Chapter 3 Evolution and Biodiversity

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Chapter 3 Evolution and Biodiversity

Chapter 3 Evolution and Biodiversity

General information on books can be reviewed at websites such as amazon.com.

Abell, Robin A., et al. 1999. Freshwater Ecoregions of the United States.

Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Aber, John, and Jerry Melito. 2001. Terrestrial Ecosystems. 2nd ed.

Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole

Ahrens, C. Donald. 2002. Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather,

Climate, and the Environment. 8th ed. Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole.

Akin, Wallace E. 1991. Global Patterns: Climate, Vegetation, and Soils.

Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Allan, J. David, and Maria M. Castillo. 2007. Stream Ecology: Structure and Functioning of Running Waters. 2nd ed. New York: Springer.

Allan, Nigel J. R., and Gregory W. Knapp 1993. Human Impact on

Mountains. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.

Allègre, Claude J., and Stephen H. Schneider. 1994. "The Evolution of the Earth." Scientific American, October, 66.

Allen, K. C., and D. E. G. Briggs, eds. 1991. Evolution and the Fossil

Record. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley. Allsop, Michelle, et al. 2007. Oceans in Peril: Protecting Marine

Biodiversity (Worldwatch Report 174). Washington, D. C. Worldwatch

Institute.

Amato, et al. 2006. “New Evidence for a Relationship Between Atlantic

Tropical Cyclone Activity and African Dust Outbreaks.” Geophysical

Research Letters, vol. 33.

American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS). Evolution. http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/index.html

American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS). Issues in Biotechnology. ht3p://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/index.html

American Museum of Natural History: Resources for Learning. http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl.php? set=b&intro=true&topic_id=1

Annenberg/CPB. Weather: What Forces Affect Our Weather. http://www.learner.org/exhibits/weather/

Attenborough, David. 1983. Life on Earth: A Natural History. London,

England: Little Brown.

Attenborough, David. 1986. The Living Planet. London, England: Little

Brown. Attenborough, David, et al. 1997. The Atlas of the Living World. 2nd ed.

London.: Marshall Editions.

Bailey, Robert G. 1998. Ecoregions: The Ecosystem Geography of the

Oceans and Continents. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Bailey, Robert G., and Lev Roses. 2002. Ecoregion-Based Design for

Sustainability. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Bains, William. 2003. Biotechnology A to Z. 3rd ed. Oxford University

Press.

Barbour, Michael G., and William D. Billings, eds. 1999. North American

Terrestrial Vegetation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Barry, R. G., et al. 2003. Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate. 8th ed.

London: Routledge.

Baskin, Yvonne. 1998. The Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life

Sustains Us. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Beatley, Timothy, et al. 2002. An Introduction to Coastal Zone

Management. 2nd ed. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Beattie, Andrew, and Paul Ehrlich. 2004. Wild Solutions: How Biodiversity is Money in the Bank. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

Becoming Human. Journey Through the Story of Human Evolution. http://www.becominghuman.org/ Beer, Tom. 1996. Environmental Oceanography. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla.:

CRC.

Bell, William J., et al. 2007. Cockroaches: Ecology, Behavior, and Natural

History. Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Benke, Arthur C., and Colbert E. Cushing. 2005. The Rivers of North

America. New York: Academic Press.

Benton, Michael. J. 1995. "Diversification and Extinction in the History of

Life." Science, vol. 268, 52.

Benton, Michael J. 2005. When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass

Extinction of All Time. London: Thames & Hudson.

Bhatt, S. D., and R. K. Pande, eds. 1992. Ecology of Mountain Waters.

New Delhi, India: South Asian Press.

Birkeland, Charles. 2004. “Ratcheting Down the Coral Reefs.” BioScience, vol. 54, no 11, 1021.

Bolen, Eric G., and Tamara R. Sayre. 1998. Ecology of North America.

Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

Bonnicksen, Andrea L. 2002. Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to

Stem Cells. Washington, D. C.: Georgetown University Press.

Bonnicksen, Thomas M. 2000. America's Ancient Forests: From the

Ice Age to the Age of Discovery. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley. Borem, Aluzio, et al. 2003. Understanding Biotechnology. Upper Saddle,

N. J.: Prentice-Hall.

Bourne, J. 2000. “Louisiana’s Vanishing Wetlands: Going, Going.”

Science, vol. 289, 1860-1863.

Bower, Joe. 2003. “Here Today, Gone Tomorrow (Seasonal Wetlands).”

Audubon, March 29. http://magazine.audubon.org/truenature/truenature0303.html

Brain, Marshall. “How Evolution Works.” http://www.howstuffworks.com/evolution2.htm

Bronmark, Christer, and Lars-Anders Hansson. 2005. The Biology of

Lakes and Ponds. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.

Brown, Barbara E., and John C. Ogden. 1993. "Coral Bleaching,"

Scientific American, January 64.

Brown, Bruce, and Lane Morgan. 1990. The Miracle Planet. Edison, N.

J.: W.H. Smith.

Brown, David E., et al. 1998. A Classification of North American Biotic

Communities. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Brown, James K. M., Mogens S. Hovmoller. 2002. “Aerial Dispersal of

Pathogens on the Global and Continental Scales and Its Impact on Plant

Disease.” Science, vol. 297, July 26, 537. Buchheim, Jason. 1998. Odyssey Expeditions, “Coral Bleaching.” http://www.marinebiology.org/coralbleaching.htm

Campbell. Craig S., and Michael Ogden. 1999. Constructed Wetlands in the Sustainable Landscape. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies (COAPS). Climate and Ocean Interactions. http://www.exploratorium.edu/climate/hydrosphere/index.html

Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). Biotechnology Project. http://cspinet.org/biotech/

Changnon, Stanley A., ed. 2000. El Nino 1997-1998: The Climate Event of the Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Chapin, F. Stuart, et al. 2004. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem

Ecology. New York: Springer Verlag.

Charlesworth, Brian. 2003. Evolution: A Very Short Introduction. New

York: Oxford University Press.

Chase, Jonathan M., and Mathew A. Leibold. 2003. Ecological Niches:

Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. Commoner, Barry. 2002. “Unraveling the DNA Myth.” Harper’s

Magazine, February, 39. http://www.mindfully.org/GE/GE4/DNA-Myth-

CommonerFeb02.htm

Condie, K. C. and R. E. Sloan. 1998. Origin and Evolution of the Earth:

Principles of Historical Geology. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Prentice Hall.

Cook, L. M. 1991. Genetic and Ecological Diversity. New York: Chapman

& Hall.

CORIS: NOAA’S Coral Reef Information System. http://www.coris.noaa.gov/

Couper, Alastair, ed. 1989. The Times Atlas and Encyclopedia of the Sea.

Rev. ed. New York: HarperCollins.

Coyne, Jerry A., and H. Allen Orr. 2004. Speciation. Sunderland, Mass.:

Sinauer.

Cushing, Colbert E. and J. David Allan. 2001. Streams: Their Ecology and Life. New York: Academic Press.

Daiber, Franklin C. 1986. Conservation of Tidal Marshes. New York: Van

Nostrand Reinhold.

Darwin, Charles. 1859. On the Origin of Species. New York: D. Appleton.

Dawkins, Rihard. 1987. The Blind Watchmaker. New York: W. W. Norton. Dean, Cornelia. 2001 Against the Tide: The Battle for America's Beaches.

Rev. ed. New York: Columbia University Press.

Dennett, Daniel C. 1996. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the

Meanings of Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Denniston, Derek. 1995. High Priorities: Conserving Mountain Ecosystems and Cultures. Washington, D. C.: Worldwatch Institute.

Diamond, Jared M. 2006. The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and

Future of the Human Animal. New York: Harper Perennial.

Dodds, Walter K. 2002. Freshwater Ecology: Concepts and Environmental

Applications. New York: Academic Press.

Donovan, S. K. and C. R. C. Paul, eds. 1998. The Adequacy of the Fossil

Record. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

Dugan, Patrick, ed. 1993. Wetlands in Danger: A World Conservation

Atlas. New York: Oxford University Press.

Dust Storms. Satellite Views. http://www.osei.noaa.gov/Events/Dust/

Dyer, K. 1998. Estuaries: A Physical Introduction. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N. J.:

Wiley.

Earle, Sylvia. 1996. Sea Change: A Message of the Oceans. New York:

Ballantine Books. Earle, Sylvia. 2001. National Geographic Atlas of the Ocean: The Deep

Frontier. Washington, D. C.: National Geographic Society.

Earle, Sylvia, and Henry Wolcott. 1999. Wild Ocean: America’s Parks

Under the Sea. Washington, D. C.: National Geographic.

Earth From Space. http://earth.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/efs/

Edmonson, W. T. 1991. The Uses of Ecology: Lake Washington and

Beyond. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Ehrlich, Paul R. 2002. Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human

Prospect. New York: Penguin.

Ehrlich, Paul R., and Peter Raven. 1967. “Butterflies and Plants: A Study in Coevolution.” Evolution, vol. 18, 586.

Eisler, Riane. 1988. The Chalice and the Blade: Our History, Our Future.

New York: HarperOne.

Eisley, Loren. 1959. The Immense Journey: An Imaginative Naturalist

Explores the Mysteries of Man and Nature. New York: Vintage.

Eldredge, Niles. 1994. The Miner's Canary: Unraveling the Mysteries of

Extinction. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.

Eldredge, Niles. 1997. Dominion. Berkeley: University of California Press. Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community: Ecosystems http://www.envirolink.org/topics.html? topicsku=2002109191029&topic=Ecosystems&topictype=topic

Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community: Oceans. http://www.envirolink.org/topics.html? topicsku=2002119151205&topic=Oceans&topictype=topic

Environmental Literacy Council. http://www.enviroliteracy.org/category.php/14.html

Exploratorium. Hydrosphere. http://www.exploratorium.edu/climate/hydrosphere/index.html

Exploratorium. Origins of Life. http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/index.html

Exploring the Seasons. http://www.astronomy.org/programs/seasons/

Fisheries and Oceans Canada. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/home- accueil_e.htm

Fortey, Richard. 1999. Life: A Natural History of the First Four Billion

Years of Life on Earth. New York: Vintage.

Fothergill, Alastair. 2007. Planet Earth As You Have Never Seen It Before.

Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. Freudenrich, Craig C. How Barrier Islands Work. http://www.howstuffworks.com/barrier-.htm

Fukuyama, Francis. 2003. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the

Biotechnology Revolution. New York: Picador.

Funnell, D. C. 2001. Mountain Environments and Communities. London:

Routledge.

Futuyma, Douglas J. 2005. Evolution. Sunderlnd, Mass.: Sinauer.

Garrison, Tom S. 2003. Essentials of Oceanography. 4th ed. Belmont,

Calif.: Brooks/Cole.

Garrison, Tom S. 2006. Oceanography: An Introduction to Marine

Science. 4th ed. Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole.

Garrison, Virginia H., et al. 2003. “African and Asian Dust: From Desert

Soils to Coral Reefs.” BioScience, vol. 53, no. 5, 469. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aibs/bio/2003/00000053/00000005/ art00008

Gaston, Kevin J., et al. 2004. Biodiversity: An Introduction. 2nd ed.

Cambridge, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell.

Geerts, Bart. 1997. Climate and Weather Explained. London: Routledge.

Gene Information. Gene Almanac. http://www.dnalc.org/ Geosphere Imagery. Images of the Earth. http://www.geosphere.com/imagery.html

Giller, Paul S., and Bjorn Malmgvist. The Biology of Rivers and Streams.

New York: Oxford University Press.

Glantz, Michael H., ed. 2002. La Nina and Its Impacts: Facts and

Speculation. New York: United Nations.

Globio: Mapping Human Impacts on the Biosphere. http://www.globio.info/

Goldman, C., and A. Horne. 1994. Limnology. Columbus, Ohio: McGraw-

Hill.

Goldsmith, Edward, et al. 1990. Imperiled Planet: Restoring Our

Endangered Ecosystems. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Golley, Frank B., ed. 1983. Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems: Structure and Function. New York: Elsevier.

Gordon, N. T., et al. 2004. Stream Hydrology: An Introduction for

Ecologists. 2nd ed. Hoboken. N. J. : Wiley.

Gould, Stephen Jay. 2002. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory.

Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Gould, Stephen Jay. 1992. Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural

History. New York: W. W. Norton. Griffin, Dale W., et al. 2002. “The Global Transport of Dust.” American

Scientist, vol. 90, 228. http://www.americanscientist.org/articles/02articles/Griffin.html

Groombridge, Brian, and Martin D. Jenkins. 2002. World Atlas of

Biodiversity: Earth’s Living Resources in the 21st Century. Berkeley:

University of California Press.

Hallam, A., and P. B. Wignall. 1997. Mass Extinctions and Their

Aftermath. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hare, Tony, ed. 1994. Habitats. New York: Macmillan.

Harrison, Robert P. 1992. Forests: The Shadow of Civilization. Chicago,

Ill.: University of Chicago Press.

Harte, John. 1996. The Green Fuse: An Ecological Odyssey. Berkeley:

University of California Press.

Harth, Erich. 1990. Dawn of a Millennium: Beyond Evolution and Culture.

New York: Penguin.

Hauer, F. Richard, and Gary A. Lamberti, eds. 2006. Methods in Stream

Ecology, 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press.

Hazen, Robert M. 2005. Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life’s Origin.

Washington, D. C.: Joseph Henry Press. Hey, Jody. 2001. Genes, Categories, and Species: The Evolutionary and

Cognitive Causes of the Species Problem. New York: Oxford University

Press.

Hinrichsen, Don. 1997. "Coral Reefs in Crisis." BioScience, vol. 47, no. 9,

554.

Hinrichsen, Don, and Stephen Olsen. 2001. Coastal Waters of the World:

Trends, Threats, and Strategies. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment.

2002 (With Annual Online Updates). The Nation’s Ecosystems:

Measuring the Land, Waters, Rivers, and Living Resources of the United

States. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://www.heinzctr.org/ecosystems/report.html

Hodges, Skip. 2006. “Climate and the Evolution of Mountains.” Scientific

American, August, pp. 72-79.

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., et al. 2007. “Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate

Change and Ocean Acidification.” Science, vol. 318, 1737-1742. See http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-12/ci-cru121007.php

Hooper, Judith. 2003. Of Moths and Men. New York: W. W. Norton.

Horne, Alexander, and Charles Goldman. 1994. Limnology. 2nd ed.

Columbus, Ohio: McGraw-Hill. Horsman, Paul. 2005. Out of the Blue: A Journey Through the World’s

Oceans. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Horvitz, Leslie A. 2001. Complete Idiot’s Guide to Evolution. Indianapolis,

Ind.: Alpha.

Hulot, Nicolas, et al. 2006. One Planet: A Celebration of Biodiversity. New

York: Harry N. Abrams.

Human Behavior & Evolution Society. http://www.hbes.com/

International Center for Technology Assessment (CTA). http://www.icta.org/

International Year of the Ocean. http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/facts/resource.htm

Irwin, Francis, and Janet Ranganathan. 2007. Restoring Nature’s

Capital: An Action Agenda to Sustain Ecosystem Services. Washington, D.

C.: World Resources Institute. http://www.wri.org/biodiv/pubs_description.cfm?pid=4309

Jeffries, Michael, et al. 1995. Freshwater Ecology: Principles and

Applications. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.

Topographic Images of the Earth. http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/ Kaiser, Michael J. et al. 2007. Marine Ecology: Processes, Systems, and

Impacts. New York: Oxford University Press.

Keddy, Paul A. 2000. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation. New

York: Cambridge University Press.

Keller, Evelyn F. 2002. The Century of the Gene. Cambridge, Mass.:

Harvard University Press.

Knoll. Andrew H. 2004. Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion

Years of Evolution on Earth. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.

Korner, C., et al., eds. 2002. Mountain Biodiversity: A Global Assessment.

Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC.

Kusler, Jon A., et al. 1994. "Wetlands." Scientific American, January 6.

Lamb, Simon, and David Sington. 2003. Earth Story: The Forces That

Have Shaped Our Planet. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.

Lane, Nick. 2003. Oxygen: The Molecule That Made the World. New York:

Oxford University Press.

Larson, Edward J. 2006. Evolution: The Remarkable History of a

Scientific Theory. New York: Modern Library.

Lavers, Chris. 2002. Why Elephants Have Big Ears: And Other Riddles from the Natural World. New York: St. Martin’s. Leakey, Richard, and Roger Lewin. 1993. Origins Reconsidered: In

Search of What Makes Us Human. New York: Anchor.

Leakey, Richard, and Roger Lewin. 1996. The Sixth Extinction: Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind. New York: Anchor.

Lemonick, Michael D., and Andrea Dorfman. 2002. “How Life Began.”

Time, July 29. 43.

Leslie, John. 1998. The End of the World: The Science and Ethics of

Human Extinction. London: Routledge.

Levin, H. L. 2007. The Earth Through Time. New York.: AIPI

Levin, Simon. 2000. Fragile Dominion: Complexity and the Commons.

New York: Basic Books.

Lightman, Alan, et al, eds. 2004. Living With the Genie: Essays on

Technology and the Quest for Human Mastery. Washington, D. C.: Island

Press.

Living Edens. http://www.pbs.org/edens/

Lombolino, Mark V., et al. 2005. Biogeography. 3rd ed. Sunderland, Mass.:

Sinauer.

Low, Bobbi S. 1999. Why Sex Matters: A Darwinian Look at Human

Behavior. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. Lunine, Jonathan I. 1998. Earth: Evolution of a Natural World. New York:

Cambridge University Press.

MacArthur, Robert H. 1958. “Population Ecology of Some Warblers of

Northeastern Coniferous Forests.” Ecology, vol. 39, 599.

MacArthur, Robert H. 1972. Geographical Ecology. New York:

HarperCollins.

MacDonald, Glenn. 2003. Biogeography: Introduction to Space, Time, and

Life. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

Margulis, Lynn. 2000. Symbiotic Planet: A New Look at Evolution. New

York: Perseus.

Margulis, Lynn.2002. Early Life. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and

Bartlett.

Margulis, Lynn, and Dorion Sagan. 2000. What Is Life? Berkeley:

University of California Press.

Margulis, Lynn, et al., eds. 2000. Environmental Evolution: Effects of the

Origin and Evolution of Life on Planet Earth. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass.:

MIT Press.

Massey, Rachel. 2001. “Biotech: The Basics—Part 1” Rachel’s Democracy

& Health News, #716, Jan. 18. http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index.cfm?

St=4 Massey, Rachel. 2001. “Biotech: The Basics—Part 2” Rachel’s Democracy

& Health News, #717, Feb. 1. http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index.cfm?

St=4

Massey, Rachel. 2001. “Biotech: The Basics—Part 3” Rachel’s Democracy

& Health News, #718, Feb. 15. http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index.cfm?

St=4

Massey, Rachel. 2001. “Biotech: The Basics—Final Part” Rachel’s

Democracy & Health News, #719, Mar. 1. http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index.cfm?St=4

Massey, Rachel. 2001. “Engineering Humans—Part 1” Rachel’s

Democracy & Health News, #721, Mar. 29. http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index.cfm?St=4

Massey, Rachel. 2001. “Engineering Humans—Part 2” Rachel’s

Democracy & Health News, #720, Mar. 15. http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index.cfm?St=4

Mayr, Ernst. 2002. What Evolution Is. New York: Basic Books.

McKibben, Bill. 2004. Enough: Staying Human in an Engineered Age. New

York: Holt Paperbacks.

Mehlman, Maxwell J. 2003. Wondergenes: Genetic Enhancement and the

Future. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-

Being. General Synthesis. Washington, D. C.: Island Press. http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/Synthesis.aspx and http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf and http://www.greenfacts.org/en/ecosystems/

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-

Being. Biodiversity Synthesis. Washington, D. C.: Island Press. http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.354.aspx.pdf and http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/index.htm

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-

Being. Vol. 1, Current State and Trends. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-

Being. Vol. 2, Scenarios. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-

Being. Vol. 3, Policy Responses. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-

Being. Vol. 4, Multiscale Assessments. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-

Being. Vol. 5, Our Human Planet: Summary for Decision Makers.

Washington, D. C.: Island Press. Mistry, J. 2000. World Savannas. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Prentice Hall.

Mitsch, William J., and James G. Gosselink. 2007. Wetlands, 4th ed.

Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

MODIS (NASA). Atmosphere Images. http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/

MODIS (NASA). Land Images. http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/

MODIS (NASA). Ocean Images. http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Montague, Tim. 2007. “Synthetic Biology—Genetic Engineering on

Steroids.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #895, Feb. 22. http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index.cfm?St=4

Monterey Bay Aquarium On-Line. http://www.mbayaq.org/

Mulhall, Douglas. 2002. Our Molecular Future: How Nanotechnology,

Robotics, and Genetics Will Transform the World. Amherst, N. Y.:

Prometheus.

Myers, Norman. 1997. "Mass Extinction and Evolution." Science, vol. 278,

597.

Myers, Norman. 1992. The Primary Source: Tropical Forests and Our

Future. Rev ed. New York: W. W. Norton.

NASA. The Carbon Cycle. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/CarbonCycle/ NASA. Earth’s Radiation Budget. http://shire.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/radiation_facts.html

NASA. Global Hydrology & Climate Center. http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/ghcc_home.html

NASA. Visual Images of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Climate. http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/Atmosphere/

Nash, J. Madeline. 2002. El Nino: Unlocking the Secrets of the Master

Weather-Maker. New York: Warner.

National Academy of Sciences. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and

Boundaries. Washington, D. C.: National Academies Press.

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII). http://www.nbii.gov/index.html

National Geographic. Map Machine. http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine/

National Geographic. 2001. Wild World: Terrestrial Ecosystems of the

World. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/terrestrial.html? id=1&mapServiceName=WW_Terrecos&locWidth=120&locHeight=72&c

Minx=-60.892696&cMiny=-25.532326&cMaxx=-41.372337&cMaxy=-

4.71424500000001&size=small&detail=detailed National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). http://www.noaa.gov/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Coral Reef

Conservation Program. http://www.coris.noaa.gov/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Coral Reef

Information System (CORIS). http://www.coris.noaa.gov/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Ocean. http://www.noaa.gov/ocean.html

Natural History Museum. London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/

Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Clean Water and Oceans. http://www.nrdc.org/water/conservation/atrisk/contents.asp

New York Times. Genetically Modified Organisms (Collection of Articles). http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/health/gm-index.html

Niering, William A. 1991. Wetlands of North America. Legacy Words.

Nisbet, E. G. 1991. Living Earth. New York: HarperCollins.

Oceana. Protecting and Restoring the World’s Oceans. http://www.oceana.org/

Ocean Conservancy. http://www.oceanconservancy.org/site/PageServer? pagename=home Oceanography. Ocean Habitats and Research. http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/

Oldfield, Sara. 2003. Rainforest. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Oliver, John E., and John J. Hidore. 2001. Climatology: An Atmospheric

Science. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Prentice Hall.

Olson, David M., et al. 2000. "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New

Map of Life on Earth." BioScience, vol. 51, no. 11, 933. http://www.worldwildlife.org/science/data/terreco.cfm

Palumbi, Stephen R. 2001. "Humans as the World’s Greatest Evolutionary

Force." Science, vol. 293, 1786.

Parker, Andrew. 2004. In the Blink of an Eye. New York: Perseus.

Parris, Thomas M. 1998. “Blame It on El Niño: Key Websites.”

Environment, vol. 40, no. 4, 3.

Parris, Thomas M. 2000. “Space Pixels: The Next Generation of Earth

Sensing: Key Websites for Images of the Earth.” Environment, vol. 42, no.

7, 3.

Pennisi, Elizabeth. 2007. “Spawning for a Better Life: Deciphering the

Riddles of Coral Reproduction.” Science, vol. 318, 1712-1717,

People & Planet. Coasts and Oceans. http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=429§ion=6 People & Planet. Forests. http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php? id=1480§ion=1

People & Planet. Mountains. http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php? id=966§ion=11

Pernetta, John. 2000. Philip’s Atlas of the Oceans. 2nd ed. New York:

Sterling.

Pew Oceans Commission. http://www.pewoceans.org/

Pew Oceans Commission. 2004. America’s Living Oceans: Final Report. http://www.pewoceans.org/oceans/

Pilkey, Orin H., Jr., and William J. Neal, eds. 1987. Living with the

Shore. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Pimentel, David, et al. 1997. "Economic and Environmental Benefits of

Biodiversity." BioScience, vol. 47, no. 11, 747.

Pimm, Stuart L. 2004. A Scientist Audits the Earth. Brunswick, N. J.:

Rutgers University Press.

Postel, Sandra L. 2005. "From the Headwaters to the Sea: The Critical

Need to Protect Freshwater Ecosystems." Environment, vol. 47, no. 10, 8-21.

Potts, Rick. 1997. Humanity's Descent: The Consequences of Ecological

Instability. New York: Avon. Powledge, Fred. 2006. “ The Millennium Assessment.” BioScience,

November, 880-886.

Primack, Richard, and Richard Corlett. 2004. Tropical Rain Forests.

Cambridge, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell.

Quammen, David. 2004. “Was Darwin Wrong?” National Geographic,

November, 2.

Rainforest Action Network. http://www.ran.org/

Raup, David M. 1992. Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck.” New York: W.

W. Norton.

Reaka-Kudla, Marjorie, Don E. Wilson, and Edward O. Wilson, eds.

1996. Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological

Resources. Washington, D. C.: John Henry.

Reefbase. A Global Information System on Coral Reefs. http://www.reefbase.org/

Reef Education Network (REN). Coral Reefs. http://www.reef.edu.au/

Ricketts, Taylor H., et al. 1999. Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America.

Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Ridley, Mark, ed. 2004. Evolution, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University

Press. Rothenberg, David, and Wandee J. Pryor, eds. 2004. Writing the Future:

Progress and Evolution. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Routhgarden, Joan. 2006. Evolution and Christian Faith: Reflections of an

Evolutionary Biologist. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Ruse, Michael, and Ayne Sheppard. 2001. Cloning: Responsible Science or Technomadness? Amherst, N. Y.: Prometheus.

Ryan, John C. 2002. "Dust in the Wind." World Watch, January/February,

32. http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/EP151C.pdf

Sapp, Jan. 2003. What Is Natural? Coral Reef Crisis. New York: Oxford

University Press.

Sarkar, Sahotra. 2005. Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy. New

York: Cambridge University Press.

Schopf, J. William. 2001. Cradle of Life: The Discovery of Earth’s Earliest

Fossils. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Schopf, J. William. 2002. Life’s Origin: The Beginnings of Biological

Evolution. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.

Schwartzman, David. 2002. Life, Temperature, and the Earth. New York:

Columbia University Press.

Scientific Errors About the Greenhouse Effect. http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/Bad/BadGreenhouse.html Scripps Institution of Oceanography. http://www.sio.ucsd.edu/

SeaWeb. http://www.seaweb.org/

Seager, Richard. 2006. “The Source of Europe’s Mild Climate.” American

Scientist, vol. 94, 334-341. http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/51963? fulltext=true&print=yes

Simon, Noel. 1995. Nature in Danger: Threatened Habitats and Species.

New York: Oxford University Press.

Smil, Vaclav. 2003. The Earth’s Biosphere. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Smith, Stephen V, et al. 2003. “Humans, Hydrology, and the Distribution of Inorganic Nutrient Loading in the Ocean.” BioScience, vol. 53, no. 3, 235.

Smithsonian Institution Exhibition. Ocean Planet. http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ocean_planet.html

Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. http://www.mnh.si.edu/

Southwood, Richard. 2004. The Story of Life. New York: Oxford

University Press.

Spalding, Mark D., et al. 2001. World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley:

University of California Press.

Stauffer, Robert C. 1957. “Haeckel, Darwin, and Ecology.” Quarterly

Review of Biology, vol. 32, 138. Stearns, Stephen C., and Rolf F. Hoekstra. 2005. Evolution.2nd ed. New

York: Oxford University Press.

Stevenson, Robert F., and Frank H. Talbot. 1994. Oceans. Emmaus, Pa.:

Rodale.

Stock, Gregory. 2002. Redesigning Humans: Our Inevitable Genetic

Future. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Summerhays, Soames. 2002. “Rescuing Reefs in Hot Water.” Nature

Conservancy, Fall, 23.

Suzuki, David T., et al. 2005. From Naked Ape to Superspecies: Humanity and the Global EcoCrisis. Vancouver, B. C., Canada: Greystone.

Tapponier, Paul, and Kevin King. 2006. Mountains: Masterworks of the

Living Earth. New York: Harry N. Abrams.

Teal, John, and Mildred Teal. 1991. Life and Death of a Salt Marsh. New

York: Ballantine.

Terborgh John. 2004. Requiem for Nature. Washington, D. C.: Island

Press.

Tattersall, Ian. 1996. The Fossil Trail: How We Know What We Think We

Know About Human Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.

Terraserver. Aerial and Satellite Earth Photos. http://www.terraserver.microsoft.com/ The Evolutionist. http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/cpnss/darwin/evo/index.htm

Thorne-Miller, Boyce. 1999. The Living Ocean: Understanding and

Protecting Marine Biodiversity. 2nd ed. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.

Topographic Maps of the United States. http://www.topozone.com/

Trujillo, Alan P., and Harold V. Thurman. 2007. Introductory

Oceanography, 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Prentice Hall.

Tudge, Colin. 1991. The Environment of Life. New York: Oxford

University Press.

Turner, B. L., et al., eds. 1993. The Earth as Transformed by Human

Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Last 300

Years. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Tyson, Neil D., and Donald Goldsmith. 2004. Origins: Fourteen Billion

Years of Cosmic Evolution. New York: W. W. Norton.

UC Berkeley World Vegetation Maps. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/vegmaps.html

United Nations. Atlas of the Oceans. http://www.oceansatlas.org/index.jsp United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). World Atlas of

Biodiversity. http://stort.unep-wcmc.org/imaps/gb2002/book/viewer.htm

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2002. Global

Environment Outlook 3. Coastal and Marine Areas. http://www.unep.org/GEO/geo3/english/313.htm United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2007. Global

Environmental Outlook 4. Biodiversity. http://www.unep.org/geo/geo4/report/05_Biodiversity.pdf

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2007. Global

Environment Outlook 4. Land. http://www.unep.org/geo/geo4/report/03_Land.pdf

University of Illinois, Department of Atmospheric Sciences. The

Hydrologic Cycle. http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/

(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/home.rxml

University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Department of Geography and

Geology. 2004. Climatology and Meteorology Resources. http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/internet/climate.html

Upgren, Arthur, and Jurgen Stock. 2001. Weather: How It Works and

Why It Matters. New York: Perseus.

USA Today. Weather Graphic Index” http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wgraph0.htm

USA Today. Understanding Weather Forecasting. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wforcst0.htm

USA Today. Resources: El Niño and La Niña http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/basics/wnino0.htm USA Today. Understanding Winds and Jet Streams http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wwind0.htm

U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. 2004. Developing a National Ocean Policy. Preliminary Report. http://oceancommission.gov/documents/welcome.html U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service. 1995. Our

Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm

U.S. Geological Survey. 2004. Global Land Cover Characterization. Map http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/glcc/glcc.asp

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Oceans, Coasts, & Estuaries. http://www.epa.gov/owowwtr1/oceans/ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Water. http://www.epa.gov/water/ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Wetlands. http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/ U.S. Global Change Research Program. Land Use/Land Cover Change. http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/ProgramElements/land.htm

Valiela, Ivan, et al. 2001. "Mangrove Forests: One of the World’s

Threatened Major Tropical Environments." BioScience, vol. 51, no. 10, 807. van der Valk, Arnold. 2006. The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands. New

York: Oxford University Press.

Vileisis, Ann. 1999. Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of

America's Wetlands. Washington, D. C.: Island Press. Walker, Sharon. 2006. Biotechnology Demystified. Columbus, Ohio:

McGraw-Hill Professional.

Wallace, David Rains. 2007. Neptune’s Ark: From Ichthyosaurs to Orcas.

Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.

Ward, Peter D. 2002. Rivers in Time: The Search for Clues to Earth’s

Mass Extinctions. New York: Columbia University Press.

Ward, Peter D. 2001. Future Evolution: An Illuminated History of Life to

Come. New York: W. H. Freeman.

Ward, Peter D. 2004. Gorgon: Paleontology, Obsession, and the Greatest

Catastrophe in Earth’s History. New York: Viking.

Ward, Peter D. 2007. Under a Green Sky: Global Warming, the Mass

Extinctions of the Past, and What They Can Tell Us About Our Future. New

York: Collins.

Ward, Peter D., and Donald Brownlee. 2004. Rare Earth: Why Complex

Life is Rare in the Universe. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Water on the Web. http://waterontheweb.org/aboutus/index.html

Water on the Web. Lake Ecology Primer. http://waterontheweb.org/under/lakeecology/12_producers.html Weber, Michael L., and Judith A. Gradwohl. 1995. The Wealth of

Oceans: Environment and Development on Our Ocean Planet. New York:

W. W. Norton.

Weber, Peter. 1993. Abandoned Seas: Reversing the Decline of the Oceans.

Washington, D. C.: Worldwatch Institute.

Weigel, Marlene, ed. 1999. Encyclopedia of Biomes. Farmington Hills,

Michigan: UXL.

Weiner, Jonathan. 1995. The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in

Our Time. New York: Vintage,

Weisman, Alan. 2007. The World Without Us. New York. Thomas Dunne

Books.

Wells, Sue, and Nick Hanna. 1992. The Greenpeace Book of Coral Reefs.

New York: Sterling.

Wetzel, Robert G. 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. 3rd ed.

New York: Academic Press.

Whitford, Walter. 2002. Ecology of Desert Systems. New York: Academic

Press.

Whitmore, T. C. 1999. An Introduction to Tropical Rain Forests. 2nd ed.

New York: Oxford University Press. Whitty, Julia. 2006. “The Fate of the Ocean.” Mother Jones, March-

April, 32-48.

Wildlife Conservation Society. The Human Footprint. http://www.wcs.org/sw-high_tech_tools/landscapeecology/humanfootprint

WildWorld. Interactive maps of the worlds terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/terrestrial.html

Williams, Jack. Frequently Asked Questions: Weather. USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/askjack/wfaq0.htm

Williams, Jack. Frequently Asked Questions: El Niño and La Niña. USA

Today. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/askjack/wfaqenfx.htm

Williams, Jack. 1997. The Weather Book. 2nd ed. New York: Random

House (Vintage).

Wilson, E. O., ed. 1988. Biodiversity. Washington, D. C.: National

Academies Press.

Wilson, Edward O. 1994. The Diversity of Life. New York: Penguin.

Wilson, Edward O. 2002. The Future of Life. New York: Knopf.

Wohl, Ellen. 2004. Disconnected Rivers: Linking Rivers to Landscapes.

New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL). http://www.mbl.edu/

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. http://www.whoi.edu/ Woods Hole Research Center. http://www.whrc.org/

World Resources Institute. Earth Trends: The Environmental Information

Portal. http://earthtrends.wri.org/

World’s Biomes. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu//glossary/gloss5/biome/index.html

Worldwatch Institute. Freshwater Ecosystems. http://www.worldwatch.org/topics/nature/freshwater/

Worldwatch Institute. Oceans. http://www.worldwatch.org/topics/nature/ocean/

World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Endangered Seas Programme. http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/marine/index.cfm

World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The Living Planet Report. Published every two years. http://www.panda.org/news_facts/publications/living_planet_report/index.cf m

World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Living Waters Programme. http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater/index.cfm

Zimmer, Carl. 2006. Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea. New York:

Harper Perennial.

Recommended publications