<p>Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p>Resources: http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com/bis-ib-diploma-programme-biology/03-making- atp/photosynthesis-inc-ahl-82-and-c4/ </p><p>1. Define photosynthesis</p><p>2. Write a word equation and balanced symbol equation for the process of photosynthesis. </p><p>3. Summarise the two main stages of photosynthesis:</p><p>Input Outcome</p><p>Light-dependent reactions</p><p>Light independent reactions</p><p>4. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. It can be used directly, stored as starch or used to make cell walls (as cellulose). </p><p> a. Which process results in the formation of polysaccharides from monosaccharides? </p><p> b. Outline the process below. </p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p> c. What are the steps in testing a leaf for the presence of starch? </p><p> d. Explain why a starch test will be negative if a green plant Is left in the dark for a long period of time. </p><p>5. Light from the Sun is composed of a range of wavelengths (colours). </p><p> a. Distinguish between frequency and wavelength in terms of electromagnetic radiation. </p><p> b. Between which wavelengths is light visible to the human eye? </p><p> c. Match the ranges of wavelengths below with their colours. </p><p> i. 400-500nm = </p><p> ii. 500-650nm = </p><p> iii. 700-800nm = </p><p>6. What is chlorophyll? In which organelle can it be found?</p><p>7. Distinguish between action and absorption spectra for photosynthesis. </p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p>8. Use the spreadsheet here to produce action spectrum for photosynthesis and absorption spectrum for chlorophyll: https://www.box.net/shared/cs6jvzv8n4 </p><p>9. In the space below, draw a graph showing the action and absorption spectra for chlorophyll. Annotate the diagram to show why leaves appear green. </p><p>10. Outline the reasons for some plants having leaves that are not green. </p><p>11. In the space below, draw and label a diagram of a chloroplast, as seen under a TEM. Include thylakoid membranes and thylakoid spaces, stroma, granum, chloroplast envelope and a scale bar. Annotate the diagram with the function of each component and the way it is adapted to increased efficiency. </p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p>12. Photosynthesis consists of two stages: light dependent and light independent reactions. </p><p> a. Define photolysis</p><p> b. Define photophosphorylation</p><p> c. Define carbon fixation</p><p>13. Explain what happens to an electron when it is excited by photons of light. </p><p>14. Annotate the diagram below to explain the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Include photolysis, photophosphorylation (and chemiosmosis), movement of electrons, generation of a H+ gradient using a proton pump, reduction of NADP+ by ferredoxin. </p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p>15. Which two products of the light-dependent reactions are carried through to the light- independent reactions? </p><p>16. What is the name of the 5-carbon compound present in the Calvin cycle? </p><p>17. Define carboxylation and decarboxylation. </p><p>18. In the space below, draw a diagram to explain the cycle of reactions that occur in the light- independent stages of photosynthesis. Include carboxylation of RuBP to glycerate-3-phosphate by rubisco, reduction to triose phosphate, formation of glucose phosphate and reformation of RuBP. </p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p>19. Describe three ways (two direct and one indirect) in which the rate of photosynthesis can be measured. </p><p>Direct 1: </p><p>Direct 2: </p><p>Indirect: </p><p>20. In the space below, draw a set of axes and a curve explaining how light intensity can affect the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant. </p><p>21. In the space below, draw a set of axes and a curve explaining how carbon dioxide concentration can affect the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant. </p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p>22. In the space below, draw a set of axes and a curve explaining how temperature can affect the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant. </p><p>A limiting factor is the one factor which is in shortest supply or is preventing the rate of a reaction from increasing. If this factor were increased, rate of reaction would increase until another plateau was reached (a different factor is then limiting). </p><p>23. Explain how the following factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis of green plants: (give reasons specific to the reactions of photosynthesis)</p><p>Factor Which stages of photosynthesis are limited and how?</p><p>Carbon dioxide concentration Low CO2 means less carbon can be fixed from the atmosphere in the Calvin cycle. Output of glucose is reduced and RuBP builds up. </p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Essential Biology 03.8 & 8.2/C4 Photosynthesis</p><p>Light intensity</p><p>Temperature</p><p>24. Using the graph below, deduce, with reasons, the most important limiting factor in the rate of photosynthesis of this green plant. </p><p>25. Compare photosynthesis and respiration. Take time to think about all the connections – reactions, structures, products and processes.</p><p>Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com </p>