Annual Report 2014 Centre for Sustainable Energy Studies Message from the Chair of the Board
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Analysis and Countermeasures of China's Green Electric Power
sustainability Review Analysis and Countermeasures of China’s Green Electric Power Development Keke Wang 1,2, Dongxiao Niu 1,2, Min Yu 1,2, Yi Liang 3,4,* , Xiaolong Yang 1,2, Jing Wu 1 and Xiaomin Xu 1,2 1 School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (D.N.); [email protected] (M.Y.); [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (X.X.) 2 Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy Power and Low-Carbon Development, School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China 3 School of Management, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China 4 Strategy and Management Base of Mineral Resources in Hebei Province, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The green development of electric power is a key measure to alleviate the shortage of energy supply, adjust the energy structure, reduce environmental pollution and improve energy efficiency. Firstly, the situation and challenges of China’s power green development is analyzed. On this basis, the power green development models are categorized into two typical research objects, which are multi-energy synergy mode, represented by integrated energy systems, and multi-energy combination mode with clean energy participation. The key points of the green power development model with the consumption of new energy as the core are reviewed, and then China’s exploration of the power green development system and the latest research results are reviewed. -
Marco Venosta DIR Thesis 202
MASTER’S THESIS: DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SCHOOL OF CULTURE AND GLOBAL THE IMPACT OF THE STUDIES PERSIAN GULF INSTABILITY ON THE Marco Venosta OTHER COUNTRIES’ Supervisor: Xing Li NATIONAL ENERGY STRATEGY: THE CASES OF CHINA AND ITALY Abstract The Middle East is a region whose peacefulness and stability are always in doubt, and recent events such as the assassination of General Qassim Suleimani have once more brought it to the brink of a conflict. The ever-present unpredictability of the geopolitical situation within the most prolific oil extracting region in the world affects all the nations which acquire crude petroleum from it. Indeed, the energy security of countries all over the planet would suffer harshly in case a conflict broke out within the Persian Gulf region, due to their dependence on imports from it. Oil prices would likely skyrocket, and a disruption of the supply would not be a farfetched possibility either. The interests of several states are on the line, and countermeasures are likely to be taken. This thesis, therefore, aimed at pointing out in which way the recurrent instability of the Gulf region is influencing the energy strategy of the nations which historically import high quantities of oil from them. China and Italy, two countries that historically rely strongly on the unstable geographical area for their energy needs, were chosen as case studies. To answer the research question, the concepts of asymmetrical interdependence and geopolitical theory were applied to the data regarding the case studies’ energy strategy. They allowed the situation to be analysed from two different angles, and gave a more complete picture of the change, or lack thereof, in the Chinese and Italian national energy policies. -
The Economics of Wind Power in China and Policy Implications
Energies 2015, 8, 1529-1546; doi:10.3390/en8021529 OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies Article The Economics of Wind Power in China and Policy Implications Zifa Liu 1, Wenhua Zhang 2,†, Changhong Zhao 2,† and Jiahai Yuan 2,* 1 School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (C.Z.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6177-3091. Academic Editor: Erik Gawel Received: 6 December 2014 / Accepted: 4 February 2015 / Published: 17 February 2015 Abstract: In 2009, the implementation of feed-in tariff (FIT) and attractive public subsidies for onshore wind farms aroused great investment enthusiasm and spurred remarkable development of wind power in China. Meanwhile, rapid learning-by-doing has significantly cut down the cost of wind turbines and the capital cost of wind farms as well. Therefore, it is the right time to examine the appropriateness of the existing FIT policy for wind power in China. In this paper, we employ the analytical framework for levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to model the generation cost of wind power. Results show that the existing FIT policy is attractive to investors, but serious curtailment and turbine quality issues could make wind power unprofitable. Meanwhile, rapid substantial decreases in the cost of wind power have made it competitive to coal power in 2013, implying that it is possible and necessary to reform the FIT policy for new wind farms. -
Chinese National Oil Companies in Kazakhstan Implications for Geopolitics and Energy Security
University of Amsterdam Graduate School of Social Sciences Chinese national oil companies in Kazakhstan Implications for geopolitics and energy security MSc Thesis Political Science: International Relations Research Project: The Political Economy of Energy 24 June 2016 Author: Supervisor: S. (Simon) Spornberger Dr. M. P. (Mehdi) Amineh 11128569 Prof. Dr. K. (Kurt) Radtke 2 Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................... 6 Maps .......................................................................................................................................... 7 List of tables and figures .......................................................................................................... 9 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 10 Chapter I – Introduction ....................................................................................................... 12 1.1. Overview of the research ............................................................................................... 12 1.2. Literature review ............................................................................................................ 14 1.3. Theoretical and conceptual framework ........................................................................ -
The Chinese Automotive Fuel Economy Policy 1.0 Background
The Chinese Automotive Fuel Economy Policy [February 2015 Update] 1.0 Background China has been experiencing unprecedented annual sales growth rates since the beginning of the century. In 2014, vehicle sales in China suppressed 23 million units, marking the country's 6th straight year as the world's largest auto market. Although year-on-year growth has slowed since the economic crisis, annual sales in the past two years surpassed analysts’ predictions. China’s 2nd and 3rd tier markets are rapidly expanding leading to continuous high annual sales growth predictions, maintaining China’s predominant role as world’s largest car market in years to come. Even conservative estimates point to 2020 sales rate of 50 million units per year, which is comparable to total global vehicle sales in 2009, and to a total vehicle market of 550 million by 2050 (CAERC, 2013). Not surprisingly, China has become the largest emitter of greenhouse gases and largest vehicle market in terms of annual growth, overtaking the U.S. China's transportation CO2 emissions have doubled from 2000 to 2010 and are projected to increase by a further 50% by 2020. Vehicle emissions are claimed to be responsible for about 31% of city PM2.5 in Beijing, and account for over 40% of city-center air pollution. China has taken action to reduce its road transport greenhouse gas footprint by setting fuel economy regulations, putting in place a tax structure that seeks to give consumers an incentive to purchase more fuel efficient vehicles and limits the use of high-consuming vehicles (since 2006). -
Post-Cold War China-Uzbekistan Relationship Under Bilateral and Multilateral Framework
Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Graduate School of Social Sciences Post-Cold War China-Uzbekistan Relationship under Bilateral and Multilateral Framework 2006 – 2018 Author: Dimitrios Psomiadis Student number: 12290866 Thesis type: Master Thesis Programme: The Political Economy of Energy Supervisor: Dr. M.P. Amineh Second Reader: Dr. László Marácz Date: 24-06-16 Place of Submission: Amsterdam 1 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis (This page is intentionally left blank) 2 Master Thesis Dimitrios Psomiadis Table of Contents Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Map 1: China................................................................................................................................................. 6 Map 2: Uzbekistan ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Map 3: Central Asia ...................................................................................................................................... 8 List of tables and figures ............................................................................................................................... 9 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1 - Introduction ............................................................................................................................. -
Decarbonizing China's Power System with Wind Power
January 2015 Decarbonizing China’s power system with wind power: the past and the future OIES PAPER: EL 11 Xin Li The contents of this paper are the author’s sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its members. Copyright © 2015 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN 978-1-78467-019-1 i Abstract Wind power in China has experienced significant growth since the beginning of this century. Total installed capacity has increased almost 300 fold – from 346 MW in 2000 to 91,413 MW in 2013. This rapid development has had two major drivers: • First, the excellent wind power resource in China, especially in the north of the country, and the increasing competitiveness of wind generation worldwide. • Second, favourable government policies such as: mandatory targets for major power generators in relation to renewable energy; the decentralization of plant approval rights; and feed-in tariffs for wind generation. Along with the development of domestic wind turbine manufacturing capacity, these factors have stimulated the growth of wind power over the past 10 years or so. However, this rapid development has itself created new challenges. In particular, wind power has not been fully integrated into the electricity system as a whole, as the growth of wind generation capacity has not been matched by a corresponding growth in transmission capacity. -
Energy Policy and the Balance Between Public and Private Sectors in China and France, 1973-2011
Energy Policy and the Balance between Public and Private Sectors In China and France, 1973-2011 By Shirley Zhao A Senior Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science University of California, San Diego April 1, 2013 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………5 1.1 Working thesis and conceptual question 1.2 Methodology 1.3 Reservations 1.4 Outline Chapter 2: Energy Industry and Previous Studies………………………………..14 Chapter 3: Development of Energy Policy……………………..………………...25 3.1 China’s Energy Use and Its Development 3.2 France’s Energy Use and Its Development 3.3 Conclusion Chapter 4: Structure of Energy Industry…………………………………………38 4.1 What Contributes Sector Liberalization 4.2 China’s Oil Industry 4.3 China’s Coal Industry 4.4 China’s Electricity Industry 4.5 France’s Oil Industry 4.6 France’s Electricity and Natural Gas Industry 4.7 Conclusion Chapter 5: Balance between Consumer and Energy Interests……………………58 5.1 China’s coal and electricity industry 5.2 China’s oil and natural gas industry 5.3 France’s electricity industry 5.4 France’s natural gas industry Chapter 6: Conclusion……………………………………………………………67 Reference 2 List of Figures Fig 3.1 Primary energy production by source, 1949-1990………………………………28 Fig 3.2 Total Primary Energy Production………………………………………………..29 Fig 3.3 China’s energy consumption by source………………………………………….29 Fig 3.4 China’s oil production and consumption, 1990-2013…………………………...30 Table 3.1 Crude oil imports as a percentage……………………………………………..33 Table 3.2 Energy consumed by French industrial -
Nuclear Power in China
Nuclear Power in China Mr TANG Chi Cheung Senior Director – Nuclear CLP Holdings Limited 15 June 2018 Information Classification: Proprietary Information Classification: Proprietary Nuclear Power in China | Agenda . Background . Energy Policy of China . The Nuclear Roadmap . From Import to Export . Nuclear Fuel Cycle . Public Acceptance – Post Fukushima . Future Outlook . Nuclear Import of Hong Kong . Q&A Information Classification: Proprietary Page 2 Background l Background billion kWh 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 1979 kWh billion 6,310 to ↑6.6% Consumption Electricity GW 1,770 to ↑7.6% Generating Capacity Installed 2017, In 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Ever Growing Electricity Demand in China Demand Electricity Growing Ever 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Electricity ConsumptionElectricity 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Information Classification: Proprietary InformationClassification: 2005 Source: BP 2016/National Energy Administration Energy 2016/National Source: BP 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Page Page 2016 2017 3 Background l Greenhouse Gas Emissions China, the world’s no. 2 economy, is also the US EIA 2030 Projection largest CO2 emitter in the world despite of a China 11,700 million tonnes levelling-off in recent years US 7,700 million tonnes M tonnes of CO2 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 China 4000 US 3000 2000 1000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015 Source: BP 2016 Information Classification: Proprietary Page 4 Background l Pressing Problem of Air Pollution -
Detailed Appraisal of the Offshore Wind Industry in China
1 Detailed appraisal of the offshore wind industry in China Working with: The Carbon Trust wrote this report based on an impartial analysis of primary and secondary sources. The Carbon Trust’s mission is to accelerate the move to a sustainable, low carbon economy. It is a world leading expert on carbon reduction and clean technology. As a not-for-dividend group, it advises governments and leading companies around the world, reinvesting profits into its low carbon mission. The British Embassy in Beijing funded this report. The Embassy is the main British diplomatic mission in China and is responsible for all aspects of the UK’s bilateral relationship with China. Under Ambassador Sebastian Wood's leadership, the Embassy promotes UK interests through a strong, effective relationship with China, covering a diverse range of issues, from bolstering global security to increasing mutual economic prosperity, from establishing stronger people-to-people ties to supporting British nationals in China. Chinese Wind Energy Association (CWEA) was founded in 1981 as a non-profit social entity, registered with the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. CWEA aims to promote the advancement of China’s wind energy technologies, drive the development of China’s wind energy industry and enhance the public awareness of new energy. It helps promote international academic and technical cooperation; provide a bridge between the government and institutions; establish good relationships with domestic and overseas wind societies and cooperate with them; communicate with scientists and engineers closely. CECEP Wind-Power Corporation develops and operates wind energy projects. The company was formerly known as China Energy Conservation Windpower Investment Company Limited. -
The Role of Feed-In Tariff in the Curtailment of Wind Power in China
Energy Economics 86 (2020) 104661 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eneeco The role of feed-in tariff in the curtailment of wind power in China Fang Xia a,XiLub, Feng Song c,⁎ a Research Institute for Global Value Chains, University of International Business and Economics, China b School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, China c Department of Energy Economics, School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China article info abstract Article history: While China's wind power initiative has experienced rapid growth, serious curtailment issues persist. Though Received 16 October 2018 some studies have investigated this matter, we explain this phenomenon from the novel perspective of excess Received in revised form 19 August 2019 capacity. We first set up a theoretical model to explore the mechanism behind excess investment and find that Accepted 1 December 2019 the ‘sticky’ feed-in tariff (FIT) and declining costs of wind power generate high mark-up for wind power inves- Available online 7 January 2020 tors, leading to a higher probability of excessive investment. The theoretical prediction is empirically tested with a probit and tobit model using provincial-level data between 2009 and 2016. The estimation results show Keywords: – Wind curtailment that a 0.1 yuan increase in the mark-up leads to a 2% 3% increase in the rate of curtailed wind power. Based Excess capacity on the estimation results, we simulate several scenarios to assess quantitatively how an improved policy design Feed-in tariff could have alleviated the curtailment issue. -
Kickoff of Offshore Wind Power in China: Playoffs for China Wind Power Development
Kickoff of offshore wind power in China: playoffs for China wind power development Article (Published Version) Xiliang, Zhang, Da, Zhang and Stua, Michele (2012) Kickoff of offshore wind power in China: playoffs for China wind power development. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 12 (A). pp. 166- 173. ISSN 1878-0296 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47233/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Available online