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Post-Cold War China-Uzbekistan Relationship Under Bilateral and Multilateral Framework

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Post-Cold War China-Uzbekistan Relationship Under Bilateral and Multilateral Framework Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Graduate School of Social Sciences Post-Cold War China-Uzbekistan Relationship under Bilateral and Multilateral Framework 2006 – 2018 Author: Dimitrios Psomiadis Student number: 12290866 Thesis type: Master Thesis Programme: The Political Economy of Energy Supervisor: Dr. M.P. Amineh Second Reader: Dr. László Marácz Date: 24-06-16 Place of Submission: Amsterdam 1 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis (This page is intentionally left blank) 2 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Table of Contents Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Map 1: China................................................................................................................................................. 6 Map 2: Uzbekistan ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Map 3: Central Asia ...................................................................................................................................... 8 List of tables and figures ............................................................................................................................... 9 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1 - Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Social and academic relevance. ........................................................................................................ 13 1.3 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.4. Literature review .............................................................................................................................. 15 1.5. Delineation of Research ................................................................................................................... 22 1.6. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................................... 22 1.7. Hypotheses ....................................................................................................................................... 27 1.8. Operationalization ............................................................................................................................ 27 1.9 Data ................................................................................................................................................... 28 1.10 The organization of the Thesis ........................................................................................................ 29 Chapter 2 - State, Development, Energy Situation and Chinese National Oil Companies ......................... 30 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 30 2.2 Relations between state and market in China ................................................................................... 31 2.3 Reform and ‘Opening up’ policies .................................................................................................... 33 2.4 Energy sector’s overhaul and the National Oil Companies .............................................................. 41 2.5 The ‘Going-Out’ Strategy ................................................................................................................. 43 2.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Chapter 3 - The Post-Cold War Central Asia and its Multi-faceted Importance for China ........................ 46 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 46 3.2 The geostrategic importance of Central Asia .................................................................................... 46 3.3 Geoeconomic importance of the Central Asia .................................................................................. 48 3.4 The Geopolitics of the post-Cold War Central Asia ......................................................................... 49 3 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis 3.4 China’s national or ‘core’ interests ................................................................................................... 51 3.5 Central Asia in China’s foreign policy ............................................................................................. 52 3.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 55 Chapter 4 - The Chinese-Uzbek Relations in Bilateral and Multilateral Framework ................................. 56 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 56 4.2 Uzbekistan’s post-Soviet political economy ..................................................................................... 56 4.3 China-Uzbekistan cooperation .......................................................................................................... 63 4.4 Bilateral cooperation of China-Uzbekistan in multilateral framework ............................................. 81 4.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 89 Chapter 5 - The Geopolitical Interaction between Major Powers in Central Asia and in Uzbekistan ........ 91 5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 91 5.2 Geopolitics of Russia’s power projection in Central Asia ................................................................ 91 5.3 United States geoeconomic involvement in Uzbekistan ................................................................... 99 5.4 The European Union’s geoeconomic involvement in Uzbekistan .................................................. 105 5.5 The geopolitical rivalry in Central Asia and the position of China ................................................ 108 Chapter 6 - Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 113 References ................................................................................................................................................. 119 Books and book chapters ...................................................................................................................... 119 Journal Articles ..................................................................................................................................... 122 Internet Sources .................................................................................................................................... 130 4 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my research supervisor Dr. M.P. Amineh for offering me the opportunity to do this research and providing valuable guidance during this project. His dynamism, motivation, discipline and sincerity have deeply inspired and helped me during my entire research. He has taught me one of the most important and relevant topics of our era: the centrality of energy of modern civilization and the ensuing of fierce antagonism in every means of gaining access to natural resources. Furthermore, he has taught me how to carry out research which was one of the most daunting and demanding undertakings during my masters. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under his guidance and I am exceedingly thankful for what he has offered me. I was, am and will always be impressed by his willingness and eagerness to put in the additional effort and time needed for any student to complete their research. Furthermore, I would also like to thank Dr. László Marácz for his time and willingness to read and assess my work. Finally, I would like to express my deepest respect and gratitude to my parents, for their love, patience, prayers, and sacrifices they have made for educating and preparing me for my future. 5 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Map 1: China Source: University of Texas Library, 2011 6 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Map 2: Uzbekistan Source: University of Texas Library, 1994 7 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Map 3: Central Asia Source: University of Texas Library, 2009 8 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis List of tables and figures Tables Table. 2.1: The 19th PSC (elected October 2017); 32 Table 3.1: Oil and Gas Reserves and share of world total in the Caspian Region-Central Asia (2016-2017); 48 Table 3.2:Export-earning and state-budget based on oil and gas in Russia-Iran-Azerbaijan- Turkmentistan-Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
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