M T S M U V . O R G 1 Underwater Intervention 2019
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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN FRONTIERS PROGRAM #1503 "Going Deep" AIRDATE: February 2, 2005 ALAN ALDA Hello and welcome to Scientific American Frontiers. I'm Alan Alda. It's said that the oceans, which cover more than two thirds of the earth's surface, are less familiar to us than the surface of the moon. If you consider the volume of the oceans, it's actually more than ninety percent of the habitable part of the earth that we don't know too much about. The main reason for our relative ignorance is simply that the deep ocean is an absolutely forbidding environment. It's pitch dark, extremely cold and with pressures that are like having a 3,000-foot column of lead pressing down on every square inch -- which does sound pretty uncomfortable. In this program we're going to see how people finally made it to the ocean floor, and we'll find out about the scientific revolutions they brought back with them. We're going to go diving in the Alvin, the little submarine that did so much of the work. And we're going to glimpse the future, as Alvin's successor takes shape in a small seaside town on Cape Cod. That's coming up in tonight's episode, Going Deep. INTO THE DEEP ALAN ALDA (NARRATION) Woods Hole, Massachusetts. It's one of the picturesque seaside towns that draw the tourists to Cape Cod each year. But few seaside towns have what Woods Hole has. For 70 years it's been home to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution — an organization that does nothing but study the world's oceans. -
“Body Temperature & Pressure, Saturated” & Ambient Pressure Correction in Air Medical Transport
“Body Temperature & Pressure, Saturated” & Ambient Pressure Correction in air medical transport Mechanical ventilation can be especially challenging during air medical transport, particularly due to the impact of varying atmospheric pressure with changing altitudes. The Oxylog® 3000 plus and Oxylog® 2000 plus help to effectively deal with these challenges. D-33481-2011 Artificial ventilation uses compressed the ventilation volumes delivered by the gas to deliver the required volume to the ventilator. Mechanical ventilation in fixed patient. This breathing gas has normally wing aircraft without a pressurized cabin an ambient temperature level and is very is subject to the same dynamics. In case dry. Inside the human lungs the gas of a pressurized cabin it is still relevant expands due to a higher temperature and to correct the inspiratory volumes, as humidity level. These physical conditions the cabin is usually maintained at MT-5809-2008 are described as “Body Temperature & a pressure of approximately 800 mbar Figure 1: Oxylog® 3000 plus Pressure, Saturated” (BTPS), which (600 mmHg), comparable to an altitude The Oxylog® 3000 plus automatically com- presumes the combined environmental of 8,200 ft/2,500 m. pensates volume delivery and measurement circumstances of – Without BTPS correction, the deli- – a body temperature of 37 °C / 99 °F vered inspiratory volume can deviate up – ambient barometrical pressure to 14 % conditions and (at 14,800 ft/4,500 m altitude) from – breathing gas saturated with water the targeted set volume (i.e. 570 ml vapour (= 100 % relative humidity). instead of 500 ml). – Without ambient pressure correction, Aside from the challenge of changing the inspiratory volume can deviate up temperatures and humidity inside the to 44 % (at 14,800 ft/4,500 m altitude) patient lungs, the ambient pressure is from the targeted set volume also important to consider. -
Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon in Hydrothermal Plumes from the East Pacific Rise, 91500N
Deep-Sea Research I 58 (2011) 922–931 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research I journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri Dissolved and particulate organic carbon in hydrothermal plumes from the East Pacific Rise, 91500N Sarah A. Bennett a,n, Peter J. Statham a, Darryl R.H. Green b, Nadine Le Bris c, Jill M. McDermott d,1, Florencia Prado d, Olivier J. Rouxel e,f, Karen Von Damm d,2, Christopher R. German e a School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK b National Environment Research Council, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK c Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie—Paris 6, CNRS UPMC FRE3350 LECOB, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France d University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA e Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA f Universite´ Europe´enne de Bretagne, European Institute for Marine Studies IUEM, Technopoleˆ Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzane´, France article info abstract Article history: Chemoautotrophic production in seafloor hydrothermal systems has the potential to provide an Received 19 November 2010 important source of organic carbon that is exported to the surrounding deep-ocean. While hydro- Received in revised form thermal plumes may export carbon, entrained from chimney walls and biologically rich diffuse flow 23 June 2011 areas, away from sites of venting they also have the potential to provide an environment for in-situ Accepted 27 June 2011 carbon fixation. In this study, we have followed the fate of dissolved and particulate organic carbon Available online 3 July 2011 (DOC and POC) as it is dispersed through and settles beneath a hydrothermal plume system at 91500N Keywords: on the East Pacific Rise. -
Exploration of the Deep Gulf of Mexico Slope Using DSV Alvin: Site Selection and Geologic Character
Exploration of the Deep Gulf of Mexico Slope Using DSV Alvin: Site Selection and Geologic Character Harry H. Roberts1, Chuck R. Fisher2, Jim M. Brooks3, Bernie Bernard3, Robert S. Carney4, Erik Cordes5, William Shedd6, Jesse Hunt, Jr.6, Samantha Joye7, Ian R. MacDonald8, 9 and Cheryl Morrison 1Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 2Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-5301 3TDI Brooks International, Inc., 1902 Pinon Dr., College Station, Texas 77845 4Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 5Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 6Minerals Management Service, Office of Resource Evaluation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70123-2394 7Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 8Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M – Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412 9U.S. Geological Survey, 11649 Leetown Rd., Keameysville, West Virginia 25430 ABSTRACT The Gulf of Mexico is well known for its hydrocarbon seeps, associated chemosyn- thetic communities, and gas hydrates. However, most direct observations and samplings of seep sites have been concentrated above water depths of approximately 3000 ft (1000 m) because of the scarcity of deep diving manned submersibles. In the summer of 2006, Minerals Management Service (MMS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- stration (NOAA) supported 24 days of DSV Alvin dives on the deep continental slope. Site selection for these dives was accomplished through surface reflectivity analysis of the MMS slope-wide 3D seismic database followed by a photo reconnaissance cruise. From 80 potential sites, 20 were studied by photo reconnaissance from which 10 sites were selected for Alvin dives. -
2007 MTS Overview of Manned Underwater Vehicle Activity
P A P E R 2007 MTS Overview of Manned Underwater Vehicle Activity AUTHOR ABSTRACT William Kohnen There are approximately 100 active manned submersibles in operation around the world; Chair, MTS Manned Underwater in this overview we refer to all non-military manned underwater vehicles that are used for Vehicles Committee scientific, research, tourism, and commercial diving applications, as well as personal leisure SEAmagine Hydrospace Corporation craft. The Marine Technology Society committee on Manned Underwater Vehicles (MUV) maintains the only comprehensive database of active submersibles operating around the world and endeavors to continually bring together the international community of manned Introduction submersible operators, manufacturers and industry professionals. The database is maintained he year 2007 did not herald a great through contact with manufacturers, operators and owners through the Manned Submersible number of new manned submersible de- program held yearly at the Underwater Intervention conference. Tployments, although the industry has expe- The most comprehensive and detailed overview of this industry is given during the UI rienced significant momentum. Submersi- conference, and this article cannot cover all developments within the allocated space; there- bles continue to find new applications in fore our focus is on a compendium of activity provided from the most dynamic submersible tourism, science and research, commercial builders, operators and research organizations that contribute to the industry and who share and recreational work; the biggest progress their latest information through the MTS committee. This article presents a short overview coming from the least likely source, namely of submersible activity in 2007, including new submersible construction, operation and the leisure markets. -
Optimal Breathing Gas Mixture in Professional Diving with Multiple Supply
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2021 WCE 2021, July 7-9, 2021, London, U.K. Optimal Breathing Gas Mixture in Professional Diving with Multiple Supply Orhan I. Basaran, Mert Unal compressors and cylinders, it was limited to surface air Abstract— Professional diving existed since antiquities when supply lines. In 1978, Fleuss introduced the first closed divers collected resources from the bottom of the seas and circuit oxygen breathing apparatus which removed carbon lakes. With technological advancements in the recent century, dioxide from the exhaled gas and did not form bubbles professional diving activities also increased significantly. underwater. In 1943, Cousteau and Gangan designed the Diving has many adverse effects on human physiology which first proper demand-regulated air supply from compressed are widely investigated in order to make dives safer. In this air cylinders worn on the back. The scuba equipment with study, we focus on optimizing the breathing gas mixture minimizing the dive costs while ensuring the safety of the the high-pressure regulator on the cylinder and a single hose divers. The methods proposed in this paper are purely to a demand valve was invented in Australia and marketed theoretical and divers should always have appropriate training by Ted Eldred in the early 1950s [1]. and certificates. Also, divers should never perform dives With the use of Siebe dress, the first cases of decompression without consulting professionals and medical doctors with expertise in related fields. sickness began to be documented. Haldane conducted several experiments on animal and human subjects in Index Terms—-professional diving; breathing gas compression chambers to investigate the causes of this optimization; dive profile optimization sickness and how it can be prevented. -
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC LABORATORY SYSTEM %Vas
UNIVERSITY - NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC LABORATORY SYSTEM ALVIN REVIEW COMMITTEE Summary Report of the June 26, 27, 1991 Meeting Carriage House Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA Minutes of the Meeting APPENDICES I. ALVIN Review Committee Roster II. Agenda III. Report on ALVIN Operations, 1990-1991 IV. Letter on Archiving Policy for ALVIN data and records V. 1991 Dive Requests by Region VI. Summary of 1992 Dive Requests VII. Opportunities for Oceanographic Research, DSV ALVIN, 1992 VIII. Rules for Review of ALVIN Dive Requests it as 111K . "? • %Vas- IILALtr CE D AUG 1 . ) 1991 I 1 UNOLS OFFICE ALVIN Review Committee Minutes of Meeting June 26, 27, 1991 Carriage House Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA OPENING THE MEETING The meeting was called at 8:00 a.m. by Feenan Jennings, ARC Chair. Committee members, funding agency representatives from NOAA, NSF and ONR, WHOI personnel and UNOLS Office staff present for all or part of the meeting: ALVIN Review Committee Agency Representatives Feenan Jennings, Chair David Duane, NOAA Casey Moore Don Heinrichs, NSF Doug Nelson Keith Kaulum, ONR Mary Scranton Gary Taghon Karen Von Damm Dick Pittenger, WHOI member WHOI UNOLS Office Craig Dorman Bill Barbee Barrie Walden Jack Bash Don Moller Annette DiSilva Rick Chandler Mary D'Andrea The ALVIN Review Committee Roster is Appendix I. Craig Dorman, Director, WHOI, welcomed the ALVIN Review Committee and introduced Dick Pittenger, whom he had earlier named as the WHOI (operating institution ex-officio) member on the ARC. Dr. Dorman reiterated WHOI's strong commitment to continue to manage and operate ALVIN in support of the United States' oceanographic program. -
Ocean Storage
277 6 Ocean storage Coordinating Lead Authors Ken Caldeira (United States), Makoto Akai (Japan) Lead Authors Peter Brewer (United States), Baixin Chen (China), Peter Haugan (Norway), Toru Iwama (Japan), Paul Johnston (United Kingdom), Haroon Kheshgi (United States), Qingquan Li (China), Takashi Ohsumi (Japan), Hans Pörtner (Germany), Chris Sabine (United States), Yoshihisa Shirayama (Japan), Jolyon Thomson (United Kingdom) Contributing Authors Jim Barry (United States), Lara Hansen (United States) Review Editors Brad De Young (Canada), Fortunat Joos (Switzerland) 278 IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 279 6.7 Environmental impacts, risks, and risk management 298 6.1 Introduction and background 279 6.7.1 Introduction to biological impacts and risk 298 6.1.1 Intentional storage of CO2 in the ocean 279 6.7.2 Physiological effects of CO2 301 6.1.2 Relevant background in physical and chemical 6.7.3 From physiological mechanisms to ecosystems 305 oceanography 281 6.7.4 Biological consequences for water column release scenarios 306 6.2 Approaches to release CO2 into the ocean 282 6.7.5 Biological consequences associated with CO2 6.2.1 Approaches to releasing CO2 that has been captured, lakes 307 compressed, and transported into the ocean 282 6.7.6 Contaminants in CO2 streams 307 6.2.2 CO2 storage by dissolution of carbonate minerals 290 6.7.7 Risk management 307 6.2.3 Other ocean storage approaches 291 6.7.8 Social aspects; public and stakeholder perception 307 6.3 Capacity and fractions retained -
UNITED STATES SUBMARINE VETERANS INCORPORTATED PALMETTO BASE NEWSLETTER July 2013
OUR CREED: To perpetuate the memory of our shipmates who gave their lives in the pursuit of duties while serving their country. That their dedication, deeds, and supreme sacrifice be a constant source of motivation toward greater accomplishments. Pledge loyalty and patriotism to the United States of America and its constitution. UNITED STATES SUBMARINE VETERANS INCORPORTATED PALMETTO BASE NEWSLETTER July 2013 1 Lost Boats 3 Picture of the Month 10 Members 11 Honorary Members 11 CO’s Stateroom 12 XO’S Stateroom 14 Meeting Attendees 15 Minutes 15 Old Business 15 New Business 16 Good of the Order 16 Base Contacts 17 Birthdays 17 Welcome 17 Binnacle List 17 Quote of the Month 17 Word of the Month 17 Member Profile of the Month 18 Traditions of the Naval Service 21 Dates in U.S. Naval History 23 Dates in U.S. Submarine History 28 Submarine Memorials 48 Monthly Calendar 53 Submarine Trivia 54 Advertising Partners 55 2 USS S-28 (SS-133) Lost on July 4, 1944 with the loss of 50 crew members. She was conducting Lost on: training exercises off Hawaii with the US Coast Guard Cutter Reliance. After S-28 dove for a practice torpedo approach, Reliance lost contact. No 7/4/1944 distress signal or explosion was heard. Two days later, an oil slick was found near where S-28. The exact cause of her loss remains a mystery. US Navy Official Photo BC Patch Class: SS S Commissioned: 12/13/1923 Launched: 9/20/1922 Builder: Fore River Shipbuilding Co Length: 219 , Beam: 22 #Officers: 4, #Enlisted: 34 Fate: Brief contact with S-28 was made and lost. -
The Project Investigators Will Comply with the Data Management And
Data Management Plan Data Policy Compliance: The project investigators will comply with the data management and dissemination policies described in the NSF Award and Administration Guide (AAG, Chapter VI.D.4) and the NSF Division of Ocean Sciences Sample and Data Policy. Pre-Cruise Planning: Pre-cruise planning will occur through email and teleconFerences. The cruises will utilize a deep submergence vehicle (DSV Alvin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution). Preliminary dive plans will be written prior to the cruise, and updated and amended prior to each dive based on cruise events. Cruise event logging: Detailed dive reports For each Alvin dive will be digitally compiled as MicrosoFt Word documents during the cruise. Each dive report will include site inFormation, times oF launch and recovery, sampling events, and watch-stander logs. These, along with each dive plan, participant inFormation, and samples logs will be compiled into a cruise report at the conclusion oF the cruise and shared among the cruise party. Description of Data Types This project will produce observational datasets through the ship's underway sensors, DSV Alvin sensors and cameras, deployed autonomous chemistry sensors, and derived From analysis oF collected biological specimens. Observational data will be collected on research cruise at the East PaciFic Rise planned to take place during Jan-April oF two diFFerent years. Cruise underway data: Standard underway data collected along the ship’s track (e.g., sea surFace temperature, salinity, etc.). File types: .csv ASCII Files; Repository: BCO-DMO and the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R). Alvin data: Routine sensor data (e.g., temperature), video, and images collected by the DSV Alvin, as well as dive event logs, are made available through WHOI dives FrameGrabber system at http://4dgeo.whoi.edu/alvin and archived at the National Deep Submergence Facility (NDSF) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. -
Challenges of Diving to Depth
background sheet Challenges of diving to depth Photo by Jess © Australian Antarctic Division To harvest rich food resources of oceans, air- oxygen is stored in blood and muscle of diving mammals, breathing animals not only need to swim, they need and 35-60% in diving birds. to dive. Unlike fish, which have gills, air-breathing Reptiles are ectotherms, with much lower metabolic rates animals can’t extract oxygen from water. Instead than endotherms. Research into oxygen storage capacities these animals must regularly come to the surface to of reptiles is limited, influenced by the fact that some species breathe. are capable of cutaneous respiration (respiration through skin), enabling direct uptake of oxygen from water. Oxygen storage in the respiratory system Many deep-diving animals have lung capacities similar to terrestrial animals, indicating that their respiratory systems are not the predominant oxygen store. In many species, particularly whales, decreased lung volume correlates with increased dive depth. Some terrestrial diving animals, including sea otters and diving rodents, have large lungs that provide an important oxygen store. Sea otters store 55% of their oxygen in their lungs. Diving to depth with a large respiratory oxygen store can cause hyperbaric problems such as decompression sickness. However, sea otters are not deep divers, routinely diving to only a few metres. Oxygen storage in blood Diving animals store a significant proportion of oxygen in their blood. Oxygen storage in blood depends on an oxygen-binding protein, haemoglobin. Haemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. The more haemoglobin present in blood, the more oxygen is bound and delivered to the body. -
Cruise Summary
doi: 10.25923/3rg3-d269 CRUISE SUMMARY R/V Atlantis / DSV Alvin Expedition AT-41 August 19 to September 2, 2018 for DEEP SEARCH DEEP Sea Exploration to Advance Research on Coral/Canyon/Cold seep Habitats Deepwater Atlantic Habitats II: Continued Atlantic Research and Exploration in Deepwater Ecosystems with Focus on Coral, Canyon and Seep Communities Contract - M17PC00009 Table of Contents Page 1 EXPEDITION BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 1 2 NOAA OER QUICK LOOK REPORT ....................................................................................................... 1 3 GENERAL DIVE PLANS .......................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 CANYONS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 3.2 CORALS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 3.3 SEEPS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 4 EXPEDITION ACTIVITIES-NARRATIVE ................................................................................................. 3 4.1 AUGUST 16-18: CRUISE MOBILIZATION