E1139 Volume 2 Government of Poland rZGW Wroclaw Ministry of Interior and Administration RZGW Gliwice Office for Natural Disasters Recovery DZMiUW Ministry of Environment Public Disclosure Authorized
ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized
,~~~~~~U Public Disclosure Authorized
*~~~ Public Disclosure Authorized
Main Report
August 2005 I TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1...... I 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .1 1.2 EMERGENCY FLOOD RECOVERY PROJECT .3 1.3 STRATEGIC CONTEXT: THE ODRA 2006 PROGRAMME .4 1.4 THE ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT .5 1.5 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .5 1.6 THE EA TEAM.6 1.7 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .6
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 7 2.1 THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT .... 7...... 7 2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 7 2.3 THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER ...... 9 2.3.1 General.9 2.3.2 Resettlement.9 2.3.3 Principal characteristics of the reservoir .10 2.3.4 The embankment and outlet works .10 2.3 .5 Ancillary works.10 2.3.6 Construction cost.12 2.4 THE MODERNIZATION OF THE WROCLAW FLOODWAY SYSTEM ...... 13 2.4.1 General ...... 13 2.4.2 Sub-components of WFS ...... 13 2.4.3 Cost of WFS ...... 17 2.5 TOTAL COST AND BENEFITS OF THE ORFPP ...... 17 2.5.1 Total cost of investment .17 2.5.2 Operational and maintenance costs .17 2.5.3 Effectiveness of the scheme .17 2.5.4 Project benefits.18 2.5.5 Economic viability.18
CHAPTER 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 19 3.1 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING .19 3.2 DECENTRALISED GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION .19 3.3 POLISH LAWS APPLICABLE .20 3.4 POLISH ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS .21 3.5 THE PROCEDUREEIA .22 3.6 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES .23 3.7 APPLICABLE EU DIRECTIVES .23 3.8 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES .24 3.9 COMPLIANCE WITH POLISH LEGISLATION AND WORLD BANK POLICIES .25
CHAPTER 4 ANALYSES OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 27 4.1 THE WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO .27 4.2 THE WITH PROJECT SCENARIO .27 4.3 OVERALL PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES .27 !!
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5.4.6 Monumental water management structures on the Odra river in Wroclaw ...... 62 5.4.7 Legal protection ...... 64 5.4.8 Organization of conservation of archaeological heritage ...... 64 CHAPTER 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS ...... 65 6.1 TH E IM PA C T S ...... 65 6.2 IMPACTS OF THE ORFPP (ALL COMPONENTS COMBINED) . . 65 6.2.1 Safety of people and property ...... 65 6.2.2 Dam failure ...... 65 6.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER (COMPONENT A) . . 66 6.3.1 Changes in land use and resettlement ...... 66 6.3.2 Relocation of public utilities ...... 68 6.3.3 Risk of damage to cultural properties ...... 68 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER (COMPONENT A) ... 69 6.4.1 Risk of damage to natural habitats during construction .69 6.4.2 Impact of lower flood levels on natural habitats downstream of Raciborz .72 6.4.3 Risk of damage to Tworkowski Forest during reservoir operation .73 6.4.4 Risk of damage of river continuum and ecological corridor .76 6.4.5 High risk of drowning of animals .77 6.5 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS (COMPONENT B) . . 77 6.5.1 Removal of homestead gardens and trees ...... 77 6.5.2 Risk of damaging archaeological monuments ...... 78 6.5.3 Risk of damaging historic water structures and retaining walls ...... 78 6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS . . 78 6.6.1 Local ElAs required for detailed planning ...... 78 6.6.2 Risk of damage to Natura 2000 sites during construction ...... 79 6.6.3 Damage due to dredging operations ...... 80 6.6.4 Impacts on small landscape elements ...... 82 CHAPTER 7 OTHER RELEVANT NON-PROJECT RELATED ISSUES ...... 83 7.1 COORDINATION OF PLANS REQUIRED ...... 83 7.2 FLOOD CONTROL AND PHYSICAL PLANNING ...... 83 7.3 IMPROVE INTEGRATION OF PLANNING OF INFRASTRUCTURAL WORKS . . 84 7.3.1 Integration of road designs in area upstreams of Wroclaw .84 7.3.2 Integration of design of new roads in Wroclaw area . 84 7.3.3 Hydraulic bottle-necks in the active floodplain .84 7.3.4 Expertise in ecology and environmental management . 86 7.3.5 Pollution from coal waste dump .86 7.3.6 Barriers for migrating fish .86
CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 87 8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE EMP ...... 87l 8.2 MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE INCLUDED IN DESIGN AND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS ... 87 8.2.1I General.87 8.2.2 Equipment sites and storage areas .88 8.2.3 Quarries and borrow pits .88 8.2.4 Embankment construction and earthworks .89 8.2.5 Dredging.90 8.2.6 Construction sites.91 8.2.7 Chance find procedures cultural heritage.91
I~~ ~ ~ ~ . DredgI ng...... 9 iii Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
8.3 STAND ALONE MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 92 8.3.1 Optimize reservoir operating rules to mitigate impacts on natural habitats ...... 92 8.3.2 Implement hydrobiological surveys and install monitoring network ...... 92 8.4 PROACTIVE COMPENSATORY MEASURES TO PRESERVE AND ENHANCE THE ODRA ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR ...... 94 8.4.1 Criteria for identification of compensation measures ...... 94 8.4.2 Measures to strengthen the ecological corridor between Chalupki and Raciborz ...... 94 8.4.3 Measures to strengthen the ecological corridor between Raciborz and Brzeg Dolny ...... 94 8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 95 8.6 COST OF EMP ...... 95 8.7 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES ...... 96 CHAPTER 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS ...... 103 9.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EMP .103 9.2 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTAL/SOCIAL SPECIALIST (PCU) .103 9.3 EMP/RAP TEAMS .104 9.4 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTAL/SOCIAL ENGINEERS RZGW/DZMIUW. 105 9.5 M&E CONSULTANTS .105 9.6 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING .106 CHAPTER 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE ...... 107 10.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING PROJECT PREPARATION ...... 107 10.2 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE SCOPING STAGE OF THE EA ...... 107 10.3 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS OF THE EA ...... 107 10.4 FINAL DISCLOSURE OF APPROVED EA ...... 108
LIST OF REFERENCES ...... 109
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 - Summary of construction cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN) ...... 12 Table 2.2 - Summary of resettlement cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN) ...... 12 Table 2.3 - Summary of implementation cost Raciborz reservoir (million PLN) ...... 12 Table 2.4 - Cost of WFS (million PLN) ...... 17 Table 2.5 - Breakdown of total cost of the project in million PLN ...... 17 Table 3.1 - Decentralised Government administration involved in Raciborz reservoir and WFS ...... 22 Table 3.2 - Relevant Intemational treaties and conventions signed by Poland ...... 23 Table 3.3 - Compliance of project with GOP legislation and WB policies ...... 26 Table 5.1 - Average monthly rainfall in the Upper Odra catchments in mm ...... 31 Table 5.2 - Demographic conditions in three Upper Odra voivodships (2003) ...... 43 Table 5.3 - Employment in Upper Odra voivodships (total persons employed in sector) ...... 43 Table 5.4 - Economic activities in Upper Odra voivodships (relative contribution to GDP in %) ...... 44 Table 5.5 - Total land use in ha and (%) ...... 44 Table 5.6 - Land use in the Raciborz Polder ...... 45 Table 5.7 - Agricultural land use in ha and (%) ...... 45 Table 5.8 - Anadromous and potamodromous fish stock in the Upper and Middle Odra ...... 55 Table 5.9 - Comparison of Polish categories of protected areas with IUCN classification system ...... 57 Table 5.10 - List of historical hydraulic and bridge structures around Wroclaw ...... 64 Table 6.1 - Potential Natura 2000 sites downstream of Raciborz affected by changes in flood regime ...... 73 Table 6.2 - Period of inundation and max. reservoir levels with various flood return periods and maximum release ...... 74 Table 8.1 - Summary of cost Environmental Management Plan ...... 96 Table 8.2 - Overview of environmental impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring activities ...... 97
i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 - Location of the Odra basin in Central Europe ...... I Figure 1.2 - Map of the catchment area of the Odra River ...... 3 Figure 2.1 - Map of the Raciborz reservoir ...... 11 Figure 2.2 - Map of the Wroclaw Floodway System (list of works - see Annex C) ...... 15 Figure 5.1 - Geomorphological map of area upstream of Wroclaw ...... 34 Figure 5.2 - Map of upper Odra river catchment ...... 37 Figure 5.3 - Original (I 739-1751) and present course of the Odra river ...... 38 Figure 5.4 - Odra river flood hydrograph at Miedonia cross-section in 1997 ...... 39 Figure 5.5 - Conductivity isolines of water bodies in the area of Raciborz reservoir (pS cm-') ...... 42 Figure 5.6 - Composition of forests in flood plain between Raciborz and Wroclaw ...... 52 Figure 5.7 - Wetlands, swamps and humid meadows between Raciborz and Wroclaw ...... 52 Figure 5.8 - Barriers in th Upper and Middle Odra River blocking migration of fish ...... 53 Figure 5.9 - Designated and potential Natura 2000 sites in the project area ...... 58 Figure 5.10 - Known archeological sites downstream of Wroclaw (in 1941) ...... 59 Figure 5.11 - Location of known sites of two New Stone age cultures in the Raciborz area ...... 61 Figure 5.12 - Location of Bronze age sites in the WWS project area ...... 62 Figure 9.1 - Institutional structure for implementation EMP-RAP ...... 103
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX A - Lists of plants and animals in the project area Al. List of plants available in the project area A2. List of invertebrates available in the project area A3. List of amphibians available in the project area A4. List of reptiles available in the project area A5. List of birds available in the project area A6. List of mammals available in the project area A7. List of fish fauna available in the project area
ANNEX B - Impacts of the Raciborz reservoir on riverine ecosystems in the Upper and Middle Odra river
ANNEX C - Project works in modernization of WFS
ANNEX D - Public consultation Dl. Summary of meeting WWF and EA team on January 26TH, 2005 D2. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting in Wroclaw, on June 30TH, 2005 D3. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting in Raciborz, on July I ST, 2005 D4. Letter received from PTPP "pro Natura"
vii Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS asi above sea level (Baltic Sea) CITES Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species CMW Conservator of Monuments in Wroclaw CNS Conservator of Nature of Slaskie COA Conservator of Antiquities DEC Decision on Environmental Conditions DZMiUW Lower Silesian Board for Amelioration and Water Management EA Environmental Assessment EC Electrical Conductivity (in milliSiemens cm-I) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIB European Investment Bank EMP Environmental Management Plan EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan EU European Union FMP Flood Management Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product GOP Government of Poland gwt Groundwater table IKSO International Commission on the protection of the Odra IMGW Institute for Meteorology and Water Management IPE Independent Panel of Experts M&E Monitoring and Evaluation Mm3 million cubic meters MOA Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MOE Ministry of Environment NGO Non-Governmental Organisation O&M Operation and Maintenance ONDR Office of Natural Disasters Recovery OP Operational policy of World Bank ORFPP Odra River basin Flood Protection Project OTKZ Dam's Monitoring Centre of IMGW OZMiUW Opole Board for Amelioration and Water Management PAA Polish Angling Association PCU Project Coordination Unit PLN Polish zloty (PLN 1.00 = Euro 0.248 = US$ 0.299 as of June 1, 2005) PNS Potential Natura 2000 Site (EU nature conservation network) RAP Resettlement Action Plan RZGW Regional Water Board RZGWGL Regional Water Board Gliwice RZGWWL Regional Water Board Wroclaw SAC Special Area of Conservation (EU Habitat Directive) SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SMOK System for Hydro-Meteorological forecasting SPA Special Protected Area (EU Bird Directive) WFD Water Framework Directive (EU) WFS Wroclaw Floodway System WWF World Wide Fund for Nature
viii Chapter 1 INTRODUCU7ON
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
The Odra River, with a total length of 866 km is one of the two main rivers of Poland, see Figure 1.1. The river flows out of the Oderskie Mountains belonging to the Central European highlands in the Czech Republic. Part of the upper catchment is situated in the Silesian-Moravian part of the Sudetes Mountains, which have elevations up to 1 400 m. The relief is steep and the underlying clay shale is rather impermeable. This, combined with high annual rainfall (up to 1 400 mm) mainly concentrated in summer, results in rapid runoff. The excessive drainage is aggravated by urbanisation, large scale deforestation and drainage of agricultural lands in hilly areas.
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1 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
After crossing the border at Chalupki the Odra river changes from a mountain stream into a mature river system meandering because of a low gradient into its natural floodplain. However, since the start of industrialisation in the middle of the 19 th century, large parts of the river have been heavily modified. A total of 27 weirs, barrages and sluices have been constructed between Raciborz and Wroclaw to regulate and improve navigation. Meanders have been cut off and canalised and numerous groynes have been built to force the river within its main streambed. Because of these interventions, the total length of the river has shortened by an estimated 25%, whereas the width of the active floodplain has been reduced by 50% or more.
However, at a number of places there are still important remnants left of the natural river system, including alluvial forests, wet and flooded meadows, oxbows lakes and various other types of wetland. Thus, the river landscape still contains sizeable important floodplain habitats, a unique feature in Central and Western Europe. On its course, the Odra passes a number of major towns, including Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Krapkowice, Opole, Brzeg, Olawa and Wroclaw. In the latter city the river branches into a number of narrow channels flowing through the historic city centre with its numerous ancient, picturesque bridges, sluices and other water works.
The Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project was designed in the wake of the devastating floods and large-scale inundations of the floodplain in the summer of 1997. This truly dramatic event which occurred during the month of July took 54 lives and caused wide-spread damage and loss of property. The total area affected by the floods (about 65 000 ha) included urban and residential areas, mainly situated in three voivodships in the Upper and Middle Odra region: Slaskie (Upper Silesia), Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia). Municipal infrastructure, buildings and property in a number of cities and communities were heavily damaged, including those in the town of Wroclaw (pop. 650 000). The floods damaged 37 000 buildings, 866 bridges and over 2 000 km of roads. Economic life in the area came to a complete standstill and educational, cultural and health institutions were inundated and disrupted for a considerable period of time. Total damage was estimated between PLN 8.5-12.0 billion (US$ 2.8-4.0 billion).
The inundations were caused by a combination of two subsequent flood waves. The first one was a peak flood, following heavy rainfall (over 200 mm) in a short period of time. It affected an extensive area in the upper catchment of the Odra, see Figure 1.2, during the period 3 to 10 July 1997. The second wave occurred after extreme heavy rainfall (over 400 mm in 4 days) in the same period in the Sudetes mountain range along the Czech-Polish border, the catchment feeding one of the main tributaries of the Odra, the Nysa Klodzka River. The combination of these two flood waves dramatically exposed the deficiencies in the existing flood prevention system.
The flood prevention system consists of river embankments, a number of retention reservoirs and storage polders, and several diversion and navigation channels. Most flood protection infrastructure, dates from the beginning of the 2 0 1h century and turned out to be inadequate to cope with such heavy floods. In particular, the embankments protecting the urban agglomerations along the Odra and Nysa Klodzka rivers proved inadequate to curb the encroaching flood waters. Overtopping and breaching of the flood protection dikes occurred on a large scale. Also, flood forecasting, monitoring and warning systems performed poorly and communications in general failed largely.
2 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
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3 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
1.3 STRATEGIC CONTEXT: THE ODRA 2006 PROGRAMME
Meanwhile, on the initiative of the Regional Water Management Board in Wroclaw, studies were started to develop a comprehensive flood-prevention strategy for the basin of Upper and Middle Odra River (Winter J. and Zaleski J, 1998). These studies clearly revealed that the existing flood protection system, even after repair and rehabilitation, is still below standard and inadequate to guarantee safe passage of flood waters flows of the size of the July 1997-floods. It was felt that considerable additional investments would be required to reduce flood risks to acceptable levels. It became also clear that the only realistic strategy to cope with peak floods such as encountered in 1977 would only be guaranteed by the simultaneous implementation of a number of measures: 1) Constructing retention reservoirs in the upper floodplain of the Odra, in order to create temporary storage capacity for flood water hence reducing peak discharges downstream; 2) Improving and modernizing the existing flood protection system and dikes, particularly in the densely urbanized and industrialized areas (high risk areas) in the floodplain between the Czech border and Brzeg Dolny, where a new weir and sluices complex in the Odra are built near Malczyce; 3) Increasing the carrying capacity of the Odra river channel and the Widawa flood relief by- pass by removing a number of bottlenecks, and by widening of the riverbed.
After the floods of 1997 GOP has opted for cooperation at international level, i.e. with the two riparian countries (Germany and Czech Republic) sharing the Odra. In August 1997, the three countries, already cooperating within the International Commission on the Protection of the Odra against pollution (IKSO), took the initiative to extend cooperation to the field of flood protection and land-use planning. Flood protection of the populated Odra floodplain and modernization of the Odra water management system was recognized as priority goals. For this purpose, GOP prepared the Odra 2006 Programme. As 89% of the Odra catchment lies within Polish territory, this country agreed to bear 71% of the cost of the programme, leaving 23% for Germany and 6% for the Czech Republic.
The Odra 2006 Programme (with total cost of PLN 9.0 billion) focuses on flood protection and better water control, as well as on improvement of navigation and water quality. The programme includes structural as well as non-structural measures. The structural measures include:(a) reconstruction and modernization of dikes (PLN 365 m); (b) flood management and river regulation structures (PLN 4 100 m); and (c) also sewage treatment plans to improve the river water quality (PLN 3 600 m). The non structural measures include: (a) land use planning (PLN 36 m); (b) environmental planning (PLN 242 million); (c) forestation (PLN 300 m); and (d) flood management monitoring (PLN 400 m).
Major flood protection works in the programme include the construction of a retention reservoir at Raciborz and the modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System (WFS). The programme has been approved by the Polish Parliament (Sejm) under an Act of 6 July 2001. The programme will be implemented over a period of 15 years, between 2002 and 2016.
4 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.4 THE ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT
The present Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project (ORFPP) supports the implementation of the two main project activities from the Odra 2006 Programme that aim at flood protection of the Middle Odra valley, especially of the densely populated area around Wroclaw. Hence, the Project's main objective will be to reduce frequency and severity of flooding in the project area. This will be achieved by the following main works: 1) Construction of the Raciborz dry polder, which will provide flood storage so that the flow rate downstream of the reservoir will be greatly reduced, thereby improving the effectiveness of the existing flood protection system in containing the flows; 2) Improving the security of the embankments within the Wroclaw area by strengthening and heightening existing dikes and constructing new dikes near urban areas and increasing the carrying capacity of the Odra and Widawa River, so that more floodwater could by- pass the city of Wroclaw.
The construction of the Raciborz dry polder will also result in delayed arrival of the peak flood at the confluence of tributaries, especially the Nysa Klodzka, which will greatly reduce the chance flood damage caused by the simultaneous arrival of two peak floods as happened during the devastating floods of 1997.
1.5 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The World Bank requires an Environmental Assessment (EA) for all projects proposed for Bank financing, in order to ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. The ORFPP was classified as Category A. which essentially comprises those projects that may have significant environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented in nature and may affect an area broader than the direct project sites. The project would necessitate an EA in view of the use of water resources of an international waterway, the scope of the expected impacts from construction and operation, requiring the resettlement of two villages and the potential impacts on natural habitats, landscape elements and cultural property found within the Odra floodplain.
The projects' feasibility studies included an Environmental Impact Review (EIR) of environmentally sensitive sites and related risks prepared by the project consultants. However, to meet the Bank's requirements, and in particular to work out mitigating measures and prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), it was decided that EIR's would have to be upgraded to a full EA. Another consideration was that in view of the scale, magnitude and the potentially controversial nature of the Project, it was recommended to get a "second opinion" from a group of independent consultants.
The EA is an important tool for decision making. In the EA the projects' social and environmental risks and impacts are evaluated in its area of influence, which is often larger than the project area itself. Project alternatives are studied; negative and positive environmental impacts are identified in relation to location, design, construction and operation of the project. Ways of preventing, reducing and mitigating adverse impacts are worked out, as well as measures to enhance the positive impacts of the project. The EA includes an EMP to be implemented under the project. The EA is restricted to the ORFPP and does not cover the impacts of the entire Odra 2006 Programme.
5 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
1.6 THE EA TEAM
For the preparation of the EA the PCU recruited in November 2004 one international consultant Mr Reitse Koopmans - teamleader (land & water management specialist) and two Polish consultants Prof Dr Wlodzimierz Czamara (hydrologist) and Dr Marek Krukowski (ecologist). Valuable contributions were received of two other Polish consultants, Prof. Wlodzimierz Wojciechowski (archaeologist) and Dr Jan Blachuta (ichthyologist). The team visited the project areas and all proposed sites of the project in the period 24 November-16 December 2004. Interviews with resource persons and stakeholders were held and various institutions and local authorities were visited. The team participated in a briefing on 9 December 2004 in Raciborz by the project consultant on the status of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) which was under preparation. Public consultation meetings on the draft version of the EA were held on June 30 and July 1, 2005 in respectively Wroclaw and Raciborz.
1.7 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Social impacts occur in both project areas. In Raciborz, where a dry polder will be constructed for storing flood water during peak flows, the project will include the acquisition of about 2 600 ha of land and the involuntary resettlement of the residents of two villages consisting of 240 families, involving about 700 people. The social aspects of resettlement were studied in detail and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared by the consultants involved in the Feasibility study. This Plan is presented in a separate document (Resettlement Action Plan, JacobsGIBB, July 2005).
The modernization of WFS may require some limited resettlement activities including the removal and possible relocation of a complex of 77 ha of homestead gardens in the Widawa valley and some other facilities and buildings. Depending on the outcome of the detailed designs it is still to be determined, which other works may require land acquisition or relocation of facilities and people. These issues and their potential impacts are only briefly addressed in this EA, but agreement with the investors has been reached on the principles of mitigation and compensation during the completion of the final designs in order to comply with the World Bank's Operational Policy on Involuntary Resttlement (OP/BP 4.12). The final mitigation/compensation plan will then be included in RAP.
6 Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of the project is to protect the population in the Upper and Middle section of the Odra River Floodplain against the loss of life and damage to property caused by extreme floods, such as the floods of 1997, which were the highest ever recorded. The project would protect more than 2.5 million people, major urban infrastructure and industrial and commercial establishments against flooding. Particularly, the project would protect the city of Wroclaw, with its valuable historical sites and buildings, including the neighbouring densely populated urban and industrial areas. Implementation of the project would greatly reduce the risks and hazards of flooding in the Upper and Middle reaches of the Odra.
The project has been prepared on basis of feasibility studies for each of the project components. These studies have been used as the basis for the preparation of this Environmental Assessment (EA), but changes and adjustments during detailed design studies (as far as available during the EA study) have also been taken into consideration: 1) Feasibility study for the Raciborz Flood reservoir on the River Odra, Main Report, & supporting Annexes (Hydroprojekt, JacobsGIBB), September 2003; 2) Feasibility study for the Modernization of the Wroclaw Water System, Main Report & supporting Annexes (Hydroprojekt, JacobsGIBB), February 2004.
2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS
The project is designed to meet the above objectives; it would consist of the components described below:
Component A - Construction of Raciborz Dry Polder (E 218.3 million) A dry polder would be created on the Odra river not far from the border with the Czech Republic near the town of Raciborz to store flood water. Total capacity of the reservoir would be about 185 Mm 3. Main benefits from the reservoir will be (i) a reduction in the Odra peak flows downstream so that the effectiveness of the existing flood defense system will be greatly improved and (ii) a delay in the timing of the flood peaks at the confluence of the Odra with the Nysa Klodzka, so that the adverse combination of the two floods that was so damaging in 1997 will become unlikely in the future. These two phenomena, in combination, will result in a considerable reduction in the frequency and severity of future floods.
The works comprise a 4.0 km embankment across the Odra valley with a maximum height of 10.5 m above the Odra river bed. Right and left bank dikes will be constructed from the main embankment along the valley upstream for lengths of 9.15 km and 9.5 km. respectively. The total reservoir area would be about 26.3 km2. A spillway structure will be provided that will have six gates (12 m wide and 8.5 m high), and seven 4.4 m x 3.5 m bottom outlets with inverts at the sill level (183.0 m).
The construction of the polder would involve purchase of land, properties and resettlement of people living in the polder area. The resettlement related cost are estimated
7 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment about C 63.3 million, which includes the purchase of land, properties and the relocation of about 700 people living in the polder area.
Component B - Modernization of Wroclaw Floodway System (£ 253.8 million) 3 Currently, Wroclaw is subject to inundation with floods greater than 2 200 m /s. The maximum flow during the 1997 flood was estimated at 3 640 m3/s at Trestno (upstream of Wroclaw). The Raciborz dry polder would offer partial but not complete flood protection. The flood protection for Wroclaw city is provided, in conjunction with the Raciborz polder, by modernizing and upgrading the flood protection system along the Odra channels passing through and around Wroclaw city, as well as increasing their hydraulic capacity. The necessary works for WFS comprise of three sub-components:
B.1 Improvements to Odra dikes and embankments. These improvements comprise: (a) works to reduce the risk of failure by piping; (b) raising embankments where necessary; and (c) works to increase the stability and height of existing retaining walls, particularly in downtown Wroclaw.
B.2 Improvements to the Odra Channels. These improvements, which are designed to increase the hydraulic capacity of the Odra river, comprise widening and/or deepening of the channels and works for related hydraulic structures: (a) the Odra Flood Channel (b) the Old Odra river channel along the City Canal, including works at the Rozanka weir and four bridges; (c) the City canal; (d) the City Odra river channel, including the reconstruction of the weir at the Wroclaw I Power Plant and improved flood protection for Popowice harbor; and (e) the Odra river channel from the Old Odra/City Odra junction to the Odra/Widawa confluence; and (f) works for Redzin barrage.
B.3 Flood relief through the Widawa Transfer. The design capacity of the existing Odra- Widawa diversion will be increased to about 185 m3/s of flow in times of flood danger (320 m3/s under extreme conditions). This also requires an increase in the capacity of the Widawa river channel. These project works consist of: a new gated weir at the off-take of the Odra-Widawa diversion channel; widening the floodplain of this channel; and the reconstruction of existing flood dikes, removal of some existing flood dikes, the construction of new flood dikes and the remodelling of one railway bridge and five road bridges along the Widawa River. About C 13.2 million are included in the component to cover the RAP implementation cost.
Component C - Improving Flood Management, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Supervision of the EMP & RAP (C 26.6 million) The component would consist of the following sub-components: (i) improving flood management in the Odra River Basin, (ii) continued support to improve the flood forecasting system, to ensure that the system of hydro-meteorological forecasting, currently being installed would remain operational, (iii) continued improvements in the flood protection and management plans and assistance in development of projects in the flood sector, (iv) monitoring and evaluation of the project's impact, including the implementation and monitoring of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), and the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and (v) implementation of works identified under the EMP that are not included in other components and that cannot be funded from other projects under the Odra 2006 Programme.
8 Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Component D - Project Management, Technical Assistance and Training (E 5.1 million) This component would support the Government in implementing the project and prepare a follow-on project. It would include: (a) support for the operation of the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) and implementing agencies, and financing of overall project management, as well as technical assistance in such areas as detailed design, contract administration and construction supervision, procurement, and financial management; (b) a modest institutional strengthening program, including technical assistance and training. This would involve the financing of consulting services, and foreign visits, equipment and software for project management.
2.3 THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER
2.3.1 GENERAL
The Raciborz dry polder', with a flood storage volume of 185 Mm3 will be constructed in an area along the Odra between the town of Raciborz and the earlier constructed Bukow polder. The dry polder is a reservoir for storage of peak floods and will be created by constructing a 4.0 km long dam across the Odra valley. The dam will be constructed of local cohesive soils, with a toe drain at the downstream slope. Outlet works and other appurtenant structures will be built in the river to facilitate navigation through the reservoir. Right and left bank dikes will be constructed from the main dam along the sides of the valley upstream for a length of 8.8 km and 9.5 km respectively. For the construction of embankments local available gravels and soil will be used. The total reservoir area is about 26.3 km2 . The plan of the reservoir is shown in Figure 2.1.
During normal flows the outlet gates in the control structure will remain open and the reservoir will be dry. During times of peak floods the gates will be used to limit outflow to the minimum possible, subject to the constraint that the water level in the reservoir will not exceed 195.2 m maximum storage level. The outlet structure will be designed to safely pass the Probable Maximum Flood, which has been estimated at 3 700 m 3/s.
The reservoir area is underlain by gravel deposits which are currently being extracted by mining companies. The gravel deposits in the polder area are likely to last for another 30 years. Continuing gravel excavation would gradually increase the storage capacity of the reservoir by another 10 million m3 .
2.3.2 RESETTLEMENT
The creation of the reservoir will involve the resettlement of some 240 families from two villages, Nieboczowy and Ligota Tworkowska that are situated in the proposed reservoir area. The recommended Resettlement Action Plan, which is based on the precepts of the World Commission on Dams, provides for continuing collaboration between RZGWGL and the affected families in participatory resettlement planning.
The term "dry polder" is used in this report to describe a flood retention reservoir which is only operational during high floods to store floodwater during a short period of time.
9 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2.3.3 PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESERVOIR Length of reservoir dike: 4.0 km Length of left resp. right embankment: 9.5 km + 9.15 km Embankment crest level: 197.5 m Maximum embankment height: 10.5 m Maximum flood storage level: 195.2 m Flood storage area at max level: 26.3 km2 3 Permanent flood storage volume 185 Mm between normal and max level:
2.3.4 THE EMBANKMENT AND OUTLET WORKS The embankment will be constructed of compacted earth fill material excavated from within the reservoir area. The crest level will be 197.5 m, a maximum height of 10.5 m above the bed of the Odra River and 2.3 m above the maximum reservoir level, meeting Polish regulations. Both upstream and downstream faces will be protected by grass cover that will be established on a layer of topsoil placed of the compacted fill. The embankment is homogenous except for a downstream berm of gravel which is intended to provide drainage to the cohesive fill. The outlet works comprise a gated structure consisting of a reinforced concrete fore bay with a 115 m wide apron at 180.5 m level and concrete side walls, 5 bays each 12 m wide with a sill set at 183 m level and one navigable flat sill at 180.5 m level. The bays are separated by 7.4 m wide piers which house the gate operating mechanism. There will be vertical lift gates and a reinforced concrete bridge over the bays. A reinforced concrete stilling basin will be built downstream of the structure. The basin will be 115 m wide and 55 m long, with side retaining walls. An outlet channel protected with gabions and riprap will be provided to allow for water discharge into the river. The spillway's openings are equipped with steel vertical flat gates, each 60 ton in weight operated by hydraulic drives at both ends. A 600 kVA standby generator will be provided at the outlet works in case of a power failure.
2.3.5 ANCILLARY WORKS Ancillary works will comprise an outlet structure to the old City Odra branch flowing through the city of Raciborz. This will enable the evacuation of extra water into the old Odra river bed for environmental and aesthetic reasons. The natural Psina river outlet into the Odra in the reservoir area will remain for discharge during normal flow. A new stormwater outlet for this river will be created through the construction of a new channel outside the left embankment and between the railway line to Chalupki. The channel will flow into the old Raciborz City Odra. A number of smaller tributaries and streams flowing from the neighbouring hills towards the Odra (e.g. Plinc River) will be cut off during operation of the reservoir. Five small pumping stations are planned to facilitate drainage of these small catchment areas when the reservoir is filled. The necessity of an auxiliary spillway construction to increase the safety of the dike in case of mechanical malfunction of the outlet structure will be subject to further studies and will be decided in the detailed design stage.
10 Chapter 2 -PROJECTDESCRIP77ON
.. ~~~~~~- I
sF - I ~~t '.-t 7
Map of the Raciborz reservir '. ; . . . -Embankments of the reservoir- i --.
- New stretch of the Odra_ 3 ar '£ -. ? *-Psina stormwater flood channel $\ - .. Boundary of the Wielikat ponds - ^' g \' . Ef Vulnerable natural habHtats-:-\\.>,-\) ' I1 Tworkowski Forest x t ,; x tj
3 - Meadows E of Niebor-zowy -;' _" ,- - 4-8Brzezie ponds . ; ' '- 5- Psina outlet ,; . >'- -4..-t' :-
Figure 2.1 - Map of the Raciborz reservoir Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2.3.6 CONSTRUCTION COST A summary of construction cost of the reservoir is given in Table 2. 1.
Table 2.1 - Summary of construction cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN*)
No. Description Base case alignment 1 Embankment incl. spillway 192.8 2 Outlet structures 67.1 3 Drainage 33.4 4 Miscellaneous 10.6 5 General items 33.4 6 Physical contingencies 33.7 Total construction cost 371.0 *) 2002 cost exci taxes
The cost of resettlement of the population of two villages are presented in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 - Summary of resettlement cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN*)
No. Description Without amortisation *) With amortisation 1 Buildings 160 91 2 Land 37 37 3 Additional houses for 75 families 7.5 7.5 4 Infrastructure at new site 5.8 5.8 5 Loss of business opportunities 2.1 2.1 6 Cemetery relocation 1.9 1.9 7 Other cost incl. M&E 0.8 0.8 8 Contingencies 21.5 14.6 Total resettlement cost 236.6 160.7 *) represents compensation against full market value
Table 2.3 shows the cost of implementation associated with the construction of the reservoir.
Table 2.3 - Summary of implementation cost Raciborz reservoir (million PLN*)
No. Description Cost 1 Detailed designs, tender documents and procurement 12 2 Site investigation and surveys 2 3 Client administration 28 4 Construction supervision 20 Total implementation cost 62 *) 2002 cost excl. taxes
Annual O&M costs are estimated at 1.4 million PLN, which is equivalent to less than 0.5% of the capital cost.
12 Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.4 THE MODERNIZATION OF THE WROCLAW FLOODWAY SYSTEM
2.4.1 GENERAL
Wroclaw is subject to floods exceeding 2 200 m3/s. The maximum flow during the 1997 flood was estimated at 3 640 m3/s at Trestno, some 5 km upstream of Wroclaw. The Raciborz flood retention reservoir would offer partial but not complete protection against floods. GOP regulations require first class structures with a crest level of embankment at least rising to the water level of floods with a probability of once in 1 000 years, and second class structures for floods with a probability of once in 333 years.
Adequate protection would in fact mean protection against a flood similar to the one in 1997. Allowing for a reduction in the peak flow on account of the Raciborz reservoir, the design flow at Brzeg Most (upstream of Wroclaw) was taken at 3 100 m 3/s. Flood protection for Wroclaw city is provided by modernizing and upgrading the flood control system to such an extent that the system could adequately deal with such a flood.
2.4.2 SUB-COMPONENTS OF WFS
The modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System comprises three main sub-components:
1) Improvement of the security of the existing Odra dikes and embankments 2) Improvement of the hydraulic capacity of the existing Odra channels 3) Construction of the Widawa Flood Relief channel
The location of main projects is shown in Figure 2.2 (description - see Annex C). 1. Improvements to Odra dikes The improvements comprise: (i) works to reduce the risk of failure by piping, (ii) raising embankment height where necessary, and (iii) works to increase the stability and height of existing city boulevards.
The works will be carried out at the following locations': * Flood levees of Kotowice-Siedlce (10.8 km) [1]; * Left side flood levees of Olawka Polder (9.3 km) [2]; * Flood levees of Blizanowice-Trestno Polder (6.1 km) [3]; * Ring-type flood levees of Opatowice and Nowy Dom (5.7 km) [4, 5]; * Flood levees along Groblice-Siechnice section (4.7 km) [20]; * Left side flood levees of Odra River along sections Popowice Kozanow, Maslice, Pracze Odrzanskie, Janowek with Water Treatment Plant (14.3 km) [13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 18]; * Right side flood levees along sections Janowice. Jeszkowice, Kamieniec Wr., Lany, Wojnow, Zalesie-Zacisze. Osobowice and Redzin (13.7 km) [6, 7, 8. 9, 10]; * Constructions of down-town junction boulevards (7.4 km) [22];
Figures in [square brackets] rely to the symbols of works used in Annex C and in Figure 2.2.
13 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* Removal of the embankments of the Paniowice Polder (5.2 km), removal of the embankment along Redzin-Lesnica section (2.7 km) and removal of the embankment at Redzin barrage of total length 9.0 km [11, 12, 19].
2. Improvements to the Odra channel These improvements, which are designed to increase the hydraulic capacity of the Odra within the city's premises, comprise the following': * Remodelling of Flood Canal: widening (50 m) and deepening (109.0 m asl) [25, 28, 29]; * Remodelling works of Odra River City Canal, including the widening, deepening, construction of protected slopes and boulevards (2.7 km); the modernization of flood gate; and the modernization of the City navigation lock [21, 24, 35, 36]; * Remodelling of Old Odra River Channel along Municipal Canal including the widening of the river channel, reduction of guiding embankment at Rozanka navigation lock; the rebuilding of the Rozanka weir; increasing capacity under Warszawski, Trzebnicki and Osobowicki bridges; additional protection for Popowice river harbour [23, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37]; * Remodelling of South Odra river channel (City section), including the reconstruction of the weir at Wroclaw I Power Plant [38]; * Remodelling of Odra River Channel from junction with Old Odra channel to Widawa confluence including widening, dredging and construction of side slopes revetments [27]; * Remodelling of Redzin Barrage [39].
3. Widawa flood relief channel The capacity of the existing Odra-Widawa diversion channel and the Widawa river floodplain 3 towards the confluence of the Widawa into the Odra will be increased to about 300 m /s of flow in times of flood danger. These project works include': * Along the Odra-Widawa transfer channel the following works: a new gated weir at the off- take of the Odra-Widawa Canal with an embankment spillway, the reconstruction of existing flood levees (2.4 km), the construction of new flood levees (2.6 km), the removal of existing flood embankments (2.2 km); the reconstruction of the existing railway bridge on Miloszyce-Wroclaw Kowale trace and the reconstruction of the existing road bridge at Swojczycka street [40, 41, 44, 45, 46]; * In the Widawa valley the following works are required: reconstruction of an existing road bridge over Stara Widawa at Glowna Street, the reconstruction of existing bridges along the Widawa river at Krzywousty Street, Sulowska Street bridge and Pegowski bridge, the construction of new flood levees along the valley (23.9 km), the modernization of existing flood levees (2.1 km), the removal of existing flood levees and the removal of existing allotment gardens (77.0 ha) [42, 43, 44, 45].
Next page: Figure 2.2 - Map of the Wroclaw Floodway System (list of works - see Annex C)
'Figures in [square brackets] rely to the symbols of works used in Annex C and in Figure 2.2.
14 Map of the Wroclaw Floodway System
WJ Numbers of project works Construction of new embankments Reconstruction of the existing embankments /Mi-4 . . Removal of the existing embankments Remodelling of riverbeds (widening and deepening)
i-r J
I 2~ 3 k
-4:~~~~~~~~~~~4
A-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.4.3 COST OF WFS
The implementation cost of WFS is estimated as PLN 682 million, made up as shown in Table 2.4
Table 2.4 - Cost of WFS (million PLN*)
Item Wroclaw Floodway System Dike Channel capacity Widawa Total WFS improvement increase transfer Construction 253.5 254.9 87.3 595.7 Social costs 0.2 9.4 26.0 35.6 Administration 21.5 21.8 7.5 50.8 & engineering Total 275.2 286.1 120.8 682.1 *) 2003 cost excl taxes
2.5 TOTAL COST AND BENEFITS OF THE ORFPP
2.5.1 TOTAL COST OF INVESTMENT
The implementation cost of the project is estimated as PLN 1 352 million, a breakdown is given in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5 - Breakdown of total cost of the project in million PLN
Issue Raciborz reservoir WFS Total Construction 371 596 967 Resettlement 237 36 273 Implementation 62 51 112 Total 670 682 1 352
2.5.2 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
Annual O&M cost for Raciborz reservoir is estimated at PLN 1.4 million/year.
Additional O&M cost for the modernized WFS including the Widawa transfer is estimated at PLN 0.5 million/year.
2.5.3 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SCHEME
Simulation modelling has shown that the project is effective in reducing flood levels in the Odra for a large range of flood severity: it is particularly effective for floods with a return period in the range 100-500 years. In particular it will provide almost full protection to the city of Wroclaw against future floods of similar magnitude as those of 1997. After completion of the Project, it is expected that flood damages such as inflicted in 1997 will be reduced by 99%.
17 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2.5.4 PROJECT BENEFITS Benefits are categorised as primary, secondary and intangible. Primary benefits are from the reduction in flood damage resulting from the construction of the project. It is estimated that the cost of the damage inflicted by the 1997 flood between Raciborz and Trestno (just upstream of Wroclaw) was PLN 4.5 billion. The value of the reduction of the average annual damages due to the dry reservoir - the annual benefit - is estimated at PLN 122 million. Secondary benefits are those from the exploitation of gravel from within the reservoir. Intangible benefits are not measurable but real benefits from the reduction in frequency and severity of flooding could be in the range of cost of the damage inflicted by the 1997 floods.
2.5.5 ECONOMIC VIABILITY The project has an economic internal rate of return of 17.3%. The secondary benefits of gravel extraction in the Raciborz reservoir have been taken into account in this calculation.
18 Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
3.1 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING
Integration of the Republic of Poland into the European Union (EU) has been the main socio- economic and legislative issue that has dominated political life for the last decade. Poland applied in 1994 for the membership of the EU together with a number of other Central and East European countries. In 1997 a national strategy for integration was approved in the Sejm (Lower house of Parliament) and in 1998 negotiations on Poland's access to the Union started. This process was successfully concluded in May 2004 when Poland officially entered the EU as a full member.
In order to meet the requirements of the so-called Community Acquis, a complex process of harmonizing existing Polish legislation with that of the EU was implemented. New legislation had to be promulgated in many fields. In 1999, during this transitional period, GOP also introduced a new decentralized government structure based on self-governance on voivodship (provincial) level. At the national level, short-term and long-term strategies for socio-economic, infrastructural and human resources development of the various sectors were prepared as guidelines for provincial development plans to be implemented after accession. Also, a long-term strategy for sustainable development has been adopted, integrating environmental concerns into all sectoral policies.
Most new legislation and procedures, as well as newly established local authorities, are now in place and an Agenda 2000 Programme for the transitional period 2000-2006 has been adopted. Understandably, more time is needed to enhance capacities of the decentralized governmental structures, and to transform the environmental and sectoral departments of the voivods into effective units. At present, spatial planning and environmental protection measures are being designed at regional level, whereas their implementation and enforcement is the responsibility of local level (Powiat's and Gmina 's). For the latter, such tasks are completely new.
3.2 DECENTRALISED GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
Decentralisation and reform of public administration during the nineties, including the adopted modifications in the legal system, dramatically changed the internal structure, the decision-making process and the management of public funds. The reform started at the local (Gmina) level and later on the new responsibilities at higher levels were defined. This coincided with the pre-accession actions needed for integration into the EU. The reform resulted in an increase in the responsibilities of local authorities. The assignment of responsibilities between the various levels of administration in Poland is still a matter of evolution.
1. Gmina The Gmina covers all public matters of local importance that are not statutory responsibilities of other entities, such as landscape and land use management, environmental protection, sewerage, waste disposal and treatment, electricity, gas supply, public transportation and reforestation. Gmina's usually consist of a few rural communities and have a population of 10 000-15 000 inhabitants on average.
19 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2. Powiat The Powiat governs a group of neighbouring communities or a town. The average number of inhabitants of a Powiat is between 80 000-100 000. The main responsibilities are: transport and public roads, town planning and buildings, water management, environmental protection and nature conservation, agriculture, forestry, inland fisheries, public order and security, flood control, fire protection and emergencies, labour market and unemployment. Powiats have an important coordinating task between Gmina' s in implementing local programmes. They are involved in EIA's in the sectors which belong to their responsibility. Clearance of EIA's is given by EIA commissions, which exist on voivodship and national level.
3. Voivodship Provincial governments are the most important bodies to plan and implement a regional development strategy. A Voivodship has a population between 1.5-5 million (2.4 million on average) and has two parallel structures: (i) a regional branch of the central government (urzad wojewodzki - voivod) and (ii) an independent democratically elected authority (sejmik wojewodzki - marshal). They have their own budget and competence to accomplish statutory tasks. Voivods are responsible for stimulating economic development, maintaining technical and social infrastructure, securing public and private funds to finance public utility projects, education, sustainable development and resource use, research & development, technology and innovation, cultural heritage and culture. The self-governance structure can apply for state-support in planning and implementing provincial programmes, in which case they have to arrange an agreement with the Council of Ministers. Voivoids have an important responsibility for environmental management and evaluation of EIA's and may give final clearance.
3.3 POLISH LAWS APPLICABLE
Poland has adopted a national policy of sustainable development. Excessive pollution of air and water is considered to be the main environmental threat at the short-and medium-term, but the protection of the quality of natural resources and the preservation of natural habitats also form major elements in this policy. Preventive measures, "polluter pays" principle, and combating environmental pollution at source are the guiding principles of this policy. Law enforcement and control of strict law-abidingness has become a major issue in this policy. Legislation related to the project is shown below:
Direct Applicable Polish Environmental Laws: * Environmental Protection Law (2001), which includes provisions on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and procedures for public consultation and public access of to environmental information, amended on May 18, 20051; * Historical Conservation and Protection Act (2003), which describes the objectives and measures needed for the protection of cultural heritage and historic and archaeological monuments; * Nature Conservation Law (2004), which regulates the protection of the natural environment, including the protection of valuable habitats, flora & fauna and Natura 2000 sites.
That amendment introduces amendments to other acts: o.a. Construction Law, Act on Land Use, Nature Conservation Law etc.
20 Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Other Relevant Polish Laws: * Water Law (2001), which describes the objectives and instruments for management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources and of flood control risks; * Odra River Act (2001), which defines the Odra 2006 Programme; * Land Use Act (1 994),which describes the procedure to change land use and to obtain site permit for the selected location of the investment project; * Building Law (1994), which describes the procedure to obtain a permit to start construction of an investment project.
3.4 POLISH ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
The requirements for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prepared under Polish law are very comparable with those of the World Bank. The procedure is somewhat different, mainly because of the decentralized GOP administration. Under Polish Law EIAs are required for the ORFPP at two different levels:
1) Local EIAs of sub-components are prepared in order to obtain site and construction permits from local authorities. The procedure includes an administrative decision formulating environmental conditions to be reflected in the final designs. A recent amendment' to the Environmental Protection Law simplified the administrative procedure for an EIA to a one-stage procedure instead of two-stage procedure. The amended Law introduces a mandatory administrative procedure for all investors to obtain a Decision on Environmental Conditions (DEC). Such a decision is to be issued prior to the procedure for the approval of final designs to obtain a construction permit for an investment project. The technical documentation should then properly address the issues raised in the DEC. In addition the documentation should be in line with provisions of local land use plans and site permit. Thus, the procedure is strongly integrated in the entire approval procedure for new investments implemented by the local and regional administration. EIAs are compulsory for all investments, which may change the land use and may have significant effects on the environment, especially for works to be conducted in or near special conservation areas, e.g. Natura 2000 sites; 2) EIAs on national or regional level are required for major national projects and investments which may have impacts in more than one voivodship. This is the case in the ORFPP, where the impacts of the project will extend over the entire Upper and Middle Odra floodplain from Chalupki to Brzeg Dolny, which is an area belonging to three different voivodships: Slaskie, Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie. According to the Ministry of Environment this EA study meets the requirements for a national ElA in compliance with Polish environmental legislation.
The Polish requirements are also comparable with the EA requirements as per EU Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (and as amended by Council Directive 97/11 /EC of 3 March 1997); and with Directive 2001/42 on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Plans and Programmes on the Environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive).
On July 27. 2005
21 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
3.5 THE EIA PROCEDURE
The environmental procedure, as defined in the legislation, must address the following issues: * The direct and indirect impacts of a project on the environment, human health, and quality of human life, material assets and cultural heritage; * The possibilities and ways of preventing and reducing adverse impacts on the environment; * The required scope of monitoring.
The Polish environmental protection law also sets out the elements that should be included in an EIA report. The law requires notification and public consultation at the time of the application for the Site Permit, as well as at the time of application for the Construction Permit.
The Law also provides a formal framework for public comments on EIA's submitted to authorities, and defines specific notification procedures for projects with trans-boundary environmental impacts.
The procedure for ORFPP, to implement local EIAs and to obtain subsequently Site and Construction Permits is rather complicated, since a number of lower administrative levels are involved (see Table 3.1) as well as three different investors: (i) Component A, the dry polder will be implemented by RZGWGL (Gliwice) and (ii) Component B, the Modernization of WFS will be implemented by RZGWWL (Wroclaw) in cooperation with DZMiUW (Wroclaw).
Table 3.1 - Decentralised Government administration involved in Raciborz reservoir and WFS Issue Investor Powiat Gmina Raciborz reservoir RZGW-Gliwice . Lubomia (*) Wodzislaw Kornowac
Raciborz Krzyzanowice Raciborz Wroclaw Floodway RZGW-Wroclaw Wolow Brzeg Dolny System DZMiUW-Wroclaw Olawa (urban) Olawa Jelcz-Laskowice Olawa (rural) Sroda Slaska Miekinia Oborniki Slaskie Trzebnica Wisznia Mala Swieta Katarzyna Wroclaw (rural) Czernica Dlugoleka City of Wroclaw Wroclaw (*) (*) lead Gmina
22 Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
3.6 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
Poland has signed most international treaties and conventions on environment, pollution control, nature and biodiversity conservation. The most relevant international treaties and conventions signed are shown in Table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2 - Relevant International treaties and conventions signed by Poland Treaty or Convention In Brief description Ramsar Convention 1971 Protection of wetlands World Cultural and Natural 1972 Protection of major cultural and natural monuments Heritage (Paris)
CITES convention 1973 Ban and restrictions on international trade in endangered (Washington) species of wild fauna and flora Bern Convention 1979 Conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats Bonn Convention 1979 Conservation of migratory species of wild animals Convention of EIA in trans- 1991 Assessment of EIA in certain projects with trans-boundary boundary context effects and notification and consultation procedures (Espoo convention)
Convention on Biological 1992 Conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its Diversity (Rio de Janeiro) components and access to genetic resources International Protocol on bat 1991 Protection of bats protection in Europe (EUROBAT)
Helsinki convention 1992 Protection of the marine environment of the Baltic sea area (New HELCOM)
International Commission 1996 Prevention and long-term decreasing of pollution of Odra on the Protection of the Odra river system against pollution
Aarhus Convention 1998 Free access to information and equal rights of public participation in environmental issues
3.7 APPLICABLE EU DIRECTIVES
With accession into the EU, Poland is in the position to implement the majority of the environmental acquis, which includes approximately 200 legal instruments. EU directives relevant for the project are the following:
* Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats, wild fauna & flora. The fundamental purpose of this directive is to establish a network of protected areas called Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) throughout the Community in order to maintain both the distribution and the abundance of threatened species and habitats; * Bird Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds. This Directive imposes strict legal obligations on Member States to maintain populations of wild birds according to ecological requirements and to take special measures to conserve the habitat of threatened species through the designation of Special Protection Areas (SPA);
23 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* Natura 2000 is the EU network of protected areas and includes both SACs according to the Habitat Directive and SPAs of the Birds Directive. GOP has published (MOE, May 2005) a list of areas in Poland, which are proposed to EU as Potential Natura Sites (PNS). The list includes 4 PNS (3 SACs and 1 SPA site') situated in or near the Raciborz dry polder and 6 PNS (4 SACs and 2 SPAs 1) downstream of Raciborz in the impact area of the ORFPP. Approval for inclusion of the Polish PNS list in the European Natura Network still has to be formalized, but according to the procedure all potential sites have to be treated as protected areas under the Habitat and Bird Directives pending final EU endorsement; * EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD). This directive is an important step towards sustainable use of water resources in Europe. Primarily through the development and implementation of River Basin Management Plans, the WFD requires Member States to take measures to achieve the environmental objective of "good status" for their rivers, lakes and coastal waters by 2015. Integrated River Basin Management Plans will be prepared during the coming years; * EU Council Directive 85/337/EEC on EIA. The requirements of the Polish environmental legislation are in line with this EU Council Directive on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (and as amended by Council Directive 97/1 1/EC of 3 March 1997); * EU Council Directive 2001/42 on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Plans and Programmes on the Environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive). This SEA Directive is an important step forward in European environmental law. At the moment, major projects likely to have an impact on the environment must be assessed under Directive 85/337/EEC. However, this assessment takes place at a stage when options for significant change are often limited. Decisions on the site of a project, or on the choice of alternatives, may already have been taken in the context of plans for a whole sector or geographical area. The SEA Directive - 2001/42/EC - plugs this gap by requiring the environmental effects of a broad range of plans and programmes to be assessed, so that they can be taken into account while plans are actually being developed, and in due course adopted. The public must also be consulted on the draft plans and on the environmental assessment and their views must be taken into account.
3.8 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
The following environmental and social policies of the World Bank are applicable on the project: * Operational Policy 4.01 - Environmental Assessment. The World Bank requires an EA for all projects proposed for Bank financing, in order to ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. The ORFPP was classified as Category A, because of the scope of the expected impacts from construction and operation, the resettlement of two villages, the impacts expected on natural habitats, landscape and cultural property and the use of the Odra as an international waterway. A preliminary environmental analysis was carried out as part of the project feasibility studies by the engineering consultants. A team of independent EA consultants (see paragraph 6) reviewed this preliminary analysis and carried out additional studies, including detailed assessment of potential impacts and prepared a full fledged EA, including EMPs.
partly overlapping
24 Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
* Operational Policy 4.04 - Natural Habitats. In the Odra valley there are a number of critical natural habitats of national significance. The Raciborz polder areas as well as the downstream floodplains include sensitive and protected natural habitats, which will be impacted by the proposed project. Therefore OP 4.04 applies. During the EA several consultations were held with national nature conservation organisations in order to plan potential mitigation measures to reduce adverse impacts of the project on riverine habitats and wetlands, as defined by the Policy. * Operational Policy Note 11.03 - Cultural Property. This Policy applies since the project involves large scale earth moving and dredging in parts of the Odra floodplain with numerous old settlements and archaeological sites. Within the city of Wroclaw there are many historic monuments including hydraulic structures and bridges which also might be affected by the reconstruction of water management structures. * Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. Two villages will be resettled affecting some 240 families (about 700 people). Separate social studies have been carried out and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared aimed at minimizing resettlement and offering adequate compensation or settlement alternatives in conformity with World Bank policies and Polish law. * Operational Directive 4.37 - Safety of Dams. The Raciborz dry polder will be constructed upstream of a densely populated area. The Bank's O.P. 4.37 on Dam Safety is therefore applicable. GOP will be constituting an independent panel of experts to review the designs and the operational and maintenance aspects of the project. * Operational Policy 7.50 - Projects on International Waterways. The project is situated along an international waterway which is shared by three countries: Czech Republic (6%), Poland (89%) and Germany (5%). The three governments are cooperating in the field of flood control, river management and water quality through the International Commission on the Protection of the Odra (IKSO), which is based in Wroclaw. Letters to notify the riparian states of the Odra River and the Odra Commission, advising them of the project scope, design details and environmental impacts have been sent. * Bank Policy 17.50 - Public Disclosure. The EA report according to Bank Policy would be made available to the Public by disclosure at public libraries or other places accessible for project affected groups, NGOs and private persons.
3.9 COMPLIANCE WITH POLISH LEGISLATION AND WORLD BANK POLICIES
The present status of compliance of the project with Polish legislation and World Bank policies is indicated in Table 3.3. For Component A the local authorities have issued a site permit in July 2004 and the procedure for obtaining a construction permit, including preparation of a local EIA for this component is on-going and will be completed late 2005. For Component B, consisting of 13 contracting packages, 6 local EIAs will be prepared during 2005 and 2006 and construction permits will be issued following the completion of final designs. Requirements on public consultations and disclosure of EIAs have been followed and will be completed when the polish version of the national EIA report is disclosed later this year. Actions have been taken to meet the other requirements for the project in order to be in full compliance with Polish legislation and World Bank environmental policies.
25 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Table 3.3 - Compliance of project with GOP legislation and WB policies
Legislation/ Actions taken to comply Policy GOP Environmental Site Permit for component A approved (July 2004) legislation Protection Law Complete local EIA to obtain Construction Permit for Component A Complete disclosure and approve National EIA (MOE) Prepare local ElAs for selected sub-projects under Component B Implement disclosure and public consultation process ElAs Historic Inventories of cultural and historic monuments Component A Conservation completed (2005) & Protection Law Complete Archaeological inventory Component B as soon as final design completed Prepare Final designs in consultation with Conservator of Monuments Include chance-find procedure in contract documents Nature Discuss with stakeholders and prepare detailed proposals Conservation for mitigation/compensatory measures for Tworkowski Forest Law and affected PNS downstream of Raciborz to be included in project (Component C5) World Bank OP 4.01 - Overall EA and Public Consultations completed policy Environmental Prepare local ElAs for selected sub-projects under Component B Assessment (EA) Follow up mitigation measures through implementation of EMP Implement training and capacity building in environmental management OP 4.04 - Implement Inventories, Monitoring, and Mitigation & Compensation Natural Habitats measures for special conservation areas included in EMP OP 11.03 - Archaeological inventory for Component A completed Cultural Property Implement compensation/relocation of Historic and religious property in component A (RAP) Complete archaeological inventory for Component B after completion of final design Include Chance find procedures in contract documents OP 4.12 - RAP and Public Consultation Component A completed Involuntary Complete RAP for Component B minimizing need for resettlement; Resettlement Implement RAP Monitor results OP 4.37 - Install Independent Panel of Experts to review designs Safety of Dams Prepare Emergency Preparedness Plan together with stakeholders Modernize Flood Forecasting and prepare Flood Management Plans OP 7.50 - Riparian states of the Odra River and IKSO have been notified Projects on about scope, details and environmental impacts of project International Waterways BP 17.50 - Disclose full results of EA in libraries, web-sites etc. Public Disclosure
26 Chapter 4 ANALYSES OF ALTERNA TIVES
CHAPTER 4 ANALYSES OF ALTERNATIVES
4.1 THE WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO
Damages due to recurrent floods in the Odra River are very high. At least ten large floods of the Odra were recorded during the last half of the 2 0 th century. The flood of 1997 was by far the largest and most devastating ever recorded. During this dramatic event peak flood waves in the Odra and the Nysa Klodzka tributary overtopped embankments on a large scale. As a result an area of 65 000 ha was inundated in three voivodships Slaskie, Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie. The event took the life of 54 people, about 110 000 persons had to be evacuated and some 700 000 households were affected by inundation. Widespread damage was inflicted on property, infrastructure, especially in the historic city of Wroclaw. Other damages to be taken into account here are the effects of the floods on environmental "intangibles" such as cultural heritage and social aspects such as health and stress. Continuation of the existing situation with regularly incurring expenditures for flood damage control during emergency situations and continuing investments for the rehabilitation of private and public infrastructure after the floods have subsided is an unacceptable option, especially taking into consideration the risk of loss of life in the densely populated floodplain. Therefore, a higher degree of protection against floods of major towns and population centres is needed.
4.2 THE WITH PROJECT SCENARIO
After completion of the Project, it is expected that flood damages such as inflicted by this disastrous flood will be largely reduced. Lower flood levels in the Odra for a large range of flood severity together with modernized flood control structures and reinforcement of dikes on the most vulnerable locations will minimize the risks of inundations of urban and industrial areas. In particular the project will provide almost full protection to the city of Wroclaw against future floods of similar magnitude as those of 1997. Due to the predicted reduction in flood damage and secondary benefits of gravel extraction, the project has an economic internal rate of return of 17.3%.
4.3 OVERALL PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
For overall project design three basic options were considered: (i) providing flood protection by only raising the dikes along the river, (ii) constructing reservoirs on the tributaries of the Odra and (iii) raising dikes, where necessary, in combination with a "dry" polder at Raciborz. Option (i) is an extremely expensive solution and would have significant adverse environmental impacts since all existing Odra dikes would have to be raised above probable maximum flood level and many km of new dikes to be constructed. Regarding option (ii), several retention reservoirs on Odra tributaries have already been constructed or are being proposed/constructed as part of the Odra 2006 Programme and effectiveness of reservoirs on Odra tributaries for flood control in the Odra floodplain is low. Option (iii), building a dry polder with a capacity of 185 Mm3 at Raciborz for temporary storage of flood peaks, is by far the superior solution as it reduces the peak flow of large floods by about 20-50% and the corresponding water levels by about 0.5-1.0 m for more than 500 km of dikes. The first plan to build a reservoir upstream of Raciborz was prepared during the Prussian regime at the end of the 1 gth century. Subsequent follow-up concepts were developed during the 20 th century and all agreed on the suitability of the site for building a large retention
27 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
When the regulation of the Odra started and dikes were constructed there was a considerable change in the flood and sedimentation regime of the river. Under natural conditions the deposition of silt and clay was rather slow and occurred mainly in lateral direction. However, after 1750, when embankments were constructed at a large scale, the rate of sedimentation accelerated to 0.9 cm/year between the embankments, and this increased even further to 1.7 cm/year after 1950 (Czajka-Kaczka, 2003).
[.
't!. , q q .i . i-s4, ______-I.4I / --
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- X1;S'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Figure 5.1 - Geomorphological map of area upstream of Wroclaw
Bank failure during historic high floods resulted in the development of typical landscape elements at the site of the breach. Usually a deep (6-lOrn) scour pond developed at such sites, which later filled with groundwater and often surrounded by circle of woody vegetation. These formner dike breaches can be observed often in large number - for example, about 15 of these valuable landscape elements were recorded over a distance of 7 km between Siedlce-Kotowice. They are often threatened by dike reconstruction, dumping of waste and pollution of surface water, see Photo 5.2.
34 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Photo 5.1 4>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;-Cut-of meander of Odra River near Kotowice (oxbow lake) with mature riverine forest
Photo 5.2 -Water bodies formed by bank failures could be valuable landscape elements, however they are often not recognized and people use them to dump their waste
35 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
5.1.2.4 Recent geomorphologic history of the Wroclaw area Wroclaw is strategically located in a stretch of the Odra floodplain, where the Olawa and Widawa tributaries flow into the Odra, and where the main river splits into various branches, creating several islands. In this area, early settlers could find sufficient shelter and good transport by boat, and control of several rivers was possible in this swampy area. Numerous silted up former river beds gave Wroclaw the features of a city built on reclaimed swamps: during springtime the city was often flooded after the melting of snow in the mountains, while flash floods could also occur in summer when the river peaked after high rainfall in upstream regions.
To protect the city from floods, dikes were constructed, and with the development of the city the surface of the terrain was systematically raised. The meandering river often switched its bed after such floods, breaking through an old meander levee and following a new course in the wide and flat valley. Former Odra river beds were filled up with materials from the Widawa and Olawa sub-catchments. Previously, these rivers flowed into the Odra River near the city of Olawa. A detailed geomorphology map of the area upstream of Wroclaw is given in Figure 5.1.
5.1.3 HYDROLOGY AND GROUNDWATER 5.1.3.1 Catchment characteristics and floodplain morphology The source of the Odra River - which has a length of 854 km - is at 634 m above sea level (asl) in the Silesian-Moravian part of the Sudetes Mountain Range. The area is underlain by relatively impermeable clay shale, and erosion by run-off has resulted in a dense drainage network of mountain tributaries. All of them have relatively high gradients. Along the first 87 km the Odra River flows as a relatively undisturbed fast flowing mountain stream in a Northeasterly direction through a rather straight valley towards the confluence with the Opava River (see also Figure 5.2). Near the city of Ostrava, a large industrialized city in the Czech Republic the river flows through a protected wetland reserve (Poodri Ramsar site) of 5 500 ha in size, not far from the Polish border.
After 107 km the river enters Poland near Chalupki through the Moravian Gate, and changes its course towards the Northwest. After this point it changes into a typical lowland river, with a low gradient and a tendency to meander. The Odra then flows through the Silesian Lowland plain through a several kilometres wide river floodplain in the direction of Wroclaw and from there further towards the border with Germany at the confluence of Odra with the Nysa Luzycka. The floodplain runs largely parallel to the Sudetes, located at some 100 km distance to the Southwest. At the Moravian Gate the altitude of the valley is about 195 m asl, in the Scinawa Gorge about 90 m asl, declining to about 40 m at the mouth of the Nysa Luzycka.
A large number of left bank tributaries, each with their catchment on Polish territory join the Odra, including the most important tributary, the Nysa Klodzka. The relief in this part of the catchment is steep, with elevations up to 1 400 m, and the underlying rocks are relatively impermeable. The natural drainage system is therefore dense and the runoff potentially rapid. The right bank tributaries such as Ruda, Klodnica, Mala Panew and Stobrawa do not have the character of montane rivers, and floodwaters from these streams are less pronounced than those of the left bank tributaries.
36 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
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channelspmentas faraslRacirand Ke thEe(km s.T hi stre chisngly regulated inbthe bgnn 4 o .enturt , Ms s w c o a straghtne NeaoreRcbrthe Psindorl Rivr jisteOr and fryreetlompltedhere the draelose uralngw theodinembsankments. Donrea ofmK oae t perOdra Fisocopetly camenati stream of Opole (km 148) the river divides into a diversion channel, which was partially constructed before the Second World War and only recently completed. There is dense urban human laivesorz prpetesPiarafetd River Odaanormfhrflodlinsthat lk the Odra developmentby1canalizationpndnmeroushtav on the island betweengroyneswreicnsruted these arms. Diversion to channelsphsvrotec andare stabflizesalso locatedalongltwRiver at Brzeg cannelusuall densel paiopulated forzlvret(km 92).This. (km 197) and Olawa (km 213); the gradient from thesthet Olza confluenceprsecstofngly to Kozlervreguatedthfeil is low, beingalluvialegiainn only 0.45%o.has atcthed peopl siccaentur.Ms timners. Therecu occupied stherpriaghteneds bcandsaliztioeadbidnguetlmerous grones werbacommnitrucesdln tohroe river Usuabilyze vilgs townemandkments. 5.1.3.2 Developmentsroadsstreamil that have ofnoze contributedthe sOmewat to hisgomleerlyondthe severity ofschnalsted the floods elevtream Flooding is a natural phenomenon in a floodplain. Floods only become catastrophic when human lives or properties are affected. River floodplains like that of the Odra River valley are usually densely populated for a variety of reasons. The presence of the river and the fertile alluvial plain has attracted people since ancient times. They occupied the riparian lands and started building settlementshuman uan communities along the river. Usually the villages, towns and major roads were built on the somewhat higher grounds such as the elevated terraces on both sides of the river valley in order to protect property and infrastructure from flooding.
Construction of embankments for the purpose of flood protection started in the 15t and 16t centuries Systematic improvements were not carried out before the middle of the 1 8th century, however, when emperor Frederic the Great began a large scale programme to regulate the Odra River through cutting of meanders, canalization of riverbeds, construction of embankments and protection against erosion by means of groynes. Swamps were reclaimed, and agriculture and human settlements mushroomed along the river.
37 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
5.1.4 WATER QUALITY OF THE ODRA RIVER The quality of Odra water is regularly monitored, and monitoring results indicate that there has been a gradual improvement in water quality of the Odra for most indicators measured during the last 10 years. This is the result of a massive programme to build and improve treatment facilities for industrial and urban wastewater, but also the restructuring and closure of old industrial establishments and mines has played a role. In most monitoring points along the Middle Odra today, water quality meets at least class 2 standards. There are some exceptions in the vicinity of sources of pollution still present, but the general trend shows a significant improvement in recent years. Biological contamination, however, is still considerable, especially of organic compounds and coliform bacteria.
5.1.5 POTENTIAL CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES A large dump of coal waste can be found about 1 km upstream of the Raciborz reservoir, near the village of Bukow, see Photo 5.3. The dump covers an area of about 20 ha of former gravel pits excavated in the permeable gravels layers, not far from the Odra, River. Since the early 1960s coal waste has been disposed at this site, originating from a mine located at some 30 km distance. The mined material is transported to Bukow by rail, and over time large quantities of spoil have been dumped at the site. The dumps are now about 40 m above the surface of the terrain, and the lower part of this landfill is about 10 m below the water table.
Part of the coal waste is currently being reprocessed at a nearby site by an international consortium in order to recover another 10% of coal from these deposits. After processing, the spoils are then dumped into the same landfill and are partly covered by groundwater, but most of it is deposited above the groundwater table. Mine tailings are not considered to be inert, and under aerobic conditions they pose a risk for the environment. The physical and chemical properties of such coal waste deposits are highly variable, depending on the nature of the coal deposits. Sulphide minerals, especially pyrite (FeS2 ) are common in such tailings, and are usually present in significant concentrations (up to several %). Under reduced (anaerobic conditions) and with a normal pH, metals are fixed as sulphides and do not pose a threat. A major problem however is caused by the oxidation of pyrite under aerobic conditions, whereby sulphides are oxidized by microbiological processes into sulphates, and even into sulphuric acid (H 2SO4 ), leading to a significant lowering of the pH. Under such acid conditions, percolating rainwater can dissolve heavy metals in the minerals, such as copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Easily dissolved metal oxides then spread rapidly into the groundwater and surface water, leading to a strong contamination with heavy metals. This could threaten fish and other aquatic life and pollute the aquifer used for drinking water. Especially the layers stored under aerobic conditions (above the groundwater table) represent a potential risk, since percolating rainwater can easily spread from here into the permeable gravel aquifer. During the Environmental Assessment the Electrical Conductivity (EC) of open water was measured in Odra River, gravel pits, oxbow lakes and small streams at 25 locations. Unexpected high conductivities were measured (see Figure 5.5) at locations near the coal waste dump, at several locations in the southern part of the reservoir. Another site where coal
40 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
... T '.
Photo 5.3 - Mfinestone dump near Bukow within 700 m of the Raciborz reservoir waste had been used as landfill near a bridge in the northern part of the reservoir also had very high EC values. Highest EC values recorded at these locations were > 4.0 mS/cm (class Saline water), in the Wielikat ponds 2.7 mS/cm (class Slightly Saline water), whereas as a reference Odra water had an EC = 1.1I mS/cm and along the Plinc river and in seepage areas only 0.4-0.7 mS/cm was recorded. The high EC values indicate high salinities, probably caused by a high sulphate content. It is strongly recommended to investigate this problem in order to quantify and to determine the suspected cause of the problem. pH values of surface and groundwater should be monitored in order to determnine how far pollution with heavy metals has progressed.
The presence of large bodies of surface water in many old gravel pits makes it possible that water contaminated with heavy metals can spread over a vast area downstream of the tailings. As a result, the Wielikat fish ponds, reservoir (including the adjacent Tworkowski forest), gravel pits and groundwater wells are all essentially at risk. Also, drinking water wells of the community of Lubomia, which currently serve some 4 500 people and are located some 3 km downstream of the landfill, might be threathened.
5.1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS LOCAL AUTHORITIES Remedial measures for such landfills in comparable situations in Germnany and the Netherlands have proven to be very complicated and extremely costly. Local authorities in Gmina Lubomia should know potential consequences. Unfortunately, they are not aware of the situation and they do not consider the coal waste dump as posing a health risk for the local population and fisheries. Also, there is no monitoring system in place to control the quality of percolating waters and the surrounding ground and surface water.
41 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project- Environmental Assessment
1X, i.j M S ,...,..
_ _e _\1 1 ; ', Wsowua 2 km
--I\'' * 'U. A
Figure 5.5 - Conductivity isolines of water bodies in the area of Raciborz reservoir (,uS cm-')
42 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
5.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
5.2.1 DEMOGRAPHY
The project area is located in three voivodships: Slaskie, Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie, each of which has a strongly different character and history. Dolnoslaskie is by far the largest and has a population density of 145 people/km2 . Slaskie with its long industrial history is strongly urbanized and has major industrial agglomerations. With 384 people/km 2 , it is also the most densely populated voivod. Opolskie, with 112 persons/kM2, has a more rural and agricultural character, although some larger industrial sites can be found in towns along the Odra River. Details of demographic conditions are presented in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 - Demographic conditions in three Upper Odra voivodships (2003) Characteristic Dolnoslaskie Opolskie Slaskie 2 Area of voivodship (kM ) 19 948 9 412 12 294 Share of area Poland (%) 6.4 3.0 3.9 Population in voivodship 2 898 313 1 055 667 4 714 982 Urban (%) 71.6 52.5 61.0 Rural (%) 28.4 47.5 39.0 Share of population Poland (%) 7.7 2.8 12.0 Population growth (per 1 000 pop.) -1.4 -0.5 -1.4 Registered unemployed persons 278 271 83 436 323 200 Rate of unemployment (%) 22.4 21.6 17.4 Source: Statistical offices GOP
5.2.2 EMPLOYMENT
Poland's most important socio-economic problem is the high rate of unemployment, which is estimated to be around 20% of the labour force. Increasing numbers of people from all three voivodships work in the EU, since travel and work has become simpler since Poland joined the EU. Many people from rural areas find work in the Danish and Dutch agriculture and construction sectors, and increasingly also in other EU countries. The greatest handicap for working in the EU is that relatively few workers speak foreign languages.
Industry and commercial services provide most employment in Slaskie voivodships, while the number of people employed in these sectors is considerably lower in Dolnoslaskie and Opolskie. The agricultural sector provides a relatively significant amount of employment in Opolskie voivodship (see Table 5.3).
Table 5.3 - Employment in Upper Odra voivodships (total persons employed in sector) Voivodshp.Agriculture, Industry Commercial Voivodship fisheries & forestry & construction services Non-commercialservices
Dolnoslaskie 99 320 226 519 188 188 165 025 Opolskie 107 600 118 400 104 800 62 000 Slaskie 212 600 741 200 613 400 267 800 Soiurce: Statistical offices GOP
43 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
5.2.3 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Table 5.4 provides information on the contribution of the various sectors to the national economy. Industry, construction and services have by far the greatest contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For Opolskie, agriculture is an important sector and to a lesser extent, this is also the case in Dolnoslaskie.
Table 5.4 - Economic activities in Upper Odra voivodships (relative contribution to GDP in %)
Voivodship Services Industry Agriculture, fisheries & construction & forestry Dolnoslaskie 62 32 5.8 Opolskie 58 30 11.6 Slaskie 54 44 1.6 Source: Statistical offices GOP
5.2.4 LAND USE More than 50% of the area of Dolnoslaskie and Slaskie is used for agriculture (see Table 5.5), while in Opolskie this is much higher, as agricultural land use dominates about two thirds of the voivodship. The loess and alluvial soils of the floodplain are especially interesting for agricultural use because of their relatively high fertility, compared to the poor sandy soils of the glacial plateau.
Forests extend over about 30% of all three voivodships. Forestry is important on the relatively sandy and unfertile soils that extend over large areas of the glacial plateau. Most forests are used for production. The Odra riverine forests, however, are not of interest for commercial exploitation and should be considered as natural forests.
Table 5.5 - Total land use in ha and (%)
Voivodship Total area Agricultural land Forests Other uses Dolnoslaskie 1 994 776 (100.0) 1 054 934 (52.9) 586 794 (29.4) 353 048 (17.7) Opolskie 941 247 (100.0) 613 668 (65.2) 257 333 (27.3) 70 246 (7.5) Slaskie 1 233 064 (100.0) 664 786 (53.9) 401 803 (32.6) 166 475 (13.5) Source: Statistical offices GOP
5.2.5 LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE IN THE RACIBORZ POLDER Present land use in the Raciborz reservoir area is shown in Table 5.6. Arable land and pastures cover about 71% of the area, while natural forests and waste land cover about 17% of the area. The remainder is divided between residential areas, infrastructure, open water and ongoing gravel excavations.
44 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Table 5.6 - Land use in the Raciborz Polder
Land use Area in ha Agricultural land 1 854 70.6 Forest 147 5.6 Bushes and thickets 14 0.5 Surface water 185 7.0 Gravel excavations 17 0.7 Ditches 25 1.0 Residential area 40 1.5 Infrastructure 53 2.0 Waste land 292 11.1 Total 2 627 100 Source: RAP, 2005
More than 60% of the land within the reservoir area is owned by the State. State owned land consists mostly of large plots (>10 ha) administered by various institutions. The remaining land is owned by private owners, most of them residents of the reservoir, but also by private owners living outside the reservoirs and some private firms.
Agricultural plots belonging to residents are very small, and do not produce more than a supplement to the household income. Most of the residents have employment outside the reservoir area and are not active in the agricultural sector. Three quarters of the plots owned by private persons are smaller than 0.5 ha. Some private people own several small plots.
5.2.6 AGRICULTURE
Most of the arable land in the three voivodships is used for the cultivation of crops such as maize, wheat, rapeseed, sugar beet and other field crops (see Table 5.7). The area of orchards is low and around a quarter of the land is used as meadows or permanent pasture. The acreage of arable land in the floodplain is expanding, since groundwater tables along the Odra River have decreased and former meadows and hay lands have been converted to arable crops, especially field crops and fodder crops such as wheat and maize.
Table 5.7 - Agricultural land use in ha and (%)
Voivodship Agriculture Arable Orchards Meadows Pasture Dolnoslaskie 1 054 934 (100) 871 913 (82.6) 7 149 (0.7) 119 986 (11.4) 55 885 (5.3) Opolskie 613 668 (100) 481 205 (78.4) 4 150 (0.7) 77 785 (12.7) 50 528 (8.2) Slaskie 664 786 (100) 471 067 (70.8) 12 042 (1.8) 93 678 (14.1) 87 999 (13.2) Source: Statistical offices GOP
In the spatial planning of land utilization for agricultural use (as arable land) no consideration has been given so far to potential flood risks. It has been reported that more than 20 000 ha of arable land in the area between Chalupki (km 21) and Krapkowice (km 125) is not protected against floods. These reports also state that 66% of the losses due to floods in 1958 and 1972 were agricultural losses. However, this can not be an argument to protect these areas
45 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment with dikes, as it is more efficient to enforce the present rule that no arable agriculture is allowed in land subject to (regular) flooding.
5.2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS In the past, most railways and roads were constructed on higher ground parallel to the floodplain. In the vicinity of major cities, road and railway connections have been built crossing the Odra valley. With a view to the flood risk, these roads and railways have been built on embankments or dikes, which often form major obstacles for the floods to pass and could increase flood risk if not properly integrated. It has been recognised that it is important to coordinate these plans with flood protection activities.
5.2.8 NAVIGATION The inland waterway system of Poland includes 1954 km of navigable waterways, of which the Odra River (695 km is navigable) has the greatest volume of transport. Inland water transport is hindered by the poor condition of a large part of the infrastructure, and by insufficient depth and difficult navigation conditions along parts of the river. The Odra, together with the Gliwice Canal (constructed during the Prussian period), forms a 742 km long waterway connecting the Silesian industrial area with the Szczecin international harbour. The river is the only Polish waterway that is connected via the Spree and Havel canal with the Elbe and the rest of the Western European waterway system. Bulk shipments such as coal, ore, building materials and fertilizer form the majority of transported materials. Container and Roll-on/Roll-of transport is increasing in Poland, but is not feasible on the Odra in view of the small clearances under its bridges.
From March to November the Odra is navigable up to Kedzierzyn-Kozle for ships up to 1 200 ton, but in the winter the presence of ice makes navigation impossible, especially along the downstream section. The navigable stretch can be divided into three sections (i) Kozle-Brzeg Dolny, 228 km, mainly canalized, easily navigable (class 3), (ii) Brzeg Dolny-confluence of Nysa Luzycka river, 257 km, a section with problems due to insufficient depth, (iii) Nysa Luzycka-Szczecin, 198 km easily navigable (class 2). The section upstream of Kedzierzyn-Kozle towards the Czech border is not used for inland transport, except by some recreational vessels and boats.
The bulk goods transported by ship consist of coal (10 million ton/yr), ore (2.5 million ton/yr) and 2 million ton/yr of other goods. About 3.6 millions tons of bulk goods are shipped to Germany on an annual basis. The total volume of shipments has been considerably reduced since the 1980s due to closure of traditional heavy industries and mines along the river and in Silesia. A dominant activity will remain the transportation of bulk products, such as coal for the electric power plants along the river, and of gravel and sand for the building sector. Currently about 10-12 vessels pass the Rozanka sluices in Wroclaw on a daily basis, but there are also periods when no more than 50 vessels pass during one month (according to the sluice master). New forms of transport on the Odra include large cruise ships with tourists, usually coming from Germany. Their share is still small (estimated at 7 ships/yr), but numbers may increase when facilities are upgraded.
Port and harbour facilities and stations for trans-shipment of goods are available, although not all of them are in a good condition. There are 11 harbours open to all type of ships and 18 industrial ports and shipment facilities with different technical levels.
46 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
5.2.9 TOURISM AND RECREATION
The historic city of Wroclaw attracts an increasing number of tourists from Germany and many other places in the world. The Odra River channel network with its numerous historic bridges, control structures and sluices is one of the most attractive elements in the city. Wroclaw is the only city in Poland and one of the few in Europe, which has so many hydrotechnical monuments. RZGW has recognized the important function of the river and the associated infrastructure for stimulating tourism and has prepared a plan to promote and expand the use of the various Odra channels around Wroclaw for tourist trips (by small boats), a public network transport (water taxi for up to 50 persons) and small cruises (boats up to 200 passengers). A network of about 53 km (roundtrip) has been identified, with 6 existing harbours and 9 potential locations for building new mooring facilities.
5.3 THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
5.3.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEMS
Like most natural river systems, the Odra River shows a significant variation in habitats in lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions. Dynamic fluvial processes of alternating erosion and sedimentation caused by periodic flooding, have created a wide transitional zone between land and water, with a large variety of aquatic and semi-aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This zone is characterized by a high biological productivity and an extremely high biological diversity.
These fluvial processes create new habitats on gravel and sand banks, which are over time subjected to ecological succession and stabilisation, first by herbs and grasses, followed by shrubs and trees. Different types of floodplain forests develop, depending on the frequency, duration and depth of flooding, the rate of sedimentation and on the organic and mineral composition of the soil, both in the catchment area and in the river valley. Softwood forests of willow and black poplar usually develop first on the fringes of the regularly flooded areas. Alder-ash forests develop in backswamps, and oak, elm and hombeam grow on the natural levees and less frequently flooded parts of the floodplain. Maturation of these habitats can take a considerable time, a process that could be abruptly interrupted by sudden events that change the morphology of the streambed, e.g. the cutting- off of a meander, or the forming of a new river channel, both of which could create completely new circumstances.
An exceptionally high biological diversity is usually found in riverine forests and associated wetland complexes. It is estimated that about 70% of the breeding bird species of Poland can be found in these habitats. The main threats to these riparian habitats are river-regulation and flood control projects, and the continued lowering of the ground water table as a result of non-sustainable ground water extraction and drainage. In the Project area, the lowering of the ground water table leads to the replacement of riparian softwood stands by oak-hormbeam formations. Many floodplain forests in the Odra basin have already been modified, and shrubs and grassland associations now form the prevailing vegetation.
5.3.2 THE BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ROLE OF THE ODRA RIVER AS A BIO-CORRIDOR The Odra and its floodplain provide important habitat for many species including migratory fish that seasonally move upstream to spawning areas and nurturing grounds, whereas fish
47 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment spawn are transported downstream by the flow of the river. The Odra Valley is also an important north-south migration route for many bird species, as well as for certain mammals such as the otter and the beaver. This function of the river is of great importance for the survival of fragmented and isolated animal communities along the Odra Valley, even after the regulation and canalization works were completed, and the expansion of agriculture that has taken place during the 20th Century. In spite of these alterations, the Odra River and its valleys still constitute the last remnant of a major ecological structure in the largely man-made landscape of the Central European Lowlands.
The Upper Odra Valley is located on the boundary between two geographical regions in Europe: the continental region and the alpine (Carpathian) region. The border region with Moravia has the warmest climate in Poland and functions as a "gate" for many thermophilous and montane species that enter Poland through the Odra Valley. Examples are some very rare and endangered plants as: Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Epipactis albensis, Hacquetia epipactis, Salvinia natans, Scilla bifolia, Scrophulariascopoli, Symphytum tuberosum, Trapa natans.
The entire stretch of the Upper and Middle Odra Valley is recognised as an important international bio-corridor. The area can be divided into two parts: (i) the international ecological corridor (code ECONET 19M) along the Upper Odra and (ii) international core area (ECONET 17M) downstream of Opole.
The first corridor is strongly fragmented and deforested, and along this stretch only small patches of forests, wet meadows, wetlands and oxbows remain. The active floodplain has been strongly reduced and the natural river dynamics and processes have stopped in most parts. Alluvial forest complexes are still found in the vicinity of Raciborz (Las Tworkowski and Lezczok) and between Kedzierzyn-Kozle and Krapkowice (Leg Zdzieszowicki). Meadows and wetlands were preserved only as small patches in the depressions of the former meanders, often surrounded by arable land.
The second part of the corridor is covered by a more or less continuous forest belt starting a few kilometres downstream of Opole up to Wroclaw. The active floodplain along this stretch is also reduced, but is used as polders for flood protection, which has resulted in a relatively higher diversity of habitats and biota. Floodplains and wet meadows, wetlands and oxbows occur in rather large patches and in several places some large complexes of these wet habitats can be found, i.e. in the area of the Nysa Klodzka confluence and between Olawa and Wroclaw.
5.3.3 BIODIVERSITY 5.3.3.1 Ecosystems and habitats The riverine habitats along the Odra Valley can be recognised according to their physiognomic features as (i) aquatic habitats, (ii) open terrestrial habitats, and (iii) forest habitats. Basic characteristic are described below according to the classification of EU habitats. The habitats marked with (*) are priority habitats according to the EUR 25 Manual.
48 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
1) Freshwater habitats Standing water - oxbows andponds: 3130 - Amphibious, short, annual pioneer vegetation of land interface zones of ponds with soils low in nutrients or which grow during periodic drying of these standing waters; 3140 - Hard mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara ssp., which could occur in gravel pits; 3150 - Oxbows and ponds with more or less turbid waters, rich in dissolved bases (pH usually > 7) and nutrients, with free-floating surface communities of Hydrocharition or in deeper parts of open waters, with associations of large pond weeds;
Sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics and no significant deteriorationof water quality: 3260 - Small and medium sized water courses with submerged or floating vegetation of Ranuncuilionfluitantisin some Odra tributaries; 3270 - Muddy river banks with annual pioneer nitrophilous vegetation along the whole stretch of Upper and Middle Odra River.
2) Terrestrial habitats Natural and semi-natural grasslands: 6410 - Extensively used semi-natural tall-herb humid Molinia meadows with a fluctuating water table. In this rare habitat type many protected and threatened plant species occur. It is also an important breeding habitat for waterfowl birds, such as snipe, godwit, and corncrake; 6430 - Wet and nitrophilous, tall herb edge communities along water courses and woodland borders; 6440 - Alluvial meadows with natural flooding regime; 6510 - Species rich lowland hay meadows on slightly to moderately fertilized soils. If management practices become intensive with heavy applications of fertilizer, the species diversity rapidly declines. Reed beds and sedges phytocoenoses, not mentioned by habitat directive (92/43 EEC), forming an amphibious zone along the oxbows' or river banks or in the local depressions; Mires andfens: 7140 - Transition mires with peat formations, which present a diverse range of plant communities. The most prominent communities are formed by medium-sized or small sedges, accompanied by aquatic and amphibious communities. Nowadays this type of habitat, which is an important breeding habitat for waterfowl, is very rare in the Upper and Middle Odra Valley; 7230 - Alkaline fens of small limestone loving sedge and brown moss communities developed on permanently waterlogged soils. This habitat type has become extremely rare.
49 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
3) Forests 9170 - Sub-continental, Central-European Lime-Hornbeam forests and mesophilous Oak-Hombeam forests on hydromorphic soils and soils with high water table, but only infrequently flooded; 91E0* - Alluvial forests occurring in three subtypes: - Regularly inundated shrub galleries of Willows Salix spp. as a early succession stage of alluvial forests from Saliceteapurpureae class (not included in Habitat Directive 92/43 EEC); - Regularly inundated galleries of tall Willows Salix alba, S. fragilis and Poplar Populus nigra, along lowland or sub-montane rivers; - More swampy Ash-Alder woods in depressions around oxbows or along streams; 91F0 - Riverine mixed forests with Elm along the main river, liable to regular, but not so often flooding as gallery forests (91E0*). After the levees have silted up above flood levels this type of forest is transformed into a mesophilous Oak-Hornbeam forest; Alder forests, not mentioned by Habitat Directive (92/43 EEC), forming an amphibious zone in a more advanced succession stage, along the oxbows or river banks or in local depressions.
5.3.3.2 Fauna and flora Floodplain systems belong to the most diverse and species-rich ecosystems of the temperate zone. In the past centuries the Odra River has been subject to regulation works in order to control flooding and to improve navigation. Construction of embankments and canalisation of the riverbed has strongly affected the lateral biodiversity gradient, whereas dams and weirs cut off the longitudinal connection. The highest faunistic and floristic diversity could be found on the remnants of semi-natural wet tall-herb meadows, flooded meadows, oxbows with surrounding wetlands and mature riverine mixed forests.
The most precious complexes of wet Molinia meadows are found on the left bank of the Odra River between Siechnice and Wroclaw. These areas, which are associated with river meanders and oxbows, provide habitat to many protected and threatened species: plants such as Ophioglossum vulgatum, Gentianapneumonanthe, Iris sibirica, Gladiolus imbricatus; butterflies with scarce- and dusky large blue Maculinea teleius and M nausithous; amphibians such as fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina or birds like the white stork Ciconia ciconia, corn crake Crex crex, bluethroat Luscinia svecica, barred warbler Sylvia nisoria, red-backed shrike Lanius collurio or ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana. Flooded meadows from Cnidion dubii alliance are also scarce, but more widespread distributed along the Odra.
Oxbow lakes and accompanying wetlands are not common in the Odra Valley especially in its upper part. Most of them have been cut off from the main stream and have become terrestrial ecosystems. Oxbow lakes harbour threatened species like water chestnut Trapa natans or Salvinia natans; amphibians and reptiles with great crested newt Tritlrus cristatus and European pond turtle Emys orbicularis;numerous waterfowl birds such as ducks (Anas ssp. and Aythya ssp.), mute swan Cygnus olor, little bittern Ixobrychus minutus, marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus, crane Grus grus or warblers Acrocephalus spp. These habitats are also used by bats Microchiropterafor feeding.
The elm-oak forests include bulbous spring plants such as snowdrop Galanthus nivalis, Allium ursinum, Hacquetia epipactis and Scillia bifolia. The last two have their northernmost distribution in the upper Odra Valley. Remnants of old growth stands are the most important
50 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
habitat for bird species, especially raptors like honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, black- and red kite Milvus migrans and M. milvus, white-tailed eagle Haliaeetusalbicilla, lesser spotted eagle Aquila pomarina. The black stork Ciconia nigra and insectivorous birds like nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, woodlark Lullula arborea, collared- and red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula albicollis and F. parva are found in these habitats. The most important factor for the survival of these species is the preservation of old and hollow tree stands for nesting.
The gallery forests along the embankments of the river are an important reservoir for sustaining biodiversity. Old (nearly dead) willows or oaks are the habitat for insects: Cerambyx longicorn, Cerambyx cerdo and hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita. Steep scourged flanks of river banks are breeding sites for kingfisher Alcedo atthis and sand martin Riparia riparia.Plovers and common tern Sterna hirundo prefer the sandy islands within the river as breeding habitats, but most of these have disappeared due to canalisation of the river.
In Figure 5.6 the area of the various forest habitats in the floodplain between Raciborz and Wroclaw is presented. This has been done on basis of the data collected for the preparation of the WWF Auen Atlas (2000). The graphs show that the area of willow-poplar in the active floodplain almost has disappeared and the acreage of elder-ash forests is limited to 150-200 ha only.
Figure 5.7 shows that oxbows have largely disappeared in the active floodplain. Humid meadows are still present but most of them are found within the by dikes protected floodplain.
Annex A provides a list of plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals found in the Project area, including their classification according to Polish, international and EU criteria.
5.3.3.3 River basin fish fauna Natural conditions Trout can be found in the river from the source of the Odra River in the Czech Republic, over a short distance until the confluence with the Jicinka River. From there until the mouth of the Ostravica River, graylings are common and from there up to Kedzierzyn, it is the area of barbel. Between Kedzierzyn and Brzeg Dolny the Odra River system has been significantly modified as a result of the construction of 41 barrages and weirs. Living conditions for fish requiring strong currents are retained only in short sections below these structures.
The basin of the Upper and Middle Odra River is asymmetrical. The left-side tributaries flow out of the Sudety mountains and carry a lot of water. Gradients in these streams are steep and most have rocky riverbeds. In the lower areas these streams maintain rather steep gradients and the riverbed usually consists of gravels. In the upper reaches they have the character of a trout Salmo trutta trutta habitat, and in the lower stretches of a barbel habitat. The left-side tributaries are therefore suitable spawning sites for rock breeding fish, and all the long-distance migrating Odra River fishes belong to this group.
The right-side tributaries downstream of the Olza River are lowland rivers with low gradients and sandy riverbeds. Gravel is only locally found. These streams are not suitable for trout and in the lower reaches they provide typical habitat for bream. There are also potential spawning sites for zahrte Vimba vimba. For the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and trout, significant spawning sites are found only in the Olza and Ostravica rivers.
51 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
3500
3000
2500 -
z 2000-
@ 1500-
1000
500
Softwood Hardwood Transitonal Mesophile Elder-ash Wilow- Plantabons Poplar
a Forests in geomorphological floodplain * Forests within dikes
Figure 5.6 - Composition of forests in flood plain between Raciborz and Wroclaw
10000 -
8000 -
6000 4,
2000-
Reeds-sedges Wetand Other humid Oxbows Lakes Gravel pits swamps meadow meadows complexes
[Wetlands in geomorphological floodplain EWetlands within dikes
Figure 5.7 - Wetlands, swamps and humid meadows between Raciborz and Wroclaw
52 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
0 10 20 km
r,,WROCLAW
OPOL
LEGEND:
/ ~RIVER ' RACIB6.RZ ,p BARRIERS
Figure 5.8 - Barriers in th Upper and Middle Odra River blocking migration of fish
The Odra River and its tributaries are to a large degree regulated and controlled by numerous barrages, see Figure 5.8. On the Odra River alone there are 41 barrages, and 23 of these present major obstacles for the migration of fish: 4 have no fish pass at all, and the remainder has been provided with chamber fish passes. However, the latter are either obsolete or poorly managed.
The present state of thefish fauna The full list of the Odra River fish fauna contains 54 native species and lampreys (see Annex A7) and 19 purposely or accidentally introduced species. Sturgeon Acipenser sturio has become extinct. In the Middle and Upper Odra River basins there are 45 native fish species. The Ukrainian lamprey Eudontomyzon mariae, allis shad Alosa alosa, twaite shad Alosafallax, lake minnow Eupalasiellaperenurus, smelt Osmerus eperlanus, vendace Coregonus albula, whitefish Coregonus lavaretus and lake trout Salmo trutta lacustris are absent in this area.
53 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Five species are critically endangered: sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, zahrte Vimba vimba, ziege Pelecus cultratus, spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus and golden loach Sabanejeviaaurata. Three species are endangered: river lamprey Lampetrafluviatilis,barbel Barbus barbus and nase Chondrostomanasus. Highly endangered species are the group of rheophilic fish, which spawn on the rocks and perform long, anadromous or potamodromous migrations. Exceptions are the ziege and the golden loach.
Apart from the numerous obstacles in the Odra River blocking migration, fishes in the Odra system have also suffered from poor quality river water. In recent years water quality has considerably improved because of the implementation of many sewage treatment plants in the basin, but the obstacles remain a major constraint to the recovery of the fish fauna.
Barrages block the migration of anadromous fish to the Odra tributaries with the highest number of potential spawning sites: the upper Nysa Klodzka and Biala Ladecka Rivers for the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and trout Salmo trutta and the middle Nysa Klodzka for the zahrte Vimba vimba.
The capacity of the existing fish passes at the barrages is insufficient. Fish migration was studied in the chamber fish pass at the first barrage ending the freely flowing Odra River in Brzeg Dolny (Waly Slaskie). The fish find the entrance to the fish pass and swim into the chambers, but they are not able to pass through the last chamber on the upstream side. Opportunities for fish passing through the barrages are higher during high water levels, when the gates are opened. In July 2002 trout reached the mouth of the Nysa Klodzka River.
The list of fish fauna available in the project area is given in Annex A7.
Fish breeding and catches There are many breeding ponds in the valley of the Upper and Middle Odra River. Some of these are a major source for the introduction of exotic fish species, purposely and accidentally.
Fish management along the Upper and Middle Odra and its tributaries is carried out by the Opole and Wroclaw regional organizations of the Polish Angling Association (PAA). Around 50 000 anglers are members of the PAA sections of these districts (22 000 in Opole district and 28 000 in the Wroclaw district). Registered catches amount to 60 ton per year, but is likely to be higher since registration is only obligatory since this year. The fish catches include: bream Abramis brama, roach Rutilus rutilus, pikeperch Sander lucioperca and pike Esox lucius. In the right hand tributaries catches are dominated by brown trout Salmo trutta fario and chub Leuciscus cephalus, in the left hand tributaries they include mainly roach and perch Percafluviatilis.
5.3.3.4 Plans for reintroduction of migrating fish species The PAA has developed a programme for reintroduction and strengthening of the anadromous and potamodromous fish species. Until 1994, the only potamodromous species introduced to the Middle Odra River was the brown trout Salmo truttafario. Between 1995-2004 the number of species introduced to the Odra River increased to 11 (Table 5.8).
54 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Table 5.8 - Anadromous and potamodromous fish stock in the Upper and Middle Odra
19931 19941 19951 19961 1997 MI98 1999 20001 20011 20021 2003T 2004 Sal=o tnItta fano pstrW potokowy Brown trout Chondrostoma nasus &Mnka Nase Aspus aspius bole Asp Leuciscus idus jai Ide Leuciscus cephalus IdelV Chub Thymallus thymallus lipieO Grayling Lota Iota miQtus Burbot______Sanmo ttatflta M tro wqdrowna Trout Barbus barbus brzana Barbel Vilnt vidna cuts Zahrtb (Vinba) Sahno8aiar tosot Atlandc saimon =
Recovery programmes for the dual-habitat anadromous fish (Atlantic salmon, trout and zahrte) and the strengthening of the existing population of potamodromous fish is performed in three stages. The first stage is almost completed and consisted of increasing fish stock, first only until Brzeg Dolny, but later also in other tributaries upstream, e.g. the Widawa River. The next stage is currently being implemented, which will involve removing obstacles in the Odra near Wroclaw and further upstream. After that further restocking of the anadromous fish can take place using the storage reservoir in the Nysa Klodzka River.
5.3.3.5 Legal regulations for angling and fishery in Poland The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MOA) is the responsible organization for breeding and catching of fish in inland waters. Angling and fisheries in Poland is regulated by the Inland fisheries Act of 1985, while the Water Law of 2001 deals with the conditions for making public waters available for fisheries. Standards for water quality are defined in a decree of the Ministry of Environment of 2002, defining the habitat of fish living in a natural environment.
5.3.4 CURRENT THREATS TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT The main existing threats for the natural environment (without project) in the Upper and Middle Odra floodplain are: 1) Changes in the natural river dynamics through canalisation of riverbeds, cutting-off of meanders, narrowing of the active floodplain by the constructing new embankments, which have stopped river morphological processes; 2) The stabilisation of groundwater (no fluctuation of groundwater levels during season) and reduction of flood water dynamics through the reduction of the active floodplain to a narrow strip of land along the riverbed; 3) Creation of ecological barriers for freshwater biota by building weirs, sluices and dams for the purpose of navigation; 4) The lowering of groundwater tables and drying out of areas along the river through increased riverbed erosion along the downstream side of the numerous weirs and control structures built in the Odra; 5) Introduction of new invasive species from different catchments through connecting canals e.g. between the Elbe and Odra rivers;
55 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
6) Simplification of forest management through the promotion of monocultures of highly productive species, tree plantations of exotic species (mostly poplar hybrids) and felling of large, uniform tree stands; 7) Long-term (historical) changes in land-use causing the reduction and conversion of riverine ecosystems and habitats into agricultural land (by means of deforestation, drainage, reversion of meadows into arable fields, promotion of large-scale farming with intensive use of agro-chemicals; 8) Urbanisation and industrialisation along the river (development of cities and villages, building of new suburbs, factories and facilities in the floodplain e.g. in Raciborz, Opole and Wroclaw); 9) Location of waste and spoil disposal areas that pollute groundwater and attract opportunistic and invasive species; 10) Fragmentation of the remnants of natural environment by the construction of motorways, railways and electric power lines.
All these factors and processes have significantly modified the natural environment, reducing or even excluding or extirpating some natural habitats and species.
5.3.5. NATURE CONSERVATION 5.3.5.1 Organisation The legislative basis for Nature protection is based on the Nature Conservation Law (2004), which distinguishes different categories of protected areas: National parks, nature reserves, landscape parks, protected landscapes, protected species and "individual site protection". National Parks enjoy the highest protection level and Protected Landscapes the lowest level of protection. In Table 5.9 a comparison between the Polish protection categories with those of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is made. Nature conservation policy issues are dealt with and supervised by MOE, but policy implementation and legal responsibility rests with the decentralised Polish government institutions, which can be a constraint.
The overall responsibility for nature conservation rests with the Principal Conservator of Nature, who is an executive of MOE. His/her competence includes the preparation and implementation of conservation management plans for Natura 2000 sites and of specific protected habitats or species, for which they originally were prepared. The voivod's Conservator of Nature, who represents the decentralized administration, is charged with the implementation conservation management plans for nature reserves, landscape parks and protected landscapes. They are supported in this task by advisory boards for Nature Protection both on national and voivodship level.
Gmina' s are charged with responsibilities for protection and conservation of smaller nature and landscape elements needing special protection. They are also charged with responsibilities for landscaping and removal of landscape elements.
56 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Table 5.9 - Comparison of Polish categories of protected areas with IUCN classification system IUCN Polish Nature Conservation Law (NCL) Remarks Strict Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Not relevant in Upper and Wilderness area (only strict accordingly to old NCL!) and Middle Odra Valley National Parks National Parks (majority) Not relevant in Upper and Middle Odra Valley National Monuments Nature Reserves (minority!) and Landmarks Natural Monuments (very few) Managed Wildlife Sanctuaries Nature Reserves, Natura 2000 and Nature Reserves
Protected Land Landscape Parks Only the most valuable and Seascapes National Parks (rest of them) parts Resource Reserves Landscape Parks Multiple-Use Management Areas of Protected landscape, Area /Managed Resource Nature-Landscape complexes, Area Ecological grounds, Natural Monuments (majority!)
5.3.5.2 The nature conservation law The Nature ConservationLaw identifies the new category of Natura 2000 sites, which is based on the EU Habitat Directive and the EU Bird Directive. The law stipulates that an EIA should be prepared according to the procedure described in the Environmental Law (2001), for all investments that could have an impact on habitats or species. Potential threats for species and/or habitats should be avoided, mitigated or compensated in land, habitat restoration and eventually species reallocation. During recent months there has been a discussion in the Polish Parliament to remove some important competences for implementing the new Nature Conservation Law (2004), which now rest with the voivods towards the Marshal administration.
5.3.5.3 Natura 2000 GOP prepared new environmental legislation following the requirements of the Acquis Communautaire before accession to the EU. This included adopting the requirements of the Birds and Habitats Directives of EU. One of the most important tasks was to prepare a List of potential Natura 2000 sites, which could be included in the EU Natura 2000 network. Criteria to be used for site selection and inclusion are provided in the Habitat and Bird Directives.
GOP submitted a draft list of Natura 2000 sites in May 2004 to Brussels. The list was heavily criticised by Nature Conservation organisations and researchers, who submitted a shadow list in December 2004, based on criteria given in the Habitat and Bird Directive. In May 2005 a revised list of Natura sites' was published, which included most of the areas identified in the shadow list. So far no formal approval has been obtained from EU on the GOP
See web site Ministry of Environment
57 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
0 10 20 km
WROqtA ' 7
4.
R.v ' - ^I - I. \RACIE.6RZ -
SPAC
SAC & SPA PROPOSED
Figure 5.9 - Designated and potential Natura 2000 sites in the project area
Natura 2000 List. In this EA study the areas on the official MOE list from May 2005 have been taken into consideration and indicated as Potential Natura Sites (PNS). A detailed summary of the various protected areas according to the Polish system and the EU directives is given in Annex B. The location of the PNS areas in the Upper and Middle Odra Valley are shown in Figure 5.9.
5.4 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
5.4.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF SILESIA Both the Raciborz reservoir area and the area around Wroclaw are located in a zone that has been densely inhabited since about 4 500 B.C. During more than six millennia many types of settlements have been established in the Odra floodplain. These were often established near to the river on the higher natural levees or on an island in the Odra. In a dynamic natural river landscape without dikes, the river frequently changed its course, forming new levees
58 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
+~~~~~~
j. *. -es wei*Je4 3
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admadrblts an smtern ole core wit a layr of seiens Seteet ca therefor Plira.be foun evrwhrT h . in thge Holcen w Odrt flopanu.. bewe the highe
A &-: K.-r: - ' >' C,b _: -. r i . -~ >~;r
Figure 5.10 -Known archeological sites downstream of Wroclaw (in 1941 ) and meander belts, and smothering older courses with a layer of sediments. Settlements can therefore be found everywhere in the Holocene Odra floodplain, between the higher Pleistocene terraces. These higher grounds were often used as burial grounds.
The settlements include sites from all periods dating from the Stone Age (mainly Neolithic), Bronze Age (which continued for about 1 000 years), Iron Age (mainly from the period of Roman influence) and the early Middle Ages (including the tribal period up to the I0 th century and the early Middle Ages (Piast period) up to around 1250 AD. Figure 5.10 shows the (in 1941) known sites in a small stretch (about 8 km) on the right bank of the Odra, near Wroclaw, between Osobowice and Redzin. Since then many more sites have been identified.
59 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
C, __ >~~~~~~;z,ots 2,57
- z5-__ e H~
, , X, '-S
.. S~--,v!# _'c
/2.57 1 4S
Figure 5.12 - Location of Bronze age sites in the WWS project area
The latest changes in the WFS are connected with the construction of the navigation canal through and around the city. In the years 1792-1794 the Piaskowa and Mieszczanska locks were built. In 1895-1897 the Szczytnicka lock was constructed in the Old Odra, and the Psie Pole weir and two locks in the Miej ski Canal were rebuilt for the purpose of navigation. Ships up to 400 ton could pass on the Old Odra, and on the City Odra vessels up to 175 ton could pass. The big flood in 1903 and the need to improve navigation boosted the construction of the flood relief and the navigation canal.
5.4.6 MONUMENTAL WATER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES ON THE ODRA RIVER IN WROCLAW A number of older water management structures in the WFS have developed into real monuments, and are fine examples of the state of engineering and network management
of the 1 9 th and 2 0 th century. Among these are: Piaskowa sluice: The technical and functional features of this sluice are characteristic for locks built in the 18th and 1 gth century in Europe. At first they were made of wood (1791-1794), but its present form took shape after re-building in 1820 and 1822. The sluice can serve small ships only. Mieszczanska sluice: The lock was built in 1791-1794. First it was made of wood, but in 1874-1879 it was re-converted into a chamber lock with movable heads. It is a very original concept, which increased the flow capacity.
62 Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
City sluice: The construction and mode of operation of this sluice is typical for the end of the I9Oh century. The structure was built in 1892-1897 in order to serve the new waterway, which would avoid the Wroclaw city center where the Piaskowa and Mieszczanska sluices could not cope with the increased shipments on the Odra. The original shape, the way of operating of the chamber door and the building of the sluice master were retained. The structure protects the old city from high groundwater tables. Psie Pole weir: Together with the Miejska lock the structure forms one barrage, which are operated jointly. The construction is of the jack-spire type, which was common in Europe during the 19t century. Weirs of this type were usually replaced by modem constructions. Flood gate: This structure - built in 1892-1897 - protects the industrial and housing areas without embankments on the left bank of the City Channel. The design was prepared by the famous constructor Eifel during the construction of the Panama Channel. The structure consists of a tray/drawer type protruded on carriages from a special chamber in the head. Characteristic is the very original design and the mode of operation, which works by itself. Redzin weir: The Redzin barrage, see Photo 5.4, is composed of two sluices built in 1918 and 1934, and a three-span weir. The barrage is of unique construction, with an original design to allow floating ice to pass.
Photo 5.4 - Redzin weir
On the voivodship list of historical structures there are a number of historical hydraulic and bridge structures, see Table 5.10. Any works related to those structures require previous formal approval of the Heritage Conservator.
63 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Table 5.10 - List of historical hydraulic and bridge structures around Wroclaw Item Location Structure Year of Place Watercourse construction 1. Wroclaw Odra Popowice Harbour 2. Wroclaw Old Odra Rozanka Sluice 1901-16 3. Wroclaw Opatowicki Channel Opatowice Sluice 4. Wroclaw Widawa Krzywoustego Bridge 5. Wroclaw Old Odra Warszawskie Bridges 1916 6. Wroclaw Old Odra Trzebnickie Bridges 7. Wroclaw Old Odra Osobowickie Bridges 1897-98 8. Wroclaw Flood Channel Jagiellonow Bridge 9. Janowice, gm. Czernica Odra Hydropower Plant 1920-21 10. Janowice, gm. Czernica Odra Janowice Barrage 1911-17 11. Gajkow, gm. Czernica Janowicki Channel Road bridge 1913 12. Jeszkowice, gm. Czernica Janowicki Channel Road bridge over I sluice 1913 13. Jeszkowice, gm. Czernica Janowicki Channel Road bridge over 11sluice 1917
5.4.7 LEGAL PROTECTION There are several legal instruments to protect antiquities and archaeological and historic sites and objects: * Law on the protection of antiquities and archaeological objects (July 2003); * Rules and procedures issued by the Ministry of Culture of June 2004, which concern the conservation and restoration of archaeological sites and procedures concerning the notification of implementation of construction works and earth moving activities. These include a procedure for chance-finds; * Act of June 1960 concerning the Administration Actions Code.
5.4.8 ORGANIZATION OF CONSERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE The Law on Protection and conservation of cultural heritage is implemented and enforced at two levels of government. At the national level, there is a General Antiquities Conservator, who resorts under the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. At voivodship level there is an Antiquities Protection office, led by the Voivod Conservator of Antiquities, with the Archaeological Conservator reporting to him. All decisions concerning antiquities in voivodship are made by the Voivod's Conservator.
64 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
CHAPTER 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
6.1 THE IMPACTS
Potential social and environmental impacts of the project were screened by taking into account the effects caused by the projects' location, design, construction and project operation. Those impacts could be on the project areas itself, but also in a much larger area which is defined as the area of influence. This is the entire 240 km of floodplain between Chalupki and Brzeg Dolny, where the effects of the ORFPP will be felt. Downstream of Brzeg Dolny the effects of the project however are negligible as simulation studies show. Moreover a new weir in the Odra is constructed at Malczyce, which is near Brzeg Dolny.
In describing the detailed impacts a differentiation should be made between: I) The combined impacts of the ORFPP (Component A +B+C-rD)on the area of influence; 2) The impacts of the construction of the Raciborz dry polder (Component A) on the reservoir area itself and the area upstream and downstream; 3) The impacts of the dike (re)constructions and modernization of structures of the Wroclaw Floodway System (Component B) on the project area, which covers the floodplain of the Odra River between km 220 and km 269 and of the Widawa River between km 0 and km 22 and along the Odra-Widawa transfer channel (3 km).
6.2 IMPACTS OF THE ORFPP (ALL COMPONENTS COMBINED)
6.2.1 SAFETY OF PEOPLE AND PROPERTY
The most important impact of the project will be the very significant positive effect on the protection level of major population centres, industrial areas and property in the floodplain of the Odra River between Raciborz and Wroclaw. The project will considerably improve the safety of hundreds of thousands of people living in this part of the floodplain, reduce the huge economic and financial risks of large floods like the 1997 event, prevent large-scale damage to cultural heritage and historical monuments, and improve the feeling of safety and well-being of people.
6.2.2 DAM FAILURE
Since the project involves the construction of a dam and a dry polder (to be used as a reservoir for temporary storage of peak flood flows) upstream of a densely populated area, dam safety issues are of concern. Any damage or break of the dam could immediately affect nearby villages, as well as Raciborz city. In the unlikely event of dam failure it has been estimated that a possible flood wave could reach Raciborz (pop. 61 000) within one hour. T he next main population centre of Kedzierzyn-Kozle would be reached after 12 hours, which is however sufficient for emergency warning and evacuation. Thus the population of Raciborz, located a few kilometres downstream, would be especially at risk.
65 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Mitigating measures: * Concerns regarding dam and dike safety are addressed in three stages, including: (i) the design, (ii) construction and (iii) subsequent operations of dam and dikes. Given the importance of dam safety, it has been agreed that that an independent Panel of Experts (POE) will be constituted to oversee the preparation and implementation of the dam safety aspect under the project. (i) At the design stage, the POE will convene and review the design of the structures and make recommendations that would be incorporated in the design before the bidding process for construction could take place. (ii) At the time of construction, the contractor is responsible for implementing the prepared designs, and the project "Engineer" is ensuring that the contractor is complying with the dam safety aspects and other aspects of the designs. At this stage, in addition POE will be involved to provided further assistance to the contractor and the client if needed to ensure proper implementation of the safety criteria of the object. In addition, the contractor is to prepare an emergency response plan which would set out a chain on notification and responsibility in the event of a break and emergency. (iii) At the stage of operation, safe operation and maintenance of the dam and dikes would be the responsibility of implementing agencies, such as RZGWGL and RZGWWL and DZMiUW. Under component C of the project, funds are available to strengthen the capacity of these institutions especially in operation and maintenance of the structures being built. Also, an emergency preparedness plans will be prepared under the component for improving flood management in the Odra valley. In addition, the Polish national body for dam safety monitoring, Dam Monitoring Centre (OTKZ) will be assessing and monitoring annually technical and safety conditions of all dams in the country including those built under the project. Given the above described measures during project design, construction and subsequent operation and maintenance, the Dam Safety issues under the project is safely addressed, so no issue is outstanding to be mitigated.
6.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER (COMPONENT A)
6.3.1 CHANGES IN LAND USE AND RESETTLEMENT The decision to use the Raciborz dry polder as a reservoir for storing peak floods will be conflicting with most existing land uses within the proposed polder area, such as housing, agriculture, public utilities, water supply, industrial and commercial establishments. Most of these uses will have to be phased out, although certain uses can be permitted after reservoir construction, albeit under strict regulations (e.g. agriculture - meadows and pastures only, gravel extraction, establishment of certain types of forests and wetlands, day recreation and military use). RZGWGL is in the process of acquiring the reservoir area and one of the most negative impacts will be the required resettlement of about 240 families (about 700 people) living in the villages Nieboczowy and Ligota Tworkowska. RZGWGL has prepared a detailed Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), dated July 2005 to address the issues related to the relocation of these two villages.
66 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MIT1GATIONS
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-*~~~ * 1
if.
, , .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A p~~~~~~~~~~~
Photo 6.1 - Aerial view of Nieboczowy village, planned for resettlement (photo P. Nieznanski, WWF Poland)
Photo 6.2 - Arable field dominating in the area of Raciborz reservoir
67 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Mitigatine measures: * Socio-economic studies have been carried out and a detailed Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is prepared, which includes compensation measures and follow-up. Land acquisition is underway and preparations are made to resettle families in a suitable location nearby. For more details concerning the major socio-economic impacts, reference is made to the RAP report (July 2005).
6.3.2 RELOCATION OF PUBLIC UTILITIES Another major impact will be the removal or relocation of some public utilities such as electric power lines, transformers, telephone lines, drinking water wells, oil tanks, sewerage systems and waste dumps etc. located within the proposed reservoir area. These will have to be either dismantled or relocated for safety reasons and not to contaminate soil, surface water and groundwater resources in the area during operation of the reservoir. Electric power lines for gravel extraction will have to be secured, so that they can withstand floods in the reservoir. Existing waste dumps, containers, petrol stations and depots of chemicals, oil and gas tanks, stores of fertilizer and other toxic substances could be major sources of pollution of soil, surface water and groundwater. All these potential sources of contamination will be removed and disposed off in a safe way.
The drinking water wells and related infrastructure in Tajchow, which is currently supplying drinking water to several neighbouring villages (4 000 inhabitants) in the Gmina Lubomia will be closed and RZGWGL and local authorities are jointly working on alternative solutions. It is recommended to explore the option to connect the affected villages to the main water supply system of the agglomeration of Wodzislaw, as other local water supply systems tapping the floodplain aquifer might be contaminated by coal waste tailings from the Bukow dump.
Mitigating measures: * Remove all existing waste dumps, containers and depots of chemicals, oil tanks, fertilizer and other toxic substances; action by RZGWGL, in cooperation with owners; * Ban the construction or use of any new depots of chemicals, oil and oil products and fertilizer in area; * Enforce restrictions on mining companies allowing them to store only limited quantities of oil products and chemicals used in mining operations at safe levels, which is about 1.0 m above max. storage level (196.5 m asl); * Waste should be disposed off at sites allocated for this purpose outside the reservoir area; * Work out an alternative safe drinking water supply (wells and associated infrastructure) in cooperation with the affected Gmina of Lubomia.
6.3.3 RISK OF DAMAGE TO CULTURAL PROPERTIES The construction of the reservoir will involve construction of many kilometers 3 of embankments and main dike. The amount of earthwork is estimated at 13.5 Mm . The identification of borrow areas for soils to be used for construction of embankments or any other earthwork will be based - amongst others - on a detailed inventory of known archaeological sites. The inventory is recently completed by RZGWGL (May 2005) and will be used by the engineering consultants to verify that no damage will occur
68 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MIT7GATIONS
to any archaeological site or monument in the area. Proper procedures for dealing with "chance finds" will be incorporated in the contract documents. Given this facts it is expected that risk of damage to cultural heritage is minimized and safely addressed, so no issue is outstanding to be mitigated.
Mitiration measures:
* An archaeological inventory of known sites including location and detailed description of the existing sites has been undertaken (May 2005); * Earth moving plans will be prepared using the results of this inventory avoiding potential damage to these sites; * "Chance find" procedures, will be incorporated in contract documents.
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER (COMPONENT A)
6.4.1 RISK OF DAMAGE TO NATURAL HABITATS DURING CONSTRUCTION There is a considerable risk that during reservoir construction valuable natural habitats will be destroyed by earth-moving equipment and other construction activities or used as borrow areas. The most vulnerable natural habitats in the reservoir are the following:
; .,.
Photo 6.3 - Oxbow lake Sudol
69 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Tworkowski forest This is a protected PNS both under the Habitat and the Bird Directive. The forest and its undergrowth vegetation and associated wet meadows can easily be damaged by earth-moving activities, construction equipment and vehicles. It cannot be regenerated once disturbed. Therefore vehicles and other equipment will be banned from the area and a buffer zone (width 100-200 m) around the Forest will be respected.
Sudol oxbow complex and associated wetlands A large relatively undisturbed oxbow complexes with associated wet meadows of about 150 ha near the city of Raciborz. The site has no special protection status, but has an important function in the Upper Odra ecological corridor and is one of the last large natural oxbow lakes with gallery forest and wet meadows. A small area of the complex (about 1-2 ha) at the Western side will be lost due to the construction of the embankment. The remaining area will be protected and no vehicles and equipment will be allowed in the complex during construction.
Fringes of Wielikat ponds A few ha of characteristic trees and thickets along the road Lubomia-Bukow bordering the embankment of the Wielikat ponds, together with the Tworkowski Forest a PNS, will have to be removed due to construction of the polder embankment. Since these trees and bushes perform an important function as bio-corridor between Tworkowski forest and Wielikat ponds and they are situated within the PNS, some compensatory measures will be taken to replace these trees and bushes by planting a comparable area with new ones.
Meadows East of Nieboczowy A number of wet meadows East of Nieboczowy, situated in a typical mesotrophic seepage zone below the steep hill on the eastern side of the valley runs the risk to be damaged during embankment construction nearby. A number of protected plant species can be found there (shown in the WWF Auen Atlas). The area to be protected will be indicated in the field in order not to damage these unique ecosystems by construction activities.
Brzezie Ponds and meadows The Brzezie ponds are located a short distance (about 0.5-1 km) North of the planned main dam. Although not situated inside the reservoir, the ponds and valuable fringes are close to the dam site and might easily be damaged. The area will be clearly marked in the field as a no-go area. There is also a risk that the water supply feeding the pond with a very sensitive eco-system would be interrupted or altered. Measures will be taken to avoid drying up of the water supply through constructing an alternative supply channel outside the polder embankment. Contamination of this new channel with sewage water from nearby residential areas will be avoided.
Natural drainage channels and tributaries of Odra Closure of natural drainage channels and Odra tributaries (Psina, Plinc and other small streams) to the Odra and removal of thickets, hedges, forest elements, humid meadows and haylands during construction will destroy or damage a number of valuable habitats. This will also increase isolation and fragmentation of remaining natural habitat complexes. On the left bank of the Odra there is currently a more or less continuous North-South ecological corridor connecting the Tworkowski forest through gallery forest along the Odra bank towards the Psina outlet and continuing along the Odra left bank to the Sudol oxbow and wet meadows complex. This main structure will be protected and enhanced as an important bio-corridor.
70 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANTIMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
~ A'"
Photo 6.4 - Brzezie ponds in the vicinity of the projected Raciborz reservoir.
-M,, mL
Photo 6.5 - Fruits of the strictly protected water chestnut Trapa natans found in the Brzezie pond is an indicator for 1-2 m deep, relatively wa6r , slightly eutrophic old oxbow lakes / ponds.
71 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Mitisatinu measures: * Create buffer zones sufficiently wide to protect the natural habitats described. The areas will be clearly marked prior to the start of the construction; * Re-planting of lost tree lines and bushes around the Wielikat ponds; * Take measures to avoid drying up of the water supply of Brzezie ponds through constructing an alternative supply channel outside the polder embankment. Maintain existing water quality.
6.4.2 IMPACT OF LOWER FLOOD LEVELS ON NATURAL HABITATS DOWNSTREAM OF RACIBORZ Impacts downstream on natural habitats will mainly depend of maximum river levels during flood events and these will largely be determined by the operational rules of the reservoir. Therefore, to minimize impacts on natural habitats located downstream, it is beneficial not to manage recurrent flood waves, with no risk for the flood defence system, so that they could pass the Raciborz structure uncontrolled. The capacity of the Raciborz outlet structure is designed that a flood with a return period of 10 year could pass undisturbed. RZGWGL intends not to regulate flows less than 10 year return period flows. Thus the following discussions on potential impacts on downstream natural habitats are based on the assumption that only peak flows in excess of 10 year return period flood levels, would be temporarily stored in the polder.
Simulations on inundation carried out by design engineering consultants indicate that in the floodplain downstream of Raciborz there would be an overall reduction in flood levels (with an average of 0.50 - 1.00 m) during large floods with a return period of more than 10 year. Although less frequent, these floods are important for the survival of a number of habitats, some of them belonging to the most precious and threatened ecosystems in Poland. The main impact on floodplain habitats will be a drying out effect, caused by less frequent flooding and lower groundwater tables. Ecosystems specialized to survive and flourish under influence of occasional floods such as softwood forests and elder-ash complexes would be affected and might eventually be replaced by less valuable dry meadows and forms of hardwood forests not requiring flooding. Table 6.1 gives a list of potential Natura 2000 sites, which might be affected. However, in order to determine the extent' and nature2 of these impacts more data are needed, which are not available at the present time. It should be realized that modelling cannot predict these events and potential impacts, which only can be assessed by detailed inventories and mapping of the affected areas. Also, since these impacts could only develop over a long period of time an adequate hydrobiological monitoring system would be more useful not only to monitor the impacts, but also to adjust the reservoir operating rules and to provide feedback to the Ministry of Environment.
The downstream effects on specific habitat situated in the active floodplain have been identified by comparing inundations maps with the data available in the ecological database, the Odra Auen Atlas (OAA) and PNS data. The predicted impacts are qualitatively indicated in Table 6.1.
IFor assessment of impacts detailed relief maps (not available) and expected flood levels should be compared. Odra is available (Odra 2 Detailed biological inventories are lacking, only a general inventory of natural habitats along the Auen Atlas,WWF, 2001)
72 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
Table 6.1 - Potential Natura 2000 sites downstream of Raciborz affected by changes in flood regime Name PNS Size Potential Natura 2000 Remarks in ha sites SAC' SPA 2 1 Opolska Dolina Odry 3 740 X Impacts expected in some parts 2 Grady Odrzanskie 20 461 X Minor impacts expected in some parts 3 3 Grady w Dolinie Odry 8 027 X Minor impacts expected in some parts 4 Dolina Widawy 909 X Minor impacts expected 5 Legi Odrzanskie 18 108 X X No impacts expected Source: GOP, Ministry of Environment, published on web site, May 2005
Mitizatin, measures: * The least negative impacts would be achieved when normal (average) floods and floods with a probability up to once in 10 year would not be managed from the reservoir and could pass the Raciborz outlet gates uncontrolled. Limiting the retention of flood waves to large floods only (e.g. floods with a lower probability then once in 10 year) would be possible provided this presents no additional risk for the flood defence system.
6.4.3 RISK OF DAMAGE TO TWORKOWSKI FOREST DURING RESERVOIR OPERATION
The Tworkowski Forest (170 ha) situated in the proposed dry polder, is one of the last remaining larger complexes of riverine natural forests along the Upper Odra River. The area is proposed by GOP together with the Wielikat Ponds as a Special Protection Area, according to the Bird Directive: Wielikat Ponds & Tworkowski Forest and a Special Area of Conservation: Tworkowski Forest, according to the Habitat Directive.
The impact of floods on a complicated ecological system like the Tworkowski Forest and its associated flora and fauna depends on many factors and is difficult to predict. The Tworkowski Forest consists of three layers: (i) tree stands (mainly 10-25 m), (ii) shrubs with under storey (2-5 m) and (iii) ground herbaceous vegetation with tree saplings (0-1 m). Usually the shrub and ground vegetation is most affected by the floods and could die within days, depending of the season. Most trees can reasonably survive a flood depth of 4-5 m deep and even benefit from deposition of silt and sediment during extreme floods, but there are quite big differences in susceptibility among different tree species. Very important is the duration of floods. Floods for more than 10 days however, will substantially damage or even completely destroy the shrubs and ground vegetation. Mature tree stands of elm or oak could survive 2-3 weeks of inundation, whereas willow and poplar usually survive even up to 2-3 months of flood. An important factor is also the season when the floods occur. Summer flood is rather not favourable for long inundations through high rate of metabolic processes and high demand of root system for oxygen during summer. Low velocity of the water flow or even its stagnation inside the reservoir during flood storage could lead to considerable damage.
SAC: Special Area of Conservation according to Habitat Directive SPA: Special Protection Area according to Bird Directive 3> 90% overlap with Grady Odrzanskie
73 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
A few principles applied during the preparation of operational rules for the reservoir could reduce ecological impacts considerably: 1) Small floods (annual and recurrent floods up to 10 year) should pass the structure uncontrolled; 2) During operation: duration of storage should be as short as possible; 3) During operation: release of stored flood water should start as soon as possible (after peak flow); 4) Stagnation in the reservoir should be avoided. 3 The design capacity of the Raciborz outlet structure is such that a flow of 1 000 m /s could pass uncontrolled. This is equal to a flood with a return period of once in 10 year. Thus when these floods would not be managed, there would be no impact on the Tworkowski Forest. In order to assess potential impacts during operation of the reservoir the engineering design consultants have carried out inundation simulations (peak flood flow storage periods and corresponding water levels) for different flood return periods (respectively once in 10, 50 3 and 100 years) and different discharge rates (ranging from 3 00-1 200 m /s). The simulations are prepared on the assumption that floods stored in the reservoir are stored as short as possible and that floods are released as soon as possible. The results of these simulations are given in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 - Period of inundation and max. reservoir levels with various flood return periods and maximum release Flood Return period Max. release Max. reservoir level Period during which 3 m /s m asl reservoir is in use days Once in 10 year 300 194.2 24 500 191.8 7 800 187.2 2 Once in 50 year 600 194.8 10 800 192.7 8 1 000 190.3 7 Once in 100 year 800 194.4 8 1 000 192.3 7 1 200 187.4 6
Partial closure of the gates to reduce the outflow to 800 m3/s will store water in the reservoir 3 during 2 days. For a higher flow of 50 and 100 years and a release of 800 m /s this will be 8 days. For floods up to 10 year return period there would no impact on the Tworkowski forest (average terrain level between 189-190 m asl). For larger floods, when the reservoir is in operation the impacts, in terms of level and period of inundation period, vary not very significant up to 100 year return period flood flow. For example, a 50 year flood 3 with an outflow of 800 m3/s (which is 20% less than the design outflow of 1 000 m /s) would inundate the forest for a maximum period of 8 days up to a depth of 3 m and a 100 year flood for 8 days up to 5 m. For exceptional floods events - like the 1997 - flood the forest could be inundated up to 6.0 m.
74 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
Photo 6.6 - Aerial view of Tworkowski Forest (photo P. Nieznanski, WWF Poland)
Photo 6.7 - Odra river and Tworkowski Forest near Ligota Tworkowska
75 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Since detailed data on the composition of the forest and its flora and fauna as well as detailed information on soils, hydrology and relief are lacking, a baseline survey of hydrobiological conditions of the forest will be carried out. A monitoring network will be installed to follow and evaluate possible changes in hydrology and ecology of the forest. On basis of the findings the operational rules of the reservoir will have to be reviewed from time to time to balance the requirements for maximum safety and reduction of ecological impacts. Therefore it is proposed to engage the services of an ecologist, with a good background in floodplain ecology, as part of the team responsible for developing and implementing Component Cl (Flood management plans, including reservoir management).
Miti2atinz measures: * Operational rules for the reservoir should only be prepared after taking into consideration the recommendations from the ecological and hydrological studies on the effects of reservoir operations on the areas downstream and inside the reservoir; * Permanent monitoring of groundwater observation wells, within the reservoir area and the Tworkowski Forest should be carried out to determine fluctuations in ground water levels and groundwater behaviour in dry periods and during floods; * Permanent observation plots for inventory and monitoring of habitats and bio-indicators should be established in relation with the groundwater observation network; * The species composition of tree stands, vitality and degree of maturity of forest are important factors for the survival of the forest under such extreme conditions. Since not much experience exists of the behaviour of such alluvial forests, a detailed ecological inventory of the tree stand should be made together with an assessment of tree vitality and fluctuations in groundwater levels; * There might be a possibility, which should be explored to train the forest to withstand artificial floods through partially filling the reservoir for short periods, during periods of low risk; * Engage the services of an ecologist, with a good background in floodplain ecology, as part of the team responsible for developing and implementing Component C1 (Flood management plans, including reservoir management).
6.4.4 RISK OF DAMAGE OF RIVER CONTINUUM AND ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR Construction of the dry polder embankments and outlet structure might result in significant site-specific impacts and blocking of the river continuum. Similarly this might occur due to closure of the smaller Odra tributaries and natural drainage channels flowing through the polder. Removal of associated thickets, hedges, forest elements, humid meadows and haylands might further reduce the area of wildlife habitats and block ecological corridors within the area connecting outside natural forest elements and lakes on both sides of the valley. Interruption of the river continuum will be partly be mitigated by adequate reservoir management (as discussed above) but the outlet structure and associated works and embankments will form major obstacles for migration of flora and fauna. This will lead to fragmentation of the important North-South international bio-corridor along the Odra River and reduce migration. A mitigation measure will be to preserve and enhance natural complexes on the left bank of the reservoir and to ban gravel exploitation West of the river, which only leads to further destruction of landscape and natural environment.
76 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
Mitigatin' measures:
* Designate buffer zones along riverbed, Tworkowski Forest, Sudol oxbow and old Psina outlet as a protected zone; * Establish a bio-corridor that connects the Tworkowski complex with natural elements along the Odra, the former Psina outlet and the Sudol complex, see Figure 2. 1; * Integrate refuge hills (see Section 6.4.5) to maintain functional connectivity across the Odra valley (E-W bio-corridor).
6.4.5 HIGH RISK OF DROWNING OF ANIMALS
During floods it is expected that a number of animals may drown in the reservoir, since the water level in the reservoir may rise rapidly. It is expected that most larger mammals, such as deer and boar hiding in the forest areas, will safely reach higher grounds beyond the left and right embankments of the reservoir. However, for small mammals and reptiles this could be difficult, in view of the speed of the rise in water level, which could be between 0.20-0.30 m/h. In such circumstances a high percentage of small animals may perish. Therefore, it is proposed to use the soil deposits left during the gravel mining operations to create refugee hills for animals and (lateral) bio-corridors. Mitimatinif measures: * Within the reservoir area there are many soil depots resulting from mining operations. During these operations the topsoil up to a depth of 3 to 4m depth is removed and placed into special depots in order to reach the gravel layers below. These clay depots could be used to make a number of artificial refuge hills or ridges where small animals might escape. The top part of these hills should be at least at an elevation of 196 m asl and have a minimum size of 0.3-0.5 ha. Preferably these hills should be covered with natural vegetation and shrubs established mostly as result of natural succession processes. Their surface should be thoroughly shaped by machines, avoiding creation of new illegal waste dump places from gravel companies or others. The refuge hills could strengthen proposed local E-W bio-corridors. Integration of these hills with bio-corridors therefore is recommended (see above Section 6.4.4).
6.5 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS (COMPONENT B)
6.5.1 REMOVAL OF HOMESTEAD GARDENS AND TREES
About 2 000 homestead gardens covering about 77 ha will have to be removed, including sheds, trees and other property. The compensation procedures, including possible reallocation of these gardens and associated infrastructure are worked out in detail in a separate document: Resettlement Policy Framework for Widawa Transfer Channel and Popowice-Kozanow. Mitizatinmt measures: * The reallocation and compensation of these gardens will be properly planned and implemented under separate resettlement plan.
77 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
6.5.2 RISK OF DAMAGING ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS Archaeological sites and objects might be accidentally damaged during WFS project works. Here, a distinction should be made between (i) known sites, which are the legally protected sites and (ii) unknown archaeological sites and objects, which might be discovered during earthworks. A detailed inventory of known archaeological sites will be prepared as part of sub-project specific EIA preparation, which will be used by the engineering consultant to prepare a plan for siting borrow pits and implementation of earth works. For the category of unknown archaeological sites proper procedures for dealing with "chance-find" will be incorporated in the contract documents. This includes a notification of the Conservator of Antiquities before the start of the works and a procedure to be applied after an unexpected find during construction activities (usually earthworks and dredging). Compliance with and enforcement of this procedure according to archaeologists is usually sufficient to provide adequate protection to cultural heritage.
Mitizatinm measures: * The archaeological inventory of known sites which is recently prepared should be used together with other information to determine the final alignment of embankments, the location of borrow areas and the areas where other earth works (including dredging) will be carried out; * The Conservator of Antiquities should be notified before the start of the works.
6.5.3 RISK OF DAMAGING HISTORIC WATER STRUCTURES AND RETAINING WALLS Especially within the city of Wroclaw a large part of the old flood protection system, including many embankments and a number of bridges and sluices, are objects of historical, cultural and touristic value. Special attention will be given to supervision during (re)construction works design and construction to ensure prevention of irreparable damage of these objects. Designs of retention walls along boulevards of Wroclaw to be reconstructed will be in compliance with designs and criteria prepared by the Office of the Conservator of Monuments of Wroclaw.
MitiQatine measures: * All detailed reconstruction plans and designs should be thoroughly discussed with technical specialists of the city of Wroclaw and the Conservator of Antiquities. During construction there is permanent supervision and inspection needed by qualified restoration experts.
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS
6.6.1 LOCAL EIAS REQUIRED FOR DETAILED PLANNING Compared to the Raciborz reservoir fewer negative impacts are to be expected from the modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System (WFS). This is mainly due to the nature of this component, i.e. the reconstruction and improvement of an existing flood protection system. However, the identified impacts are spread over a large area and cannot be described in detail because detailed designs and specific locations of the alignment, and details on earth-moving and dredging work, are not yet available.
78 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
For this reason it is important that, in due time, at local level, detailed EIAs should be carried out to determine potential impacts. According to Polish law, local EIAs are compulsory for all project works, with the exception of the reconstruction of existing embankments, when located outside PNS or other protected areas. Public participation is essential to enhance the "transparency" of the envisaged works and to improve public acceptance. It would result in improved quality of the plans.
6.6.2 RISK OF DAMAGE TO NATURA 2000 SITES DURING CONSTRUCTION
Some of the embankment to be (re) constructed are situated within the PNS "Grady Odrzanskie", the PNS "Grady w dolinie Odry" and the PNS "Dolina Widawy" or just bordering these nature reserves. At several places the chosen alignment requires felling of parts of forest, tree lanes and bushes. Also vulnerable vegetation and topsoil in wetlands and humid meadows could be damaged by earth moving and levelling operations and this should be prevented. At a number of places the embankment is widened at the expense of the alluvial forest, meadows and wetlands in order to avoid damage on farm land. It should be stressed that in these conservation areas the priorities should be with conserving natural and landscape elements and not in the first place with agricultural interests. Negative effects on agriculture should be avoided where possible, but not at the expense of nature.
The existing embankments at the Widawa confluence near the oxbow complex south of Swiniary and in Widawa Valley will be opened up (works 19, 27 and 46 respectively). Excavation and removal of soil for reuse at other locations could cause substantial damage to forests, meadows and ecosystems, and this should be avoided. Mitizating measures: * Specify detailed mitigation measures during preparation of local EIAs during procedure to obtain construction permits.
Considerations to be included in the detailed design studies: Borrow areas: * In the selection of borrow areas not only consideration should be given on type of material and distance: potential damage to landscape, natural habitats and cultural historic aspects should be avoided; * Location of borrow areas near known archaeological sites should be avoided; * Location of borrow areas in nature valuable areas indicated in the baseline survey JacobsGibb, 2003, Annex V part 7 should be avoided, especially in PNS or other protected sites;
* Location of borrow areas near former dike breach scours (lochs) should be avoided, since these places form important cultural historic and landscape elements, see also Section 5.1.2.3. There are at least 15 of such lochs over a distance of 8 km between Siedlce and Kotowice, they have not been mapped as yet. For all planned reconstruction works a detailed landscape and ecological inventory is recommended to identify these and other valuable elements; * Borrow areas in unprotected areas outside the dikes should be avoided unless situated on farmland;
79 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* Other nature valuable areas like wetlands, wet meadows and river dune areas should be avoided.
Levelling and earthmoving: * Levelling of land and all earth moving outside the dike and natural areas inside the embankment should be prohibited, with the exception of a working strip along the embankment; * All access roads to the work should be located on the landside of the dike.
Removal of vegetation and bushes: * Trees, vegetation and bushes should only be removed if conflicting with the flood protection function of the embankment; * Monumental lanes and/or protected trees on existing embankments solution should be considered case by case and where feasible and desired alternative solutions should be worked out (selection of an alternative alignment or design).
Removal of old embankments: * In order to enlarge the retention capacity of the floodplain existing embankments will be opened up at several places to provide access to floodwater. Removal of soil material from these dikes in forests and other nature habitats should be avoided, in order to minimize disturbance and destruction of forests and natural habitats. In agricultural areas, old embankments might be removed, unless they are protected for landscape or cultural historic reasons.
6.6.3 DAMAGE DUE TO DREDGING OPERATIONS The alluvial forests and wet meadows along the Odra floodplain and close to the river channel might be affected by the dredging works to deepen and widen the river bed. The construction of access roads and the deposition of excavated soil and sediments in forest areas can also be detrimental for some of these vulnerable habitats, and this is to be avoided. While deepening and enlarging of the Widawa River bed will result in an increase of its conveyance capacity, it would also cause less frequent inundations of the river valley. Other potential impacts could include improved drainage, felling of small parts of forest (a strip of 100-200 m wide and 0.5 km long, upstream of Redzin barrage) close to the channel, lowering of groundwater tables, drying of some wet meadows, temporary withdrawal of most fish species from the affected stretch of the river and disposal of dredged material. In the absence of detailed baseline data and design information, it is not feasible to predict these impacts and develop appropriate mitigation plans. However, these impacts will be studied in detail as part of the proposed local EIA required for obtaining site and construction permits.
Mitigation measures: * Natural or semi-natural forests and wet meadows should as much as possible be spared and remain untouched. Operations on the embankments should be avoided as much as possible in order to decrease the negative impacts of earth moving and excavation equipment, loaders and lorries on natural ecosystems and landscape, which is usually lasting. Felling of any dense tree complex is out of the question; * Dredging operations should be done with suitable dredging equipment on the river and the extracted silt would be loaded on barges to transport the material to a safe depot
80 Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANTIMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
-~~'<
p~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .
Photo 6.8 - Trees which grow on the dike endanger the safety of embank- ment. On the other side, many of them are of high natural and landscape value.
Photo 6.9 - Reconstruction of this embankment between Siedice and Kotowice might destroy some valuable habitats: wet meadows and hardwood nivenine forests.
81 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
outside these areas. Long periods of high turbidity of the water which is very harmful for the aquatic fauna should be avoided; * Dredging should not be done during winter time; * The work methodology for dredging should be properly described in the design specifications and tender documents. This is also important in view of the fact that the works will be implemented in a popular recreational area not far from Wroclaw and any negative publicity or mistakes might damage the image of RZGWWL. It should be both the responsibility of the Contractor and RZGWWL to ensure that these activities do not cause environmental damage and minimize any nuisance.
Compensation: * In order to compensate for the degradation of wet lands and forests along the Widawa River and its confluence with the Odra it has been suggested to establish a renaturization and nature education project in the Widawa Valley. Objective of such a project could be to get practical experience in redeveloping natural habitats characterised by a large biodiversity and situated in a protected area (e.g. PNS Dolina Widawy). Proposals along the same line have also been forwarded by the NGO "Pro Natura" to create a number of islands in the Odra River near the Widawa River outlet (see Annex D4). This combined with the establishment of a nature education centre managed by one or more NGO's specialized in nature conservation could attract school children, local residents and tourists from neighbouring Wroclaw could help to make such a centre sustainable. These suggestions could be worked out during the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), see Chapter 8.
6.6.4 IMPACTS ON SMALL LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS. The (re)construction of embankments involving widening and heightening of dike profiles might affect small landscape elements with natural value (small oxbows, river dunes, monumental trees and characteristic lawns, small bushes, hedges and thickets) or with cultural historic value (old dike breach scours, historic embankments, etc.). An inventory of monumental trees inside the city of Wroclaw has been made, but landscape elements have not been systematically surveyed. In order to prevent damage to these elements a review would be made during preparation of local EIAs and existing procedures to protect monumental trees and measures to protect landscape elements would be followed. If protection is not possible some compensatory landscaping would be developed (e.g. by planting trees) by involving a landscape architect in designing such measures.
82 Chapter 7 OTHER RELE VANT NON-PROJECTRELATED ISSUES
CHAPTER 7 OTHER RELEVANT NON-PROJECT RELATED ISSUES
7.1 COORDINATION OF PLANS REQUIRED
A potential risk is that insufficient coordination between the various agencies involved in spatial planning and planning of flood protection works would reduce the overall benefits of the project. An example is the plan for the construction of new embankments in the section between Turze and Opole in the Odra valley prepared by the Amelioration Department in Opole (OZMiUW). This plan includes the construction of new embankments near the Odra, narrowing the active floodplain to a maximum width of 600 m, and dredging and widening of some sections of the Odra riverbed, mostly upstream of Kedzierzyn-Kozle. The plan and its impact on flood levels have not been taken into consideration during the feasibility studies for the current project. Implementation of the plan would considerably affect the predicted inundations in the Odra stretch between km 65 and km 145 and create new hydraulic bottlenecks. This type of conflicts should be avoided by improving the coordination between the various authorities.
For that purpose, as described in Chapter 6, Component C l aims to support development of improved flood management plans and coordination with local authorities and stakeholders to ensure consistency between local and regional flood management plans covering a balanced approach to structural and non-structural measures.
7.2 FLOOD CONTROL AND PHYSICAL PLANNING
At various locations there have been recent spatial developments, which are conflicting with the potential designation of the Widawa floodplain as flood relief channel. DZMiUW complains that it is handicapped in carrying out necessary works because of legal constraints. Formal designation of Widawa valley as an area with flood risk as defined by Article 82 of the Water Act has not taken place and this should be done. This is essential before any flood protection plan can be implemented.
Currently a number of gminas along the Widawa valley (mainly Wroclaw and Wisznia Mala, but also Dlugoleka and Oborniki Slaskie) are developing residential and service areas at locations which are conflicting with the flood relief function. Embankments at the village of Psary are found to be projected through a new residential area with villas at both side of the dike (see Photo 7.2). At another place a residential area has been developed near to the river bed. At other places illegal industrial buildings, houses and a waste dump were found next to the river bed. Insufficient coordination between project investors and local administration could lead to cost increases and increased flood hazards to communities. This should be avoided. One of the related problems is that RZGWWL is responsible for flood control but has no mandate in the Widawa valley, where water management falls under the Amelioration Authority (DZMiUW).
Good coordination between the project investors and local administration could avoid increases in cost of flood protection works and decrease further flood hazards to communities. This should be done by giving a higher priority and a legal basis to flood control in spatial planning. This activity would be supported under component C3 of the project.
83 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
7.3 IMPROVE INTEGRATION OF PLANNING OF INFRASTRUCTURAL WORKS.
7.3.1 INTEGRATION OF ROAD DESIGNS IN AREA UPSTREAMS OF WROCLAW At several places it was observed that designs for infrastructural works such as road construction are insufficiently integrated with the plans for improved flood control. The design of a Powiat road (Wroclaw) near to Blizanowice so far is insufficiently integrated with the design for reconstruction of the embankments in the Polder Blizanowice-Trestno. In the present design the Odra dike and the new road aligment (in fill) are projected parallel to each other at short distance (100-150m) leaving a narrow arable strip of land between these two dikes, which is for technical, economic and landscape reasons not a very attractive solution.
7.3.2 INTEGRATION OF DESIGN OF NEW ROADS IN WROCLAW AREA Comparable problems could be found in the area of the city of Wroclaw. Here the design of the northern ring road of Wroclaw and the project Obwodnica Autostradowa (highway), crossing both the Odra and Widawa valley (left bank km 16.0-17.0) should be properly integrated and coordinated with the present flood control designs. It is unclear to what extent the implementation of these projects will interfere or conflict with the functioning of flood protection and flood relief works.
7.3.3 HYDRAULIC BOTTLE-NECKS IN THE ACTIVE FLOODPLAIN Within the active floodplain of Odra and Widawa river a number of hydraulic bottle-necks can be identified. The question is raised whether these narrow cross-sections and bottle necks have sufficiently been taken into consideration in the evaluation of the results in the various simulation and terrain models. The bottle necks identified are the following: * Odra km 226.4 - width active floodplain only 1.0 km; * Railway bridge and embankments crossing Odra valley between Kotowice and Czernica (Odra km 230.7); * Odra between km 240.0 and km 242.0 width active floodplain only 0.5 km; * Powiat road (projected) over Odra near km 241; * Reduction of retention area on the left bank of Odra valley through embankments reconstruction of vast area of arable land around villages Trestno and Blizanowice (part of No 3) and Opatowice (circular ring No 4); * Railway bridge and embankments crossing Odra valley between Kotowice and Czernica (Odra km 230.7) Odra between km 264 and km 267 (outflow of Widawa River); * Narrowing of the Widawa valley by the projected embankments of the stretches km 4.0-km 5.0, km 11.0-km 12.0 and km 18.0-km 21.5; * Road bridges in Widawa valley (km 4, km 10, km 17) and projected motorway in ca. km 13.
If required the selected alignments for dikes at above-listed points should be reviewed, in order to increase the floodplain area. Laying backwards of alignment Odra dikes would seem possible at some points near Siedlce and possibly in Trestno by excluding the few
84 Chapter 7 OTHER RELEVANT NON-PROJECT RELA TED ISSUES
b~~i7t a _
Photo 7 1 - Bridge over the old Widawa on the Poznan road with illegal urban and industrial encroachments blocking the safe passage of flood water.
.,i* A t,
Photo 7.2 - Widawa river near Psary - new villa situated on active floodplain unprotected outside the projected WWS embankments.
85 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment derelict industrial buildings at that site. Furthermore could the retention capacity be increased of the Polder Blizanowice-Trestno by protecting only the settlements and not the agricultural areas at Trestno and Opatowice.
Also along the Widawa Valley it is physically possible to position the embankments further backwards from the river (for instance on the right bank upstream of Zgorzelisko/Gorlice, at Krzyzanowice, near Widawa). This would enlarge the active floodplain of the Widawa river and partly remove other bottlenecks.
7.3.4 EXPERTISE IN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RZGWWL, RZGWGL and DZMiUW are staffed with qualified and highly experienced engineers in the field of engineering, water management, O&M, flood control and hydrology. However, there is very little expertise in the field of river and floodplain ecology, environmental legislation, (ground) water quality management, hydrobiology, fisheries and environmental management in these organisations. This could negatively affect the selected engineering solutions and the implementation of the project.
Charged with the planning, implementation and operation of a project of national importance and taking into consideration the need for future compliance with the Water Framework Directive (COM 2000/60/EC) and environmental legislation it is strongly recommended to reinforce the RZGWs and the Amelioration Department in these fields and to enhance the capabilities and expertise of the exisiting staff (i) through training, (ii) strengthening of expertise in river and floodplain ecology and (iii) in hydrobiology, fisheries and water quality management and (iv) environmental management, legislation and environmental impact assessment. Under the project (component D), expertise of concerned agencies would be strengthened in the fields mentioned above.
7.3.5 POLLUTION FROM COAL WASTE DUMP Continued gravel mining in the Raciborz reservoir area could lead to the increased inflow of polluted groundwater and surface water originating from a neighbouring coal waste dump South of Bukow, 1.5-2.0 km from the Tworkowski forest. Tailings of this waste dump have already spread over part of the surface waters in the reservoir area, and this process will only accelerate by continued gravel excavation. This could cause further deterioration of the quality of surface and groundwater in the entire reservoir. RZGWGL should request environmental authorities to monitor the situation and take appropriate action before levels become toxic for people and animals (fish).
7.3.6 BARRIERS FOR MIGRATING FISH In the present situation the weir at the Wroclaw I Power Plant forms a major barrier for migrating fish. The present structure has no fish passage, and also the new design for reconstruction of the weir does not provide for a fish ladder or comparable structure, since only reconstruction works are foreseen. Since most migrating fish prefer to use the South City Odra River because of higher flow velocities in this branch, it would be strongly advisable to provide a fish passage at this location. Also, the modernization plan for the Redzin Barrage does not include a proposal for improvement of the existing, but non-functioning fish ladder. Provision of such fish passes at these sites would certainly be required in the years to come (within the EU Water Framework) and it is therefore advisable to include these improvements (modernizations) at the present time.
86 Chapter 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE EMP
This section presents an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that outlines a programme of activities to minimize or attenuate potential environmental impacts.
The main objective of the EMP is to: 1) Ensure that negative impacts identified in this EA are effectively eliminated, controlled, mitigated or compensated; 2) Provide guidance to the implementing organisations RZGWWL, RZGWGL, DZMiUW, and their Consultants and Contractors working on the Project, on appropriate measures to be implemented to ensure that impacts are effectively eliminated, controlled, mitigated or compensated; 3) Build capacity within the implementing organisations in environmental management; 4) Provide training in environmental management to staff involved in construction and in the operation of the project.
The measures to be implemented in the EMP can be grouped into three categories: 1) Measures which can be included in design and construction bid (contract) documents; 2) Stand alone mitigation measures; 3) Proactive compensatory measures to preserve and enhance the ecological corridor.
8.2 MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE INCLUDED IN DESIGN AND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
8.2.1 GENERAL
Most potentially negative impacts of the project identified in this Environmental Assessment can be prevented or minimized by including appropriate measures in the detailed design, design specifications and tender documents. During construction, the civil works contractors should strictly abide by the Government of Poland's environmental regulations and by the World Bank environmental procedures. At the same time, it is important to raise environmental sensitivity and awareness of the personnel of contractors and sub-contractors working on the project. Under a proper supervisory system, and with appropriate specifications and conditions for the incorporation of such measures, this should not be difficult. If these guidelines are properly followed, environmental impacts resulting from project implementation would be relatively small. It requires the engineering consultant to incorporate comprehensive environmental protection measures into the contract document.
Contractors must comply with the environmental mitigation measures specified in World Bank and GOP guidelines. At the same time, it is important to point out that environmental sensitivity and awareness of sub-contractors and their workers needs to be raised. Under a proper supervisory system, with appropriate specifications and conditions for the incorporation of such measures, this should not be difficult.
87 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
8.2.2 EQUIPMENT SITES AND STORAGE AREAS Mitigation. The contract documents should specifically address the following: Spillage offuels: Plant and equipment sites, materials stores and temporary accommodation/office facilities should not be located on land belonging to nature reserves, forests, protected habitats or habitats with protected species or land that is or will be used for agricultural purposes again. Floors of temporary workshops should be lined with concrete to avoid infiltration of spilled oils and fuels into groundwater. Used oil should be collected for recycling and must not be disposed of on-site, either in pits or otherwise.
Collection and the safe disposal of solid waste: Facilities for collection and safe disposal of solid waste should be provided at work sites and workshops. All contractors' staff should be under strict instructions that both solid and liquid wastes must be disposed of into designated facilities. Routine inspections aimed at assessing the effectiveness of waste management systems should be undertaken by the contractor's site engineer and the Resident Engineer, reporting to the environmental units of the executing agency. Proper toilet facilities should be provided at workshops, accommodations or and at quarries or borrow pits.
Sanitationand solid waste management: The contract documents should include measures requiring the provision of good sanitation and solid waste management facilities and ensuring that good waste management practices are enforced. This requires full scale control by the Contractor over his own workforce and over the operations of his sub-contractors, and needs very clearly stated provisions to be incorporated in the Contract Documents. Pertinent control measures need to be written to specified standards, in accordance with World Bank and government regulations.
Monitoring. The contractor's site engineer, the Resident Engineer, the environmental inspector of the executing agency will need to monitor that agreed standards of waste management and sanitation are adhered to. This will require routine inspections, which may be done every week, depending on the duration of the work.
8.2.3 QUARRIES AND BORROW PITS Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following: Removal of vegetation: The clearing of vegetation at these sites should be restricted to the area where actual excavations will take place.
Restoration of landscape: Any quarries and borrow pits should be restored or rehabilitated to in as far as is possible to their original conditions. This will require landscaping, covering with topsoil and re- establishing a grass cover. Pits must be modified so that they are completely free draining, except in riverbeds where they will be filled up naturally. The Contract Document should explicitly describe that rehabilitation and restoration work of quarry sites and borrow areas should be performed in accordance with the environmental mitigation measures of the World Bank and GOP.
88 Chapter 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Old disused embankments: Soil from former disused embankments in protected areas, or areas with valuable habitats or culture historic objects, should not be excavated and used for construction of new embankments, but left untouched.
Additional sites: In case additional sites are required, the Contractors should obtain written approval from the Resident Engineer (RE) before commencing activities at these sites. The RE must be satisfied that any such proposed site is acceptable on environmental grounds, as well as on material quality grounds before giving approval.
Conflicts among owners and executing agency: Most sites will be in public ownership, and conflicts are therefore unlikely to happen. In case sites are identified on private land holdings, owners have to be adequately compensated at prevailing market rates. Executing agency and contractors should deal with those who will be adversely affected in a transparent and fair manner.
Monitoring. The environmental inspector of the executing agency and Resident Engineer will have to monitor that property owners are compensated for material taken from their lands, and that agreed rehabilitation processes for quarries and gravel pits have been followed by the contractors. The Contract Document should specify a mechanism whereby adequate funds for these works are retained until the Engineer and, possibly, the executing agency's Environmental Management Unit approves the restoration works executed by the Contractor.
8.2.4 EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION AND EARTHWORKS
Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following: Landscaping. Where earthworks have disturbed the landscape, this must be restored, as far as is possible to its original state, particularly in scenic areas. This may include tree planting, covering with topsoil and sowing of grass or semi-natural mixtures. At places where bushes and trees have been removed, shrubs such as blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crategus spp. or rose Rosa spp. could be planted, but only on the landward side of the embankment. Old embankments: Soil from former disused embankments in protected areas or areas with valuable habitats, landscapes or culture historic objects should not be excavated and used for construction of new embankments, but left untouched in situ.
Excavation, transportationof soil and construction material: Excavation, transportation of soil and construction will not take place in designated Natura 2000 sites, protected areas or any other sites with protected habitats or ecosystems or near archaeological and culture historic sites and monuments. In any other forested or natural areas the contractor will try to avoid, minimize or restore damage to soil, vegetation and trees caused by transportation of soil and construction materials to places of construction. Levelling. Levelling of topsoil in Natura 2000 sites, protected areas or any other areas with protected habitats or ecosystems or near archaeological and culture historic sites will not be permitted.
89 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Removal of vegetation, cutting of bushes andfelling of trees: Removal of vegetation, shrubs and trees is allowed only along the new or former alignment of embankments. Trees on existing embankments which are endangering the function of flood prevention of the embankment can be removed, except in the case of monumental and protected trees. In this case individual solutions will be sought in consultation with the owner, the conservator of nature and a landscape architect. For felling of trees in Natura 2000 sites or protected sites, permission must be obtained from the nature conservation authority.
Buffer zones: Buffer zones around protected areas and sites must be respected by the Contractor. Within these areas no vehicles or equipment will be allowed, in order to minimise disturbance in these sites
Monitoring. A landscape architect working under the responsibility of the environmental inspector of the executing agency will need to monitor that agreed standards of landscaping and restoration works are being abided with. The Resident Engineer can only enforce the contract. In the Design Phase therefore the Consultant must formulate the Contract Document in such a way that earthworks are carried out in an environmentally acceptable manner. Monitoring should be carried out thereafter by the RE and Environmental Inspector of the Executing Agency. This will require routine inspections, which may be done every week, depending on the duration of works.
8.2.5 DREDGING Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following: Widening and deepening of river channel The preferred method of widening and deepening of the river channels is by means of dredging. The excavated silt and sediments, which in some cases may be toxic, especially near weirs (Redzin) should be deposited on barges and transported and off-loaded in a safe depot, without risk of polluting soil, surface or groundwater. Measures should be described to minimize loss of sediment and suspended materials during dredging operations into the rivers downstream sections. This should include the shutting down of operations in the event of sudden pressure drops (indicating leakage and potential spillage), and the use of sediment curtains, where appropriate.
Disposal of sediment The location and conditions of a sufficiently large and safe depot for the storage of sediments resulting from dredging operations, which might be contaminated with heavy metals, organic compounds and substances, should be described in the design specifications and contract documents.
Monitoring. The Environmental Inspector of the implementing agency and the Resident Engineer will have to monitor that the agreed working methods are abided with.
90 Chapter 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.2.6 CONSTRUCTION SITES
Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following: Disposal of spoil and construction waste. The Contract documents needs to identify sites for safe disposal of spoil and construction waste. In the Bill of Quantities a line item is needed for haulage of excess material to designated spoil areas.
Monitoring. A detailed monitoring programme to be included in conditions and specifications for each package.
8.2.7 CHANCE FIND PROCEDURES CULTURAL HERITAGE
Mitigation: The Contract Document should include or refer to the Polish procedure as described in the Act of 23rd of July 2003 concerning the relic protection and care for relics and the regulations of June 2004 for chance finds of archaeological objects and sites. Chance-find Procedure: 1. In the case of a decision to start investment works, it is necessary to notify the appropriate antiquities protection institution, attaching a detailed localization plan of the investment. 2. The antiquities protection institution may - in exceptional cases (for example in the case of this site being already examined by the institution) - name the archaeological works performer. However, it does not mean that the performer has to be accepted by the investor. The investor has a right to appeal, in order to change the decision. If the archaeological works performer is not appointed or named by the investor, the investor or building works performer designated by the investor, asks the chosen archaeological works performers for the price. If the cost of the works exceeds e 6 000, the performers are appointed in the course of Public Procurement. The above concerns only state investors. 3. A chosen archaeological institute examines the area of the future earth works. The antiquities protection institution may oblige the investor to uncover the compact foundation by removing (for example by bulldozers) the layer of humus, debris, etc. 4a. In the case when an examination of the area does not show the presence of objects connected with the archaeological site, the archaeological institution responsible for the supervision informs the appropriate conservation centre that the supervised area does not contain cultural relics. Following this, the conservation centre issues a permission to start earth works. 4b. In case the examination of the area shows the presence of an archaeological site or traces of cultural relics, the supervising institution informs the appropriate conservation centre. The conservation centre postpones any earth works connected with the investment in the area of the archaeological site and orders to start digging works at the cost of the investor. After finishing the works, the appropriate conservation centre issues the permission to continue works, based on the information (with proper documentation) from the supervising institution performing the archaeological works. However, they also express the need to be notified of any relics found in the course of deeper earth works (up to a few metres), in the deeper geological layers (for example Paleolithic objects). The described procedure is a standard procedure.
91 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
8.3 STAND ALONE MITIGATION MEASURES
8.3.1 OPTIMIZE RESERVOIR OPERATING RULES TO MITIGATE IMPACTS ON NATURAL HABITATS The negative effects on natural habitats will depend to a large extent upon the way of operation of the reservoir. Mitigation or damage reduction can be done by taking into consideration the principle to minimize the retention of relatively small flood waves with high probability, without increasing eventual flood hazards. In order to minimize the negative effects on natural habitats RZGWGL has the intention to operate the reservoir in such a way that only the infrequent flood peaks are stored i.e. those with a relatively low probability or severe floods. The reservoir capacity is very small (185 million cubic meters) thus it would not be possible to store total flood volumes for long duration, only reduction in high peaks would be possible. Natural complexes which depend upon recurrent floods would not be affected substantially and would benefit if frequent floods (with return period up to 10 year or possibly more) are passed uncontrolled. The construction of the reservoir and outlet structure does not impose any constraint in passing such floods undisturbed, if such flood management regime is adopted. As a result (and as discussed in Chapter 6) potential impacts on natural habitats inside and down stream of the proposed polder are likely to be rather small, since they are restricted to peak floods with a return period of more than 10 years. The impacts caused by lower flood levels of floods with a return period of more than 10 years are difficult to predict and the only way to assess long-term impacts is to monitor the hydrology and ecological conditions in the floodplain at sensitive locations.
8.3.2 IMPLEMENT HYDROBIOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND INSTALL MONITORING NETWORK In the absence of detailed information on terrain conditions (relief, soils, groundwater, hydrology) and any historical information on impacts from past floods, it is not possible to make an accurate assessment of the impacts on natural habitats and to design plans to mitigate potential risks. Therefore, RZWG will be commissioning two separate hydrobiological studies to monitor and analyse potential impacts on key natural habitats. One study is to monitor those habitats inside and in the near vicinity of the proposed Raciborz dry polder and the other study will monitor those habitats in the floodplain downstream Raciborz until Brzeg Dolny and particularly focussed on those parts of the PNS Opolska Dolina Odry, Grady Odrzanskie and Grady w Dolinie Odry and Dolina Widawy (see Table 6. 1), which might be most affected.
The outline for these two studies is given below: 1) Hydrobiological study on impacts of reservoir management inside the reservoir and focussed specifically on Tworkowski Forest and other affected natural habitats in the Raciborz area; (alteration of flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effects on river and floodplain habitats, i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife) * Detailed baseline inventory of physical conditions: (i) Relief map with absolute elevation figures, (ii) Geology of alluvial layer (thickness of alluvial layer, soil type, etc.), (iii) Description of water level regime (minimum water levels - WL, mean WL and different flood stages before and after reservoir/polder construction);
92 Chapter 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
* Detailed baseline inventory of natural habitats and biota: (i) Habitats including requirements of Habitat Directive, (ii) Aquatic and terrestrial biota (iii) Forest cadastre and management data; * Installation of a hydrobiological monitoring network and assessment of bio-indicators; * Monitoring during 6 years; * Analysis of impacts by future management of polder on vegetation, wildlife and forestry; * Elaboration of improved polder management to avoid negative impacts, scope of negative impacts which are inevitable, scope of necessary mitigation measures by area and type of habitat;
* Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negative effects.
2) Hydrobiological study on impacts of reservoir management downstream of the reservoir and focussed specifically on affected natural habitats in the Odra floodplain, including Natura 2000 sites between Raciborz and Brzeg Dolny; (alteration of flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effects on river and floodplain habitats, i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife). * Baseline inventory of physical conditions: (i) Relief map with absolute elevation figures, (ii) Geology of alluvial layer (thickness of alluvial layer, soil type, etc.), (iii) Description of water level regime (minimum water levels - WL, mean WL and different flood stages before and after reservoir/polder construction); * Baseline inventory of natural habitats and biota: (i) Habitats including requirements of Habitat Directive, (ii) Aquatic and terrestrial biota (iii) Forest cadastre and management data; * Installation of a hydrobiological monitoring network and assessment of bio-indicators; * Monitoring during 6 years; * Analysis of expected impacts of the operation of the Raciborz reservoir on vegetation, wildlife and forestry; * Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negative effects on areas downstream.
RZWG will be using these study results as one of the key determining factors to regulate discharges from the polder with a view to maximise the ecological benefits without compromising the safety of people. The cost of the hydrobiological studies including monitoring activities (spread over 6 years) is estimated at £ 480 000 and £ 600 000 respectively.
93 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
8.4 PROACTIVE COMPENSATORY MEASURES TO PRESERVE AND ENHANCE THE ODRA ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR
8.4.1 CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF COMPENSATION MEASURES Measures to mitigate or compensate unavoidable impacts on natural habitats and species affected (inside and downstream of the dry polder), will have to be prepared in comparable proportions considering the size and the nature of the habitats and species affected. One must also bear in mind that the objective of Natura 2000 is to form a coherent European ecological network. This means that it is not enough to develop a site which is of good quality on its own, but the flora and fauna for which the site is meant should also be able to reach the new site. Therefore measures under ORFPP will not only be aimed at the protected sites, but also at the smaller areas that can act as corridors, narrow areas, for example riparian areas along rivers and streams, and separate patches, so-called "stepping stones" such as ponds and small woods, which must be located close enough to each other, so that organisms can use them to migrate from one place to the other. Two types of activities to enhance the ecological conditions in the impact area and to compensate for possible negative impacts on natural habitats will be included in the EMP:
8.4.2 MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR BETWEEN CHALUPKI AND RACIBORZ This is as compensation for potential impacts to the Tworkowski forest and surrounding natural habitats in accordance with the guidelines for compensation measures for Natura 2000 sites. This component will be implemented by RZGWGL in cooperation with WWF-Poland and could include the following activities: (i) Strengthening of the Border Meander Conservation and Re-naturalization project (WWF-Poland), by purchase of 50 ha to increase the area of this original meander (PNS), (ii) Enhancement of the ecological belt between Wielikat ponds and Tworkowski Forest, (iii) Preserving and strengthening of the corridor at the left bank of the Odra between Tworkowski Forest, Psina outlet and Sudol complex, (iv) alternative water supply for Brzezie ponds/wetland complexes. These measures would be implemented under Component C5 of the project by RZGWGL in cooperation with WWF-Poland. Implementation costs are estimated at e 800 000.
8.4.3 MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR BETWEEN RACIBORZ AND BRZEG DOLNY This component would include a number of measures to mitigate potential impacts on natural habitats and species in the Odra section downstream of the Raciborz dry polder. Measures have to be worked out on basis of the findings of the monitoring study and could include some engineering works to improve hydrological conditions (e.g. by raising groundwater tables, lowering terrain levels, opening up embankments, creating artificial islands and other measures to mitigate negative impacts on affected habitats. Other measures could include the purchase of land to restore natural habitats in order to compensate for losses elsewhere. A number of measures are proposed for the Odra and Widawa Valley by the Polish Society of Wildlife Friends "pro Natura" (NGO) and could be included in component C5. (see Annex D4). Details have to be worked out during preparation of the local EIAs. One of the other recommended measures is to establish a Nature Education Centre near Wroclaw, for information and education on floodplain ecology and wetland restoration. This in view of the limited awareness of the importance of protecting riverine forests and habitats in Poland. Such a centre could be instrumental in creating environmental
94 Chapter 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
awareness in floodplain ecology and associated fields among schoolchildren, students, engineers, authorities and general public. Exploitation of such a centre could be commissioned to one or more local or national nature conservation NGOs or the City of Wroclaw. RZGWWL and DZMiUW supported by nature conservation organizations and WWF would implement this component. Tentatively a budget has been reserved of E 2.2 million (works to be implemented in 4 Natura sites estimated at e 500 000 per area and e 200 000 for establishing a Nature Education Centre).
8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
The monitoring programme has a dual purpose. It is designed (i) to monitor the contractor's work during project implementation in order to check contractual compliance with specified mitigation measures, and subsequently (ii) to assess the actual environmental impacts of the project over the years following completion of dry polder and the modernization programme of WFS.
The first type of monitoring will be done by the Engineering consultant and supervised by the M&E consultants. What is required at this stage is a general outline of a monitoring programme, including the design of prompt feedback mechanisms and identification of adequate lines of communication. Monitoring will be specified during the detailed design stage when the Consultant will produce the contract conditions and specifications for each package. Specific items and issues will then be listed in the contract documents.
The second type of monitoring will be commissioned and carried out by local organisations/consultants with sufficient experience in hydrological and ecological monitoring (see also Section 8.3.2). Monitoring will be continued for a period of 6 years. Result of monitoring of impacts will have to be reviewed and evaluated from time to time by the M&E consultants. Findings might be used to revise operation rules of the dry polder and the Widawa transfer channel.
8.6 COST OF EMP
The overall budget requirements, spread over the entire project period (from 2006 to 2011), for EMP implementation and monitoring is about 1% of the total project cost as can be seen below:
95 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Table 8.1 - Summary of cost Environmental Management Plan
Nr Item Funding Cost in t 1 Hydrobiological study upstream Raciborz, including 6 year monitoring Comp C5 480 000 2 Hydrobiological study downstream Raciborz, including 6 year Comp C5 600 000 monitoring 3 Enhancement project upstream Raciborz purchase of land/engineering Comp C5 800 000 works 4 Enhancement project downstream Raciborz, Comp C5 2 200 000 including Nature Education Centre 5 PCU environmental/social specialist (50% EMP) Comp Dl 100 000 6 RZGW teams (3 x 3 persons), allowances (50% EMP) Comp C5 240 000 7 Training RZGWs in environmental management, 6 years x 30 000/yr Comp D2 180 000 8 Individual Consultants to be recruited, 6 years 50 000/yr Comp Dl 300 000 9 Fish passages Wroclaw Power Plant I and Redzin barrage Comp B2 300 000 TOTAL COST 5 200 000
8.7 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES
An overview of impacts and mitigation measures including responsibilities and monitoring requirements is given at the end of this chapter in Table 8.2.
96 Table 8.2 - Overview of environmental impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring activities Impacts / issues Mitigation measures 1 Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency of Schedule (Cost in E) Implementation Indicators monitoring 1. Odra River Basin Flood Control Project Very significant positive effect Desirable outcome 2006-2011 500 million RZGWGL PCU on safety level of major Reduction in During floods of the Project Component RZGWWL ONDR area population centres. Strong A+B+C+D DZMiUW reduction in risk of damages inundated, and losses of private inundation and public property due to period and flood flooding, especially in city water of Wroclaw levels Raciborz dry polder Dam break analysis 2006-2010 4.5 million RZGWGL IPE EPP and EMP During design Dam failure Emergency Preparedness Component RZGWWL Project PlanE (allurPP),gencly Prearedness prepared and & construction Flood C1 IMGW - OTKZ Engineer implemented stages and wave could reach Warning System SMOK Raciborz town (pop. 61 000) WarningderSystemtion Training of key annual during within 1 hour risking loss Flood Management Plan of life and high damage stakeholders (FMP) implemented of property Design review by Reservoir Independent Panel of Experts design (IPE) reviewed by IPE 2. Construction of Raciborz dry polder (Component A) Changes in land use inside Detailed Resettlement Action 2004 - onward 63.3 million RAP M&E the dry polder and Land acquired See RAP Plan (RAP); for RAP RZGWGL Consultants resettlement of population Persons Component resettled of villages Ligota Tworkowska A2 and Nieboczowy Table 8.Z cont.
Impacts I issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency of Schedule (Cost in C) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring
Removal and relocation Create alternative water 2006 - onward Component RZGWGL M&E New water Annually of public utilities: supply for 4 000 people A2 Gmina Lubomia consultants supply - Closure of Tajchow drinking residents in Lubomia; installed water wells Dismantling, removal of RZGWGL Number of - Risk of pollution from existing services Relevant sources of existing waste, fuel infrastructure and storage Gmina's pollution and chemical depots facilities removed and storage tanks Risk of damage to sensitive No traffic and activities in 2006 - onward Component Construction M&E Contractors Permanent natural complexes due to sensitive areas (no-go area) Al + A3 Supervision consultant violating by supervising construction activities: Create buffer zones of 100- consultant, procedure consultant - Tworkowski forest 200 m wide around these Contractors andQuarterly - Sudol oxbow complex complexes sub-contractors by M&E consultant - Fringes of Wielikat ponds No earth movement and - Meadows E of Nieboczowy borrow pits - Brzezie ponds & meadows - Tributaries of Odra Risk of damage to physical Inventory of known Inventory and Component RAP M&E Status of Permanent cultural properties archaeological and cultural Plan: 2005 A3 consultants known by supervising sites/objects archeological consultant plan for earth moving Engineering sites Quarterly Update ~~~~~~~~consultantsQurel and borrow areasand borrow areas Number by M&E Removal/relocation of historic of objects consultant monuments /places of RZGWGL removed worship 2006 - onward COA' secured Chance-find procedures to be Engineering Compliance included in tender documents consultants with chance- &Contractor procedures
COA: Conservator of Antiquities of voivod Table 8.2, cont. Impacts / issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency of Schedule (Cost in fl Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring Potential damage to Reduce damage to forest 2006 - onward Component RZGW / IMGW IPE Operational Tworkowski alluvial forest by optimizing Hydrology reservoir C1 & stakeholders rules prepared (PNS) due to operation operations monthly & implemented or as required of the reservoir Hydrobiological inventory 2006-2007 Baseline Consultants M&E Surface & (baseline study in first year) study & recruited from consultants ground water and Ecology installation observation Monitoring Universities, levels network bi-annually 480 000 NGOs Water quality Monitoring during 6 years 2006 - onward Forest Dept Bio-indicators Evaluation during year 3 supported by and CNS' Bcidctr year 6 ecologists Forest Mngt Plan approved Prepare Forest Management Plan Reduction of flood levels Optimization of reservoir 2006 - onward Component RZGW / IMGW IPE Operational and area inundated, decrease operations Permanent 2 Ci & stakeholders rules prepared of gwt in flood prone areas Hydrobiological inventory 2006 - onward Study & Consultants M&E and downstream of Raciborz (baseline study) in sensitive monitoring recruited from consultants, implemented and up to Brzeg Dolny may areas, installation Hydrology 600 000 Universities, Surface lead to degeneration of flood- of observation & monthly network Component NGOs ground sensitive natural habitats and monitoring water or as required C5 levels and wetlands, including areas and evaluation of results belonging to 4 PNSWaeqult Water quality Ecology Updating operational Ecog rules 2011 Component RZGW / IMGW IPE, MOE Bio-indicators bi-annually C1 & stakeholders Mitigation/compensatory Component measures (see next point) C5
'CNS: Conservator of Nature in Slaskie 2 gwt: groundwater tables Table 8.2, cont.
Impacts / issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency of Schedule (Cost in E) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring
Interruption of the river Prepare and implement Planning: 2006 Component RZGW M&E Plan prepared Permanent continuum and blocking main a plan for enhancement Implementation: C5 Forest Dept consultant and approved international ecological of bio-corridor of the Upper 2007 - onward 2 200 000 supported by CNS Plan corridor along Odra floodplain Odra in order to compensate + 800 000 ecologists implemented Cutting off minor ecological for negative impacts recruited from corridors along the Odra of changed flood regime Universities tributaries by the polder on natural forests and NGOs and reducing the migration wetland habitats of biota and biodiversity Drowning of wildlife and small Construct a number 2006 - onward Component RZGWGL M&E number Annually animals during operation of artificial refuge hills Al Design consultants of refuge hills or ridges in reservoir consultants constructed 3. Construction of Wroclaw Floodway System (Component B) Removal, compensation Apply principles of Involuntary 2007 - onward Component RAP M&E Number Bi-annually or relocation of homestead Resettlement: OP/BP 4.12 B3 RZGWWL consultants of properties gardens and recreation Implement local ElAs when DZMiUW compensated centre in Widawa Valley detailed design is completed or removed Removal of homestead gardens in Kozanow Removal of illegal landfill and illegal commercial or residential structures in Widawa valley Table 8.2, cont Impacts / issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency of Schedule (Cost in e) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring Risk of damage to sites Inventory of known 2005 Components Archaeologist M&E Status of Permanent and objects of cultural archaeological sites B1, B2, B3 RZGWWL consultants known sites during heritage due to earth-moving Update plan for borrow areas DZMiUW and dredging operations construction during construction Supervision by qualified Engineering expert CwA Compliance & Supervising with chance- Chance-find procedures in 2006 - onward consultant find tender documents Contractor procedures Risk of damage to historic Reconstruction plans to be 2005 - onward Component RZGWWL CMW Status of Permanent hydraulic structures (bridges prepared in compliance with 82 Engineering known sites during and sluices) of the old designs and criteria of CMW' Consultants protection system and the of city of Wroclaw construction retaining walls of boulevards Supervision and inspection Contractor in Wroclaw M&E by restoration experts. Qualified expert consultants Potential damage to SPA Include mitigation measures 2005 - onward Components RZGWWL "Grady M&E Contractors Permanent Odrzanskie", PNS in detailed design and B1, 83 DZMiUW "Grady consultant violating during w Dolinie Odry" & contract documents including: Engineering "Dolina procedure construction Widawy" and other - avoiding damage to SPA consultant valuable habitats due to (re) & PNS through re-alignment construction of embankments of dikes or application upstream of Wroclaw (Work of special constructions No 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 20, - limiting tree removal 40, 45) and around the - creating buffer zones outflow of Widawa river (Work around sensitive areas No 12, 19, 27, 42, 44) - no removal of soil and vegetation from old disused dikes in PNS and other valuable areas - implement local ElAs
CMW: Conservator of Monuments in City of Wroclaw Table 8.2, cont
Impacts I issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency of Schedule (Cost in E) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring
Risk of damage to terrestrial Application of environmental 2005 - onward Component RZGWWL M&E Contractors Permanent and aquatic habitats due friendly engineering solutions B3 DZMiUW consultants violating during to dredging operations in in sensitive areas & Engineering procedure dredging Odra & Widawa valley (PNS) Detailed measures consultant operations will influence fish fauna and to be described in detailed bank vegetation. design & contract documents A number of small landscape Existing inventory of 2005 - onward Components RZGWWL M&E Contractors Permanent elements with natural monumental trees in Wroclaw B1, B2, B3 DZMiUW consultants violating during or cultural historic value, to be expanded to small & Engineering procedure construction such as dike breach scours, landscape elements in WFS consultant historic embankments, small Follow existing procedures oxbows or wetlands, river to protect monumental trees dunes, riparian trees, rows Include measures to protect of monumental other small landscape or characteristic lawns could elements in detailed design be affected or lost in entire & contract documents WFS area If protection is not feasible, include compensatory landscaping measures 4. Recommended additional measures (other non-project related issues) - Suspected pollution Monitor the (ground) water soonest RZGWGL in MOE pH of surface Monthly of groundwater with heavy quality in reservoir on heavy cooperation with & groundwater metals from Bukow coal metals (pH) and take Environmental near coal dump appropriate action Dept of Slaskie dump and in Wielikat Ponds Insufficient coordination in Improve the legal and spatial 2005 - onward RZGWWL MOE flood control, spatial planning and technical integration DZMiUW and & infrastructural works (WFS) of projects other agencies Fish migration hindered at Construct new fish passage 2007 - onward Component RZGWWL M&E Fish passages Wroclaw Hydroelectric Plant at power plant B2 Engineering consultants designed and No 1 and at Redzin barrage Improve/renew existing fish E 300 000 consultant operational ladder at Redzin Chapter 9 * INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
CHAPTER 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
9.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EMP
The proposed institutional structure to implement the EMP is shown in Figure 9.1. The PCU will have the overall project coordination and management on a day to day basis. The PCU would consist of a project director, a deputy director, an environmental/social specialist and a technical specialist, in addition to a procurement specialist, a financial management specialist, an accountant and support staff. The Technical specialist will be responsible for the engineering aspects of the project and will be supported by the design and supervising consultants and the M&E consultants. The Environmental & Social specialist will be responsible on a full-time basis for the implementation of RAP and the EMP.
I ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~PCUl
DeptDirector l
Environm nental 8 ...... eTechnil Social Specialist RZGWGL Specilist RAP-EMP 3 staff EMP-RAP E Components A& Technical staff RtZGWWL 3 staff EMP-RAP I F Technical staff I F M&E Consultant DZMiUW Design Consultant l" 3staff EMP-RAP External expertise Technical staff Supervising Consultant
Project
Figure 9.1 - Institutional structure for implementation EMP-RAP
9.2 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTAUSOCIAL SPECIALIST (PCU) Responsibility The environmental and social specialist of the PCU is responsible for the implementation of EMP and RAP. In this task he/she will be supported by the M&E Consultants, the Supervising engineering Consultant and external international and local experts. The environmental specialist will work closely together with the Technical specialist of PCU. Both specialists report directly to the Deputy Director of PCU.
103 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Task description * Manage and coordinate the implementation of EMP and RAP according to the agreed standards required under Polish legislation and World Bank policies in order to minimize social and environmental impacts of the project; * Liaise and coordinate with the technical specialist of PCU responsible for implementation of the engineering components of the project in order to get full compliance with the planned mitigation and compensation measures of the investors (RZGWGL, RZGWWL, DZMiUW), the supervising consultants and (sub)contractors, charged with the implementation of the ORFPP; * Select and train staff of RZGWGL, RZGWWL and DZMiUW in order to build capacity in environmental and social affairs and promote a more integrated approach to water management and flood control within these organisations.
Qualifications * Education: M.Sc. in environmental, social sciences or land & water management; * Experience: Preferably at least 5 years experience in management of integrated projects involving a large social, institutional or environmental component; * Experience or interest in change management and innovative approaches on floodplain ecology, hydrology, environmental engineering, land use affairs or resettlement issues; * Good communication and negotiation skills with proven experience in public participation and social issues; * Familiar with Polish environmental legislation; * Age: preferably between 35 and 45 years
9.3 EMP/RAP TEAMS
Within RZGWGL, RZGWWL and DZMiUW the Environmental & Social specialist will work together with a small team of 3 engineers within each of these organisations. These engineers belong to the regular staff of these organisations, but next to their normal duties they will be working on the implementation of RAP or EMP on a part-time basis. They will receive special training under the project to perform these tasks. The teams will be recruited from the regular staff of these organisations on basis of a special recruitment procedure focussed on staff members shown interest in managing environmental and resettlement issues. In consultation with the organisations adequate incentives will be worked out in order to facilitate their career development. Selection criteria could be as follows: * Water management engineers interested in integrated approach of projects; * Capable of working in small teams receiving special training; * Motivated to initiate change processes; * Social attitude (interested in public participation, active in public meetings etc); * Good communication skills.
104 Chapter 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
9.4 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTALUSOCIAL ENGINEERS RZGW/DZMIUW
Responsibility The environmental or social engineers within RZGWs or DZMiUW are responsible for the implementation of the social and environmental tasks described in the EMP or RAP within their respective organisations. They will assist and participate in activities aimed at building capacity in management of environmental and social affairs within the ORFPP. In this task they will be supported by the PCU, the M&E Consultants and external international and local experts. They will report to their superiors in the own organisation as well as to the PCU environmental and social specialist. Task description * Supervise on behalf of the PCU the implementation of EMP or RAP activities, which are under the competence of their organization; * Coordinate and assist in the input of external experts and M&E consultants in matters concerning the implementation of EMP or RAP; * Assist in implementing all other activities to reduce or minimise of adverse social or environmental impacts of the ORFPP; * Assist in organizing and participate in training activities in environmental management and resettlement affairs.
Qualifications
* Education: Preferably M.Sc. in environmental sciences, environmental engineering, water management;
* Interested in working in environmental and social components of integrated projects; * Some experience in environmental management including some practice in social issues (e.g. public consultations or negotiations); * Age: preferably not older than 35; * Professional skills: background in hydrology, water management and some knowledge of EIA procedures, floodplain ecology, public consultations, or social affairs.
9.5 M&E CONSULTANTS
The M& E consultants will support the Environmental & Social Specialist in implementing the EMP and will provide technical assistance and training to the various parties involved in the implementation of the project: the water authorities (investors), the consultants involved in supervision of the implementation, and the contractors and sub-contractors involved in the implementation of the project. The M&E consultants will work under the responsibility of the PCU and will be based in Wroclaw. The main task of the M&E consultants in respect of the EMP and RAP are the following:
* To guide and supervise the EMP and RAP activities to ensure that social and environmental impacts are effectively eliminated, controlled or mitigated;
105 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* To guide and supervise local consultants and organisations recruited to implement baseline inventories and monitoring work and the ecological enhancement project; * To build capacity within the implementing organizations in environmental management and managing resettlement issues; * To provide training in environmental management to staff involved in construction and in the operation of the project.
9.6 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING.
Capacity building will be aimed at strengthening the RZGWWL, RZGWGL and DZMiUW organizations in the field of integrated floodplain management and environmental management. Training in environmental management will be focussed on the implementing agencies, but should not be restricted to these organizations. Project staff involved in construction and operation of the project should also be trained. Various types of training should be given, for various target groups and always tailored to the specific needs. Training will deal with - among other things - nature friendly design and construction methodologies, which are widely applied and accepted in Germany, France, the U.K. and the Netherlands.
106 Chapter 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE
CHAPTER 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE
10.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING PROJECT PREPARATION
Polish law requires an elaborate procedure for public consultation and disclosure of any works and construction. This procedure was initiated in a systematic way at the Gmina level through announcements and public hearings during 2002 as part of the preparation of feasibility studies, even though the project had already been under consideration for a long time and the local population was aware of such plans. The consultations were undertaken on all project issues such as design, environmental impacts and social impacts of various project components. However, since resettlement was the major impact inside the Raciborz reservoir, whereas all people benefiting from flood protection were located on the downstream side, separate discussion and consultations were held with the people to be resettled during preparation of RAP.
10.2 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE SCOPING STAGE OF THE EA
During the preparation of the EA study there were two stages of consultations: (i) during the scoping stage of the study and (ii) during presentation of the findings. During the scoping stage it was decided not to organize a separate public meeting on environmental issues, in view of earlier public meetings on resettlement. In stead of this the EA team had individual meetings with the various stakeholders, including, the Lubomia Gmina, the Archaeological Conservator in Wodzislaw Slaski, the Archaeological Department University of Wroclaw, the Forestry Department in Rudy Raciborskie, WWF Poland, WWF Auen Institute of Rastatt, Germany and various individual experts in nature conservation, geology, soils, ecology, fisheries, and forestry. In December 2004 the EA team attended a resettlement workshop in Raciborz discussing findings of RAP. On January 25th, 2005 the team had a brain storming meeting with representatives of WWF on ecological impacts (see Annex DI). Preliminary findings and recommendations of the EA were discussed with representatives of RZGWGL, RZGWWL and DZMiUW on March 10 and April 28, 2005.
10.3 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS OF THE EA
After approval of the draft EA version PCU distributed about 40 printed copies of the EA to local authorities and relevant stakeholders in the project. The draft EA was also published on the websites of RZGWGL, RZGWWL, DZMiUW on June 15th for a period of 4 weeks. Advertisements in local newspapers in Wroclaw and Raciborz were published with invitations to the public to participate in two public consultation meetings: (i) a Public Consultation meeting organized by RZGWWL, DZMiUW in Wroclaw on 30 June 2005 discussing the impacts of WFS; in this meeting which was held in the Agricultural University 52 persons attended, mainly representing nature conservation organizations and the scientific community. Local authorities and press were not represented. Discussion mainly focused on legal issues, absence of adequate spatial plans and ecological concerns regarding natural habitats in the Odra and Widawa valley; (ii) a second Public consultation meeting organized by RZGWGL on July 1, 2005 in the Art Hall in Raciborz, discussing the impacts of the Raciborz dry polder. This meeting was attended by 51 persons, including 7 journalists, a large group of farmers with land in the dry polder, some representatives of the Defense Committee and a few NGOs. The discussions in this meeting focused on the social impacts
107 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment of the project, but also environmental concerns were raised. A summary of the Public consultation meetings is given in Annex D2 and D3 of this Report.
A number of letters were received from regional and local authorities, NGOs and a mining company. The issues raised and feedback received was very useful in the preparation of this Report. A number of valuable suggestions were included in the EA (see also Annex D for further details). Further elaboration of the suggestions and ideas will be needed, during detailed design and preparation of local EIAs which will be prepared for several project components of ORFPP.
10.4 FINAL DISCLOSURE OF APPROVED EA
The final text of the EA Summary will be disclosed on the websites of RZGWGL, RZGWWL and DZMiUW. After approval by the Ministry of Environment the Main EA Report will be published on the website of this Ministry. LIST OF REFERENCES
LIST OF REFERENCES
1) Badura, J. and B. Przybylski, Morphologic and age correlation of terraces of main rivers in Lower Silesia, National Institute of Geology, Warsaw, 2000. 2) CIDA-WARR, Programme for the Oder 2006, Pre-feasibility Study, prepared by Roche Consultants, September 2001. 3) Czajka-Kaczka, A. The rate of sedimentation on regulated river floodplains: the Upper Vistula and the Upper Odra River, Southern Poland, Ph.D. thesis, University of Silesia, 2004. 4) Dolnoslaskie Voivoidship 2004, Subregions, Powiats and Gmina's, Statistical office Wroclaw, 2004. 5) Dworak, T. and W. Hansen, The European flood approach, International Conference Towards natural flood reduction strategies, Warsaw, September 2003. 6) FAO, Gateway to land and water information: Poland national report, Rome, 2001. 7) Gediga, B., Fortified settlements of the Lusatian peoples in Wroclaw-Osobowice, Wroclaw, 1976. 8) Gelderse Poort, Land der lebendigen Fliisse, Die Auenlandschaft de Gelderse Poort, Deutsch-Niederlandisches Landschaftsentwickelungsproject, 2002. 9) Glowacinski, Z. (ed.), Red list of threatened animals in Poland, Krakow, 2002. 10) Glowacinski, Z. and J. Nowacki (eds.), Red book of threatened animals in Poland - Invertebrates, Krakow, 2002. 11) Hilton-Taylor, C. (ed.), Red list of threatened species, IUCN, 2000. 12) Hoffmann W, Die vorgeschichtlichen Funde von Breslau-Oswitz und Ransern Kr. Breslau, Altschlesien, vol 10, p. 7-25, 1941. 13) IKSO, Common strategy for flood control, Wroclaw, 2002. 14) Kacki, Z. (ed.), Endangered vascular plants of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, 2003. 15) Kazmierczakowa, R. and K. Zarzycki (eds.), Red book of vascular plants in Poland, Krakow, 2001. 16) Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa, A., Neolithic settlement in SW Poland, Wroclaw, 1993. 17) Matuszkiewicz, W. The guide for the designation of plant communities in Poland, Warszawa, 2001. 18) Mlynarska-Kaletynowa, M., Wroclaw in the 12 h-13th century. Social and economical changes, Wroclaw, 1986. 19) Nowak, A. and K. Spalek (eds.), Red book of vascular plants in Opolskie voivodship, Opole, 2003. 20) Official Journal of the European Union, page 894-897, 23 September 2003. 21) Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Geological Map of Poland, scale 1:200 000, Warschau, 1994. 22) Regional Water Management Authority Wroclaw, Feasibility Study for the Raciborz Flood Reservoir on the River Odra, Main Report and Technical Annexes, October 2003, Jacobs, in cooperation with Hydroproject, Hydroproject-Wroclaw and JacobsGibb.
109 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
23) Regional Water Management Authority Wroclaw, Feasibility Study for the Raciborz Flood Reservoir on the River Odra, Modernization of Wroclaw Water System, Final Report and Technical Annexes, February 2004, Jacobs, in cooperation with Hydroproject, Hydroproject-Wroclaw and JacobsGibb. 24) Sarnowska, W., Unietic culture in Poland,v. II, Wroclaw, 1975. 25) Witkowski, A. Blachuta, J., Kotusz, J. and T. Hesse, Red list of Polish freshwater ichthyofauna, Chronmy Przyrode Ojczysta, 55 (4), pp. 5-19, 1999. 26) Witkowski,A. Blachuta, J., Kotusz, J. and J. Kusznierz, Lampreys and fishes of the Upper and Mid Odra Basin, Silesia, SW Poland, The present situation, Acta Hydrobiol, 42 (3/4) p. 283-303, 2000. 27) Wojciechowski, W., Neolithic deposits from Gajkow, Wroclaw voivodship, Silesia Antiqua, vol. 38: p. 7-19, 1996. 28) WWF Oder Auenatlas, WWF Auen Institute in cooperation with WWF Germany, 2000. 29) WWF Poland (ed.) in cooperation with Birdlife-Poland, Naturalist Club, Polish Society for Nature Protection "Salamandra", Natura 2000 Shadow List in Poland, Warsaw, December 2004. 30) Zaleski, J and J. Winter, Strategy of Modernization of Oder River Water System. Programme for the Oder 2006, Scientific Publisher PWN, Warsaw-Wroclaw 2000. 31) Zarzycki, K. Wojewoda W. and Z. Heinrich (eds.), List of endangered plants in Poland, Krakow, 1992.
32) Zastawny, J. Grassland and Pasture crops, Country Pasture /Forage Resource profiles, FAO, Rome, 2002.
110 ANNEXES
ANNEX A
LISTS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA
Al. List of plants available in the project area
A2. List of invertebrates available in the project area
A3. List of amphibians available in the project area
A4. List of reptiles available in the project area
A5. List of birds available in the project area
A6. List of mammals available in the project area
A7. List of fish fauna available in the project area
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA
A1-6. List of plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals available in project area
_ ~~ o0 ~ 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0C~~~~~~~~~~C Lp. Takson 0 0 wU Name (english) m0 E B c
(D 0 __ E.. Al. PLANTS
1 Ophioglossum vulgatum Adders-tongue S (a) VU/NT _+ 2 Salvinia natans floating watermoss I S V VU + + + 3 Matteucia struthiopteris ostrich fern S VU ? 4 Hacquetia epipactis hacquetia S EN + 5 Angelica archangelica garden angelica S + + + 6 Viola stagnina fen violet S (a) V VU ? + 7 Centaurium erythraea common centaury S + + 8 Gentiana pneumonanthe marsh gentian S (a) V VU + 9 Dianthus superbus large pink S (a) V VU/EN ? 10 Nymphea candida ? S NU ? + 11 Trollius europaeus globeflower S (a) VU/CR ? 12 Hepatica nobilis liverleaf S + 13 Batrachium trichophyllum thread-leaved water-crowfoot S + 14 Trapa natans water chestnut S (a!!!) V/CR ENNU + + + 15 Elatine triandra three-stamened waterwort S NU VU ? + 16 Utricularia vulgaris greater bladderwort S + + 17 Rosa gallica red rose S (a) VNU VU + + 18 Daphne mezereum mezereon S + ? + 19 Digitalis grandiflora yellow foxglove S + + 20 Lindemia procumbens IV S (!!!) /CR VU/CR ? ? 21 Galanthus nivalis snowdrop V S NT + + + 22 Leucoium vemum spring snowflake S NT + +? 23 Iris sibirica siberian iris S (a) V VU/RE + + 24 Gladiolus imbricatus gladiolus S (a) VU + 25 Scilla bifolia alpine squill S CR + ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
> C (A 0 ( e co 0 ' 0L.o Lp. Takson Name (english) o n w m m E I m Y Yj Y. 6. 0D 0 (U ..J
26 Lilium martagon martagon lily S LC + 27 Muscari comosum tassel hyacinth S (a) R/CR CR/RE + 28 Omithogalum umbellatum garden star-of-bethlehem S LC +? +? 29 Colchicum autumnale meadow saffron S (a) LC + + 30 Cephalanthera damasonium white helleborine S R VU + 31 Neottia nidus-avis bird's-nest orchid S VU + 32 Epipactis helleborine broad-leaved helleborine S + + + 33 Epipactis albensis S NU DD/EN + + 34 Epipactis purpurata violet helleborine S R VU + + + 35 Dactylorhiza majalis broad-leaved marsh orchid S (a) NT + + 36 Dactylorhiza maculata western marsh-orchid S (a) V VU +? +? 37 Listera ovata common twayblade S + 38 Platanthera bifolia lesser butterfly-orchid S LC + 39 Hedera helix (common) ivy P + + + 40 Menyanthes trifoliata bogbean P vu + 41 Nuphar lutea yellow water-lily P + + + 42 Nymphea alba white water-lily P LC + + 43 Asarum europaeum asarabacca P + 44 Galium odoratum woodruff P + 45 Primula elatior oxlip P + 46 Vibumum opulus guelder-rose P + + + 47 Ribes nigrum black currant P + + 48 Frangula alnus alder buckthorn P + + 49 Vinca minor lesser periwinkle P + + + 50 Helichrysum arenarium helichrysum P + + 51 Allium ursinum ramsons P + + 52 Convallaria majalis lily-of-the-valley P + + ANNEXA LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont.
Lp. Takson Name (english) m a E DzL.
A2. INVERTEBRATES
1 Cerambyx cerdo cerambyx longicorn _ 11IV S (a) VU VU + + 2 Osmodemrna eremita hermit beetle 11 II* IV S (a !!!) VU VU + 3 Eriogaster catax + 1111 IV S EN + 4 Maculinea teleius scarce large blue 11 11IV S (a) (LR)NT LC + 5 Maculinea nausithous dusky large blue 11 11IV S (a) (LR)NT LC + 6 Argiope bruennichi + S + + 7 Helix pomatia + III V + A3. AMPHIBIANS
1 Triturus vulgaris smooth newt _ S (a) + + + 2 Tnturus cristatus great crested newt 11 11IV S (a) + + 3 Pelobates fuscus common spadefoot 11 IV S (a) + + 4 Bombina bombina fire-bellied toad 11 11IV S (a) DD (E) + + + 5 Bufo bufo common toad IlIl S (a) + + + 6 Bufo calamita matterjack toad 11 IV S (a) ? + 7 Bufo viridis green toad 11 IV S (a) (R) + + + 8 Hyla arborea common tree frog 11 IV S (a) NT + + + 9 Rana lessonae pool frog Il IV S (a) + + + 10 Rana esculenta edible frog IlIl V S (a) + + + 11 Rana ridibubda marsh frog IlIl V S (a) (R) + + + 12 Rana temporaria common frog IlIl V S (a) + + + 13 Rana arvalis moor frog _ _ IV S (a) (R) + + + ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
0 0 4 ***SD Lp. Takson Name (english) u) c '
0) 0 !- (U_
A4. REPTILES
1 Lacerta agilis sand lizard _1 IV S + + + 2 Lacerta vivipara common lizard IlIl S + + + 3 Anguis fragilis slow worm IlIl S (R) + + + 4 Natrix natrix grass snake IlIl S (R) + + + 5 Vipera berus adder IlIl S + ? ? 6 Emys orbicularis european pond turtle _ 11IV S (a !!!) (LR)NT EN + ?
A5. BIRDS
1 Podiceps cristatus great crested grebe S + + + 2 Podiceps grisegena red-necked grebe IlIl S ? + + 3 Podiceps nigricollis black-necked grebe IlIl S ? + + 4 Tachybaptus ruficolus little grebe IlIl S + + + 5 Phalacrocorax carbo cormorant Ill P ? +? + 6 Botaurus stellaris bittern III 2 I S LC ? + + 7 Ixobrychus minutus little bittern 11 2 I S (a) VU + + + 8 Nycticorax nycticorax night heron 11 I S (a !!!) Z LC ? ? ? 9 Ardea cinerea grey heron IlIl P, H ? + + 10 Egretta alba great white egret IlIl I S ? ? 11 Ciconia nigra black stork 11 I S (a T!!)Z ? +? + 12 Ciconia ciconia white stork 1I S (a) + + + 13 Cygnus olor mute swan Il 11/2 S + + + 14 Anser anser greylag goose Il 11/1 111/2 H ? ? + 15 Anasacuta pintail III 11/1 111/2 S(a) EN ? +? +? 16 Anas clypeata shoveler III 11/1 111/2 S (a) ? + + 17 Anas querquedula garganey IlIl Il/1 S (a) + + + 18 Anas strepera gadwall IlIl Il/1 S + + + 19 Anas crecca teal III 11/1 111/2 H ? + + 20 Anas platyrhynchos mallard III 11/1 111/1 H + + + 21 Aythya ferina pochard III 11/1 111/2 H NT + + + 22 Aythya nyroca ferruginous duck III 2 . S (VU) EN I_ I_?_I + + ANNEXA * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont.
0 0~~~~~~~
Lp. Takson Name (english) o c D
mI m I_ a. 23 Aythya fuligula tufted duck iII Il/ 111/2 H + + + 24 Bucephala clangula goldeneye III 11/2 S (a) +? + 25 Mergus merganser goosander III 11/2 S (a) + + 26 Netta rufina red-crested pochard III 2 S LC ? + + 27 Pemis apivorus honney buzzard 11 I S + + 28 Milvus migrans black kite 11 2 2 I S (!!!) Z NT + + 29 Milvus milvus red kite 11 2 2 I S (!!!) Z NT + + 30 Haliaeetus albicilla white-tailed eagle 11 1 I S (!!!) Z NT LC + + + 31 Circus aeruginosus marsh harrier 11 I S (a) + + + 32 Circus pygargus Montagu's harrier 11 S (a) ? ? 33 Accipter gentilis goshawk 11 S ? + + 34 Accipter nisus sparrowhawk 11 S + + 35 Buteo buteo buzzard 11 S + + + 36 Aquila pomafina lesser spotted eagle 11 2 I S (!!!) Z LC + 37 Falco subbuteo hobby 11 S (a) ? + + 38 Falco tinnunculus kestrel 11 S (a) + + + 39 Perdix perdix partridge III 1I/1 11I/1 H + + + 40 Coturnix cotumix quail III 2 11/2 S DD + + + 41 Phasianus colchicus phaesant Il 11/1 Ill/1 H + + + 42 Grus grus crane 1I S (a) + + 43 Fulica atra coot IlIl I/1 111/2 H + + + 44 Gallinula chloropus moorhen III 11/2 S + +? +? 45 Porzana porzana spotted crake 11 2 I S (a) DD ? + + 46 Porzana parva little crake 11 2 I S NT ? ? + 47 Crex crex corn crake 11 I S (a) NT DD + + + 48 Rallus aquaticus water rail III 11/2 S + + + 49 Charadfius dubius little ringed plover 11 S + ? + 50 Charadrius hiaticula ringed plover 11 2 S (a) VU ? ? 51 Vanellus vanellus lapwing III 11/2 S (a) + + + 52 Actitis hypoleucos common sandpiper IlIl S ? ? +? 53 Scolopax rusticola woodcock III 2 11/1 111/2 H DD +? + ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont.
_> >O ( 0~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~C 0 0 ( Lp. Takson Name (english) o u
0 0o .- nCU w a. I E
54 Gallinago gallinago snipe Ill Il/ 111/2 S (a) ? + + 55 Limosa limosa black-tailed godwit III 11/2 S (a) ? + + 56 Tringa totanus redshank ll S ? + + 57 Tringa ochropus green sandpiper 11 S (a) ? + 58 Larus canus common gull Il 11/2 S + ? + 59 Larus ndibundus black-headed gull III 11/2 S + + + 60 Stema hirundo common tern 11 I S (a) + ? 61 Columba oenas stock dove Il 11/2 S ? + + 62 Columba palumbus wood pigeon Il/1 Ill/1 H + + + 63 Streptopelia decaocto collared dove III 11/2 S + + + 64 Streptopelia turtur turtle dove Il 11/2 S DD (R) + + + 65 Cuculus canorus cuckoo ll S + + + 66 Athene noctua little owl 11 S (a) ? ? ? 67 Glaucidium passennum pygmy owl 11 2 i S (a) NT ? ? ? 68 Strix aluco tawny owl 11 S + + + 69 Tyto alba barn owl 11 S (a) ? ? ? 70 Asio otus long-eared owl 11 S + + + 71 Aegolius funereus Tengmalm's owl 11 2 1 S (a) LC ? 72 Capnmulgus europaeus nightjar 1 S ? + 73 Apus apus swift ll S + + +? 74 Alcedo atthis kingfisher 11 S (a) + + + 75 Upupa epops hoopoe 1 S (a) DD ? +? + 76 Dendrocopos leucotos white-backed woodpecker 11 I S (a) NT ? 77 Dendrocopos major great spotted woodpecker 11 S + + + 78 Dendrocopos medius middle spotted woodpecker 11 I S (a) + + + 79 Dendrocopos minor lesser spotted woodpecker 11 S + + + 80 Dendrocopos syriacus syrian woodpecker 11 S ? ? 81 Dryocopus martius black woodpecker 11 S (a) ? + + 82 Jynx torquilla wryneck il S + + + 83 Picus canus grey-headed woodpecker 11 S (a) + + + 84 Picus viridis green woodpecker 1 S (a) ? + + 85 Alauda arvensis skylark II 11/2 S + + + ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont.
,. 0) 0 ( Lp. Takson Name (english) 0 a 2 i co o B a Z.
86 Galerida cristata crested lark IS DD ? + + 87 Lullula arborea woodlark liI S ? +? + 88 Delichon urbica house martin 11 S + + + 89 Hinundo rustica swallow 11 S + + + 90 Riparia riparia sand martin 11 S + + + 91 Anthus campestris tawny pipit 11 S + + + 92 Anthus pratensis meadow pipit 11 S ? + + 93 Anthus trivialis tree pipit 11 S + + + 94 Motacilla alba white wagtail 11 S + + + 95 Motacilla cinerea grey wagtail 11 S ? 96 Motacilla flava yellow wagtail 11 S + + + 97 Troglodytes troglodytes wren 11 S + + + 98 Prunella modularis dunnock S + ? +? 99 Erithacus rubecula robin 11 S + + + 100 Luscinia luscinia thrush nightingale 11 S + + 101 Luscinia megarhynchos nightingale 11 S + + + 102 Luscinia svecica bluethroat 11 S NT ? + + 103 Oenanthe oenanthe wheatear 11 S ? + + 104 Phoenicurus ochruros black redstart 11 S + + + 105 Phoenicurus phoenicurus redstart 11 S ? + + 106 Saxicola rubetra whinchat 11 S (R) + + + 107 Saxicola torquata stonechat il S + + + 108 Turdus iliacus redwing III 11/2 S 7 7 109 Turdus merula blackbird III 11/2 S + + + 110 Turdus philomelos song thrush III 11/2 S + + + 111 Turdus pilaris fieldfare IlIl S + + + 112 Turdus viscivorus mistle thrush III 11/2 S ? ? ? 113 Acrocephalus anundinaceus great reed warbler 11 S + + + 114 Acrocephalus palustris marsh warbler 11 S + + + 115 Acrocephalus schoenobaenus sedge warbler 11 S + + + 116 Acrocephalus scirpaceus reed warbler li S + + + ANNEX A LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
> U) U)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)( 0 0 Lp. Takson Name (english) 0 o =0 0 El E
117 Hippolais icterina icterine warbler S + + + 118 Locustella fluviatilis river warbler 11 S + + + 119 Locustella Iuscinioides Savi's warbler 11 S + + + 120 Locustella naevia grasshoper warbler 11 S + + + 121 Muscicapa striata spotted flycatcher 11 S ? + + 122 Phylloscopus collybita chiffchaff 11 S + + + 123 Phylloscopus sibilatrix wood warbler 11 S + + + 124 Phylloscopus trochilus willow warbler 11 S + + + 125 Regulus ignicapillus firecrest 11 S + + + 126 Regulus regulus goldcreast 11 S + + + 127 Sylvia atricapilla blackcap 11 S + + + 128 Sylvia borin garden warbler 11 S + + + 129 Sylvia communis whitethroat 11 S + + + 130 Sylvia curnuca lesser whitethroat 11 S + + + 131 Sylvia nisona barred warbler 1 S ? + + 132 Filcedula albicollis collared flycatcher 1 S + + + 133 Filcedula hypoleuca pied flycatcher 11 S ? + + 134 Filcedula parva red-breasted flycatcher 1 S +? + 135 Panurus biarmicus bearded tit 11 S LC ? ? ? 136 Aegithalos caudatus long-tailed tit ll S + + + 137 Parus ater coal tit 11 S ? + 138 Parus caeruleus blue tit 11 S + + + 139 Parus cristatus crested tit 11 S ? + + 140 Parus major great tit 11 S + + + 141 Parus montanus willow tit 11 S ? + + 142 Parus palustris marsh tit 11 S + + + 143 Sitta europaea nuthatch 11 S + + + 144 Certhia brachydactyla short-toed treecreeper 11 S + + + 145 Certhia familiaris treecreeper 11 S + + + 146 Remiz pendulinus penduline tit ll S + + + 147 Oriolus oriolus golden oriole 11 S + + + 148 Lanius collurio red-backed shrike 11 _ I S + + + ANNEXA -LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont
Lp. Takson Name (english) o' a. . m m I IE 149 Lanius excubitor great grey shrike 11 S + + + 150 Corvus corax raven 1 P + + + 151 Corvus comix hooded crow 11/2 P + + + 152 Corvus frugilegus rook 11/2 P ? + + 153 Corvus monedula jackdaw 11/2 S ? + + 154 Garrulus glandarius jay 11/2 S + + + 155 Pica pica magpie 11/2 P + + + 156 Stumus vulgaris starling 11/2 S + + + 157 Passer domesticus house sparrow S + + + 158 Passer montanus tree sparrow 111 S + + + 159 Carduelis cannabina linnet II S + + + 160 Carduelis carduelis goldfinch 11 S + + + 161 Carduelis chloris greenfinch 11 S + + + 162 Carpodacus erythrinus scarlet rosefinch 11 S + + + 163 Coccothraustes coccothraustes hawfinch 11 S + + + 164 Fringilla coelebs chaffinch 111 S + + + 165 Pyrrhula pyrrhula bullfinch 111 S ? + + 166 Serinus serinus serin 11 S + + + 167 Emberizia calandra corn bunting 111 S (R) + + + 168 Emberizia citrinella yellowhammer 11 S + + + 169 Emberizia hortulana ortolan bunting 1 I S (R) + + + 170 Embezia schoeniculus reed bunting _ S + + + ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
o> o 0W @(U) Lp. Takson Name (english) t0 c m n c o F Ew 0 _jE m I m) I 0. Q0.
A6. MAMMALS
1 Erinaceus europaeus western european hedgehog III S (a) + + + 2 Erinaceus concolor eastern european hedgehog S (a) + +? 3 Sorex araneus eurasian shrew Il S + + + 4 Sorex minutus eurasian pigmy shrew III S (R) + + + 5 Neomys fodiens eurasian water shrew IlIl S + + + 6 Crocidura suaveolens lesser shrew ll S + + + 7 Talpa europaea european mole P + + + 8 Myotis daubentonii Daubenton's bat 11 IV S + + 9 Myotis dasycneme pond bat 11 2 11IV S (a !!!) VU EN + 10 Myotis nattereri Natterer's bat 11 IV S + + 11 Myotis mystacinus/brandtii whiskered / Brandt's bat 11 IV S + + 12 Myotis myotis mouse-eared bat 11 11IV S (LR)NT + 13 Pipistrellus pipstrellus common pipistrella IlIl IV S + + 14 Pipistrellus pygmaeus soprano pipistrella 11 IV S + 15 Pipistrellus nathusii Nathusius's pipistrella 11 IV S + + 16 Nyctalus noctula noctule 11 IV S + + 17 Nyctalus leisleri Leisler's noctule 11 2 IV S (LR)NT VU + 18 Eptesicus serotinus serotina 11 IV S + + 19 Plecotus auritus brown big-eared bat 11 IV S + + 20 Plecotus austriacus gray big-eared bat 11 IV S + 21 Barbastella barbastellus western barbastelle 11 2 11IV S VU DD + 22 Sciurus vulgaris red squirrel IlIl S NT (V) + 23 Glis glis fat dormouse IlIl S (a) (LR)NT NT + +? 24 Muscardinus avenallarius hazel dormouse IlIl IV S (a) (LR)NT (R) + 25 Mustela erminea ermine IlIl S + 26 Mustela nivalis least weasel IlIl S + + 27 Lutra lutra common otter 11 11IV P NT + + 28 Castor fiber eurasian beaver IlIl i V P NT + + 29 Micromys minutus harvest mouse P (LR)NT (R) + 30 Arvicola terrestris european water vole P + 31 Apodemus sylvaticus long-tailed field mouse P + ANNEXA -LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont.
0 0 Lp. Takson Name (english) L) L) L LU .Jto _(U E
32 Cervus elaphus elk 111 H + 33 Capreolus capreolus western roe deer 111 H + 34 Sus scrofa wild boar H + 35 Vulpes vulpes red fox H + 36 Meles meles eurasian badger 111 H + + + 37 Mustela putorius european polecat 111 V H + 38 Martes martes european pine marten III V H + 39 Martes foina beech marten 111 H + + + 40 Ondatra zibethica muskrat H + 41 Lepus europaeus european hare 111 H +
Explanations (signes in columns):
i. Bern Convention: I - Annex I (strictly protected flora species) 11- Annex 11(strictly protected fauna species) III -Annex Ill (protected fauna species)
ii. Bonn Convention: I - Annex I 11-Annex 11
iii. CITES: I - Annex I 11-Annex 11
iv. Bird directive 7914091EEC: I - Annex I (bird species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special protection areas - SPA) I1/1 - Annex I1/1 11/2 - Annex 11/2 111/1 -Annex 111/1 111/2 - Annex 111/2 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont v. Habitat directive 92143/EEC: II - Annex II (animal and plant species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation - SAC) IV - Annex IV (animal and plant species of community interest in need of strict protection) V - Annex V (animal and plant species of community interest whose taking in the wild and exploitation may be subject to management measures) *- priority species vi. Polish status of protection: S - strictly protected taxa and: (a) - active protection methods required; (!!!) - priority of protection over any other form of management P - partly protected taxa H - species protected by hunting/game law (intermittent protection) Z - protected buffer zone arround species localities
vii. classification based on IUCN Red List categories (mainly on ver. 3.1. from 2000) where particular symbols depicting differences in extiction risk: sources (in accordance): IRL (international red list) - on line IUCN red list database: www.redlist.org PRL (Polish red lists) - List of threatened plants in Poland 1992; Polish red data book of plants 2001; Red list of threatened animals in Poland 2002 RRL (regional red lists) - Endangered vascular plants of Lower Silesia 2003; Opolskie voivodship's red data book of plants 2002; Red list of vascular plants of upper Silesia 1996 categories (in brackets "old" one): RE - regionally extinct CR - critically endangered EN (E) - endangered VU (V) - vulnerable NT - near threatened (also used LR - lower risk) LC - least concern (also used LR - lower risk) DD - data deficient LR - lower risk NT + LC (wider category from ver. 3.0.) (R) - rare
viii. localities of listed taxa in three sections: Racib Res - Raciborz reservoir; WWS - Wroclaw Water System; Imp. Area - the impact area between Raciborz and Olawa + - occurence ? - probably occurence A7. List of fish fauna available in project area
Latin name Polish name English name RL I RG I HG MG NATIVE SPECIES
1 Petromyzon marinus minog morski Sea lamprey CE LITH RH LAC 2 Eudontomyzon mariae minog ukrainski Ukrainian lamprey EN LITH RH POT 3 Lampetra fluviatilis minog rzeczny River lamprey EN LITH RH LAC 4 Lampetra planeri minog strumieniowy Brook lamprey NT LITH RH POT 5 Acipenser sturio jesiotr zachodni Sturgeon EX LITH RH LAC 6 Anguilla anguilla wegorz Eel CD EUR LAC 7 Alosa alosa aloza Allis shad EN RH LAC 8 Alosa fallax parposz Twaite shad CE RH LAC 9 Barbus barbus brzana Barbel EN LITH RH POT 10 Carassius carassius karas Crucian carp LC PHYT LI 11 Gobio gobio kielb Gudgeon LC PSAM RH 12 Romanogobio albipinnatus kielb bialopletwy Whitefin gudgeon NT LITH RH 13 Tinca tinca lin Tench LC PHYT LI 14 Rhodeus amarus rozanka Bitterling NT OSTR LI 15 Abramis brama leszcz Bream LC PHLI EUR POT 16 Abramis bjoerkna krap White bream LC PHLI EUR 17 Abramis ballerus rozpior Blue bream LC LITH RH 18 Vimba vimba certa Zahrte (Vimba) CE LITH RH POT 19 Rutilus rutilus ploc Roach LC PHLI EUR 20 Scardinius erythrophthalmus wzdrega Rudd LC PHYT LI 21 Chondrostoma nasus swinka Nase EN LITH RH POT 22 Aspius aspius bolen Asp LC LITH EUR POT 23 Leucaspius delineatus slonecznica Sunbleak LC PHYT LI 24 Eupallasiella perenurus strzebla blotna Lake minnow CE PHYT LI 25 Phoxinus phoxinus strzebla potokowa Minnow LC LITH RH 26 Leuciscus leuciscus jelec Dace LC LITH RH 27 Leuciscus cephalus klen Chub LC LITH RH POT 28 Leuciscus idus jaz Ide LC PHLI RH POT 29 Pelecus cultratus ciosa Ziege CE EUR POT 30 Albumus albumus ukleja Bleak LC PHLI EUR 31 Albumoides bipunctatus piekielnica Spirlin, Schneider CE LITH RH 32 Cobitis taenia koza Spined loach LC PHYT EUR 33 Cobitis elongatoides koza dunajska DD 34 Sabanejevia aurata koza ziotawa Golden loach CE 35 Misgumus fossilis piskorz Weatherfish NT PHYT LI 36 Barbatula barbatulus sliz Stone loach LC LITH RH 37 Silurus glanis sum Wels NT PHYT EUR 38 Esox lucius szczupak Pike LC PHYT EUR 39 Osmerus eperlanus stynka Smelt VU EUR 40 Coregonus albula sielawa Vendace VU LITH LI 41 Coregonus lavaretus sieja Whitefish EN LITH EUR POT Latin name Polish name English name RL RG HG MG 42 Thymallus thymallus lipien Grayling VU LITH RH POT 43 Salmo salar losos Atlantic salmon CD LITH RH LAC 44 Salmo trutta trutta troc wedrowna Trout CD LITH RH LAC 45 Salmo trutta lacustris troc jeziorowa Lake trout CE LITH 46 Salmo trutta fario pstrag potokowy Brown trout LC LITH RH 47 Lota Iota mietus Burbot VU LITH EUR POT 48 Pungitius pungitius cierniczek Ninespined stickleback LC PHYT LI EUR 49 Gasterosteus aculeatus ciernik stickleback LC PHYT RH 50 Cottus gobio glowacz bialopletwy Bullhead VU LITH RH 51 Cottus poecilopus glowacz pregopletwy Alpine bullhead VU LITH 52 Perca fluviatilis okon Perch LC PHLI EUR 53 Gymnocephalus cemuus jazgarz Ruffe LC PHLI EUR 54 Sander lucioperca sandacz Pikeperch LC PHYT EUR EXOTIC SPECIES 1 Cyprinus carpio karp Carp Y LI 2 Carassius auratus karas srebrzysty Goldfish Y PHYT 3 Ctenopharyngodon idella amur Grass carp Y EUR 4 Pseudorasbora parva czebaczek amurski Stone moroco Y LI 5 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix tolpyga biala Silver carp Y LI 6 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis tolpyga pstra Bighead carp Y LI 7 Ictalurus nebulosus sumik karlowaty Y 8 Clarias geriepinus sum afrykanski Y 9 Umbra krameri mulawka dunajska European mudminnow Y PHYT LI mulawka wschodnio- Eastern mudminnow Y LI 10 Umbra pygmea amerykanska 11 Coregonus peled peluga Northern whitefish Y LITH LI POT 12 Coregonus muksun muksun Y 13 Thmallus baicalensis lipien bajkalski Baical black grayling Y LITH 14 Hucho hucho glowacica Danube salmon Y LITH RH POT 15 Salvelinus fontinalis pstrag zrodlany Brook char Y LITH RH POT 16 Oncorhynchus mykiss pstrag teczowy Rainbow trout Y LITH RH 17 Microptenus salmoides bass wielkogeby Large-mouth bass Y PHYT 18 Lepomis gibbosus bass sloneczny Pumpkinseed Y LI 19 Oreochromis niloticus tilapia nilowa Nile tilapia Y
Explanation: RL - Polish Red list: EX - extinct; CE - Critically endangered; EN - endangered; VU - vulnerable; CD - conservation dependent; NT - near threatened; LC - least concern; DD - data deficient; Y - alien. RG - Reproductive guild: LITH - lythophils; OSTR - ostracophils; PHLI - phytolithophils; PHYT - phytophils; PSAM - psammophils. HG - Habitat guild: EUR - euryokous; LI - lithophilous; RH - rheophilious. MG - type of migration: LAC - long-distance migrators, anadromous; POT - potadromous ANNEX B
IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE ODRA RIVER I
i i
i
I ANNEX B* IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS
Details of potentially affected sites by the construction and operation of the Raciborz reservoir
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks I bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir 1. Meander Odry / ca. 25 / L+r ca. 170 ha S-P; o OChK; not sufficient No impact International Boundary (habitats level of protection ecological corridor Meander of Odra code: 3150, Potential Natura of upper Odra - river 3270) site (SAC) 19m ECONET PL "Graniczny Meander Odry" (PLH 240013) 165.6 ha 2. Wielikat / ca. 35 I R ca. 700 ha W ZPK Wielikat No direct impact, Monitoring of water International Wielikat Ponds (636.96 ha); but during quality (verifying ecological corridor not sufficient level construction phase of the possible of upper Odra - of protection possibility of minor influence of coal 19m ECONET PL Potential Natura damages waste deposit site site (SPA) "Stawy (the vicinity in Bukow); Wielikat i Ligota of the lateral Water outflow Tworkowska" embankment) system from (PLB 240004) Possibilities Wielikat ponds ca. 972.5 ha of reverting/damage should be studied IBA PL121 of water outflow and thoroughly (Important Bird system of Wielikat designed Area) ponds by creation of the barrier (lateral embankment) ANNEX B -IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks I bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir
3. Las Tworkowski cca. 35 L ca. 170 ha F-U; G-C, W Not protected! Risk of damage Creation of buffer International Tworkowski (habitats Potential Natura during construction zone during ecological corridor Forest code: 91 FO) site (SAC) "Las kolo During Operation construction; of upper Odra - Tworkowa" of Raciborz Ecological and 19m ECONET PL 125.9 ha reservoir: hydrological Largest surviving Flooding by floods monitoring; remnants of partly with return period Improvement active alluvial forest more than 8-10 ovemem andbetween Kedzierzyn- Ostrava yearsforyearsfoofrwatersystempriods within forestKoe of 8-14 days, complexKzie depending of reservoir management
4. Starorzecza w ca. 40-45 I L ca. 150 ha S-P; c; o, W. Not protected! Risk of damage Creation of buffer International Sudole / Oxbows 0 during construction zone during ecological corridor in Sudol Flooding by floods construction of upper Odra - with return period Conversion I 9m ECONET PL more than 8-10 of arable fields into Largest oxbow lake years for periods meadows, complex in Upper of 8-14 days, especially along Odra valley depending the Odra channel of reservoir and present Psina management outlet; Improvement and strengthening of ecological connection with Las Tworkowski Ecological
______m on itoring ______ANNEX B * IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont. No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks / bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir 5. Laki na E od ca. 40 km / R ca. 20-30 ha m Not protected! Partly within Protection of the International Nieboczowa Raciborz reservoir remnants of the wet ecological corridor (Nieboczowych) / and beneath meadows along of Upper Odra - Meadows E of the lateral dike the ailway road 19m ECONET PL Nieboczowa Risk of damage (below and over it) The total area (Nieboczowych) during construction Avoiding possible of meadows damages (ground diminished in last excavation for years, but there are dikes; building still some remnants of the main dam in small valleys and left lateral dike) along the railway road 6. Stawy w Brzeziu ca. 45/ R ca. 50 ha F-A; m; W; 0 Not protected! Inundation Creation of buffer International I Brzezie Ponds Trapa natans probability reduced; zone around ponds ecological corridor and Meadows Situated just behind against around them of Upper Odra - th andmencroachment 19m ECONET PL of Raciborz of reservoir reservoir.:investments possibility (building of the of damage during main dam); the construction Ecological of the main dam. and hydrological Supply by natural monitoring streams will be of ground water blocked by the level and quality reservoir ANNEX B* IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks / bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir 7. Lezczok / ca. 55-60 I R ca. 600 ha G-C; F-A, m, Nature reserve No direct impact International Lezczok Ponds W, O LP "Cysterskie ecological corridor Trapa natans Kompozycje of Upper Odra - Krajobrazowe Rud ~~~~19m ECONET PL (habitats Wielkich" Outside the active code: 3130; Wekc"flood plain Misgurnus Potential Natura fossilis) site (SAC) "Stawy Lt,zczok" (PLH 240010) 583.1 ha 8. Leg w Starym ca. 85-90 I R ca. 50 ha F-A Not protected! Impact is that Detailed study International Kozlu / Riverine LP "Cysterskie probability of local water ecological corridor Forest in Stare Kompozycje of flooding resources and their of Upper Odra - Kozle Krajobrazowe Rud is reduced almost management 19m ECONET PL Wielkich" to zero Ecological Small but important and hydrological remnant of monitoring deciduous swampy of ground water forest between level Kedzierzyn-Kozle and Kuznia Raciborska ANNEX B * IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks / bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir 9. Leg ca. 100-110 I ca. 800 ha S-P; F-U; G- OChK; not sufficient Impact is that Detailed study International Zdzeszowicki / L C; m; o; W; 0 level of protection probability of local water ecological Zdzieszowicki corridor Upstream part of of flooding resources and their of Upper Odra Riverine Forest - the potential Natura is strongly reduced management 19m ECONET PL sites (SAC) Improvement of Largest remnant "Opolska Dolina water system within of riverine forest Odry" forest complex complexes in the (PLH 240013) (ditches etc.) Upper Odra Valley 3 739.7 ha Ecological and between Opole hydrological and Polish-Czech monitoring of border ground water level Verification of the Stradunia polder concept downstream of Leg Zdzieszowicki forests (accordingly to OAA flooded area reduced about half) 10. Dolina Odry ca. 100-110 / ca. 1 000- S-P; F-U; G- Not protected! Minor changes in Ecological International pomiqdzy Zuzela L+R 1 500 ha C; o; W; 0 Downstream part of flood regime a Rogowem and hydrological ecological corridor Potential Natura predicted monitoring of upper Odra - Opolskim I Odra site (SAC) "Opolska of ground water 19m ECONET PL valley between Dolina Odry" (PLH level Zuzela and 240013) 3 739.7 ha Rogow Opolski ANNEX B - IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks / bank area habitat types protectioniproposal Raciborz reservoir 11. Dolina Odry ca. 162-182 / ca. 2 500 ha S-P; F-U; G- Upper part of Minor changes in Ecological International core pomie,dzy L+R C; o; W; 0 Natura sites (SPA) flood regime and hydrological area of middle Odra Zelazna a "Grady Odrzanskie" predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL ujsciem Nysy (PLB 020003) (drying of small of ground water Klodzkiej / Odra 20 461.3 ha forest area) level valley between IBA PL090 Improvement of Zelazna and (Important Bird water system within Nysa Klodzka Area) forest complex confluence (ditches etc.)
12. Dolina Odry ca. 182-197 / ca. 2 500 ha S-P; F-U; G- Upper part of Minor changes in Ecological International core pomiedzy L+R C; c; o; W; 0; Natura site (SPA) flood regime and hydrological area of middle Odra ujsciem Nysy Trapa natans "Grady Odrzanskie" predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL Klodzkiej a (PLB 020003) (drying of some of ground water Brzegiem (habitats 20 461.3 ha small meadows and level Opolskim / Odra code: 3150, IBA PLO90 wetlands area Improvement valley between 3270, (Important Bird around Stobrawa of water system Nysa Klodzka 6440,91 FO; Area) confluence) within forest confluence and Gobio (ditches etc.) BrzegOpoiski I ~~~~~~~Uppermost part of (ice t. alCerambyxa potential Natura site Ceramby (SAC) "Grady w ceauidoe, dolinie Odry" nausithous,
M . tele ius) ______ANNEX B IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont. No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks / bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir 13. Dolina Odry ca. 200-222 I ca. 5000 ha S-P; F-U; G- Not sufficient level Inundated area will Ecological International core pomie,dzy I+R C; m; c; o; W; of protection be reduced and hydrological area of Middle Odra Brzegiem 0 especially monitoring - 19M ECONET PL Opolskim a (habitats Middle section of in the Olawa-Lipki of ground water Olawa / Odra code: 3150 Natura Site (SPA) polder level valley between 3270, "Grady Odrzanskie" Improvement Brzeg Opolski 6440,91 F, (PLB 020003) of water system and Olawa 20 461.3 ha within forest
Gobiointu, IBA PLO90 complex - Cerambyx (Important Bird restoration of water Ceramby Area) system (ditches Maculinea Nature Reserves etc.) nausithous, "Grodzisko M. teleius) Ryczynskie" 1.75 ha; "Kanigora" 4.36 ha; "Zwierzyniec" 8.96 ha; UE "Laka Zimowitowa" Uppermost part of Potential Natura sites (SAC) "Grady w dolinie Odry" 8 026,9 ha Proposed LP "Dolina Odry II" ANNEX B - IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont.
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks / bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir
14 Dolina Odry ca. 222-250 cca. 8 000 ha S-P; F-U; Downstream Minor changes Ecological International core pomie,dzy Olawa L+R G-C; m; c; o; section of Natura in flood regime and hydrological area of Middle Odra a Wroclawiem/ W; 0 site (SPA) "Grady predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL Odra valley (habitats Odrzanskie" of ground water between Olawa code: 3150 (PLB 020003) level and Wroclaw 3270, 20 461.3 ha Improvement 6440,91 F0; IBA PLO90 of water system Gobio (Important Bird within forest albipinnatus, Area) complex - Cerambyx Uppermost part restoration of water cerdo, of potential Natura system (ditches Maculinea site (SAC) "Grady etc.) nausithous, w dolinie Odry" M. teleius) 8 026.9 ha Proposed LP
______"Dolina Odry II?"
15 Widawa valley L+R 909 Habitats Potential Natura Minor changes in Ecological International core near outlet to code: site (SAC) "Dolina flood regime and hydrological area of Middle Odra Odra Valley 3150, 6440, Widawy" predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL 9170, 91F0 of ground water Large complex of forests and wet Improvement of meadows in the water system within Widawa and Odra forest complex - valleys restoration of water system (ditches ______~~~~etc.) ANNEX B -IMPA CTS OF THE RA CIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont.
Symbols in columns: Location (km) I bank: L, I = left; R, r = right; CAPITAL letter for dominant side; Dominant habitat types: - Forest: S-P = Salici-Populetum; F-U = Ficario-Ulmetum (Ulmenion minoris); G-C = Galio-Carpinetum; F-A = Fraxino-Alnetum & Ribeso-Alnetum - Meadows: m = Molinion; c = Cnidion; o =other flood meadows - Wetlands with reeds and sedges vegetation: W - Oxbows / ponds with hydrophytes: 0 The most important habitats are underlined I
i I ANNEX C
PROJECT WORKS IN MODERNIZATION OF WFS i
I
I ANNEX C -LIST OF WORKS IN MODERNIZATION OF WFS
Project works in modernization of WFS Nr Work 1 Improvement of Kotowice-Siedlce embankment 2 Heightening of left side Olawka polder embankment 3 Improvement of Blizanowice-Trestno embankment 4 Improvement of Opatowice embankment 5 Heightening of Now Dom embankment 6 Heightening and improvements to the Janowice embankment 7 Construction of new Jeszkowice embankment 8 Improvement of Kamieniec Wroclawski-Wojnow embankment 9 Improvement of the Zacisze-Zalesie embankment 10 Improvement of the Rozanka embankment 11 Reconstruction of the Redzin embankment 12 Reconstruction of the Lesica embankment 13 Improvement of the Szczepin embankment 14 Construction of the new Kozanow embankment 15 Improvement of the Kozanow embankment 16 Improvement of the Maslice embankment 17 Heightening of the Pracze Odrzanskie embankment 18 Construction of new embankment and improvement to existing one at Janowek WWTP 19 Removal of the Paniowice polder embankment 20 Completion of the Siechnice-Groblice embankment 21 Construction of a new boulevard along City Channel 22 Repairs to boulevards within Downtown Water System 23 Protection of Popowice harbour 24 Increasing of City Channel capacity 25 Increasing of Flood Channel capacity 26 Increasing of Old Odra capacity along City Channel 27 Increasing of Odra river bed capacity downstream of old Odra to Widawa river confluence 28 Increasing of Flood Channel capacity under Swojczycki bridge (Chrobrego) 29 Increasing of Flood Channel capacity under Jagiellonski bridge capacity including sill construction 30 Increasing of capacity under Warszawski road bridge 31 Increasing of capacity under Warszawski railway bridge 32 Increasing of capacity under Trzebnicki bridge 33 Increasing of capacity under Osobowicki bridge 34 Increasing of capacity under Poznanskie railway bridges 35 Modernization of the existing Flood Gate 36 Modernization of the City Navigation lock, incl. reconstr. of gates for high water discharge 37 Development of Rozanka barrage 38 Reconstruction of permanent sill at Wroclaw I Power Plant 39 Improvement of hydraulic conditions at Redzin barrage 40 Flap gated weir 3 x 20m opening 41 New spans of road and railway bridge over Odra-Widawa Channel 42 New spans of road bridge over Widawa valley 43 Increasing of capacity under the bridge over Old Widawy in Psary 44 Construction of new embankments in Widawa valley 45 Heightening and widening of the embankments in Widawa valley 46 Removal of the embankments in Widawa valley I
i i ANNEX D
PUBLIC CONSUTLATION
Dl. Summary of meeting WWF and EA team on January 26TH, 2005
D2. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting in Wroclaw on June 3 0 TH, 2005
D3. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting in Raciborz on July 1 ST, 2005
D4. Letter received from PTPP "pro Natura" I i i iI
i I ANNEXD* PUBLIC CONSULTATION
Dl. Meeting WWF and EA team on January 26th 2005, Wroclaw
Present: Mr Georg Rast - Hydrologist WWF Germany Mr Piotr Nieznanski - WWF Poland Odra Project Dr Marek Krukowski - EA team Mr Reitse Koopmans - EA team
Objective: Scoping session, what are problems and possible suggestions to be included in EA-ORFPP? General recommendations WWF: * Key issue: - Let small floods happen! * Influence on Upper Odra (Meander) - reduction of retention not taking into account in hydro model for Racib6rz; * New embankments in Opole woi. not taken into consideration; * Dry reservoir is recommended - but strengthening of ecological corridor needed; * Operational rules in the reservoir have to be changed to reduce impact on forest habitats inside and downstream of reservoir; * Detailed study recommended - depth of flooding in riparian forest; * Detailed inventory (soils, relief, hydrology, ecology) needed. Las Tworkowski * Study on potential impacts of flow velocity inside reservoir needed; * Possible training of the forest (manage artificial flooding); * Potential compensation measures.
Lezczok lakes and ponds * Flood protection plans (1998) not taken into account; * What is the influence of Racib6rz dry Polder on the tributary river Plinc river and Legon river?
Others * Recommended dike opening south from Kozle (km 87) close to Brzezce; * Flood protection system should be discussed in IKSO. Leg Zdzieszowicki * Potential ecological impacts - due to lowering of flood level and frequency; * Calculation for 5 years water needed.
Concrete proposals for mitigation/compensation of impacts ORFPP, short-term: * Study on effects of Raciborz reservoir management on hydrological effects downstream of the reservoir (alteration of flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effects on river and floodplain habitats, i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife); * Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negative effects; ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
* Study on effects of reservoir management on hydrological effects in the reservoir (alteration of flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effects on river and floodplain habitats, i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife); * Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negative effects; * Special interest is to be put on N2000-site "Las Tworkowski" (see note of EU on consideration of shadow list for N2000 sites); * Integration of requirements and description of improved reservoir operation rules for minimizing negative effects for both sections (downstream of and within the reservoir), e.g. minimizing flood wave alteration for minor floods which are elementary for functioning floodplain ecosystems downstream, i.e. no retention for floods less than 10 % probability or, even better, minimizing retention of flood waves with no risk for flood defence system downstream based on advanced flood forecasting and warning; * Description of negative effects which are not avoidable.
As these studies require active involvement of governmental water administration a review by independent experts is strongly recommended.
According to Water Framework Directive - WFD (COM 2000/60/EC), the reservoir must provide passage facilities to secure river continuum processes, i.e. fish passage and flowing conditions in Odra riverbed upstream the barrage. ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont. D2. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting on June 30 th, 2005, 11.00 hrs, at the Agricultural University of Wroclaw
Issue/Question Raised by whom Answer/Covered by EA On EIA procedure: There is inconformity between overall EA (World Bank) P. Nieznanski This EA is prepared on basis of designs in feasibility study and EIA procedures described in Polish law. - WWF Poland and some updates; local ElAs of sub-components will be needed WWF Poland' upon completion of final designs. Public consultation process is divided in discussion J. Engel The selected solution is a compromise between about two separate components wishes of 3 investors (A & B), - WWF Poland and various requests of different parties and local communities. which functionally cannot be separated. Misleading information on participants of consultations K. Smolnicki Will be corrected in final version EA. during feasibility study in Annex EA. - Lower Silesian Ecological Foundation A Strategic Impact Assessment for the whole ORFPP J. Engel Out of scope for this meeting. project would be needed. - WWF Poland
Comment received in letter ANNEXD- PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
On Project concepts (WFS): Other methods and solutions for the flood protection P. Nieznanski Have been investigated during feasibility studies, but out of scope of Odra valley. - WWF Poland in this meeting. Was the final choice of option IV based on EIA J. Engel No, but environmental and social considerations played an important role. procedures of the initial four options considered - WWF Poland in feasibility study. What are the selection criteria used in selecting the final J. Engel Technical, social and environmental considerations mentioned option of ORFPP. - WWF Poland in feasibility study. Details are out of scope for this meeting. Relation between ORFPP and previous project to install R. Gawlik Out of EA scope. Will be updated in SMOK (Component C2). full digital flood forecasting system, predicting and - Eko-Unia Association modelling of floods on the Odra and Wisla River basins. The need for the evaluation of flood protection effects R. Gawlik Out of scope for this meeting. of SMOK and other projects promoted by World Bank. - Eko-Unia Association Could modernisation of WFS prevent the flood losses J. Engel Yes, provided Raziborz dry polder could be completed soonest, comparable to this from 1997. - WWF Poland since flood risks for Wroclaw have increased after modernization WWF Poland' of embankments in Kedzierzyn-Kozle and Opole. What is the influence of the weirs and barrages W. Jankowski Out of scope for this meeting. The issue has been studied in detail and other hydraulic structures on the flood water passage - Pro Natura during feasibility study. through WFS. Why was impact of projected Kamieniec Zabkowicki A. Dubicki EA is restricted to options studied in feasibility studies. reservoir on the reduction of flood peak in WFS - IMGW Warsaw not included in EA.
' Comment received in letter ANNEXD *PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont On design: Possibility to obtain additional benefits for natural A. Adamski Interesting and valuable comment, which environment by has to be worked out optimizing designs widening - Pro Natura during preparation of local ElAs. Odra Channel 1 between Redzin and Widawa outlet Pro Natura See attached letter Pro Natura (task no 27) and modernization Olawka polder (task no 8). The absence of co-ordination of embankments' A. Adamski The road infrastructure modernisation is not coordinated with design prepared with the plans of new bypass road - Pro Natura for ORFPP (component B - WFS). Bielany-Lany-Dlugoleka. Pro Natural See attached letter Pro Natura On agricultural land use: Purchase of land as compensation measure W. Jankowski Land to be purchased should have potential for development and promoting of pastures and haylands of natural - Pro Natura habitats; EA recommends no arable cropping in unprotected parts as a replacement of arable fields on flood plain areas. of the floodplain. On impacts on natural habitats and biota: The basis of the EA should be detailed field inventories J. Engel There were several field of species. visits on the area of WFS and Raciborz - WWF Poland reservoir. The detailed list of protected biota is included into Main Report. There is a need for inventories of natural habitats P. Nieznanski The need for detailed inventories was described in EA. Detailed ElAs in the area covered by the ORFPP (WFS component). - WWF Poland are prepared on basis of detailed field surveys for two works (No 1 & 3) VvWF Poland' of which final designs recently have been completed. The impact of enlargement (deepening and widening) W. Jankowski Could only be covered by EA in general terms, since designs of Odra riverbed on protected species. - Pro Natura were not ready. Assessment of detailed impacts during local EIA.
Comments received by letter ANNEXD PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont
On Natura 2000 sItes: EA does not include the comparative analysis J. Engel EA was prepared for the option IV which was selected during feasibility for all considered variants of ORFPP - WWF Poland study on basis of technical, social and environmental criteria (accordingly to article 6 of Habitat Directive). by engineering consultant (2004). No detailed description and quantification of impacts J. Engel Impossible because of lack of data. on Natura 2000 sites (area, habitats, species) in order - WWF Poland This will be subject of detailed hydro-biological surveys and installation to maintain adequate protection level as required of monitoring networks in those parts of Natura 2000 sites influenced by Nature Conservation Law. by the ORFPP (from Raciborz down to Brzeg Dolny).
Detailed mitigation and compensation measures P. Nieznanski Local ElAs will be prepared upon completion of final designs of WFS. could be based only after the preparation of the detailed - WWF Poland The need for detailed inventories is described in EA. Some proposals EIA for Natura 2000 sites. presented in EA are based on the knowledge and experience of consultants. Impacts of modernization of WFS on Natura 2000 site P. Nieznanski Local ElAs will be prepared upon completion of final designs of WFS. "Dolina Widawy". - WWF Poland The need for detailed inventories is described in EA. Impacts of modernization of WFS on Natura 2000 site WWF Poland The impact area of ORFPP extends from Raciborz reservoir "Grady Odrzanskie". to Brzeg Dolny. The need for detailed survey was described in EA. The absence of EIA on Natura 2000 sites K. Swierkosz The EA indicates the need for local ElAs for all investments ("Grady Odrzanskie", "Dolina Widawy"). - Polish Ecological Club having potential impacts on Natura 2000 sites. Some general remarks are included into EA. The plans for reconstruction of Widawa valley K. Swierkosz Detailed designs are under preparation and not yet completed. and enlargement of capacity of flood channel - Polish Ecological Club In opinion of Hydroprojekt representative no enlargement of Widawa and dredging of Widawa riverbed are vague and unclear. riverbed is foreseen. Only some general mitigation measures In the past (2004) renaturization of Widawa River are mentioned in EA. Potential impacts/mitigation and possible has been promissed. renaturization of Widawa River should be covered by local EIA. Localization of planned borrow pit Oborniki Slaskie Gminal Not covered by EA but it needs local EIA. in the area of Paniowice polder Conflicting situation with Natura 2000 site "Dolina Widawy". New bridge proposal on the Widawa river Oborniki Slaskie Gminal Not covered by EA but it needs local EIA. (road Wroclaw-Oborniki Slaskie) Conflict with Natura 2000 site "Dolina Widawy".
' Comments received by letter ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont. D3. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting on July 1st, 2005,10.00 hrs, at the Strzecha Community Centre in Raciborz
Issue/Question Raised by whom Answer/Covered by EA On EIA procedure: Insufficient information has been provided to local D. Serwacinska Invitations have been sent to 31 government organisations and regional NGOs about public consultation and 9 ngo's. procedure. - Center of Natural Others were invited by advertisement in local weekly magazines Heritage of Upper Silesia and publication on website RZGW. Has a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) for the modelling P. Nieznanski No, it is questionable whether DTM is sufficiently of inundated area in the accurate to assess Odra valley been used? - WWF Poland detailed impacts on Natura sites. What can be done about the loan in case of very adverse P. Nieznanski Not very likely development in view of impacts on Natura sites major benefits of ORFPP caused by the project requiring - WWF Poland of which the Raciborz polder is essential drastic changes or even complete component. However the loan or partly cancellation could be only be partly used if certain components of the Raciborz reservoir. would be cancelled. On project concepts: Questions the economic justification of ORFPP for flood R. Madej Project is justified by detailed hydraulic studies and economic analyses protection of Raciborz and Wroclaw; justification - Defence Committee during feasibility study Further discussion is out of scope of this meeting. for the Raciborz reservoir project could not be based Village Nieboczowy on the results of 1997 flood. Questions the justification of reconstruction of old R. Madej Out of scope for this meeting. embankments after 1997 flood. Insufficient modernization - Defence Committee works of Ulga (bypass) channel in Raciborz have been Village Nieboczowy carried out. L. Wandelberger - village administrator of Nieboczowy The impact of Raciborz reservoir on inhabitants R. Madej Defence Committee of Nieboczowy alternative was rejected during feasibility study. Social village - the residents proposal - Defence Committee impacts are covered by RAP, for the alternative which will be discussed in other meeting. embankment of the polder Village Nieboczowy Out of scope for this meeting. and protection of Nieboczowy village, reservations L. Wandelberger on RAP, relocation of Nieboczowy, excluding Lapacz. - village administrator Nieboczowy ANNEXD - PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
On Reservoir operation: Why is reservoir designed to pass only once in 10 year P. Nieznanski Technically it is possible that floods up to 10 year flood could pass flood and not less frequent floods. - WWF Poland uncontrolled. Operational rules will be prepared by balancing minimal ecological impacts and maximum safety for people and property. Discussion on this subject is included in EA. How to minimize the adverse impacts downstream A. Adamski The need for optimization of operational rules for Raciborz reservoir of Raciborz reservoir on Natura 2000 sites - Pro Natura is described in EA. The EA should be supported by quantitative data (especially on riverine habitats). P. Nieznanski on reduced flood frequencies and reduction of inundated area of riverine WWF Poland habitats during flood events, to be determined by hydro-biological - inventories and monitoring studies of downstream Natura 2000 sites. D. Serwacinska - Center of Natural Heritage of Upper Silesia
On wet option: What are the prospects for the wet option (stage l1l) A. Adamski The polder will be dry reservoir, at least in the next few decades. of Raciborz reservoir, which will be disastrous - Pro Natura What will be done in future is for next generations to decide. development for the Tworkowski Forest. Why is the dry reservoir designed as a wet reservoir? J. Engel The structure is designed to operate a dry reservoir, but eventually could - WWF Poland be converted into a permanent structure, which is navigable for ships. The damage of Tworkowski Forest in the wet option D. Serwacinska The decision has been taken that reservoir will be a dry one. Not relevant.. (after 50 years). - Center of Natural Heritage of Upper Silesia A wet reservoir will create possibilities for recreation P. Klima There will be a dry reservoir; recreation potential of wet reservoir is low, and tourist development (sailing etc.). - Raciborz city councillor because permanent damming reduces safety and there will be problems with maintaining water quality (eutrophication and pollution of surface water). In case of wet reservoir there is no compensation D. Serwacinska Not relevant. for the problems of downstream erosion and its influence - Center of Natural on the floodplain. Heritage of Upper Silesia Need of compensation measures and enhancement of D. Serwacinska Not relevant. Odra valley biocorridor in the case of wet reservoir (300 m - Center of Natural wide new bio-corridor). Heritage of Upper Silesia ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont The higher benefits for flood protection of the dry polder D. Serwacinska Confirmed by feasibility study. than wet option. - Center of Natural _ Heritage of Upper Silesia On groundwater pollution: No solution is given for impact of coal dump disposal near Defence Committee Predicted impacts are Bukow on environment. described in EA but problem needs detailed study. for Protection against Responsibility is with Voivod, not RZGW. This issue was first recognized Resettlement Village by the EA consultants team. Nieboczowy The impact of Raciborz reservoir on ground water. J. Engel Partly covered by EA - some predictions of the impact of coal dump - WWF Poland on water quality near Bukow. On socio-economic development: What is contribution of Czech Republic into ORFPP. P. Klima Czech side is informed on project details, but no involvement - Raciborz city councillor in implementation. The inadequate consultation process with Nieboczowy P. Klima Out of EA scope. Covered by RAP. inhabitants. - Raciborz city councillor Will there be any impact of the Odra-Danube channel. P. Klima This project is shelved (not feasible) and outside scope of discussion. - Raciborz city councillor How many jobs will be created during construction P. Klima Temporary employment will be created of the Raciborz polder. during construction of dry polder - Raciborz city councillor (during 6 years). For details reference is made to RZGWGL. Gmina Krzyzanowice' The cooperation between EA team and municipal P. Klima During field visits as far as possible. and powiat authorities. - Raciborz city councillor On agricultural land use Farming should continue as before by farmers, Gmina Krzyzanowicel EA recommends only allowing use who have land in the polder. as meadows and pastures and no cultivation of arable crops, in order to reduce risk of crop losses during operation of the reservoir.
Comments received by letter ANNEXD PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
On gravel exploitation: ______* Gravel exploitation at the left bank of Odra river A. Hajduk Expanded gravel exploitation at left bank is in conflict with conservation should not be banned in view of economic development - Powiat office in Raciborz of Natura 2000 site Las Tworkowski and preserving and enhancing of region. Gmina Krzyzanowice' the biocorridor along the Upper Odra Valley. UTEX-Terra Sp. (Mining Cie)' On natural habitats and biota: . The impact of the dry polder on the ecological corridor A. Adamski Some compensation measures described in EA. connecting natural habitats in the Upper Odra valley. - Pro Natura Insufficient compensation measures for the interruption D. Serwacinska Some mitigation and compensation measures for Raciborz dry polder of ecological corridor by Raciborz reservoir - Center of Natural are described in EA, others have to be worked out in future. (especially on forest habitats). Heritage of Upper Silesia The impact of construction of Raciborz reservoir K. Polak This is largely covered by EA. on natural habitats and biota. - Municipality of Raciborz view The impact of long term inundations on natural habitats K. Kardyka Partly covered by EA. Little experience from similar situations. In inside Raciborz reservoir - Municipality of Raciborz of high level of uncertainty this should be studied with long term monitoring network. On Natura 2000 sites: The impact analysis of Raciborz reservoir on riverine J. Engel EA recommends in view high level of uncertainty to study impacts habitats and biota - WWF Poland by installing long-term monitoring network. Consultants prepare ToR for survey and monitoring of all Natura 2000 sites influenced by the ORFPP (from Raciborz reservoir down to Brzeg Dolny) as a part of Main Report Need for mitigation and compensation measures Krzyzanowice Gmina Proposals for mitigation and compensation measures for impact on Forest for the Tworkowski Forest authority are described in EA. On Environmental Management: Under what legal authority will the environmental P. Nieznanski PCU will be responsible for implementation of EMP and be assisted management plan be implemented - WWF Poland in this task by M&E Consultants. PCU reports to Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration and Ministry of Environment
Comment received in letter ANNEXD PUBLIC CONSULTATION
D4. Letter from Polish Society of Wildlife Friends "pro Natura" (Wroclaw)
POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO PRZYJACIOL PRZYRODY "pO NATURA" POLISH SOCIETY OF WILDLIFE FRIENDS p Podwale 75, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland tel/fax: (+48) (71) 343 41 22 ext. 326 email: [email protected]
Comments on the Environmental Assessment for the "Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project"
Component B - Modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System
1) In the Project, the possibility to take advantage of planned actions in order to obtain additional benefits for the natural environment is not utilized. a) When widening the Odra river channel between the Redzin barrage and the Widawa river outlet (task no. 27), it is possible to create a number of islands in the course of the river (by leaving several fragments of the river's present bank (5-15 m wide) in the widened channel); b) Two additional islands may be created by connecting with the river upstream sections of two artificial oxbow lakes of the Odra river (one on the right bank, and one on the left bank) located along a stretch of about 2 km downstream the Bystrzyca river outlet. c) The raising of the left-bank embankment of the Olawka polder (task no. 2) makes it possible to consider the project of renaturization of the downstream section of the Szalona river (a left- bank tributary of the Olawa river) along a stretch of about 2-3 km at the level of Radwanie. The renaturization would involve an adequate change in the course of the river channel and a change in the shaping of banks (details to be determined).
2) An essential drawback of the Project is an insufficient integration of planned actions with other projects planned in the same area, in particular projects relating to the construction of roads. The duplication of the alignment of flood embankments planned to be modernized and the course of roads planned to be constructed (the road Bielany-Lany-Dlugoleka) causes unnecessary losses in nature (including Natura 2000 sites, e.g., under the modemization of the embankment of the Trestno-Blizanowice polder - task no. 3) and unnecessarily increases investment costs. A method which would allow these losses to be avoided may be to plan road embankments to be used as new flood embankments.
Prepared by: ArturAdamski, MA. Polish Society of Wildlife Friends "pro Natura" 75 Podwale St., 50-449 Wroclaw e-mail: [email protected]
PRESIDENT PTPP "pro Natura" Roman Guziak, MEng