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Guidelines for the Comprehensive Support of Those Bereaved

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Guidelines for the Comprehensive Support of Those Bereaved Guidelines for the Comprehensive Support of Those Bereaved Translation of a public document TGuidelines for the Comprehensive Support of Those Bereaved * Edited and translated by the Japan Support Center for Suicide Countermeasures Published in August 2018 I. Introduction relatives and others were cited in the provisions of the Basic Law, and for the first time such support was 1. Background and aims of drawing up this guidebook clearly stated in law. After repeated trial and error, in 2015, gatherings for persons bereaved (Wakachiai no Deaths by suicide soared in Japan in 1998 and Kai) began to be held in all the prefectures. As it continued to maintain a high annual rate in excess of gradually came to be recognized that bereaved 30,000 lives, but since the passage of the Basic Law families need not only psychological support but also on Suicide Countermeasures in 2006 and the support for the tough challenges they face in their formulation of the General Principles of Suicide everyday lives, comprehensive support has come to Prevention Policy in 2007, the whole country has be the aim. promoted comprehensive steps to prevent suicide, and as a consequence Japan has achieved great Ten years passed since the Basic Law went into success, including a reduction in the number of effect, and steps to prevent suicide made significant suicide deaths to pre-spike levels. progress, but the present state is that, among the developed countries, Japan’s suicide rate is still The Basic Law on Suicide Countermeasures came high. into effect as the result of legislation introduced mainly by a nonpartisan group of Japanese Diet In 2016, with the aim of “realiz[ing] a society in members in June 2006 in response to a campaign which no one is driven to take their own life,” the demanding such measures by private sector groups Basic Law was revised through legislation engaged in suicide prevention or in assisting families introduced by Diet members in order to expand bereaved or those who have lost someone close to suicide prevention measures as all-inclusive support them through suicide. With the widespread for people’s lives through practical and pragmatic recognition that suicide, once likely to be considered initiatives at the local level, and to promote such a “personal problem,” is a “social problem,” Japan’s measures even more comprehensively and suicide countermeasures have developed in the form effectively. The new Basic Law clearly states that of collaborative social initiatives by the national suicide countermeasures ought to be implemented as government, local public entities, related “comprehensive support for people’s lives,” and that organizations, private sector groups, private all prefectures and municipalities will draw up their enterprise, ordinary citizens and other interested own plans on suicide countermeasures so that parties, and this has led to significant results. everyone can receive that support. Moreover, July 2017 saw the formulation of new General Principles The Basic Law passed in 2006 but before it took of Suicide Prevention Policy, based on the effect, with the exception of the activities of a very philosophy and aims of the revised Basic Law, to few private sector groups, hardly any support was serve as guidelines for suicide countermeasures that provided to those bereaved. Plans to assist bereaved the national government ought to promote. *Supplementary Information for Background to and Comments on the Guidebook for Those Bereaved (Suicide Policy Research 2019; As support for persons bereaved, the new General 2:48-50) Principles cites (1) supporting the operations of self- ©2018 Japan Support Center for Suicide Countermeasures. help groups for bereaved families, (2) encouraging 51 Suicide Policy Research (2019) | Volume 2 | Number 2 | 51-79 Guidelines for the Comprehensive Support of Those Bereaved post-crisis response in schools and workplaces, (3) Staff at local support centers for suicide promoting the provision of information relating to the countermeasures in prefectures and ordinance- comprehensive support needs of bereaved families designated cities and others, (4) improving the quality of personnel at Prefectural and municipal employees public agencies who deal with bereaved family Those in charge of, or who may be involved in, members and others, and (5) supporting bereaved suicide countermeasures in schools, workplaces children (Section 4 “Pressing Priority Policies for or the community (teachers, managers in the Comprehensive Suicide Countermeasures,” Item 9 workplace, district welfare commissioners, “Improving support for the bereaved”). commissioned child welfare volunteers, social welfare councils, etc.) The present guidebook sets forth what constitutes Providers of health care, medical care and “comprehensive support for people’s lives,” based on welfare services the General Principles. The legal profession (lawyers, shiho-shoshi lawyers*who are qualified to prepare legal Specifically, in addition to support for running self- documents, etc.) help groups, etc., this guidebook gathers together the Others: families bereaved, those who have points to be kept in mind on providing information occasion to be interact with them, etc. (police, regarding the comprehensive support needs of fire departments, funeral directors, religious bereaved families and others that will be available leaders, etc.) and those engaged in activities to wherever they live in Japan; on the post-crisis support bereaved families response in schools and workplaces; on raising awareness and incorporating specialized instruction 3. Points to keep in mind when using this guidebook into the curriculum to improve the attitudes of personnel at public agencies toward bereaved Each local public entity or related organization that families and the way they deal with them; and on promotes initiatives to support families bereaved as providing support to young children bereaved; and part of their community’s comprehensive suicide broadly speaking on facilitating support for those so countermeasures needs to develop concrete activities bereaved. based on the actual conditions of its respective communities and the actual state of its social 2. Users of this guidebook resources. Please be aware that this guidebook does not recommend adopting a uniform response for all This guidebook gathers together the important bereaved families. perspectives and points to keep in mind so that everyone involved with families bereaved, or with assisting such families, can promote effective approaches in accordance with the provisions for their support set forth in the revised General Principles of Suicide Prevention Policy (adopted by Cabinet decision, July 2017). It has been prepared primarily for the staff of local public entities (at the prefectural or municipal level) involved with suicide countermeasures as well as those who will actually be dealing with suicide countermeasures and measures to support families bereaved in society such as in schools, workplaces or communities. 52 Suicide Policy Research (2019) | Volume 2 | Number 2 | 51-79 Guidelines for the Comprehensive Support of Those Bereaved II. Main Text (2) The situation of bereaved individuals and the issues facing them 1. Basic concepts The death of someone close is a distressing event for anyone, and those who are left behind are said to be (1) Who are “the bereaved”? affected emotionally, physically, behaviorally, practically and in various other ways. But when a Among “those bereaved,”1 at first, the intended users person loses someone close, many complain that, in of support programs were primarily thought to be addition to these effects, as a result of relatives (by blood or by marriage), but recently not misunderstandings about suicide from those around just relatives but work colleagues, schoolmates, them and for other reasons, “No one understands,” “I fiancés/fiancées, partners in common-law marriages, have no one to talk to who is able to share my grief,” close friends, etc., have come to be included. “I haven’t received the information I need,” “Bereaved persons” in this guidebook include all “Problems are occurring at home,” “I have been hurt those who may be affected by a self-inflicted death. by the words and attitudes of those around me.” In addition, there are instances in which bereaved Suicide arouses various thoughts and feelings in the persons as next of kin must deal with legal matters bereaved. These range widely from anger to remorse, and a number of other formalities. guilt feelings, denial, confusion, repudiation of the deceased, apathy, etc. When engaged in supporting More than a decade after the passage of the Basic Law, bereaved persons, it is important to understand their activities supporting the bereaved are better provided situations and provide courteous and respectful for than they had been, but ongoing efforts are needed support. From what is known thus far, the suicide of to improve them. a single person is said to have a profound effect on at least five to ten people close to him or her, but, in fact, (3) Aims of support for those bereaved it is believed to affect far more people than that. In addition, it has a huge impact not only family and The aims of support for persons bereaved are to view friends but also on the deceased’s local community, it in a comprehensive way, to eliminate prejudice in school or workplace. regard to self-inflicted deaths and to provide the bereaved with the psychological and practical support Since the Basic Law and the
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