DOCSLIB.ORG

A Survey of the Elymus L. S. L. Species Complex (Triticeae, Poaceae) in Italy: Taxa and Nothotaxa, New Combinations and Identification Key

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Survey of the Elymus L. S. L. Species Complex (Triticeae, Poaceae) in Italy: Taxa and Nothotaxa, New Combinations and Identification Key Natural History Sciences. Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 5 (2): 57-64, 2018 DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2018.392 A survey of the Elymus L. s. l. species complex (Triticeae, Poaceae) in Italy: taxa and nothotaxa, new combinations and identification key Enrico Banfi Abstract - Elymus s. l. is a critical topic on which only a little INTRODUCTION light has begun to be made regarding phylogenetic reticulation, Elymus L. s. l. is one of the most debated topic among genome evolution and consistency of genera. In Italy, Elymus s. l. officially includes ten species (nine native, one alien) and some genera within the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae), with represen- well-established and widespread hybrids generally not treated as tatives spread all over the world. It has been the subject little or nothing is known of them. In this paper fourteen species of basic studies (Löve A., 1984; Dewey, 1984) that have (with two subspecies) and six hybrids are taken into account and opened important horizons not only in the field of agroge- the following seven new combinations are proposed: Thinopyrum netic research, but also and especially on systematics and acutum (DC.) Banfi, Thinopyrum corsicum (Hack.) Banfi, Thi- taxonomy. However, the still rather coarse knowledge of nopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey subsp. pouzolzii (Godr.) Banfi, Thinopyrum obtusiflorum (DC.) Banfi, Thinopyrum the genomes and the lack of a satisfactory interpretation ×duvalii (Loret) Banfi, ×Thinoelymus drucei (Stace) Banfi, ×Thi- of their role in the highly reticulate phylogeny of Triticeae noelymus mucronatus (Opiz) Banfi. Some observations are pro- for a long time discouraged taxonomists to clarify species vided for each subject and a key to species, subspecies and hybrids relationships within Elymus s. l., trying to circumscribe is made available. genera consistent on genetic and morphological basis. Key words: combinations, Elymus, Elytrigia, hybrids, Italy, Subsequently many researchers supported by phylogene- key, nomenclature, taxonomy, Thinopyrum, ×Thinoelymus. tic investigation have solved problems of genome identi- ty succeeding in a more and more better clarification of intergenomial affinities and confirming more and more Riassunto - I recenti progressi della filogenesi in campo geno- reliably the genome donors (see for example Chen et al., miale hanno consentito di riproporre la delimitazione di alcuni generi più o meno sommersi in Elymus s. l. In Italia ad Elymus s. 1998; Dızkirici et al., 2010; Fan et al., 2013; Mason- l. sono ascritte ufficialmente dieci specie (nove autoctone e una Gamer, 2013; Dong et al., 2015; Gao et al., 2016). For alloctona) oltre ad alcuni ibridi stabilizzati e ben diffusi, ma poco taxonomic purposes, some correlations between genetic considerati in quanto mal conosciuti. In questa sede sono prese in arrangement (expressible through genomial formulas) considerazione quattordici specie (con due sottospecie) e sei ibridi, and morphology, ecology and phytogeography have gra- inoltre vengono proposte le seguenti sette nuove combinazioni: dually been highlited although much remains to be done. Thinopyrum acutum (DC.) Banfi, Thinopyrum corsicum (Hack.) Banfi, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey subsp. The synthesis of current knowledge is summarized in the pouzolzii (Godr.) Banfi, Thinopyrum obtusiflorum (DC.) Banfi, taxonomic model adopted by Soreng et al. (2017), where Thinopyrum ×duvalii (Loret) Banfi, ×Thinoelymus drucei (Stace) Elymus s. l. is resolved into five genera [in the haplome Banfi, ×Thinoelymus mucronatus (Opiz) Banfi. Ad ogni entità acronym, P stands for Agropyron Gaertn., H for Hordeum trattata sono affiancate delle osservazioni e infine si fornisce una L. sect. Stenostachys Nevski, Y possibly for Peridic- chiave per la determinazione di specie, sottospecie e ibridi. tyon sanctum (Janka) Seberg and W for Australopyrum Parole chiave: chiave, combinazioni, Elymus, Elytrigia, ibridi, (Tzvelev) Á.Löve.]: Douglasdeweya C.Yen, J.L.Yang & Italia, nomenclatura, tassonomia, Thinopyrum, ×Thinoelymus. B.R.Baum (haplome: StP), Elymus L. [LT: E. sibiricus L.] (= Campeiostachys Drobow, Elytrigia Desv., Hystrix Mo- ench, Roegneria K.Koch, Sitanion Raf.; haplomes: StH, StStH, StHY, StY), Kengyilia C.Yen & J.L.Yang (haplo- me: StYP), Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á.Löve (haplome: St) and Thinopyrum Á.Löve (haplome: J). On this basis, Sezione di Botanica, Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, Corso the European Elymus s. l. (Melderis, 1980) consists of th- Venezia 55, 20121 Milano, Italia. ree genera, Elymus s. s., Pseudoroegneria and Thinopy- E-mail: [email protected] rum, among which Elymus and Thinopyrum are represen- ted in Italy. © 2018 Enrico Banfi The knowledge of Elymus s. l. in Italy remained sub- Received: 29 January 2018 stantially the same for a long time, starting from Fiori Accepted for publication: 5 September 2018 (1923), who reported sub “Agropyrum” six species (incl. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. subsp. pectinatum 58 ENRICO BANFI (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev = A. pectiniforme Roem. & Schult.), in relation to the development of pre- and post-anthetic fourteen varieties and two hybrids. Pignatti (1982), anthers, the quantity and quality of the pollen and the adopting again Agropyron, considered a total of ten spe- presence of normally developed caryopses in late season cies and two hybrids; finally Pignatti (2017), recovering collected specimens. Furthermore, the morphology of the Elymus and keeping apart A. pectiniforme, takes into ac- leaf adaxial surface was taken into account, especially re- count nine species, three subspecies and four hybrids. garding the kind of ribs (thickness and profile), their suc- The current treatment is reported in the checklist of the cession from margin to margin on blade surface and the Italian flora (Bartolucciet al., 2018; Galasso et al., 2018). presence of trichomes such as spinules, short hairs, long No doubt, the major troubles in systematics and taxono- hairs. Cilia and spinules have also been checked on the my of Italian Elymus are derived largely from the strong edges of the rachis and rachilla segments as well as on diversity of Elymus repens and its gene flow relation- margins and keels of glumes, lemmas and paleas together ships with Thinopyrum species, still overall difficult to with free margins and surface of the sheath. A particular interpret and so far only partially resolved. In this regard, kind of spinules called papillae, provided with a bulbous the most influenced morphological characters are the base with an aculeate apex facing forward (antrorse) re- glaucescence, the profile, thickness and sequence of ribs calling the sting of a scorpion, has been investigated on on the adaxial blade surface, the morphology of glumes the adaxial, concave surface of the glumes as an important and lemmas and the hairiness. Hohla & Scholz (2011) diagnostic character. Finally, dimensional characters of have investigated some Austrian Elytrigia populations the synflorescence, spikelet and flower, together with fea- concluding with the description of two species, Elytrigia tures of the vegetative shoots, culm bases and rhizomes, aeneana and E. laxula, recognized by these authors as have also been taken into consideration. separated from the sympatric Elytrigia repens (= Ely- mus repens) and E. atherica (= Thinopyrum acutum, see below) and believed to be endemic to Austria. Unfortu- TAXA AND NOTHOTAXA TREATED, NEW nately, nothing is known about ploidy level and genome, COMBINATIONS however, because of pollen sterility documented by the According to the checklist of both native and alien same authors, E. aeneana and E. laxula are likely to fall Italian flora (Bartolucci et al., 2018; Galasso et al. 2018), into the hybrid complex of Elymus campestris, E. repens Elymus s. l. (excl. Agropyron) in Italy is represented by and Thinopyrum acutum, shared by most of the popula- ten species, nine of which native and one alien (E. ob- tions from Europe, including Italy. Such phenotypes, for tusiflorus); there are three subspecies, one of which (E. example, can be observed in France (Tison & de Fou- hispidus subsp. pouzolzii) is indicated as possibly present, cault, 2014), where thrive both Elymus campestris subsp. but until now not confirmed. The Italian (regional) distri- campestris and E. c. subsp. maritimus (Tzvelev) Lambi- bution for each taxon is reported with further information non, the first one known as the parental of hybrids with in the aforementioned checklists. In the present treatment, Elymus repens and Thinopyrum intermedium. In Italy E. six species, that for some reasons concern the Italian flo- campestris subsp. campestris was erroneously reported ra, have also been taken into account. Furthermore I have by Fiori (1923) as a synonym of Agropyron repens (L.) considered three nothotaxa and three unnamed hybrids, P.Beauv. var. arenosum (Spenner) Fiori (≡ Elymus areno- both actually and potentially widespread in Italy, which sus (Spenner) Conert), generating a double issue since are poorly known, possibly confused with the parental 1) the synonymy is mistaken, 2) the distributional area species and only marginally mentioned in the floras. I did of E. arenosus is limited to northern Atlantic Europe. not take into consideration the genus Agropyron since it Nevertheless, as we will see later, there are concrete in- appears sufficiently separated from Elymus s.l., to which dications of the occurrence of Elymus campestris in Italy is related only as genome donor. and at
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects of Agronomic Treatments on Silphium Integrifolium, a Potential Perennial Oilseed
    Effects of Agronomic Treatments on Silphium integrifolium, a Potential Perennial Oilseed A Thesis SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sydney A. Schiffner IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Craig C. Sheaffer, Advisor August 2018 © Sydney Schiffner 2018 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my advisor, Dr. Craig Sheaffer, for allowing me to pursue a degree in Applied Plant Sciences on the Agronomy/Agroecology track within his lab. I would next like to thank Dr. Jacob Jungers, and Dr. Nicole Tautges for their assistance with interpreting findings and help with statistical analysis on my data. Next I would like to thank lab technicians Joshua Larson, Lindsay Wilson and Donn Vellekson for their assistance in field management and data collection. Thanks also to the Sustainable Cropping System/Forages lab and all of the interns and MAST students that helped make my research possible with their dedication to good science and field research. This project was funded by the Malone Foundation through The Land Institute, and I would like to thank Dr. David Van Tassel at The Land Institute for being on call whenever I had any odd question about silphium. Thank you to my friends and family who have supported me through this rigorous scientific endeavor, and last of all thank you to my fellow graduate students. Without your fellowship for the past few years, I definitely wouldn’t have made it through graduate school, or had as much of a fun time going through it.
    [Show full text]
  • Thinopyrum Ponticum Grass
    ALL HEATGRASS G16 © photos G. Sainty & M. McCaskill T W SALTdeck Series Thinopyrum ponticum GRASS 8cm 1m lemma T. junceiforme Sea Wheat Grass spikelet not fully opened Sustainable TALL WHEATGRASS Grazing on SALTdeck Series Thinopyrum ponticum Saline Land © LWW & AWI 2006 Alternative names: Thinopyrum elongatum, Agropyron elongatum, Lophopyron elongatum. G16 Family: Poaceae. Description: Deep rooted tussock-forming perennial to 1.3 m tall. Leaves to 50 cm long, 4–8 mm wide, hairless or with scattered hairs, with a scabrous point and margins. Key features: Seedhead an unbranched spike to 30 cm long that breaks up at maturity, the spikelets placed with the flat side to the axis. Value: The most common cultivar is Tyrrell; DPI Victoria in 2001 released a more leafy cultivar named Dundas. Slow to establish and should not be grazed in its first year. Responds to hard grazing and the application of nitrogen. Subsoil moisture or summer rainfall is necessary for good production. Highly productive and of high nutritive value (supports high animal growth rates) if kept vegetative and leafy, but will revert to low nutritive value and palatability (less than a maintenance feed) if allowed to grow rank and set seed. Can be highly invasive in wetland areas. Salinity and waterlogging tolerance: Does not persist in soils that are waterlogged over spring and into summer. Grows in soils that have low to moderate salinity. Notes: Native of southern and eastern Europe, western Asia. Used in rehabilitation projects where there are soils with H moderate salinity (up to EC 30 dS/m). M References: Saltland Pastures in Australia, Barrett-Lennard, 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgenic Wheat Expressing Thinopyrum Intermedium MYB Transcription Factor Timyb2r-1 Shows Enhanced Resistance to the Take-All Disease
    Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 64, No. 8, pp. 2243–2253, 2013 doi:10.1093/jxb/ert084 Advance Access publication 1 April, 2013 This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details) RESEARCH PAPER Transgenic wheat expressing Thinopyrum intermedium MYB transcription factor TiMYB2R-1 shows enhanced resistance to the take-all disease Xin Liu1,*, Lihua Yang1,2,*, Xianyao Zhou1,*, Miaoping Zhou3,*, Yan Lu1, Lingjian Ma2, Hongxiang Ma3 and Zengyan Zhang1,† 1 The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops of the Agriculture Ministry, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 3 Biotechnology Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China *These authors contributed equally to this work. †To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Received 7 November 2012; Revised 25 February 2013; Accepted 28 February 2013 Abstract The disease take-all, caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis, is one of the most destructive root diseases of wheat worldwide. Breeding resistant cultivars is an effective way to protect wheat from take-all. However, little progress has been made in improving the disease resistance level in commercial wheat cultivars. MYB transcrip- tion factors play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses. In this study, an R2R3-MYB gene in Thinopyrum intermedium, TiMYB2R-1, was cloned and characterized. The gene sequence includes two exons and an intron.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Eest-Genome Species in Pseudoroegneria and Elytrigia (Poaceae: Triticeae) by Using SCAR Markers from ITS Sequences Z.H
    Identification of EeSt-genome species in Pseudoroegneria and Elytrigia (Poaceae: Triticeae) by using SCAR markers from ITS sequences Z.H. Tao* and L. Yin* Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China *These authors contributed equally to this study. Corresponding author: L. Yin E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 14 (1): 815-822 (2015) Received April 15, 2014 Accepted September 23, 2014 Published February 2, 2015 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.February.2.6 ABSTRACT. To detect EeSt-genome species in Pseudoroegneria and Elytrigia, the primers ES45 (5'-GTAGGCGACGGTTTTCA-3') and ES261 (5'-TCGCTACGTTCTTCATC-3') were designed as sequence characterized amplified region markers based on the 6-base pair indel in internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) regions and conserved sites in the 5.8S regions, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction of ITS fragments in 27 Triticeae accessions was used for amplification with a touchdown thermocycling profile. Two amplicons were purified, sequenced, and aligned. The results indicated that: 1) primers ES45 and ES261 generated the expected products, 2) ITS sequences of EeSt-genome species are characterized by a 6-base pair indel, and 3) 13 taxa in Pseudoroegneria and Elytrigia should be included in Trichopyrum. The primers ES45 and ES261 were useful for detecting ITS fragments with 6-bp indel and are helpful for clarifying taxonomic classifications of eE St-genome species in Triticeae. Key words: Indel; Lophopyrum; Perennial genera; Polyploid Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (1): 815-822 (2015) ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Z.H. Tao and L. Yin 816 INTRODUCTION Pseudoroegneria, Elytrigia, and Lophopyrum are 3 perennial genera in tribe Triticeae (Löve, 1984).
    [Show full text]
  • Elytrigia and Elymus (Agropyron)
    Plant Crib ELYTRIGIA AND ELYMUS (AGROPYRON) 1. General There are number of problems which can cause confusion in these genera, though the species are themselves usually quite distinct. i) Changes in nomenclature. The current names and recent synonymy are as follows: Elymus caninus (L.) L. (Agropyron caninum) Elytrigia atherica (Link) Kerguélen ex Carreras Mart. (Elymus pycnanthus; Agropyron pungens) Elytrigia juncea (L.) Nevski (Elymus farctus; Agropyron junciforme) Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski (Elymus repens; Agropyron repens) Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. (Elymus arenarius) ii) Plants with awns. Plants of Elytrigia repens with awns are quite common and tend to be recorded as Elymus caninus by the unwary (when the florets of the latter drop or are pulled off, the two glumes stay attached to the stem, but come off with the floret in Elytrigia repens). Elytrigia atherica may also have awns. iii) Both Elytrigia repens and E. atherica may grow on saltmarshes and adjacent banks, especially in the north, and are frequently confused by the unwary if it is assumed only the latter occurs on saltmarshes. iv) Hybrids may be locally frequent near the coast (e.g. E. ´ drucei seems to be much more common in Cumbria than E. atherica, which may not occur at all; Halliday 1997). When the jizz of the parents is known, hybrids can be picked out as intermediate from a few metres away. v) The hairs on the margins of the leaf sheaths may rub off late in the season. In the following rather unsatisfactory key (updated from Wigginton & Graham 1981) an attempt has been made to key out the hybrids, which as a rule have empty anthers.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Assessment Report on Agropyron Repens (L.) P. Beauv., Rhizoma
    07 July 2021 EMA/HMPC/113793/2021 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., rhizoma Draft Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC (traditional use) Herbal substance(s) (binomial scientific name of Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., rhizoma the plant, including plant part) Herbal preparation(s) a) Comminuted herbal substance b) Liquid extract (DER 1:1), extraction solvent ethanol 20-25% V/V c) Tincture (ratio of herbal substance to extraction solvent 1:5), extraction solvent ethanol 40% V/V Pharmaceutical form(s) Comminuted herbal substance as herbal tea for oral use. Herbal preparations in liquid dosage forms for oral use. First assessment Rapporteur E Widy-Tyszkiewicz Revision Rapporteur W Dymowski Assessor A Parzonko Peer-reviewer H Pinto-Ferreira Note: This draft assessment report is published to support the public consultation of the draft European Union herbal monograph on Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv, rhizoma. It is a working document, not yet edited, and shall be further developed after the release for consultation of the monograph. Interested parties are welcome to submit comments to the HMPC secretariat, which will be taken into consideration but no ‘overview of comments received during the public consultation’ will be prepared on comments that will be received on this assessment report. The publication of this draft assessment report has been agreed to facilitate the understanding by Interested Parties of the assessment that has been carried out so far and led to the preparation of the draft monograph public statement. Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Cool Season Grasses Guide
    NATIVE COOL SEASON GRASSES GUIDE PURE STAND SEEDING RATES SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME HEIGHT (PLS LBS/ACRE) Achnatherum hymenoides Indian Rice Grass 1.5' 8 Agropyron smithii Western Wheatgrass 3' 12 Agropyron trachycaulum Slender Wheatgrass 3' 8 Bromus anomalus Nodding Brome 2' 18 Bromus carinatus California Brome 4' 15 Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome 4' 10 Bromus kalmii Prairie Brome 3' 12 Bromus marginatus Mountain Brome 4' 25 Bromus purgans Hairy Wood Chess 4' 12 Calamagrostis canadensis Blue Joint Reed Grass (Canada Bluejoint) 4' 0.4 Danthonia spicata Poverty Oats 1' 4 Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hairgrass 3.5' 2 Elymus canadensis Canada Wildrye 3'–4' 8 Elymus elymoides Bottlebrush Squirreltail 1.5' 8 Elymus glaucus Blue Wildrye 5' 12 Elymus lanceolatus Thickspike (Streambank) Wheatgrass 2.5' 10 SEASONNATIVE COOL GRASSES GUIDE Elymus riparius Riverbank Wildrye 4' 8 Elymus villosus Silky Wildrye 3' 8 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wildrye 3' 12 Elymus wawawaiensis Snake River Wheatgrass 2.5' 18 Festuca arizonica Arizona Fescue 2' 3 Festuca campestris Rough Fescue 1.5' 8 Festuca idahoensis Idaho Fescue 2' 4 Festuca obtusa Nodding Fescue 2' 5 Festuca occidentalis Western Fescue 3' 5 Festuca saximontana Rocky Mountain Fescue 3' 2 75 SPEAK WITH A SPECIALIST NOW! | 888.498.7333 NATIVE COOL SEASON GRASSES GUIDE CONTINUED PURE STAND SEEDING RATES SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME HEIGHT (PLS LBS/ACRE) Glyceria canadensis Rattlesnake Grass 3' 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Manna Grass 3' 0.8 Hordeum brachyantherum Meadow Barley 2.5' 10 Hordeum jubatum Squirrel Tail Grass 2' 8 Koeleria cristata Prairie June Grass 2' 0.8 Leersia oryzoides Ride Cut Grass 4' 3 Leymus cinereus Great Basin Wildrye 5' 11 Leymus salinus Salina Wildrye 2.5' 12 Leymus triticoides Beardless Wildrye (Creeping Wildrye) 3' 9 Poa alpina Alpine Bluegrass 1.75' 2 Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass 8" 2 Poa fenderiana Muttongrass 2' 2 Poa nervosa Wheeler Bluegrass 1.8' 2 Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass 2' 0.8 Poa secunda ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Rooting Depths of Native Grasses and Amenity Grasses With
    HORTSCIENCE 45(3):393–400. 2010. [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] was as effec- tive as any of the tree species studied at mechanically stabilizing soil and that switch- Relative Rooting Depths of Native grass was significantly more effective. Beard (1989) reported that bermudagrass [Cynodon Grasses and Amenity Grasses with dactylon (L.) Pers.] was the most deeply rooted of the commonly used turfgrasses with Potential for Use on Roadsides a depth of more than 2.5 m under mowed conditions. Fairway wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] and tall fescue were in New England the most deeply rooted of the cool-season Rebecca Nelson Brown1, Cynthia Percivalle, Sophia Narkiewicz, grasses. In a study of 16 tall fescue cultivars and Samantha DeCuollo and lines, Kim et al. (1999) found that all entries rooted to 60-cm depth, and five entries Department of Plant Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 210 Woodward rooted to 75-cm depth. There was no differ- Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 ence in rooting depth between tall forage types and lower-growing turf or dwarf types Additional index words. Festuca rubra, Sorghastrum nutans, Panicum virgatum, Andropogon when plants were clipped. Sprague (1933) gerardii, Festuca brevipila, Elymus canadensis, Elymus virginicus, Elymus villosus, Elymus found that almost all the roots of kentucky hystrix, Panicum amarum, Pucciniellia distans, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Agro- bluegrass and multiple species of bentgrass stis perennans, Schizachyrium scoparium, Deschampsia cespitosa, Muhlenbergia schreberi, (Agrostis spp.) occurred in the top 10 cm of Eragrostis spectabilis, Bouteloua courtipendula, Koeleria macrantha, Sporobolous cryptan- the soil profile, whereas hard fescue had drous, Bromus inermis a more even root distribution and that weekly mowing at lawn height versus annual mow- Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • ESTUDIO DE LA MICOBIOTA ENDOFÍTICA ASOCIADA a LAS GRAMÍNEAS Dactylis Glomerata, Holcus Lanatus, Ammophila Arenaria Y Elymus Farctus
    UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA Y GENÉTICA ESTUDIO DE LA MICOBIOTA ENDOFÍTICA ASOCIADA A LAS GRAMÍNEAS Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Ammophila arenaria y Elymus farctus Mª Salud Sánchez Márquez 2009 DR. ÍÑIGO ZABALGOGEAZCOA GONZÁLEZ, CIENTÍFICO TITULAR DEL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS (CSIC), EN EL INSTITUTO DE RECURSOS NATURALES Y AGROBIOLOGÍA DE SALAMANCA, CERTIFICA Que la memoria titulada “ESTUDIO DE LA MICOBIOTA ENDOFÍTICA ASOCIADA A LAS GRAMÍNEAS Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Ammophila arenaria y Elymus farctus”, presentada por Dña. Mª Salud Sánchez Márquez para optar al grado de Doctora en Ciencias Biológicas por la Universidad de Salamanca, ha sido realizada bajo mi dirección, en el Departamento de Estrés Abiótico del Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Y para autorizar su presentación y evaluación por el tribunal correspondiente, expide y firma el presente certificado en Salamanca, a 20 de febrero de 2009. Fdo. Dr. Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa González ÍNDICE Página 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ……………………………………………………………….. 7 1.1. Aspectos históricos de la investigación sobre hongos endofíticos …………... 10 1.2. Epichloë y Neotyphodium, los hongos endofíticos sistémicos de gramíneas .. 12 1.2.1. Ciclos de vida de Epichloë y Neotyphodium ………………………... 13 1.2.2. Efectos beneficiosos de Epichloë y Neotyphodium …………………. 16 1.2.3. Efectos perjudiciales de los endofitos en el ganado …………………. 18 1.3. Hongos endofíticos no Epichloë …………………………………………….. 19 1.3.1. Abundancia y diversidad taxonómica ………………………………... 20 1.3.2. Especificidad de tejidos ………………………………………………. 21 1.3.3. Especificidad por el hospedador ……………………………………… 22 1.3.4. Transmisión …………………………………………………………... 23 1.3.5. Tipos de interacción planta-hongo endofítico ………………………… 24 1.3.6.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Wheat Genetics: from Genome to Field Proceedings of the 12Th International Wheat Genetics Symposium Advances in Wheat Genetics: from Genome to Field
    Yasunari Ogihara · Shigeo Takumi Hirokazu Handa Editors Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field Proceedings of the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field Yasunari Ogihara • Shigeo Takumi Hirokazu Handa Editors Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field Proceedings of the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium Editors Yasunari Ogihara Shigeo Takumi Kihara Institute for Biological Research Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Yokohama City University Kobe University Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan Kobe , Hyogo , Japan Hirokazu Handa Plant Genome Research Unit National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan ISBN 978-4-431-55674-9 ISBN 978-4-431-55675-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55675-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015949398 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2015 . The book is published with open access at SpringerLink.com. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- commercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Value, Mineral Composition, Secondary Metabolites, and Antioxidant Activity of Some Wild Geophyte Sedges and Grasses
    plants Article Nutritional Value, Mineral Composition, Secondary Metabolites, and Antioxidant Activity of Some Wild Geophyte Sedges and Grasses Saud L. Al-Rowaily 1, Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad 1,2,* , Suliman M. Alghanem 3, Wafa’a A. Al-Taisan 4 and Yasser A. El-Amier 2 1 Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; [email protected] 3 Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 4 Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +20-1003438980 or +966-562680864 Received: 11 November 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019; Published: 4 December 2019 Abstract: Geophytes are plants with underground storage organs including bulbs, corms, tubers, and rhizomes, often physiologically active and able to survive during harsh environmental conditions. This study is conducted to assess the nutritive value, mineral composition, bioactive metabolites, and antioxidant activity of five wild geophytes (Cyperus capitatus, C. conglomeratus, Elymus farctus, Lasiurus scindicus, and Panicum turgidum) collected from the Nile Delta coast and inland desert. The proximate composition including dry matter, moisture content, ash content, fiber, fat, protein, sucrose, and glucose were determined. Also, total carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients (TDN), and nutritive values were calculated. Macro- and micro-minerals were also determined in the studied geophytes.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology Habitat Management Options Weeds: Quackgrass(Elymus Repens (Elytrigia Repens, Agropyron Repens))
    Page: 1 (revision date:4/7/2021) Weeds: Quackgrass(Elymus repens (Elytrigia repens, Agropyron repens)) family: Poaceae (Graminae) cycle Perennial plant type: Grass Use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for successful plant problem management. Biology Quackgrass is a perennial grass which spreads by both seeds and rhizomes, forming dense clumps if left unchecked. The spreading rhizomes are typically pale yellow in color and sharply pointed at the tips. Uncut plants are one to three feet high. The leaves are narrow and flat with rough upper surfaces. Leaf blades are frequently constricted near the tip, which helps in identifying non-flowering plants. The seed head of flowering plants consists of two rows of spikelets on opposite sides of the spike. The seed head is typically six to ten inches long. SPECIAL INFORMATION: Quackgrass can be difficult to eradicate once established. Repeated cultivation to expose and cut up the rhizomes has been effective in some areas. In Oregon, quackgrass is on the noxious weed quarantine list, which prohibits sale, purchase, and transport of plants, seeds, and plant parts. Habitat Quackgrass is common in fields, grasslands, and waste areas on fertile soils. It may invade newly planted lawns, and also may become a problem in home gardens and ornamental plantings. Management Options Non-Chemical Management ~ Digging and carefully removing all rhizomes will effectively eliminate single plants and small infestations. ~ However, this is very time consuming and frustrating. Select non-chemical management options as your first choice! Chemical Management IMPORTANT: Visit Home and Garden Fact Sheets for more information on using pesticides Apply according to label directions.
    [Show full text]