2. Write a Word Equation and Balanced Symbol Equation for the Process of Photosynthesis

Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis

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1. Define photosynthesis

2. Write a word equation and balanced symbol equation for the process of photosynthesis.

3. Summarise the two main stages of photosynthesis:

Input Outcome

Light-dependent reactions

Light independent reactions

4. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. It can be used directly, stored as starch or used to make cell walls (as cellulose).

a. Which process results in the formation of polysaccharides from monosaccharides?

b. Outline the process below.

Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis

c. What are the steps in testing a leaf for the presence of starch?

d. Explain why a starch test will be negative if a green plant Is left in the dark for a long period of time.

5. Light from the Sun is composed of a range of wavelengths (colours).

a. Distinguish between frequency and wavelength in terms of electromagnetic radiation.

b. Between which wavelengths is light visible to the human eye?

c. Match the ranges of wavelengths below with their colours.

i. 400-500nm =

ii. 500-650nm =

iii. 700-800nm =

6. What is chlorophyll? In which organelle can it be found?

7. Distinguish between action and absorption spectra for photosynthesis.

8. Use the spreadsheet here to produce action spectrum for photosynthesis and absorption spectrum for chlorophyll: https://www.box.net/shared/cs6jvzv8n4

9. In the space below, draw a graph showing the action and absorption spectra for chlorophyll. Annotate the diagram to show why leaves appear green.

10. Outline the reasons for some plants having leaves that are not green.

11. In the space below, draw and label a diagram of a chloroplast, as seen under a TEM. Include thylakoid membranes and thylakoid spaces, stroma, granum, chloroplast envelope and a scale bar. Annotate the diagram with the function of each component and the way it is adapted to increased efficiency.

12. Photosynthesis consists of two stages: light dependent and light independent reactions.

a. Define photolysis

b. Define photophosphorylation

c. Define carbon fixation

13. Explain what happens to an electron when it is excited by photons of light.

14. Annotate the diagram below to explain the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Include photolysis, photophosphorylation (and chemiosmosis), movement of electrons, generation of a H+ gradient using a proton pump, reduction of NADP+ by ferredoxin.

15. Which two products of the light-dependent reactions are carried through to the light- independent reactions?

16. What is the name of the 5-carbon compound present in the Calvin cycle?

17. Define carboxylation and decarboxylation.

18. In the space below, draw a diagram to explain the cycle of reactions that occur in the light- independent stages of photosynthesis. Include carboxylation of RuBP to glycerate-3-phosphate by rubisco, reduction to triose phosphate, formation of glucose phosphate and reformation of RuBP.

19. Describe three ways (two direct and one indirect) in which the rate of photosynthesis can be measured.

Direct 1:

Direct 2:

Indirect:

20. In the space below, draw a set of axes and a curve explaining how light intensity can affect the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant.

21. In the space below, draw a set of axes and a curve explaining how carbon dioxide concentration can affect the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant.

22. In the space below, draw a set of axes and a curve explaining how temperature can affect the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant.

A limiting factor is the one factor which is in shortest supply or is preventing the rate of a reaction from increasing. If this factor were increased, rate of reaction would increase until another plateau was reached (a different factor is then limiting).

23. Explain how the following factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis of green plants: (give reasons specific to the reactions of photosynthesis)

Factor Which stages of photosynthesis are limited and how?

Carbon dioxide concentration Low CO2 means less carbon can be fixed from the atmosphere in the Calvin cycle. Output of glucose is reduced and RuBP builds up.

Light intensity

Temperature

24. Using the graph below, deduce, with reasons, the most important limiting factor in the rate of photosynthesis of this green plant.

25. Compare photosynthesis and respiration. Take time to think about all the connections – reactions, structures, products and processes.

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