29 Peran Dinas Pariwisata Kota Semarang Dalam Upaya

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29 Peran Dinas Pariwisata Kota Semarang Dalam Upaya Jurnal HISTORIA Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016, ISSN 2337-4713 (e-ISSN 2442-8728) PERAN DINAS PARIWISATA KOTA SEMARANG DALAM UPAYA MELESTARIKAN GEDUNG LAWANG SEWU SEBAGAI OBJEK WISATA PENINGGALAN BELANDA DI KOTA SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2011 – 2014 Ria Ari Minarti Program StudI Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro Sumiyatun Program StudI Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro email: [email protected] Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dinas pariwisata kota Semarang dalam upaya melestarikan Gedung Lawang Sewu sebagai objek wisata peninggalan Belanda di kota Semarang Jawa Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model dari James Spradley. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya pelestarian Gedung Lawang Sewu sebagai objek wisata peninggalan Belanda belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, hal ini dikarnakan upaya perlindungan cagar budaya Gedung Lawang Sewu sebagai cagar budaya belum dilakukan secara maksimal. Kata kunci: Pelestarian, Lawang Sewu, Wisata, Semarang Jawa Tengah. Abstract This study aims to determine the role of the agency in Semarang in an effort to preserve the Building Lwang Sewu as a tourist attraction by the Netherlands in Semarang, Central Java. This type of research is qualitative by using the phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques used were interviviews, observation, literature and documentation. Data analysis technique used is the modal of James Spardley. The result of this research shows that Lawang Sewu Building preservation effort as the tourist attraction of Netherlands heritage is not running as it should, it is because the protection of cultural heritage Lawang Sewu Building as a cultural heritage has not done optimally. Keyword : Conservation, Lawang Sewu, Tourist, Semarang Central Java. PENDAHULUAN tidak dapat dipisahkan dari Kota Semarang merupakan salah perkembangan bentuk-bentuk bangunan satu kota peninggalan zaman kolonial. Eropa pada masa lalu, meskipun dalam Terbukti masih terdapat sejumlah penerapan gayanya tidak sesempurna di bangunan kolonial yang tersisa. Eropa. Nama Lawang Sewu memang tak Bangunan tersebut ada yang berada di asing lagi bagi warga Kota Semarang. daerah utara Kota Semarang, yaitu Bangunan bersejarah Lawang kawasan Kota Lama, ada juga yang Sewu merupakan salah satu “tetenger“ berada di tengah-tengah kota, salah Kota Semarang yang sangat menonjol satunya Lawang Sewu. Dimana dalam pada daerah Tugu Muda dan berperan perkembangan bentuk bangunannya dalam membentuk citra lingkungan 29 Peran Dinas Pariwisata Kota Semarang..., Ria Ari Minarti dan Sumiyatun, 29-37 setempat. Dijuluki Lawang Sewu (pintu istilah pariwisata yang disebut istilah seribu) karena memiliki begitu banyak natural amenties, hasil ciptaan manusia pintu serta busur-busur yang kelompok ini dapat dibagi dalam empat mengesankan rongga. Juga merupakan bagian yaitu benda-benda yang salah satu saksi bisu dari sejarah Kota bersejarah, kebudayaan dan Semarang yang masih berdiri sampai keagamaan, dan tatacara hidup sekarang ini (Soerjonosoepomo, 1979: tradisional dari suatu tempat 24). merupakan salah satu sumber yang Tempat-tempat bersejarah amat penting untuk ditawarkan kepada tersebut harus tetap dilakukan para wisatawan (Marioti, 2002: 8-9). pelestarian guna melindungi dan Objek wisata yang terdapat di merawat tempat maupun benda-benda kota Semarang antara lain, Gedung bersejarah agar dapat terlihat utuh. Lawang Sewu, Masjid Agung Jawa Awal pelestarian melakukan konservasi, Tengah, Museum Ronggo Warsito yaitu upaya melestarikan dan Klenteng Sam Poo Kong dan masih melindungi sekaligus memanfaatkan banyak obyek wisata lain yang masih sumber daya suatu tempat dengan dalam taraf pengembangan. Faktor- adaptasi terhadap fungsi baru, tanpa faktor penunjang antara lain meliputi: menghilangkan makna kehidupan Bandara Ahmad Yani, jasa penginapan budaya (Nia Kurmasih Pontoh,1999:36- dan restoran, sarana transportasi jalur 37). lintas yang strategis yang Upaya pelestarian tersebut tidak menghubungkan kota-kota besar di terlepas dari peran Dinas Pariwisata Jawa seperti Jakarta, Bandung, untuk selalu melakukan peninjauan Yogjakarta dan Surabaya, serta sarana terhadap objek-objek wisata bersejarah komunikasi yang memadai. yang berada di kota Semarang, karena Pengembangan terhadap sektor ini kota Semarang terdapat beberapa telah menyumbangkan sejumlah tempat bersejarah yang dapat penambahan bagi pendapatan daerah digunakan sebagai sumber belajar (Direktorat Bina Pemasaran Pariwisata, maupuan objek wisata. Segala sesuatu Dirjen Pariwisata, Data Base Dan yang terdapat di daerah tujuan wisata Produk Wisata). yang merupakan daya tarik orang-orang agar mau datang berkunjung kesuatu METODE PENELITIAN tempat dengan tujuan wisatanya adalah Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di benda-benda yang tersedia dan gedung Lawang Sewu yang bertempat di terdapat di alam semesta, yang dalam kota Semarang Jawa Tengah, dengan 30 Jurnal HISTORIA Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016, ISSN 2337-4713 (e-ISSN 2442-8728) menggunakan metode penelitian (Moleong 2008:302) dengan cara analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan domain dilakukan terhadap data yang pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan diperoleh dari pengamatan berperan fenomenologi menunda semua penilaian serta/wawancara pengamatan tentang sikap yang alami sampai deskriptif yang terdapat dalam catatan ditemukan dasar tertentu. Penundaan lapangan, analisis taksonomi yaitu ini biasa disebut epoche (jangka waktu) melakukan pengamatan dan wawancara konsep epoche adalah memebedakan terfokus berdasarkan fokus yang wilayah data (subjek) dengan sebelumnya telah dipilih oleh peneliti, interpretasi peneliti. Konsep epoche dan analisis tema kultural merupakan menjadi pusat dimana peneliti seperangkat prosedur untuk memahami menyusun dan mengelompokkan dugaan secara holistic pemandangan yang awal tentang fenomena untuk mengerti sedang diteliti. tentang apa yang dikatakan responden Tahap selanjutnya yaitu (Creswell, 1998:54-55). pengecekan keabsahan data melalui Teknik pengumpulan data teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan yang menggunakan wawancara dengan nara disarankan oleh Moleong (2008:324) sumber pengurus gedung Lawang Sewu, yang meliputi derajat kepercayaan pengunujung dan masyarakat yang ada (credibility), keteralihan di sekitar gedung Lawang Sewu, (transferability), kebergantungan melakukan observasi yang bertujuan (dependability), dan kepastian untuk mengamati langsung lokasi (confrimbility). penelitian dan mengadakan pencatatan-pencatatan untuk HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN memperoleh data tertentu. Selanjutnya Benda cagar budaya merupakan melakukan studi pustaka dengan cara kekayaan budaya bangsa, pemanfaatan pengumpulan data dan juga membaca adalah upaya pendayagunaan bagi berdasarkan buku-buku sumber tertulis kepentingan agama, sosial, pariwisata, yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang ilmu pengetahuan, dan kebudayaan. diteliti, dan yang terakhir melalui Peninggalan banguanan bersejarah dokumen untuk sumber data. perlu dilindungi, dilestarikan, dan Setelah data diperoleh, data dikembangkan, serta adanya akan dideskripsikan dan dianalisis, pemanfaatan untuk memupuk jati diri Analisis data pada penelitian ini bangsa dan kepentingan nasional menggunakan tehnik analisis data lainnya serta kepetingan daerah pada kualitatif model dari James Spradley khususnya. Perlindungan dan 31 Peran Dinas Pariwisata Kota Semarang..., Ria Ari Minarti dan Sumiyatun, 29-37 pemeliharaan terhadap bangunan Lawang Sewu dilaksanakan oleh PT KAI sejarah tidak lain merupakan upaya Kota Semarang yang berkerajasam pelestarian terhadap keberadaan benda dengan Dinas Pariwisata Kota Semarang peninggalan sejarah dan budaya. Upaya dan Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Jawa pelestarian benda peninggalan sejarah Tengah. Pemugaran dilakukan dengan serta budaya tersebut besar artinya melalui dua tahapan, yang pertama untuk menumbuhkan apresiasi bangunan dan yang kedua lingkungan. masyarakat untuk melestarikan benda Pemugaran dilakukan dengan cara cagar budaya disekitarnya. pengecetan ulang dinding yang sudah Semarang merupakan salah satu usang dan penggantian kaca serta daun daerah yang memiliki benda cagar pintu di ruang kantor gedung. budaya. berdasarkan surat keputusan Pelestarian suatu bangunan Walikota Madya kepala daerah tingkat II bersejarah tidak terpelas dari peran Semarang No: 646/50/1992 tentang masyarakat setempat maupun para konservasi bangunan-bangunan pengujung yang datang ke tempat kuno/bersejarah di kota Semarang objek tersebut. Di sekitar Gedung salah satunya adalah Gedung Lawang Lawang Sewu kesadaran masyarakat Sewu dan kawasan Kota Lama. Gedung atau pengunjung masih kurang terhadap ini merupakan bangunan tua yang kebersihan lingkungan, walaupun telah terletak di ujung jalan Pemuda Persisi disediakan tempat sampah, namun di sebelah kanan Tugu Muda yang pengunjung masih tetap membuang memiliki gaya arsitektur Belanda. sampah sembarangan. Keberadaan Gedung Lawang Dalam pembangunan Gedung Sewu ini merupakan peninggalan Lawang Sewu kedepanya agar bisa sejarah yang sangat penting, untuk dikombinasikan antara kepentingan menggali dan mengetahui kembali teknis dan kepentingan politis. Artinya sejarah dan budaya kota Semarang Gedung Lawang Sewu sebagai cagar dimasa lalu. berkaitan dengan upaya budaya atau gedung bersejarah, untuk pelestarian, maka pemerintah melalui kepentingan studi dan ilmiah dapat dinas
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