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Dataposter SUMERGIBLES TECNOLOGÍA DE LA 8 de junio EXPLORACIÓN MARINA DÍA MUNDIAL DE LOS OCÉANOS LOS EXPLORADORES LAS EXPLORADORAS HISTÓRICOS EN MÉXICO JAQUES VIVIANNE SOLÍS COUSTEAU WEISS (1910-1997) En 1985 se convirtió en la primera Ocial naval francés, explorador, investigadora en jefe de crucero investigador y biólogo marino en los buques de investigación interesado en el estudio del mar y PRESENTA "El Puma" y "Justo Sierra" de la la vida que alberga. Se le UNAM, los cuales también dirigió recuerda por haber presentado al en las expediciones de 1992 y mundo la escafandra autónoma 1993. Fue la primera cientíca con independencia de cables y latinoamericana a bordo del tubos de suministro de aire desde submarino Alvin, sumergiéndose la supercie. a más de 2000 metros de profundidad. JACQUES SUMERGIBLES ELVA ESCOBAR PICCARD BRIONES (1922-2008) Su línea de trabajo se centra en la Explorador, ingeniero y fauna asociada a los fondos oceanógrafo suizo, conocido por DE INVESTIGACIÓN marinos y en la macroecología de el desarrollo de vehículos los ambientes acuáticos. Ha subacuáticos para el estudio de descubierto nuevos ecosistemas las corrientes oceánicas. Piccard y La exploración de las profundidades marinas tiene por objetivo la investigación de las y descrito nuevas especies. Ha Don Walsh fueron, hasta 2012, las representado a México en temas únicas personas que alcanzaron condiciones físicas, químicas y biológicas del lecho marino con motivos científicos o comerciales. de conservación ante la el punto más bajo de la supercie Es una actividad relativamente reciente, pero ha resultado en grandes aportaciones al desarrollo Autoridad Internacional de los terrestre, el abismo Challenger, Fondos Marinos, las Naciones en la fosa de las Marianas. tecnológico para el estudio en las profundidades oceánicas. Unidas y la IUCN. El lanzamiento y la recuperación del sumergible Denise se realiza EL CALYPSO PROYECTO El legendario buque es un antiguo dragaminas de la Royal Navy con la ayuda de una grúa a bordo británica convertido en un buque de investigación por el investigador de la plataforma. PRECONTINENTE oceanográco Jacques Cousteau. Estaba equipado con un laboratorio Cousteau y su equipo lideraron un experimento que pretendía Durante Conshelf II se desarrollaron técnicas móvil para investigación submarina y oceanográca. construir una aldea submarina que permitiera a grupos pequeños de que hoy se utilizan para el entrenamiento de personas vivir bajo el agua. La primera cápsula submarina, Conshelf I, astronautas en condiciones de ingravidez y se fue sumergida en 1962 en Francia a 12 metros de profundidad y en desarrollaron tecnologías submarinas como los ella vivieron 2 buzos durante 2 semanas. scooters submarinos. En 1963 el proyecto continuó en el Mar Rojo con Conshelf II, que La colonia Conshelf II recibía consistía de 5 estructuras sumergidas a 10 metros de profundidad y suministros de aire, agua, SUMERGIBLES Un sumergible acuático es una pequeña embarcación diseñada para Dormitorios dos barcos de apoyo en la supercie. En esa ocasión, 6 oceanautas alimentos y energía por un operar bajo el agua. No es totalmente autónomo, por lo que suele vivieron en las estructuras durante 30 días. equipo en supercie del mítico estar apoyado por un buque, una plataforma, un equipo de costa o un Calypso. Dormitorio y laboratorio submarino. Hay varios tipos de sumergibles, incluidas las naves Otra estructura se utilizó como tripuladas y no tripuladas, también conocidas como vehículos hangar para 2 submarinos. operados a distancia o ROV. Cabina Laboratorio de acceso TECNOLOGÍAS ATMÓSFERA ÚNICA: tienen un casco Cabina presurizado y los ocupantes están a presión Sala de reuniones de buceo atmosférica estándar. Su casco es capaz de resistir la En el laboratorio principal se El segundo laboratorio estaba a presión exterior. llevaban a cabo reuniones y 30 metros diseñado para estudiar estudios médicos. la vida de 2 buceadores durante una semana. PRESIÓN AMBIENTAL: para reducir la presión que debe soportar el casco, mantiene la misma presión SUMERGIBLE DENISE SP-350 dentro y fuera del casco. El SP-350 Denise, conicido como el "platillo de buceo", es un pequeño submarino diseñado para albergar a dos personas. Fue inventado por Jacques Cousteau y el ingeniero Jean Mollard en el Centro Francés de SUBMARINO HÚMEDO: es un vehículo que puede o Investigación Submarina. no estar cerrado, el agua inunda el interior por lo que se utiliza equipo SCUBA para facilitar la Tiene una otabilidad positiva La tripulación ingresa a través respiración. ESPECIFICACIONES por naturaleza y está ponderada de una escotilla en la parte Tipo: Submarino con una otabilidad negativa con superior del casco y se acuesta Acceso de buzos Peso: 3.8 toneladas Casco superior pesos de lastre que pueden en colchones para operarlo Longitud: 2.75 m Manivelas de acero a presión desecharse en caso de Propulsion: Chorro de agua eléctrico emergencia. Velocidad: 1 nudo Duración de inmersión: 96 horas Bomba EN LA PROFUNDIDAD Prueba de profundidad: 1,000 m Tripulación: 2 personas Baterías SUMERGIBLES Lámparas eléctricas para buceo de energía COMERCIALES 1,43 metros nocturno e iluminación para Empresas privadas han de alto fotografías a profundidad. desarrollado pequeños sumergibles para turismo y exploración con capacidad para varias personas. SP-350 Puede resistir una presión de más de 90 kg / cm2 (1300 psi), VISTA FRONTAL equivalente a 900 metros de profundidad, aunque las inmersiones nunca superan los 300 metros por seguridad. MROV Los pequeños sumergibles sin tripulación llamados "vehículos marinos operados a distancia" o VISTA LATERAL MROV se utilizan ampliamente para trabajar en aguas muy Sonar profundas o demasiado 2 metros peligrosas para los buceadores. de diámetro SUMERGIBLES DE INMERSIÓN PROFUNDA DSV ALVIN Es de los más conocidos del mundo y ha completado más de 5,000 inmersiones. Con la capacidad de llevar a 3 personas, Tiene un brazo manipulador Visores frontales para La propulsión consiste en chorros ALVIN puede alcanzar operado eléctricamente para observar el entorno a través de de agua orientables, accionados profundidades de hasta recoger objetos y examinarlos ventanillas inclinadas que eléctricamente, lo que le permite VISTA SUPERIOR a través de las portillas. permiten acercarse a navegar en todas direcciones y 4,500 metros centímetros del objetivo. girar sobre su eje vertical. y realizar viajes de hasta 9 horas. CRONOLOGÍA DE LA EXPLORACIÓN 1930. William Beebe y Otis 1943. Émile Gagnan y Jaques 1959. Se construye el 1960. Jacques Piccard y Don 1962. El Conshelf I fue 1984. Graham Hawkes 2012. El sumergible Deepsea 2020. Kathryn Sullivan y Barton fueron los primeros en Cousteau, inventan los Sumergible Denise SP-350 Walsh llegaron al fondo del construido en alta mar desde construye el Deep Rover, un Challenger, pilotado por James Vanessa O'Brien a bordo del llegar a las profundidades del reguladores utilizados operado desde el Calypso. Challenger Deep en la Fosa de las Marsella, Francia. Dos buzos submarino personal con brazos Cameron, completó el segundo sumergible Limiting Factor, son mar al bucear en la Bathysphere, actualmente en el buceo Marianas, descendiendo a una pasaron dos semanas en una robóticos y cápsula de acrílico viaje tripulado y la primera las primeras mujeres en llegar al hecha de acero. Alcanzaron una autónomo. profundidad de 10,740 metros en pequeña cámara de 12 metros de capaz de bajar a 900 metros de misión en solitario al fondo del fondo del Challenger Deep a profundidad de 435 metros. el sumergible Trieste. profundidad en el lecho marino. profundidad. Challenger Deep. 10,925 metros. FUENTES: Wikipedia contributors, "Graham Hawkes," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Graham_Hawkes&oldid=992150620 (accessed June 7, 2021). Mezcua, J. (2013) Jacques Cousteau, convirtiendo la ciencia ficción en realidad. https://www.fordivers.com/es/blog/2013/01/22/jacques-cousteau-convirtiendo-la-ciencia-ficcion-en-realidad/ Wikipedia contributors, "Jacques Cousteau," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Cousteau&oldid=1027043002 (accessed June 7, 2021). NOAA. Human Occupied Vehicle Alvin. https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/subs/alvin/alvin.html (accessed June 7, 2021) Wikipedia contributors, "Submersible," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Submersible&oldid=1019679671 (accessed June 7, 2021). Wikipedia contributors, "DSV Alvin," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DSV_Alvin&oldid=1020818510 (accessed June 7, 2021). Wikipedia contributors, "Continental Shelf Station Two," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continental_Shelf_Station_Two&oldid=998379996 (accessed June 7, 2021)..
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