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Ust Spr I.Vp:Corelventura REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA DR@AVNI ZBOR USTAVNE RAZPRAVE 1996 – 1997 Izbor gradiv Dr`avnega zbora Republike Slovenije I. knjiga Ljubljana, 2004 USTAVNE RAZPRAVE 1996-1997 Izbor gradiv Dr`avnega zbora Republike Slovenije I. knjiga Uredniki: dr. Miro Cerar dr. Ale{ Novak Boris Vri{er Sodelavca urednikov: Primo` Gorki~ Gregor Jagodi~ Pri urejanju gradiva sta sodelovali: Natalija Muhi~ Sabahat Krasni~i Ljubljana, 2004 CIP - Katalo`ni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knji`nica, Ljubljana 342:342.53(497.4)"1996/1997" SLOVENIJA. Dr`avni zbor Ustavne razprave : izbor gradiv Dr`avnega zbora Republike Slovenije / uredniki Miro Cerar, Ale{ Novak, Boris Vri{er. - Ljubljana : Dr`avni zbor Republike Slovenije, 2004- Knj. 1:1996-1997. - 2004 ISBN 961-6415-10-7 (knj. 1) 1. Gl. stv. nasl. 2. Cerar, Miro, 1963- 3. Vri{er, Boris 216136448 Zbornik "Ustavne razprave: izbor gradiv Dr`avnega zbora Republike Slovenije" sodi v knji`no zbirko Dr`avnega zbora Republike Slovenije, ki jo izdaja Slu`ba za odnose z javnostmi. Urednik zbirke: mag. Du{an Benko Uredniki zbornika: dr. Miro Cerar, dr. Ale{ Novak in Boris Vri{er Naslov zbornika: Ustavne razprave: izbor gradiv Dr`avnega zbora Republike Slovenije Naslov izdajatelja: Dr`avni zbor Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana, [ubi~eva 4 Telefon: +386 1 478 94 00 Produkcija: Slu`ba za odnose z javnostmi Oblikovanje in priprava za tisk: Multigraf, d.o.o. Tisk: Tiskarna Dr`avnega zbora RS Naklada: 600 izvodov Zbornik lahko poi{~ete tudi na elektronskem naslovu: www.dz-rs.si VSEBINA Uvod 5 Uredni{ko pojasnilo 7 PREDLOG ZA ZA^ETEK POSTOPKA ZA SPREMEMBO USTAVE REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE 9 Predlog ve~ kot 40.000 volivk in volivcev za za~etek postopka za spremembo ustave (Za odpoklic poslanca) 11 STALI[^A IN MNENJA 13 Mnenje vlade k predlogu za za~etek postopka za spremembo prvega odstavka 82. ~lena ustave Republike Slovenije 15 Mnenje strokovnjakov (dr. Igor Kau~i~, dr. Franci Grad, mag. Miro Cerar) 17 RAZPRAVE 25 5. redna seja Ustavne komisije 27 STALI[^A IN MNENJA 61 Poro~ilo Ustavne komisije k predlogu ve~ kot 40.000 volilk in volilcev za za~etek postopka za spremembo ustave za odpoklic poslanca 63 RAZPRAVE 67 8. redna seja Dr`avnega zbora 69 3 *** PREDLOG ZA ZA^ETEK POSTOPKA ZA SPREMEMBO USTAVE REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE 81 Predlog vlade za za~etek postopka za spremembo 68. ~lena ustave Republike Slovenije 83 RAZPRAVE 87 1. redna seja Ustavne komisije 89 STALI[^A IN MNENJA 139 Mnenje strokovnjakov (dr. Franc Grad, dr. Igor Kau~i~) 141 Na~elo vzajemnosti v mednarodnem javnem pravu (prof. dr. Borut Bohte) 146 RAZPRAVE 149 2. redna seja Ustavne komisije 151 7. izredna seja Dr`avnega zbora 174 3. redna seja Ustavne komisije 229 4. redna seja Ustavne komisije 250 1. nadaljevanje 4. redne seje Ustavne komisije 272 2. nadaljevanje 4. redne seje Ustavne komisije 300 PREDLOG USTAVNEGA ZAKONA 311 RAZPRAVE 315 10. izredna seja Dr`avnega zbora 317 USTAVNI ZAKON 423 Ustavni zakon o spremembi 68. ~lena Ustave Republike Slovenije 425 4 Uvod Ustava Republike Slovenije, s katero smo leta 1991 utrdili na{o dr`avno samostoj- nost ter pravno vzpostavili temeljne institucije nove demokrati~ne ureditve, je eden naj- pomembnej{ih dokumentov v zgodovini slovenskega naroda. Sleherna razprava o spreminjanju te ustave, ki poteka v okviru ustavnorevizijskega postopka v Dr`avnem zboru Republike Slovenije, ima zato {e posebno velik pravni in politi~ni pomen. ^etudi namre~ razli~ni predlogi za spremembo ustave {e ne pomenijo nujno, da bodo z njimi pogojene ustavne razprave tudi dejansko privedle do ustavnih sprememb, pa imajo vse tak{ne ustavne razprave neizogibno ve~ pomembnih u~inkov. Iz njih lahko po eni stra- ni razberemo strokovne argumente v prid in proti ustavnim spremembam, nadalje ak- tualne odnose mo~i v slovenski politiki, splo{en odnos politi~nih strank, civilno- dru`benih skupin, razli~nih strokovnjakov in strokovnih zdru`enj ter dr`avljanov do vrednostnih temeljev ustave ter do njenega pomena za slovensko dr`avo in dr`avljane, odnos vseh teh akterjev do posameznih ustavnih re{itev ter nenazadnje splo{no stanje duhá v dr`avi v ~asu konkretne ustavne razprave. Prav zaradi vseh teh vidikov, ki imajo {e poseben pomen za razvoj ustavnopravne in {ir{e dru`boslovne znanosti oziroma stroke, je ustavne razprave zagotovo smiselno sistemati~no (za)bele`iti, jih predstaviti {ir{i strokovni in lai~ni javnosti ter jih nenazadnje tako dokumentirane ohraniti tudi za prihodnje rodove. Vse to je tudi namen pri~ujo~e zbirke, ki v kronolo{kem zaporedju predstavlja najpomembnej{a gradiva dr`avnega zbora s podro~ja razprav o predlogih za spremembe ustave. Med ta gradiva sodijo predvsem dobesedni zapisi razprav ter raz- li~na stali{~a in mnenja, ki se oblikujejo v ustavni komisiji dr`avnega zbora, v njenih strokovnih skupinah ter na sejah dr`avnega zbora kot tak{nega. Slovensko ustavo uvr{~amo med tako imenovane ~vrste ustave, to je tak{ne, ki jih je v normalnih politi~nih razmerah relativno te`ko spreminjati (za sleherno spremembo slovenske ustave je potrebno soglasje najmanj dveh tretjin vseh poslancev dr`avnega zbora). Vendar pa to in dejstvo, da slovenska ustava tako po svoji vsebini kot pomenu zaslu`i posebno spo{tovanje, seveda {e ne pomeni, da je ta ustava nedotakljiva. Danda- nes izredno pospe{eni dru`beni razvoj terja hitro odzivnost prava, pri ~emer je treba dru`benim spremembam ter z njimi povezanim novim politi~nim in pravnim pogledom v~asih ustrezno prilagoditi tudi sámo ustavo. Tudi na praviloma zelo abstraktni oziroma splo{ni ravni ustavnega urejanja temeljnih vidikov dr`avne organizacije se namre~ v~asih izka`e, da ustavodajalec ni mogel ustrezno predvideti vseh situacij oziroma mo`nosti, ki jih prina{a dru`beno `ivljenje oziroma razvoj, zato je lahko v dolo~enih primerih ustavna sprememba povsem smiselna oziroma potrebna. Pravkar povedano pa nikakor ne pomeni, da naj bi bila slovenska ustava nekak{en osrednji prostor za iskanje, preverjanje in formaliziranje najrazli~nej{ih dru`benih idej. Ravno nasprotno. Ustava mora biti tisti dolgoro~ni in stabilni povezovalni (integrativni) dejavnik dr`avno organizirane dru`be, v katerem so na podlagi naj{ir{ega mo`nega 5 dru`benega sporazuma pravno dolo~eni temelji dr`avne ureditve ter temeljne vred- nostne in funkcionalne prvine razmerja med dr`avo in posameznikom. To pomeni, da pravno-politi~no polje ustavnosti nikakor ne sme postati prostor za eksperimentiranje ali neodgovorno poigravanje s tak{nimi ali druga~nimi novimi zamislimi o dru`beni ureditvi. Slovenska ustava mora zato {e nadalje oziroma dolgoro~no ohraniti vse tiste temeljne sestavine, ki zagotavljajo vrednostno pozitivno ustavno kontinuiteto. Slednja pa se izra`a predvsem v temeljnih ustavnih institucijah demokracije in pravne dr`ave ter se kot tak{na, {e posebej z vstopom Slovenije v Evropsko unijo, v precej{nji meri prekri- va in zliva tudi z aktualnimi razvojnimi te`njami sodobne demokrati~ne Evrope. *** Na tem mestu se uredniki za pomo~ pri urejanju te zbirke zahvaljujemo vsem svo- jim sodelavcem. Za vsestransko podporo pri na{em delu se {e posebej zahvaljujemo tudi generalni sekretarki dr`avnega zbora Jo`ici Veli{~ek, za pomo~ pri dokon~nem ob- likovanju zbirke pa delavcem pristojnih slu`b dr`avnega zbora in njihovim zunanjim sodelavcem, pri ~emer gre v tem okviru na{a zahvala {e posebej mag. Du{anu Benku, Iztoku Poto~niku in Dragu Pe~eniku. Hkrati uredniki upamo, da bo dr`avni zbor v pri- hodnje omogo~il ustrezno dograjevanje te zbirke, ki lahko skupaj z zbirko iz leta 2001 (Nastajanje slovenske ustave - izbor gradiv Komisije za ustavna vpra{anja 1990-1991, ur. Miro Cerar / Gorazd Pereni~, Dr`avni zbor 2001, 1280 strani) vsekakor pomem- bno pripomore k poznavanju in preu~evanju na{ega novodobnega ustavnega razvoja. Dr. Miro Cerar Dr. Ale{ Novak Boris Vri{er Ljubljana, oktober 2004 6 Uredni{ko pojasnilo V pri~ujo~em izboru gradiv so zbrani dobesedni zapisi razprav, ki so potekale v ok- viru ustavnorevizijskih postopkov v Dr`avnem zboru Republike Slovenije ter zapisi raz- li~nih strokovnih in drugih stali{~ in mnenj, ki so spremljala omenjene razprave. Le-te so potekale prete`no v ustavni komisiji in v krogu njenih strokovnjakov ter seveda v dr`avnem zboru kot tak{nem. Zbirka zajema veliko ve~ino, ne pa tudi vseh gradiv, ki so nastala v ~asu ustavnih razprav, kajti ~e bi vanjo vklju~ili tudi vsa manj pomembna gra- diva (npr. dopisi, pobude in mnenja dr`avljanov in drugih subjektov ali morebitni do- besedni zapisi javnih predstavitev mnenj – vsa tak{na gradiva so seveda shranjena v ar- hivu dr`avnega zbora), bi obseg zbirke presegel razumno mero, pri ~emer sama spo- ro~ilnost razprav oziroma gradiv ne bi bila bistveno ve~ja od sedanje. V zbirki so ustavne razprave sistemati~no razvr{~ene po kronolo{kem zaporedju. Celotno gradivo, ki je zajeto v zbirki, smo uredniki s pomo~jo sodelavcev ve~krat pre- gledali oziroma prebrali in v kon~ni fazi urejanja tudi oblikovno uskladili. Poudariti je treba, da so v zbirki predstavljeni neavtorizirani ter neredigirani oziroma nelektorirani dobesedni zapisi razli~nih ustavnih razprav ter strokovnih in drugih stali{~ in mnenj. Da bi olaj{ali prebiranje gradiva, pa smo uredniki skupaj s sodelavci v besedila selektivno vnesli {tevilne manj{e jezikovne popravke - npr. ustrezna postavitev lo~il, popravki za- tipkanih ~rk oziroma besed, popravki nekaterih osebnih imen ter popravki originalnih izpisov nekaterih tujk in kraj{ih stavkov oziroma besednih zvez v tujih jezikih. Pri vsem tem zaradi razli~nih razlogov (velik obseg besedil, razli~ni pristopi pri originalnem obli- kovanju dobesednih zapisov razprav itd.) v vseh navedenih pogledih ni bilo mogo~e zagotoviti popolnega poenotenja v pristopu ter {e manj odpraviti vseh jezikovnih ne- pravilnosti. Vendar pa slednje niti ni bil na{ cilj, kajti temeljno vodilo pri na{em delu je bilo, da naj oblikovanje besedila v ~im ve~ji meri sledi izvirni obliki zapisov, saj bi dru- ga~en pristop terjal predhodno avtorizacijo in s tem tudi celovito redakcijo besedil.
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