DOCSLIB.ORG

AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES in BALLAST WATER DISCHARGES: Issues and Options

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES in BALLAST WATER DISCHARGES: Issues and Options AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES IN BALLAST WATER DISCHARGES: Issues and Options DRAFT REPORT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT September 10, 2001 Prepared by: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds Office of Wastewater Management Washington, DC PREFACE This draft report, Aquatic Nuisance Species in Ballast Water Discharges: Issues and Options was prepared in response to a petition the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received on January 13, 1999, from the Pacific Environmental Advocacy Center. The petition was filed on behalf of fifteen nongovernmental and State and Tribal governmental organizations. The petition asked that EPA eliminate a regulatory exemption that currently prevents ballast water discharges from vessels from needing permits under EPA’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. The petition was closely followed by a letter from eighteen members of Congress, requesting that EPA examine whether the Clean Water Act can be used to provide effective regulation of aquatic nuisance species in vessel ballast water. In response to the petition, Congress’s inquiry, and the growing national concern about aquatic nuisance species introductions, former Assistant Administrator for Water J. Charles Fox directed Office of Water staff to research the issue of aquatic nuisance species in ballast water discharges, and report back what mechanisms are available under the Clean Water Act or other relevant statutes or programs to effectively control the introduction of aquatic nuisance species through ballast water. EPA is seeking public comment on this draft report, and will finalize the report, taking into account public comments received. If you have information or comments, please email them to [email protected], or mail them to: Marine Pollution Control Branch, ATTN: Ballast Water, US Environmental Protection Agency (4504F), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20460. Please include your name, affiliation, address, phone number and/or email address. All comments received before January 11, 2002, will be made part of the official record, and will be considered when finalizing the report. An electronic copy of the entire draft report can be viewed or downloaded from EPA’s internet web site at “http://www.epa.gov/owow/invasive_species/petition.html”. A paper copy of the draft report can be obtained by sending a written request to: Marine Pollution Control Branch, ATTN: Ballast Water, US Environmental Protection Agency (4504F), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20460. AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES IN BALLAST WATER DISCHARGES: Issues and Options DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT – September 10, 2001 CONTENTS 1.. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................... 1 a. Purpose of Report .............................................. 1 b. Summary of Draft Recommendations ................................ 1 c. Other Options for Addressing Ballast Water ........................... 2 2.. BACKGROUND ............................................................... 4 a. Petition ...................................................... 4 b. Ballast Water ANS .............................................. 4 c. Other Pathways for ANS Introductions ............................... 6 d. Vessel Traffic Information ........................................ 7 i. Description of Vessels ............................... 7 ii. Economics of Vessel Commerce ....................... 8 iii. Potential Costs of Controlling Ballast Water ANS .......... 8 iv. Potential Costs of Not Controlling Ballast Water ANS ....... 9 e. Ballast Water Management Methods ................................. 9 i. Mid-ocean Exchange ................................ 9 ii. Special-Case Ballast Water Management Methods ......... 10 iii. Alternative Methods in Research, Development or Demonstration Stages .......................................... 11 3.. CURRENT ACTIONS TO ADDRESS ANS ......................................... 16 a. Federal Actions ............................................... 16 i. Executive Order 13112 ............................. 16 ii. National Invasive Species Act of 1996 (NISA) ............ 16 (1) NISA’s Ballast Water Regulations (33 CFR 151)17 (2) National Ballast Water Clearinghouse ...... 17 (3) Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (ANSTF) .................................. 19 (4) Ballast Technology Demonstration Program .................................. 19 (5) Environmental Protection Agency’s Role under NISA ............................. 19 iii. Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPS) ............. 19 iv. Current Activities Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) ...... 20 (1) Section 303 ......................... 20 (2) Section 311 ......................... 20 (3) Section 312 ......................... 20 v. Other Federal Laws ................................ 20 b. International Actions ........................................... 21 i. Foreign Laws .................................... 21 ii. International Agreements ............................ 21 (1) International Maritime Organization (IMO) .................................. 21 (2) International Joint Commission (IJC) ...... 22 (3) Other Treaties and Agreements ........... 22 c. State And Regional Programs ..................................... 23 i. State ANS Management Plans ........................ 23 (1) Michigan ........................... 24 (2) Washington ......................... 25 ii. Historical State Laws and Regulations .................. 25 iii. Recent State Laws to Address Ballast Water ANS ......... 25 (1) California ........................... 25 AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES IN BALLAST WATER DISCHARGES: Issues and Options DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT – September 10, 2001 (2) Washington ......................... 25 (3) Maryland ........................... 26 (4) Virginia ............................ 26 (5) State Bills Introduced .................. 26 d. Local programs ............................................... 26 i. Humboldt Bay Harbor, Recreation and Conservation District, California ....................................... 26 ii. Port of Oakland, California .......................... 27 iii. Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California ......... 27 NONREGULATORY APPROACHES TO BALLAST WATER CONTROL ................... 28 e. Support the U.S. Coast Guard’s Ballast Water Regulation Program ........ 28 f. Establish a National Voluntary Partnership that Emphasizes Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Approaches to Controlling Ballast Water ANS ........................................................... 28 g. Support Other ANS Programs .................................... 29 i. Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (ANSTF) .......... 29 ii. Invasive Species Council ............................ 29 iii. Interagency Committee on the Marine Transportation System ............................................... 29 iv. National Estuary Program (NEP) ..................... 29 v. Coral Reef Task Force ............................. 30 vi. Voluntary Partnership with Ports ...................... 30 h. Support State Ballast Water Programs .............................. 30 REGULATORY APPROACHES TO BALLAST WATER ................................. 31 i. Overview of the NPDES Program .................................. 31 j. Ballast Water ANS as Pollutants .................................. 32 k. The Current Vessel Exemption from NPDES Permit Requirements ......... 32 l. Approaches for Regulating Ballast Water Discharges with NPDES Permits .. 33 i. Revising the NPDES Regulations ..................... 34 ii. Development of a National Effluent Guideline under 304(b) ............................................... 36 iii. Ballast Water Treatment Requirements Based on CWA §402(g) ............................................... 36 OTHER ....................................................................... 38 m. Other Clean Water Act authorities ................................. 38 i. Ballast Water Treatment by Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) ....................................... 38 ii. Section 504 ...................................... 38 n. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) .......................... 38 DRAFT CONCLUSIONS .......................................................... 39 DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................... 41 4.. LIST OF ACRONYMS ......................................................... 43 REFERENCES .................................................................. 45 Appendix A. State Laws And Regulations Relating to Ballast Water ........................ A - 1 Appendix B. Federal Laws Potentially Relating to ANS in Ballast Water .................... B - 1 AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES IN BALLAST WATER DISCHARGES: Issues and Options DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT – September 10, 2001 AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES IN BALLAST WATER DISCHARGES: Issues and Options DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT – September 10, 2001 1.. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY a. Purpose of Report This draft report examines the issue of aquatic nuisance species (ANS) introduction by the discharge of ballast water from vessels. It first discusses vessel traffic and the technical aspects of ballast water management. It then surveys existing Federal, State and international actions to address ANS. The draft report then discusses options for controlling ballast water through legal, technical, and practical mechanisms. It identifies regulatory and non-regulatory actions that the EPA and other agencies are taking or might take
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interline® 925
    APPLICATION GUIDELINES BALLAST TANKS Interline® 925 Revision 13 Issue Date: 1st May 2015 Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale. Registered in England No. 63604 Registered Office 26th Floor, Portland House, Bressenden Place, London SW1E 5BG Page 1 Application Guidelines Interline® 925 Revision 13 Date 1st May 2015 CONTENTS Page 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE 3 2. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND PRODUCT CURE GRAPHS 4 2.1 Surface Preparation 4 2.2 Specification 4 2.3 Film Thickness 4 2.4 Holding Primer 4 2.5 Notes 5 2.6 Product Cure Graphs 5 3. COATING APPLICATION PROCEDURES 7 4. TECHNICAL INSPECTION AND PROJECT CONTROL 11 5. GENERAL NOTES 12 5.1 Tank condition 12 5.2 Steelwork Preparation 13 5.3 Scaffolding 14 5.4 Ventilation 14 5.5 Dehumidification 15 5.6 Heating 15 5.7 Lighting 16 5.8 Storage at point of application 16 5.9 Grit Blasting 16 5.10 Cleaning 18 5.11 Paint Application 18 5.12 Stripe Coats 19 5.13 Adhesion Testing 20 5.14 Water Testing 22 6. REPAIR PROCEDURES 23 7. HEALTH & SAFETY 24 Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale. Registered in England No. 63604 Registered Office 26th Floor, Portland House, Bressenden Place, London SW1E 5BG Page 2 Application Guidelines Interline® 925 Revision 13 Date 1st May 2015 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE The International Paint Ballast Tank Coating Application Guidelines are produced and revised in accordance with the Worldwide Marine product range.
    [Show full text]
  • An Eighteenth-Century Ballast Pile Site, Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana
    Study MMS 89-0092 An Eighteenth-Century Ballast Pile Site, Chandeteur Islands, Louisiana An Instrumental and Archaeological Study Y"""f"" Irr1 1 LOV~t! "M" flOtlOA 7tZ~7 J v ,iir ' ` ------------- --\ r[ .S. Department of the Interior MineralsU Management Service Gulf of Mexico OCS Region OCS Study MMS 89-0092 An Eighteenth-Century Ballast Pile Site, Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana An Instrumental and Archaeological Study Authors Ervan G . Garrison Charles P . Giammona James Jobling Anthony R . Tripp Ed N . Weinstein Gary A . Wolff Prepared under MMS Contract 14-12-001-30330 by Texas A&M Research Foundation Box 3578 College Station, Texas 77843 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior New Orleans Minerals Management Service December 1989 Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and the Texas A&M Research Foundation . This report has been technically reviewed by the MMS and approved for publication . Approval does not signify that contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use . It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with MMS editorial standards . REPORT AVAILABILITY Extra copies of the report may be obtained from the Public Information Unit (Mail Stop OPS-3-4) at the following address: U .S . Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office 1201 Elmwood Park Boulevard New Orleans, Louisiana 70123-2394 Attention : Public Information Unit (OPS-3-4) (Telephone Number : (504) 736-2519) CITATION Suggested citation : Garrison, E.G ., C.P .
    [Show full text]
  • Offshore Racing Congress
    World Leader in Rating Technology OFFSHORE RACING CONGRESS ORC VPP Documentation 2018 5 2 Copyright c 2018 Offshore Racing Congress All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is only with the permission of the Offshore Racing Congress. CONTENTS 1 Background 13 2 Introduction 15 2.1 Scope . 15 2.2 Overview . 15 2.3 Layout . 15 3 VPP Methodology 17 3.1 Solution Method . 17 3.2 Boat Model . 18 3.2.1 Functional relationships . 19 3.3 Equations of Equilibrium . 20 3.3.1 Driving Force - Drag . 21 3.3.2 Heeling Moment - Rolling Moment . 22 3.4 Water Ballast and Canting Keel Yachts . 23 3.4.1 Canting Keel . 23 3.4.2 Daggerboard (Centreline lifting appendage) . 23 3.4.3 Daggerboard and Bilge boards . 23 3.4.4 Water ballast . 23 3.4.5 Measurement . 24 3.5 Dynamic Allowance (DA) . 24 3.5.1 Credits (2012) . 24 3.5.2 Calculation Procedure . 25 3.6 Non Manual Power . 25 4 Lines Processing Program 27 4.1 Hydrostatics . 27 4.2 LPP Output parameter definitions . 28 4.2.1 Measurement Trim . 28 4.2.2 Sailing Trim . 28 4.2.3 Second Moment Length (LSM) . 28 4.2.4 Appendage stripping . 28 4.2.5 Beam Depth Ratio (BTR) . 29 4.2.6 Maximum Effective Draft (MHSD) . 30 4.2.7 Bulb/Wing Effects . 31 4.3 Appendage wetted areas and lengths . 34 4.3.1 Conventional Fin keel and rudder . 34 4.3.2 Other appendages . 34 4.4 Righting Moment . 34 4.4.1 Righting Arm Curve .
    [Show full text]
  • USS Constellation Historic Ships Museum's African Squadron Reader1 Reading Supplement
    USS Constellation Historic Ships Museum’s 1 African Squadron Reader Reading Supplement - Statement of Purpose. The USS Constellation Museum’s African Squadron Reader supports Baltimore City schoolchildren and teachers in the subjects of history, reading, vocabulary, and listening. Through classroom reading, discussion, analysis, and performing the reinforcement exercises, students achieve two outcomes. First, through reading original historic texts written by those who touched and were touched by the trans-Atlantic slave trade, students focus on and become aware of a little known aspect of their cultural and national heritage. Second, by thoughtfully addressing the texts and supporting materials, individually and collectively, students work to acquire and reinforce their essential communication skills. It is the objective of this Reading Program to support our city’s youth and their teachers as they strive to achieve these goals. Supporting State Curricula. The USS Constellation Museum’s African Squadron Reader Program” supports Maryland’s State Voluntary Curricula in the subject of history; the reading processes fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension; and the development of listening skills. For specific goals, see Unit IV, Chapter R. Method. 1. The Historical Backgrounds, Post Scripts, and Additional Information sections provide a great deal of information about the circumstances surrounding the events described. Teachers should preview the material and explain or read it to the class. Footnotes provide still more detailed, factual information that when explained, will help students put the writings into a meaningful historical context. 2. Readings are taken from accounts, reports, journals, or letters. As students read or are read them, they will be exposed to new vocabulary, mannerisms of expression, and the concepts they revealed.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Analysis of a Variable Buoyancy System for Efficient
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Design and Analysis of a Variable Buoyancy System for Efficient Hovering Control of Underwater Vehicles with State Feedback Controller Brij Kishor Tiwari and Rajiv Sharma * Design and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai (TN) 600036, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 February 2020; Accepted: 4 April 2020; Published: 8 April 2020 Abstract: The design process for Variable Buoyancy System (VBS) is not known in full, and existing approaches are not scalable. Furthermore, almost all the small size Autonomous Underwater Vehicles/Gliders (AUVs/G’s) use very low capacity of buoyancy change (in the range of few milliliters) and the large size AUVs require large buoyancy change. Especially for adverse weather conditions, emergency recovery or defense-related applications, higher rate of rising/sinking (heave velocity) is needed along with an ability to hover at certain depth of operation. Depth of UVs can be controlled either by changing the displaced volume or by changing the overall weight and, herein, our focus is on the later. This article presents the problem of design and analysis of VBS for efficient hovering control of underwater vehicles at desired depth using the state feedback controller. We formulate and analyze the design and analysis approach of VBS using the fundamental of mechanics, system dynamics integration and control theory. Buoyancy is controlled by changing the overall weight of the vehicle using the ballasting/de-ballasting of water in ballast tanks through the use of Positive Displacement Pump (PDP) for control in heave velocity and hovering depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Everything Is Ballast: an Examination of Ballast Related Practices
    EVERYTHING IS BALLAST: AN EXAMINATION OF BALLAST RELATED PRACTICES AND BALLAST STONES FROM THE EMANUEL POINT SHIPWRECKS by Matthew Julian Gifford B.A., Western Washington University, 2008 A thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences The University of West Florida In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Anthropology 2014 © 2014 Matthew Julian Gifford The thesis of Matthew Julian Gifford is approved: ______________________________________________ ________________________ John E. Worth, Ph.D., Committee Member Date ______________________________________________ ________________________ Gregory D. Cook, Ph.D., Committee Member Date ______________________________________________ ________________________ Christopher R. Kelson, Ph.D., Committee Member Date ______________________________________________ ________________________ John R. Bratten, Ph.D., Committee Chair Date Accepted for the Department/Division: ______________________________________________ ________________________ John R. Bratten, Ph.D., Chair Date Accepted for the University: ______________________________________________ ________________________ Richard S. Podemski, Ph.D., Committee Member Date ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful to Dr. Elizabeth Benchley, the UWF Archaeology Institute and the UWF Scholarly and Creative Activities Grant program whose support and funding were invaluable for the completion of this project. I am extremely thankful to my advisors who offered indispensable input and resources which
    [Show full text]
  • Golden Chaffcutter Thames Sailing Barge Trust
    Golden Chaffcutter Thames Sailing Barge Trust Issue 126 www.bargetrust.org January 2020 From the Helm 1 Centaur Celebrates 125th Birthday Membership 2 Renewal Newcomer to 3 Beccles Trainees Get to 4 Sail Blue Mermaid Centaur 125th 5 Birthday Centaur Update 6 Pudge Update 6 Film Show 8 Dates For Your 8 Diary 100 Club 9 2020 Sailing 9 Programme AGM Notice 11 Centaur at Brewery Wharf, Lewes c1905 Picture kindly provided by Society of Sailing Barge Research From the Helm Welcome to the first Golden rior of Pudge and dismantling, Kevin to develop a viewing area Chaffcutter of 2020. We are recording, refurbishing, repaint- at the Fullbridge where progress already a month into the new ing labelling and storing every- will be visible for all who are in- year, and the start date for thing that will need to be put terested. This is something that Pudge’s refurbishment is get- back in order for her to sail the Lottery are very keen on and ting much closer. Although again next year. will help us to engage with the the work has not formally general public. started yet, so much has al- The majority of the timber has ready been accomplished by now been sourced, and much of Of course, there is plenty of oth- the volunteers and the vari- it cut to size and delivered to er activity going on, some really ous committee members in Kevin Finch’s yard at the Full- positive, such as the mainte- getting preparations so far bridge where it will stand until nance program on Centaur which along.
    [Show full text]
  • Numerical and Experimental Studies of Sail Aerodynamics
    Departamento de Arquitectura y Construcci´onNavales Escuela T´ecnicaSuperior de Ingenieros Navales Universidad Polit´ecnicade Madrid PhD Thesis Numerical and Experimental Studies of Sail Aerodynamics By Ms. Patricia Izaguirre Alza M.Sc. in Naval Architecture Supervisor: Prof. Luis P´erezRojas Ph.D. in Naval Architecture Professor in Ship Theory 2012 ii Abstract The purpose of this investigation was the determination of the aerodynamic performance of sails and gain knowledge of the phenomena involved in order to improve the aerody- namic characteristics. In this research, the airflow around different sails in four scenarios was studied. The method to analyze these scenarios was the combination of numerical simulations and experimental tests by taking advantage of the best of each tool. Two different Com- putational Fluid Dynamic codes were utilized: the ANSYS-CFX and the CD-Adapco's STAR-CCM+. The experimental tests were conducted in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel at the Universidad de Granada (Spain), the Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel at the University of Auckland (New Zealand) and the A9 Wind Tunnel at the Universidad Polit´ecnicade Madrid (Spain). Through this research, it was found the three-dimensional effect of the mast on the aerodynamic performance of an IMS Class boat. The pressure distribution on a Transpac 52 Class mainsail was also determined. Moreover, the aerodynamic perfor- mance of the 43ft and 60ft Dhow Classes was obtained. Finally, a feasibility study was conducted to use a structural wing in combination with conventional propulsions systems. The main conclusion was that this research clarified gaps on the knowledge of the aerodynamic performance of sails.
    [Show full text]
  • A Standard of Safety for Thame
    REV 0511 A Standard of Safety for Thames Sailing Barges INTRODUCTION The traditional Thames Sailing Barge, with its distinctive spritsail rig, has evolved over the past 150 years as a highly efficient, safe craft, when manned by those experienced and qualified in the barges' traditions and heritage. It is recognised that it is necessary to establish a realistic system of equivalence to modern legislation that will allow the small remaining fleet of Thames Sailing Barges to continue to sail their historically established waters in a safe manner. It is recognised that the Maritime and Coastguard Agency Codes of Practice, developed to deal with small vessels operating commercially at sea, do not readily lend themselves to being applied to traditional vessels of this type which operate primarily within categorised waters. Therefore, the MCA, the Sailing Barge Association and the Association of Bargemen have developed an alternative method of providing an equivalent level of safety. It is the intention that the method of dealing with the safety of traditional Thames Sailing Barges should not only recognise the particular characteristics of the historic Thames Sailing Barges and their rigs, but also their operation and the certification of their crew. Thames Sailing Barges subject to the Thames Sailing Barge Certificate (the Certificate) may also operate as “pleasure vessels”1 if built before 21st July 1968 and less than 150 gross tonnage, between places on the United Kingdom coast. BACKGROUND In the early stages of development of the Code of Practice for the Safety of Small Commercial Vessels in Commercial Use for Sport or Pleasure Operating from a Nominated Departure Point (NDP Code), the Sailing Barge Association and the Association of Bargemen drew to the attention of the MCA (The Marine Safety Agency at that time) the difficulties that there would be in applying the proposed Code to traditional Thames Sailing Barges.
    [Show full text]
  • CONSTITUTION CLOSE UP: Minutiae for the Modeler and Artist
    CONSTITUTION CLOSE UP: Minutiae For The Modeler And Artist By Commander Tyrone G. Martin, U.S. Navy {Retired) A Timonier Working Monograph February2003, TGM TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Overview Abbreviations Hull Masts, Spars, Rigging, and Sails Spar Deck Gun Deck Berth Deck Orlop Deck Guns Boats Lucky Bag Appendices: A. Table of Mast and Spar Dimensions B. Standing Rigging Dimensions, 1797 C. Sail Dimensions, 1824 D. Some Rigging Work Notes, 1835 E. 24-pounder Long Gun Specifications, 1795 F. 24-pounder Long Gun Specifications, 1808 and 1816 G. 32-pounder Carronade Specifications, 1808 Glossary Introduction INTRODUCTION USS Constitution ("Old Ironsides") has been a major icon of the American experience for over two hundred years now. For those living and working in Boston, her black and white hull and raked masts towering nearly two hundred feet combine as a familiar, constant and reassuring sight where the Mystic and Charles Rivers join the harbor. Most assume they are seeing a ship that always has looked that way. Artists and model makers, however, tend to be more curious, to try and determine whether or not the ship had her current appearance at some point in the past, and if not, how she did look. What they soon discover is that, like most things in this world, the fabled frigate evolved over time, depending upon the use to which she was to be put and what the technology of the time offered. She began service bearing an allegorical figurehead above her cutwater, but it was lost in an accident a few years later. Her gun streak, over the years, went from yellow to white to yellow to white to red to white.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Ship and Boat Building Terms
    SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING TERMS Glossary: A collection of lists and explanations of abstruse, obsolete, dialectical or technical terms. O.E.D. Reference Document: Modern Shipbuilding Terms F. Forrest Pease, J. B. Lippincott Company This glossary gives definitions of many (but by no means all) of the ship/boat construction terms the marine surveyor will find. They relate to the hull only and are mainly those that the author learned when he was an apprentice shipwright. They include some very ancient ones and a few that are now obsolete but were still in use, again, when the author was a shipwright. The glossary is not confined to words used on small wooden or metal pleasure boats as it includes words relating to the construction and survey of vessels built of other materials and also many words relating to the commercial vessels that come within the small craft definition such as barges, coasters, small bulk carriers, tugs and trawlers, dredgers etc. It is useful to include such of these definitions as are appropriate as an appendix to any report prepared by the marine surveyor for expert witness or other legal purposes. The reference document above gives a number of terms not found in this glossary as it is aligned to big shipbuilding rather than small craft. It is, nevertheless, a useful addition to the marine surveyor’s library. Where American terms are known by the author to be different from the British both are given. Words specific to frp boats, canal boats and ferrocement are given in other glossaries in the relevant chapters above.
    [Show full text]
  • Clean Ballast NOD, Phase I Uniform National Discharge Standards For
    This document is part of Appendix A, Clean Ballast: Nature of Discharge for the “Phase I Final Rule and Technical Development Document of Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS),” published in April 1999. The reference number is EPA-842-R-99-001. Phase I Final Rule and Technical Development Document of Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS) Appendix A Clean Ballast: Nature of Discharge April 1999 NATURE OF DISCHARGE REPORT Clean Ballast 1.0 INTRODUCTION The National Defense Authorization Act of 1996 amended Section 312 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (also known as the Clean Water Act (CWA)) to require that the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) develop uniform national discharge standards (UNDS) for vessels of the Armed Forces for “...discharges, other than sewage, incidental to normal operation of a vessel of the Armed Forces, ...” [Section 312(n)(1)]. UNDS is being developed in three phases. The first phase (which this report supports), will determine which discharges will be required to be controlled by marine pollution control devices (MPCDs)—either equipment or management practices. The second phase will develop MPCD performance standards. The final phase will determine the design, construction, installation, and use of MPCDs. A nature of discharge (NOD) report has been prepared for each of the discharges that has been identified as a candidate for regulation under UNDS. The NOD reports were developed based on information obtained from the technical community within the Navy and other branches of the Armed Forces with vessels potentially subject to UNDS, from information available in existing technical reports and documentation, and, when required, from data obtained from discharge samples that were collected under the UNDS program.
    [Show full text]