LAND AT WOODS MILL GLOSSOP

HERITAGE APPRAISAL

Kathryn Sather & Associates Heritage Conservation Consultants

July 2014

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Contact Addresses

Heritage Conservation Consultants: Kathryn Sather & Associates Heritage Conservation Consultants 87 Oldfield Road Altrincham, WA14 4BL Tel: 0161 941 1414 [email protected]

Architects: Calderpeel Architects Market Court 22-24 Church Street Altrincham WA14 4DW 0161 929 7622

Planning Consultants: Chris Smith Plan A 07968774128

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 2

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1 Introduction ...... 5 Section 2 Description of the Site and Structures ...... 6 2.1 Location ...... 6 2.2 The Site ...... 6 2.3 Structure One ...... 7 2.3.1 Plan and Form ...... 7 2.3.2 Exterior ...... 7 2.4 Structure Two ...... 11 2.4.1 Plan and Form ...... 11 2.4.2 Exterior ...... 11 2.5 Structure Three ...... 13 2.5.1 Plan and Form ...... 13 2.5.2 Exterior ...... 13 2.6 Structure Four ...... 14 2.6.1 Plan and Form ...... 14 2.6.2 Exterior ...... 14 2.7 Structure Five ...... 17 2.7.1 Plan and Form ...... 17 2.7.2 Exterior ...... 17 2.8 Structure Six ...... 19 2.8.1 Plan and Form ...... 19 2.8.2 Exterior ...... 19 2.9 Trees ...... 19 Section 3 History ...... 20 3.1 History and Development of Glossop ...... 20 3.2 History of the Woods Mill Site ...... 23 3.2.1 The Development of the Proposal Site ...... 24 Section 4 Significance of the Building ...... 29 4.1 Significance of the Woods Mill Site ...... 29 4.1.1 Historical: Illustrative Value ...... 29 4.1.2 Historical: Associative Value ...... 29 4.1.3 Evidential Value ...... 29 4.1.4 Communal: Social Value ...... 30 4.1.5 Aesthetic: Design Value ...... 30 4.1.6 Summary ...... 30 Section 5 Character of the Conservation Area ...... 31 5.1 The Howard Town Conservation Area ...... 31 5.2 Contribution to the Character of the Conservation Area ...... 32 Section 6 Planning Guidance and Proposed Works ...... 34 6.1 Planning Guidance for New Development within the Conservation Area ...... 34 6.2 Description of Proposed Works ...... 37 6.2.1 The Site Layout ...... 37 6.2.2 Demolition ...... 37 6.2.3 New Development ...... 37 6.3 Heritage Impact Assessment Table ...... 41 Section 7 Conclusions ...... 47

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 3

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

7.1 History, Development and Usage ...... 47 7.2 Significance of the Existing Buildings ...... 47 7.3 The Proposed Works ...... 47 7.3.1 Demolition ...... 47 7.3.2 The Proposed Development ...... 48 7.3.3 Retention and Enhancement of Existing Positive Elements ...... 48 7.3.4 Design and Materials of the Proposed New Development ...... 48 7.4 Heritage Asset Considerations ...... 48 7.4.1 National Planning Policy Framework Guidance ...... 48 7.4.2 Affects of the New Development on the Character of the Conservation Area ...... 48 7.4.3 Visual Impact of the Proposed New Development on Significant Views ...... 49 7.5 Benefits of the Proposed Development ...... 49 7.5.1 New Development will Enhance the Environment ...... 49 7.5.2 New Development will Contribute to the Economic Regeneration of the Area ...... 49 7.5.3 Controlled and Positive Management of Change ...... 49 Section 8 Sources ...... 50

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 4

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 1 Introduction

This Heritage Appraisal accompanies the application for the proposed re-development of the Woods Mill Site, Glossop, . The site is situated within the Howard Town Conservation Area. It is proposed that all of the buildings on the site be demolished, with the exception of an existing two storey retail unit at the far western end of the site. All of the buildings proposed for demolition which are not 20th century structures are in a very poor condition, and some have already been partly demolished. The poor condition of the historic buildings diminishes the positive effect that they may have had on the character of the conservation area. The proposed redevelopment of the site includes the construction of three new retail units with associated car parking spaces, 49 dwellings with associated garages, car parking, access roads and landscaping. Two new access points to the site are proposed. New footpaths and pedestrian links will also be created, including a new public footpath along Glossop Brook. The retail development is located on the western section of the site to complement the existing retail units adjacent to this location. The residential development is located on the eastern and southern sections of the site.

This Heritage Appraisal has been prepared in accordance with the NPPF. It has been prepared by Kathryn Sather & Associates, Heritage Conservation Consultants. This Heritage Appraisal aims to provide sufficient information specific to the proposal site and its immediate surroundings. To this end the statement provides a summary of the history and development of the town, the history of the site and a description of the Woods Mill buildings. The Appraisal also describes the proposed works, sets out the desirability of the proposed works and assesses the impact of the new development upon the character of the Conservation Area.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 5

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 2 Description of the Site and Structures Below is a brief description of the structures on the proposed development site. These have been numbered for ease of reference. For a detailed description and discussion of phases of development see the Archaeological Building Assessment carried out by Oxford Archaeology North in 2007.

2.1 Location

The site is located in the Howard Town Conservation Area, Glossop. Glossop is situated in the on the western flanks of the , within the north-west corner of Derbyshire. The town is located on the A57, the main road between and . It is approximately 13 miles to the south east of Manchester. The Howard Town Conservation Area is situated in the southeast corner of the town, to the east of Victoria Street and the south of the A57 (High Street East). The site is bounded by High Street (A57) to the north, Glossop Brook to the south and east and to the west is the Howard town Mill development. None of the structures on the site are listed, but all structures are within the Howard Town Conservation Area.

Site Plan

2.2 The Site

The site forms part of the Howard Town Mill complex. The site consists of the Woods Mill buildings to the east and the Howard Town Mill buildings to the west. The buildings to the west are in active use and have been developed for leisure and retail purposes. Along High Street East further active uses include a car repair garage, a leisure centre with associated car park and a business/ industrial unit. The Bull Dog Centre, adjacent to the Howard Town Mill complex contains a number of retail units. The site is accessed from the north via Milltown or Mill Street. There is a coursed boundary wall running along the west side of Mill Street and along the northern boundary of the site, along the southern side of Mill Street. There is a similar boundary to the east boundary of the site, along the west side of Milltown. To the rear of the site, running along Glossop Brook the boundary is formed by the southern elevation of structure two, and sections of Millstone grit walls.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 6

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Existing Site Plan with Numbered Structures

2.3 Structure One Structure one is a former Mill building, referred to as the main complex, dating to the early 1820s. It is comprised of three separate buildings, the main body of the mill structure, a later engine house and a modern corrugated iron single story extension to the west side of the main structure.

2.3.1 Plan and Form Building one is comprised of three structures and is sub-rectangular in plan form. It rises to five storeys, and is of twenty bays in length and six in width. There is a single storey square building to the far west end of the structure. It is aligned on an east-west axis. There is a triple span pitched roof, obscured by a raised parapet.

2.3.2 Exterior

Materials The structure is comprised of dressed sandstone blocks with sandstone sills to windows. There is a corrugated iron extension to the west side of the main structure.

North Elevation The north elevation rises to five storeys and is twenty bays in length. There are windows to all five storeys, they vary in style, some being four light mullion and transom windows, others are of six lights. Those to the top storey are smaller in scale. There is an arched opening to the northwest corner of the main structure with stone soldier course. This elevation is partially screened by mature planting.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 7

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

North Elevation of Structure One

The West Elevation The west elevation rises to five storeys and is six bays wide. This is a blind elevation with evidence of four blocked up windows, one at upper ground floor level to the north side of the elevation and one at fifth, fourth and third floor level to the south side. Projecting corbels for guttering remain at fifth floor level. Little detail is visible due to the single storey corrugated iron extension. The extension extends from the western elevation and presents a gable end to the west. The entire structure is of corrugated iron, with former windows and entrances in the west elevation. There are also former doorways in the north and south elevations of the extension.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 8

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The West Elevation of Structure One

South Elevation The south elevation has a three storey extension to the east end of the elevation, which connects building one to building two to the south. The southern elevation of the extension is of red brick and building two abuts this section of the elevation with a lean to roof. The four westernmost bays of building one comprise a later extension to the building. This formerly housed an engine, which was later removed and the space was remodelled to accommodate a lift shaft. There are windows from first to fifth floor levels. These vary in style, some are rectangular, some square with a mixture of four and six lights, although the majority have slightly sloped sandstone sills and flat sandstone lintels. Those to the ground floor are currently boarded over. The third bay from the west contains a large two storey window with fanlight and dressed rusticated quoins. There is a hoist at third floor level in the bay to the west of the two storey window. There are taking in doors at second and ground floor level.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 9

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Southern Elevation with Extension to the East

Southern Elevation of Structure One and Two

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 10

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The East Elevation The eastern elevation is asymmetrical, rising to three floors in some areas and five in others. It is angled at the northern end, sloping towards the west. In the penultimate bay to the north end of the elevation are sets of taking in doors at second, third and fourth floor levels. To the south of the elevation there are two projecting towers, one formerly containing the toilet facilities, the other contained a stairway. There are windows to all three sections of the elevation, varying in size and style. There is a mixture of three, four and six light windows, all with sandstone sills and lintels.

The East Elevation of Structure One and Two

2.4 Structure Two Structure two is comprised of a range of buildings that run parallel to the brook and the Mill building (structure one). These were formerly an office building to the east end of the range that connects to structure one. To the west of this is a range of single storey shed buildings with lean to roof. To the far west is a two storey, five bay building that projects from the line of the range of sheds.

2.4.1 Plan and Form Structure two is sub-rectangular in plan, with projecting bays to the east and west ends. It rises to three storeys at the east end, with a southern elevation of red brick.

2.4.2 Exterior

Materials The structure is comprised of dressed sandstone blocks with sandstone sills to windows; there is a section of red brick in English Garden Wall Bond to the south elevation.

North Elevation To the west end of the north elevation is the two storey structure. There are four windows to ground floor level with sandstone sills and lintels, all currently boarded over. There is a single timber

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 11

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal doorway in the fourth bay from the west. The remnant of an arched opening exists in the east elevation of the building, blocked by a later phase of construction of the range of sheds. The range of former shed buildings to the east of this rises to one and a half storeys. These structures are built of roughly coursed sandstone with an east-west aligned pitched roof. The range of sheds appears to be of numerous phases of construction. The central section is without windows, but there is a blocked doorway to the west, next to the two storey building. The six bays to the east of the range have dressed stones to the base of the walls and again appear to be a different phase of construction. This may have replaced the southern wing of the former office building.

The North Elevation of Structure Two

South Elevation The south elevation of the three storey structure is blind, of red brick in English Garden Wall Bond. To the west, the single storey range and two storey structure form the southern boundary of the mill, running parallel to the brook. There are windows to the southern elevation, varying in size and style, but all with stone lintels and sills.

East Elevation In the east there is a timber door at ground floor level with chamfered sandstone surround. To the north of this there is a large doorway with metal roller shutter. There is a gangway for ducting that leads from the southern section of the elevation across to another mill building to the east.

West Elevation The west elevation of the structure is the gable end, it is of coursed sandstone and contains no windows or doorways. To the end of the range is a former office building that joins the single storey range in the south to the Mill building to the north, running on a north-south axis, with gable end to the south. It rises to three storeys and is three bays wide and two deep. In the western elevation there is a large carriage entrance to the north side of the elevation and windows at first, second and third floor level.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 12

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

2.5 Structure Three Structure three is situated to the north east corner of the proposed development site. It is a late 20th century structure of no historic value.

2.5.1 Plan and Form The structure is rectangular in plan form, aligned on an east-west axis. The roof is pitched. There is a tarmac covered car park surrounding the structure. There is a small associated shed to the rear in a similar style of construction.

2.5.2 Exterior

Materials The structure is comprised of stone effect concrete block. The roof is concrete tile. Windows are timber and glass.

There are windows to each bay of the north elevation, and a doorway in the third bay from the east. There is also an entrance way in the east gable end.

The North Elevation of Structure Three

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 13

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

2.6 Structure Four Structure four is comprised of three distinct buildings, a single storey shed to the east and a multi-phase structure to the west that ranges from one to three storeys and a single storey row of shops.

2.6.1 Plan and Form The structure is sub-rectangular in plan form, with projecting bays to the north and south of the west end. It is aligned on an east-west axis. The roof to the eastern end of the structure was a seven span north-light roof, now partially demolished. To the west the roof is multi-pitched, rising to varying levels.

2.6.2 Exterior

Materials The structure is comprised of sandstone, with areas of metal and red brick. Doors are of timber or metal roller shutters.

The East and North elevations were inaccessible at the time of survey.

South Elevation This elevation has retained 29 stone bays, each containing an opening (either window or doorway) under a stone lintel. These have been bricked up. To the east, two bays rise to half a storey above the other bays, to accommodate a large entrance. To the west, is a two storey east-west aligned structure of sandstone. There is a shop window/ entrance to the ground floor (now boarded up) and a run of five three light windows to the first floor. To the west of the blocked up entrance is a single storey lean to extension, also of sandstone. To the west of the single storey extension is a projecting bay that is stepped, rising to a higher level to the west.

The East End of the South Elevation of Structure Four

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 14

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The West end of the South Elevation of Structure Four

West Elevation The west elevation of the structure rises to two storeys, in an L shaped plan with a single storey extension to the south. This elevation extends to the north as a single storey row of shops, which adjoins a modern building to create a small L shaped shopping precinct known as the Bulldog trading centre.

The West Elevation of Structure Four

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 15

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The West Elevation of Structure Four

The Retail Units to the West Elevation

North Elevation The north elevation was only partially visible at the time of survey, due to mature foliage. It is of sandstone with areas of modern extension. The modern extensions rise to one and two storeys. These are currently unused, and in very poor condition.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 16

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The Two Storey Extension to the North Elevation of Structure Four

2.7 Structure Five Structure five is a late 20th century addition to the site. It is of no historic value.

2.7.1 Plan and Form The structure is sub-rectangular in plan form, with a recessed bay to the east end of the structure. It is aligned on an east-west axis. The roof is pitched.

2.7.2 Exterior

Materials The structure is comprised of stone effect concrete blocks, with a corrugated iron roof.

South Elevation The south elevation contains shops to ground floor level, with modern UPVC signage in a variety of colours and designs. The windows to the upper floors are timber side opening casement windows of two lights.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 17

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The South Elevation of Structure Five

North Elevation To the rear of structure five, the land rises towards to the north. Only the upper floors of the structure are accessed from this level. There are sets of doorways and window openings, many of which are protected by metal bars.

The North Elevation of Structure Five

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 18

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

2.8 Structure Six Structure six is a modern industrial unit, built in the late 20th century.

2.8.1 Plan and Form The structure is L shaped in plan, it rises to one storey.

2.8.2 Exterior

Materials The structure is comprised of biff coloured brick and cement block with corrugated metal sheeting roof. There is a car park to the east and south of the building.

East Elevation The main entrance to the building is set to the south side of the east elevation. It is comprised of a single doorway. There are three windows to the north of the entranceway and one to the south. There is a warehouse of corrugated metal to the southwest corner of the building.

The East Elevation of Structure Six

2.9 Trees

The quality of the existing trees has been categorised in the Tree Report by Murray Tree Consultancy. Within the proposal site boundaries, seven groups of trees and eight individual trees were identified and categorised. Only one tree, along the southern boundary of the section south of the brook, was assessed at category B (of moderate quality). All of the other trees and groups of trees are category C (low quality or category U (unsuitable for retention).

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 19

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 3 History

3.1 History and Development of Glossop

Prehistoric The area surrounding Glossop is rich in surface scatters of flint, which suggest human activity in the area dating to the Mesolithic period. Chert and flint microliths have been recovered to the north of Glossop around Smallden Clough (SMR 3623,3624,3625). At Cock Hill a Mesolithic scraper and two microliths were recovered (SMR 3666) and two leaf shaped arrowheads were found in 1962 (SMR 3620, 3621), as were Mesolithic and Neolithic flints from Glossop Low (SMR 3622). To the northwest of Glossop further flint finds including blades, microliths, scrapers and waste flakes were recovered. From Whiteley Nab to the south-west of Glossop Flint artefacts ranging in date from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age have been recovered, and to the east of the town on Lordship Hill in 1972 a curved flint knife of possible Bronze Age date was found with two waste flakes (SMR 3642). Further evidence of human occupation during the prehistoric period includes several prehistoric burials recovered in the area. In 1958, during the development of a bungalow to the eastern side of the town, an inverted collared urn was recovered containing the cremated remains of a female (SMR 3617). To the north of the town, at Mouselow, there is said to have been a barrow where a male skeleton and a possible beaker were discovered at some point before 1908 (SMR 6167). To the south-west, on Coombes Edge there is a badly disturbed gritstone cairn with a fragmentary retaining circle (SMR 3605).1

Roman There is no evidence of Roman settlement within the town of Glossop itself. However, there was occupation within the area during the Roman period; the town lies within a couple of miles of the Roman fort of Ardotalia (Melandra (SMR 6102; SAM 8). This fort was situated on elevated ground at the confluence of the Glossop Brook and the . The fort guarded the roads from Manchester, Brough and . The Fort was founded in the late 70s AD and was rebuilt in the early second century before being abandoned in 140AD. Not surprisingly, a number of Roman artefacts have been discovered in close proximity to the Fort. Closer to Glossop itself, around the Mouselow Castle and area, several Roman finds have been recovered. These include a small black glass bead found in the late 1970s by the junction of North Road and Cemetery Road (SMR 6165), a Roman terret was recovered at Bettenhill Farm (SMR 6166) and a spearhead (of possible Roma date) was unearthed in a ploughed field in the Mouselow Castle area (SMR 6164). At the easternmost edge of Glossop, near Shire Hill, a coin of Constantine II was found in 1958 during the laying of a lawn close to the Bronze Age burial noted above, but not associated with it (SMR 3618). In addition to the above material, some seventeen or more stone heads are entered on the SMR as having been recovered from the town and the surrounding area. Some, at least, are thought to be of Roman date, some are Celtic in style and yet others of probable medieval date. These finds may indicate that there was some form of cult centre or Romano-British shrine somewhere in the area.2

Anglo Saxon Period There are no sites or monuments recorded in the HER dating to the Anglo Saxon Period. The existence of the settlement at the time of the Domesday Survey indicates that there were settlements at both Glossop and Whitfield prior to the conquest. In the Domesday Survey, Glossop and Whitfield are two of the 12 manors listed under :

“M. In Longdendale and ‘’ Ligulf had 4 b. of land taxable; in Ludworth Brown 4 b. of land; in Charlesworth and Swein 1 c. of land; Aelmer 4 b. of land; in Hadfield 4 b; in

1 Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Report Archaeological Assessment (2001). 2 Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Report Archaeological Assessment (2001). 2 Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Report Archaeological Assessment (2001). Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 20

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Padfield Leofing 1 c. of land; in Dinting Leofnoth 2 b. of land; in GLOSSOP Leofing 4 b. of land; in WHITFIELD 4 b. of land; in Hayfield Aelmer 4 b. of land; in Kinder Goric 2 b of land. Between them, 6 c. of land taxable and 12 manors. All Longdendale is waste; woodland, unpastured, fit for hunting. The whole 8 leagues long and 4 leagues wide. [Value] before 1066, 40s. (, Phillimore ed.)”3

The Medieval Period At the time of the Domesday Survey, Glossop formed part of Longdendale, which belonged to the crown. The settlement was originally one kilometre to the northeast of the present day town. Glossop was granted to William Peverel, by Henry I but it reverted to the crown in 1154. Three years later Henry II gave it to the Abbey of Basingwerk, in Flintshire. Longdendale formed part of the and as such was governed by Forest Law. New areas were being cleared and used for agricultural purposes by the 13th century, and a list of assarts (cleared areas) for 1253 included 30 acres in Glossop. The land was used for both pasture and arable and it has been suggested that traces of an open field system survive around some of the villages in the Glossop area. Whether Glossop itself ever had an open field system is not known. The abbot and convent of Basingwerk were granted a market charter for Glossop on May 9 1290, the market day to be Wednesday and the annual fair between June 10 and June 12. These dates were later changed and after a short time it is though that the fair was moved to Charlesworth. In a document that records the markets and fairs that were lawfully claimed (the Placita de Quo Warranto) Charlesworth is named as a market, but Glossop is not. Other than agricultural pursuits it is thought that the area of may have been occupied in the woollen industry, as this was one of the industries of the Cistercian order, to whom the area was granted. This may have been an instigating factor in the development of a domestic woollen industry in Glossopdale, which was present from at least the 15th century.

The Post-medieval Period (c. 1500-1780) The manor of Glossop was granted to Francis, Earl of Shrewsbury at the time of the dissolution of the monasteries. It was not until the early 17th century that it passed by marriage to the Howards, Earls of Arundel, later Dukes of Norfolk. Enclosure that converted land into sheep pasture was taking place in Glossop in the mid 16th century. The Hearth Tax Assessment of 1670 for Glossop village lists forty-nine households as eligible for tax. Most of these were within the village, although some entries may represent outlying farms. The information contained within the Hearth Tax Assessment can be used to paint a picture of the economic stature of those living in the village. An excerpt from the Extensive Urban Survey for the Glossop area provides the following data analysis:

Edwards (1982) suggested that the hearth tax data could be used to provide a very rough classification of economic status or social structure as follows: 1 hearth = husbandmen, poorer families and individuals 2-3 hearths = most craftsmen, tradesmen, yeomen 4-7 hearths = wealthier craftsmen, tradesmen, yeomen + merchants 8+ hearths = gentry and nobility. At Glossop, 29 of the 49 chargeable entries (59%) were taxed for a single hearth, twelve (24%) for 2 hearths, four (8%) for 3 hearths and four (8%) for 4-7 hearths (Edwards 1982). Single hearth buildings included Glossop mill and the vicarage. Overall the figures for Glossop appear reasonably well balanced, although there are no very large houses. Edwards (1982) looked at the proportion of Derbyshire households in the 4-7 hearth category and found not only considerable differences from settlement to settlement but also between hundreds. In High Peak hundred, the overall average was 4.5%. Glossop, therefore, can be seen to have a higher than average number of hearths in that category, although not too much can be inferred from this in terms of status, given that only four households are concerned.4

In 1729 Ralph Standish Howard began work on the original Glossop Hall, generally referred to as Royle Hall. Sadly, both he and his son died before they could occupy the house. Glossop Hall was used instead as an occasional shooting lodge and later as a residence by the ’s agents.

3 3 Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Report Archaeological Assessment (2001). 4 4 Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Report Archaeological Assessment (2001). Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 21

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

It would seem that Glossop remained without a market or fair thought the 17th and 18th centuries. According to Lawrance, the nearest market by the 17th century was at Tideswell and Glossop is also not listed as having either a market or a fair in William Owen’s Book of Fairs of 1770. By the mid 17th century a school was in existence in Glossop, evidenced by an appeal for continued payment of a schoolmaster made to the Earl of Arundel in 1651. It is thought that it was housed at the church, as there is no evidence of a purpose built school within the village.

For much of this period it is likely that the main occupation of the inhabitants of Glossop and the surrounding area would have been based predominantly upon agriculture. Within the village itself, a number of related trades and crafts would have been carried out, providing a service for the more dispersed farms and hamlets, such as stone quarrying at Glossop Low Quarry (SMR 3638) which was carried out from the 1760s. The domestic woollen industry also expanded in the 17th century. Numerous people worked for ‘putters-out’ from Manchester. These were people who sent out the raw materials and gathered in the final product.

1800s-1900s During 1780 the beginnings of a water-powered textile industry began to develop around the numerous streams of Glossop. There was a fulling mill in the valley to the south of the village built at Bridge End, in 1780. Then Cross Cliffe mill was built further east near to Shelf Brook and Hurst Brook in 1782-3. Next was Shepley , constructed on Glossop Brook in 1784. Closer to the village itself, Shepley Mill, Warth Mill, and Rolfe’s Mill were built in 1784-5. Thread Mill was built at the end of the 18th century. Pilkington writing in 1789 noted that:

The inhabitants of the parish of Glossop are supported by the manufacture of cotton and wool. In that part of it which borders upon , a considerable quantity of fine woollen cloth is manufactured. But in the southern and western side of the parish the principal employment is spinning and weaving cotton.

With the establishment of the cotton industry in Glossopdale, Glossop itself began to expand. Initially growth was around the old village, associated with the development of several mills in this area. By 1820 there were 26 Mills in and around Glossop. Not all of the Mills were financially successful and many changed hands frequently as unsuccessful ventures failed. From around 1815, however, and several mills came into the hands of highly competent mill owners. Two families became particularly prominent within the trade, the Wood and Sumner families. John Wood acquired several of the mills near in 1815. He then acquired the Bridge End mill in 1819 which was the start of his Howard Town Mills complex. Francis Sumner developed the Wren Nest Mills complex, having inherited the first Wren Nest mill in 1829.5

Due to the establishment of more mills along Glossop Brook and the turnpiking of the Sheffield to Manchester Road, the focus of the settlement began to shift in the 1820s. This lead to increased settlement around the north-south and east-west turnpike roads. The Duke of Norfolk built a new Town Hall in this new town in 1838 at which time this became the administrative centre. Expansion in the area was rapid, new roads were laid out in the 1840s and Glossop was described in 1842 as being “of great manufacturing consequence”. Markets were established in the new town in 1845 and from 1848 onwards Glossop became a post town. In 1852 the new town was provided with a piped supply of drinking water from waterworks at Swineshaw.

In 1851 a member of the Howard family built Glossop Hall on the site of the earlier Royle Hall. Further investment in the town came from Mill owners, who financed public and religious buildings as well as provided housing for their workforces. During the cotton famine of the mid 19th century public works were funded, such as laying new roads and extending the waterworks, to create employment. This financial support and alternative employment helped to lessen the effects of the cotton famine of the 1860s, although the population of Glossop did decline during the 1860s as a result of the reduction in employment.

5 5 Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Report Archaeological Assessment (2001). Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 22

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

In 1866 Glossop was granted a charter of incorporation, the new borough being divided into three wards. In this the town was also described thus:

It is now a great centre of the cotton trade ... The town has an excellent market, a commodious Town-Hall and Market-House, a Temperance Hall, a Savings’ Bank, Gas and Water Works, Grammar School, Mechanics’ Institution and every other requisite public building for a large and rapidly increasing commercial community ...

The 20th Century Glossop’s growth slowed in the early 20th century and no substantial development took place until around 1920. A brief period of economic expansion in 1920 was followed by a general slump and as almost 80% of those working in Glossop were involved in the textile industry, the town was greatly affected. Unemployment rose and by 1931 55.6% were unemployed, this lead to 16% of the population moving away between 1929 and 1939.

There was a brief period of improvement during the Second World War, as people were required to move into the area to keep the Mills running, but decline followed both in terms of the textile industry and population. Glossop was identified as a potential commuter town in the 1960s, a location for housing the overspill from Manchester. Glossop is now largely a commuter town, with people commuting mainly to the west.6

3.2 History of the Woods Mill Site

The development of the Howard Town site relates to the expansion of the local textile industry. As previously noted, this had been a domestic industry in Glossop and the surrounding area from approximately the 15th century onwards. By the mid 18th century there were power-driven textile mills in the area and in 1781-2 the Bridge End fulling mill was erected at the western end of the Howard Town complex. By 1820 there were eleven mills along Hurst and Shelf Brooks.

The Howard Town Mill Complex was developed by John Wood (1785-1854), a Yorkshire man born in Marsden. He came to Glossop at the age of 30, in 1815. His first venture into the textile industry in this area was to rent Thread Mill and Lower Water Mill (later Waterloo Mill) on Shelf Brook in Old Glossop. Within two months he expanded his business and went on to rent Higher Water (or Barrack) Mill. In 1819 he took over the Bridge End fulling mill at what was to become the Howard Town site. It was bought at auction for £1,900. Robert Hamnett states “When Mr Wood bought the Howardtown Mill, which was the name given to it after the sale, he was working three mills at Old Glossop, and also the Charlesworth Mills. The mill was known officially as the Bridge End Mill.”

Whilst living at Old Glossop with his wife and two older children, Mrs Wood gave birth to three children, Daniel (1817), Samuel (1819) and Alice (1821). John Wood ensured that his sons were given an education with emphasis on the textile industry and cotton manufacturing. As each son became of an appropriate age they were given responsibility for running a specific department of the company.

With the expansion of his business Wood soon found it necessary to provide accommodation for his workforce. In 1824 he acquired land totalling over 11,000 square yards bounded by the Chapel-en- le-Frith turnpike road (Smithy Fold) to the west and his mill to the south. Further acquisition of land in 1835 and 1840 extended Wood’s occupation of the area where he built his new home, named Howardtown House. By the early 1840s the Wood’s empire employed over 1200 workers in mills ranging from Bridge End to Cross Cliffe. In 1846 he once again extended Howard Town to the east, acquiring most of the land up to Milltown Lane. His decision to bring gas to his mills required that he extend to the south across Glossop Brook. This appears to be have been the last lease that he undertook. John Wood retired in 1850, leaving the company in the hands of his sons. He passed away four years later.

6 6 Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Report Archaeological Assessment (2001). Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 23

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The company continued to thrive under the management of his sons, and they became influential men in their own right. In 1875 John Wood and Brothers became a limited company expanding to a 2,000-strong workforce, 4,000 looms and 221,000 spindles. Towards the end of the 19th century, the deaths of both Daniel and Samuel (1888), a declining economy and lack of interest by younger generations of the family led to the gradual decline of the company. Eventually, in 1921, the Woods sold the company. The remaining member of the family left Glossop and moved to London, ending the influence of the Woods family in Glossop.

3.2.1 The Development of the Proposal Site

There are no entries in the HER to indicate that there was settlement on the site during the Prehistoric, Roman, or Anglo Saxon periods.

The earliest map of the site reviewed for this assessment is Burdett’s map of 1763-67. This does not show any structures on the Howard Town site. The closest structure detailed is to the north of Glossop Brook, at Bridge End, to the west side of the bridge.

The first Industrial structure on the site was the Bridge End fulling mill built in 1781-82. The lease for the Bridge End Mill was originally held by Robert Fielding and it is thought that he was probably responsible for the building of the mill. The site was described as covering an area of forty-two perches situated in ‘Bottoms’, built on land to the north of Glossop Brook and was bounded on the west and north-west by what was to become the north to south Chapel-en-le-Frith turnpike road with Smithy Fold to the north. A plan dating to 1781 show the proposed mill building as a three-storey, three-bay structure with a central entrance, powered by a waterwheel fed by a leat from the east. By 1800 the mill had been acquired by George Burgess, a woollen manufacturer. Research by Hamnett states that Burgess sold the mill to John Wood in 1819, after proving unsuccessful as a cotton manufacturer, implying that Burgess was the first to convert the site from wool to cotton; this is supported by further claims that the fulling mill at Bridge End was replaced by a cotton-spinning mill by 1811.7

In 1824 John Wood bought land bounded “on the east by the Far Meadow, on the west by the Chapel-en-le-Frith turnpike road which at that time came up Smithy Fold and Ellison Street, on the north by land and houses of Samuel Collier, nos. 16-26 High Street; on the south by a cotton mill, occupied by Mr Wood.” Between 1824 and 1840 Wood also leased areas of land in other parts of Howard Town, in order to build houses, factories and a new house for himself. The land leased by Wood in 1824 apparently contained a stone built smithy and a row of five stone built dwellings. While the dwellings may have been an addition by Wood, the smithy is thought to be older and could possibly have given its name to Smithy Fold. These were located in the northwest corner of the site. In approximately 1830, Wood constructed Long Mill (now demolished). This is shown on a sketch used as a decorative letter head dating to the 1830s. It is depicted as a five storey mill of thirty-five bays with an engine house and boiler house at its eastern end. It was located to the northwest side of the site. The expansion of the mill also included the construction of the Gatehouses at either side of the entrance to the site on Victoria Street.8

A map of the town dating to 1838 shows that structure one was in situ, although it was considerably longer at this time, and extended to adjoin another mill building to the west (in the location of structure 4). The mill building to the west (structure 4) was rectangular in plan form with boiler house and associated structures to the north. To the east side of the Mill the projecting towers and curved north end of the façade are visible. Structure two was partially extant at this time; the block adjoining structure one is visible on the map, a further section running parallel to the mill and a small individual structure to the west are also present. To the north of the site, along High Street, Mill

7 UMAU. Howard Town Mill, Glossop. A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment of the Site and Archaeological Appraisal of the Standing Buildings (June 2005). 8 UMAU. Howard Town Mill, Glossop. A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment of the Site and Archaeological Appraisal of the Standing Buildings (June 2005). Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 24

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Street and Milltown there are rows of terraced housing. The range of mill buildings to the east of Milltown are not visible, although there does appear to be a pond in the later location of the Millpond, to the north east corner of the site.9

The OS map of 1881 shows that the structure two had been extended with the addition of a long rectangular structure. This extended as far as the bridge over the brook to the west. Structure 1 remains unchanged, but to the north east of the site, to the east of Milltown, the complex of mill buildings is now visible. There had also been an extension to the boiler house structure to the north of structure 4.

The site remained mainly unchanged throughout the turn of the 20th century. A few minor alterations included an extension to the north of the boiler house structure associated with structure 4 by 1897. By 1938 the terraced housing along Yorkshire Street to the north west of the site had been demolished and the mill buildings extended in their place. Yorkshire Street ceased to exist at this time. The site remained in the same configuration until the late 20th century. Between 1951 and 2014 the western section of structure one was demolished, as were the associated structures to the north. The western section of structure two was also demolished. The terraced housing along south side of Mill Street was demolished and the Glossop Community Transport offices were erected. The boiler house and associated buildings to the north of structure four were demolished and today structure six (a modern industrial unit) is located in this position. Just outside of the proposal site, along High Street, a leisure centre, garage and petrol station replace the mill buildings.10

Sequential Development of the Site

1838

9 UMAU. Howard Town Mill, Glossop. A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment of the Site and Archaeological Appraisal of the Standing Buildings (June 2005).

10 UMAU. Howard Town Mill, Glossop. A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment of the Site and Archaeological Appraisal of the Standing Buildings (June 2005). Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 25

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

1857, Poor Law Map of Glossop

1881 OS Map of Glossop

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 26

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

1898 OS Map of Glossop

1921 OS Map of Glossop

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 27

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

1938 OS Map of Glossop

1951 OS Map of Glossop

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 28

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 4 Significance of the Building

This section contains a statement of significance which addresses the significance of the historic buildings on the Woods Mill Site (structure one, two and four). The site is situated within the Conservation Area, and is identified in the most recent Conservation Area Appraisal as making a positive contribution to the character of the conservation area. This section has been compiled using the values outlined in English Heritage’s Conservation Principles, Polices and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment. These values are evidential value, historic value, aesthetic value and communal value.

The buildings are not listed structures, but it is registered on the National Monuments Record (NMR SK 09 SW 25). Below is a copy of the NMR description, which covers an area larger than the proposal site:

An unusually large 19th-early 20th century integrated cotton mill occupying a large part of the town centre. Spinning mills at the east and west ends, with weaving sheds in the centre and at the east end of the site. The Howard Town Mills of John Wood and Brothers Limited was the largest textile mill site in north-west Derbyshire and at its peak was one of the largest integrated cotton mills in the country. The 9 ½ acre complex of steam-powered spinning mills and weaving sheds occupied a large proportion of Glossop town centre in a roughly rectangular site bordered by High Street to the north and Glossop Brook to the south. The establishment of this site, and of Wren Nest Mills to the west, largely determined the location of Glossop's new town centre (Howard Town), which was developed from the early 19th century.

4.1 Significance of the Woods Mill Site

4.1.1 Historical: Illustrative Value  The site as a whole, in its setting surrounded by examples of terraced housing, is illustrative of how industry shaped the expansion of small mill towns in the 19th century.

 The setting of the site is illustrative of the relationship between mill owner and worker, as much of the terraced housing was built by the mill owners.

4.1.2 Historical: Associative Value  The mill is associated with an important local family, the Wood family. They remained in Glossop for three generations and had a large impact on the local community.

4.1.3 Evidential Value  The site provides, inclusive of buildings and former millponds, provides evidence of the technological methods of textile production.

 The site provides evidence of technological and economic changes in the textile production industry.

 The site is a good example of early textile mill utilitarian design due to the size and scale of the buildings.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 29

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

4.1.4 Communal: Social Value  Many local people have worked at the site in the past; it has had an important impact on the local community and so may hold a level of significance of the local community.

 The site, as part of the wider Howard Town, symbolises the industry that lead to the re- location and expansion of the town. For this reason it may have a level of importance for those who live in the area.

4.1.5 Aesthetic: Design Value  Despite the effect of large amounts of demolition, certain elements of utilitarian architectural details remain, such as the scale and massing of the remaining mill buildings and details such as dressed stone lintels and sills to window and door openings.

4.1.6 Summary

The significance of the buildings lies in their evidential and illustrative value. The site provides evidence of the technological methods and advancements of the textile industry, as well as illustrating the importance of that particular industry to the town of Glossop. The local community may feel a sense of communal pride, as many generations of local people have worked at the Woods Mills.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 30

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 5 Character of the Conservation Area

5.1 The Howard Town Conservation Area

In general the character of the Howard Town Conservation Area is defined by its relationship to the cotton industry, which developed in from the late 18th century onwards. Today, the extant 19th century workers cottages, 19th century industrial mills and attractive public buildings are evidence of expansion of the town during a period when the local economy was dominated by the textile industry.

The centre of Glossop is more specifically characterised by a range of commercial and residential focussed around the crossroads. Interspersed between these structures are two and three storey administrative and public buildings. Residential areas are located around the commercial core and at the edges of the High Street. With reference to the architectural quality of all of the Conservation Areas in the centre of Glossop, the appraisal states that:

The Key characteristic of Glossop as a is a network of densely developed streets with terraces of workers housing sitting alongside large industrial complexes with a thriving retail centre at its core... In what remains of the mill complexes their contribution is in the sheer scale of the architectural statement.

The appraisal also states of the mill complexes that they are typical of the period and the locality, using locally sourced materials such as gritstone from nearby quarries. Due to the scale of the structures, their elevations display a strong rhythmical quality created by the pattern of window openings.

The character of the streets and the mix of building styles has led the Borough Council to designate four conservation areas covering the town centre. These include the Norfolk Square, Howard Town Mill, Wren Nest Mill and St James Conservation Areas. The proposed development site investigated in this report forms part of the Howard Town Conservation Area, which was designated in 2003.

The Howard Town Conservation Area

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 31

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

The Howard Town Conservation Area is comprised of the Howard Town Mill Complex to the south of the designated area with sparse areas of terraced workers housing. The Howard Town Mill complex in its entirety covers 9 ½ acres and ranges in date from the mid to late 19th century. To date much of the original complex has been demolished. The surviving late 19th century five- storied west spinning mill is a prominent building in the townscape of the town centre. This area has been redeveloped for commercial purposes. At the far eastern end of the complex is Woods Mill. The site covers approximately 5 acres. Today many of the buildings have been demolished, leaving only three of the larger Mill buildings and some smaller associated single storey buildings. Due to lack of use, the majority of these buildings are now in a state of disrepair. Neither of the two former mill ponds survives.

To the northeast of the Mill Complex, along Mill Street and partially along Milltown, are examples of the former mill-workers cottages; these are two storey terrace cottages simple in character and style. They directly front onto the pavement. The architectural detailing focuses around decorative stonework to doorways, which range from simple dressed gritstone to elaborately carved door cornices and pilasters. An interesting feature on some residential properties (and commercial buildings) is a curved elevation at the turn of the street.

To the north of this conservation area is a section of the A57, the main road through the town. To the south side of this there are a few commercial premises such as an automobile repair garage and petrol station. There is also a leisure centre.

5.2 Contribution to the Character of the Conservation Area

The individual elements of the site have been assessed individually. The assessment below is based upon building analysis, archival research and information gathered from existing documentation and appraisals. The levels used are:

High Level of Positive Contribution The element is relatively intact with a high level of integrity, has a special interest, and makes an important contribution to the wider significance of the Conservation Area. Buildings or structures at this level are likely to be listed buildings or scheduled ancient monuments.

Medium Level of Positive Contribution The element may have been slightly altered but retains its integrity, may have less special interest, and its contribution to the wider significance of the area is less important than listed buildings or monuments.

Low Level of Positive Contribution The element may have been significantly altered, have a low level of integrity, the special interest may have been lost and it makes little contribution to the wider significance of the area.

Neutral Level of Contribution The element has some potential to contribute to the character of the Conservation Area, or has a neutral impact on the character of the Conservation Area.

Negative Contribution The element has no significance, and makes a negative impact on the character of the Conservation Area.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 32

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Building/ Site Element Contribution Reasons Structure One Low Positive The scale and massing of the mill building is an important architectural and historic feature of the landscape, however the mill has been significantly altered, part demolished and is in very poor condition. This greatly diminishes the contribution of the building to the character of the conservation area.

Extension to Structure One Negative This is a low quality 20th century extension of corrugated iron.

Structure Two Low Positive Structure two forms part of the historic mill complex and retains a level of historic significance. Presently the building is entirely derelict. The poor condition of the structure diminishes the contribution of the building to the character of the conservation area.

Structure Three Neutral This is a modern building of no historic value. The scale/ massing and materials used for construction do not have a negative effect on the conservation area.

Structure Four Negative Structure four is in very poor condition, has been significantly altered, part demolished and is in a prominent location within the conservation area. The modern extensions to the southwest corner of the building are not in keeping with the character of the conservation area.

Structure Five Neutral This is a modern building of no historic value. The scale/ massing and materials used for construction do not have a negative effect on the conservation area.

Structure Six Neutral This is a modern building of no historic value. The scale/ massing and materials used for construction do not have a negative effect on the conservation area.

Stone Boundary Walls Medium Positive This is an historic element of the streetscape. According to the Conservation Area Appraisal “Locally quarried coursed and squared-pitched faced gritstone is the predominant walling material used for walls, Millstone grit with its ‘golden’ hue contributes significantly to the character of the town.” The walls are damaged in some areas and in need of repair.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 33

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 6 Planning Guidance and Proposed Works

6.1 Planning Guidance for New Development within the Conservation Area

The Conservation Area Appraisal does not provide specific advice on new development within the Howard Town Conservation Area. The council has provided specific guidance on new design in the area, in the form of the Interim Planning Statement in 2009 and the Glossop Design and Place Making Strategy: Design Brief for the Woods Mill Area in 2011.

The Interim Planning Statement provided the following advice on new design;

Design Principles

Reuse of Mill Buildings  The large stone mill buildings on Milltown are part of the historic fabric of the town and parts of the complex are suitable for restoration and for adaptation new uses. Victorian buildings by the mill pond are also part of the historic context.  The period mill buildings form an important feature of the urban environment and contribute towards the character of the conservation area. The architectural style and character of the mill buildings are typical of their period and locality. They have been constructed from locally sourced gritstone from nearby quarries with Welsh blue slate roofs. By their very nature the elevations display a strong rhythmical pattern of window openings and make a strong contribution to local character.  Whilst the condition of mill buildings varies across the site, their restoration and reuse should be sought through future regeneration activity and wherever possible key buildings incorporated. The architectural integrity of the mill buildings should be preserved.

Glossop Brook  Although the area alongside Glossop Brook has an industrial past, it has a strong sense of connection with the countryside through views of the rising countryside to the south, the presence of water and dense tree planting. Near the brook this area feels enclosed and tranquil. The brook marks the boundary between the urban core of the town and open countryside with little impact from adjacent suburban development.  Proposals will be expected to make the most of the riverside location with appropriate frontage and public realm treatment in the area adjacent to Glossop Brook. The edge of Glossop Brook should be transformed into an attractive riverside, allowing people to enjoy the sense of connection with the countryside.

New Buildings Woods Mill is characterised by high stone boundary walls and solid buildings next to the roads establishing a strong sense of defined urban spaces that contrast with the organic shapes and informal boundaries to the south of the brook. Given the conservation area status it is important that any new build that comes forward responds to the character and setting of the wider environment in an appropriate manner. The use of traditional materials and high quality innovative architectural design will be necessary to enhance the conservation area. Particular locations where the design and build of new development is particularly important include:  The corner of High Street East and Mill Street, which benefits from a sight line along the high street – any new development should be conscious of this and respond in an appropriate manner. Given the scale of the terraced properties to the east, it is important that any new development does not over-shadow the terraces. The architectural treatment to the High Street should be sympathetic to the patterns, materials and height of a traditional high street, replacing the poor quality of the present street edge. The Council would prefer to see a Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 34

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

raised standard of frontage treatment, rather than the inclusion of an architectural feature to create a ‘token’ landmark. The use of higher quality materials would complement the existing high street and help to raise the standard of the frontage in this location.  Stone setts, stone roofing and industrial remnants can be reused to emphasise connections between new development and the history of the area. New buildings should recycle gritstone from the existing structures on the site for the main facades.  Any new development fronting the brook should respond accordingly to the architecture and design of the period mill buildings and the adjacency to open countryside.  Given the topography and visibility of the site from the hill to the south, the overall mass and form of new buildings should be delivered in a sensitive manner and be integrated with the adjacent Howard Town Mill development.

The Glossop Design and Place Making Strategy contains a design brief for any future works within the Woods Mill Area. New design within the area must satisfy the following design brief;

Design Aims The comprehensive regeneration of the Woods Mill Area represents an opportunity to provide a high quality and sustainable mixed use development to reinforce the urban character of Glossop town centre whilst reducing the isolation of the area and improving access to and along Glossop Brook.

Appropriate Uses Appropriate uses of the area are set out in the Woods Mill Interim Planning Statement and include:  Retail (A3)  Food and Drink (A3 and A4)  Business (B1)  Residential (C3)  Leisure (A3, A4 C1 or D2)

To support the existing town centre retail offer and encourage combined trips, new retail uses should be concentrated towards the western end of the site to both complement proposals for the redevelopment of Howard Town Mill and improve High Street East. Although residential uses would be appropriate across most of the site to encourage a mix of uses and natural surveillance out of hours, it is likely these would be best concentrated to the eastern half of the site along with creative business uses.

Design Principles Despite the condition of the historic multi-storey mill buildings on the site, their large industrial character overlooking Glossop Brook and contrast with the surrounding residential townscape and countryside, along with their spatial relationship, continues to contribute to the unique character of Glossop town centre. They should therefore be retained and reused as part of an area wide regeneration plan and requests for demolition resisted. It should be noted that the adjacent single storey buildings including the Great Eastern Shed are much less significant in terms of the townscape and in much worse condition. These low rise buildings and all other structures within the area, with the exception of the multi-storey mill buildings and stone wall along the western side of Milltown, could therefore be redeveloped. As well as the historic multi-storey mill buildings, Glossop Brook, including the Mill Pond to the north and the countryside to the south, is a key feature of the area and views and public access to it should be maximised with any redevelopment. The following design principles should be considered with any redevelopment proposals in order to support the design aims.

Density and Mix Higher densities make more efficient use of land and reinforce the traditional character of Glossop town centre. The borough Council will expect redevelopment proposals to demonstrate that the highest appropriate densities have been achieved. It is anticipated that the site will be appropriate for retail, leisure, business and residential use, including apartments or flats, town houses, mews houses and other family house types at an urban density.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 35

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Height and Massing One of the defining characteristics of Glossop town centre is the historic contrast between industrial and domestic scales of development. Four or five storey mill buildings sit adjacent to one storey sheds or two storey worker’s cottages. This contrast is also apparent in the footprint of industrial and domestics scale development and both can be found in and around the Woods Mill area. Redevelopment proposals should acknowledge these contrasts and reinforce where appropriate without compromising the amenity of residents or the setting of listed buildings. Building heights should be 2 storeys on High Street East and Mill Street to continue the roofline and contribute to a sense of enclosure, and 2-3 storeys on other street frontages within the area. The height of adjacent existing buildings should be considered with proposals for new development to avoid overlooking. Care should be taken to ensure that new development provides an active and attractive relationship with publicly accessible areas on the ground floor, with overlooking from windows and balconies above. All areas of off street parking will require natural surveillance from adjacent development with the exception of under croft parking which should be integrated into the building massing to ensure the building is visually grounded and not floating. This approach will also provide a quality ground floor elevation for passers and break up large expanses of car parking.

Views The panoramic view down Mill Street towards Glossop Brook is key, and although this view did not exist historically, being blocked by mill buildings, it represents a significant opportunity to re- establish links between the town centre and Glossop Brook and reduce the isolation of the area. It also provides views of the rising countryside to the south of the site and a contrast with the urban character of the rest of the town centre. The view west along High Street East to Mill Street is important as much emphasis is placed on the corner as High Street East changes direction at this point. The corner should be a focal point, but is currently ill defined by an open car park of the car repair garage which replaced Victoria Shed, creating a poor first impression of the town centre from the east. New views and landmark corners and features within the area should be developed to improve legibility and connections with the core of the town centre. In particular, the isolation of the existing multi-storey historic mills should be reduced both visually and physically where possible. As well as views from and within the area, views to and over the area from the surrounding hills should be an important consideration with any redevelopment. Despite existing precedents, large monolithic expanses of roofing highly visible from the distance should be avoided. Strong and varied roof forms, including sawtooth or possibly curved to reflect the surrounding hills, should be considered for larger footprint buildings. Green roofs could also be considered to reduce the impact on distant views.

Layout New development must front onto public areas and be laid out to protect privacy and amenity where appropriate. Regard must be given to establishing a north-south route from High Street East down to Glossop Brook, likely following Mill Street and a west to east route from Howard Town Mill across Milltown and along Glossop Brook up to High Street East and Manor Park. Fine grain development at the back of pavement to High Street East, either with smaller properties or a visually subdivided larger property would be most appropriate to reinforce the existing character of the street. Larger development footprints, if required, may be most appropriate towards Glossop Brook to reflect the historic grain of the area.

Architectural Style Whilst this advice does not seek to be overly prescriptive, it will not be appropriate to apply a generic design solution to this area. The aim is to provide distinctive architectural design, which is underpinned by a sound understanding of the local context, particularly in relation to High Street East and industrial heritage, including the existing mill buildings which should be retained. The emphasis should be on high quality bespoke design and execution and the use of traditional and local materials and details where appropriate, including natural millstone grit and Welsh blue slate.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 36

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Recycled stone from within the site is encouraged in new buildings to assist in their integration with the wider townscape.

Landscape and Open Space The key landscape features within the area include Glossop Brook and the last remaining mill pond of the Howard Town Mill complex. Both need to be protected, enhanced and public access to and along improved. The edge of the countryside is also highly visible to the south of the area with a green ridge running parallel to Glossop Brook. Views to and from this ridge should be an important consideration in any proposals for the area. In addition, consideration should be given to the creation of a number of small linked open spaces or courtyards within the area. Traditional paving surfaces such as millstone grit setts should be retained, uncovered and reused where possible to reinforce the character of the area. Improvements to the streetscape of High Street East should also be undertaken to link development to the core of the town centre where improvement have already been undertaken, including the provision of street trees.

6.2 Description of Proposed Works

6.2.1 The Site Layout The proposed works include an application for planning permission for the demolition of several existing structures and the construction of a mixed use development including the construction of three new retail units with 148 associated car parking spaces, 49 dwellings including a mixture of detached and semi-detached units with associated garages, car parking, access roads and landscaping. Two new access points are proposed. The residential units will be accessed off Milltown via a new lane along Glossop Brook. A new bridge over Glossop Brook will provide access to the houses in the southern section of the site. The retail development will be accessed both from the existing car parking area of the adjoining retail development to the west and via an extension of Mill Street further to the south. New footpaths and pedestrian links will also be created, including a new public footpath along Glossop Brook. The retail development is located on the western section of the site to complement the existing retail adjacent to this location. The residential development is located on the eastern and southern sections of the site.

6.2.2 Demolition With the exception of an existing two storey retail unit at the northern part of the far western end of the site, it is proposed to demolish all of the buildings on the site. All of the historic buildings proposed for demolition are in a very poor condition. Many of these buildings have also been partly demolished and significantly altered previously. In addition, some existing walls will need to be demolished or part demolished. The stone from the demolished walls and buildings will be reused in repairs to walls and for building new walls.

6.2.3 New Development

Proposed Materials for Residential Units

The materials proposed for the new residential development are in keeping with the character of the Conservation Area. The walls will be constructed from a reconstituted pitched face stone with the appearance of weathered sandstone. Doors and windows will be of timber, painted mouse’s back and dark grey respectively. The roofs will be covered with dark grey slate coloured tiles with a riven finish.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 37

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Proposed Materials

Proposed Materials for Retail Units

The proposed new supermarket unit will constructed from a variety of materials. The prominent west side elevation, facing the other retail units, has glass panels along the entire elevation at ground floor level and silver coloured rainscreen cladding above. The front elevation has glass panels and doors to the entrance corner with white render panels separated by stone piers above a stone plinth to the remaining elevation. White render panels separated by stone piers above a stone plinth are also used to the south side and rear elevations. The roof is covered with a standing seam aluminium roof. The windows will be powder coated aluminium in a slate grey, with a powder coated steel door also in slate grey. Other details such as the rainscreen cladding are coloured silver.

The existing two storey retail unit to the north will be covered in cladding at first floor level to match the Marks and Spencer store immediately to the west. The roof will be overlaid with box profile steel cladding. The extension to this existing unit will also utilise materials to match the Marks and Spencer unit.

The new free standing, two storey retail unit to the south will be constructed from stone walls, a slate roof and grey slate coloured window and door frames. These materials have been chosen to match the existing retail building to the immediate west, currently housing the Mountain Warehouse and the Pico Lounge.

Design of Residential Units

The proposed development has been custom designed to present new housing with contextual materials and building forms. There are 49 family houses proposed for the site. The proposed dwellings are a mixture of 15 two storey detached houses and 34 two storey semi-detached houses.

The proposed dwellings have been designed to be in context with the buildings in the conservation area. The proposed dwellings all have gable roofs, chimneys and vertically proportioned windows. Architectural details such as prominent window surrounds add interest to the houses.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 38

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Example of Houses

Design of the Retail Units The new supermarket unit is proposed with a single slope roof, just over 8 meters at the highest point. The proposed building is rectangular in plan with an angled entrance corner. The use of stone piers and plinths, white coloured render and slate grey coloured details will help blend the structure into the surrounding conservation area.

The existing two storey retail unit at the west end of the proposal site will be retained and will be extended with a two storey unit. An additional two storey free standing retail unit will be built to the south of the existing retail unit. The design of these retail units will reflect the modern retail units in the adjoining Howard Town Retail Park, with stone walls, cladding, gable roofs and vertically proportioned windows.

Proposed Elevations of the Supermarket Retail Unit

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 39

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Proposed Elevations of the Supermarket Unit

Landscaping and Boundary Treatment

The majority of the stone boundary walls will be retained and repaired. Repairs will be made reusing the stones from the existing walls and stones salvaged from the demolished buildings. Additional new stone walls within the proposal site will be built out of the stones salvaged from the demolished buildings. The road surfaces will be covered in tarmac.

In addition to the repair and retention of the stone walls, the proposed works include proposals for a new access road and new pedestrian footpaths along Glossop Brook and giving access to Glossop Brook. These improvements to the public realm will improve access to and along Glossop Brook.

All of the Category C and U trees will be removed, but the category B tree to the southern edge of the site will be retained. New tree planting will be introduced to mitigate the loss of the self-seeded trees along the brook.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 40

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

6.3 Heritage Impact Assessment Table The following table sets out the proposed works, identifying the potential impact on the character of the Conservation Area and proposed mitigation for each element of the proposals.

PROPOSED WORK CONDITION OF FABRIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AREA OR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WORK & AFFECTED ELEMENT AFFECTED PROPOSED MITIGATION

Creation of access roads and Poor: Negative: Neutral Impact: parking areas The lower section of Mill Street The existing private access road Utilizing the existing access roads of Mill is an existing private access and parking areas have poor Street and Milltown reinforces the road with poor quality gravel quality surfaces. historic street patterns. surfaces. Part of the proposed access and parking area to the retail units is currently paved or gravel in poor condition. Demolition of former Very Poor: Low Positive: Low Negative Impact: Mill buildings, Parts of Structures One and Two Although as historic mill structures, The high quality of materials and design (Structures One and Two) have partial collapses of roof the buildings make a positive of the proposed new development structures, serious deterioration impact on the character of the mitigates the loss of the historic of elements and cracks in the conservation area, the dereliction structures. walls. Neither structure is and very poor condition of the capable of beneficial re-use. structures has a negative effect on the surrounding conservation area.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 41

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

PROPOSED WORK CONDITION OF FABRIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AREA OR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WORK & AFFECTED ELEMENT AFFECTED PROPOSED MITIGATION

Demolition of former Very Poor: Negative Positive Impact: Mill building (Structure 4) The structure has been partially The proposals remove this negative demolished and has lost the roof structure. The new retail structures in sections. Very little historic proposed use contextual materials and fabric remains unaltered. Areas building forms such as gable roofs, stone of modern extension to the north details and grey coloured architectural elevation of the building are of details. inappropriate materials and design and are currently vacant and in poor condition.

Demolition of 20th century Poor to Fair Negative and Neutral Positive Impact: buildings (Extension to The proposals remove these buildings, Structure 1, Structure 3, which have a negative or neutral impact Extension to Structure 5, on the character of the conservation Structure 6) area. The new buildings will have contextual materials, using traditional and local building materials.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 42

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

PROPOSED WORK CONDITION OF FABRIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AREA OR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WORK & AFFECTED ELEMENT AFFECTED PROPOSED MITIGATION

Development of 49 residential N/A Significance of this section of the Neutral impact: units Conservation Area: Although the The use of weathered sandstone and structures on the site retain a level slate has specifically been chosen to of historic significance, this section reflect the materials of the conservation of the Conservation Area is area and mill complex. The design currently in poor condition. The details are also contextual with the site contains numerous dilapidated character of the mill complex. buildings which mask views of the surrounding countryside and The ‘canyon like’ feeling of the significant Glossop Brook. Boundaries are view identified along Milltown will be mixed, some areas of stone wall protected by the retention of the mill are in need of repair and there are building to the east, retention of the high areas of modern metal fencing. stone wall to the west and the erection of a new high stone wall along the western Significant Views: There is a boundary of the site. restricted view of the proposed development area from High Street Any negative impact on views from the to the north. This is along Mill south will be mitigated by ensuring that Street, looking south. This is not the overall mass and form are sensitive identified as a significant view to the character of the area and the within the Glossop Design Brief. A wider Howard Town development. Scale significant view is identified along and massing are not overbearing and Milltown, looking southwards, along will not impact upon the views into the a “canyon like” alley formed by the Conservation Area. The development two high walls of the former Mill will enhance the conservation area as it buildings. Another identified view will allow access to and views of is looking into the Conservation Glossop Brook , re-establishing the link Area from a ridge to the south of between the brook and the Town Centre Glossop Brook.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 43

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

PROPOSED WORK CONDITION OF FABRIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AREA OR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WORK & AFFECTED ELEMENT AFFECTED PROPOSED MITIGATION

Repair and retention of the Fair to Poor: Medium Positive: Positive Impact: majority of the stone Portions of the walls have Stone boundary walls are identified Repair and retention of the stone boundary walls collapsed and are overgrown as a feature that defines the boundary wall reinforces the historic with trees and vines in some character of the mill complex. character of the site. No mitigation is areas. necessary, repairs will be made using existing stone or stone reclaimed from the site

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 44

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

PROPOSED WORK CONDITION OF FABRIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AREA OR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WORK & AFFECTED ELEMENT AFFECTED PROPOSED MITIGATION

Development of three new N/A Significance of this section of the Neutral Impact: retail units Conservation Area: This area of The materials and design details are the conservation area has already contextual with the character of the undergone some re-development, conservation area and other buildings in the section of the Mill complex the local area. Views of the proposed for demolition and development will be predominantly redevelopment does not retain a limited to the access points. high level of historic character. Structure four, which is proposed The supermarket is asymmetrical in for demolition, is in a very poor design, which breaks up the scale of the condition and has undergone structure. The use of materials such as numerous phases of alteration and stone and slate grey coloured details will partial demolition. The structure blend with the surrounding area. has a negative effect on the character of the conservation area The retained retail unit will be partly and the new Howard Town overclad to tie in with the Marks and development. Spencers unit directly to the west. The new extension will also tie in with the Marks and Spencers unit.

The two storey retail unit to the south of the area will be constructed of stone with areas of cladding to tie the new development to the buildings on the Howard Town development, such as Mountain Warehouse.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 45

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

PROPOSED WORK CONDITION OF FABRIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AREA OR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WORK & AFFECTED ELEMENT AFFECTED PROPOSED MITIGATION

All sandstone from Mostly good Medium Positive: Positive Impact: demolished buildings capable The majority of the buildings were Re-use of the historic building materials of re-use will be salvaged, constructed from sandstone and in repairs to the stone boundary walls stored and protected. slate. and in new stone walls provides a link with the demolished former mill buildings.

Planting new trees N/A Medium Positive: Positive Impact: Good quality mature trees along Planting around 50 new trees will make Glossop Brook could make a a positive contribution to the character of positive contribution to the Glossop Brook and the conservation character of the conservation area. area.

Retention of Category B Tree Mostly good: Medium Positive: Positive Impact: This Ash tree has minor but Good quality mature trees along Retention of good quality trees makes a rectifiable defects. Glossop Brook make a positive positive impact. contribution to the character of the conservation area.

Removal of Category U and Poor: Neutral: Neutral: Category C trees All of these trees are poor Poor quality self-seeded trees do New trees will be planted on the site. quality self-seeded trees. not make a significant contribution to the character of the conservation.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 46

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 7 Conclusions

7.1 History, Development and Usage

The development of the Howard Town site relates to the expansion of the local textile industry. The first structure to be erected on the site was the Bridge End fulling mill, erected at the western end of the Howard Town complex in 1781-2. The Howard Town Mill Complex was developed by John Wood (1785-1854). In 1819 he took over the Bridge End fulling mill, his business expanded and by 1824 he acquired land totalling over 11,000 square yards bounded by the Chapel-en-le-Frith turnpike road (Smithy Fold) to the west and his mill to the south. By the early 1840s the Wood’s empire employed over 1200 workers in mills ranging from Bridge End to Cross Cliffe. In 1846 Wood once again extended Howard Town to the east, acquiring most of the land up to Milltown Lane. His decision to bring gas to his mills required that he extend to the south across Glossop Brook. This appears to have been the last lease undertaken by the company. The company continued to thrive and in 1875 John Wood and Brothers became a limited company expanding to a 2,000-strong workforce, 4,000 looms and 221,000 spindles. Towards the end of the 19th century, the deaths of members of the Woods family, a declining economy and lack of interest by younger generations of the family led to the gradual decline of the company. Eventually, in 1921, the Woods sold the company and the last remaining members of the family moved away. The site remained in the same configuration until the late 20th century. Between 1951 and 2014 the western section of the former mill building was demolished, as were the associated structures to the north. The western section of the buildings to the south was also demolished. The terraced housing along the south side of Mill Street was demolished and the Glossop Community Transport offices were erected. The boiler house and associated buildings to the northwest of the site were demolished and today a modern industrial unit is located in this position. Along High Street, a leisure centre, garage and petrol station replaced the mill buildings.

7.2 Significance of the Existing Buildings

None of the buildings are listed structures, but the site is registered on the National Monuments Record (NMR SK 09 SW 25). The site is located within the Howard Town Conservation Area. Essentially Glossop is a mill town, and the mill complexes are a significant component of the historic landscape. The specific significance of the Wood’s Mill buildings lies in their evidential and illustrative value. The older structures provide evidence of the technological methods and advancements of the Textile industry, as well as illustrating the importance of that particular industry to the town of Glossop. The local community may feel a sense of communal pride, as many generations of local people have worked at the Mills. The limited palette of local building materials enhances the character of the Conservation Area.

7.3 The Proposed Works

7.3.1 Demolition The proposed development scheme includes the demolition of the majority of the existing structures on the site. These structures range from former mill buildings which make a low positive contribution to the character of the Conservation Area, former mill buildings which now make a negative contribution to the character, to late 20th century structures which make no contribution. The former mill buildings have been significantly altered, are derelict, in very poor condition and are not capable of beneficial re-use.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 47

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

7.3.2 The Proposed Development The proposed redevelopment of the site includes the construction of 49 dwellings with associated garages, car parking, access roads and landscaping. The residential development is located on the eastern and southern sections of the site. The retail development is located on the western section of the site to complement the existing retail adjacent to this location. Three new retail units are proposed including a small supermarket and new build retail unit to the south. Two new access points to the site are proposed, as are new footpaths and pedestrian links. These include a new public footpath along Glossop Brook.

7.3.3 Retention and Enhancement of Existing Positive Elements The proposal retains positive aspects of the site and removes negative aspects. The proposed development scheme retains the category B ash tree. The scheme also retains the stone boundary walls, a significant element of the historic landscape. The views over the countryside to the south will be enhanced and the relationship between the town centre, the brook and the countryside will be strengthened.

7.3.4 Design and Materials of the Proposed New Development The proposed development has been designed using good quality contextual materials and proportions similar to other good quality historic buildings in the area. Proposed materials include weathered finish reconstituted stone and slate coloured tile roofs. The proposed designs include vertically proportioned windows, pitched roofs with gable roofs with chimneys. The scheme is appropriate to the character and scale of the surrounding Conservation Area. The proposed massing, heights, footprint, and materials of the proposed new buildings are contextual, but make a positive 21st century contribution to the area.

7.4 Heritage Asset Considerations

7.4.1 National Planning Policy Framework Guidance The National Planning Policy Framework states that in determining applications, Local Planning Authorities should take account of:  the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation;  the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and  the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness.11

7.4.2 Affects of the New Development on the Character of the Conservation Area

The proposed scheme of works has been assessed against the significance of the structures and on the impact on the character of the Conservation Area. The assessment concluded that the individual elements of the proposed development will either have a low negative, neutral or positive impact upon the character of the Conservation Area, with an overall positive impact. The new residential complex has been designed with elements that reflect the historic character of the Conservation Area, such as the use of weathered stone and slate coloured tiles and elongated four

11 Department for Communities and Local Government, National Planning Policy Framework (London: Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012) 31. Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 48

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal light windows to reflect those in the Mill elevations. There is also a rhythm to the fenestration of the new builds that reflects that of the Mill buildings and the use of prominent stone window surrounds reflects an historic architectural detail found within the mill complex and wider Conservation Area.

7.4.3 Visual Impact of the Proposed New Development on Significant Views The visual impact of the proposed new development on the views into or out of the Howard Town Conservation Area will be minimal. The layout of the proposed development will enhance the view out of the Conservation Area to the south, allowing views of Glossop Brook and the countryside beyond. Although the new houses will be partially screened from the roads by the stone boundary walls, the new houses will be partly visible from Mill Street and High Street and from the ridge to the south of the Conservation Area. Careful design choices have been made to mitigate the impact of the new development on the character of the Conservation Area.

The significant view along Milltown has a canyon-like feel. This will be retained by retaining the mill building to the east, retaining the high stone wall to the west and erecting a new high stone wall to replace the wall of the demolished mill building.

Views within the Conservation Area from the west will be improved by the demolition of the derelict former mill buildings, the construction of high quality new residential units, the provision of a significant number of new trees and the improvements to the public realm.

7.5 Benefits of the Proposed Development

7.5.1 New Development will Enhance the Environment The proposed new residential development will remove some derelict buildings, retain significant stone boundary walls, introduce new trees and provide a sustainable long term use for the site. The proposals will bring an enhancement to the public realm, allowing pedestrian access to and along Glossop Brook, reducing the isolation of the area and transforming a private derelict area into an attractive riverside.

7.5.2 New Development will Contribute to the Economic Regeneration of the Area The new development will contribute to the economic regeneration of the area by the provision of jobs during the construction period and after this by enhancing the job opportunities in the retail sector within the Howard Town Development. The new retail development will enhance the good quality retail on offer and support destination shopping within Glossop. The provision of 49 good quality dwellings will encourage the expansion of the town.

7.5.3 Controlled and Positive Management of Change The proposed works are a considered response to the need to provide sufficient quality housing for the local area, thus contributing to the life and prosperity of the town. The proposals remove derelict structures and replace these with high quality structures in traditional materials, designed to reflect the historic urban grain of the area.

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 49

Land at Woods Mill: Heritage Appraisal

Section 8 Sources

Published Works Department for Communities and Local Government. National Planning Policy Framework. London: Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012. English Heritage. Conservation Principles: Policies and Guidance For The Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment. London: English Heritage, 2008. High Peak Borough Council. Woods Mill Interim Statement Planning Statement. January 2009. High Peak Borough Council. Glossop Design and Place Making Strategy. Design Brief for the Woods Mill Area. June 2011. Oxford Archaeology North. Milltown, Glossop Derbyshire. Archaeological Building Assessment. March 2007. Stroud, G. Derbyshire Extensive Urban Survey Archaeological Assessment Report; Glossop. 2001 Archaeology Unit. Howard Town Mill, Glossop. A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment of the Site and Archaeological Appraisal of the Standing Buildings. June 2005.

Maps and Plans 1838 Ordnance Survey Map of Glossop Town Centre. 1:63,360 1857, Poor Law Map of Glossop (II.12) 1881 Ordnance Survey Map of Glossop. 1: 2,500 (II.12) 1898 Ordnance Survey Map of Glossop. Second Edition. 1:2,500 (II.12) 1921 Ordnance Survey Map of Glossop. Third Edition. 1:2,500 (II.12) 1938 Ordnance Survey Map of Glossop. 1: 10, 560 (Sheet II.SE) 1951 Ordnance Survey Map of Glossop. 1: 10, 560 (Sheet SK09SW)

Archives, Libraries and Databases Consulted

Glossop Local Studies Library Archaeology Data Service Derbyshire Archive Service National Heritage List for National Monument Record Excavation Index

Kathryn Sather & Associates Page 50