna loha lava mai I grasped the tree when the vava ad" . west, westward. See also tave big wind came. Velengatsia isi i limamu Hold the knife vavai adj. bitter. tightly in your hand. Visana hulina hai ra sola vavai Some vele vata 11. to still hold, withhold, keep tree barks are very bitter. back. (cf. mali mali, raparapa) velesia t'. See vele vavaisu n. question. Nau vaisua ke Voli tsikai vavaisu I velevele n. taro which has been wrapped in asked Voli a question. leaves, baked and then pressed to flatten it. vavana adv. beneath, below. underneath, under. vera(na) n. 1. village. 2. home, country, place where one lives. lsi e horo vavana bela belaThe knife is underneath the table. Vei veramu? Where is your home? vera lava n. town, city. overseas. vava no v. to walk. Nau vavano tuturiha i Haimarao tsau veruveru n. nightcrawler (type of logu I walked starting at Haimarao earthworm) . until I reached Logu. vetuhu n. star. Meomeo nia taiha vata dona vavano E sola avo vetuhu tohu na That baby doesn't know how to walk barangengo There are many stars up yet. above the earth. vavanotabakeli t'. to limp, stagger. vetuhu ni tasi n. starfish. 1 vavaso n. species of smaller whale. (cf. vetuhu si dani n. the morning star. bubusu) veve n. a fence. 2 vavaso adv. originally. indigenous to, Nau go veve i ata My fence is to the natural to. native to. east. Maleho nia a hinana momoru neni See also bara vavaso That is something originally vevea v. to fence. belonging to this island . something indigenous to this island. Nau ba vevea bolo I am going to fence the pig. Hia na ago vavaso somoi That's just the way he is. See also bara 61 vi dona n. scale of fish. carried a bundle of sago palm leaves vidovidoha adj. scaly. on my shoulder. vigua v. to tuck in (as the end of lavalava or vokoha adj. mouldy. loincloth . ) volau v. See volavolau vikio n. crescent moon. volavolau volau 11. to run, race. l ( ) vila n. wild taro. volena tuana n. shin. cf. potena tuana 2 ( ) vila n. prostitute. whore. loose woman. volia v. 1. to buy, purchase. 2. to pay. vilia v. 1. to choose. 2. to vote for. elect. Nau u volia tsikai redio vaolu I bought Hoe 0 dona tahoa tsikei soba. Hoe a new radio. viiia hana vei hoe 0 ngaloa You can Tina vaha hoe ho ago i neni mi nau only take one. Choose which one you doto voliho If you work here I will want. pay you. Vilia tsika meba vaolu na Province na voli daki v. to pay the bride price for a vulana September We will elect a woman. new Provincial Member in September. Hira ba voli daki vania lore They have gone to buy a wife for Lore. vilo(a) v. 1. to wind (up) . 2. to turn on or off (as a radio) . volivoli(na) n. payment, pay. wages. Jone e viloa kiloko me kubua John Volivolina mo ago I inau doto vaniho wound the clock and broke it. ka tsikai bolo In payment for your work I'll give you a pig, or the wages Vilo matea redio T urn the radio off. for your work will be a pig that I'll give to you. vilovilo v. to roll (as a cigarette) . volivolitaulaka v. to cheat in buying or vinasa v. to explain. illustrate. make clear. selling. make known. laka voli mavuru sana Jou rongona Jou e vinasa vanira vausa agoagona hia e dona volivolitaulaka Don't buy Province Joe explained to the people tobacco from Joe because he cheats. how the Provincial structure works. vongoa v. to shut, close (especially a lid) . vinisina n. fiesh. meat. Nau vongoa kukina kolo I closed the Nau sola ngaloa hania vinisina bolo I pot of water. really like to eat pork meat. Nau vongoa matsapa mu lokea I 2 (cf. lakana ) closed the door and locked it. (cf. havitia) virihia v. to coil up. wind (around) . wrap (around) . vono 71. a dam. A hahano e hala tahuna nau tuturiha Hira agosia tsika vono lava longa i virihia habe The fish bit when I kolo They made a big dam in the river started to wind in the fishing line. up north. Nau virihia habe na vose tahuna e vonoa (vonotia) v. to dam. hala bahea I wound the fishing line Nau vonotia tsarina kolo I dammed up around the oar when the shark bit. a tributary of the river. l viroa p. See viloa vonu n. sea turtle. (cf. raro) vitolo v. to be hungry. vonu2 adj. full. Nau hutu kolo na bilo me vonu voa v. to split and open up bamboo. cf. I went ( to get water in the bilo and it's full. busa) T ahuna nau ba i Honiara vaka e sola vohosia v. to hold (someone) in a chest to vonu When I went to Honiara the ship chest position or chest to back position, was really full (of people) . hold in a bear hug. vonulia v. to fill up. make full. Nau vohosia tsikai gare belibeli I Hami potso mami vonulia tsikai kei grabbed hold of the thief. na ura We went fishing and filled up a See also vaivohovohosi. vunua bag with crayfish. See also deia vohovohona n. bundle. Nau kalahaia tsika vohovohona ate I vora(na) n. cut, scratch, sore, wound. 62

Nau tamanina sola voragu I have a lot Gare nia e kore me vuia vale That of sores. man was cross and broke down the house. vorasia v. 1. to spread out. 2. to open up, (cf. tavui) unfold (blanket, newspaper, book, etc.) . See sangavia vula n, 1. moon. 2. month. A vula e sola beha dou na bongi The voravora v, to open up, unfold (as a flower) . See also kaporaka moon was shining brightly in the night. voroa v, to divide into plots (garden) . Nau doto ba i Honiara na vula muri I Nau ba voroa utana kake I'm going to will be going to Honiara next month. divide the taro garden into plots. vulaharo n. rainbow. vorovorona n, boundary (especially of vula mate n, lunar eclipse. gardens, land) . (cf. tsavuna) vulevule n. a creeping vine with purple vose n, oar, paddle. flowers found close to the seashore: v vosevose v. to paddle. pronounced as w.

vosoa v. to crack (nuts) . vulia v, to wash. Ba vulia limamu Go andwash your vota v. to separate. hands. Hira vota huena vale They're Hira daki ra ba vulia polora The separating the strands of rattan for women went to wash their clothes. the house. See also tavota vuluhe n. earthquake. votalihia v, to separate out, separate vuluvuluna (vuvulusi) n. body hair on from. arms, legs, chest. Votalihia tsupuna vanga nia Separate that pile of food from (the rest of the vungona n. 1. father-in-law. 2. mother-in­ food) . law. 3. son-in-law. 4. daughter-in-law. Soa nia I nau vungogu rongona hia votsa v. to boast, brag. tamana atigu He is my father-in-law T oma e sola dona votsa hinia dalena because he's my spouse's father. Tom is always bragging about his Kavua nia I nau vungogu rongona hia child. nanana atigu She is my mother-in­ See also mangalava law because she is my spouse's mother. voua 1/, to carry in front with both arms. So nia I nau vungogu rongona hia See also sulua taulania dalegu He's my son-in-law because he married my daughter. vovo fa) u. 1. not know how to. 2. not understand. 3. not be in the habit of Kavua nia I nau vungogu rongona hia doing. taulania dalegu She's my daughter­ Nau vovo atsia vale I don't know how in-law because she married my son. to build a house. vunguna n. bunch fruit . Nau vovoa sava hia e koea I don't ( ) vunguvung n. clan, line. See also understand what he said. puku. rau� Nau vovo hania vato I don't eat grubs. vuni(na) n. bakua, a fungal skin infection. vovongona n. lid, cover. Vunina baka nia e sola hevohevoha vovongona makana n. eyelid. That child 's bakua is very scaly and peeling. vua n. crocodile. vunua 1/. to embrace, hug affectionately . vuana n. fruit. ( ) Mai mi nau to vunuho Come, let me vuare adj. grey-haired: v is pronounced as hug you. w. See also senge (cf. vohosia) vuho n, a type of fish-net. vuravura (na) n. 1. fountain, spring (water) . 2. a leak in the canoe when it is afloat. vuia 1'. to collapse a house, break down a house: v is pronounced as w. Hami ba inu na vuravurana kolo We went to drink at the spring in the Loha e vuia valegu The wind collapsed river. my house. 63

Haioko e vuravura lava The ca noe has vutia v. to pull out. pluck (out). sprung a big leak. Susana e vutia ivuna kokorako Susan 1 plucked out the chicken's feathers. vuru n. a type of wilded ible fruit. Basia vutia buruburu nia. E vuru2 adJ. burned and stuck (as food in the buruburu dou Don't pull out that bottom of a pot). grass. It's good grass. vurua (vurukia) v. to pierce. make holes in. vutsi n. banana. Sei e vurua kulimu? Who pierced your 1 vuvu n. a type of wasp which bores ear? through wood. v. 2 vurukia See vurua vuvu v. to cough. v. 1. 2: 3 vusa to make up. fabricate (story). vuvu v. to jump. to make up. compose. Hia sola vuvu pi pi bongi. Nau pada Sei vusa tutuhunu vaha? Who made T. B. e tsaulia He coughs a lot every up a story like that? night. I think he has T.B. Nau vusa tsikai linge vaolu I Hira baka ra vuvu i kolo The children composed a new song. are jumping into the river. See also dio, hiehie vusuvusukuna tuana n. heel (of the foot). vuvulusi n. See vuluvuluna

65

ENGlISH- TOLO INDEX

A air harahara alight (as bird) tohal alike at sa abandon lua bola alive mauri abcess tsope( na) abcess (in the groin) pitsangorana allow lua. tala abdomen tobana almost haravia able manahana. dona. tangomana already vaso( a) l about haravia. hinia alright dou soba l above palahalaha. tohu also lakamoi . moi 2 absorb although dou soba absorb moisture (as salt) olo(a) altogether sai accept taho(a) always pipi tahu accompany muria always (been) tavula ache biu amaze novotia acne gatul ancestor muamuana act and l act like tsaria and (with names of persons) mai and (with names of things) manal active konimauriha and (joiris two clauses with different add taholaka subjects. (persons)) mi add up (together) itsumi saia and (with lsg) mu add onto paboa and (with 2sg) mo2 additional (one) tsikai laka and (with 3sg) me admire sanatia angry kore admire (something) and want it be angry at each other vaikorehi rel.ngaoa be angry and use offensive language asu adopt (child) tabea annoy adultery be annoying (to others) papaluha commit adultery kiboha another tsikai laka. tsikai tovutovu advise another (other than this one) tovusi advise against paroa ant aeroplane vakalovolovo reddish-brown ant kokodui afraid matahu. matahunia big black or red ant kerengadi. tabara small brownish or black ant nonokea after murina. muringana anus makana tae afternoon asotave any katsa afterward(s) mimuri. sui any time katsa tahu l again laka . soha anyone kesana. sei moi l age uvi(na) anyone home? oa anyone else? sei laka agree kilial . tala anyway somoi aimlessly bubuleha 66 appear laba mai B appear (to be) rerel baby meomeo approve tala baby (female) piroko argue vaingadi' baby (male) kokou argument ovo bachelor gare tsamu have argument with ovo ovea back! bukena arm limana in back (part) of murina armlet back2 seashell armlet gatu2 back (someone) up tui muri(na) armpit abeabena backbone kauli hotona arrange hotosia backpack luluhu arrive tsau bacteria meri arrogant hotuhotu. kaekae! bad savi!. seko. sekona. taulaka arrow pipili bag traditional bag kei artery ulana baggage boliboli artificial tsoatsoa bail as vaha bail out (canoe) daluvia ascend halaha bailer dalu ashamed vangama bait mamu ashes tora na ( ) bake ask vaisua bake in stone oven biti(a) ask for dola. dolavia. nokia balanced horo hoto assault hulihulia bamboo hau 2 4 at i . na • sania. tania. vaniu(a) small wild bamboo kavoa atmosphere aomanga bamboo strips kapikapi bamboo (to roast food in) basa. beti attempt tovoa ban tsuku. tsukua attention pay attention to rongonidoua banana vutsi awake rarai bandage poroa away lihia bank (of river) kabikabi a kolo. lilihi a kolo awful savi! bare mamaole axe hila. rarati bark (as dog) pahu stone axe matau bark (of tree) hulina barren halamane basket cone-shaped basket kutu! basket woven from coconut fronds abira. kopeta. losi bat manutsau 67 bathe lese bet ngelea bathe someone else lesovia betelnut bua bay goulonga. gouna chewed betelnut (and lime) papale be horo2 betroth saesae2 be in/on (bus, bike, truck, canoe, etc.) sahe better better (than) dou liusia beach kalakala. one sere between vatale( na) beam (of house) hohola(na) beyond tabana ba bear (witness) tui muri(na) Bible Buka Tabu beard ngolangolana. humina big laval beat beat (drum) tuhia bird manu beat (as heart or pulse) pidi k.o. bird: bina. bitso. daula. haova. haranga . koiso. kuau. kuru. maraho. oa2. beautiful rerei dou mate tsatsa. tsehehe. tsou. tsole because rongonal birthday da ni (na) botsa beckon kalopia. soloa bite halatia bite (of fish biting hook) hala become lia bite (food), take bite baria bed avuli(na) bite off husk of betelnut hetia bedbug ngutunitano bitter vaval beetle black bau. baubau. bora taro beetle potsu bladder mimina before nahona blame para before (anything else) vatsikai bleary-eyed maka ere begin tuturiha bleed tsatsara. habuha. rio beginning tuturihana be bleeding (as wound) makala behind murina blind doroko. kisu belch tumarosu blink rupia belief tutuni blistered believe tutunia blistered (as from fire burn) boboto belly tobana block utusia blocked (as nose, ear, intestines) pono belonging belonging to (pI.) ni blood habu(na) below vavana blow uvia bend kekeusia. tsutsuporu. vekesia blue bora beneath palasivo. vavana blunt modu bent kekeu. veke boar toko berry board k.o. wild edible berry alo mitsua large board papal beside haravia. lihina boast mangalava. votsa best sola dou mate boat vaka 68 body koninal break (tool, leg, stick, etc.) kubua break down a house vuia 2 bogged down kapi break off kalatsua l boil tsope( na) break off (flowers, fruits) pitsua boil in the armpit abeabelotsi breast tsutsuna boil2 breast feed baby tsutsu(a) boiling totopo breath mahomahona bold lati gasp or struggle for breath asebona bone kauna. sulina breathe asease breathe in asehalaha border susuina breathe out asesivo born botsa breeze bisibisi. harahara borrow tsike land breeze huruvotu both rauka sui strong breeze loha bother bribe oso-oso bother or distract by making noise bring ta homai (a) OriSla broad dama. naba bottom borona broken on the bottom i pita2 broken and splintered (bamboo) tabusa boundary broken (container) tabosa. tarese boundary (especially in customary broken (heart) tarese land) tsavuna broken (leg, stick, stool, etc.) takubu boundary (especially of gardens, land) broken (hammock, woven bag, etc.) vorovorona tapitsu bow (weapon) periha broken (line, string, hammock, bag, etc.) takudi bow (down) tsuporu. tsutsuporu broken down and collapsed (house) bowl popo. tabi/i tavui broken (glass) tapala boy baka gare. uluvao broken under stress (net, string, fishing boyfriend udu line, etc.) kapitsu l brag manga/ava broom salo brain tongana brother kasina. kasina gare brother (taboo) vavinena branch branch (of road, river or tree) brother-in-law doma(na) masangana bruised gora brave malahal. sudavia bubbles gasagasa(na) brave man ma/ahai build agosia breadfruit ba/eho build (house) atsi(a) seed of breadfruit tree piuna build (wall) tsukalia breadth nabatana bump break bump (one's body) sudua break bamboo with a stone busa bunch (fruit) vunguna break food (to divide it or share it) ngitia bundle vohovohona break (rope, woven basket, etc.) kudia burden rota break (stick, etc.) karoa 69 burn hania. kerea care burn brightly ruruu care for arahoa. reitaonia. reitutuhua burn off hairs or feathers hora care for (people only) turua burn skin (to make raised scar tissue careful berengidoua design) tunua burned and stuck (as food in bottom of carry pot) vuru2 carry in front in the arms sulua. voua burst carry on back luhunia carry on back (in backpack) luluhu burst noisily poda bukena burst open karabosa carry a person (especially child) on 2 bury gilua back papa carry small child in a cloth luva bush tsukuna carry (especially child) in cradled arms but mana1 bela but (with tsg) mu carry on shoulder kalahai but (with 2sg) mo2 carry child on shoulders kikitso(a) but (with 3sg) me carry on top ofhead susungi but (joins two clauses with different carry (something) slung from head subjects (persons) mi labusaviria. saviria lovana carry (something) slung from shoulder butcher saviria (kokovena) . butcher (animal) laga carry under armpit avinia be carried on person's back papa sana butterfly bebe carve kalia. katsua buttocks pukuna castrate lasoa buy volia castrated (animal) lasokoba by lihina cat kusi

c catch catch (as ball) daua cage koso catch between two objects kapitsia catch fish galua. taho(a) calf (of leg) potena tuana catch fish (with the hand) potsoa2 call caterpillar call out to haila mike tangi cattle buluka calm caught kapi2. kara calm (of sea) beata cause nau(a) calm the sea (by magic) bitia tasi cave baba(na). bana(na). vatubaba . can dona. tangomana vatuluma cannot eutu celebration atsilahi canoe haioko. tiola centipede liva cap chafe garia visored cap of coconut fronds pilupilu cap (Western-style) kepi challenge vai ngelengelei capable ngingili. madodo. patiti change olia capsize chanting 1 capsize (as canoe) luvu traditional chanting music lele 70

character sasahana cling kau2. lago chase butoa clinic vale medesini. vale tatali chase away tekea clitoris kunokunona chat kokolu close1 cheat close (especially door) havitia cheat in buying or selling volivolitaulaka close (especially lid) vongoa cheek(s) ngongorana close2 close to haravia. lihina cherish ngangavina chest mamangona cloth polo( na) cloth used to carry baby in sling chew ngata. tsa kua luva(na) chew betel nut by itself odaoda cloth used for swaddling infants tabelio chew betelnut with lime and leaf dami clothes polo( na) chief gare kabukabu. taovia1 cloud(s) parako lovolovo child baka cloudy okuoku child (of specific person) dalena clutch kapukua chin ngoe coals madana kebe choke choke (pig, etc.) tongoa coast kalakala choke in water (almost drowning) coating tongue saga2 kokono ( ) be choking kara kokonona cobweb laolaona choose vilia cockatoo maraho chop kala cockroach musu church vale lotu coconut niu dry coconut niu bau circle polilo make circle pipoa. poliloa green coconut kolona niu liquid from green coconut kolona niu city vera lava sprouting coconut or meat of such vara claim soft and light (of inner vara of coconut) malopo2 claim ownership of suhutia part of coconut tree used as filter clam tamutamuna k.o. large salt-water clam hima shell of coconut tseu (na) 2 remainder of coconut shell after grating clan puku. rau . vunguvungu ngangaru clap pitsapitsa frond of coconut tree habana individual leaves or fronds of coconut claw huhuna branch sarana clean hele1. male. sere midrib of coconut leaf pipina clean (teeth) hitsia coil clear mangasala. masalanga coil up or around virihia clear (garden) abia cold bisi clever sasaha collapse climb halaha. halavia2 collapse (house) vUla climb and cut branches off tree hotia collect 71

collect and throw away rubbish sala continue collect in order to take somewhere 'to continue the story . .' ba2 alingia continuous babasalau comb tsalu. tsalua. tsikia1• tsipa convict pedea come mai2 come in sahe cook come down, come out sivo mai cook in pot kukia come out of rutsu cook in wooden bowl biti popo 1 come back tsaulivisua cooked kidi come upon, come to tsaulia cookhouse vale uvi kebe come upon suddenly novotia cooperate ago pata commit commit adultery, serious crime kiboha copra niu kidi compel ketsua copulate (animals) tuturi(a) compensate sese copy reinunu coral compensation sese compensation for serious breach of k.o. coral banoho. bita. gau custom titiulu core (of fruit) itona compete vaitovoi corn sila competent ngingili corner suhuna complain koe marumu. lepo sivohalaha corner (of house) bengena 1 complete suilania correct dou. hotosia. koe doua. utuni compose vusa cost matena meet the cost matenga concern 2 feel concern padalava cough vuvu concerning hinia count itsu. itsumi saia count back(wards) itsu visu condemn pedea country vera (na) confess koe tatea cousin kamakasi. kasina confused taiha padahila cover ko�a. vovongona connect bulusaia cover (one�s body) kokopi(na) consecrate tabua cover (mouth, eyes) poroa creep over and cover (as vines, grass, consider padasahata. papada nanaho. etc.) ala papada vatsikei cover with earth pana constipated taiha dona ba i one covet ngangavina consume hania cow buluka container crab kilil bamboo container beti a latse. beti a poke coconut crab ui bamboo water container kolohau hermit crab kokoba. mamu coconut-shell water container bilo crack content mahe crack (nuts) vosoa crack with knife or stone (as coconut) contingent bosa be contingent upon maumauri hinia 72

be cracked (especially containers) cut off branch or small tree sabalia tabosa cut off little bits (of wood) with knife katsa cramped kapitsotsoha cut open by making hole putania craving cut out kalia craving for fresh meat or fish mode cut path through thick bush with bush knife ratia crawl cut something soft sobia. sosoa crawl as snake nete ( ) cut V-shape in end of posts banga crawl on hands and knees (as baby) tagutagu make first cut on one side of tree aroa make second cut on opposite side crayfish bukea freshwater crayfish ura saltwater crayfish ura ni tasi o crazy bule dam vono. vonoa credit give credit to tsike damage sekolia cremate kerevurua dance havai traditional women's dance koleo. kuko cricket k.o. cricket seleveuru. sivosivo dandruff kevukevuna lovana crippled tuana seko dangerous malehona mate criticise tuhunua dare ngelea crocodile vua dark, darkness rodo crooked bakeku. ere. kekeu. veke daughter dalena daki cross talihu daughter-in-law vungona cross-eyed maka ere. maka lene dawn lolongana bongibongi crowd day dani crowd each other vaikapikapitsi day before yesterday bongi ba crowded kapitsotsoha. vaivaravarai daylight dani. dadani. dani marara . dani mataba. marara2 crow daytime dadani to crow (of bird, fowl) tangi crumbs tsomena dead mate cry ngara. ngarasia. ora. tangi deaf kuli pono cure taru hia debt tsike. turi curved bakeku deceive pegua custom lavu deep gou deep (as in hole or water) namo cut vora (na) . hadoa. kala defecate kekeve cut (bananas, coconuts, creeping vines, etc.) tonia deflated malopol cut (�specially coconuts, for drinking) kal,a deliver (child) vasua. vasusu cut hair ( ) kotia demand lepo susuliha cut into slices paria cut grass short with knife petsa demonstrate tate( a) cut grass, weeds, etc. to clear place tsaria tsetsela 73 deny nganga distant sauna depart distract depart from (as starting point) liu distract by making noise orisia depart from each other (couple) vailuai distrust padasavia dependent (upon) maumauri hinia disturb descend sivo disturb by making noise orisia describe kusu titihila disturbance kirimeru desire kili2• ngaloa. ngaoa. loana. dive hiehie padanga/oa divide destroy sekolipitsua divide into plots (garden) voroa develop rnaUfiSla divide up and share out kuva devil tarunga divorced vailuai dizzy taviru dew sibosibo( na) diarrhoea do nau(a) have diarrhoea hutuvahi. rutsurutsu. do something continually baba tavetoba way to or how to do (something) agoagona die mate do nothing horobala difference tovutovusi na doctor (traditional) gare a mana. gare a tataru different tovusi. tsikai tovutovu dog kau1 difficult kakai1 domestic kutikuti dig aria. helia. kabia dig and make rows in garden tsuka domesticate kutia dig with claws or nails garoa don't! basia dip door matsapa dip into water lumia doorway matsapa direct hotosia doubt tobaruka dirt '01010 2 dirt (when ingrained or stuck to down i pita • pita something) naguna drag dirty bau drag along ground ratsa dirty (of water, river) pao dragonfly itsi itsikolo disagree taiha tala draw marea disappear taha bola draw (water) hutu disapprove taiha tala dream bole bole disbelieve tobaruka bad dream bole bole seko disease rnasa he dream about bole(a) drink inu dislike sove(a) dislike (people) beresavia. rei sa via malehona inu dislocated pitsa drip kudukudu disobey petsakoe drive drive out tekea disregard lua bola 74

drive out (sickness or devils) pusu(a) eel mauvo drizzle tsimitsimi egg koluna drop nau puka. pukalia eight alu drown kokono. lulumi eighth alunina drum hoho. koko eighty alusangavulu dry mamatsa either lakamoi dry (of river) kora elbow karokarona limana dry (the body) sasavula dry (something) by the fi re rangia elect vilia dried by the sun rangla elephantiasis lupa dull modu eleven sangavulu tsikai dumb moko eligible tuhula1 . ulahana during tahuna else laka2 dusk reikarusahi embarrassed vangama dust pasapasa embers madana kebe. salaha(na) 1 duty lusu embrace vaivohovohosi. vunua

E emotion vavatsangi empty 1 each pipi. pipi sei moi. vai empty (in bag or box) bola eagle butai. tsatsa empty (of liquid) kora empty of solids koroveveha ear kulina ( ) empty (place) koroha ear lobe tsautsauna kulina empty out reo lihia early savua encircle poliloa . talihutia earth barangengo enclosure koso earthquake vuluhe encourage sula earthworm biri end mitsimitsina. susuina nightcrawler veruveru end of knife, pencil, rope, etc isuvana easily kisia enemy (na)halahala east ata be enemies (of each other) vaihalahavihi eastward ata. tada energetic ngingili. konimauriha. patiti eat hania. kuta enjoy mamahela eat raw food oda enlarge nau lava something to eat malehona kuta enlist mare asa echo ilena enormous tugana eclipse lunar eclipse vula mate enough sola solar eclipse asomate enroll mare asa edge susuina enslave tsekania edible hinana kuta. maleho hanihania entangled kara educate sasania entire popono 75

entrance matsapa eyebrows sisiruna makana envious masuhu eyelashes sisiruna makana epilepsy masahena bolo eyelid vovongona makana equal atsa make equal atsalia F error sasl fabricate (story) vusa European manesere face makana even atsa. hoto2 face (towards) aro evening naulavi fade malu every plpl faeces tae( na) every time pipi tahu fail taiha tangomana every place pipi nauna fail to hit (target) savi2 every bit (without exception) lalaka fail to meet pitsangia. sa vitia everybody pipi vausa faint mateluvu everyday pipi dani faith tutuni everyone lalaka. pipi sei moi. pipi vausa fake tsoatsoa everything pipi maleho fall puka everywhere pipi nauna fall off kalatsua evidence salana2 fall off or away from puka lihi(a) example titihila. tovotovo false tsoatsoa give an example kusu titihila fan ruvete. ruvetea excellent sola dou mate far (away) ao2• sauna exchange tuhuvaioli fart kiu excited hariri fashion ago vavaso exhale asesivo fast savua exist mauri fat paguru 1 existence mauri fat (grease) of animals lakana liquid fat (grease) (of meat, coconut, exorcise pu s u(a) etc.) monana expensive sola matena father kaka. tamana explain vinasa father-in-law vungona explode poda fault sasi extend busuka fear matahunia extinguish (fire) matea fear of heights bibi fear of fa lling bibi extra basiana feast kabu eye makana k.o. feast: karotsili (na). pitsukuri pupil and iris of eye dalemaka(na) sore or infected (of eye) kisu feathers ivuna eye disease hasile feed pala eye of yam ituhuna feel tapoa 76

feel (state of being) vatsangi(a) gills rasana roe bilana feelers (insects) sisiruna scale vidona feeling vavatsangi to fish tahavia fi sh (from canoe) kedoha. valusa female dakina. ulato fishhook salili fence bara. bar,i,veve. vevea k.o. fishhook: pilapila2• pinakata. sa hi fend dala fish-net galu. puke. laha. vuho fern 4 k.o. fern kumitsi. langalangau. tutubu fit tuhua fetch five tsehe (go to) fetch food from garden oli fix panitsia (go to) fetch water hutu flaking hevohevoha few kesana flame ruruma fiance(e) saesae1 flap (wings) apoapo fifth tsehenina flat atsa. malop01 fifty tsehesangavulu flat (land) nata fight vailabuhi flatter oso-oso fill flea ngutu fillup deia. vonulia flesh vinisina fill in and cover with earth pana flesh of fruits lakana2 filth filth (when ingrained or stuck to fling tsitsinaka something) naguna float tsobo( a) find flood obo fi nd something (lost by you) tsapatuhua find something (not lost by oneself) floor bela bela and pick it up ruhia flow nere. nusu finger kakauna flower index finger kakauna tate gare flower growing on ground kulikuli fingernail tsavena. huhuna flower of tree or bush sagana 1 finish suilania bear flowers saga k.o. flower: be finished SUI muriaso fire kebe flutter (wings) apoapo firefly totora fly lovo firewood hai na kebe fly (insect) lango first tsikainina. naho. nanahona. vatsikai flying fox manutsau at first tuturihana foam gasagasa(na) . gavuna. rerena firstborn nanahona fog rasu fish hahano fold bunia k.o. fish: alua. atu. bubu. dauaro. mada2 follow muria 1 string of fish tsutsu follow example of reinunu parts of fish: fi n titilona food 77

food (especially local root crops) vanga full (after eating) masu something to eat malehona kuta fun fool bul�sia. pegua make fun of tsiria foot tuana funny malehona tsolo for hinana2• vaniu(a) fur ivuna forbid tsukua future forbidden tabu in the future tahu ka mai force ketsua G forehead raena gain taho(a) forever tahu mana tahu gall bladder asuna forget purasa nia 2 purasanipitsua game tsatsangi . malehona tsatsangi old traditional game buabualde fork fork of road, river or tree masangana gap mangamanga forty vatisangavulu garden uta fountain vuravura( na) garden area which has been cleared abi four vati garland ngilau fourth vatinina gasp fragile taiha ngatsi gasp or struggle for breath asebona 2 frail ngai generous vangalaka freckle habu atu gentle dou frequently alevia gently kisia 1 fresh genuine utuni looking fresh marabu germinate fret padasavia germinate (of coconut and betelnut) kumutsu friend pape germs meri kasi ( see kasina) frighten meua get taho(a) get back (something) tsaulivisua frizzy tagitagiha ghost tarunga frog k.o. large frog bari giant molo from na4• ni. sana. sania. tania giddy giddy from spinning taviru front gift vangalaka1 in front (of) arona2• naho. nahona ginger papatso. ria fruit vuana bunch of fruit vunguna girl baka daki. ulato 1 k.o. fruit: vuru girlfriend udu part of old fruit (yam, taro, etc.) kabena give kusu(a) 2 give birth vasua. vasusu full vonu give with no payment involved kusu bola 78

give back kusubuloa. kusuvisua grate hiria give back (as change) tuhua2 grate coconut kori (a) glad mahe grater busule. hir! glance (at) berelaiviru grave gilugilu. kopa glide ava gravel golegole glittering angaanga grease liquid grease (of meat, coconut, etc.) glow madanga monana glue bulua2 greasy k.o. glue-like substance: pati greasy (as roast pig) tsetsere l go ba green marao go across talihu go all about, here and there babai grey-haired senge. vuare go and collect food from the garden oli groan tsila (go) and meet someone with goods to barter sarasi(a) . ground pita pita go away, go out, balihi group go out of rutsu group (moving along together) alaala2 go outside sivo pita go back for bulovia grow go more, go further ba laka help grow, make grow maurisia go to fetch water hutu grown out of shape eve go to look for something tiro growl nguru go for walk lela go to school sasania grunt nguru go with (someone) muria guard reitaonia. reitutu hua go or get into (something) sahe guess kutsu go south bai i one go to the toilet bai i one gun suda go up halaha go different ways tavota H God Taovia2 habit good dou be in habit of dona gorgeous rerei dou mate hair ivuna grab laua body hair on arms, legs, chest vuluvuluna grab fi sh out of water with hand potsoa2 pubic hair holona gradually kisia half half (of coconut, betelnut, etc.) tabana grandchild ku kua na hammer grandfather kukuana hammer (with stone) poha grandmother kakave. kukuana hand limana grasp velengatsi (a) to hand (to) kusu(a) grass buruburu hang tsaua k.o. grass: hoto1 hang by the neck liholihoa hanging tsautsau grasshopper piko happen laba 79 happy mahe. mamahela hip gegerena harbour goulonga. gouna his hinana1 . na2 hard ngatsi hit labua hard (to do) kakai1 hit (one's body) sudua hard of hearing kuli pono hit (the target) hadoa hit with open hand pitsalia harm sekolia hoarse lotso hat kepi hold vele hatch karabosa hold in fist kapukua hatchet kilekile hold each other (affectionately or otherwise) vaivohovohosi. vohosia have tamania hold tightly velengatsi (a) he hia. soa. e hold in safekeeping beretutuhua to still hold vele vata head lovana. uluna2 hole baba na . bana na . ovana heal taruhia ( ) ( ) small hole marara1 healed (as wound) mayo make holes in vurua healthy mauri dou sustain hole (tyre, pot, roof, etc.) potsa looking healthy marabu hole dug in ground gilu heap tsupu (na) hollow heap of earth tano. tavuhi hollow out (something) kaitia hear rongonia holy tabu hear and like or agree with holy place peo rongoningaoa hear and understand rongonihila home vera(na) homesick padavisu vera heart korusuna honeybee bulumitsua heat bilabila hook kautia heaven barahata hook (bait) tsukia heavy maya hook for plucking fruit, etc igo heed rongomanga (na) . rongonidoua hop kakaiso heel vusuvusukuna tuana hope amesi. amesia. pada utunia height katsitana horizon borona parako help ovea2. sanga. sasanga horn bill bina hen kudo hostile halavia1 her hia. na2 hot bila here neni2 hot (as chilli) raparapa here it is, here take this de house vale( na) 1 hers hinana1 custom house boko leaf house valeato hiccough tumarosu house post tuhuru(na) hide koku(a) hover ava hill bobona 1 small hill tano. tavuhi how vahavei how are (you)? vahavei2 him hia. soa 80 hug vaivohovohosi including tavalia hug (affectionately) vunua inconsiderate padakonina hold in a bear hug vohosia inconvenienced rota bola hum ngurua increase paboa human being gare incur incur debt tsike hundred tsasangatu indeed! nal hungry vitolo hungry (for fresh meat or fi sh) mode independent tui konina 2 hunt ruhu indigenous vavas0 hurt biu. labua. vailabuhi ineligible taiha ulahana husband atina inexpensive sivo matena husk penguna infertile halamane husk coconuts suhia inhale asehalaha inject tsukia injure labua I nau inland tsukuna idea papada na ( ) inquire vaisua identical tsika atsa insane bule identify berehila. rei hila insect idle horobala k.o. insect tsura. vasihara if tina inside lalo. lalona ill masahe. otse instruct sasania illegitimate (child) baka tsamu intelligent sa saha illness masa he interrupt sudavia illustrate vinasa interval tahu vatalena image nununa intestines tinaena imitate tsaria. reinunu intoxicated bua labusia immature koru island momoru immature (especially of nuts) govu isolate solo immediately tahuneni isolated (areas) solo immerse (in water) lumia. potsia it e impale tsukia itchy mamala important laval itchy skin condition buri impossible eutu pitsu impregnate talu baka vania improve maUrlSla in i2• lalona. na4 incest commit incest tsio 81

J know how to dona make known vinasa jab tsukia jaw ngoe L

jealous masuhu lagoon tasiboko jiggle vahalisia lake kuma join bulusaia lame tuana seko joint saisaina lamp bulu joints in body duduruna landslide keo joke lepo tsatsangi language lepona juggling l kind of musical juggling kidi2 lap arona .lapia l juice large lava juice from 'meat' of coconut sotona larva juice of tsela or vala nuts sotona larva (of beetle) vato jump dio. hiehie last susuina jump on diovia last (time) tahu e sui just soba late taiha savusavu just (recently) gesa later mimuri later today dani ba K laugh tsolo keep (back) vele vata lay kick lay (something) down monoa kick lower part of someone's body butu lay down sticks to mark rows in garden kabana lusua lay an egg vasua koluna kidney piuna layer vatabela kill labumatea lazy hoso. kakai2 kindl dou lead alahia kind2 vatana leader taovial kiss domia. mutsua. vaimutsui leaf raul . rauna kitchen (outdoor) vale uvi kebe dead and dried leaf on plant or tree knead bingia vako(na) sago palm leaf hatsira (na) knee karokarona tuana. tuturuna mid rib ofsoft leaf kumana kneel tsoni tuturu midrib of coconut, betelnut or sago palm leaf midina. pipina knife lSI k.o. of leaf chewed with betelnut koerau. kua knock kidikidi sago palm leaf panel hi nava (na) knock out or down with stick ratia leaves used while baking in stone oven knot puku. pukua. sosori(na) tsiranga tie and knot tightly rohia taro leaves kai taga knolled pukupukuha leak leak (in canoe) vuravura (na) know dona 82

leak (in roof) kudu lime chewed with betelnut latse chewed lime and betelnut papale lean ( ) lean on or against varara limp kakaiso, vavanotabakeli learn sasania line hotovana tribal line garavu leave lua ( ) dan line rau2 leave from as starting point liu ( ) , vunguvungu ( ) 2 leave out lua lihia line (in garden) lusu , taletale(na) intentionally leave something behind line up (of people) tui hoto suilua lip s ngitsuna leave each other vailuai ( ) listen rongovata left betsa little kikiki, marumu, pepetsi left (direction) maili, mauli live horol, mauri leg tuana front leg of animal limana lively konimauriha lend tsike liver atena length katsitana living mauri living thing maleho mamauri leper mudD lizard horuhoru, kolahe, kui, tobo leprosy mudD lobster ura ni tasi lest asa2 log let I ua, tala log lying across something and level atsa, hoto2 suspended above ground haipirivavala level place atsana long katsi make level atsalia long (for) amesia lick lapia longing amesi lid vovongona l look lie pegua, tsoa look for husu lie2 lie down eno, mono look (like) rerei lie down together kolia look strange, different, funny rerei vaha lie face downward mono ulusivo look at bebere, bubua, bungutia, resia look at quickly berelaiviru life maurl look after arahoa, reitaonia, reitutuhua lift look after (children) peroa lift up with both arms in front look after (people only) turua suluhalaha look after (something) beretutuhua light bulu looking (fresh, healthy, revived) marabu light (lamp or fire) tunua loose lugulugu, luhaluha , taiha ngatsi light up using torches tutunu3 lose suitahanoa shine a light on bulual lost taha(no) light (in weight) malamala2 lot sola, tohana lightning pilapilal loudly lava2 light-skinned helel louse ngutu like ngaloa , ngaoa, loana, vaha, vaingaloi lice eggs lisana lime poke 83 love ngaloa. ngaoa. loana medicine (traditional) huli love each other vaingaloi meet tuhua1 lower hatsu sivoa. talusivoa meeting lepolepo luggage boliboli melt olo(a) lung boena 1 mend (clothes) gama. garua M menstruate reivula merely soba maggot men message saurongo make agosia. nau(a) make copra kavara method babana make faces at patsua middle vatale( na) make mound of earth avu(a) middle (of the island) solo make 'music' by slapping water kidilo ( ) middle-aged kakatu make wall, patio (by putting stones together) tsukalia midnight vatalesi male garena. uluvao mildew niveha man gare miracle valatsatsa big important man taovia1 ( ) mischievous papaluha. sasaha s'eko middle-aged or mature man gare hanoha miss old man tugatuga miss (person, ship, etc.) savitia effiminate man gare mala daki miss (ship, etc.) pitsangia 2 mango hoai miss (target) savi manioc uvihai misshapen eve mantis mist lavo praying mantis kangai mistake sasi many avo. tohana mistakenly sasia market sarasi mill sahelaloa marry taulania mock tsiria. patsua married taulahi mock by shouting at ilia mash (food) gata mole habu atu. kutsona masturbate nanali moment mat eba a moment ago gesa pandanus mat kalaku money material polo( na) shell money hade See also 'shell money' mature hanoha month vula maybe dai moon vula measure crescent moon vikio measure with fi nger width labusia hinia kaka una more laka2 measure with outstretched thumb and middle finger tinagea morning roporopo very early morning lolongana bongibongi meat vinisina morning (up until about 10 o'clock) lolongana 84

mid to late morning masohata naughty bule. bulebuleha. papaluha. sasaha seko morsel ngeuna. tsomena nauseous mumuleha mosquito ngi navel pepena moss lumulumu near haravia. lihina moth bebe nearly haravia mother lake. nana (na) neck kokonona mother-in-law vungona nape of neck rorona mother-of- pearl kove necklace ngilau mouldy vokoha k.o. necklace alualu moult nephew tsagina moult (as snake) havo nest nikuna mound never eutu pitsu. taihalaka mound of earth tano. tavuhi make mound of earth avu (a) new vaolu mountain bobona. tetena newcomer mama mouth mangana1 newly-born (animal) daledale(m) move haru. hatsu next mimuri. vaolu move close to haru nibble move up hatsu halaha nibble bait dokilia move from side to side (as ship) kelikeli(a) niece tsagina move (to a new place) boli night bongi2 much avo nightmare bolebole seko mucus nine siu mucus in throat or lungs litolitona nasal mucus bangona ninety siusangavulu mud gotso. kotso ninth siunina multiply paboa nits lisana murmur (as continuous sound) no taiha gorogororo no more taihalaka mushroom talinge nod talakongi my go noise make noise mystery valatsatsa rorongo noisy orl N none taihalaka naked mamaole noose kali keba name asana. hila north longa namesake malavu nose isuna narrow kapitsotsoha not taiha so that ... not asa2 nasal(ly) ngarungaruha not any taihalaka. ta laka tsika natural vavas02 85

not yet, still not taiha vata open up kaporaka (sia) not be in the habit of doing vovo(a) open up (as flower) voravora not know how to vovo(a) open up (blanket, newspaper, book, not know why one is doing something etc.) vorasia tatavonga na be open and bleeding (as wound) not like or want sove(a) makala not understand taiha padahila. vovo(a) opening ovana not value or have high regard for opening (between two things) tobalela mangamanga now tahuneni opening (of tin, drum, bottle, etc.) manganal numb batao rabo operate laga. paria number avotana oppose lepo utusia. tui utusia nut oppress tsekania Canarium nut hatsoha. tsela cut nut vala or se orange ango o orange (fruit) moli oar vose ordinary bola2 obey rongomanga (na) orgasm object taiha tala have orgasm marimari 2 obligation lusul originally tavula. vavaso observe bebere. bubua orphan baka tsamu obstruct suhutia. susuhu out lihia occur laba out-of-breath boe 2 ocean tasi out-of-touch lava tsavua l octopus hulita outside i pita . pita. pitana of a2. hinana2. hinia . na4. ni. sana. sania. oven (stone) gilu tania overcast okuoku offspring dalena overflow often alevia overflow banks (of river) obo l o.k dou sobal overgrown lava tsavua old tuali overseas vera lava old man tugatuga overtake lingisia old woman gogosl overturn luvu omit lua lihia owe on na4 owe (debt) turi on top palahalaha. tohuna owl kuru one tsika own tamania only one tsikai moi only moi2• soba open ovaova open hand (palm facing up) tabe 86

p penalty pedena pendant davi packet poroporo( na) peninsula isuna pad pad (on head) tatali penis kuina paddle vose. vosevose people vausa propel canoe with paddle from bow person gare alopia personality sasahana pagan ponotoba perspiration hovahovana pain biu perspire hovahova paint paint with lime palea phlegm litolitona palm (of hand) perana limana pick pick flowers. fruits pitsua pandanus kalaku. naki ( ) pick up tahohalaha panpipe hau pick up and take away ruru paradise barahata pick up rubbish. etc. and throw away gotia paralysed rabo pick up with tongs kapia parcel poroporo(na) pick (teeth) tsukia parrot tsurui. kolotsiri picture nununa part busuna. nauna piece busuna. nauna pass kusu(a) pierce tsukia. vurua l path sala(na) pig bolo male pig toko patio tsukatsuka fe male pig kavi (na) paw pile tsupu(na) front paw (of animal) limana pillow haiulu. pela pawpaw uli pimple gatu1 pay volia. volivoli(na) pay compensation sese. siale pinch hinitia pay for (something) matenga pipe pipiala pay bride price for woman voli daki placel nauna payment volivoli (na) every place plpl nauna peck tokia holy place peo place (in which to do something) peel salanal peel (fruit) pagea. pOitla place where one lives vera (na) peel off skin stuck firmly pirasia 2 peel off with hand kevutia place talua peel with knife. shell. etc karisia placenta rau a baka peeling hevohevoha plain bola2 peeling of skin kevukevuha. tarakevu ( ) plait tagia peep gegele(a) plant tsuka. vasia peer (at) gegele(a) k.o. plant: karo. kauva. ria plant growing new shoots rudu 87 platform bela bela press bingia play tsatsangil press together bingisaia play (guitar) taia2 pretend play (panpipe) uvia pretend to be (like) tsaria play (as radio) tangi prevent eutusia. utusia plenty avo. sola. tohana price matena pluck (out) vutia prick tsukia. hadoa plug balubalu. balua priest patere l plus mana prison vale sosori pod promise koe talu k.o. seed pod: tsetsetse. valage proper dou point taleha. tate a ( ) 2 point out (by words) gena prostitute vila have sharp point katsukatsuha protect reitaonia. reitutuhua point of land isuna protrude tsakatsaka pointed proud hotuhotu. kaekael pointed end of knife, pencil, rope, etc Isuvana provide pala poison kidoa provoke ratsia pond kuma prune rudua pool boko2 pry poor taiha tamani pry (open. out) tsipa porpoise gilio pudding k.o. pudding hola position salanal puddle boko2 possess tamania pull raga possum kadora pull out vutia post punch sukulia post (of house, etc.) tuhuru(na) puncture tsukia pot kuku puny ngai pounce diovia purpose rongona2 pound pound with stick-like object tutuku(a) purr gorogororo pour reo(a) . reo lihia pus korauna power susulihana push push against bingia prawn (freshwater) ura push (people) tsulea pray lotu. navu navu push (something) usua prayer lotu. navunavu put talua put down talusivoa predict kutsu put in order hotosia pregnant kutu2. tiana put into water lumia put on (clothes) sahelia. titia prepare onionia put on hook kautia 88

put out (one's hand, stick, etc.) saua recall padavisua put stones together to make wall, recede patio, etc tsukalia recede (flood water) puka lihi(a) Q receive taho(a ) recent vaolu quake vahali recent (3-4 days) past bongi ba 1 qualified tuhula recognise berehila. reihila quantity avotana recognise (by the sound) rongonihila quarrel ovo. ovo ovea recover queasy mumuleha recover (something) tsaulivisua question vavaisu red tsitsi quickly kesa. savua reduce reduce (price, etc.) hatsu sivoa quiet mui reed quietly muimui k.o. reed ade. butobuto quietly (as someone speaking) hasahasa refreshed marabu refuse R refuse (permission) lutia race vailingilingisi. volavolau regardless somoi raft pata regret padasavia rafter haso( na) relative kula na rain langi relax mango heavy, continuous rain langirau relocate boli lull or break in rain tsinaka rain lightly tsimitsimi remaining betsa rainbow vulaharo remember padavisua raise hatsu halaha. sauhalaha remove tagoligia remove hide of animal pena rat husuve ( ) repair panitsia rattan hue repay tuhua2• tuhuvisua raw gola repeatedly tahu mana tahu reach tsau 2 reach out for ngangauvia replace tuhua read tsoko( a) . itsu reprimand lepo susuliha ready onioni request dola. nokia 1 ready (to work with) kidi respect padalava get ready, make ready onionia. vangarau(a) rest mango really sola. utuni2 return tsaulivisua. kusubuloa . kusu'visua really! na1 reveal taleha reveal (the truth) koe tatea reason rongona2. sahavanihila reward pelua. peluna rebound kidivururu 89 rib (of leaf) kakaina. kumana. midina. pipina rotten and wet (as log or leaves) po to ride rouse halisia ride on person's back papa sana row hotovana ride on the shoulders kikitso(a) row (in garden) lusu2 . taletale(na) ridging rub garia ridging of house tavunga (na) rub or massage (body) potsoa1 right dou rub with hand (as one's eyes) biria2 right (direction) madoa clean or dry (by rubbing) savula ring rubbish 101010 2 ring (bell) taia run volavolau ring (of clock) tangi run away tsoho rip ritsia rustle gorere ripe hanoha. mada1 s rise halaha risky malehona mate sacred tabu river kolo sad melu branch or fork of river masangana sadness melu river bed ovona kolo shallow, rocky spot in river huru sago palm ato road sala(na) saliva tsuvena branch or fork of road masangana salt-water tasi roast kerea same atsa. tsika atsa roast in stone oven biti(a) same (way) vasa roast food in bamboo apa. basa have the same idea padavasa rock make the same atsalia rock from side to side (as ship) sand mamarasa kelikeli(a) sap busina roe bilana sated masu roll boia roll and twist two strands together saucepan kuku biria1 roll (as cigarette) vilovilo say koe va nia. koea say correctly koe doua roll over bokia roll up and make into circle poliloa say the name of hila roof bukena vale scaly vidovidoha top peak of roof tavunga(na) scar pilona rooster kokora ko keloid (raised) scars buabua root lamuna scare meua k.o. edible root taumana school vale sasani rope alo school (of fish) talana circlet of rope, etc kalikeba schoolchild baka sasani rotten rotten and decomposing (fruit, dead scold lepo susuliha body) ratsa scoop kilia2 90

scrape tsatsia. garia shallow kaekae2 scrape or grate coconut kori (a) shallow, rocky spot (in river) huru scrape tau mana kakava share kuva scrape inside of hollow object kaitia scrape outer bark from tree horia shark bahea scraper sharp katsukatsuha coconut scraper tauaka sharpen scratch vora (na) sharpen (axe, etc.) asa scratch an itch garugaru sharpen (knife, axe, etc.) tsava scratch with claws or nails garoa . sharpen (stick, etc.) katsua garua2 scratch ground as chickens do tsikia2 she e. hia. kavua scrub hitsia. hutsuria shed shed leaves (of tree) rara2 sea tasi shed skin (as snake) havo deep sea namo rodo shelf bela bela seal seal (canoe) patia shell shell of coconut tseu na search husu ( ) k.o. conch shell tavuli second rukanina sea shells buli secured ngatsi shell money hade single white shell money peda see berengia. resia four-stringed shell money kogana. see (something) and want it reingaoa matabala seed piuna. vatuna six-stringed shell money talina twelve-stringed shell money select tsakoa daosangava 2 short string of single white shell self konina moneys somu self-centred padakonina shellfish selfish moro k.o. shell fish: hari. kapitsi. kove. tuetue sell tsabiri(a). rua shelter ravi semen kavuna . merina shield tako send kusu(a) shin vol en a tuana separate tavota. vota. votalihia shine 1 sew tula shine (light on) bulua shine (of moon) beha sew sago palm leaves tsutsu2 shine (of sun) sina sexual intercourse vaitsi. vaitsia shiny angaanga. birori. nainai have sexual intercourse with (not polite) hetsia ship vaka shade ungana shiver harihariri shadow nununa shoot vanasla shake harihariri. kasilia. vahali. vahalisia shoot with gun suda shake (coconut, etc.) langelangea shoot with spear baloa shake (something) alihirisia shoot out in steady stream (as urine) sha�� slightly (something stationary) rarasa Iglsla new shoot of taro, banana kabona 91

young shoot of taro kabokabo sit still horo katso short kolukolu sit straight horo hoto short-winded boe six one shoulder kokovena sixth ononlna shout haila sixty one sangavulu show taleha. tate a skin hulina ( ) skin condition buri. mavi. vuni na show (how to do) tsaria ( ) show one's teeth sisila shed skin of snake, etc havona to skin (animal) pena shrub peel off skin stuck firmly pirasia k.o. shrub: butobuto. goragora. rauhabu skinny garo shudder vahali skirt bosa. katsa(na) shut skirt (for men) pipisi shut (especially door) havitia shut (especially lid) vongoa sky parako shut (eyes) poroa slack lugulugu. luhaluha shut off matea slap dava. pitsalia shy vangama make 'music' by slapping water kidilo sibling kasina slave tseka sick masahe. otse sleep makuru sickness masahe slide side tabana slide something up and down (like zipper raria on this side of tabana mai ) on the other side of tabana ba slippery side (of body, hip) gegerena slippery and wet birori side (of ship, etc.) gegerena slippery (but not wet) matsamatsa sigh slope kabikabi sigh deeply asebona slowly kisia 2 sign salana slug sign (up) mare asa k.o. garden slug: kipara silent mui small kikiki. kikina. marumu. pepetsi simply soba smash smash something bisa sing Ii nge( a) ( ) sing wordless ditty lalala smash (with stone) poha sing traditional chanting music lele2 smashed peta sink smell sihini(aJ sink under water lulumi smell (bad) mabulu sister kasina. kasina daki smile sisila sister (taboo) vavinena smoke punguna to smoke pipe pipiala sister-in-law lahina. doma( na) ( ) sit hor03. horo sivo smooth atsa . matsamatsa sit on someone's lap bebela snail sit on and hatch ovia k.o. land snail: kene. kobiroro. koivo 92

k.o. freshwater snail: bokua. doe. leve. southward tsapa mare. tsugu space aomanga snake mata. muata spank pitsalia k.o. snake: daudaumanu. doli. hahala. omo. poli spare basiana snap speak lep02 snap (stick, etc.) karoa speak ill of sekolia sneeze tsipe spear balo. baloa snore ngora to spear (without letting weapon fly) gulua so hiasa rongona. vaha spider lao soak vatavia k.o. spider: kokomitsi soft malutsi spider's web laolaona soft spill reo(a) soft (not solid) taiha ngatsi spin variro( a) soft (cooked meat, fruit, person's skin) mal uku spinning ali softly hasahasa spinster daki tsamu soil pita pita spirit tarunga sole (of foot) perana tuana spit tsuve spit out food, etc. pusu a solid ngatsi ( ) ( ) splash some kesana splash lightly tsitsirikia some (people) kesana splash with liquid saovia some day ka tsikai dani some time ka tsikai tahu split split and open up bamboo voa something maleho split or crack with knife or stone as something to drink malehona inu ( coconut) bosa something to eat malehona kuta split in half tavota sometimes kesa tahu be split (especially containers) tabosa son dalena gare spoil sekolia son-in-law vungona spoon coconut-shell spoon lovou song linge spouse atina sorcerer gare velevele spread sore biu. vora(na) spread over (of grass, vines, etc.) ala sorrow melu spread out (blanket, newspaper, book, etc.) vorasia sorry (for) sahavia spring vuravura na sort vatana ( ) sprout sound rorongona sprout of coconut, betelnut kumutsu make sound rorongo ( ) sound like (something) rongovaha spy berelaiviru sour mali mali squash squash things in together varasaisaira south one squashed peta 93

squat horo tuitui stone vatu squeal kue stone squeeze stone edifice enclosing bones kopa squeeze things in together varasaisaira flat stones laid out as patio papakali. pakapaka. tsukatsuka squeeze out any liquid losia stoop stack papia stoop suddenly under low-lying object stagger tavatavava . vavanotabakeli ruhu stake susu stop eutusia. utusia stop raining slna stand tui stand up tui halaha storm lehai stand (something) up tuia. vaturia story tutuhunu(na) stand up small sticks betea. bete2 straight hoto2 stand up straight tui hoto stand up against (fig.) tui utusia straighten hotosia stand behind (someone) tui muri(na) strangle stand up by oneself (fig.) tui konina strangle (pig, etc.) tongoa stand (of trees) suhuna strength susulihana star vetuhu stretch morning star vetuhu si dani stretch for ngangauvia stare (at) nangatia stretch upward (hand, etc.) sauhalaha stretch out (one's hand, stick, etc.) starfish vetuhu ni tasi saua start tuturiha strike start fire by blowing on it uvia strike something (and bounce off) startled kanu kidivururu strike (what one is aiming for, e.g. stay horol target) hadoa steal belia strike (as match) tsatsia stem string alo stem (of pipe) tuatuana string games tinabe short string (of single white shell step moneys) somu step on (top of) butulia stroke saroa stick hai stroll lela flat stick hai ta petapeha small sticks betel strong patiti strong person, current in river) 2 -' stick (to) kau .lago susuliha stick (out) tsakatsaka strong (things, objects) ngatsi still horo katso. vata struggle struggle to get free iringahi sting 2 sting (as cut) tsitsiri stuck kapi stingray kopi student baka sasani stink mabulu stumble tsida stomach kutuna stupid bule. bulebuleha style ago vavaso 94 subside take food out of gilu dive subside (river, sea) luage take something without paying for it taho bola succeed manahana. tangomana talk lep02 suck (on) mutsua. patsia talk with kokolu suffer rota talk about tuhuna talk against lepo utusia suffer talk back (in response to another) suffer for nothing rota bola tuhua lepo cause to suffer rotasia talk softly lepo hasahasa suffering rota tall katsi sugarcane tovu tame kutia. kutikuti 1 suitable tUhula . ulahana tangled pukupukuha sun aso tap supply pala tap with open hand pitsalia surely utuni2 tapeworm roge surf hohoho tapioca uvihai surfing hohoho taro kake 1 surprise novotia wild taro vila surprised novo swamp taro kakake baked, mashed and softened taro swallow konovia topuhu sway vahali cooked and softened taro or yam lakengo swear asu. lepo seko baked and pressed taro wrapped in leaves velevele sweep saloa taro leaves kai taga sweet metsua. mitsua taste hani sweet potato kumara tatoo rabu. rabu(a) sweet potato vine uluna1 teach sasa nla swim sal02 tear ritsia swollen tsoko tear (of eye) kolona makana sympathise sahavia tease patsua. pegua T tease by shouting at ilia tell koe vania table bela bela temptation tabotabo taboo tsukua ten sangavulu tail kalina tender take taho(a) tender (cooked meat, fruit, person's take away taholihia skin) maluku take off tsualihia termite ane take up tahohalaha terrible savi1 take another, more taholaka take hold of suddenly and forcefully than Ii usia laua that hana. hanania. kova. nia2 95

(in) that place (i) ai throw away, out suia. suibola. suilihia. the a1 • hira2 suilua throw down suddenly or forcibly their ra1 tsitsinaka forcefully throw to ground apalania them ra2 throw away (collected rubbish) gotia then mimuri throw something (at something) taia1 1 there ai. i ai. nia thunder therefore hiasa rongona low rumbling thunder gululu these hira neni tie kurua. pukua. soria 1 3 tie and knot tightly rohia they hira • ra tie up number of objects together they (dual) rauka kurutetea they (trial) ratou tie up (especially pig, chicken, etc.) pitia thick paku tighten pukua thickness vatabela tightly ngatsia. ngiringiria thief belibeli timber thigh bunguna. kakabana k.o. palm timber kangana thin garo time tahu(na) think pada. pada. padasahata. papada long time oka nanaho. papada vatsikei every time pipi tahu think back padavisua any time katsa tahu think but not be sure pada soba in a little time taiha oka think logically sahavanihila time between tahu vatalena think seriously about (something) pada long time ago sauba solahana 'once upon a time' horohoro tsikei dani think the same (idea) padavasa the last time, (time) before tahu e sui think about and fret over padasavia time and time again tahu mana tahu think something is true pada utunia tiny kikiki pitsu third tolunina tip mitsimitsina thirty tolusangavulu tired (of) gisi. hososata. kabuli this neni1 . hananeni to i2• vaniu(a) thorn karuna tobacco mavuru thorny karukaruha locally-grown tobacco lekona those hira nia commercially-processed tobacco mavuru vaka though dou soba2 today dani. dani neni thought pa pada (na) later today dani ba thoughtless padakonina toe kakauna thousand toha2 toenail tsavena. huhuna three tolu together sai throat kokonona tomorrow karopo throb pidi tongs kapil throw suia tongue la pi na 96

tonight bongi neni turn pilo(a) turn into lia too lakamoi, moil turn (something) around (to face tooth livona another way) valiua, varitsiua turn upside down (in order to empty) toothless rohe reo( a) top turn off matea on top of tohuna turn on or off (as radio) vilo(a) top (of something) mitsimitsina turn over, inside out pilo(a) vonul torn taritsi twenty rukapatu tortoise (sea) raro twins mutse toss toss and turn (in sleep) susuhu twirl birua touch tapoa twist birua touch with fi ngertip arikia twist two strands together birial town vera lava two ruka toy tsatsangi2, malehona tsatsangi two hundred ruka sangatu transfer boli type vatana

translate tuhua lepo u tree hai tree growing new shoots rudu unable eutu k.o. tree: aroaro, ato, boilo, bulungali, unable (to do something) taiha buti, govugovu, haitiola, haivoha, tangomana haviha, kalaku, koga, koilo, lamoli, ligi, unable to recognise or identify karusahi malamalal , naki , pai, patsa, puha, raho, raral , sabaha, soto, tabalolo, tita, uncle tsagina tohonasi, tsaoka , ul usa, vasa parts of tree: uncluttered mangasala, masalanga branch arengana, masangana unconscious mateluvu l leaves rau under vavana root lamuna base of tree trunk, stump borona hai underneath vavana bark hulina underpart (animal, fish) aronal tributary (water) tsarina understand sahavanihila trick bulesia, pegua understand clearly padahila trickle kudukudu undo unusia trip tsida undone unu troll alaala1 unfold kaporaka(sia) unfold (as flower) voravora trouble kirimeru unfold (blanket, newspaper, book, etc.) true utuni1 vorasla truly utuni2 unfriendly halavial trust tutuni unimportant maleho bola try tovoa unripe koru unripe (especially nuts) goitu tuck tuck in (end of lava lava or loincloth) unsuitable taiha ulahana vigua 97

untie unusla vow koe talu until tsau w untrue tsoatsoa unwilling hoso wade 010 wade across river 010 talihu kolo up ( ) (it is) up to( him) tabana sana wag vahali. vahalisia upside wage (war) tahomate be upside down tsulupika wages volivoli( na) urinate mimi. mimisia waist hotuna urine mimina wait pitu(a) us hita. tauka wake rarai us three (ind.) katolu wake someone up halisia us (dual exd.) hamika. harika walk vavano us (trial exd.) hamitou us all of us, exd. hami walk leisurely, walk for pleasure, go for ( ) walk lela useless taulaka walk on top of something (e.g. log, house beam tete uterus polopolona baka. poroporona baka. ) valevalena baka wall baniave stone wall tsukatsuka v want ngaloa . ngaoa. loana. padangaloa vagina kele warm warm as water tutunu1 value matena ( ) warm (something) over or dose by fire vegetable rangia k.o. vegetable: be warmed by sun rangia corn sila warrior malahai k.o. root vegetable: pana k.o. green vegetable: boliu. boto. kai. kai wart kutsona putsi. kai taga. kokopa. kuika . pure. wary kukuni suha wash vulia vein ulana wash away or out hura very sola. solahana wash face damolia very (neg. use) sahata wasp manivo village vera (na) k.o. wasp: vuvu1 vine alo waste (time) rota bola k.o. vine: asa1. habe. habui. hatsiho. pinau. rarautolu. tagulibahe. uluna1 . watch bebere. bubua. bungutia vulevule watch carefully reidoua virgin siama watch over reitaonia. reitutuhua vision bolebole watchful kukuni visit tsihoa water kolo drinking water kolona inu 2 voice mangana salt-water, sea water tasi volcano gurara waterfall tsohatsoha vomit mutamuta 98 watery koloha whirlpool vaogilu wave whisper lepo hasahasa wave (to beckon someone) kalopia white sere wave hand (to say hello or goodbye) white person manesere tivutivu(a) whittle katsa wave (ocean) lualua who sei. hana way sala (na) who else? sei laka way (of doing something) babana the same (way) vasa whole popono be in the way susuhu whose hana. sei na we hami. hita. tauka why rongona sa va we (dual excl.) hamika. harika we (trial incl.) katolu wide dama. naba we (trial excl.) hamitou widow daki tsamu weak widower gare tsamu weak (physically) goli. maluku weak by nature ameameha width nabatana weakling ame wife atina wear sahelia. titia wild atsi weave vatulia willing mahuli l weed buruburu seko. lobi. lobia. ruboa. wind loha sisi (a) light wind bisibisi. harahara north-west wind koburu weep ngara south-east wind ara weight mamavatana wind2 welts tutunu2 to wind (around) virihia to wind (up) vilo(a) west vava wing rapona westward tave. va va wink maka kurua. rupia wet botsi. botsilia wet (and slippery) birori wipe whale bubusu. vavasol wipe clean or dry (by rubbing) savula wise sasaha what a. saval 2 in what manner or way vahaveil wish kili what kind of? sava2 wish (for) padangaloa l when be. ngisa. tahu sava. tahuna with hinia . ovea . sana. tavalia where hele2. vei wither malu wherever hele2 withhold vele vata whether tina within lalona which hana. hana sava. sava2 without without reason, without thinking bolal while tahuna in a little while taiha oka wobble igisia whip ramitsia woman daki nice-looking/pretty woman daki laka whirl variro(a) 99 wonder papada y word lepol yam uvi work ago cooked and softened yam lakengo work together ago pata. ago sai yawn maomao world barangengo year uvi (na) worn (out) taulaka yearn amesia worry pada yearning amesi worth matena yell haila wound vora(na).labua yellow mila wrap poroa wrap (around) virihia yelp pihu wreath ngilau yes aol. ee. eo wrenched pitsa yesterday bongil wring yet vata wring out (liquid) losia you wrinkled you (sg) hoe wrinkled (clothes) bunibuni you (pi) hamu wrinkled (skin) kabe you (trial) hamutolu you (dual) hamuka. haruka write mamare. marea young vaolu wrong sasi your wrongly sasia your (sg) mol 100

APPENDIX A

Pronouns

subject object possesswe

1sg 'I' nau u (nau) hinagu (nau)

2sg you hoe ho (hoe) hinamu (hoe)

3sg 'he, she, it' hia a (hia) hinana (hia)

1pl 'we (incl .)' hita (sui) hita hinada (hita) 'we (excl.)' hami (sui) hami hinamami (hami) 'we two (incl.)' tauka tauka hinadauka (tauka) 'we two (excl.)' hamika hamika hinamika (hamika) 'we three (incl.)' katou katolu hinadatou (katou) 'we three (excl.)' hamitou hamitou hinamitolu (hamitou)

2pl you hamu (sui) hamu hinamiu (hamu) you two hamuka hamuka hinamuka (hamuka) you three hamutou 1 hamutou hinamutolu (hamutou)

3pl 'they' hira (sui) ra2 hinara (hira) 'they two' rauka rauka hinarauka 'they three' ratou ratolu hinaratolu

I Hamutou ba i vei? ·Where are the three of you going?· 2 Nau berengira i kolo ., saw them at the river.· 101

APPENDIX B

Conjunctions

I. Conjunctions 'and' or 'but' are used in joining compound sentences with the same subject. Note that the subject pronoun is not repeated in the second clause, 1sg Nau ba i kolo mu leleso 'I went to the river and (I) bathed.' Nau ba i kolo mu taiha leleso 'I went to the river but (I) didn't bathe.'

2sg Hoe ba i kolo mo leleso 'You went to the river and (you) bathed.'

Hoe ba i kolo ---mo taiha leleso 'You went to the river but (you) didn't bathe.'

3sg Hia ba i kolo me leleso 1 'He (she, it) went to the river and (he) bathed.' Hia ba i kolo me taiha leleso 'He (she, it) went to the river but (he) didn't bathe.'

1pl Hita ba i kolo mata leleso 'We (incl.) went to the river and (we) bathed.' Hita ba i kolo mata taiha leleso 'We (incl.) went to the river but (we) didn't bathe.'

Hami (sui) ba i kolo mami leleso 'We (excl.) went to the river and (we) bathed.' Hami (sui) ba i kolo mami taiha leleso 'We (excl.) went to the river but (we) didn't bathe.'

Tauka ba i kolo matauka leleso 'We two went to the river and (we) bathed.' Tauka ba i kolo matauka taiha leleso 'We two went to the river but (we) didn't bathe.'

Hamika ba i kolo mamika leleso 'We two (excl .) went to the river and (we) bathed .' Hamika ba i kolo mamika taiha leleso 'We two (excl.) went to the river but (we) didn't bathe.'

Katou ba i kolo makatu leleso 'We three (incl.) went to the river and (we) bathed .' Katou ba i kolo makatu taiha leleso 'We three (incl.) went to the river but (we) didn't bathe.'

1 me (3sg) is also used for 'and' or 'but' when the subject of the second clause refers back to the object (for things only, not persons) of the first clause. e.g. hira gare ra kalano hai me puka 'the men cut the tree and !! fell down', Nau lsaua po lo na aso me mamalsa 'I hung the clothing in the sun and it (the clothing) is dry'. 102

Hamitou ba i kolo mamitu leleso 'We three (excl.) went to the river and (we) bathed.' Hamitou ba i kolo mamitu taiha leleso 'We three (excl.) went to the river but (we) didn't bathe.'

2pl Hamu (sui) ba i kolo mamu taiha leleso 'You (pl.) went to the river and (you) bat hed.' Hamu (sui) ba i kolo mamu taiha leleso 'You (pl.) went to the river but (you) didn't ba the.'

Hamuka ba i kolo mamuka leleso 'You two went to the river and (you) bathed .' Hamuka ba i kolo mamuka taiha leleso 'You two went to the river but (you) didn't bathe.'

Hamutou be i kolo mamutu leleso 'You three went to the river and (you) bathed.' Hamutou ba i kolo mamutu taiha leleso 'You three went to the river but (you) didn't bathe.'

3pl Hira ba i kolo mara leleso 'They went to the river and (they) bathed.' Hira ba i kolo mara taiha leleso 'They went to the river but (they) didn't bathe.'

Rauka ba i kolo marauka leleso 'They two went to the river and (they) bathed.' Rauka ba i kolo marauka taiha leleso 'They two went to the river but (they) didn't bathe.'

Ratou ba i kolo ---maratu leleso 'They three went to the river and (they) bathed.' Ratou ba i kolo maratu taiha leleso 'They three went to the river but (they) didn't bathe.'

II, mai 'and' is used only for linking names of persons. For example: Ke Anna mai ke Rosa rauka daruka ba 'Anna and Rosa will go.'

i Jone mai nau hamika ba i Bubukolo na vula e sui 'John and I went to Bubukolo last month.'

III, mi 'and' or 'but' is used in compound sentences where the subjects of the first and second clauses are not the same but where both subjects refer to people, not things. Note that the subject noun or pronoun must be repeated in the second clause. For example:

Nau labua Jone mi hia ngara 'I hit John and he cried.' 103

Hami horohoro mi hira mai 'We were sitting around and they came,'

Nau ngaloa ba mi Jone sove 'I want to go but John refuses,'

Nau pitua Bili mi hia taiha mai 'I waited for Billy but he didn't come.'

IV. mana 'and' or 'but' is used when linking names of things in a simple sentence, For example:

Nau vasia kumara mana vutsi 'I' planted kumaras and bananas.' mana is also used in compound sentences where the subject of the second clause is a thing rather than a person and where the subject does not refer back to either the subject or object of the first clause,

langi e mai mana vale e kudu 'It's raining and the house is leaking.'

Nau horohoro mana bukegu e biu 'I've been sitting and my back is sore.'

Nau ngaloa ba i kolo mana langi mai 'I wanted to go to the river but it is raining.' 104

APPENDIX C

So that, in order that 1

1sg so that I rnoto(go) 2sg so that you rnoho(go) 3sg so that he (she. it) rnaka(ga)

lpl so that we (incl.) rnataga2 so that we (excl.) rnarniga so that we two (incl.) rnataukaga so that we two (excl.) rnarnikaga so that we three (incl.) rnakatuga so that we three (excl.) rnarnituga

2pl so that you (pI.) rnarnuga so that you two rnarnukaga so that you three rnarnutuga

3pl so that they rnaraga 3 so that they two rnaraukaga so that they three rnaratuga

1 Pijin mekem

2 Hita ba i kolo mataga leleso 'Let's all go to the river so that we can bathe.'

3 Hira sui ra ba i verara maraga kuta 'They all went home so that they could eat.' 105

APPENDIX 0

Future Tense

lsg I will. I am going to nau doto, nau dato

2sg you (sg) you will. you are going to hoe doho

3sg he (she. it) he will. hia daka he is going to lpl we (incl.) (iumievriwan) we will. we are going to hita data

we (excl.) (mifala evriwan) we will. we are going to hami dami

we two (incl.) (iumitufala) we will. we are going to tauka datuka

we two (excl.) (mitufala) we two will. we are going to hamika damika

we three (i ncl . ) (iumitrifala) we will. we are going to katou dakatu

we three (excl.) (mitrifala) we will. we are going to hamitou damitu

2pl you (pl.) (iufala evriwan) you will. you are going to ----hamu damu

you two (iutufala) you will. you are going to hamuka damuka

you three (iutrifala) you will. you are going to hamutou damutu

3pl they (olketa) they will. they're going to hira dara

they two (tufala) they will. they're going to rauka daruka

they three (trifala) they will. they're going to ratolu daratu 106

APPENDIX E

Past and Present Tense

lsg nau u

2sg you (sg.) hoe 0

3sg he, she, it hia e

1pl we (incl.) hita (sui) ta we (excl.) hami (sui) mi we two (incl.) tauka tuka we two (excl.) hamika mika we three (incl.) katolu katu (or tatu) we three (excl.) hamitou mitu

2pl you (pl.) hamu (sui) mu you two hamuka muka you three hamutou mutu

3pl they hira (sui) ra they two rauka ruka they three ratolu ratu Note that e (3sg) is only used for past tense and is omitted when using the present tense, for example: Hia e ba 'He went, he is gone.' Hia ba 'He is going (now) .'

All other predicate markers may be used for both present and past tense. The two tenses are normally distinguished from one another by additional words in the sentence. For example:

Hoe � ba i vei tahuneni? 'Where are YQ!! &2l!:!& now?' Hoe � ba i vei bongi? 'Where did YQ!!&Q yesterday?'

All of the predicate markers are sometimes dropped altogether, and this IS acceptable. For example: Hira ra kuta tahuneni They're eating now.' Hira kuta tahuneni 'They're eating now.' 107

APPENDIX F

Sana 'with', 'from', 'to' 1

1sg me sagua 2

2sg you (sg.) samuho

3sg him (her. it) sana

1pl us (incl.) sada

us (excl.) samami

us two (incl.) sadauka

us two (excl.) samika

us three (incl.) sadatolu

us three (excl.) samitolu

2pl you (pl.) samiu

you two samuka

you three samutolu

3pl them sara

them (those two) sarauka

them (those three) saratolu

1 Pijin long 2 Mai! Bebela sagua 'Comel Sit down with me (on my lap).' Crowley, S.S. Tolo dictionary. C-91, xiv + 129 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. DOI:10.15144/PL-C91.1 ©1986 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.