C

Caballero, Ricardo J. (1959-) Cabot, James Elliot (1821-1903) Cabot, Richard Clarke (1868-1939) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1866, Fellow Election: 1931, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Institute of Technology Residence at election: Brookline, MA School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Philosopher; Literary Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Economist; Educator editor Career description: Physician; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Social worker Cabot, John Moors (1901-1981) Cabibbo, Nicola (1935-2010) Election: 1963, Fellow Cabot, Samuel (1815-1885) Election: 1981, FHM Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Election: 1844, Fellow Affiliation at election: Universita degli State Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Studi di Roma Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Rome, Italy Career description: Government official; Career description: Physician; Surgeon; Career description: Physicist; Educator; Diplomat Ornithologist Government science agency administrator Cabot, Louis (1837-1914) Cabot, Samuel (1850-1906) Cabot, Arthur Tracy (1852-1912) Election: 1891, Fellow Election: 1893, Fellow Election: 1889, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Brookline, MA Residence at election: Brookline, MA School Career description: Architect; Army Career description: Chemist; Inventor; Residence at election: Boston, MA officer Businessperson Career description: Surgeon; Educator Cabot, Louis Wellington (1921-) Cabot, Thomas Dudley (1897-1995) Cabot, Edward Clarke (1818-1901) Election: 1958, Fellow Election: 1947, Fellow Election: 1848, Fellow Affiliation at election: Godfrey L. Cabot, Affiliation at election: Cabot Corporation Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Inc. Residence at election: Weston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Company executive Career description: Architect Career description: Company executive (manufacturing); Research institution Cabot, William Brooks (1858-1949) Cabot, Frederick Pickering (1868-1932) administrator Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 1928, Associate Fellow Current affiliation: Cabot-Wellington, Affiliation at election: Holbrook, Cabot & Affiliation at election: Judge Baker LLC Rollins Corporation, Engineers and Foundation Contractors, Boston and New York Residence at election: Boston, MA Cabot, Paul Codman (1898-1994) Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Election: 1963, Fellow Career description: Civil engineer; Company executive Affiliation at election: State Street Company executive; Naturalist; Explorer Investment Corporation; Harvard Cabot, George (1752-1823) University Cabranes, Jose Alberto (1940-) Election: 1788, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: Beverly, MA Career description: Company executive; Affiliation at election: U.S. Court of Residence at election: Beverly, MA Academic administrator Appeals Career description: Merchant; U.S. Residence at election: New Haven, CT Senator Cabot, Philip (1872-1941) Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Election: 1936, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Cabot, Godfrey Lowell (1861-1962) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1941, Fellow Residence at election: Milton, MA Cabraser, Elizabeth J. (1952-) Affiliation at election: Godfrey L. Cabot, Career description: Company executive; Election: 2011, Fellow Inc. Educator Affiliation at election: Lieff Cabraser Residence at election: Boston, MA Heimann & Bernstein LLP Career description: Company executive Residence at election: Santa Rosa, CA (manufacturing and energy) Career description: Lawyer Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 88

Cacciatore, Niccolo (1780-1841) Cahill, Jr., George Francis (1927-2012) Cairncross, Alexander Kirkland (1911- Election: 1837, FHM Election: 1980, Fellow 1998) Affiliation at election: Palermo Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1974, FHM Observatory School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Palermo, Italy Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Astronomer; Career description: Physician; Career description: Economist; Educator; Meteorologist; Research institution staff Physiologist; Educator Government official; Academic member and administrator administrator Cahill, James Francis (1926-2014) Cacioppo, John Terrance (1951-2018) Election: 1976, Fellow Cairns, Bradley R. (1965-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: University of Utah Chicago Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Molecular geneticist; Career description: Psychologist; Educator Educator; Museum curator Cellular biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Cadbury, Henry Joel (1883-1974) Cahill, Lisa Sowle (1948-) Election: 1942, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Cairns, Hugh John Forster (1922-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Boston College Election: 1967, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Chestnut Hill, MA Affiliation at election: Cold Spring Harbor Career description: Theologian; Educator Career description: Theologian; Educator Laboratory Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cold Spring Harbor, Cady, Walter Guyton (1874-1974) NY Election: 1926, Fellow Cahn, John Werner (1928-) Career description: Microbiologist; Affiliation at election: Wesleyan Election: 1975, Fellow Educator; Research institution University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts administrator Residence at election: Middletown, CT Institute of Technology Current affiliation: Radcliffe Infirmary, Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA England Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; Caffarelli, Luis Angel (1948-) Industrial and government agency Cairns, Huntington (1904-1985) Election: 1986, Fellow researcher Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: National Institute of Affiliation at election: National Gallery of Chicago Standards and Technology Art Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Mathematician; Cahn, Walter (1933-) Career description: Lawyer; Art critic; Educator Election: 2014, Fellow Political scientist; Educator; Museum Current affiliation: University of Texas at Affiliation at election: Yale University administrator Austin Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Historian (art, Cairns, Jr., John (1923-2017) Caflisch, Russel E. (1954-) architecture); Medievalist; Educator Election: 1988, Fellow Election: 2012, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Virginia Affiliation at election: University of Polytechnic Institute and State University California, Los Angeles Cahners, Norman Lee (1914-1986) Residence at election: Blacksburg, VA Residence at election: Hermosa Beach, CA Election: 1974, Fellow Career description: Environmental Career description: Mathematician; Affiliation at election: Cahners Publishing biologist; Educator; Research institution Editor; Educator; Academic research Company staff member and administrator institution administrator Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Publisher; Company Cajori, Florian (1859-1930) executive Election: 1921, Fellow Cage, John (1912-1992) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1978, Fellow Cain, Bruce Edward (1948-) California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Historian; Career description: Musician (composer, California, Berkeley Mathematician; Educator; Academic music director); Educator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA administrator Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Stanford University

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 89

Calabresi, Guido (1932-) Caldwell, Robert Granville (1882-1976) Callahan, Harry Morey (1912-1999) Election: 1972, Fellow Election: 1940, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: New Haven, CT Institute of Technology Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Residence at election: Belmont, MA Career description: Artist (photographer); Jurist Career description: Historian; Educator; Educator Current affiliation: U.S. Court of Appeals Academic administrator; Diplomat Callan, Curtis G. (1942-) Calame, Kathryn Lee (1940-) Caldwell, Samuel Hawks (1904-1960) Election: 1987, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1960, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Massachusetts University University Institute of Technology Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Immunologist; Career description: Electrical engineer; Current affiliation: Same Molecular biologist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Callan, Harold Garnet (1917-1993) Caldwell, Sarah (1924-2006) Election: 1974, FHM Calasso, Roberto (1941-) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of St. Election: 2000, FHM Affiliation at election: Boston Opera Andrews Affiliation at election: Adelphi Edizioni Company Residence at election: St. Andrews, S.P.A Residence at election: Boston, MA Scotland Residence at election: Milan, Italy Career description: Musician (conductor, Career description: Zoologist; Educator Career description: Writer (essayist, opera producer and administrator); fiction writer); Publisher Educator Callaway, Edward Matthew (1962-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2012, Fellow Calhoun, Robert Lowry (1896-1983) Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Election: 1958, Fellow Biological Studies Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Encinitas, CA Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Neurobiologist; Career description: Theologian; Historian; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same

Caligny, Anatole François Hüe, Marquis Calvin, Melvin (1911-1997) de (1811-1892) Election: 1958, Fellow Election: 1889, FHM Affiliation at election: University of

Alexander Calder, elected 1959. Image donated by Corbis- Affiliation at election: Versailles, France California, Berkeley Bettmann Residence at election: Versailles, France Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Calder, Alexander (1898-1976) Career description: Hydraulic engineer; Career description: Chemist; Educator; Election: 1959, Fellow Inventor Research institution administrator Affiliation at election: Roxbury, CT Residence at election: Roxbury, CT Calisher, Hortense (1911-2009) Calvo, Guillermo A. (1941-) Career description: Artist (painter) Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Calderon, Alberto Pedro (1920-1998) Residence at election: New York, NY Maryland Election: 1958, Fellow Career description: Writer (novelist) Residence at election: College Park, MD Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Economist; Educator Institute of Technology Calkins, Robert DeBlois (1903-1992) Current affiliation: Columbia University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1964, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Affiliation at election: Brookings Cam, Helen Maud (1885-1968) Educator Institution Election: 1950, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: Harvard University Calderon de la Barca, Angel (1790-1861) Career description: Economist; Educator; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1843, Associate Fellow Academic administrator; Foundation Career description: Historian; Educator Affiliation at election: Government of executive Spain Residence at election: Madrid, Spain Career description: Diplomat; Government official

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 90

Camerer, Colin F. (1959-) Campbell, Allan McCulloch (1929-) Campbell, George Ashley (1870-1954) Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1903, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: American of Technology Residence at election: Stanford, CA Telephone and Telegraph Company Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Microbiologist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Economist; Educator Geneticist; Educator Career description: Engineer Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Campbell, John Y. (1958-) Cameron, Alan D. (1938-2017) Campbell, Andrea Louise (1966-) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Institute of Technology Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Language and literary Career description: Public policy scholar; scholar; Educator Educator Campbell, Kevin Peter (1952-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2006, Fellow Cameron, Alastair Graham Walter Affiliation at election: University of Iowa (1925-2005) Campbell, Charles Macfie (1876-1943) Residence at election: Iowa City, IA Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1921, Fellow Career description: Physiologist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Biophysicist; Neurologist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA School; Boston Psychopathic Hospital Current affiliation: University of Iowa Career description: Astrophysicist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Carver College of Medicine Educator; Researcher Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator; Hospital administrator Campbell, Leslie Lyle (1863-1964) Cameron, Charles M. (1954-) Election: 1921, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Campbell, Clarence Gordon (1868-1956) Affiliation at election: Simmons College Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1934, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Ethnologist; Physician; Campbell, Mary Schmidt (1947-) Educator Writer (nonfiction writer) Election: 2001, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: New York Campbell, Colin Goetze (1935-) University Cameron, Edwin (1953-) Election: 1994, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2016, FHM Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Brothers Career description: Art history and arts Affiliation at election: Constitutional Fund policy specialist; Academic and museum Court of South Africa Residence at election: New York, NY administrator Residence at election: Braamfontein, South Career description: Lawyer; Academic Current affiliation: Spelman College Africa administrator; Foundation executive Career description: Jurist; Government Current affiliation: Colonial Williamsburg Campbell, Jr., Oscar James (1879-1970) official Foundation Election: 1949, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Columbia Campbell, Donald Thomas (1916-1996) University Cameron, Sharon (1947-) Election: 1973, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: Northwestern Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University scholar; Educator University Residence at election: Evanston, IL Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Psychologist; Educator Campbell, Robert (1937-) Career description: Language and literary Election: 1993, Fellow scholar; Educator Campbell, Douglas Houghton (1859- Affiliation at election: Boston Globe Current affiliation: Same 1953) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1898, Associate Fellow Career description: Architect; Writer Campbell, Albert Angus (1910-1980) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Current affiliation: Cambridge, MA Election: 1961, Fellow Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Botanist; Educator Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Psychologist; Sociologist; Educator; Research institution administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 91

Campbell, Thomas P. (1962-) Cane, David E. (1944-) Cantley, Lewis Clayton (1949-) Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Metropolitan Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Museum of Art Residence at election: Providence, RI School Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Chemist; Biochemist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Museum administrator Educator Career description: Cell biologist; Educator (art); Art curator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: New York, NY Cane, Mark Alan (1944-) Cantoni, Giulio Leonardo (1915-2005) Campbell, William Wallace (1862-1938) Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1982, Fellow Election: 1911, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: National Institute of Affiliation at election: Lick Observatory University Mental Health Residence at election: Mt. Hamilton, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Astronomer; Career description: Oceanographer; Career description: Biochemist; Observatory administrator; Academic Climatologist; Educator; Research Government science administrator administrator institution staff member Current affiliation: Same Cantor, Charles Robert (1942-) Election: 1988, Fellow Canes-Wrone, Brandice (1971-) Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 2016, Fellow University Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: New York, NY University Career description: Molecular biologist; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Biotechnologist; Educator Career description: Public policy scholar; Current affiliation: Sequenom, Inc. Educator Current affiliation: Same Cantor, Harvey (1942-) Election: 2010, Fellow Canham, Erwin Dain (1904-1982) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1948, Fellow School; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Affiliation at election: Christian Science Residence at election: Boston, MA Monitor Career description: Immunologist; Albert Camus, elected 1959, FHM. Image donated Residence at election: Boston, MA Educator by Corbis-Bettmann Career description: Writer (journalist); Current affiliation: Same Camus, Albert (1913-1960) Company executive (newspaper); Election: 1959, FHM Government official Cantor, Nancy E. (1952-) Affiliation at election: Paris, France Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: Paris, France Canizares, Claude Roger (1945-) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Writer (novelist, Election: 2004, Fellow Michigan playwright, essayist); Press consultant Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Institute of Technology Career description: Psychologist; Candès, Emmanuel J. (1970-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator; Academic administrator Election: 2014, Fellow Career description: Astrophysicist; Current affiliation: Syracuse University Affiliation at election: Stanford University Educator; Academic administrator Residence at election: Stanford, CA Current affiliation: Same Canup, Robin M. (1968-) Career description: Mathematician; Election: 2017, Fellow Statistician; Educator Cannon, Jr., Robert Hamilton (1923-) Affiliation at election: Southwest Research Current affiliation: Same Election: 1990, Fellow Institute Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Boulder, CO Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre de Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Planetary scientist; (1806-1893) Career description: Aerospace engineer; Research institution scientist Election: 1847, FHM Educator; Industrial and government Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of scientist Geneva Current affiliation: Same Capasso, Federico (1949-) Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Election: 1998, Fellow Career description: Botanist; Educator; Cannon, Walter Bradford (1871-1945) Affiliation at election: Bell Laboratories, Research institution administrator Election: 1906, Fellow Lucent Technologies Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ School Career description: Physicist; Industrial Residence at election: Cambridge, MA research administrator Career description: Physiologist; Educator Current affiliation: Harvard University

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 92

Cape, Ronald Elliot (1932-2015) Cardoso, Fernando Henrique (1931-) Carey, John M. (1964-) Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1984, FHM Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Darwin Molecular Affiliation at election: Government of Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Corporation Brazil Residence at election: Hanover, NH Residence at election: Emeryville, CA Residence at election: Sao Paulo, Brazil Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Biochemist; Company Career description: Sociologist; President Editor; Educator executive (biotechnology) of Brazil Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Brown University Capecchi, Mario R. (1937-) Carey, Peter (1943-) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Utah Affiliation at election: Hunter College Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Geneticist; Career description: Writer (fiction writer); Developmental biologist; Educator; Educator Academic and research institution Current affiliation: Same administrator Current affiliation: Same Carey, Susan E. (1942-) Election: 2001, Fellow Capponi, Gino Alessandro Giuseppe Affiliation at election: New York Gaspardo Marchese (1792-1876) University Election: 1842, FHM Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Florence, Italy Career description: Psychologist; Educator Residence at election: Florence, Italy Current affiliation: Harvard University Career description: Historian; Benjamin Nathan Cardozo, elected 1933. Image Government official donated by Corbis-Bettmann Carleson, Lennart Axel Edvard (1928-) Cardozo, Benjamin Nathan (1870-1938) Election: 1967, FHM Capps, Edward (1866-1950) Election: 1933, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Uppsala Affiliation at election: Princeton the United States Residence at election: Uppsala, Sweden University Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Educator Career description: Classicist; Educator Supreme Court) Current affiliation: Stockholm, Sweden

Carbon, John Anthony (1931-) Carethers, John Michael (1963-) Carlson, Chester Floyd (1906-1968) Election: 1986, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Xerox Corporation California, Santa Barbara Michigan Medical School Residence at election: Rochester, NY Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Inventor; Lawyer Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Career description: Gastroenterologist; Company research staff member Internist; Educator Carlson, John R. (1955-) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Card, David E. (1956-) Carew, Thomas James (1944-) Residence at election: North Haven, CT Election: 1998, Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Career description: Neurobiologist; Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Molecular biologist; Educator California, Berkeley California, Irvine Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Irvine, CA Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Neuroscientist; Carlson, Loren Daniel (1915-1972) Current affiliation: Same Educator Election: 1969, Fellow Current affiliation: New York University Affiliation at election: University of Cardona, George (1936-) California, Davis Election: 1984, Fellow Carey, Henry Charles (1793-1879) Residence at election: Davis, CA Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1863, Associate Fellow Career description: Physiologist; Pennsylvania Affiliation at election: Philadelphia, PA Biophysicist; Educator; Academic Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA administrator Career description: Linguist; Educator Career description: Economist; Publisher Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 93

Carlson, Marian B. (1952-) Carneiro, Robert L. (1927-) Carpenter, John Alden (1876-1951) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1933, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: American Museum Affiliation at election: George B. University of Natural History Carpenter and Company Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Geneticist; Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Musician (composer); Microbiologist; Educator Museum curator Company executive Current affiliation: Columbia University Current affiliation: Same College of Physicians and Surgeons Carpenter, Russell LeGrand (1901-1991) Carnesale, Albert (1936-) Election: 1963, Fellow Carlson, Richard Walter (1954-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tufts University Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Medford, MA Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Zoologist; of Washington Career description: Nuclear weapons and Radiobiologist; Educator; Government Residence at election: Washington, DC public policy scholar; Academic research scientist Career description: Geophysicist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Carnegie Institution Current affiliation: University of Carpenter, Stephen Russell (1952-) for Science California, Los Angeles Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Carlstrom, John E. (1957-) Carney, Judith A. (1946-) Wisconsin, Madison Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Ecologist; Limnologist; Chicago California, Los Angeles Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astronomer; Educator Career description: Agricultural scientist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Carpenter, Thorne Martin (1878-1971) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1922, Fellow Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881) Affiliation at election: Boston Nutrition Election: 1878, FHM Caro, Anthony Alfred (1924-2013) Laboratory Affiliation at election: Chelsea, England Election: 1988, FHM Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Chelsea, England Affiliation at election: London, England Career description: Physiologist; Career description: Historian; Writer Residence at election: London, England Government research scientist (essayist) Career description: Artist (sculptor) Carr, Edward Hallett (1892-1982) Carmichael, Leonard (1898-1973) Caro, Robert A. (1935-) Election: 1970, FHM Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Cambridge Residence at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Psychologist; Career description: Writer (biographer) Career description: Political scientist; Educator; Research institution Current affiliation: Same Historian; Educator; Government official; administrator Diplomat Caron, Marc G. (1946-) Carmines, Edward G. (1946-) Election: 2015, Fellow Carr, Lucien (1829-1915) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Election: 1881, Fellow Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Durham, NC Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Cellular biologist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Neuroscientist; Educator Career description: Anthropologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Archaeologist; Museum curator Current affiliation: Same Carpenter, Frank Morton (1902-1994) Carr, Raymond (Albert Raymond Carnap, Rudolf (1891-1970) Election: 1933, Fellow Maillard) (1919-) Election: 1948, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2004, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Chicago Career description: Zoologist; Educator; Residence at election: Oxford, England Residence at election: Chicago, IL Museum curator Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Philosopher; Educator Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 94

Carr, Robert Kenneth (1908-1979) Carrington, Paul DeWitt (1931-) Carson, Anne (1950-) Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1999, FHM Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Affiliation at election: Duke University Affiliation at election: McGill University Residence at election: Hanover, NH School of Law Residence at election: Montreal, Canada Career description: Legal scholar; Political Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Writer (poet); scientist; Educator; Academic Career description: Lawyer; Educator Classicist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Carrasco, David (1947-) Carrington (Right Honorable Lord), Carson, Dennis Anthony (1946-) Election: 2003, Fellow Peter Alexander Rupert (1919-) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Divinity Election: 1990, FHM Affiliation at election: University of School Affiliation at election: Christie’s California, San Diego Residence at election: Cambridge, MA International plc Residence at election: San Diego, CA Career description: Historian (religion); Residence at election: London, England Career description: Medical scientist; Educator Career description: Government official; Educator; Academic research agency Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator member and administrator Current affiliation: London, England Current affiliation: University of Carre, Jean-Marie (1887-1958) California, San Diego School of Medicine Election: 1948, FHM Carroll, Dana (1943-) Affiliation at election: Sorbonne Election: 2017, Fellow Carson, Hampton Lawrence (1914-2004) Residence at election: Paris, France Affiliation at election: University of Utah Election: 1978, Fellow Career description: Language and literary School of Medicine Affiliation at election: University of scholar; Educator Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Hawaii Career description: Biochemist; Cellular Residence at election: Honolulu, HI Carreira, Erick M. (1963-) biologist; Educator Career description: Geneticist; Educator Election: 2017, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Eidgenössische Cartan, Henri Paul (1904-2008) Technische Hochschule Zürich Carroll, James (1943-) Election: 1950, FHM Residence at election: Zürich, Switzerland Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: Université de Paris Career description: Organic chemist; Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Paris, France Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Writer (fiction and Educator nonfiction writer) Carrel, Alexis (1873-1944) Current affiliation: Same Carter, Ashton Baldwin (1954-) Election: 1914, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Carroll, John Sawyer (1942-2015) Affiliation at election: Harvard University for Medical Research Election: 2003, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Los Angeles Times Career description: Defense and arms Career description: Surgeon; Biologist; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA control scholar; Educator; Government Research institution administrator Career description: Journalist; Editor; official; U.S. Secretary of Defense Educator; Company executive Current affiliation: Harvard Kennedy Carrier, George Francis (1918-2002) (newspaper) School Election: 1953, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Carroll, Michael M. (1936-2016) Carter, Jr., Elliott Cook (1908-2012) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Career description: Engineer; Applied Affiliation at election: Rice University Affiliation at election: New York, NY mathematician; Educator Residence at election: Houston, TX Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Mechanical engineer; Career description: Musician (composer); Carrington, Alan (1934-2013) Educator; Academic administrator Educator Election: 1987, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Carroll, Sean B. (1960-) Carter, Emily Ann (1960-) Residence at election: Oxford, England Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Princeton Wisconsin-Madison University Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Bellemead, NJ Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Career description: Chemist; Educator; Academic and research Mathematician; Educator institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 95

Carter, Franklin (1837-1919) Cartwright, Dorwin Philip (1915-2008) Cary, William Lucius (1910-1983) Election: 1889, Fellow Election: 1977, Fellow Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Williams College Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Michigan University Career description: Academic Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: New York, NY administrator; Educator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Educator

Carter, Gwendolen Margaret (1906- Cartwright, Nancy Delaney (1944-) Casadevall, Arturo (1957-) 1991) Election: 2001, FHM Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: London School of Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Affiliation at election: Northwestern Economics and Political Science Bloomberg School of Public Health University Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Carty, John Joseph (1861-1932) Carter, Herbert Edmund (1910-2007) Election: 1915, Fellow Casagrande, Arthur (1902-1981) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: American Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Telephone and Telegraph Company Affiliation at election: Harvard University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Electrical engineer; Career description: Civil engineer; Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Inventor; Company executive Educator Academic administrator Caruthers, Marvin Harry (1940-) Carter, James Coolidge (1827-1905) Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1896, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: New York, NY Colorado Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Boulder, CO Career description: Lawyer Career description: Biochemist; Molecular biologist; Educator Carter, Jr., James Earl (Jimmy) (1924-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: The Carter Center Carver, Thomas Nixon (1865-1961) Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Election: 1906, Fellow Career description: Naval officer; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Governor of Georgia; U.S. President; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Author; Educator; Humanitarian Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pablo (Pau Carlos Salvador Defillo de) Cary, Frank Taylor (1920-2006) Casals, elected 1960, FHM. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Carter, Marshall N. (1940-) Election: 1989, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: IBM Corporation Casals, Pablo (Pau Carlos Salvador Affiliation at election: New York Stock Residence at election: Purchase, NY Defillo de) (1876-1973) Exchange Career description: Company executive Election: 1960, FHM Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico; Puerto Rico Career description: Company executive Cary, Samuel (1785-1815) Symphony Orchestra Current affiliation: NYSE Euronext Election: 1815, Fellow Residence at election: Prades, Pyrenees Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Orientales, France Carter, Stephen Lisle (1954-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Musician (cellist, Election: 1995, Fellow Career description: Clergy member conductor, composer); Educator; Affiliation at election: Yale University Law Academic administrator School Cary, Thomas Greaves (1792-1859) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 1856, Fellow Case, Anne C. (1958-) Career description: Lawyer; Educator Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 2017, Fellow Current affiliation: Yale Law School Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Princeton Career description: Businessperson; University Cartier-Bresson, Henri (1908-2004) Lawyer Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Election: 1974, FHM Career description: Economist; Educator Affiliation at election: Paris, France Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Artist (photographer)

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 96

Case, Harold Claude (1902-1972) Cashman, Katharine Venable (1954-) Casper, Gerhard (1937-) Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Oregon; University of Bristol, UK Chicago Career description: Clergy member; Residence at election: Bristol, England Residence at election: Chicago, IL Academic administrator Career description: Geologist; Career description: Legal scholar; Volcanologist; Educator Educator; Academic administrator Case, Jean N. (1959-) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Stanford Law School Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: The Case Casimir, Hendrik Brugt Gerhard (1909- Caspersson, Torbjorn Oskar (1910-1997) Foundation 2000) Election: 1971, FHM Residence at election: Washington, DC Election: 1957, FHM Affiliation at election: Karolinska Career description: Foundation founder Affiliation at election: Philips Research Institute; Nobel Institute and Wallenberg and executive; Philanthropist; Company Laboratories Laboratory executive; Businessperson Residence at election: Eindhoven, Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Current affiliation: Same Netherlands Career description: Physician; Cytologist; Career description: Physicist; Educator; Educator; Research institution Case, Ted J. (1947-2015) Company research institution administrator Election: 2004, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: University of Cass, David (1937-2008) California, San Diego Caskey, John Langdon (1908-1981) Election: 2003, Fellow Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Ecologist; Affiliation at election: University of Pennsylvania Evolutionary biologist; Educator Cincinnati Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Cincinnati, OH Career description: Economist; Educator Casella, Alfredo (1883-1947) Career description: Classicist; Election: 1930, FHM Archaeologist; Educator; Academic Cassel, Gustav (Karl Gustav) (1866- Affiliation at election: Ars Nova; administrator 1945) Accademia Chigiana Election: 1934, FHM Residence at election: Rome, Italy Caso y Andrade, Alfonso (1896-1970) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Musician (composer, Election: 1952, FHM Stockholm; Government of Sweden conductor, pianist); Educator; Journalist Affiliation at election: National Indian Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Institute Career description: Economist; Educator; Casey, Charles Philip (1942-) Residence at election: Mexico, D.F., Journalist; Government official Election: 1993, Fellow Mexico Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Archaeologist; Social Cassidy, Frederic Gomes (1907-2000) Wisconsin, Madison anthropologist; Museum, research Election: 1975, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI organization, and government Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Chemist; Educator administrator; Educator Wisconsin, Madison Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Madison, WI Caspar, Donald Louis Dvorak (1927-) Career description: Language scholar; Casey, Robert Pierce (1897-1959) Election: 1972, Fellow Linguist; Educator Election: 1936, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brandeis University; Affiliation at election: Brown University Children’s Cancer Research Foundation Cassini, Jean Dominique, Comte de Residence at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: Boston, MA (1748-1845) Career description: Theologian; Educator; Career description: Biophysicist; Election: 1788, FHM Academic administrator Structural biologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Paris Observatory Current affiliation: Florida State Residence at election: Paris, France Cash, Jr., James Ireland (1947-) University Career description: Astronomer; Election: 2011, Fellow Geodesist; Research institution Affiliation at election: Harvard Business Caspari, Ernst Wolfgang (1909-1988) administrator School Election: 1959, Fellow Residence at election: Wellesley, MA Affiliation at election: Wesleyan Castaneda, Hector-Neri (1924-1991) Career description: Company executive; University Election: 1990, Fellow Educator Residence at election: Middletown, CT Affiliation at election: Indiana University Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biologist; Educator Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Philosopher; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 97

Castaneda, Jorge G. (1953-) Castle, William Ernest (1867-1962) Catalan, Diego Menendez-Pidal (1928-) Election: 2008, FHM Election: 1900, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of University; Universidad Nacional Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, San Diego Autonoma de Mexico Career description: Zoologist; Geneticist; Residence at election: San Diego, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Educator Career description: Language and literary Career description: Political scientist; scholar; Educator Educator Castle, Jr., William Richards (1878- Current affiliation: Madrid, Spain Current affiliation: New York University 1963) Election: 1932, Fellow Cate, Jamie H.D. (1968-) Casteen III, John T. (1943-) Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow State Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Washington, DC California, Berkeley Virginia Career description: Diplomat; Educator; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Writer (fiction and nonfiction writer) Career description: Structural biologist; Career description: Academic Biochemist; Educator administrator; Public official; Literary Castleman, Jr., Albert Welford (1936-) Current affiliation: Same scholar; Educator Election: 1998, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Pennsylvania State University Castellani, Aldo (1877-1971) Residence at election: University Park, PA Election: 1939, FHM Career description: Physical chemist; Affiliation at election: Royal University of Educator Rome; Louisiana State University Medical Current affiliation: Same School Residence at election: London, England, Castleman, Benjamin (1906-1982) and Rome, Italy Election: 1960, Fellow Career description: Physician; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital Castiglioni, Luigi (1757-1832) Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1786, FHM Career description: Pathologist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Tuscany, Italy Hospital administrator Residence at election: Tuscany, Italy Willa Cather, elected 1943. Image donated by Career description: Government official; Castro, Americo (1885-1972) Corbis-Bettmann Traveler; Naturalist Election: 1970, Fellow Cather, Willa (1873-1947) Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1943, Fellow Castle, Edward Sears (1903-1973) University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 1948, Fellow Residence at election: Madrid, Spain Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Language and literary Career description: Writer (fiction writer) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA scholar; Educator Career description: Plant physiologist; Catlin, Marcus (1805-1849) Educator Caswell, Alexis (1799-1877) Election: 1838, Fellow Election: 1850, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Hamilton College Castle, Emery Neal (1923-2017) Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Clinton, NY Election: 1977, Fellow Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Mathematician; Affiliation at election: Resources for the Career description: Physical scientist; Astronomer; Educator Future, Inc. Astronomer; Educator; Company Residence at election: Washington, DC executive; Academic administrator Cattell, James McKeen (1860-1944) Career description: Economist; Educator; Election: 1933, Fellow Academic and research organization Caswell, Hal (1949-) Affiliation at election: Science; Scientific administrator Election: 2000, Fellow Monthly; American Men of Science Affiliation at election: Woods Hole Residence at election: New York, NY Castle, William Bosworth (1897-1990) Oceanographic Institution Career description: Psychologist; Election: 1931, Fellow Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Educator; Science editor Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Ecologist; Research School; Boston City Hospital institution staff member Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physician; Educator; Research institution administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 98

Catterall, William A. (1946-) Cavers, David Farquhar (1902-1988) Cecil (Lord), David (1902-1986) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1955, Fellow Election: 1969, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Washington Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Oxford, England Residence at election: Seattle, WA Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Language and literary Career description: Pharmacologist; Academic and research institution scholar; Educator Neurobiologist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Cell, George Croft (1875-1937) Caves, Richard Earl (1931-) Election: 1932, Fellow Catton, Charles Bruce (1899-1978) Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston University Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Reading, MA Affiliation at election: American Heritage Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Theologian; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Journalist; Historian; Current affiliation: Same Celli, Angelo (1857-1914) Editor; Government official Election: 1901, FHM Caviness, Madeline Harrison (1938-) Affiliation at election: University of Rome Cauchy (Baron), Augustin Louis (1789- Election: 2007, Fellow Residence at election: Rome, Italy 1857) Affiliation at election: Tufts University Career description: Physician; Public Election: 1832, FHM Residence at election: Charlestown, MA health expert Affiliation at election: University of Turin Career description: Art historian; Residence at election: Paris, France Educator Celmins, Vija (1939-) Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Same Election: 1998, Fellow Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: New York, NY Caws, Mary Ann (1933-) Residence at election: New York, NY Caullery, Maurice Jules Gaston Election: 2009, Fellow Career description: Artist (photographer) Corneille (1868-1958) Affiliation at election: City University of Current affiliation: Same Election: 1920, FHM New York, The Graduate Center Affiliation at election: Faculte des Residence at election: New York, NY Ceperley, David M. (1949-) Sciences; Wimereux Marine Laboratory Career description: Literary and art Election: 1999, Fellow Residence at election: Paris, France scholar; Translator; Educator; Academic Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Biologist; Educator; and research institution administrator Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Physicist; Educator; Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca (1922-) Cayley, Arthur (1821-1895) Government and academic research Election: 1970, FHM Election: 1866, FHM institution staff member Affiliation at election: Universita di Parma Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Pavia, Italy Cambridge Career description: Geneticist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, England Cepko, Constance Louise (1954-) Current affiliation: Stanford School of Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1998, Fellow Medicine Educator; Lawyer Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Cavanagh, Richard E. (1946-) Ceballos González, Gerardo J. (1958-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2014, FHM Career description: Geneticist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard Kennedy Affiliation at election: Universidad Current affiliation: Same School; Fremont Group Nacional Autónoma de México Residence at election: Chestnut Hill, MA Residence at election: Toluca, Mexico Cerami, Anthony (1940-) Career description: Company executive Career description: Ecologist; Educator; Election: 2001, Fellow (investment, consulting); Academic and Academic research institution scientist Affiliation at election: Kenneth S. Warren government administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Laboratories Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Tarrytown, NY Cech, Thomas Robert (1947-) Career description: Biochemist; Medical Cavell, Stanley Louis (1926-) Election: 1988, Fellow scientist; Educator; Research institution Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Colorado Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Boulder, CO Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Current affiliation: Same biologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Current affiliation: University of Colorado

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 99

Cerf, Vinton Gray (1943-) Chadwick, Leigh Edward (1904-1975) Chakrabarty, Dipesh (1948-) Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: MCI Affiliation at election: Army Chemical Affiliation at election: University of Telecommunications Corporation Center Chicago Residence at election: Reston, VA Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Computer scientist; Career description: Physiologist; Career description: Historian; Educator Company executive (telecommunications) Entomologist; Educator; Government Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Google Inc. research scientist and administrator Chakraborty, Arup K. (1961-) Cerisier, Antoine Marie (1749-1828) Chadwick, Owen (William Owen) (1916- Election: 2007, Fellow Election: 1789, FHM 2015) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Government of Election: 1977, FHM Institute of Technology France Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Lexington, MA Residence at election: Paris, France Cambridge Career description: Biological engineer; Career description: Historian; Political Residence at election: Cambridge, England Chemical engineer; Educator commentator; Author; Editor; Journalist Career description: Historian; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator Ceyer, Sylvia Teresse Aida (1953-) Chalfie, Martin (1947-) Election: 1992, Fellow Chafe, William Henry (1942-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Duke University University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Durham, NC Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Cellular biologist; Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator Geneticist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Chabod, Federico (1901-1960) Election: 1959, FHM Chafee, Jr., Zechariah (1885-1957) Chalmers, Bruce (1907-1990) Affiliation at election: Istituto di Studi Election: 1950, Fellow Election: 1955, Fellow Storici Benedetto Croce Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Naples, Italy Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; Research institution administrator Civil libertarian Academic administrator

Chabon, Michael (1963-) Chaffee, Emory Leon (1885-1975) Chalmers, David John (1966-) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1916, Fellow Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Australian National Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University; New York University Career description: Writer (novelist) Career description: Physicist; Engineer; Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Educator; Research institution Career description: Philosopher; Cognitive administrator scientist; Research institution Chadwick, George Whitefield (1854- administrator; Educator 1931) Chagas, Carlos (1910-2000) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1913, Fellow Election: 1970, FHM Affiliation at election: New England Affiliation at election: Federal University Chalmers, Gordon Keith (1904-1956) Conservatory of Music of Rio de Janeiro Medical School Election: 1955, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Rio de Janeiro, Affiliation at election: Kenyon College Career description: Musician (composer); Brazil Residence at election: Gambier, OH Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator; Academic Chadwick, Henry (1920-2008) Chaikin, Paul M. (1945-) administrator Election: 1970, FHM Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Christ Church Affiliation at election: Princeton Chalmers, Thomas Clark (1917-1995) Residence at election: Oxford, England University Election: 1984, Fellow Career description: Historian (religion); Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: Mount Sinai School Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator of Medicine; Mount Sinai Medical Center Current affiliation: New York University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physician; Educator; Academic and hospital administrator; Company executive

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 100

Chamberlain, Gary E. (1948-) Chamberlin, Michael John (1937-) Chan, Gerald L. (1951-) Election: 1989, Fellow Election: 1990, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: The Morningside Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Berkeley Group Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Newton Center, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Company founder and Current affiliation: Same executive (investment); Foundation Chamberlain, John Angus (1927-2011) founder and executive; Philanthropist Election: 2000, Fellow Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder (1843- Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Shelter Island 1928) Heights, NY Election: 1901, Associate Fellow Chan, Moses H. W. (1946-) Residence at election: Shelter Island Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2004, Fellow Heights, NY Chicago Affiliation at election: Pennsylvania State Career description: Artist (sculptor) Residence at election: Chicago, IL University Career description: Geologist; Educator; Residence at election: University Park, PA Chamberlain, Joseph Perkins (1873- Academic administrator Career description: Physicist; Educator 1951) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1932, Fellow Chambers, Anne Cox (1919-) Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 2003, Fellow Chan, Ronnie C. (1949-) University Affiliation at election: Atlanta Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Newspapers, Inc. Affiliation at election: Hang Lung Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Properties Limited Research agency administrator Career description: Company executive Residence at election: Hong Kong, China (newspaper); Diplomat Career description: Company executive Chamberlain, Mellen (1821-1900) Current affiliation: Cox Enterprises, Inc. (real estate); Foundation founder and Election: 1892, Fellow executive; Philanthropist Affiliation at election: Boston Public Chambers, John T. (1949-) Current affiliation: Same Library Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: Chelsea, MA Affiliation at election: Cisco Systems, Inc. Chan, Sunney I. (1936-) Career description: Librarian; Jurist; Residence at election: San Jose, CA Election: 2010, Fellow Government official; Lawyer; Historian Career description: Company executive Affiliation at election: California Institute (computer) of Technology; Academia Sinica, Taiwan Chamberlain, Owen (1920-2006) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Election: 1974, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Chambers, L. Ross (1932-2017) Current affiliation: Same California, Berkeley Election: 2008, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: University of Chance, Britton (1913-2010) Career description: Nuclear physicist; Michigan Election: 1955, Fellow Educator Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Literary scholar; Pennsylvania Chamberlain, Samuel (1895-1975) Educator Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Election: 1945, Fellow Career description: Biophysicist; Physical Affiliation at election: Marblehead, MA Chambon, Pierre (1931-) chemist; Educator Residence at election: Marblehead, MA Election: 1985, FHM Career description: Artist (graphic artist); Affiliation at election: University of Chancellor, John William (1927-1996) Writer; Educator Strasbourg Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: Strasbourg, France Affiliation at election: NBC News Chamberlin, Edward Hastings (1899- Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Residence at election: New York, NY 1967) Research agency administrator Career description: Journalist Election: 1936, Fellow Current affiliation: Institut Genetique Affiliation at election: Harvard University Biologie Moleculaire Cellulaire Chandler, Jr., Alfred Dupont (1918- Residence at election: Cambridge, MA 2007) Career description: Economist; Educator Chamot, Emile Monnin (1868-1950) Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1938, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Affiliation at election: Cornell University University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Microscopist and Career description: Historian; Educator sanitary chemist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 101

Chandler, David (1944-2017) Chang, Kwang-chih (1931-2001) Channing, William Ellery (1780-1842) Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 1809, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Federal Street California, Berkeley Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Church, Boston Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Chemical physicist; Educator Career description: Clergy member Educator Chang, Min-Chueh (1908-1991) Channing, William Francis (1820-1901) Chandler, James Kenneth (1948-) Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 1849, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Worcester Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: University of Foundation for Experimental Biology; Residence at election: Boston, MA Chicago Boston University Career description: Inventor Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Shrewsbury, MA Career description: Literary scholar; Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Chao, Yuen Ren (1892-1982) Educator Research foundation scientist Election: 1948, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Chang, Sun-Yung Alice (1948-) California, Berkeley Chandler, Jr., Robert Flint (1907-1999) Election: 2008, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Career description: Linguist; Educator Affiliation at election: International Rice University Research Institute Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Chapin, Charles Value (1856-1941) Residence at election: Los Banos, Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1914, Fellow Philippines Educator Affiliation at election: State of Rhode Career description: Agricultural scientist; Current affiliation: Same Island Educator; Research institution Residence at election: Providence, RI administrator Changeux, Jean-Pierre (1936-) Career description: Epidemiologist; Public Election: 1994, FHM health official; Educator Chandler, Jr., Seth Carlo (1846-1913) Affiliation at election: Institut Pasteur; Election: 1883, Fellow Collège de France Chapin III, F. Stuart (1944-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 2002, Fellow Observatory Career description: Neurobiologist; Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator Alaska, Fairbanks Career description: Astronomer; Actuary; Current affiliation: Institut Pasteur Residence at election: Fairbanks, AK Government and academic research Career description: Ecologist; Botanist; agency staff member Channing, Edward Perkins (1856-1931) Educator Election: 1911, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1910- Affiliation at election: Harvard University 1995) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chapin, Schuyler Garrison (1923-2009) Election: 1946, Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: New York, NY Chicago Channing, Edward Tyrrel (1790-1856) Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Williams Bay, WI Election: 1823, Fellow Career description: Cultural organization Career description: Astrophysicist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University and academic administrator Educator; Editor Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Educator Chaplin, Winfield Scott (1847-1918) Chang, Christopher J. (1974-) Election: 1887, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Channing, Henry (1760-1840) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1812, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Newport, RI Career description: Engineer; Educator; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Newport, RI Academic administrator Career description: Biochemist; Biological Career description: Clergy member chemist; Educator Chapman, Alvan Wentworth (1809- Current affiliation: Same Channing, Walter (1786-1876) 1899) Election: 1818, Fellow Election: 1866, Associate Fellow Chang, Kang-i Sun (1944-) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Apalachicola, FL Election: 2015, Fellow School Residence at election: Apalachicola, FL Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Botanist; Physician Residence at election: Woodbridge, CT Career description: Physician; Educator; Career description: Literary critic; Academic administrator Language scholar; Biographer; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 102

Chapman, Carleton Burke (1915-2000) Charnov, Eric L. (1947-) Chasles, Michel (1793-1880) Election: 1970, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1864, FHM Affiliation at election: Dartmouth Medical Affiliation at election: University of New Affiliation at election: Sorbonne School Mexico Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Hanover, NH Residence at election: Albuquerque, NM Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Cardiologist; Educator; Career description: Evolutionary ecologist; Educator Academic administrator; Foundation Educator executive Current affiliation: Same Chast, Rosalind (Roz) (1954-) Election: 2013, Fellow Chapman, Henry Leland (1845-1913) Charnwood (Baron), Godfrey Rathbone Affiliation at election: The New Yorker Election: 1912, Fellow Benson (1864-1945) Residence at election: Ridgefield, CT Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Election: 1929, FHM Career description: Artist (cartoonist) Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Affiliation at election: Lichfield, England Current affiliation: Same Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Lichfield, England scholar; Educator Career description: Writer (biographer); Chastel, Andre Adrien (1912-1990) Government official Election: 1975, FHM Chapman, Richard Palmer (1905-1988) Affiliation at election: Collège de France Election: 1965, Fellow Charpie, Robert Alan (1925-2011) Residence at election: Paris, France Affiliation at election: New England Election: 1971, Fellow Career description: Historian and critic Merchants’ National Bank Affiliation at election: Cabot Corporation (art); Educator; Academic administrator Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Banker; Company Career description: Physicist; Research Chastellux, François Jean, Marquis de executive institution administrator; Company (1734-1788) executive Election: 1781, FHM Charbonneau, David (1974-) Affiliation at election: Government of Election: 2017, Fellow Chartier, Roger (1945-) France Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2016, FHM Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: College de France Career description: Military officer; Career description: Planetary scientist; Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Author Astronomer; Educator Career description: Historian; Literary Current affiliation: Same scholar; Educator Chatfield-Taylor, Adele (1945-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1996, Fellow Chargaff, Erwin (1905-2002) Affiliation at election: American Academy Election: 1961, Fellow Chase, George Henry (1874-1952) in Rome Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 1912, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Arts administrator; Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Historic preservationist Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Archaeologist; Current affiliation: Same Educator; Academic administrator; Charlesworth, Brian (1945-) Museum curator Chatt, Joseph (1914-1997) Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 1985, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Chase, Merrill Wallace (1905-2004) Affiliation at election: University of Sussex Chicago Election: 1974, Fellow Residence at election: Sussex, England Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Career description: Chemist; Educator; Career description: Evolutionary University Company research scientist; Government geneticist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY research institution administrator Current affiliation: University of Career description: Immunologist; Edinburgh Educator Chaudhari, Praveen (1937-2010) Election: 1999, Fellow Charney, Jule Gregory (1917-1981) Chaskalson, Arthur (1941-2012) Affiliation at election: IBM T. J. Watson Election: 1957, Fellow Election: 2008, FHM Research Center Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Constitutional Residence at election: Yorktown Heights, Institute of Technology Court of South Africa NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Braamfontein, South Career description: Physical metallurgist; Career description: Meteorologist; Africa Company research administrator Educator Career description: Lawyer; Jurist

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 103

Chauncy, Charles (1705-1787) Cheatham, Thomas Edward (1929-2001) Chemerinsky, Erwin (1953-) Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Irvine School of Law Career description: Clergy member Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: Irvine, CA Educator Career description: Law scholar Chauvenet, William (1820-1870) (constitutional law); Educator Election: 1850, Associate Fellow Cheeger, Jeff (1943-) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: U.S. Naval Election: 2006, Fellow Academy Affiliation at election: New York Chen, Lincoln Chih-ho (1942-) Residence at election: Annapolis, MD University Election: 1997, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Astronomer; Educator; Academic Career description: Mathematician; Foundation administrator Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Courant Institute of Career description: Public health and Chavez, Carlos (1899-1978) Mathematical Sciences, New York policy expert; Educator; Academic Election: 1959, FHM University administrator; Foundation executive Affiliation at election: National Institute of Current affiliation: China Medical Board Fine Arts Cheetham, Anthony K. (1946-) Residence at election: Mexico City, Mexico Election: 2014, Fellow Chen, Steve S. (1944-) Career description: Musician (composer, Affiliation at election: The Royal Society Election: 1991, Fellow conductor); Educator; Academic Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: Supercomputer administrator Career description: Materials scientist; Systems, Inc. Learned society administrator Residence at election: Eau Claire, WI Chayes, Abram (1922-2000) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Computer scientist; Election: 1962, Fellow Company executive Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Cheever, David (1876-1955) Current affiliation: Tonbu, Inc. State Election: 1930, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Chen, Zhu (1953-) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Election: 2017, FHM Government official Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Shanghai Institute Career description: Surgeon; Educator of Hematology Chayes, Jennifer Tour (1956-) Residence at election: Shanghai, China Election: 2014, Fellow Cheever, David Williams (1831-1915) Career description: Hematologist; Affiliation at election: Microsoft Research Election: 1889, Fellow Research institution scientist New England Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA School Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Chenault, Kenneth Irvine (1951-) Research institution founder and Career description: Physician; Surgeon; Election: 2006, Fellow administrator; Educator Educator Affiliation at election: American Express Current affiliation: Same Company Cheever, Francis Sargent (1909-1997) Residence at election: Hempstead, NY Chazelle, Bernard (1955-) Election: 1969, Fellow Career description: Company executive Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Princeton Pittsburgh University Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Chenea, Paul Franklin (1918-1996) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Microbiologist; Election: 1963, Fellow Career description: Computer scientist; Educator; Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Purdue University Mathematician; Educator Residence at election: Lafayette, IN Current affiliation: Same Cheever, John (1912-1982) Career description: Mechanical and Election: 1966, Fellow electrical engineer; Educator; Academic Cheadle, Vernon Irvin (1910-1995) Affiliation at election: Ossining, NY administrator; Company research Election: 1956, Fellow Residence at election: Ossining, NY scientist and administrator Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Writer (novelist, short California, Davis story writer) Residence at election: Davis, CA Career description: Botanist; Educator; Academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 104

Chenery, Hollis Burnley (1918-1994) Chernoff, Herman (1923-) Chiang, Yee (1903-1977) Election: 1965, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1956, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Agency for Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Columbia International Development Residence at election: Stanford, CA University Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Statistician; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Economist; Educator; Current affiliation: Harvard University Career description: Writer; Calligrapher; Government official; Company executive Educator; Museum curator (international banking) Chernozhukov, Victor (1974-) Election: 2016, Fellow Chien, Shu (1931-) Cheney, Dorothy L. (1950-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, San Diego Pennsylvania Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Engineer; Educator Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Current affiliation: Same Animal behavioralist; Educator Chetty, Raj (1979-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2014, Fellow Child, Francis James (1825-1896) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1855, Fellow Chen Yi (1953-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2005, Fellow Career description: Public economist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Educator Career description: Language and literary Missouri-Kansas City Current affiliation: Stanford University scholar; Educator Residence at election: Kansas City, MO Career description: Musician (composer); Chevalier, Judith (1968-) Child, Julia (1912-2004) Educator Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Cherington, Charles Richards (1913- Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Chef; Television 1967) Current affiliation: Yale School of personality (cooking); Author Election: 1952, Fellow Management Affiliation at election: Harvard University Childress, James Franklin (1940-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chevreul, Michel Eugene (1786-1889) Election: 1988, Fellow Career description: Political scientist; Election: 1868, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Educator Affiliation at election: Museum of Natural Virginia History Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Cherlin, Andrew J. (1948-) Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Theologian; Election: 2016, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator; Biomedical ethicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same University Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Chew, Geoffrey Foucar (1924-) Childs, Barton (1916-2010) Career description: Sociologist; Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Demographer; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Current affiliation: Same California, Berkeley University School of Medicine Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Chern, Shiing Shen (1911-2004) Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Physician; Educator Election: 1963, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Childs, Brevard Springs (1923-2007) California, Berkeley Chi, Michelene T.H. (1950-) Election: 1994, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Career description: Mathematician; Affiliation at election: Arizona State Residence at election: New Haven, CT Educator University Career description: Theologian; Educator Residence at election: Tempe, AZ Cherniss, Harold Fredrik (1904-1987) Career description: Education specialist; Chillida, Eduardo (1924-2002) Election: 1958, Fellow Educator Election: 1993, FHM Affiliation at election: Institute for Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: San Sebastian, Spain Advanced Study Residence at election: San Sebastian, Spain Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Artist (sculptor) Career description: Classicist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 105

Chilton, Mary-Dell Matchett (1939-) Chisholm, Roderick Milton (1916-1999) Chomsky, Avram Noam (1928-) Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1958, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: Ciba-Geigy Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Corporation Residence at election: Providence, RI Institute of Technology Residence at election: Research Triangle Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Park, NC Career description: Linguist; Philosopher; Career description: Microbiologist; Chisholm, Sallie Watson (1947-) Educator; Social and political critic Geneticist; Company executive and Election: 1992, Fellow Current affiliation: Same researcher Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Current affiliation: Novartis Ag Institute of Technology Choper, Jesse Herbert (1935-) Biotechnology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1983, Fellow Career description: Biological Affiliation at election: University of Chinard, Gilbert (1881-1972) oceanographer; Educator California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Election: 1949, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Law Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Berkeley, CA University Chittenden, Russell Henry (1856-1943) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Election: 1912, Fellow Academic administrator Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Yale University Current affiliation: University of scholar; Educator Residence at election: New Haven, CT California, Berkeley, School of Law Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Chinnaiyan, Arul M. (1969-) Academic administrator Choppin, Purnell Whittington (1929-) Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Cho, Alfred Yi (1937-) Affiliation at election: Howard Hughes Michigan Election: 1989, Fellow Medical Institute Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Affiliation at election: AT&T Bell Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Clinical pathologist; Laboratories Career description: Virologist; Physician; Urologist; Educator; Academic research Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Research institution administrator; institution administrator; Research Career description: Electrical engineer; Educator institution scientist Company research administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Summit, NJ Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne (1923-) Chipman, Daniel (1765-1850) Choate, Joseph Hodges (1832-1917) Election: 1985, FHM Election: 1812, Fellow Election: 1900, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Université de Paris Affiliation at election: Middlebury College Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Middlebury, VT Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. Career description: Lawyer; Diplomat Educator House of Representatives; Educator Current affiliation: Same Choate, Rufus (1799-1859) Chipman, John (1897-1983) Election: 1854, Fellow Chorin, Alexandre Joel (1938-) Election: 1948, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Senator; California, Berkeley Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Member, U.S. House of Representatives Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Engineer; Metallurgist; Career description: Mathematician; Educator Chobanian, Aram V. (1929-) Educator Election: 2007, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Chipman, John Somerset (1926-) Affiliation at election: Boston University Election: 1979, Fellow Residence at election: Natick, MA Chory, Joanne (1955-) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Physician; Academic Election: 1998, Fellow Minnesota administrator; Educator Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Current affiliation: Same Biological Studies Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Current affiliation: Same Chodorow, Marvin (1913-2005) Career description: Plant biologist; Election: 1972, Fellow Educator Chisholm, Malcolm Harold (1945-2015) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Current affiliation: Same Election: 2004, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: Ohio State Career description: Physicist; Educator; University Academic research institution Residence at election: Columbus, OH administrator Career description: Chemist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 106

Chow, Rey (1957-) Christensen, Halvor Niels (1915-2003) Chu, Lan Jen (1913-1973) Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Affiliation at election: Tufts University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Durham, NC School of Medicine Institute of Technology Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA scholar; Educator Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Electrical engineer; Current affiliation: Same Educator Christian, Henry Asbury (1876-1951) Chow, Ven Te (1919-1981) Election: 1913, Fellow Chu, Paul Ching-Wu (Ching-Wu Paul) Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical (1941-) Affiliation at election: University of School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Election: 1989, Fellow Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Physician; Educator Houston Career description: Civil and hydraulic Residence at election: Houston, TX engineer; Educator Christiansen, Keith (1950-) Career description: Physicist; Educator Election: 2006, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Chowdhry, Uma (1947-) Affiliation at election: Metropolitan Election: 2003, Fellow Museum of Art Chu, Steven (1948-) Affiliation at election: DuPont Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1992, Fellow Engineering Career description: Museum curator Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Wilmington, DE Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Engineer; Company Career description: Physicist; Educator research administrator Christ-Janer, Arland Frederick (1922- Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: E. I. Du Pont de 2008) Nemours & Company Election: 1968, Fellow Church, Alonzo (1903-1995) Affiliation at election: Boston University Election: 1960, Fellow Chowning, John MacLeod (1934-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1988, Fellow Career description: Academic University Affiliation at election: Stanford University administrator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Musician; Educator Christodoulou, Demetrios (1951-) Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Church, Frederic Edwin (1826-1900) Christ, Carol Tecla (1944-) University Election: 1863, Associate Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Smith College Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Northampton, MA Educator Career description: Artist (painter) Career description: Language and literary Current affiliation: Eidgenössische scholar; Educator; Academic Technische Hochschule Zürich Church, Thomas Dolliver (1902-1978) administrator Election: 1978, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Christopher, Warren (1925-2011) Affiliation at election: San Francisco, CA Election: 1988, Fellow Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Christ, F. Michael (1955-) Affiliation at election: O’Melveny & Myers Career description: Landscape architect Election: 2007, Fellow LLP Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Churchill, Edward Delos (1895-1972) California, Berkeley Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Secretary Election: 1948, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA of State Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Mathematician; School Educator Christy, Robert Frederick (1916-2012) Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Election: 1969, Fellow Career description: Surgeon; Educator Affiliation at election: California Institute Christakis, Nicholas Alexander (1962-) of Technology Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Affiliation at election: Yale University Career description: Physicist; Educator; Residence at election: New Haven, CT Academic administrator Career description: Sociologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 107

Cicourel, Aaron Victor (1928-) Clap, Elisha (1776-1830) Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 1811, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Sandwich Academy California, San Diego Residence at election: Sandwich, MA Residence at election: San Diego, CA Career description: Educator; Academic Career description: Sociologist; Cognitive administrator scientist; Educator Current affiliation: University of Clapham, David E. (1952-) California, San Francisco Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Ciechanover, Aaron Judah (1947-) School; Children’s Hospital, Boston Election: 2008, FHM Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Technion-Israel Career description: Cell biologist; Institute of Technology Biophysicist; Educator Winston Churchill, elected 1946, FHM. Residence at election: Haifa, Israel Current affiliation: Children’s Hospital, Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Career description: Biochemist; Educator Boston Churchill, Winston (1874-1965) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1946, FHM Clapp, Margaret Antoinette (1910-1974) Affiliation at election: Government of Cigarroa, Francisco G. (1957-) Election: 1952, Fellow Great Britain Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Wellesley College Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: University of Texas Residence at election: Wellesley, MA Career description: Prime Minister of the System Career description: Historian; Educator; United Kingdom; Historian; Author Residence at election: San Antonio, TX Academic administrator Career description: Academic Churchland, Patricia Smith (1943-) administrator; Pediatric surgeon Clardy, Jon Christel (1943-) Election: 2015, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Cornell University California, San Diego Cipolla, Carlo Manlio (1922-2000) Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Election: 1978, FHM Career description: Chemist; Chemical Career description: Neurophilosopher; Affiliation at election: University of Pavia; biologist; Educator Professional society administrator; University of California, Berkeley Current affiliation: Harvard Medical Educator Residence at election: Pavia, Italy School Current affiliation: Same Career description: Economist; Historian; Educator Clark, Alvan (1804-1887) Ciardi, John Anthony (1916-1986) Election: 1862, Fellow Election: 1953, Fellow Clack, Jennifer Alice (1947-) Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2009, FHM Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Artist (painter, Career description: Writer (poet, literary Cambridge engraver); Astronomer; Instrument critic); Educator; Editor Residence at election: Royston Herts, maker England Cicchetti, Dante (1948-) Career description: Vertebrate Clark, Alvan Graham (1832-1897) Election: 2015, Fellow paleontologist; Educator; Curator; Election: 1881, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Academic research institution Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Minnesota administrator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astronomer; Career description: Developmental Instrument maker psychopathologist; Educator Claflin, Jr., William Henry (1893-1981) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1947, Fellow Clark, Andrew G. (1954-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2016, Fellow Cicerone, Ralph John (1943-2016) Residence at election: Belmont, MA Affiliation at election: Cornell University Election: 1991, Fellow Career description: Academic Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Affiliation at election: University of administrator Career description: Population geneticist; California, Irvine Educator Residence at election: Irvine, CA Clagett, Marshall (1916-2005) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Atmospheric chemist; Election: 1956, Fellow Academic administrator; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Historian; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 108

Clark, Benjamin Preston (1860-1939) Clark, George Whipple (1928-) Clark, John Desmond (J. Desmond) Election: 1920, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow (1916-2002) Affiliation at election: B.C. Clark & Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1965, Fellow Company; Cohasset Water Company Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Berkeley Career description: Lepidopterist; Career description: Physicist; Astronomer; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Company executive; Diplomat; Educator Career description: Anthropologist; Government official Current affiliation: Same Archaeologist; Educator; Museum administrator Clark, Charles Manning Hope (1915- Clark, Grenville (1882-1967) 1991) Election: 1964, Fellow Clark, John Grahame Douglas (1907- Election: 1988, FHM Affiliation at election: Dublin, NH 1995) Affiliation at election: Australian National Residence at election: Dublin, NH Election: 1961, FHM University Career description: Lawyer; Peace and civil Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Canberra, Australia rights activist Cambridge Career description: Historian; Political Residence at election: Cambridge, England scientist; Educator Clark, Henry James (1826-1873) Career description: Archaeologist; Election: 1856, Fellow Educator; Academic administrator Clark, David D. (1944-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2002, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Clark, John Maurice (1884-1963) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Zoologist; Botanist; Election: 1934, Fellow Institute of Technology Educator Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Career description: Computer scientist; Clark, Herbert Horace (1940-) Residence at election: New York, NY Academic research institution staff Election: 1982, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator member Affiliation at election: Stanford University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Stanford, CA Clark, Joseph Sill (1901-1990) Career description: Psychologist; Educator Election: 1965, Fellow Clark, Dean Alexander (1905-1982) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: U.S. Senate Election: 1954, Fellow Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Clark, James H. (1944-) Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Senator; General Hospital; Harvard Medical Election: 2004, Fellow Legislator School Affiliation at election: Shutterfly Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Mountain View, CA Clark, Kenneth Bancroft (1914-2005) Career description: Physician; Educator; Career description: Computer scientist; Election: 1969, Fellow Government research scientist and Company founder and executive Affiliation at election: City University of administrator; Hospital administrator Current affiliation: Silicon Graphics, Inc. New York; Metropolitan Applied Research Center Clark, Elizabeth Ann (1938-) Clark, James Samuel (1957-) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Career description: Psychologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Duke University Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Durham, NC Residence at election: Durham, NC Clark, Kenneth Mackenzie (1903-1983) Career description: Historian (religion); Career description: Plant ecologist; Election: 1964, FHM Educator Educator Affiliation at election: Kent, England Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Kent, England Career description: Historian (art); Clark, George Bassett (1827-1891) Clark, John Bates (1847-1938) Educator; Museum and academic Election: 1878, Fellow Election: 1916, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Clark, Margaret S. (1952-) Career description: Astronomer; Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2015, Fellow Instrument maker Career description: Economist; Educator Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Clark, George Norman (1890-1979) Career description: Social psychologist; Election: 1950, FHM Professional organization administrator; Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Educator Residence at election: Oxford, England Current affiliation: Same Career description: Historian; Educator; Academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 109

Clark, Paul Foster (1892-1973) Clark, William Arthur V. (1938-) Clarke, Edward Hammond (1820-1877) Election: 1949, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1865, Fellow Affiliation at election: John Hancock Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Mutual Life Insurance Company California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Physician; Author Career description: Insurance specialist; Career description: Geographer; Company executive Demographer; Educator Clarke, Eliot Channing (1845-1921) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1887, Fellow Clark, Ramsey (1927-) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 1971, Fellow Clark, William Bullock (1860-1917) Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Paul, Weiss, Election: 1916, Fellow Career description: Civil engineer; Goldberg, Rifkind, Wharton, & Garrison Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Company executive Residence at election: Washington, DC University Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Attorney Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Clarke, George Leonard (1905-1987) General; Political activist Career description: Geologist; Educator; Election: 1952, Fellow Current affiliation: New York, NY Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Clark, Robert Charles (1944-) Clark, William Irving (1879-1958) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 1942, Fellow Career description: Biologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Affiliation at election: Norton Company; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Harvard Medical School Clarke, Hans Thacher (1887-1972) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Residence at election: Worcester, MA Election: 1965, Fellow Academic administrator Career description: Physician; Educator; Affiliation at election: Columbia Current affiliation: Same Company executive University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Children’s Hospital, Boston Clark, Samuel Delbert (1910-2003) Clark, William Smith (1826-1886) Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1976, FHM Election: 1868, Fellow Career description: Biological chemist; Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Educator; Company research scientist Toronto Agricultural College Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Clarke, James Freeman (1810-1888) Career description: Sociologist; Educator Career description: Educator; Academic Election: 1879, Fellow administrator; Botanist; Army officer Affiliation at election: Church of the Clark, Thomas Edwards (-1921) Disciples, Boston Election: 1858, Fellow Clarke, Adrienne Elizabeth (1938-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Williams College Election: 1998, FHM Career description: Clergy member Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Chemist; Physician; Melbourne Clarke, John (1755-1798) Educator Residence at election: Melbourne, Election: 1780, Fellow Australia Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Clark, Timothy James (1943-) Career description: Plant geneticist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1992, Fellow Educator; Academic research institution Career description: Clergy member Affiliation at election: University of administrator; Government official California, Berkeley Current affiliation: Same Clarke, John (1943-) Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Election: 2015, Fellow Career description: Historian (art); Clarke, Bryan Campbell (1932-2014) Affiliation at election: University of Educator Election: 2004, FHM California, Berkeley Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Nottingham Career description: Physicist; Educator Clark, Walter Eugene (1881-1960) Residence at election: Nottingham, Current affiliation: Same Election: 1920, Fellow England Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Geneticist; Ecologist; Clarke, John Mason (1857-1925) Chicago Educator Election: 1915, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: State of New York; Career description: Language scholar; Clarke, Edmund Melson (1945-) University of the State of New York Educator; Academic administrator Election: 2011, Fellow Residence at election: Albany, NY Affiliation at election: Carnegie Mellon Career description: Paleontologist; University Educator; Museum administrator Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Career description: Computer scientist; Engineer; Educator Current affiliation: Same

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Clarke, Joseph Thacher (1856-1920) Clausen, Wendell Vernon (1923-2006) Clayton, Donald Delbert (1935-) Election: 1884, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Clemson University Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Clemson, SC Career description: Archaeologist; Career description: Classicist; Educator Career description: Astrophysicist; Historian; Businessperson Educator; Writer Clauser, Francis Hettinger (1913-2013) Current affiliation: Same Clarke, Samuel Fessenden (1851-1928) Election: 1959, Fellow Election: 1895, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Clayton, Henry Helm (1861-1946) Affiliation at election: Williams College University Election: 1893, Fellow Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Affiliation at election: U.S. Weather Career description: Zoologist; Educator Career description: Aeronautical engineer; Bureau Educator Residence at election: Milton, MA Clary, David Charles (1953-) Career description: Meteorologist; Election: 2003, FHM Clauser, Milton Ure (1913-1980) Research institution staff member; Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Election: 1967, Fellow Government research administrator Residence at election: Oxford, England Affiliation at election: Lincoln Laboratory Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Lexington, MA Clayton, Robert Norman (1930-) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Aeronautical engineer; Election: 1978, Fellow Educator; Company research scientist and Affiliation at election: University of Claude, Albert (1899-1983) executive; Research institution and Chicago Election: 1971, FHM academic administrator Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Free University of Career description: Chemist; Educator Brussels Clausius, Rudolph Julius Emmanuel Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Brussels, Belgium (1822-1888) Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Election: 1873, FHM Clayton, Roderick Keener (1922-2011) Academic research institution Affiliation at election: University of Bonn Election: 1971, Fellow administrator Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Affiliation at election: Cornell University Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Claudel, Paul Louis Charles Marie Career description: Biophysicist; Plant (1868-1955) Clawson, Marion (1905-1998) biologist; Educator Election: 1932, FHM Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: Government of Affiliation at election: Resources for the Clayton, William Lockhart (1880-1966) France Future, Inc. Election: 1948, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Career description: Diplomat; Writer Career description: Agricultural State (playwright, poet, essayist) economist; Research institution Residence at election: Washington, DC administrator; Foundation executive Career description: Company executive; Clausen, Jens Christian (1891-1969) Government official Election: 1949, Fellow Clay, Henry (1883-1956) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Election: 1939, FHM Claytor, Jr., William Graham (1912- of Washington Affiliation at election: Bank of England 1994) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Kenley, Surrey, Election: 1991, Fellow Career description: Botanist; Educator; England Affiliation at election: National Railroad Research institution staff member Career description: Economist; Educator; Passenger Corporation Government official Residence at election: Washington, DC Clausen, John Adam (1914-1996) Career description: Lawyer; Company Election: 1989, Fellow Clay, Lucius Dubignon (1897-1978) executive Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1958, Fellow California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Continental Can Cleave, Mary Louise (1947-) Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Company Election: 2017, Fellow Career description: Psychologist; Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: National Sociologist; Educator; Research institution Career description: Army officer; Aeronautics and Space Administration administrator Company executive Residence at election: Annapolis, MD Career description: Environmental engineer; Government research agency administrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 111

Cleaveland, Parker (1780-1858) Cleveland, Lemuel Roscoe (1892-1969) Clifton, Chalmers Dancy (1889-1966) Election: 1809, Associate Fellow Election: 1929, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Brunswick, ME School University Career description: Mineralogist; Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Zoologist; Educator Career description: Musician (conductor); Clegg, Michael Tran (1941-) Educator Election: 1992, Fellow Clevers, Johannes Carolus (1957-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2012, FHM Clifton, Lucille Thelma (1936-2010) California, Riverside Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1999, Fellow Residence at election: Riverside, CA Utrecht; Royal Netherlands Academy of Affiliation at election: St. Mary’s College Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Arts and Sciences of Maryland Geneticist; Educator Residence at election: Huis ter Heide, Residence at election: St. Mary’s City, MD Current affiliation: University of Netherlands Career description: Writer (poet, California, Irvine Career description: Molecular geneticist; children’s literature); Educator Academic research institution Cleland, Herdman Fitzgerald (1869- administrator; Educator Clifton, Rodney James (1937-) 1935) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1911, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: Williams College Clifford, Charles Warren (1844-1923) Residence at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Election: 1918, Fellow Career description: Mechanical and Career description: Geologist; Educator Affiliation at election: St. Luke’s Hospital materials engineer; Educator Residence at election: New Bedford, MA Current affiliation: Same Cleland, Ralph Erskine (1892-1971) Career description: Lawyer; Banker; Election: 1946, Fellow Government official; Diplomat Cline, Thomas Warren (1946-) Affiliation at election: Indiana University Election: 1994, Fellow Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Clifford, Clark McAdams (1906-1998) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Botanist; Educator; Election: 1989, Fellow California, Berkeley Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Clifford & Warnke Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Molecular biologist; Cleland, William Wallace (1930-2013) Career description: Lawyer; Government Educator Election: 1977, Fellow official; Company executive Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin, Madison Clifford, Harry Ellsworth (1866-1952) Clinton, DeWitt (1769-1828) Residence at election: Madison, WI Election: 1902, Fellow Election: 1816, Fellow Career description: Biochemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: New York, NY Institute of Technology Residence at election: New York, NY Clemence, Gerald Maurice (1908-1974) Residence at election: Newton, MA Career description: Governor of New Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Electrical engineer; York; Lawyer Affiliation at election: U.S. Navy Educator; Academic administrator Residence at election: Washington, DC Clinton, George Perkins (1867-1937) Career description: Astronomer; Clifford, James (1945-) Election: 1914, Fellow Observatory administrator Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Connecticut Affiliation at election: University of Agricultural Experiment Station Clements, John Allen (1923-) California, Santa Cruz Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 2002, Fellow Residence at election: Santa Cruz, CA Career description: Botanist; Educator; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Historian; Educator Government agency researcher California, San Francisco Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Clinton, Hillary Rodham (1947-) Career description: Biochemist; Educator Clifford, John Henry (1809-1876) Election: 2012, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1859, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Affiliation at election: New Bedford, MA State Cleveland, Don W. (1950-) Residence at election: New Bedford, MA Residence at election: Washington, DC Election: 2006, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Governor of Career description: U.S. Secretary of State; Affiliation at election: University of Massachusetts; Businessperson U.S. Senator; First Lady; Lawyer California, San Diego Current affiliation: Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Residence at election: Del Mar, CA Clinton Foundation Career description: Molecular biologist; Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 112

Clinton, William Jefferson (1946-) Clough, Gerald Wayne (1941-) Cobb, David (1748-1830) Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: William J. Clinton Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Affiliation at election: Taunton, MA Foundation Institution Residence at election: Taunton, MA Residence at election: Chappaqua, NY Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Government official; Career description: U.S. President; Career description: Civil engineer; Jurist; Army officer Governor of Arkansas; Lawyer; Author; Museum administrator Humanitarian Current affiliation: Same Cobb, Henry Nichols (1926-) Current affiliation: Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Election: 1984, Fellow Clinton Foundation Clover, Carol J. (1940-) Affiliation at election: I. M. Pei & Partners; Election: 1996, Fellow Harvard University Design School Clive, John Leonard (1924-1990) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1974, Fellow California, Berkeley Career description: Architect Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Current affiliation: Pei Cobb Freed & Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary Partners Career description: Historian; Educator scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Cobb, Jr., John B. (1925-) Clore, G. Marius (1955-) Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Clurman, Harold Edgar (1901-1980) Affiliation at election: Claremont School Affiliation at election: National Institute of Election: 1965, Fellow of Theology Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Claremont, CA Diseases Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Philosopher; Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Theatrical director; Theologian; Environmentalist; Educator Career description: Biophysicist; Writer (drama critic) Current affiliation: Same Biochemist Current affiliation: Same Coale, Ansley Johnson (1917-2002) Cobb, John Candler (1858-1933) Election: 1970, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Clore, Gerald L. (1939-) Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Cobb & Company Election: 2010, Fellow University Residence at election: Milton, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Company executive; Virginia Career description: Economist; Educator Civic leader Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Psychologist; Educator Coase, Ronald Harry (1910-2013) Cobb, Stanley (1887-1968) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1978, Fellow Election: 1922, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Close, Chuck (1940-) Chicago School Election: 1998, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Ponkapoag, MA Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Neuropsychiatrist; Residence at election: New York, NY Educator Career description: Artist (painter) Coate, Stephen T. (1957-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2017, Fellow Coblentz, William K. (1922-2010) Affiliation at election: Cornell University Election: 2002, Fellow Closs, Gerhard Ludwig (1928-1992) Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Affiliation at election: Coblentz, Patch, Election: 1975, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Duffy & Bass, LLP Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Chicago Career description: Lawyer; Nonprofit Residence at election: Chicago, IL Coates, Geoffrey W. (1966-) institution leader Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Cochran, Thomas Childs (1902-1999) Cloud, Jr., Preston Ercelle (1912-1991) Residence at election: Lansing, NY Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Pennsylvania California, Santa Barbara Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Coatsworth, John Henry (1940-) Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Geologist; Educator; Election: 2005, Fellow Research institution administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator; Academic research agency administrator Current affiliation: Columbia University

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 113

Cochran, William Gemmell (1909-1980) Code, Arthur Dodd (1923-2009) Cogan, David Glendenning (1908-1993) Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Wisconsin, Madison School; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Madison, WI Infirmary Statistician; Educator Career description: Astrophysicist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Educator Career description: Physician; Educator; Cochrane, Edward Lull (1892-1959) Research institution administrator Election: 1949, Fellow Coetzee, John M. (1940-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1991, FHM Cogan, Jr., John Francis (1926-) Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Cape Election: 2005, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Town Affiliation at election: Pioneer Investment Career description: Naval officer and Residence at election: Cape Town, South Management USA, Inc. engineer; Educator; Academic Africa Residence at election: Boston, MA administrator Career description: Writer (novelist); Career description: Lawyer; Company Educator executive (investment) Cockcroft, John Douglas (1897-1967) Current affiliation: University of Adelaide Current affiliation: Same Election: 1950, FHM Affiliation at election: British Ministry of Coffee, Jr., John Collins (1944-) Coggeshall, George Whitely (1867-1944) Supply Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 1941, Fellow Residence at election: Harwell, England Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: S. D. Warren Career description: Physicist; Educator; University School of Law Company Government agency research Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA administrator Career description: Lawyer; Educator Career description: Chemist; Company Current affiliation: Columbia Law School research administrator Cocke, John (1925-2002) Election: 1986, Fellow Coffin, Frank Morey (1919-2009) Cogswell, Joseph Green (1786-1871) Affiliation at election: IBM T. J. Watson Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1816, Associate Fellow Research Center Affiliation at election: U.S. Court of Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Yorktown Heights, Appeals Residence at election: Cambridge, MA NY Residence at election: Portland, ME Career description: Librarian; Educator Career description: Computer scientist; Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. Company research staff member House of Representatives; Jurist Cohen, Carolyn (1929-2017) Election: 1980, Fellow Cockrell, Ernest H. (1945-) Coffin, John Huntington Crane (1815- Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Election: 2011, Fellow 1890) Residence at election: Waltham, MA Affiliation at election: Cockrell Interests, Election: 1851, Associate Fellow Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Inc.; Cockrell Foundation Affiliation at election: U.S. Navy Residence at election: Houston, TX Residence at election: Washington, DC Cohen, David K. (1935-) Career description: Foundation and Career description: Mathematician; Naval Election: 2013, Fellow company executive officer; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Michigan Coffin, Robert Peter Tristram (1892- Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Codd, Edgar Frank (1923-2003) 1955) Career description: Education specialist; Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1949, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Relational Institute Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: North Miami Beach, Residence at election: Brunswick, ME FL Career description: Writer (poet, essayist); Cohen, Fred E. (1956-) Career description: Computer scientist; Educator Election: 2008, Fellow Company research staff member Affiliation at election: Texas Pacific Coffman, George Raleigh (1880-1958) Group; University of California, San Code, Alan D. (1951-) Election: 1946, Fellow Francisco Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of North Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Affiliation at election: Stanford University Carolina at Chapel Hill Career description: Molecular biologist; Residence at election: Kensington, CA Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Biochemist; Company executive; Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Language and literary Educator Current affiliation: Same scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same

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Cohen, Georges N. (1920-) Cohen, Marshall H. (1926-) Cohen, Stanley (1922-) Election: 1987, FHM Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 1984, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institut Pasteur; Affiliation at election: California Institute Affiliation at election: Vanderbilt Centre National de la Recherche of Technology University Scientifique Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: Nashville, TN Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Astronomer; Educator Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Molecular biologist; Current affiliation: Pasadena, CA Current affiliation: Brentwood, TN Educator; Research institution staff member and administrator Cohen, Marvin Lou (1935-) Cohen, Stanley Norman (1935-) Current affiliation: Institut Pasteur Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stanford University Cohen, I. Bernard (1914-2003) California, Berkeley Residence at election: Stanford, CA Election: 1952, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Geneticist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Stanford School of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Medicine Career description: Historian (science); Educator Cohen, Morris (1911-2005) Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude Nessim Election: 1950, Fellow (1933-) Cohen, Jerome Alan (1930-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1992, FHM Election: 1969, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Collège de France Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Metallurgist; Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: New York University Cohen, Paul Joseph (1934-2007) School of Law Election: 1964, Fellow Cohn, Bernard Samuel (1928-2003) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1998, Fellow Cohen, Joel Ephraim (1944-) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1989, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Chicago Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL University Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: New York, NY Cohen, Ralph (1917-2016) Historian; Educator Career description: Population biologist; Election: 1984, Fellow Applied mathematician; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Cohn, Dorrit (1924-2012) Current affiliation: Same Virginia Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Cohen, Joshua (1951-) Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2002, Fellow scholar; Educator Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Massachusetts scholar; Educator Institute of Technology Cohen, Robert E. (1947-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2015, Fellow Cohn, Edwin Joseph (1892-1953) Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1926, Fellow Philosopher; Educator Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Current affiliation: Stanford University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA School Career description: Chemical engineer; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Cohen, Leonard Norman (1934-2016) Educator Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Election: 2011, FHM Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Montreal, Canada Residence at election: Montreal, Canada Cohen, Saul Gerald (1916-2010) Cohn, Marjorie Benedict (1939-) Career description: Musician (singer, Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow songwriter); Novelist; Poet Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Waltham, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Cohen, Lizabeth (1952-) Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Historian (fine arts); Election: 2012, Fellow Museum curator and administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Cohen, Seymour Stanley (1917-) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Belmont, MA Election: 1963, Fellow Career description: Historian; Academic Affiliation at election: University of administrator; Educator Pennsylvania Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Woods Hole, MA

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 115

Cohn, Melvin (1922-) Colding, Tobias (1963-) Cole, Julian David (1925-1999) Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Biological Studies Institute of Technology California, Los Angeles Residence at election: San Diego, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Applied Microbiologist; Research institution staff Educator mathematician; Educator member Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Cole, Kenneth Stewart (1900-1984) Cole, Arthur Harrison (1889-1974) Election: 1964, Fellow Cohn, Mildred [elected as Mildred Cohn Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Institutes Primakoff] (1913-2009) Affiliation at election: Harvard University of Health Election: 1968, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Biophysicist; Educator; Pennsylvania School of Medicine Librarian Government research scientist and Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA administrator Career description: Biochemist; Educator Cole, Charles Woolsey (1906-1978) Election: 1948, Fellow Cole, Michael (1938-) Cohn, Waldo E. (1910-1999) Affiliation at election: Amherst College Election: 1981, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Residence at election: Amherst, MA Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Oak Ridge National Career description: Historian; Educator; California, San Diego Laboratory Academic administrator Residence at election: San Diego, CA Residence at election: Oak Ridge, TN Career description: Psychologist; Career description: Biochemist; Cole, Henri (1956-) Educator; Academic research institution Government research scientist Election: 2010, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: Ohio State Current affiliation: Same Cohon, Jared Leigh (1947-) University Election: 2012, Fellow Residence at election: Columbus, OH Cole, Robert Hugh (1914-1990) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Mellon Career description: Writer (poet); Election: 1951, Fellow University Educator Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Civil engineer; Career description: Chemist; Educator Governmental advisor; Academic Cole, Johnnetta Betsch (1936-) administrator; Educator Election: 1997, Fellow Cole, Robert Taylor (1905-1991) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Spelman College Election: 1965, Fellow Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Affiliation at election: Duke University Coifman, Ronald Raphael (1941-) Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: Durham, NC Election: 1994, Fellow Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: Yale University Current affiliation: National Museum of Educator; Academic administrator Residence at election: New Haven, CT African Art Career description: Mathematician; Cole, Rufus (1872-1966) Educator Cole, Jonathan J. (1953-) Election: 1921, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Affiliation at election: Cary Institute of for Medical Research Colacurcio, Michael J. (1936-) Ecosystem Studies Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2007, Fellow Residence at election: Millbrook, NY Career description: Physician; Hospital Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Ecologist administrator California, Los Angeles Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Sherman Oaks, CA Cole, Thomas (1779-1852) Career description: Literary scholar; Cole, Jonathan Richard (1942-) Election: 1843, Fellow Educator Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Salem, MA University Career description: Educator; Naturalist Colburn, Warren (1793-1833) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1827, Fellow Career description: Sociologist; Educator; Coleman, James Samuel (1926-1995) Affiliation at election: Merrimac Academic administrator Election: 1966, Fellow Manufacturing Company Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Lowell, MA University Career description: Educator; Company Residence at election: Baltimore, MD executive Career description: Sociologist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 116

Coleman, James Smoot (1919-1985) Coley, Phyllis D. (1952-) Collet, Leon William (1880-1957) Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1929, FHM Affiliation at election: Makerere Affiliation at election: University of Utah Affiliation at election: University of University Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Geneva Residence at election: Kampala, Uganda Career description: Ecologist; Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Career description: Political scientist; Evolutionary biologist; Educator Career description: Geologist; Educator; Research institution Current affiliation: Same Paleontologist; Educator administrator Colgate, Stirling Auchincloss (1925- Collier, Abram Thurlow (1913-2008) Coleman, Lewis W. (1942-) 2013) Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: John Hancock Affiliation at election: Gordon & Betty Affiliation at election: Los Alamos Mutual Life Insurance Company Moore Foundation Scientific Laboratory Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Residence at election: Los Alamos, NM Career description: Lawyer; Company Career description: Company executive Career description: Physicist; Research executive (insurance) (banking and investment); Foundation institution staff member executive Collier, David (1942-) Current affiliation: Los Angeles, CA Colin de Verdiere, Yves (1945-) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 2004, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Coleman, Mary Sue (1943-) Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Election: 2001, Fellow Grenoble Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: University of Iowa Residence at election: Grenoble, France Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Iowa City, IA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Career description: Academic Educator Current affiliation: Same administrator; Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Université Joseph Current affiliation: University of Fourier Collier, Robert John (R. John) (1938-) Michigan Election: 1993, Fellow Collado, Emilio Gabriel (1910-1995) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Coleman, Sidney Richard (1937-2007) Election: 1959, Fellow School Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Standard Oil Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Company of New Jersey Career description: Microbiologist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Biochemist; Educator; Academic Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Economist; administrator Government official; Company executive Current affiliation: Same Coleman, Jr., William Thaddeus (1920- 2017) Collar, William Coe (1833-1916) Collier, Ruth Berins (1942-) Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1889, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: O’Melveny & Myers Affiliation at election: Roxbury Latin Affiliation at election: University of LLP School California, Berkeley Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Lawyer; Government Career description: Academic Career description: Political scientist; agency administrator administrator Educator Current affiliation: Same Coles, James Stacy (1913-1996) Collens, Charles (1873-1956) Election: 1958, Fellow Election: 1933, Fellow Collins, Eduard Albert Christoph Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Affiliation at election: Allen, Collens & Ludwig (“Sir Edward”) (1791-1840) Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Willis, Boston Election: 1834, FHM Career description: Oceanographer; Residence at election: Newton Center, MA Affiliation at election: St. Petersburg, Physical chemist; Educator; Academic Career description: Architect; Company Russia administrator; Foundation executive executive Residence at election: St. Petersburg, Russia Coles, Robert (Martin Robert) (1929-) Coller, Barry Spencer (1945-) Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Educator; School administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Harvard Medical Career description: Physician; Medical School scientist; Educator; Hospital and academic administrator Current affiliation: Same

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Collins, Francis Sellers (1950-) Collman, James Paddock (1932-) Colwell, Rita R. (1934-) Election: 1998, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Human Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: National Science Genome Research Institute Residence at election: Stanford, CA Foundation; University of Maryland Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Arlington, VA Career description: Molecular geneticist; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Government research Research administrator; Educator agency and academic administrator; Current affiliation: BioLogos Foundation Colombo, Giuseppe (1920-1984) Microbiologist; Marine biologist; Election: 1983, Fellow Educator Collins, Frank Shipley (1848-1920) Affiliation at election: University of Padua; Current affiliation: Canon U.S. Life Election: 1901, Fellow Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Sciences, Inc. Affiliation at election: Malden Rubber Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Shoe Company Career description: Mechanical engineer; Colwell, Robert K. (1943-) Residence at election: Malden, MA Space scientist; Educator Election: 2011, Fellow Career description: Botanist; Company Affiliation at election: University of executive Colombo, Umberto (1927-2006) Connecticut Election: 1990, FHM Residence at election: Storrs, CT Collins, James Joseph (1965-) Affiliation at election: Italian National Career description: Ecologist; Election: 2012, Fellow Agency for Nuclear and Alternative Evolutionary biologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Boston University Energy Sources Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Newton, MA Residence at election: Rome, Italy Career description: Bioengineer; Educator Career description: Chemist; Research Colwell, Robert P. (1954-) Current affiliation: Same institution administrator Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Defense Advanced Collins, Judith Marjorie (1939-) Colowick, Sidney Paul (1916-1985) Research Projects Agency Election: 2015, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Residence at election: Portland, OR Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Vanderbilt Career description: Computer Scientist; Residence at election: New York, NY University School of Medicine Engineer; Research institution Career description: Musician (singer, Residence at election: Nashville, TN administrator; Inventor songwriter); Humanitarian Career description: Microbiologist; Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Biochemist; Educator Comaroff, Jean (1946-) Collins, Randall (1941-) Colson, Elizabeth Florence (1917-2016) Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Pennsylvania California, Berkeley Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Sociologist; Educator Career description: Anthropologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Educator Current affiliation: Harvard University

Collins, Samuel Cornette (1898-1984) Colton, Joel (1918-2011) Comaroff, John Lionel (1945-) Election: 1942, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology Foundation; Duke University Chicago Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Chemist; Mechanical Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Anthropologist; engineer; Educator; Company executive; Foundation executive Educator Government research scientist Current affiliation: Harvard University Colton, Timothy J. (1947-) Collip, James Bertram (1892-1965) Election: 2011, Fellow Comer, James Pierpont (1934-) Election: 1952, FHM Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Wellesley, MA Affiliation at election: Yale University Western Ontario Career description: International affairs Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: London, Ontario, scholar; Educator Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Canada Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Academic and research institution administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 118

Comey, Arthur Messinger (1861-1933) Compton, Spencer Joshua Alwyne, Election: 1891, Fellow Marquis of Northampton (1790-1851) Affiliation at election: Tufts University Election: 1846, FHM Residence at election: Somerville, MA Affiliation at election: London, England Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: London, England Company research administrator Career description: Science patron

Commins, Eugene David (1932-2015) Comroe, Jr., Julius Hiram (1911-1984) Election: 1987, Fellow Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley California Medical Center Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Compagnon, Antoine Marcel (1950-) James Bryant Conant, elected 1924. Election: 1997, Fellow Comstock, Ada Louise [Mrs. Wallace Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Affiliation at election: Columbia Notestein] (1876-1973) Conant, James Bryant (1893-1978) University; Université de Paris IV, Election: 1943, Fellow Election: 1924, Fellow Sorbonne Affiliation at election: Radcliffe College Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Literary scholar; Career description: Educator; Academic Career description: Chemist; Educator; Educator administrator Academic administrator Current affiliation: Columbia University Comstock, Cyrus Ballou (1831-1910) Conant, Kenneth John (1894-1984) Compton, Arthur Holly (1892-1962) Election: 1892, Associate Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Army Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chicago Career description: Army officer; Military Career description: Archaeologist; Residence at election: Chicago, IL engineer Historian (architecture); Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator; Academic administrator Comstock, Daniel Frost (1883-1970) Conarroe, Joel Osborne (1934-) Election: 1912, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: John Simon Institute of Technology; Comstock and Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Wescott, Inc., Engineers Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Foundation executive; Career description: Physicist; Engineer; Educator; Literary scholar; Editor Educator; Company executive Current affiliation: New York, NY

Comstock, George Cary (1855-1934) Conaway, Joan W. (1956-) Election: 1913, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stowers Institute for Wisconsin, Madison Medical Research Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Kansas City, MO Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Academic and observatory administrator biologist; Research institution staff Karl Taylor Compton (right), elected 1931, member with Robert Jemison Van de Graaff, elected Current affiliation: Same 1935. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Compton, Karl Taylor (1887-1954) Conaway, Ronald C. (1956-) Election: 1931, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Stowers Institute for Institute of Technology Medical Research Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Kansas City, MO Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Academic administrator biologist; Research institution staff member Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 119

Condon, Edward Uhler (1902-1974) Conley, Tom C. (1943-) Conrades, George Henry (1939-) Election: 1947, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Bureau of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Akamai Standards Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Technologies, Inc. Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Historian; Language Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; scholar; Translator; Educator Career description: Company executive Government official Current affiliation: Same (computer technology and information systems) Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Connell, Joseph Hurd (1923-) Current affiliation: Same Caritat, Marquis de (1743-1794) Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1792, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Constable, William George (1887-1976) Affiliation at election: French Legislative California, Santa Barbara Election: 1946, Fellow Assembly Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Ecologist; Educator Arts, Boston Career description: Mathematician; Social Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA philosopher; Government official Career description: Historian (art); Connes, Alain (1947-) Educator; Museum curator Cone, Edward Toner (1917-2004) Election: 1989, FHM Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Collège de France Constance, Lincoln (1909-2001) Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 1950, Fellow University Career description: Mathematician; Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Educator California, Berkeley Career description: Musician (composer); Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Educator Career description: Botanist; Educator; Connick, Charles Jay (1875-1945) Academic administrator; Herbarium Conklin, Edwin Grant (1863-1952) Election: 1934, Fellow administrator Election: 1914, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newtonville, MA Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Newtonville, MA Constantin, Peter S. (1951-) University Career description: Artist (stained glass) Election: 2010, Fellow Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Biologist; Educator; Connor, Walter Robert (1934-) Chicago Academic administrator Election: 1992, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: National Career description: Mathematician; Conklin, Harold Colyer (1926-2016) Humanities Center Educator Election: 1976, Fellow Residence at election: Research Triangle Current affiliation: Princeton University Affiliation at election: Yale University Park, NC Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Classicist; Educator; Constantine-Paton, Martha (1947-) Career description: Anthropologist; Cultural institution administrator Election: 2013, Fellow Educator Current affiliation: Teagle Foundation, Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Inc. Institute of Technology Conkwright, Pleasant Jefferson (1905- Residence at election: Wellesley Hills, MA 1986) Connors, John M. (1942-) Career description: Neuroscientist; Election: 1959, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Educator; Academic research institution Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Hill, Holliday, scientist University Press Connors, Cosmopoulos Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Artist (typographer, Career description: Company executive Converse, Frederick Shepherd (1871- graphic artist); Educator; Editor Current affiliation: Same 1940) Election: 1921, Fellow Conley, Dalton (1969-) Conquest, Robert (George Robert Affiliation at election: New England Election: 2017, Fellow Acworth) (1917-2015) Conservatory of Music Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 2004, Fellow Residence at election: Westwood, MA University Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Musician (composer); Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Stanford, CA Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Sociologist; Educator Career description: Historian; Research Current affiliation: Same institution staff member; Writer (poet, novelist)

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Converse, Philip Ernest (1928-2014) Cook, Michael Allan (1940-) Cookson, Clive M. (1952-) Election: 1969, Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 2015, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Financial Times Michigan University Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Editor; Journalist; Career description: Social scientist; Career description: Historian; Educator Chemist Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Conway, Gordon Richard (1938-) Cook, Paul Maxwell (1926-) Cooley, Thomas McIntyre (1824-1898) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1990, Fellow Election: 1890, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Affiliation at election: Raychem Affiliation at election: University of Foundation Corporation Michigan Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Menlo Park, CA Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Agricultural scientist; Career description: Chemical engineer; Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Educator; Academic administrator; Company executive (technology) Educator Foundation executive Current affiliation: SRI International Current affiliation: United Kingdom Coolidge, Albert Sprague (1894-1977) Department for International Cook, Stephen A. (1939-) Election: 1956, Fellow Development Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Conway, Jill Ker (1934-) Toronto Career description: Chemist; Physicist; Election: 1991, Fellow Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Educator; Civic activist Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Computer scientist; Institute of Technology Mathematician; Educator Coolidge, Algernon (1830-1912) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Election: 1869, Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Academic administrator Cook, Thomas Dixon (1941-) General Hospital Current affiliation: Lend Lease Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Corporation Affiliation at election: Northwestern Career description: Physician University Conway, John Horton (1937-) Residence at election: Evanston, IL Coolidge, Archibald Cary (1866-1928) Election: 1992, Fellow Career description: Sociologist; Educator Election: 1910, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University University Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Cooke, Josiah Parsons (1827-1894) Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1853, Fellow Library administrator Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Coolidge, Charles Allerton (1858-1936) Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 1918, Fellow Conway, Robert Seymour (1864-1933) Affiliation at election: Coolidge & Election: 1931, FHM Cooke, Richard G. (1946-) Shattuck (Boston) and Coolidge & Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2013, FHM Hodgdon (Chicago) Manchester Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: St. Albans, England Tropical Research Institute Career description: Architect; Company Career description: Philologist; Classicist; Residence at election: Panama City, executive Educator Panama Career description: Archaeologist; Coolidge, Charles Allerton (1894-1987) Conwell, Esther Marly (1922-2014) Government research scientist Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Ropes and Gray Affiliation at election: Xerox Corporation Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Webster, NY Cooks, Robert Graham (1941-) Career description: Lawyer; Government Career description: Physicist; Industrial Election: 2010, Fellow official; Company executive researcher; Research institution Affiliation at election: Purdue University administrator Residence at election: West Lafayette, IN Coolidge, Elizabeth Penn Sprague Career description: Chemist; Educator (1864-1953) Cook, Karen Schweers (1946-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1951, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Arts patron (music) Career description: Sociologist; Educator Current affiliation: Stanford University

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Coolidge, John Phillips (1913-1995) Coonley, Howard (1876-1966) Cooper, Leon Neil (1930-) Election: 1953, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Walworth Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Company Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Historian (art, Residence at election: Milton, MA Career description: Physicist; Neural architecture); Educator; Museum Career description: Manufacturer; scientist; Educator administrator Company executive Current affiliation: Same

Coolidge, Julian Lowell (1873-1954) Coons, Albert Hewett (1912-1978) Cooper, Lynn A. (1947-) Election: 1913, Fellow Election: 1954, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA School; American Heart Association University Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Bacteriologist; Career description: Psychologist; Educator Immunologist; Educator; Foundation Current affiliation: Same Coolidge, William David (1873-1975) research scientist Election: 1915, Fellow Cooper, Max Dale (1933-) Affiliation at election: General Electric Cooper, Frederick (1947-) Election: 1992, Fellow Research Laboratory Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Schenectady, NY Affiliation at election: University of Alabama Career description: Physical chemist; Michigan Residence at election: Birmingham, AL Inventor; Company research Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Physician; administrator Career description: Historian; Educator Immunologist; Educator Current affiliation: New York University Current affiliation: Emory University Coombs, Clyde Hamilton (1912-1988) Election: 1977, Fellow Cooper, Gustav Arthur (1902-2000) Cooper, Richard Newell (1934-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1960, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Michigan Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Institution Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Psychologist; Educator Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Paleobiologist; Academic and government administrator Coon, Carleton Stevens (1904-1981) Museum curator Current affiliation: Harvard University Election: 1943, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Cooper, John Cobb (1887-1967) Cooper, Samuel (1725-1783) Residence at election: Wakefield, MA Election: 1949, Fellow Election: 1780, Fellow Career description: Anthropologist; Affiliation at election: Institute for Affiliation at election: Brattle Street Educator; Museum curator Advanced Study; International Air Church, Boston Transport Association Residence at election: Boston, MA Coon, Minor Jesser (1921-) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Clergy member Election: 1984, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Company Affiliation at election: University of executive; Educator Cooter, Robert D. (1945-) Michigan Election: 1999, Fellow Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Cooper, John Madison (1939-) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Biological chemist; Election: 2001, Fellow California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Educator Affiliation at election: Princeton Law Current affiliation: University of University Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Michigan Medical School Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Law and economics Career description: Philosopher; Educator scholar; Educator Cooney, Joan Ganz (1929-) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 1989, Fellow Affiliation at election: Children’s Cooper, Kenneth Willard (1912-2007) Coover, Robert (1932-) Television Workshop Election: 1962, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Dartmouth Medical Affiliation at election: Brown University Career description: Broadcast executive; School Residence at election: Providence, RI Writer Residence at election: Hanover, NH Career description: Writer (novelist, short Current affiliation: Sesame Workshop Career description: Cytogeneticist; story writer, playwright); Educator Entomologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

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Cope, Arthur Clay (1909-1966) Corbato, Fernando Jose (1926-) Election: 1945, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Chemist; Educator; Career description: Computer scientist; Academic administrator Educator Current affiliation: Same Cope, Oliver (1902-1994) Election: 1950, Fellow Cordell, Linda S. (1943-2013) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 2008, Fellow School; Massachusetts General Hospital Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Colorado Career description: Surgeon; Educator Residence at election: Santa Fe, NM Aaron Copland, elected 1951. Image donated by Corbis- Career description: Anthropologist; Copeland, Charles Townsend (1860- Bettmann Educator 1952) Copland, Aaron (1900-1990) Election: 1929, Fellow Election: 1951, Fellow Cordiner, Ralph Jarron (1900-1973) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 1958, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: General Electric Career description: Literary scholar; Career description: Musician (composer); Company Educator Educator; Foundation executive Residence at election: Stamford, CT Career description: Industrialist; Company Copeland, Manton (1881-1971) Copley, John Singleton (1738-1815) executive Election: 1923, Fellow Election: 1791, FHM Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Affiliation at election: London, England Córdova, France A. (1947-) Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Residence at election: London, England Election: 2008, Fellow Career description: Biologist; Educator Career description: Artist (painter) Affiliation at election: Purdue University Residence at election: West Lafayette, IN Copeland, Melvin Thomas (1884-1975) Coppersmith, Susan N. (1957-) Career description: Academic Election: 1931, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow administrator; Astrophysicist Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: National Science Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Wisconsin, Madison Foundation Career description: Management expert; Residence at election: Madison, WI Educator; Research administrator Career description: Physicist; Educator Corey, David Paul (1951-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2011, Fellow Copenhaver, Brian P. (1942-) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1999, Fellow Coppi, Bruno (1935-) School Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1976, Fellow Residence at election: Newton, MA California, Los Angeles Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Neurobiologist; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Institute of Technology Educator Career description: Historian; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Philosopher; Educator; Academic Career description: Physicist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Corey, Elias James (1928-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1960, Fellow Coppola, Francis Ford (1939-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2010, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: American Zoetrope; Career description: Chemist; Educator Francis Ford Coppola Presents, LLC Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Rutherford, CA Career description: Film director; Corey, Lawrence (1947-) Producer Election: 2012, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington Residence at election: Mercer Island, WA Career description: Virologist; Research institution administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same

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Cori, Carl Ferdinand (1896-1984) Cornish, John M. (1947-) Corvol, Pierre (1941-) Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1998, FHM Affiliation at election: Washington Affiliation at election: Choate Hall & Affiliation at election: Collège de France University Stewart, LLP Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician; Medical Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Career description: Lawyer scientist; Educator Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Cori, Gerty Theresa (1896-1957) Cornish, Leslie Colby (1854-1925) Cory, Suzanne (1942-) Election: 1953, Fellow Election: 1923, Fellow Election: 2001, FHM Affiliation at election: Washington Affiliation at election: Maine Supreme Affiliation at election: Walter and Eliza University Judicial Court Hall Institute of Medical Research; Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Residence at election: Augusta, ME University of Melbourne Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Residence at election: Victoria, Australia Government official Career description: Molecular biologist; Cormack, Allan MacLeod (1924-1998) Immunologist; Research institution Election: 1980, Fellow Cornu, Marie Alfred (1841-1902) administrator; Educator Affiliation at election: Tufts University Election: 1895, FHM Current affiliation: Walter and Eliza Hall Residence at election: Medford, MA Affiliation at election: Ecole Polytechnique Institute of Medical Research Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Physicist; Educator Coryell, Charles DuBois (1912-1971) Cornell, Eric Allin (1961-) Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Correa, Charles Mark (1930-2015) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: National Institute Election: 1993, FHM Institute of Technology for Standards and Technology; JILA; Affiliation at election: Bombay, India Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University of Colorado, Boulder Residence at election: Bombay, India Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Boulder, CO Career description: Architect and planner Career description: Physicist; Academic Cosby, Jr., William H. (1937-) research institution and government Correa de Serra, Jose Francisco (1750- Election: 1994, Fellow research agency staff member; Educator 1823) Affiliation at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Election: 1815, FHM Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Lisbon, Portugal Career description: Comedian; Actor; Corner, George Washington (1889-1981) Residence at election: Lisbon, Portugal Writer (memoirist); Television producer; Election: 1961, Fellow Career description: Diplomat; Musician; Activist; Educator Affiliation at election: American Government official; Botanist; Naturalist Current affiliation: Same Philosophical Society Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Corrigan, E. Gerald (Edward Gerald) Coser, Lewis Alfred (1913-2003) Career description: Anatomist; Historian (1941-) Election: 1982, Fellow (medicine); Educator; Learned society Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: State University of administrator Affiliation at election: Goldman Sachs and New York at Stony Brook Company Residence at election: Stony Brook, NY Cornforth, John Warcup (1917-2013) Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Sociologist; Educator Election: 1973, FHM Career description: Banker; Government Affiliation at election: Shell Research, Ltd. official; Company executive (investment) Cosio Villegas, Daniel (1898-1976) Residence at election: Kent, England Current affiliation: Same Election: 1944, FHM Career description: Chemist; Research Affiliation at election: Mexico institution staff member and Corrsin, Stanley (1920-1986) Residence at election: Mexico administrator Election: 1963, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Government official; Diplomat; Academic Corngold, Stanley A. (1934-) University administrator Election: 2011, Fellow Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Affiliation at election: Princeton Career description: Mechanical and Costello, Bonnie (1950-) University biomedical engineer; Educator Election: 2002, Fellow Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: Boston University Career description: Literary scholar; Corson, Dale Raymond (1914-2012) Residence at election: Boston, MA Educator Election: 1969, Fellow Career description: Language and literary Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Cornell University scholar; Educator Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physicist; Educator; Academic administrator

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Cotran, Ramzi Suliman (1932-2000) Couch, William Terry (1901-1988) Court, Donald Lee (1943-) Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1950, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brigham and Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: National Cancer Women’s Hospital; Harvard Medical Chicago Press Institute at Frederick School Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Frederick, MD Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Editor; Company Career description: Molecular geneticist; Career description: Pathologist; Educator executive Research institution scientist Current affiliation: Same Cotsen, Lloyd (1929-2017) Coughlin, Shaun Robert (1954-) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Court de Gebelin, Antoine (1725-1784) Affiliation at election: Cotsen Corporation Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1781, FHM Residence at election: Beverly Hills, CA California, San Francisco Affiliation at election: Paris, France Career description: Foundation executive Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Philologist; Cott, Nancy F. (1945-) Medical scientist; Educator; Academic Mythologist; Clergy member; Author Election: 2008, Fellow research agency administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Courtenay, Edward Henry (1803-1853) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1841, Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator Coulson, Charles Alfred (1910-1974) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Election: 1963, FHM Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Career description: Mathematician; Cotter, Holland (1947-) Residence at election: Oxford, England Engineer; Educator Election: 2015, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Affiliation at election: The New York Mathematician; Philosopher; Educator Courtenay, William J. (1935-) Times Election: 1996, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Coulter, John Merle (1851-1928) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Writer (art critic) Election: 1898, Associate Fellow Wisconsin, Madison Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Madison, WI Chicago Career description: Historian; Educator Cotting, Benjamin Eddy (1812-1897) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Current affiliation: Same Election: 1853, Fellow Career description: Botanist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Lowell Institute Academic administrator Cousens, John Albert (1874-1937) Residence at election: Roxbury, MA Election: 1932, Fellow Career description: Physician; Academic Councilman, William Thomas (1854- Affiliation at election: Tufts College administrator 1933) Residence at election: Medford, MA Election: 1895, Fellow Career description: Academic Cotton, Frank Albert (1930-2007) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical administrator; Banker Election: 1962, Fellow School Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Boston, MA Cousin, Victor (1792-1867) Institute of Technology Career description: Pathologist; Educator Election: 1855, FHM Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Paris, France Career description: Chemist; Educator Cournand, Andre Frederic (1895-1988) Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 1975, Fellow Career description: Philosopher; Educator; Cottrell, Alan Howard (1919-2012) Affiliation at election: Columbia Government official Election: 1960, FHM University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Cover, Robert Melvin (1943-1986) Cambridge Career description: Physician; Educator Election: 1986, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, England Affiliation at election: Yale University Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; Courrier, Robert Marie Jules Constant Residence at election: New Haven, CT Academic administrator (1895-1987) Career description: Lawyer; Educator Election: 1956, FHM Cotzias, George Constantin (1918-1977) Affiliation at election: Collège de France Cover, Thomas M. (1938-2012) Election: 1970, Fellow Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Career description: Endocrinologist; Affiliation at election: Stanford University National Laboratory Educator Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Upton, NY Career description: Electrical engineer; Career description: Physician; Educator; Educator Research institution administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 125

Cowan, Geoffrey (1942-) Cox, Allan Verne (1926-1987) Coyle, Joseph Thomas (1943-) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stanford University; Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Southern California U.S. Geological Survey School Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Academic and Career description: Geophysicist; Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator government agency administrator; Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Educator; Lawyer; Writer (playwright, non-fiction writer); Producer Cox, Archibald (1912-2004) Coyne, Jerry Allen (1949-) Current affiliation: University of Southern Election: 1955, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow California; Annenberg Foundation Trust Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of at Sunnylands Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chicago Career description: Lawyer; Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL Cowan, George Arthur (1920-2012) Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Election: 1997, Fellow Cox, David Roxbee (1924-) Geneticist; Educator Affiliation at election: Santa Fe Institute Election: 1974, FHM Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Santa Fe, NM Affiliation at election: Imperial College of Career description: Chemist; Research Science and Technology, University of Cozzarelli, Nicholas R. (1938-2006) institution administrator London Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: University of Cowan, William Maxwell (1931-2002) Career description: Statistician; Educator California, Berkeley Election: 1976, Fellow Current affiliation: University of Oxford Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Washington Career description: Molecular biologist; University in St. Louis School of Medicine Cox, Gardner (1906-1988) Educator Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Neurobiologist; Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Crabtree, George William (1944-) Educator; Research institution Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2011, Fellow administrator Career description: Artist (painter) Affiliation at election: Argonne National Laboratory; University of Illinois at Cowen, Scott Stephen (1946-) Cox, Gary Walter (1955-) Chicago Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Tulane University Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Physicist; Research Residence at election: New Orleans, LA California, San Diego institution administrator Career description: Management expert; Residence at election: San Diego, CA Current affiliation: Same Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Crabtree, Robert Howard (1948-) Current affiliation: Stanford University Election: 2011, Fellow Cowen, Zelman (1919-2011) Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1965, FHM Cox, Jr., Harvey Gallagher (1929-) Residence at election: Bethany, CT Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2010, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator Melbourne Affiliation at election: Harvard Divinity Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Melbourne, School Australia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Crafts, James Mason (1839-1917) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Theologian; Educator Election: 1867, Fellow Governor-General of Australia Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Cowgill, Warren Crawford (1929-1985) Coxeter, Harold Scott MacDonald Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 1980, Fellow (1907-2003) Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1990, FHM Craig, Elizabeth Anne (1946-) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2000, Fellow Career description: Linguist; Educator Toronto Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Wisconsin, Madison Cowley, Malcolm (1898-1989) Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Madison, WI Election: 1963, Fellow Educator Career description: Biomolecular chemist; Affiliation at election: Sherman, CT Educator Residence at election: Sherman, CT Current affiliation: Same Career description: Writer (poet, essayist, literary critic); Editor; Translator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 126

Craig, Jr., George Brownlee (1930-1995) Craik, Fergus I.M. (1935-) Cranch, Richard (1726-1811) Election: 1970, Fellow Election: 2016, FHM Election: 1781, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Notre Affiliation at election: Rotman Research Affiliation at election: Braintree, MA Dame Institute; University of Toronto Residence at election: Braintree, MA Residence at election: Notre Dame, IN Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Career description: Businessperson; Jurist; Career description: Entomologist; Career description: Cognitive Public official Educator psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Cranch, William (1769-1855) Craig, Gordon Alexander (1913-2005) Election: 1809, Associate Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Cram, Donald James (1919-2001) Affiliation at election: District of Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1967, Fellow Columbia Circuit Court Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Historian; Educator California, Los Angeles Career description: Jurist Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Craig, Harmon Bushnell (1926-2003) Career description: Chemist; Educator Crandall, Michael G. (1940-) Election: 1976, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Cram, Ralph Adams (1863-1942) Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Election: 1917, Fellow California, Santa Barbara Residence at election: San Diego, CA Affiliation at election: Cram and Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Career description: Geochemist; Ferguson, Architects; Princeton Career description: Mathematician; Oceanographer; Educator; Research University Educator institution staff member Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Architect; Company Craig, Lyman Creighton (1906-1974) executive; Educator Crandall, Stephen Harry (1920-2013) Election: 1961, Fellow Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Cramer, Charles (1799-1879) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts for Medical Research Election: 1840, Associate Fellow Institute of Technology Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: St. Petersburg, Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Chemist; Russia Career description: Mechanical engineer; Pharmacologist; Educator Residence at election: St. Petersburg, Educator Russia Craig, Nancy L. (1952-) Career description: Mineralogist; Crane, Horace Richard (1907-2007) Election: 2007, Fellow Collector; Traveler Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Affiliation at election: University of University Cramer, Harald (1893-1985) Michigan Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 1961, FHM Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Molecular biologist; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Physicist; Educator Biochemist; Educator Stockholm Current affiliation: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Crane, Peter Robert (1954-) University School of Medicine Career description: Mathematician; Election: 2008, Fellow Educator; Academic administrator Affiliation at election: University of Craighill, William Price (1833-1909) Chicago Election: 1895, Associate Fellow Cramton, Roger Conant (1929-2017) Residence at election: Oak Park, IL Affiliation at election: U.S. Army Election: 1977, Fellow Career description: Geophysicist; Educator Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Affiliation at election: Cornell University Current affiliation: Same Career description: Army officer; Military Law School engineer Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Crane, Robert Treat (1880-1962) Career description: Lawyer; Educator Election: 1933, Fellow Craik, Charles S. (1954-) Affiliation at election: Social Science Election: 2017, Fellow Cranch, John (1751-1821) Research Council Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1791, FHM Residence at election: New York, NY California, San Francisco Affiliation at election: London, England Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Residence at election: London, England Educator; Research organization Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Career description: Artist (painter) administrator biologist; Company founder; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 127

Crane, Ronald Salmon (1886-1967) Crawford, John Grenfell (1910-1984) Cresswell, Peter (1945-) Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 1977, FHM Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Australian National Affiliation at election: Yale University Chicago University School of Medicine; Howard Hughes Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Canberra, Australia Medical Institute Career description: Literary critic; Career description: Economist; Residence at election: New Haven, CT Educator; Academic administrator Government official; Academic Career description: Immunologist; administrator Educator Cranston, Maurice William (1920-1993) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1970, FHM Crawford, Richard Arthur (1935-) Affiliation at election: London School of Election: 1995, Fellow Crew, Henry (1859-1953) Economics and Political Science Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1913, Fellow Residence at election: London, England Michigan Affiliation at election: Northwestern Career description: Philosopher; Political Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI University scientist; Educator Career description: Musicologist; Educator Residence at election: Evanston, IL Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physicist; Educator Cravatt III, Benjamin F. (1970-) Election: 2016, Fellow Crawford, Thomas (1813-1857) Crewe, Albert Victor (1927-2009) Affiliation at election: Scripps Research Election: 1855, Associate Fellow Election: 1972, Fellow Institute Affiliation at election: Rome, Italy Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Residence at election: Rome, Italy Chicago Career description: Biochemist; Research Career description: Artist (sculptor) Residence at election: Chicago, IL institution scientist Career description: Physicist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Crawford, Vincent Paul (1950-) Academic administrator Election: 2003, Fellow Craven, Wesley Frank (1905-1981) Affiliation at election: University of Crews, David Pafford (1947-) Election: 1978, Fellow California, San Diego Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Affiliation at election: University of Texas University Career description: Economist; Educator at Austin Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Austin, TX Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Zoologist; Behavioral Creeley, Robert (1926-2005) biologist; Educator Crawford, Jr., Bryce Low (1914-2011) Election: 2003, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: State University of Affiliation at election: University of New York at Buffalo Crews, Frederick Campbell (1933-) Minnesota Residence at election: Buffalo, NY Election: 1991, Fellow Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Career description: Writer (poet); Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Chemist; Educator; Educator California, Berkeley Academic administrator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Cremin, Lawrence Arthur (1925-1990) Career description: Literary scholar; Crawford, Franzo Hazlett (1900-1988) Election: 1972, Fellow Educator Election: 1934, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University University Teachers College Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916- Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Historian; Education 2004) specialist; Educator; Academic Election: 1962, FHM Crawford, James Pyle Wickersham administrator; Foundation executive Affiliation at election: University of (1882-1939) Cambridge Election: 1938, Fellow Cremona, Luigi (Antonio Luigi Residence at election: Cambridge, England Affiliation at election: University of Gaudienzo Giuseppe) (1830-1903) Career description: Biophysicist; Pennsylvania Election: 1902, FHM Researcher; Educator Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Affiliation at election: University of Rome Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Rome, Italy Crider, John Henshaw (1906-1966) scholar; Educator; Academic Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1952, Fellow administrator Educator; Government official Affiliation at election: CBS, Boston Residence at election: Lincoln, MA Career description: Journalist; Editor

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 128

Crighton, David George (1942-2000) Cromwell, Adelaide M. [elected as A. C. Crosby, Sumner McKnight (1909-1982) Election: 1998, FHM Hill; listed as A. C. Gulliver, 1973-1993] Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of (1919-) Affiliation at election: International Cambridge Election: 1973, Fellow Center of Medieval Art Residence at election: Cambridge, England Affiliation at election: Boston University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Applied Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Historian (art); mathematician; Educator; Academic Career description: Sociologist; Educator Educator; Museum administrator administrator Current affiliation: Same Crosby, William Otis (1850-1925) Crim, F. Fleming (1947-) Cronbach, Lee Joseph (1916-2001) Election: 1881, Fellow Election: 1998, Fellow Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology; Boston Society of Wisconsin, Madison Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Natural History Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Urbana, IL Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Career description: Geologist; Engineer; Current affiliation: University of Educator Wisconsin, Madison; NSF Cronin, James Watson (1931-) Election: 1967, Fellow Cross, Charles Robert (1848-1921) Croce, Arlene Louise (1934-) Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1877, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: The New Yorker Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Institute of Technology Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Editor; Critic; Author Current affiliation: University of Chicago Career description: Physicist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Academic research institution Cronkite, Walter (1916-2009) administrator Croce, Benedetto (1866-1952) Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1928, FHM Affiliation at election: CBS, Inc. Cross, Jr., Frank Moore (1921-2012) Affiliation at election: La Critica Residence at election: Washington, DC Election: 1961, Fellow Residence at election: Naples, Italy Career description: Broadcast journalist Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Philosopher; Educator; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Government official Cronon, William J. (1954-) Career description: Language and literary Election: 2006, Fellow scholar; Educator; Museum administrator Croce, Carlo M. (1944-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2010, Fellow Wisconsin, Madison Cross, Hardy (1885-1959) Affiliation at election: Ohio State Residence at election: Madison, WI Election: 1945, Fellow University Career description: Historian; Geographer; Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Columbus, OH Educator Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Geneticist; Molecular Current affiliation: Same Career description: Civil engineer; Biologist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Cropper, Elizabeth (1944-) Election: 1993, Fellow Cross, Paul Clifford (1907-1978) Croll, Morris William (1872-1947) Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Election: 1947, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow University Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Providence, RI University Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Educator; Academic research institution Academic administrator Career description: Language and literary administrator scholar; Educator Current affiliation: National Gallery of Art Cross, Samuel Hazzard (1891-1946) Election: 1931, Fellow Crompton, Alfred Walter (1927-) Crosby, Alfred Worcester (1931-2018) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1969, Fellow Election: 1995, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: University of Texas Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: New Haven, CT at Austin scholar; Educator; Editor Career description: Vertebrate Residence at election: Austin, TX paleontologist; Educator; Museum Career description: Historian; Educator Crothers, Donald Morris (1937-2014) administrator Election: 1986, Fellow Current affiliation: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Chemist; Biophysicist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 129

Crothers, Samuel McChord (1857-1927) Crown, Lester (1925-) Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1934-) Election: 1913, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: First Parish Affiliation at election: Material Service Affiliation at election: University of Unitarian Church Corporation Chicago Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Clergy member; Career description: Company executive Career description: Behavioral scientist; Writer (essayist) Current affiliation: Henry Crown & Educator Company Current affiliation: Claremont Graduate Crouch, Stanley (1945-) University Election: 2009, Fellow Crowther, Geoffrey (1907-1972) Affiliation at election: New York Daily Election: 1952, FHM Cuatrecasas, Pedro Martin (1936-) News Affiliation at election: Economist Election: 1988, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: Glaxo Career description: Writer (columnist, Career description: Economist; Journalist; Pharmaceutical Corporation essayist, music critic, novelist, television Editor; Company executive Residence at election: Research Triangle commentator); Music organization Park, NC advisor (jazz) Crozier, Michel (1922-2013) Career description: Biochemist; Company Current affiliation: Same Election: 1969, FHM executive (pharmaceuticals) Affiliation at election: Centre National de Current affiliation: University of Crow, James Franklin (1916-2012) la Recherche Scientifique; Groupe de California, San Diego Election: 1966, Fellow Sociologie des Organisations Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Paris, France Culicover, Peter W. (1945-) Wisconsin, Madison Career description: Sociologist; Educator Election: 2011, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI Affiliation at election: Ohio State Career description: Geneticist; Educator Crozier, William John (1892-1955) University Election: 1927, Fellow Residence at election: Columbus, OH Crow, Thomas Eugene (1948-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Linguist; Educator Election: 2001, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Getty Research Career description: Zoologist; Institute Physiologist; Educator Culler, Arthur Dwight (1917-2006) Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Election: 1986, Fellow Career description: Historian (art); Crum, William Leonard (1894-1967) Affiliation at election: Yale University Educator; Research institution Election: 1931, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Language and literary Current affiliation: New York University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA scholar; Educator Institute of Fine Arts Career description: Economist; Mathematician; Educator Culler, Jonathan Dwight (1944-) Crowell, John Chambers (1917-2015) Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1980, Fellow Crumb, George Henry (1929-) Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1985, Fellow Residence at election: Ithaca, NY California, Santa Barbara Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Pennsylvania scholar; Educator Career description: Geologist; Educator Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Musician (composer); Crown, James S. (1954-) Educator Cullman, Lewis B. (1919-) Election: 2009, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Henry Crown and Affiliation at election: Cullman Ventures, Company Crutzen, Paul Josef (1933-) Inc. Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1986, FHM Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Company executive Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut Career description: Company executive (investments); Trustee (academic für Chemie Current affiliation: Same institution, museum, orchestra) Residence at election: Mainz, Germany Current affiliation: Same Career description: Atmospheric chemist; Cullum, George Washington (1809- Research agency administrator 1892) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1885, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Army Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Army officer; Engineer

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 130

Culver, David M. (1924-2017) Cunningham, Henry Winchester (1860- Curley, Edwin Munson (1937-) Election: 2001, FHM 1930) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: CAI Capital Election: 1925, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Corporation Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Illinois at Chicago Residence at election: Montreal, Quebec, Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Chicago, IL Canada Career description: Historian; Genealogist Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Company executive Current affiliation: University of Cunningham, Imogen (1883-1976) Michigan Cumings, Bruce (1943-) Election: 1967, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: San Francisco, CA Curran, Charles E. (1934-) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Election: 2010, Fellow Chicago Career description: Artist (photographer) Affiliation at election: Southern Methodist Residence at election: Chicago, IL University Career description: Historian; Educator Cunningham, Merce (1919-2009) Residence at election: Dallas, TX Current affiliation: Same Election: 1979, Fellow Career description: Theologian; Educator Affiliation at election: Merce Cunningham Current affiliation: Same Cummings, John (1812-1898) Dance Company Election: 1881, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Curran, James W. (1944-) Affiliation at election: Shawmut National Career description: Dancer; Election: 2015, Fellow Bank Choreographer Affiliation at election: Emory University Residence at election: Woburn, MA Rollins School of Public Health Career description: Company executive; Cunningham, Michael (1952-) Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Nonprofit institution administrator; Election: 2003, Fellow Career description: Academic Supporter of science education Affiliation at election: Brooklyn College administrator; Epidemiologist; Residence at election: Brooklyn, NY Government institution scientist; Public Cummings, Ralph Waldo (1911-2001) Career description: Writer (fiction writer); health and policy expert Election: 1976, Fellow Educator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: International Crops Current affiliation: Yale University Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Curran, Stuart (1940-) Tropics Cunningham, William James (1875- Election: 2010, Fellow Residence at election: Hyderabad, India 1962) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Soil scientist; Election: 1932, Fellow Pennsylvania Educator; Agricultural research and Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: New York, NY development agency administrator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary Career description: Economist; Educator scholar; Educator Cummins, Christopher C. (1966-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2008, Fellow Cuno, James (1951-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2001, Fellow Curran, Tom (1956-) Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2012, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Perelman School of Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Historian (art); Medicine at the University of Current affiliation: Same Museum administrator; Educator Pennsylvania Current affiliation: J. Paul Getty Trust Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Cummins, Herman Zachary (1933-2010) Career description: Pathologist; Research Election: 2001, Fellow Curl, Robert F. (1933-) institution scientist; Educator Affiliation at election: City College of New Election: 1998, Fellow Current affiliation: Same York Affiliation at election: Rice University Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Houston, TX Currie, David Park (1936-2007) Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 1985, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Cummins, Thomas B.F. (1952-) Chicago Law School Election: 2015, Fellow Curle, Adam (Charles Thomas William Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Harvard University Adam) (1916-2006) Career description: Lawyer; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1967, Fellow Career description: Historian (art); Affiliation at election: Harvard University Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Social psychologist; Educator; Peace and conflict studies expert

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 131

Currie, Janet M. (1960-) Curtius, Ernst (1814-1896) Cushman, Joseph Augustine (1881-1949) Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 1876, FHM Election: 1917, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: University of Berlin Affiliation at election: Boston Society of University Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Natural History Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Archaeologist; Residence at election: Sharon, MA Career description: Economist; Editor; Educator Career description: Micropaleontologist; Educator Curator (natural history) Current affiliation: Same Curtius, Georg (1820-1885) Election: 1879, FHM Cushman, Robert Eugene (1889-1969) Currie, Malcolm Roderick (1927-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 1990, Fellow Leipzig Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: Hughes Aircraft Residence at election: Leipzig, Germany Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Company Career description: Language scholar; Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Educator Educator Career description: Engineer; Company research administrator; Company Cushing, Caleb (1800-1879) Cutler, David (1965-) executive (aerospace); Government Election: 1823, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: Newburyport, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Newburyport, MA Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Lawyer; Legislator; Career description: Economist; Educator Curti, Merle Eugene (1897-1996) U.S. Attorney General; Diplomat Current affiliation: Same Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Cushing, Harvey Williams (1869-1939) Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson (1831-1870) Wisconsin, Madison Election: 1914, Fellow Election: 1870, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Historian; Educator School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Language and literary Curtin, Philip DeArmond (1922-2009) Career description: Neurological surgeon; scholar; Educator Election: 1975, Fellow Educator; Hospital administrator Affiliation at election: University of Cutler, Elliott Carr (1888-1947) Wisconsin, Madison Cushing, Nathan (1742-1812) Election: 1932, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Historian; Educator Affiliation at election: State of School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Massachusetts Executive Council Residence at election: Brookline, MA Curtis, Benjamin Robbins (1809-1874) Residence at election: Scituate, MA Career description: Surgeon; Educator; Election: 1854, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Public official; Hospital administrator Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Jurist the United States Cutler, Lloyd Norton (1917-2005) Residence at election: Boston, MA Cushing, Richard James Cardinal (1895- Election: 1988, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. 1970) Affiliation at election: Wilmer, Cutler & Supreme Court) Election: 1965, Fellow Pickering Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Washington, DC Curtis, Charles Pelham (1891-1959) Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer Election: 1954, Fellow Career description: Clergy member Affiliation at election: Choate, Hall and Cutler, Manasseh (1742-1823) Stewart Cushing, Thomas (1725-1788) Election: 1781, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Ipswich Hamlet Career description: Lawyer Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Church Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Ipswich, MA Curtis, Moses Ashley (1808-1872) Career description: Merchant; Member, Career description: Clergy member; Election: 1855, Associate Fellow Continental Congress Legislator; Member, U.S. House of Affiliation at election: Society Hill, SC Representatives; Organizer of western Residence at election: Society Hill, SC Cushing, William (1732-1810) territories; Career description: Botanist; Clergy Election: 1780, Fellow Botanist member Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Superior Court Residence at election: Scituate, MA Career description: Jurist (U.S. Supreme Court)

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 132

Cutler, Robert (1895-1974) Cutter, Richard Ammi (1902-1993) Cuvier (Baron), Georges Leopold Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 1957, Fellow Christian Frederic Dagobert (1769-1832) Affiliation at election: Old Colony Trust Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1822, FHM Company Supreme Judicial Court Affiliation at election: Collège de France; Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Jardin des Plantes Career description: Banker; Lawyer; Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Residence at election: France Government official Career description: Zoologist; Paleontologist; Educator; Government official

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 133