Buyers Guide for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Cars SEPTEMBER 2011 www.greenhighway.nu
EUROPEISKA UNIONEN Europeiska regionala utvecklingsfonden Welcome to the revised 2011 Global Guide to Electric and Plug-in-Hybrid Cars!
This Buyers Guide is published by SÖT – a cooperation between the cities Sundsvall (Sweden), Östersund (Sweden) and Trondheim (Norway). The purpose of the SÖT project is to strengthen the three cities and the region through cooperation in infrastructure, sustainable communications, knowledge and competence as well as in culture and tourism. The project runs through 2014.
Correct and independent information about electric and plug‐in hybrid cars on the market is an important part of the infrastructure and sustainable communications section of the SÖT project.
The SÖT cities present the Buyers Guide 2011 for Electric and Plug‐In Hybrid Car in cooperation with the power companies Jämtkraft, Sundsvall Energi, Trondheim Energi and Trønder Energi. This guide gives an overview of most models available for the model year 2011 and models that are expected to be available within the next year. The guide contains prices, range per charge, charging times, battery types, information about safety, links to further information and much more.
The purpose of the guide is to be a reference for cities, private and public organizations and consumers that consider purchasing electric or plug‐in hybrids, or just want to know more about the market.
This is the sixth edition of the guide, and the fifth published in English. It is updated and more complete compared to the previous edition published in October 2010, with more than fifty new or changed models and several hundred new or revised technical data. This version contains around 200 different models including several plug‐in hybrid cars, all divided into different types of vehicles. Suppliers of conversion kits are also included. For specific information about the Swedish and Norwegian market, please see the Swedish edition.
The market for electric cars and plug-in-hybrids is developing very quickly, and every effort has been made to make this guide as complete as possible. Nevertheless we have obviously missed models and technical data. We would highly appreciate all information about errors in the guide, as well as information about missing models.
Contacts: Bjørn Ove Berthelsen, Trondheim Norway: bjorn‐[email protected] Anne Sörensson, Östersund Sweden: [email protected]
The buyers guide is written by Mattias Goldmann, for the SÖT project. The SÖT project wants to thank Mattias for an excellent job with the overview!
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Remarks This guide focuses on models that are on the market late 2011 or are expected to be on the market within a year. In this, we include cars that are leased to customers, but not those that are only used by the car company internally. Pure concept cars, prototypes and cars that have a projected market introduction more than one year ahead are not included either. The guide only includes battery powered and plug‐in hybrid cars. Hybrid cars that cannot be charged from the grid, such as the Toyota Prius, are not included.
The guide in divided into Passenger Vehicles, Light Passenger Vehicles, Cargo Vehicles, Light Cargo Vehicles and Conversion kits. Two‐wheeled vehicles like scooters and motorcycles are excluded.
If no information has been available, it is marked with ”‐”. This doesn’t mean that the car doesn’t have the feature (for example cargo space). Range etc. are converted, but because no standard exists for the range for electric cars, a direct comparison can be difficult. The range also differs significantly with different driving pattern and with the speed. The range will be shorter at highway speed, as well as with city driving with many stops and accelerations. The numbers should therefore be considered as estimations.
Charging times The charging times given are based on a current of 16 ampere, 230 volts, 1-phase, which is commonly available on most European markets. Where the charging time is based on other currents or voltages, this is indicated.
Most vehicles have an on‐board charger that can be connected to a normal household outlet. Fast chargers are usually too large to fit inside the vehicle and are normally not included in the price of the car. Some small cars may have a separate charger.
We have strived for directly comparable and complete information on charging times, for 1-phase and 3-phase charging, from an empty battery to 80 and 100 % of the full capacity. However, far from all manufacturers have been willing or able to supply us with information in this manner. Where charging times ar calculated in different ways, this is clearly indicated.
Unfortunately, we are less than certain that all charging times given from the manufacturers are correct.
Range Where an officially recognized standard for the range is used, this is indicated, with preference to the EEC system. When the manufacturer has in other ways indicated how the range has been calculated, this is also mentioned. Often, however, no indication on how the range has been calculated has been given by the manufacturer. All manufacturers have been contacted with a request for more transparency on how their range figures are calculated, but with limited result.
This implies that a direct comparison between different models is hard in this area. The range also varies significantly with different driving patterns, with the speed and with outside temperature. An electric car has a shorter range in motorway speed than in urban usage, and low temperaturs may decrease the range by up to 40 percent. The range figures should thus be seen as indicative only.
Safety We have strived to give safety information based on the official results from Euro‐NCAP:s crash tests and evaluations, but most manufacturers have not had their vehicles tested in this way. Where other safety tests have been perforwith, this information is specified.