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Selbstentwürfe in Der Fremde. Der Bamberger 11 Orientstudien Selbstentwürfe in der Fremde Der iranische Schriftsteller Bozorg Alavi im deutschen Exil Roja Dehdarian 11 Bamberger Orientstudien Bamberger Orientstudien hg. von Lale Behzadi, Patrick Franke, Geoffrey Haig, Christoph Herzog, Birgitt Hoffmann, Lorenz Korn und Susanne Talabardon Band 11 2018 Selbstentwürfe in der Fremde Der iranische Schriftsteller Bozorg Alavi im deutschen Exil von Roja Dehdarian 2018 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de/ abrufbar. Diese Arbeit hat der Fakultät Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg als Dissertation vorgelegen. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Birgitt Hoffmann Gutachterin: PD Dr. Roxane Haag-Higuchi Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13.01.2016 Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbiblio- thek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sonstigen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. Herstellung und Druck: docupoint Magdeburg Umschlaggestaltung: University of Bamberg Press, Larissa Günther Umschlagbild: Bozorg Alevi © University of Bamberg Press Bamberg, 2018 http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/ ISSN: 2193-3723 ISBN: 978-3-86309-493-5 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-86309-494-2 (Online-Ausgabe) URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-492538 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irbo-49253 Meinen Kindern Nikolai und Noah Inhaltsverzeichnis Dank ............................................................................................................. 1 EINLEITUNG .............................................................................................. 5 1. Quellen, theoretische Grundlagen und Fragestellung ...................... 8 2. Aufbau der Arbeit .............................................................................. 15 3. Forschungsstand ............................................................................... 18 3.1 Die Alavi-Rezeption in der historischen und literaturwissen- schaftlichen Forschung .................................................................... 18 3.2 Zur Exilforschung ....................................................................... 24 I. DIE IRANISCHE EMIGRATION IN DIE DDR ................................... 30 II. AUTOBIOGRAPHISCHE ZEUGNISSE ALS QUELLEN ................. 62 1. Theoretische Grundlagen und Begriffsklärung .............................. 62 2. Im Dialog mit sich selbst: Die Tagebücher Alavis aus dem Exil .... 67 3. Das Leben im Rückblick: Die Memoiren Goẕašt-e zamāne aus dem Exil .......................................................................................................... 72 III. DIE SELBSTZEUGNISSE ALAVIS: BIOGRAPHISCHE REKON- STRUKTIONEN ........................................................................................ 79 1. Vorbemerkungen und Quellen ........................................................ 79 2. Biographischer Überblick ................................................................. 82 2.1 Kindheit und Jugend in Teheran ............................................... 82 2.2 Ausbildung in Deutschland........................................................ 90 2.3 Rückkehr in die Heimat: Zwischen Schiras, Gīlān und Teheran .............................................................................................. 95 2.4 „Pendeln zwischen zwei Polen“: Literatur und Politik (1929-37) ............................................................................................. 98 2.5 Gefangenschaft (1937-41) ......................................................... 123 2.6 Eine Zeit voller Aktivität (1941-53) ........................................... 135 2.7 Europareise und der Weg in die Emigration ........................... 149 2.8 Neue berufliche Herausforderungen: Die Anfangsphase der Emigration (1954-69) ....................................................................... 154 2.9 Die zweite Exilphase: Rückbesinnung auf die Heimat (1970-79) ........................................................................................... 175 2.10 Besuche in der Heimat (1979-80) ........................................... 185 2.11 Beobachtungen aus der Ferne (1981-97) ................................ 192 IV. DIE SELBSTZEUGNISSE ALAVIS: IDENTITÄTSENTWÜRFE IM EXIL .......................................................................................................... 225 1. Pionier der persischen Literaturgeschichtsschreibung ................. 227 1.1 Wissenschaftliches Werk .......................................................... 230 1.2 Alavi als Hochschullehrer ......................................................... 264 1.3 Wissenschaft als neue(r) Beruf(ung): Das Exil als Chance ..... 269 2. Als persischsprachiger Schriftsteller in der Emigration ............... 272 2.1 Ein Schriftsteller ohne Leser ..................................................... 272 2.2 Schreiben in der Unbehaustheit – Die literarische Verarbeitung des Exils ............................................................................................ 276 2.3 Eine kurze Rückkehr in die persischen Schriftstellerkreise: Alavi als Schlüsselfigur der persischen Literatur .......................... 292 2.4 Literarisches Spätwerk: Schreiben als „Randseiter“ ................ 296 2.5 Funktion des Schreibens im Exil .............................................. 303 3. Politische Verortungen im Exil ...................................................... 306 3.1 Das Verhältnis zur Tudeh-Partei im Exil ................................. 311 3.2 Das Verhältnis zum Gastland .................................................. 319 3.3 Politische Identifikationen im Wandel .................................... 335 4. Die Heimat aus der Perspektive der Emigration ........................... 340 4.1 Reaktionen auf den Verlust der Heimat .................................. 340 4.2 Sehnsucht nach der Heimat und die Frage der Rückkehr ..... 343 4.3 Kurze Wiederkehr in eine neue Heimat ................................. 350 4.4 Alavi als „Randseiter“ oder die Rolle des Chronisten ............. 352 4.5 Konstruktion von Heimat aus der Perspektive der Emigration ....................................................................................... 359 5. Soziale Netzwerke im Exil .............................................................. 365 5.1 Alavis persönliche Netzwerke .................................................. 368 5.2 Alavis berufliche und offizielle Netzwerke im Exil ................. 377 5.3 Zusammenfassung: Netzwerke als Ressource im Exil ........... 384 V. SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG .............................................................. 388 BIBLIOGRAPHIE .................................................................................... 397 I. QUELLEN ......................................................................................... 397 1. Archivquellen ............................................................................... 397 2. Veröffentlichte Quellen ............................................................... 404 II. SEKUNDÄRLITERATUR .............................................................. 410 INDEX ...................................................................................................... 426 I. Personen ........................................................................................... 426 II. Eigennamen, Begriffe, Orte ........................................................... 437 Dank Vielen ist es zu verdanken, dass die vorliegende Arbeit, die im Sommer 2015 als Dissertation im Fach Iranistik an der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg eingereicht wurde, nun zur Veröffentlichung kommt. Den Anstoß für eine nähere Beschäftigung mit der Person Bozorg Ala- vis habe ich meiner langjährigen Lehrerin, Mentorin und Zweitgutach- terin PD Dr. Roxane Haag-Higuchi zu verdanken, die mich nach Ab- schluss meines Studiums auf den noch unbearbeiteten Nachlass des iranischen Schriftstellers aufmerksam machte und mich damit maßgeb- lich dazu inspirierte, dieses Projekt in Angriff zu nehmen. Ihr und mei- ner Betreuerin Prof. Dr. Birgitt Hoffmann, die mich mit großem Enga- gement und weitem Blick bei der Reifung des Vorhabens unterstützte, gilt mein größter Dank. Beide haben mich während der langen Jahre meiner Promotion unermüdlich motiviert und immer wieder durch ihr Interesse und ihre wertvollen Anregungen darin bestärkt, die Arbeit daran fortzuführen, gerade auch während und nach einigen längeren Unterbrechungen. Außerordentlicher Dank gilt in diesem Zusammen- hang auch Prof. Dr. Bert G. Fragner, bei dem ich das Glück hatte, in einer sehr anregenden und persönlichen Atmosphäre der Bamberger Iranistik studieren zu dürfen. Ohne institutionelle und finanzielle Unterstützung hätte ich meine Promotion nicht realisieren können: Die konkreten Fragestellungen hierzu entstanden im Rahmen eines dreijährigen von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft finanzierten Forschungsprojekts am Lehrstuhl für Iranistik der Universität Bamberg. Im Rahmen des Projekts konnte ich den Nachlass Alavis im Archiv der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin sichten und verschiedene Recherchearbeiten in einschlägigen Archiven durchführen. An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich ganz besonders bei der Leitung und den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des Archivs der
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