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The message also announced that the [Mr. EASTLAND and Mr. STENNIS]' the SENATE House had disagreed to the amendments Senator from Delaware [Mr. FREAR], the of the Senate to the bill

There being no objection, the tables -would be developed and indicate puinp- There is a t ~nd ency to try to irrigate too were prdered to be printed in the RECORD, age in excess of safe annual yield. much land with thl3 ainount·-0f water as follows: · Mr. CHAVEZ. Surface water? available. The re~mlt 'is that the proper Ta'ble 5, found on page R-31 of the Bureau Mr. McFARLAND. ' Yes; surface wa- .yield is not obtained from the lands, and of Reclamation Report, shows the new sur­ ter to be developed. . salinity incrrnses. In turn that makes face water needed at the district head gates · Mr. President, the need for the addi- the land worthless. to be 1,082,000 acre-feet, which needs are set tional water for irrigation in Arizona The water they would have available ~orth in the following table: · cannot be overemphasized; and the only would be of high salt content, and under .. Water neededr-Ultimate development remaining source is the main stream of these conditions they could not produce Acre-feet the Colorado River; · an other sources anywhere near the maximum amount of New surface water at district head a year have been exhausted. As has been shown crops their land is capable of producing. gates------~------~- 1,082,000 by the Bureau of Reclamation tables, So, practically all the farmers of the -Arizona is overpumping her present un- State would in time become bankrupt Pumpage in excess of safe annual derground water supply to the extent and those dependent upon. them would yield------468,000 Increase in safe annual yield of that if she does not get relief it will mean be unable to pay their portion of the · ground water due · to Colorado disaster. The ·underground water sup- .bonded indebtedness for the schools and River water diverted to area____ 4-00, 000 ply is dropping .' lower each year, and other improvements built upon the with the use and reuse of this water 'its present economy. · Net reduction in pumping__ 68, 000 salinity h~s b.ecopie g_~eater-:-to the ~x- It would mean that thqusands of -peo­ .Otitfiow to mainta_in salt balance_ 376, ooo tent that in a matter of time much of it ·ple would lose their homes, and this Net reduction in pumping will not be usable. would affect the bankers and business­ available ,for irrigation___ 444, 000 . Mr. .CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the :men and break down the whole economy Reduction in water at farm J:i.ead _Senator yield? of the State of Arizona. But that is not , gate, assuming a 15-percent loss · Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. ·alt It would mean that all these people, for pumped water ______· 377, 000 Mr. CHA:VEZ. I ·do not like to inter- farmers and businessmen, would ·lose · ' - rupt .the Senator. if he does not care to ·their· buying ·power. ·They could not Surface diversions required to re- - · continue to purchase manufactured : place 377,000 aQie-feet a y~ar, as- ·be interrupted. articles and' supplies from other sections suming losses of 30 percent for ,I diverted water ______;______539, 000 : Mr. McFARLAND. · I am glad to be ·of the United states; arid :Perhaps 'most in-terr-upted. · ·. · ·. · '· · · significant of all, it would mean that Supplemental water required for· ~the .: lands now irrigated_: __ '_ _: ___ :..::- · 113, 000 : ¥r. . CH~VEZ. · :-.Abpl,J.t . ~2 ·moqths ago .present ·sum of bank doll~rs paid an­ -Water · required · ·for · municipal the . uPP.er:-basil,l - State~, nually in income taxes to th~ United · supply ______;_ .. ______·; ___ ·---": 12, 000 ,colol'ado, -New Mexico,' and Utah~held states GOve-rnment -would . dwindle -to a conference with reference to the dis- J;>racticaily ~ottiing ... ".rh.e· infries . and Subtotal-----~---~------~- 66~.ooo tribution or-allocation-·of ·waters: under .other fridustri:es ·of . the ~ State' would "be · ,-' 'the Boulder Dam compact. . As I under- ·saddled witli alLthe -.bo:Qded , indebtedn~·ss Water available ·for lands formerly.' stahti, 'the ·biU-wliiCh ·the Senator is now ·onhe state arid its subt:livisions, an:d th~ : _irdgatea . b~t_'n~~ ~~1e·~ for .. ~~ck .sponsoring does not· propose· in· any· way added burden of all the costs ·of State of water------· 418,000 -to .interfere with .the rights which have ·goverrinient'including the support of the ·. Th~ new s~race 'w.ater to i>e deveioped to heretofore accrued under. the Boulder ·schools; · -Thus; the whole economy· of 'meet these needs. is set· forth. in table 4, ·Dam· compact, 'or. the understandings Arizona would be seriously affected. It 'p. R-2a,':or' the_.Bul'eau of Reclamation Re· among the upper-basin States. ·has been estimated, as I have previously port, ·as. follows: · · - · · · Mr. McFARLAND. It would not in stated, that a quarter of a million- peo".' ~New ~u~/¥~ w~t~r de_ve.loped _. by cenirciz Ari­ any way aifect the compact b'etween the ple would actually ·have .to leave the . _:~,onq. pr9ject-:--Ultif!tate deveZopmen ~ upper-basin States to which the Senator state. Those people· would be displaced . , .Acre;-feet has .just refei;red. · · . -persons.' -Whe:re . would they go, . under New .water avaAl!).ble: . . . a ye_q,r , · · Mr. CHAVEZ. Colorado ·is · allocated· 'ordinary circumstances-? . .Diverted fr.om Colorado River_ .1,200, 000 - a certain . ameunt, Wyoming , a ·certain There can.be no ciues-tion that Arizona . pev.~lqped by ·Horsesl).oe Dam· · . ' . . :amount, _Utah a certain ·amount, and . ·needs this· water to' mafota'in: her ecori.­ en~argement ~~: -- = ~-~-~---~ ~ 4~.ooo Developed ·by Buttes Reser-· ·New Mexico a certain amount. Is it tr.ue 'oiny. Witnesses represen#ng Callf9rnia - voir_;. _____ ~_ -___ :__.;. ___ .____ ._ . 64, 000 ·that the proposed legislation would not interests acknowledge the . existence of · ·Developed by upper Gila River in _any .way .interfere with those rights? Arizona's needs, but :question the extent . .developments _____ .;; ______19, 000 Mr: McFARLAND. The distinguished iof water necessary to meet such needs. . Channel -losses. conserved by · , Senator from New Mexico is correct. Now, Mr. President, let us turn to the . Charleston· Re~ervoir ______. ·. 7, 000 However, · I ·may say·to him that while question of ·· the - water - supply. ·' When 'Gross ne'Y·surface 'wa_ter: _ 1: 332, ooo · under our interpretation of' the Colo• -speaking of the availability of water, one rado River compact and the Boulder must remember that there is the separate ·Losses, Granite Reef aqueduct____ 200, 000 ·canyon Project Act, they could not be item of the physical quantities which Losses; ·salt-Gila ·aqueduct __ .;_.;._;. · 50, ooo affected in any way. If one accepts may be available, and the distinct but ·some of .the interpretations by .Califor- related item of legal entitlement to the Total-aqueduct losses ______· 250, 0-00 nia interests as to some of the meanings use of water. of' the pact,· they would be affected. I - I say with positive assurance that there New surf~ce water at district . · head 1 000 shall discuss that question a littie later. is adequate water in the Colorado River gates~ : -:- ; --:--.------_ 1 QB~, ' I should like to point out the fact that ,fully to supply the central Arizona proj­ Mr ..CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the this is not a simple proposition of taking -ect, and that Arizona is clearly entitled, Senator yield? a part Of the· land OUt of Cultivation. as a matter Of Tight and justice, to the Mr. McFARLAND. : I yield. That cannot be done; and without this exclusive use of that water. Moreover, Mr. CHAVEZ; I should -like to ask the supplemental water, the farmers would such use will-not interfere with or bur­ continue to farm their lands with an 1den any other right of use existing in Senator from Arizo.na a -question. DO ·inadequate water supply. law. . the tables which he has inserted in the I digress at this point·; I show why it ~ The long: terin-1897 -1943-average RECORD include the ·subterranean water cannot· be -done. Ast previously stated, :annual flow of the Colorado·Riv.er under supply or only the water which comes these lands ·_ have a similar water right. 0 virgin conditions at Lee Ferry was 16,­ ·down some river? ·Durfng years when water is in the dam, ·270,000 acre-feet;- at -the international Mr., McFARLAND. · . The tables which the farmers cannot be prevented from boundary it was· 17,720,000 a'cre-feet. ·I· have ]ust inserted in-the-RECORD show irrigating ·all of their land, which ex.:. The feasibility of:anyproject naturally · the amount ·of new surface water·which hausts 'the Sl.lPPlY for the coming year~ ~depends on·the·availability"of water for XCVII-370 5870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.SENATE MAY gg the project. In this case, the question Acre-feet wer.e the prope:r;· subject of apportion­ of availability of water involves mixed a year ment. The Arizona delegates were Disposition of water available to · agreeable, however, to the provisions of considerations of law and fact. The Arizona (present irrigation computation of the Bureau of Reclama­ depletions) : article III of the compact, v;hich pr·o­ tion ·· I come nc~w to the subject with refer- Allocated to Mexico by terms . ence to which the Senator from Cali.; 'of Thomas · E.- Campbell, former gov­ of Mexican treaty______1, 500, ooo : ~ornia asked me a questio:::i a few mo-· .'. ernor of Arizona: ·w. -s. Norviel, Ari­ ments ago...... ~·:.J'l 'zorta's commissioner at the compact ses­ Subtotal------17, soo, ooo ¥-~' In the year 1922, the States of the ·'. sions, an.d C. C. Lewis. another of the geographical area described in the testi­ '.Arizona members at such sessions, which Totai' surplus to be allo­ :mony as. the Colorado River Basin, were .were .placed in the record during the cated under the terms of ·striving among themselves to arrive at .hearings on S. 1175 and S. 75, disclosed art. III (f) of Colo- ,the· same understanding. Many other rado River compact ___ _ 220 000 an agreement leading to the beneficial • ,-use of the waters of the Colorado River ;witnesses corroborated this View in their [~ater available to Arizona: . '. for irrigation and the generation of elec-· .testimony. The 1,000,000 acre-feet of ...... _ Apportioned to lower basin 1 tr~c power. The delegates from thes~ · ,water is the estimated amount of water 1 ,under art. m (a) and (b) _ 8, 500, ooo ;states proposed the now renowned Colo­ by which tlie -use of · the -water of the ·rado River compact. A controversy 'ona River depleted the main stream Apportioned water for Cali­ ?arose over the inclusion of the waters fiow of the Colorado River. fornia under Limitations the Gila River within the Colorado ! When Arizona's delegate signed the Act------4 400 000 t<>t Nevada contract ______• 300,000• River· system and hence with those to be .compact in November 192.2, he did so Lower basin uses by New 'apportioned by the compact, a .move un-' ,with the clear understanding and agree­ Mexico and Ut~h------: 130, ooo alterably resisted by the Arizona delega .. ' 'ment that the States of Arizona, Cali•. ,tion because the waters of the Gila had :1ornia, and Nevada . would enter a tri-' SubtotaL______4, 83~, ooo ;long been · put to beneficial use by the '. State agreement which, among other. 'citizens of our State, and because the things, would apportion to Arizona the' Rema.bider ______;.______S, 670, 000 :waters of the Gila enter the Coforado at 'ex:clusive beneficial use of all water of To be allocated to Arizona a point so southerly as to prevent the the Gila River, the equivalent of the 1.lnder act. nr (!) of the :enjoyment thereof by any of the basin· 55 000 ·1.000,000 acre-feet of water apportioned . compact______' ·states other than Arizona. ' In· article iII (b) of the compact-see 4vailable to Arizona______3, 725, 000 In fine, Mr. President, the Gila was pages 222, 225-226, 228-229, hearings on no part of the Colorado waters which S. 1175. Thereafter, California. woulg 1951 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-· SENAT_E. 5871 not agree to a just division of the water rights and California frrevocably-arid un--. . construetions.in order to set upe' cla'im of the Colorado River which had been conditionally agreed to that limitation. ·for the water and in order to prevent the apportioned to the lower basin; so the Haying limited California to 4,400,000 enactment of this measure. They would people of Arizona would not ratify the acre-feet per annum of the 7,500,000 charge Arizona with all the evaporation compact at that time. acre-feet apportioned by article III (a) tosses in the dams, instead of providing The Colorado's uncontrolled ftow · of the Colorado River compact, as I have for the equitable distribution of' those proved increasingly harmful as well as already shown, and having further losses which Arizona contends should be wasteful of potential benefit. Califor­ limited California to half of any excess made. They would charge Arizona for nia's anxiety to avoid :floods along neigh­ or surplus waters unapportioned by that all the water which falls in its water­ boring California lowlands and to pro­ compact, Congress further provided: shed, instead of the 1,000,000 acre-feet cure water and electric energy for her The States of Arizona, California, and by which they diminish the main stream coastal communities made her especially Nevada are authorized to enter into an of the Colorado River at the place where anxious to harness and utilize the Colo­ agreement which shall provide (1) that of the Gila enters the Colorado River. rado. Further interstate negotiations tlle 7,500,000 acre-feet anmially apportioned They would try to place upon section 3 to the lower basin by paragraph (a) of ar­ having proved unavailing, congressional (b) a c~nstruction to the effect that it is ticle III of the Color?-do River compact, there action for the construction of Boulder shall be apportioned to the State of Nevada unapportioned water, because they and Dam was inaugurated. 300,000 acre-feet and to the State of Arizona their witnesses admit that they are not I shall not take the time of the Sen­ 2,800,000 acre-feet for exclusive beneficial entitled to section 3 (b) water if it is not ate to reiterate the long history of this consumptive use in perpetuit y, and (2) that apportioned. · fight which led to the adoption of the the State of Arizona may annually use one­ However, Mr. President, the language Colorado River compact and the pas­ half of the excess or surplus waters unap­ is plain. As I have pointed out before, sage of the Boulder-Canyon Project Act, portlon ed by the Colorado River compact, and (3) that the State of Arizona shall have and as I shall do so again before this de­ 45 Statutes 1057, Public Law 642, Sev-' the exclusive beneficial consumptive use of bate is over, the -Supreme Court of the entieth Congress, on December 21, ·1928. the Gila River and its tributaries within the United States has held that this is ap­ I think that the act itself is plain in its boundaries of said State, and (4) that-the portioned water. terms, and that, coupled with the Cali­ waters of the Gila River and its tributaries, Mr. President, on the last day of the fornia self-limitation statute, it clea.rly except return flow after the same enters the hearings on Senate bill 1175, a joint establishes Arizona's right to use of this Colorado River, shall never be subject to any resolution calling for litigation on this diminution whatever by any allowance of water. water which may be made by treaty or other­ subject was introduced. It was de­ I should like to call attention to the wise to the United States of Mexico. veloped by the testimony of able law­ fact that the act by its own terms-s e c~ yers of recognized ability, including tion 4 (a) was to become effective .upon Mr. President, the foregoing factors witnesses from Colorado, New Mexico, either of two conditions. The first of plainly define the congressional purpose. Utah, and. Wyoming, who came before these was ratification of the Colorado I wish to point out that this provision is the committee opposing the joint resolu­ River compact within 6 months by all an interpretation of the Self-Limitation tion, that· at the pr~sent time such a seven of the States affected. The se.c .~ Act which California enacted before the justiciable issue does not exist, and that ond was ratification of the compact by Boulder Canyon Project Act became ef­ the only effect of the pa~.::;age of the joint six of the interested States, including fective. It was an interpretation that resolution, which I assume is similar to California, and the irrevocable and un­ the specified amount of water was to be the amendment submitted today by the conditional enactment by the legislature left available for the other States; other­ distinguished Senator from California, of the latter State of a statute in con­ wise Congress would not have placed would be to delay action until all the formance with the Boulder Canyon Proj­ such a provision· in the measure which water could be put to use in certain ect Act. I now quote the exact language provided for the ratification of a com­ areas in southwestern California, with of section 4 of that act: pact for that amount ·of water. the result that they could use the addi­ shall agree irrevocably and conditionally with Congress manifestly intended that of tional argument·that we could not take the United States and for the benefit of the the 7,500,000 acre-feet of Colorado River a way water from people who then were States of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New water apportioned by article III (a) of using it. Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, as an express the compact, Nevada is to receive 300,000 Mr. President, the courts have held covenant and in consideration of the pass­ acre-feet; Arizona not less than 2,800,- age of this act that the aggregate annual that there must be an existing injury, 000 acre-feet; and California not to ex­ of serious magnitude or: an immediate consumptive use (diversions less returns to ceed 4,400,000 acre-feet. It is also clear the river) of water of and from the Colorado threatened injury of the same type:be­ River for use in the State of California, in­ that Arizona should receive, in addition, fore there can be a justiciable issue. cluding all uses under contracts made under all the waters of the Gila River, both Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will the provisions of this act and an water neces­ because of the previously mentioned in­ the Senator yield at this point? sary for the supply of any rights which may sertion in the compact of its article III now exist, shall not exceed 4,400,000 acre-feet (b)-which apportions 1,000,000 acre­ The PRESIDING OFFICER of .the Boulder Canyon' Arizona that we are trying to use in this ested in getting this matter solved and in Project Act also u~equiv.ocally voiced the project. having it heard by the Supreme Court permanent intention- of the Congress to i . ·certain witnesses representing· soma of the .United States ·as the Senator define and limit California's maximum <:;alifOrnia interests have used straineq from Arizona is or as he should be. 5872 CONGRESSIONAL RECOED-SmNATE MAY 28 Mr. McFARLAND. Oh, yes, Mr. Pres­ those who have passea on this matter I never saw Californians come forward ident; for more than 20 long years Ari· do not recognize that it is a $2.000,000,- to talk about interest, and about what zona has tried to get a settlement of 000 project. It is one which, over a the eventual cost would be when they these issues. We have tried arbitration, · period of years, will turn nioney into the sought approval of the Central Valley We attempted to have the governors ar­ Treasury of the United States instead project in California, a project which bitrate it. We have tried every possible of taking money out of it. has been supported by the senators means. We have gone into the courts On the other hand, how will those of from New Mexico · and Arizona. The and have tried to obtain a settlement. us who will eventually be affected-the Californians did not talk about interest But California opposed us every time. States of Arizona and New Mexico-ever charges then. They do not talk about It was only when we introduced leg­ get this issue settled if it does not come them when they want millions upon islation and only when we had it under before the Supreme Court in some way millions of dollars for flood control. All consideration by Congress, and only after along the lines of what the Senator froni they emphasize then is the amount of distinguished lawyers said there was not . Arizona now proposes? money authorized for the const·mction ·a justiciable issue and that years would The pending measure would author­ of their project. be spent for naught if we went into ize the use of a great amount of water. Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Presid,,nt, will court without a justiciable issue. that I believe that this measure. if enacted, the Senator yield? those who represent California come will create a justiciable issue on which Mr. McFARLAND. I yield to the Sen­ forward and said, "Yes, we will arbitrate the courts will pass; and when the courts ator from New Mexico. or conciliate or attempt to obtain an pass on it. they will pass on the rights Mr. ANDERSON. Is it not true that adjudication." of other States involved, particularly the Central Valley project in California Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, will those of Colorado and New Mexico. carries an interest rate, of course, but the Senator yield? Let me ask the Senator from Arizona that it has profits going back to the . Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. whether those States have any other Treasury of the United states through !" Mr. ANDERSON. Let me ask whether chance to have their rights in this issue the sale of power? Would it be fair the Senator from Arizona is aware that passed upon. to charge the California project, and did certain members of the Committee on , Mr. McFARLAND. I do not think so. the Senator from Arizona ever charge ·Interior and Insular Affairs had doubts In reference to the wild charges that the California project. with interest, 'as to the over-all project, but were very this project involves a cost of $2,000,000,- when it was known there were collateral ·happy to vote for this measure in order 0QO, let me say, Mr. President, that, of benefits flowing to the Treasury, bene­ ' to be sure there would be a justiciable course, there are in California many per­ fits which far outweighed the interest ·issue. sons who understand this question and involved in the project? Mr. McFARLAND. That may be, Mr. who have written to me stating that Mr. Mc;F'ARLAND. Of course not, President. Certainly they wanted this Arizona is entitled to this water. On the and I may say further, when we talk ' controversy settled°. other hand, some of those who repre­ about payment of the national debt, ( Mr. ANDERSON. They want to have sent California have been saying for so that, if the Central Valley of California ; an opportunity, do they not. to get this long that this project will cost $2,000,- were not developed through that proj .. question into the courts? They want to 000,000 that they themselves begin to ect the Government would lose far more be very sure that there will be a justici­ believe that it will cost that much. How­ in direct benefits than the interest would . able issue. By enactment of the bill au· ever, Mr. President, this project does not amount to for the irrigation features of thorizing the project. we know there will call for the expenditure· of any sum re­ the project. This sort of argument is be a jµsticiable issue, and then· the court sembling $2,000,000,000. In a few min­ the most unfair I have ever heard. This . will not simply kick the case back at us utes I shall discuss the cost. is the first time that I have ever known and say there will not be any distribu· I never saw more unfair propaganda. of a reclamation State-a State which tion of these waters. disseminated against any State than has received practically everything she Mr. McFARLAND. That is correct. that which has been circulated against wanted in the way of reclamation 'That view is shared by two eminent and Arizona here. Look at this printed funds-coming forward to talk about outstanding lawyers in the Senate, law­ folder, Mr. Presicient. It lies on the what it is going to cost in terms of the yers who know water law. I refer to desk of every Senator today. I would national debt. It is only when little the Senator from Colorado [Mr. MILLI· be ashamed to come into Congress with States like Arizona or New Mexico want KIN] and the Senator from Wyoming such misleading propaganda, expecting to do a little developing that we hear [Mr. O'MAHONEY]. We cannot simply the Congress to rely upon it. talk about interest. Oh, Mr. President, brush aside lightly the opinions of such Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, the little fellow should not get any­ eminent lawyers. particularly when they will the Senator yield? thing; we should give it all to the big themselves are not interested in the con­ Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. boys. That is their argument. troversy as it affects the States below Mr. KNOWLAND. I may say to the Mr. LEHMAN and Mr. ANDERSON theirs: Senator that· there is no mystery as to , addressed the Chair. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, if source of the information which has The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator will yield further in con­ been supplied for the benefit of the the Senator from Arizona yield, and if nection with the point raised by the Sen­ Senate. It was placed on every Sen­ so, to whom? · ator from New Mexico, I should like to ator's desk in an envelope with my name Mr. McFARLAND.· I yield first to the say that, in the first place, there is an upon it; so I may say that no material Senator from New York. honest difference of opinion relative to is being disseminated from an unknown Mr. LEHMAN. Is it not a fact that the justiciable issue; and, in the second source. in connection with every substantial place, it· seems to me that if that view, : In the second place, I may say to the project-for the development of power, ir­ were correct-although I do not agree' able Senator from Arizona, he may be­ rigation, or reclamation an interest it necessarily follows that it is correct-­ lieve that the taxpayers of the United component is calculated, and that such it would be possible to obtain a case at­ States are not concerned about the mat· interest component, which is a charge a point which would cost less than $2, .. ~ ter of interest; but the Government is against the project, is sufficient to amor­ 000,000,000 or more. It would be pos- · ~ now operating on a deficit. One may tize the project over a· certain period of sible to have the issue presented by· purchase for $750 an E bond for which years, whether it be 40, 50, or 70 years? means of a project which would cost at maturity the Federal Government It was done in connection with Boulder one-twentieth or one-fiftieth of that vast· will pay to the holder $1,000. The proj­ Dam. It was done in connection with sum of money, exceeding over $2,000,-: ect which the Senator is proposing will every one of the large power and irriga­ 000,000 in cost to the taxpayers of the not be paid back in 10 years. By the tion projects which we have been con­ United States. admission of its proponents, it will take sidering in the Committee on Interior Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, will at least 73 years, and some of us feel that'_ and Insular Mairs. Is it not a fact that the Senator yield? it will take 90 years. To discount the is the policy which is always pursued ?. 1 . Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. item of interest is fair neither to the tax-'-­ t Mr. McFARLAND. Certainly the l Mr. ANDERSON. In reply to what payers nor to Members of Congress. f: Senator from New York is correct so far has just been stated by the Senator froir Mr. McFARLAND. Ah! I shall dis­ as the power features are concerned; California, let me say that. of course, cuss the cost of the pro~ect in detail, but they draw interest. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 587~ Ur. THYE. Mr. President, will the chart to show how much the Grand if the dam went out they would pay for Senator yield·? Coulee Dam was going to cost the State it. They agreed to pay only for the power Mr. McFARLAND. In a moment. of Arizona, the State of New Mexico, or for which they contracted. Arizona could Th~ Senator from California is talking, the State of Colorado? Did they not ap­ tell them, "If you do not want it, we of course, about the irrigation features. prove that project? Did not the Senator· have plenty of use for this power in the But no irrigation project has had to pay from Arizona and other Senators work State of Arizona." All we are asking interest. No irrigation project which for the project, regardless of any tax for now is just what California has re­ has been authorired has to carry inter­ cost which might affect their States? ceived all along the line. The project is est in connection with the power fea­ Mr. McFARLAND. Yes. And I may based upon the same premise as is the tures. I have never seen my friend from say to the distinguished Senator from California Central Valley project. Later California come forward to object to New Mexico it was money well spent; it on during the discussion I expect to show getting interest-free money to the ex­ was money well invested. Where would that. tent of millions of dollars for irrigation we be today, if we did not have the Grand Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will works. It is only when Arizona has a Coulee Dam? the Senator yield further? I shall not project that we suddenly hear about in­ Mr. ANDERSON. It was not only interrupt him again. terest on irrigation projects. I now money well spent, but if a person could Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. yield to my distinguished friend from buy Grand Coulee today for what it cost Mr. KNOWLAND. I am sorry that the Minnesota. · the Treasury of the United States, and able Senator has attempted to raise the Mr. THYE. The colloquy engaged in could sell it for what it would be worth issue of a large State versus a small State. by the distinguished Senators from Ari­ to a utility, it would be the only deal he As a matter of fact, the State of Nevada, zona, New Mexico, and New York was would have to make in his whole life. . which is a smaller State than the State of such a character that I was impressed Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will of Arizona, agrees with California that by the idea that we should include the the Senator yield? the bill is not economically sound, that St. Lawrence seaway in the same argu­ Mr. McFARLAND. I yield to the Sena­ there is an honest difference of opinion ment, and go ahead with it, because it tor from California. as to the amount of water available, and is of national importance, and the bonds Mr. · KNOWLAND. The question of that the question should be adjudicated for it would be retired eventually as the Hoover Dam has been ra::i.sed here. For by the States. income was received from the. project, the benefit of the able Senator from New It is easy to try to raise the issue of through hydroelectric power or other­ York, who was not in the Senate at the a large State versus a small one. I have wise. So, while Senators are discussing time, as most of the Senators now pres­ never operated on that kind of a basis these matters, I hope they will include ent were not in the Senate at the time, since I have been a Member of the Sen­ the St. Lawrence seaway, so that it may the RECORD should show the fact that ate. I have supported the important be proceeded with. projects, as the senior Senator from Ari­ when the Hoover Dam was constructed, zona [Mr. HAYDEN] will bear out. But Mr. McFARLAND. I thank the Sena­ it was required of the Metropolitan tor from Minnesota. Water District and the various users of I believe we have a right at this time, Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the during wartime, when we have been op­ power and of the irrigation features in erating under deficits for a period of 18 Senator yield? . southern California that they sign con­ Mr. McFARLAND. I yield to the Sen-. years, to present to the Congress of the tracts providing for the complete pay­ United States and to the American peo­ ator from New York. ment of the costs of the Hoover Dam, Mr. LEHMAN. I may say to the Sen­ ple the facts with respect to a project plus interest at 4 percent, which was which will ultimately cost the American ator from Minnesota that he can be later modified to 3 percent. So every people in principal and interest more quite sure that I do have in mind the single dollar which went-into this project than $2,000,000,000. I think we have a development of the St. Lawrence sea-. was guaranteed in advance. The Metro­ right to invite the attention of the Sen­ way, and the development of power in politan Water District and the Bureau of ate to the situation without being ac­ connection with the St. Lawrence sea­ Light and Power, in Los Angeles, had to cused of being a large State which is try· way, which may also be paid out of the agree to take a certain amount of the ing to prevent a small State from receiv­ amortized charges. output and pay for it whether it used it ing that which is its due. , Mr. THYE. Did I correctly under­ or not. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, stand the Senator from New York to I may say to the able Senator from some persons in Nevada have opposed say that he will think favorably of it? New York and to the able Senator from this project. Apparently they have been I so understood him. Arizona that, if this were a project of affected by the propaganda of California. Mr. LEHMAN. I not only will think that type, and if there were not this I do not want to go into a detailed favorably of it, but I have thought fa­ honest difference of opinion as . to the discussion of the relative value of the vorably of it for 20 years. amount of water available, the Senator projects, but simply in answer to what Mr. THYE. I felt sure that was what from California would. be supporting the has been said, this project is no different the Senator said. project. But, instead of paying out, as from the Central Valley of California. Mr. LEHMAN. I have fought for it the reclamation laws have always pro­ project. I have received a large volume ever since I have been in the Senate. vided that such projects should be paid of mail from persons in California who ,· Mr. THYE. I thank the Senator. out, within 40 years, plus a 10-year pe­ are supporting the project. I· Mr. McFARLAND. I wish to say that riod for the irrigation features, and thus Mr. President, I want to return to the the distinguished Senator . from New have a chance to work themselves out justiciable issue question. As previously York is one bf the cosponsors of the bill and to get underway, this project would pointed out, in order to have a justiciable i 'to which the Senator from Minnesota destroy the yardstick we have always issue, there must be imminent damage, refers, and he is one Senator who has used, and would mean that the repay­ a present injury, or a threatened injury. discussed it with me more than most. ment features would continue at least Unless there be facilities to take this I · Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, will 73 years, by the admissions of the pro­ water, there can be no threatened in­ the Senator yield? ponents, themselves; and we believe it jury. When we want to give California. I: Mr. McFARLAND. I yield to the Sen­ will take 90 or 100 years to repay it. ,If the opportunity to settle the question; ator from New Mexico. we throw a way the yardstick in this proj­ California talks about the cost. Cali· I ' Mr. ANDERSON. Did the Senator ect we shall destroy the basic soundness fornia knows that it cannot be injured from Arizona notice that on this folder of our reclamation laws. by this bill. The provisions of the a $2,000,000,000 tax burden is estimated Mr. McFARLAND. Mr: President, I O'Mahoney-Millikin amendment thor­ for this project. The folcler alleges a cannot leave unchallenged the statement oughly protect it. California talks $34,000,000 tax on the State of Washing­ made by the distinguished Senator from about cost and wants to defeat us on that ton as its share of the cost of this proj­ California. The people about whom he ground alone. ·ect? Is the Senator aware that when was speaking, who contracted for power From the mere reading of the lan­ the Grand Coulee project in the State in California, received the best deal they guage of the Boulder Canyon Project Act of Washington was under consideration, ever received in their lives. They agreed it is evident that Congress proposed to the Senator from Arizona or any of the to buy power at a certain price, and it California the terms of a contract for other Senators came forward with a was a low price._ _. r,hey did not agree that . the explicit benefit of Arizona, Nevada, 5874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 28 and the other interested States. The strained and inequitable constructions of est beneficiary thereof. Yet they would contract thus proposed was as follows: the wording of the Colorado River com­ have California bear none of the loss by Of the 7,500,000 acre-feet of Colorado pact. In a general way, these false con­ evaporation, and would foist that, too, River water apportioned to the lower structions may be stated as follows: upon her sister States. Arizona favors basin by article III of the compact, (a) The water described in article m an equitable distribution of these losses California should have not to exceed (-b> of the compact is water unappor­ in proportion to -the beneficial interests. 4,400,000 and that California could u~e tioned by the compact. The record of the hearings shows that not more than one-half of any water m f the man of a special legal committee of the This intent has been executed. The witnesses from California would''like to Colorado River Basin States Committee. water involved in article III (b) of the place these strained interpretations Arizona's Position is also supported by compact not only is apportioned water, upon the interstate compact. California. the Colorado River Basin States Com­ but is in effect apportioned to Arizona is already getting more than the' lion's mittee, an organization composed of of­ for the reasons shown. The Colorado share of the water: · - ficial representatives of the States of River water which is available in the Neither of these contentions is sup­ Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, lower basin in excess of or surplus to ported by the intentions of the framers and Arizona. that apportioned by articles m (a) and of the compact or by those of the Con­ I wish particularly to emphasize the III . ~ 191, 9'.:'9, 000 0 vou· ------gators at a charge of $4.75 per acre-foot, ~"f> ------Bridge Canyon power plant ___ _ 73,419,00() ~2.,, ... Mm which the farmers state they are able Power plants p."' "'~ ;a Havasu pumping plants ------25,973,000 ~~ ~.s d -~ ~-~ (,· and vr.illing tu pay, and of municipal Orn ::i;;.. ... Granite Reef aqueduct ______131,716,000 ~ <.> d 'do:'!? water at 15 cents per thousand gallons ~ ~~ M:::Dowell pumping plant and "' 3 ~ 6. are the basis for the Bureau's estimates. · !l rz ~~ .,,~ J ~~...... :a;a canal ------3, 000 . .§ e ·a ;><;:I 0 McDowell Dam and Reservoir __ 16,326,000 Tne net result is that the project will 0 1-1 -< s McDowell power plant______1, 012, o::io liquidate the reimbursable items of its ------Horsheshoe Dam (enlargement) and Re$ervoir ______. ______cost over a period not to exceed 75 years, Bridge Canyon~------750, 000 612 4, 675 4, 3354, 114 7,078,000 a not inappropriate length of time in Horseshoe______10, 000 141 40 40 40 Horsheshoe power plant ______2,628,00() McDowell______4, 100 ~~ ~ ~ ~ Salt-Gila aqueduct ______34,!;85,o::o proportion to the magnitude and impor­ Buttes_-·-··----·------f, 000 1 Buttes Dam and Reservoir ______29,C37,000 tance of the project. The present bill TotaL ______770, 100 ----- 4, 773 4, 4'.ll 4, 208 Buttes pouer plant______1, 159,000 is different from that passed by the Sen­ Es~~U:te~~~~;_;;_~~ - ______25 28 31 Charleston Dam and Reservoir_ 9,270,000 ate in the Eighty-first Congress in that Tucson aqueduct ______6,401,0: 0 the repayment period is definitely lim­ TotaL ______------4, 748 4,4634,177 Safford Valley improvements __ _ 4,COO,OrO ited to not to exceed 75 years. Ene.rgy requireirents Hooker Dam and Reservoir ____ _ 15,434,000 Witnesses represen'.iing California in- · Havasu and :VcDnw- Irrigation distrtb_ution system __ 54,086,0JO ell pumping p:ant-___ _ =.:.::.= 1, 154 1, 3931, 633 arithm~tical == Drainage system for salinity terests presented compari­ sons and illu>trations, such as expres~ Firm co=crcial , control ------9,973;000 energy ______: ----- 3, 594 3, 070 2, 544 Power transmission system ___ _ 83,771,000 sions of the cost of the project on a per­ acre basis in accordance with a premise Total ______708,780,000 In addition to the growth in population or assumption preco11ceived by them. For example, they divided the cost of and industry, several ot her fi'3lds of activity Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, in have contributed to the ~ncreased demand the entire project by the limited number for electric energy. Among these are agri­ view of the fact that this project cannot, of ~cres which they asserted would be cultural expansion and new industrial uses. by the terms of the amendment, :>econ­ benefited, thus arriving at the conclu­ Increased irri~ation pumping, added farm structed or even undertaken during the sion that the project was extremely ex­ u:::e, and the use of electrometallurgical proc­ present emergency, the actual cost may pensive when expressed on a cost-per­ esses in the mineral industry have all caused be much less than this 1947 estimate. acre basis. an Increase in the total requirements. Resi­ The estimate of the Bureau of Reclama­ dential use of e!ectricity has greatly increased ~ It is unfortunate, of course, that in tion presented before the House commit­ their anxiety to disparage the project, in recent years not only because of the In­ tee was $788,000,000 based on 1951 price creased population but also because of the some people will resort to fantastic leg­ trend of increased per capita use (pp. 180- levels. However, in my judgment we can erdemain in order to support their own 181, H. Doc. No. 136). ignore completely these 1951 estimates, views. The Senate committee, however, . The demand for electric energy in Arizona, since construction will not be undertaken made up of experienced men who know southern California, and southerh Nevada at a time when there is a scarcity of labor something about irrigation problems, re­ is increasing at an estimated rate of 1,000- and materials. On the contrary, it is fused to accept these contentions as COO,OCO kilowatt-hours a;nnually. The area reasonable to assert that when construc­ valid. On the contrary, the committee is looking to t he Colorado River for energy to tion is actually begun, the cost .. of the made clear in its report that the project meet that incrzasing demand, and to forestall project may be .even lower than the 1947 niust be considered on an over-all basis the requirements for burning oil and natural estimate and nearer the level of prewar gas reserves in meeting those demands (p, rather than on the cost-per-acre prem­ 191, H. Doc. No. 136). prices. ise. ·It declared in its. report: As is the case in multipurpose projects, The committee has not elected to proceed Mr. McFARLAND. 'Mr. President, the farmer cannot afford to repay all Upon any such unrestricted hypothesis, but witnesses te~tifying . as to Arizona's need costs attributable to the irrigation fea­ has viewed the project wholly and objec­ for additional electric enerr;y have stated tures, and it is therefore necessary·that t ively against the perspective of the· long that there will be a demand in the State some oortion of the proceeds from sale of period of its life and the over-all interests 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5817

of the Nation and region affected. Thus claim in this respect is not supported by ~r. President, cc. n_sider tne facts. considered, it is ·the opinion Of the commit-­ the evidence. ~ . tee ·that the project is entirely feasible and Here are federally owned lands which economically sound. 'To begin with, California herself ad· . are worthless for. farming 'on which the mi ts that ·her present annual use of the Californians propose to pour · precious In summary, Mr. President, what do Colorado River water is something water. Listen to this paragraph from we find? The facts, not the arguments like 3,000,000 acre-feet, well within her the letter. of the Secretary of . the In­ and contentions of biased witnesses, sup­ limitation of 4,400,000 acre-feet. Cer­ terior describing the California land for port the soundness of the project. The tain witnesses from that State also ad· which water is sought: findings of objective engineers, the offi­ mit in their testimony that they desire In view of the conclusions reached in the cial reports of Government agencies, the to place under cultivation an additional land classification and development report Bureau of Reclamation, all definitely 300,000 acres of the areas known as of April 1947 and in the repayment feasi­ show that the central Arizona project is the east and west mesas in the Imperial bility report issued in March 1948, both of both engineeringly and financially f easi­ Valley, Calif. They do not deny that which you have received, and which I have approved, it is evident to me that the irri­ ble under the provisions of S. 75. if this land were not placed under cul­ gation development of public lands on east These facts add up to the conclusion tivation, California would have all of mesa, either by the United States or by Im­ that th0. project could be reasonably ex­ the water she claims she needs, present perial irrigation district, would be inimical pected to repay the reimbursable por­ and future. I desire to make it clear to the public interest, inasmuch as such tions of the construction costs well that California's asserted need is for lands are not practicable of irrigation and within the useful life of the project. the future to permit her to grow and reclamation. As I have pointed out, it has been expand; Arizona's need is immediate, So here, Mr. :eresident, we have a · found that $4. 75 per acre-foot, which n.r·t for growth and expansion, but for situation whete the ·united States Gov­ local interests have indicated ·they are the maintenance and support of the ernment owns the land, where it says willing and able to pay, would more than pro ~' erty and livelihood which our people that the land .is not worth irrigating- · pay the operation and maintenance co~ts . riow have and .are in jeopardy of losing. that is w.hat the Secretary of the· Interior . a·nd replacement costs allocated. to irri­ In connection with the- proposed irri­ said, speaking for the United States Gov- : g.ation and part of the construction cost. . gation of the. 300,000 acres in . the east errunent-:-and for this reason r·efuses to It has also been.found that a charge of . and west mesas of the Imperial Valley · permit its irrigation, and . yet cert.a_in · 15 cents per.thousand gallons.for munici­ in caii:f orriia, I would like to call atten­ witnesses come before Congress and say pal water woulct fully repay· an· co.sts al- . t ton to the fact that a.land.classification . they need and·want water to irrigate this . located to that. purporn .and .woulq be de-;elopment :;.·eport a_nd. -an ·.economic . land. - repayment ·capacity report have been · equaily ~:dvantageous to· .the mµnicipal .. Thin~ · ot it, witl.i the ~cono~i ~f :the : water users: The power. i:ate necessary , niage by the Bureau Qf Reclall).ation <;>n . whole State .of Arizona at stake, .. they . to. accomplish a repaym~nt' of all. 'rE;lim"." . the lands of the ea:st ·niesa, whic.h re- · would like to.take water and irrigate land .· bursable costs assigned to be-r.epaiq jrom . p;o~ts . were. b~st;!d . µppn .ioH surveys__ con- , which their own u'niversity 'held not fit-to p_ower revenµf;s would be. extremely ·rea- · ducted cooperatively by California's own · be irrigated. sonable. ·. Such · 1ow.:.cost powe_r _would university and the "unfoed .st'ates. ':De- : Mr. . President; - these . facts·· clearly r~pi;esen,t a distinct advantage to PO\Yer : partmep~ o(Agriculture.. The~e . r~pqrts .· prove . beyqnd ·arty ·question t.hat- eali- : u;sers .in :that area. ~ . . . clearly show that' the lands are·not·prac.• ' fornia does not need this water. MOTe· The project represents a sound invest- : ticable of irrigation and reclainatfon. over, it·is important to note that if Cali· nient in that the tangi.ble ben~fits .of the . The Secretary of the Interior has so fornia ·succeeds in preventing Ar-izona project would exceed· the total cost. in affir:matively declare.d. In: thfs. coµnec- . from. using · water for the centr-al- Ar-i­ the ratio of 1.63 to 1. tion, ,he stated: zona p::-oject, . the .water .will . either be I Furthermore, .there would be innumel'.­ In view of . land-classification ..and . repay- : used in Mexico, in -addition to · that . able intangible benefits accruing to the · ment feasibility reports, irrigation develop- . amount provided for ·in the treaty, ·o:r State of Arizona and to 'the Nation as a nient of public lands o~ the east meEa l;>Y , be allowed· to· continue to waste into the · whole as ·a result Of th¢ central Arizona either the ·Government or the district· would · be inim_l cal to the ·public · fntere~t." · - ·· · ocean. .Moreover, Mr. Presidept, -it . profoct. should .be .noted .that.California .is now Mr. . President, the bill now before us . Think -Of it, Mr. President., ·that is · wasting . into the ·Salton Sea.. approxi· · is one .of. the most. carefully.drawn pieces what the Secretary of .the .Interior said · mately a million acre-feet annually that of legislation in the field of irrigation . officially about .lands upon which it is could be put to behefi-cial use. · Yet the and reclamation ever presented to Con­ proposed to pour precious water-and, · Californians would try-to deprive us of gress. It :Protects the rights of an· the I , say, our water. Certairi witnesses · the 1,200,000 acre-feet· of water which interested States. .It gives to Arizona the from California would take water from is necessary to save the economy of our · opportunity which she has long sought · Ar!zona to irrigate lands declared worth- state. . to have this matter finally settled. There less. It would not be in 'the public in- · M~. President; may I say that we have · have been several cases in which Arizona terest to irrigate them. I now continue no objection to California's growing and · has attempted to go into court to have the quotation: expanding. The record, as I have just her rights adjudicated, as I have previ­ The east mesa area lies within the Im- pointed out, clearly shows that she has ously pointed out; ·but at every cross of perial irrigation district served by the All- · ample water to grow and to expand, and the road she has been fought by Cali­ American Canal in southern California. I certainly have no objection to her do- fornia; and the Supreme· Court has held While the lands were originally withdrawn ing so. that there does not exist a justiciable from public entry in the hope that 'they . On the other hand, Arizona is here issue. · · · could be successfully developed, detailed in:- fighting for her very: existence. We. ai:.e vestigations which have since been made · Members of Congress have been revealed them to be not practicable of irri- not seeking to. grow or expand. All we flooded with propaganda frqm Califor­ gation and reclamation . . The detailed land : want the Congress of the United-States nia interests in regard to this project. investigations were made by the Department . to do is to help us sav.e our present econ· They have tried to make our colleagues af Airiculture, the University of California, omy. If our. e.c.anomy co~lapses, .the: re:­ believe that this bill ·would take water and the Burea.u of R.ecla~ation. sult will. be felt all over the United to which California is justly entitled. In .While reports have.not been made on States. All we ask of-Congress is to give making the argument, an effort has been the west mesa, it is admittedly no better us the legisl'aUon which wili permit us -to made to stress the great need for 'this . land. use that to which we are rightfully en- water-in California. Even if there·:were I understand that reports · have ·been titled. Enact S. 75 into law, and it ..will a need as claimed, such need alone would submitted. for the consideration of Cali· give us that opportunity. · certainly not give California any right to · water which belongs to and is needed by fornia and that. they contain the same Mr-, President, the· conclusions of the the State of Arizona. However, inas­ recommendatiOns in regard to the lands Senate Committee on Interior and In· much as they have fiood.ed Congress with referr~4 ~o. .. . . · . . sular Affairs, a bipartisan group of ex· such propaganda, I desfre to point out .· 1 wish further to caIJ attentjoµ to. ~he . periericed; co~scien~ious me~ wlio ·have various facts which demonstrate that the fact that practically all of these lands . studied the project and 'the facts sur­ need aoes not· in truth exist, and that·the are owned·by the Federal Government~ - rounding it painstakingly and carefully · 5878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 2_a for several years, state the facts cogent­ If this project is not launched in time, desired by both California and Arizona. ly and emphatically. The committee the desert will close in upon the people As a matter of fact, former Senator voted to report the bill favorably by a of Arizona. Downey, of California, offered an amend­ vote of 10 to 2. · The prosperity of the farmers in the ment which would have permitted the. Here is what the committee says on rich fertile area in the center of the construction of the niajor portion of the page 17 o'f Senate Report No. 163: State keeps the economic heart of Ari­ project. In reporting the bill S. 75 favorably and zona beating strongly. This project is based upon the sale of recommending its i:nmediate enactment, the If the farmers working the 725,000- power at a reasonable and just rate to committee has come to the following con­ acres in central Arizona should go bank­ the people who will use it and .the de­ clusions: rupt, the effects of that disaster would livery of irrigation water to the people 1. There is palpably an urgent need for be felt throughout the State and many at a reasonable cost. Those two sources the benefits which this bill would provide, neighboring States. of revenue, when added together, will and construction work to speed such bene­ fits should be authorized promptly. If these vital acres were allowed to be­ pay for the project. It is a rescue 2. The welfare and livelihood of a large come a desolate region of dust and death, project, and it cannot be considered on number of citizens and the economic future the miners, the industrial workers, the a cost-per-acre basis. of a substantial area of this country are de­ businessmen of Arizona, and the South· Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, if the pendent upon the early completion of this west would suffer a terrible blow. Senator will yield further, let me say project. . What would happen to the bonded in­ that I am familiar with certain rescue 3. No substantial opposition has been debtedness of the State and the overhead projects, for I happen to own a piece of raised against many of the constituent parts cost of the State government and the land in a Federal project, and I know of the project, including the dam and power plant at Bridge Canyon and works with subdivisions thereof, as well as to the how much the water on that project has Arizona and New Mexico. schools? All the cost ·would fall upon cost me per acre. 4. Water litigation in the Supreme Court the mining industry and the other indus­ I wonder whether the Senator from may require, as it has in the past, a period tries of Arizona. At least 250,000 people Arizona can inform the Senate at this of many years. · would have to leave Arizona to find a time approximately what the landowner 5. California possesses the physical works means of life elsewhere. They would be will have to pay for the use of water on and facilities-- displaced persons just as truly as the his land, in connection with this project? And they were built with Federal people in Europe who lost their homes in Mr. McFARLAND. He will pay $4.75 money- World War II. Where would they· go? an acre-foot. by no means of which she can divert Colorado How would they be cared for? . Mr. WELKER. Four dollars and sev­ River water even to the extent of her maxi­ This bill is a rescue project, Mr. Pres­ enty-five cents· an acr.e-foot is nearly mum claim, so that in this respect she en­ ident. This bill is designed to save a $4 an acre less than I pay for water to joys a distinct. adv:antage. Arizona has no great State from an ·economic cyclone. irrigate land in the Owyhee project, facilities to obtain Colorado River water for It would not put a single additional built in 1932. use in Arizona. acre of land under cultivation. It would · Mr. McFARLAND. I am not talking I 6. If litigation is deemed necessary to set­ not give Arizona an unfair advantage about the over-all cost of irrigating 1 tle the con:tllcts between California and Ari· over any other State. It would simply acre of land. The figure I have· given is zona, such litigation should in fairness be both facilitated and expedited toward a full save the people of Arizona from a ca· the cost for 1 acre-foot of water. Four resolution of issues. Although it seems un• tastrophe. acre-feet of water are required to irri· desirable for the Congress to attempt to con.. It is true that the population of Ari­ gate 1 acre of land. strain any State to participate in any such zona is small, as compared to the popu­ , Mr. WELKER. Then, according to the litigation, by the same token, participation lation of some other States. It is true Senator's figures, the cost of irrigating 1>hould not be denied to any State, the rights that we have always been at a disad­ 1 acre of land in connection with this of which may be affected by the project or by .vantage when fighting against the rep­ project would be approximately $16. litigation in connection therewith. . ,f• ·resentatives of a powerful State like Cal· 1 Mr. McFARLAND. No; it would not ~ 7. The project will make a substantial con- · trlbution to the conservation and utilization ifornia. But the strength of our Fed­ be that much, because the water we al­ of great natural resources and a correspond­ eral Union rises from the fact that the ready have comes at a somewhat cheaper ing contribution to national and regional people of many large States have been rate, although it is not cheaper this year. welfare. . · ;:;; :Willing to aid ·the people of small States . However, the water provided under this I 8. The project is feasible. ;.· 1n a just cause. project, which would be supplemental ~ The committee therefore urges prompt f· I know that the cause of Arizona is water, would cost $4.75 an acre-foot; and authorization of the project, subject to the just. I know that this bill provides the at least 4 acre-feet of water are required limitations appearing in the bill. way to save the economy of Arizona and to irrigate 1 acre. ~ Mr. P~esident, the bill is fair and the way to settle the controversy between ;. If only Colorado River water were used, equitable. It gives every State the op­ Arizona and California, with justice for the cost of irrigating 1 acre of land would portunity of coming forward, as has been all. be $18; but, of course, we do not antici­ ~o well pointed out by the junior Senator '· For these reasons, Mr. President, I ask pate that any new land will be irrigated. from New Mexico, and presenting its my friends· and colleagues to join me Therefore, none of the land irrigated will claim to the Supreme Court. It affords now in enacting this fair and carefully use only Colorado Inver water. a means which eminent lawyers from the considered bill which is so vital to my ~ ' Mr. WELKER. If the Senator from upper basin States, including two of our State. Arizona will permit, I should like to say own Members who are lawyers, the Sen··t ,,, Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, will that $4 an acre is a reasonable charge. ator from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] the Senator yield? :;l'he Bureau· of Reclamation charges on and the Senator from Colorado [Mr. ;; ~ The PRESIDING OFFICER

the water that.is used for irr..igation pur.. .wished .to have a . postponement from .other's ~erritory. I . do not . anticipa~e . poses. However, in the State of Arizona. · activ~ service· until he could gather h!S · that there will ·be any controversy in we cannot do that, because we do no~ crop. regard to the power. have sufficient water. Therefore, · the Many of the fathers and ·mothers of Mr. WELKER. Certainly, at this time, charge has to be made on an acre~f oot those veterans have all their means in­ 775,000 kilowatts of power is not gener- · basis. vested in this land. A large number of ated within the State of Arizona, is it? Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, I veterans have come to Arizona and have Mr. McFARLAND. No . .I shall supply should like to have the Senator from .located in the towns there, and they have the Senator later with the :figures on , · Arizona answer a question, please, in re­ their entire livelihood tied up in the that point. I do not have them at hand· spect to the 725,000 acres of arid, deser~ economy of this area. They have in­ at the· moment. land involved in this case: Has it ever vested their money. They have their Mr. WELKER. In view of the fact been irrigated heretofore? homes there. If 250,000 people were that this installation would generate Mr. McFARLAND. Oh, yes. It is not forced to move away, those homes would approximately 775,000 kilowatts of prime arid, desert land, I may say to my dis­ become practically worthless. · This power, or "new" power, as we may call tinguished friend. It is fertile, produc­ project is very important to the veter­ it, who is to market that power? tive land, producing for years but short ans of the State of Arizona. I cannot •Mr. McFARLAND. The Arizona of an adequate water supply. The irri­ conceive of any large group of people to Power Authority has made a firm com­ gation of that land began back in· the whom the construction of this project is mitment to purchase every kilowatt of early sixties. If my memory serves me more important than it is to the veterans · power which will be produced. We have correctly, I believe the first water rights and to the Indians. · need for that power in Arizona and can in Maricopa Valley, which is in the Salt Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, if use it economically as soon as it is ready. River Valley Water Users' Association the distinguished Senator will yield If the Senator will pardon me, I forgot territory, were established in 1868; and further-- to mention one additional source of the charges for the normal :flow of water Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. power. First, most of our power comes ' are made on a graduated scale. Mr. WELKER. I am sure that the from the Colorado River. We have been Construction of the Roosevelt Dam Senator from Arizona appreciates the getting some from Parker Dam. We . was begun in 1903, and it was completed fact that the junior Senator from Idaho . will get some from the Davis Dam, and · about 1907. That was when the first is certainly familiar with what water we are entitled to some from the Hoover water was obtained from the Roosevelt has done for the West, and I am sure he Dam which we have not yet received. Dam project. So a great deal of this appreciates the fact that the questions But there are also some large steam land has been irrigated for a long time. I ask are for the purpose of elidting in­ plants in Arizona which generate elec­ The only difficulty, I may state-I do formation, in order that I may become tricity, which we have had to install. not known whether the Senator from better informed on this subject. We would not have to use those steam · Idaho heard my previous remarks.:...... is Mr. McFARLAND. l certainly under.­ plants if we had additional hydroelec­ that there has been overdevelopment in stand that. tric power. connection with the use of irrigation­ Mr. WELKER. I do not know of any There is a tremendously growing de· project water. That is often the trouble State which has blossomed and grown mand for more power. For example, 'with irrigation projects. So it is neces­ within our lifetime as Arizona has, there is mining property in Pinal County ·sary to be very careful, because the peo- · solely by reason of the availability of which the Federal Government wants ple living in those areas are usually in- · water. I want to be one who helps the to see developed, and which will be one clined to put under cultivation more great Southwest to develop along that of the big new mines. The Government acres than should be cultivated. line. wants it developed for the production In this connectior., perhaps I may be I am somewhat confused by the argu­ of needed copper, and it will take power pardoned a reference to a personal ex­ ment that this bill should be passed from the proposed new dam. perience. Let me refer to the Salt River now, a bill which would permit a lawsuit Those who have made an estimate Valley Water Users' Association project, to be brought for the purpose of estab­ feel that, by the time this project is in connection with which I tried a case lishing prior rights as between the States completed, we will have more than an involving water rights. That project in­ of Arizona and California. I have the ample market for the power. However. volves 242,000 acres. As I have previ­ brief which was submitted to me a mo­ I may say that I doubt very seriously ously stated, the Bureau of Reclama­ ment ago, and I shall. study it. After that our friends in California will be tion originally estimated that approxi":" ·studying it, I shall probably interrogate willing for us to have all this power, al­ ·mately three acre-feet of water would the Senator about ft at a later date. though the dam site is entirely within be sufficient to irrigate the land, but now But before leaving the :floor, will .the dis­ the borders of the State of Arizona, and four acre-feet of water are required. In tinguished majority leader answer a .it would seem that we should have first that project, which has the best water question? Under this development, the ·choice. B1,1t we want to -be fair about rights of all, the water users are in need Senator proposes the generation of ap­ power use. We are willing to have the of a little more than one foot of water proximately 780,000 kilowatts of prime power developed, and, if California does per acre in addition; and even when power. At this time, who generates the not want any of it, we can and will they obtain that water, they_ will need major portion of power within the State use it. · · . additional water in order to firm their of Arizona? Mr. WELKER. Does the senator ' present supply and to be sure that they Mr. McFARLAND. We have, of mean to tell me that the Department of : will obtain. regularly the amount of course, in the Salt River Valley project, the Interior at this time has not told , water they require. , the Roosevelt Dam, and we have -below the people. of California what 1s going 1 • Mr. WELKER. When rand is already it about four other dams, mostly power to happen to the 750,000 kilowatts of under cultivation, I can see from th~ dams, which generate electricity. On prime electrical energy? Senator's argument that there iS very .the Gila, we have the Coolidge Dam,. Mr. McFARLAND. I may say that little likelihood that any veterans or any where some electricity is generated. we· the State of Califoi'nia is rapidly be­ new residents will come to Arizona tQ receive the remainder of our electricity c.omi~g an importer of oil, -rathe,r than take out homesteads er develop new· ·from.dams on the Colorado River. ; 'an exporter. - The people of, California land. , Mr. WELKER. Is the Senator able to •have used oil for the generation of elec- · Mr. McFARLAND. Veterans have al­ tell me whether there will probably be :tricity. They have used it for other ready come there; we have veterans of any question as between public and pri.;. power purposes, and they are going to . both World War I and World War II vate power in this connection? be in a desperate situation .with respect farming this. land at the present time, · Mr. McFARLAND. · I understand the to power if some of this hydroelectri~ I have received letters from some of Senator's reason for asldng the question, power i~ not developed, Californians them who now are in the reserves and and I may say to him that there is no have put up mo'ney fo help make a sur~ are being called into active service . at controversy as between tlie ·so-called vey above Bridge caµyon for the Glen this time. One of them invested all his co-ops and the power .cqmp~nies in the Canyon Dam project. So, there is means in farming for this year, and he State of Arizona. · E~ch rec~gnizes the ample 1.1pportunity ~o sell ·this power~ . 5880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 28 and it is really needed. We, in Arizona, dustries which use power for pumping, So what I am trying to get away from have a growing economy which can use We-have been desperate because of the is some idle proposed legislation, unless all of this power. But the Senator may shortage of power. I will say to my good the people of the Nation can see some ask, "What would California do?" We friend that the counties of Yuma and .hope in the immediate future, because, anticipate that the· Glen Canyon Dam Pinal do not have sufficient power. There . if we authorize this construction, I think, will be built, and that there will then have been times when crops suffered be- ·as the Senator well knows, we shall be ample po'1.rer for everyone, if we can . cause of lack of power to pump water. create plenty of hardships. There will get both dams constructed. The farmers bought' expensive Diesel en­ be speculation in Arizona and there will Mr. WELKER. · Mr. President, if the gines and imported Diesel fuel with be persons waiting for the · time when Senator from Arizona will yield further, which to operate them. But, as the Sen­ the vast flood of water and electrical my reason for pursuing this line of ex­ ator knows, there is a shortage of Diesel energy becomes available. I wonder amination is that it would seem to me fuel. whether it would not be better for us to the bill is premature, anc: that we should I sha,ll be glad to refer my good friend await the time when we can say to the first know what is going to happen to to a brief which is in the hearings. people of Arizona and California, "We the 750,000 kilowatts of electrical power. Everyone recognizes the need for the are going to erect this project. It will I may say to the distinguished Senator power. commence and will be finished at such from Arizona, by way of illustration, Mr. WELKER. The Senator says that and such a time." that there is a bill, known as the Hell's some of the farmers are generating Mr. McFARLAND. I would say in Canyon bill, which is now . in just the power by Diesel energy, but that Diesel answer to my good friend, with refer­ embryonic stage, and which has not yet fuel is in short supply. As I understand, ence to his first suggestion, that I will reached the ft.oar of the Senate. The the Senator and his colleague have draft­ concede that we are taking a chance Secretary of the Interior has promised ed an amendment to the effect that no when we say the project will not be con­ a certain amount of electrical energy building will go on this installation until structed until the end of the emergency. which would be furnished to the people after the present emergency is over. But I think that is a chance which we of Idaho under that bill. The people of Mr. McFARLAND. That is correct. have to take. I think other projects in the State know now the number of kilo­ . Mr. WELKER. · So there is no hope in the United States are going to have i.o watts they could expect. The remainder Arizona, California, or any other place wait and take a similar chance. I believe of the power to be generated at that for relief from the shortage of electrical we should get the projects ready, how­ giant installation would go to the States energy er of water until the emergency ever. On the other hand, if we wait of , Washington, and, I assume, is over. until after the emergency is over, if we California. That is my reason for pur- Mr. McFARLAND. That is correct. I make a justiciable issue and then have suing this line of inquiry. · emphasize the fact we are exhausting our long years of litigation, our people would Mr. McFARLAND. I can understand underground water supply. The water certainly be desolate. that. level is . going . down deeper and deeper each year. It will be only a matter of . I am sure there could be no specula­ Mr. WELKER. Along ·with the recla­ tion coming from the passa~e of this bili, mation features of the bill, it seems to time until we can no longer get any water from our underground water supply. . because the lands involved are alre~dy me that a block of power as great as owned; they are already under cultiva. 750,000 kilowatts would represent an Prices are very high at this time. When the emergency is over prices will tion; they are already being · farmed. output of energy second only, I believe, The people well know that they are not to that of Grand Coulee Dam, in the not be so high. Some of the persons who are pumping water from great depths going to get any immediate relief. They entire field of the generation of electrical will do the best they can. energy within the United States. will be employed in the construction of the project and they may leave their It has been said, life is just a bundle Pursuing my line of inquiry further, of hope. The authorization would give I am wondering whether, when and if farms idle for a while, but we feel that the construction of this project would to them a hope, because they know that this power is placed upon the market, if the Supreme Court says there is water some private power unit would suffer as help the economy of Arizona, even though actual construction be postponed. available for the project, if the Court a result of the vast load of Government­ We presented an amendment as· a does not hold against it, the project will produced power which would be com­ practical matter. We did not believe the eventually be built. They have confi­ peting with it. Congress of the United States would want dence that right will prevail and that Mr. McFARLAND. No. I may say to construct large projects unless they .the Supreme Court will so hold. For that in the testimony there was no dis­ were absolutely necessary for the defense us to wait longer, after all these years­ pute whatev0r as to the need of power, of the Nation. On the other hand, we we have been waiting and trying des­ either on the part of the witnesses from are anxious to get an authorization, be­ perately to accomplish our desire-it California, or on the part of witnesses cause it will make a justiciable issue and would be a terrible blow to the people from other States. All the witnesses permit :is to get the litigation under way, of Arizona to think that Congress was unanilr:ously agreed that the power was When the emergency is over we can start not willing to give them, at least, an needed. construction of the Bridge Canyon Dam, opportunity to get· the question settled Mr. WELKER. For the record, would which would be of great benefit both to and to say to them, "You can close your the Senator mind telling me what the the State of Arizona and the State of lawsuit, and eventually we will help you power is needed for at this time? California, even if the irrigation features get water in your State just as we helped Mr. McFARLAND. One of the needs are never constructed. to get water in California." of this power, of course, is for the pur­ Mr. WELKER. . I may say to the dis­ Mr. WELKER. If I may answer the pose of additional supply to the cities of tinguished majority leader that the only Senator with respect to the proposition Arizona. The growing economy of the reason I am interrogating him at all is dealing with the authorization of the State demands more and more power. because we should bring to the Senate as project, I do not think there is a man i Another need is to supplement the many facts as may be possible. It seems in the United States who did more for power for irrigation and reclamation. to me to be a weak point in the Sena­ the people of Idaho with regard to the Another is to, supply industries of vari­ tor's argument that we so badly need famous Palisades project than did the ous kinds. The mining companies use this installation, and yet we do not pro­ distinguished majority leader. He, :electric power. As I stated, there is go- pose to buy any materials or build any through untiring efforts and with the ling to be a new development in Pinal works on the installation until after the cooperation of other Senators, made it 'county, and some persons are very anx­ emergency is over. In the young life of possible to authorize for the State of !ious about it. There is not any question the junior Senator from Iqaho, I think Idaho the famous Palisades project with. in the mind of anyone as to the need for we have spent· a long time in an emer­ its reclamation and power facilities. :the power. As a matter of fact, former gency. , I recall the statement of Gen­ I might invite the Senator's attention Senator Downey and the Senator from eral Eisenhower in his address at the to the fact that much hardship has re­ ,California [Mr. KNOWLAND] offered an Library of Congress when he was asked sulted from that project, because, amendment .to construct a dam for power when he thought the emergency would although the Eighty-first Congress au­ purposes, because everyone recognized its be ayer, to which he replied, "In 10, 20, thorized it, in the Eighty-second Con­ importance. There are various small in- or maybe 30 years." gress the Bureau of the Budget did not 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5881 allow one cent for its dev.elopment. ·It has one of the longest runways in the on which I should like to talk at some is a deserving project, or the SenatOr world. In Idaho we had such a surplus length, and will do so later, if necessary. would never have endorsed it. But the of potatoes that we were obliged to I should like to show that the develop­ people of Idaho suffered and s.till suffer, dump upon the runway thousands and ment of irrigation and reclamation in and will continue to suffer, because of thousands of tons of Idaho potatoes and the United States is the only frontier the fact that the Bureau of the Budg.et have a huge roller run over and smash that is left. Such development fur­ said, "We have other more important them in order to spoil them for food nishes the only opportunity for the matters." Not one dime was budgeted either for livestock or human beings. I United States to remain great and for the building of the Palisades project wonder if it is not time that we did some powerful among nations. If we stop de­ which the Senator from Arizona helped serious thinking about the subject of veloping our natural resources we shall to make possible last year. If Congress parity, about the taxpayers all over the in a few years begin to deteriorate. · should authorize the project cover.ed by Nation paying for surpluses of farm No, Mr. President, I do not believe we the pending bill I wonder whether we commodities and crops. should stop and consider whether a proj­ would not find ourselves in the same I ask my distinguished friend from ect in Idaho is going to hurt the people situation; that it could not be developed Arizona to consider this point: If the of Arizona or whether a project in Ari­ for 5, 10, or, yes, even 30 years. very productive lands of Arizona are de­ zona is going to hurt the people in Idaho. Mr. McFARLAND. We will, however, veloped and plenty of water reaches The reason I made that statement is that be going into it with our eyes wide open. those lands, will that not soon result the two States raise different kinds of I am hopeful, and I pray that the emer­ in draining off the economy of the farm­ crops. In Arizona, in particular, we try gency will not last for any such period of ers of Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and other to raise crops which are not grown in years. I do not believe it will. It is farming sections who must depend in other areas of the United States in large necessary, of course, that all the time be considerable measure upon .the market quantities. · taken that is necessary for us to win afforded by the people in the southwest­ I am hopeful that after the Senator the peace. ern area of the United States? That has studied the record he will see the I believe we in Arizona are in a more is something we should discuss. Many necessity for helping the sons and the desperate situation than are the people Senators with whom I have talked have daughters of the hardy pioneers who of Idaho with respect to the Palisades asked me that very question. Is not have built this agricultural empire, and project. I recognize that that is a sound such development likely to put out of help them maintain their economy. and worthy project. I hope emergency business farmers in North Dakota, Idaho, We speak of ex-service men and wom­ conditions will slacken to the point where Montana, and other States? · en, men and women who have fought in Congress can see fit to appropriate some Mr. McFARLAND. I appreciate the the war to help maintain the United money for the building of that project. concern of the Senator from Idaho about. States. As was previously · pointed out I do not believe the project will have the overproduction of food. With respect . in the debate, one large group which will to wait for as many years as the Senator to the justiciable issue I point out that be benefited will be· the Pima Indians. from Idaho believes. I certainly hope it three times we have tried to get into It was members of that tribe who helped will not ha-;e to wait so long. I appre­ court to have the matter settled. That raise the American flag on Iwo Jima. ciate the disappointment of the people should be enough. The court has refused Yes, Mr. President, those people need of the ·senator's state who, of course, did to take jurisdiction. help; and they need the hope which the . not anticipate that the appropriations When Arizona was admitted as a State passage of this bill will give them. for the project would be held up. We in the Federal Government required her to Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, will Arizona realize that appropriations may give up any claim to lands along the the Senator yield further? be held up for a considerable time. We Colorado River. If tomorrow we had the are willing to take our chances. I wish money to build the project ourselves we Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. io say, moreover, that I shall be happy to would have to secure a right-of-way in Mr. WELKER. I promise not to de­ assist the Senator in securing an appro­ order to go over those Federai lands. tain the Senator much longer. priation to build the project in his State, After the Senator has studied the en­ I am impressed by the statement of because I believe it should be built. abling act.of Arizona, after he has stud­ my friend from Arizona with respect to Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, I ap­ ied the cases from which I have quoted, the help which the people of Arizona will preciate the fine spirit in which the Sen­ as well as other cases dealing with this receive, and especially the help which ator from Arizona has answered my litigation, and after he has studied the Indian tribe to which he has just question. opinions of eminent lawyers such as referred will receive. I believe that he In conclusion, let me say that I am Judge Stone, who testified in the hear­ and I agree that our treatment of the concerned at this time with two major ings; Mr. Tipton, who has spent years in American Indian, not only in Arizona, matters. The first one is why it requires such litigation, Mr. Wilson, of New but in Idaho, has been disgraceful, and an act of Congress in order that a bil­ Mexico, and lawyers from Utah-all of will be a blot on the record of the Amer­ lion dollars, or perhaps more than a bil­ them with the exception of the lawyers ican people as long as we continue to · lion dollars, may be authorized with re­ from California-he will agree that it is · treat them as we have treated them. spect to a vast project such as the one a desperate thing to require a State to I should like to make one reference to we are discussing, before a court of law · come before Congress for relief, if it can the question of whether or not the State can render a decision on the subject of be obtained in any other way. of Arizona is competing with the State water rights or other rights of priority With respect to the question raised by of Idaho, the State of Wyoming, · the existing between the State of California the Senator from Idaho, that of over­ State of Nebraska, or any other State, by and the State of Arizona. supply · of food, I wish to say in reply the development of this reclamation The Senator from Arizona has sub­ that our population is- increasing very project. The Senator's State raises mitted a brief to me, and I shall at­ rapidly. No state and no nation can be more alfalfa per acre than . does any tempt to study it. It seems to me we prosperous unless it has a sound agri­ other state that I know of. Alfalfa is are opening a wide gate when we au­ cultural foundation. Our Nation has one of the principal crops of Idaho. The thorize a vast project such as this with been prosperous because we have had a Senator's State produces a great many the one prime principle in mind, · th~ frontier to which we could go to obtain cattle, as well as sugar beets and pota­ authorization being for the benefit of land. Our forefathers could go west and toes. There is no question in my mind the lawyers and the litigants who are to take up land. My father and your that the proposed project would have try a lawsuit involving rights as between father, Mr. President, could stake out. a some effect. two States. Claim in the ·West and there build a In conclusion, I wish to admonish the My second point is this: I know tha~ home. The hardy pioneers who went very distinguished Senator from Ari­ the Senator appreciates the fact that west have made the United States what zona, who is making a very valiant fight I am thinking about a situation which it is today. for the people of his State and for the might hurt my own arid State of Idah.c;>, The records will show that we do not welfare of his State, that it seems to me, namely, whether we may not be deve~~ ?lave a surplus of farm lands, farm if he will allow a newcomer to be critical, oping too many farms. The Senato:r iands which we will need and which can that he is making a very ~erious mis­ recalls our vast Mountain Home Air be developed by such projects as the one · take if he does not have some kilowatts Base at Mountain Home, Idaho, whicl?.__ _we _are consid.eriruL ...... That is a subjec_L tied down for the state of Arizona,, 5882 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE MAY 28 rather thar. to have all the power go into Mr. McFARLAND. The power part of if we have a final determination of the the public power pool, to be sold and dis­ the project must pay interest. My good issue between the State of California and tributed all over the State of California friend from California understands, of the State of Arizona with respect to the and the Southwest by a group of gentle'.. course, that the project will be on exact­ utilization of these waters. men who repose in the Department of ly the same basis as the Central Valley If the development of the Colorado the Interior. project of California. River is to be eternally blocked by a con­ I have fought all the way in respect Mr. NIXON. With respect to the troversy which in the present state of the to the Hell's Canyon bill. Before I ever Central Valley project in California, is law cannot be settled by the Supreme favor that bill, my State must be se­ it not correct that the irrigators-the Court, then it seems to me that the cured to the extent of at least 300,000 farmers, shall we call them? for this United States as a whole will be suffering kilowatts of electrical energy. purpose-in the Central Valley project a great loss because of lack of develop­ The pending bill strikes me as being of C_alifornia will pay, and are obligated ment in the upper basin States. I have rather broad. If I may appear critical, to pay, 52 percent of all the cost allo­ often wondered why the State of Cali­ it might at some time embarrass the cable to irrigation, whereas in the case fornia would npt cooperate with other pzople of Arizona, because if California of the central Arizona project the irriga­ States to make certain that we obtain is as greedy as the Senator has described tors or farmers will be paying thr-ee­ this development. As I see it, the prin­ in the debate, the people of California tenths of one percent for costs allocable cipal objective of the bill is to have· a might well come in and take all of Ari­ to irrigation? noes the Senator con­ justiciable controversy, which can be zona's electrical energy. sider that to be a similarity? settled by the Supreme Court, so that I thank the Senator very much for Mr. McFARLAND. That is the Sen­ we may proceed. If we do not succeed giving me this time. I appreciate his ator's interpretation. I will let him in doing so the result will be that the efforts. make that statement on his own time. only development will take place in Cali­ Mr. McFARLAND. I thank the Sena­ However, that is not our interpreta­ fornia. As I pointed out when we pre­ tor. tion. viously acted upon the bill, not a single I do not like to use the word "greedy" Mr. NIXON. The Senator disagrees, drop of water of the Colorado River sys­ in speaking of my friends from Califor­ then, wlth that conclusion? tem rises in the State of California. nia. Many of them have told me that Mr. McFARLAND. Yes; I disagree. Mr. MALONE. If the distinguished they favor the Bridge Canyon Dam Mr. NIXON. I should like to ask the Senator from Arizona will yield I should project. It is human nature for every­ Senator from Arizona another question. like to ask a question of the distinguished one to try to get everything he can. Referring to the cost of this project, senior Senator from Wyoming. I am sorry that we do not grow sugar does he recognize that in order for the Mr. McFARLAND. I shall yield the beets. We grow a few potatoes, and we Bridge Canyon Dam project "to be feas­ fioor in a moment. grow alfalfa, but the alfalfa is needed ible, it will be necessary to construct also Mr. MALONE. It is in line with the at home in Arizona. I think the price the Glen Canyon Dam? present discussion. _ of alfalfa clearly indicates that there Mr. McFARLAND. Yes; or other Mr. McFARLAND. Mr, President, I is not an oversupply. : dams up the river. It has been re­ cannot overemphasize the fact that I am Mr. NIXON. Mr. President, will the ported that the people of the Sts.te of worried about the colloquy· which sug­ Senator yield? the Senator from California have al­ gests a belief that the development of , Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. ready put up money for a survey f.or the one State hurts the development of an· ! · Mr. NIXON. Let me say that I join Glen Canyon Dam. I expect the Glen other State. I do not believe we can with my colleague from Idaho [Mr. Canyon Dam to be constructed at a very build a better .Nation in that way. We WELKER] in commending the Senator early date. It cannot be tied 'to this must help each other. I have no fear from Arizona for his very eloquent project, because it is iri the upper basin, that any one. State will become over­ statement in behalf of his position. Of and the upper-basin States felt that they developed or that there will be an over­ course, I find that I am in disagreement need that project for the regulation of development of irrigation projects or with the conclusions he reaches. I their water and delivery to the lower agricultural land. It may have been tme think it would be valuable, however, if basin, as well as for power purposes, to at one time, but with the increase in certain areas of agreement might be help them build their own proj.ects. population, as shown in· the last census, reached, so far as concerns the issue be­ Mr. NIXON. Apart from the legal that danger is disappearing. tween those who favor the bill and those questions involved, is it not true that the I am now willing to yield the fioor, in who oppose it. Bridge Canyon project will not be feas­ order that the Senator from Nevada may ~ I understand that the Senator from ible unless and until the Glen Canyon ask a question of the distinguished Sen­ Arizona has made the statement that 99 project is also completed? ator from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY]. percent of the cost of the project will be Mr. McFARLAND. No; Ido npt agree I thank the distinguished Senator from repaid through the sale of power, and with that statement at all. I have never Wyoming for his contribution. I think through contributions from the sale of yet seen a dam which was filled with it has been very helpful. water. I believe the Senator from Ari­ silt. Unless California opposes the upper Mr. O'MAHONEY: Is the Senator re­ zona, in referring to cost in that in­ basin states as she has fought us-and f erring to me? stance, is referring to the principal she may do so-it is inconceivable that Mr. McFARLAND. ·Yes. only. Is that correct? the people in the upper basin will not Mr. O'MAHONEY. I want the RECORD Mr. McFARLAND. Principal, of want to build dams and develop the up­ to show that I thank the Senator from course, with respect to the irrigation per basin. They will probably be ahead Arizona. features, and interest with respect to of us in a few years. Whether they will , Mr. LONG obtained the fioor. the power features. build the Glen Canyon Dam or not, they Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the Mr. NIXON. So far as concerns the will build other dams in Wyoming or in · Senator from Louisiana yield so that I interest on slightly more than $2,000,- some other State. may ask a question of the Senator from 000,000, as estimated by the Bureau of Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will Wyoming? Reclamation, no part of that interest the Senator yield? Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I ask will be repaid, as I understand. Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. unanimous consent that the Ser~ator 1 .Mr. McFARLAND. Oh, yes. I believe Mr. O'MAHONEY. I desire to make from Nevada may ask a question of the that directly and indirectly every bit of the record quite clear that the upper- : Senator from Wyoming, and that the it will be repaid, and more, too. basin States do want to use the water of. Senator from Wyoming may make his Mr. NIXON. Is there any require­ the Colorado River. For more than 30· reply, without my losing my right to the ment, apart from the indirect payment years we have seen only one project: :floor. of interest and benefits which the Sen­ really constructed upon this stream, - . The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ator believes will accrue from the proj­ namely, the Hoover Dam. There are· objection? The Chair hears none, and it ect, for the repayment of interest? Is vast possibilities in the upper basin ~ is so ordered. there a legal requirement for the re­ States. There are great resources in Mr. i\&:ALONE. I should like to ask payment of illterest? those States which can be developed only : the distinguished chairman of the Com .. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5883 mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs a project even if the Supreme Court took Mr. O'MAHONEY. Frankly I am at· a if it is not a fact that there are now :five jurisdiction and decided that the water loss to understand what the Senator· separate bills in the committee upon was not available in the quantity the from Nevada means. which no hearings have been ,had and Secretary of the Interior said should be Mr. MALONE. I voted against it. upon which no notiee of hearing has available. In other words, they could Mr. O'MAHONEY. There is no mi­ been given, which bills cover a range still go ahead with construction. nority view. of projects from a relatively small one Mr. O'MAHONEY. Of course, there Mr. MALONE. Is it necessary to file of a few hundred acres to a project of could not be anything in any bill which a minority view to be recorded against a 60,000 acres. would prevent Congress from carrying bill? Does the Senator say it was the Mr. . O'MAHONEY. I am not quite out its legislative function. The Senator unanimous vote of the committee? I sure that I understand the Senator's did not mean that, I am sure. deny it was unanimous. question. Mr. MALONE. I accept the correc­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Then I misunder­ , Mr. MALONE. Has the Senator from tion, although it is rather technical; the stood the position of the Senator from Wyoming made any attempt to hold any project may go ahead regardless of the Nevada. hearings on the bills, which ·the junior action of the Supreme Court. However, Mr. MALONE. The Senator did not Senator from Nevada introduced, to ir­ in view of the fact that there are :five misunderstand at the time. rigate Nevada land with water from the bills requiring much smaller amounts of Mr. O'MAHONEY. As I say, there is Colorado River? water in committee which would permit no minority view. The bills deal with :five projects rang­ the Supreme Court to take action for the ing from a small project to one embrac­ irrigation of land in Nevada, it would be Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, will ing 60,000 acres. less dangerous to act on one of those. the Senator yield? . Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator from I may say, to digress for a moment, that Mr. MALONE. I admit there is no Nevada will recall that it has been the there are :five States in the lower basin, minority view. The Senator from Wyo­ general opinion of the l .• .embers of the and the junior Senator from Nevada is ming well knows that there was more Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ becoming a little irritated to hear the than one vote that would have been re­ fairs that it would not be worth while, controversy referred to as a :fight be­ corded against the project in committee. in t~e present state of our expenditures tween California and Arizona. Nevada Mr. O'MAHONEY. I do recall that for national defense, to report bills which has received ·little water from the Colo­ there was. would involve additional expenditures at rado River. It could use 900,000 acre­ Mr. MALONE. I will accept the Sena­ this time. For -:;hat reason, when we re­ feet. Apparently a deliberate attempt tor's explanation. ported S. 75 we were careful to adopt a is being made to sidetrack the State: of Mr. McFARLAND. If the Senator will very important amendment which made Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, and let me explain, 10 votes were cast in fa­ it clear that there would be no construc­ make it appear to be a :fight between vor of the bill and 2 votes were cast tion and no expenditure under the bill California and Arizona. against it, but no member of the com­ at the present time. I :received· a letter With all due respect to the Senator mittee saw fit to :file a minority view, from the two Senators from Arizona from Wyoming I say that it is not a :fight as the distinguished Senator from Wyo- · stating that it would be their intention between the States of Arizona and Cali­ ming has pointed out. to off er amendments to the bill which fornia. It fs a :fight between :five States. I should also like to call attention to would make that point very much clear­ I will say further that the Congress of the fact that the junior Senator from er. The Senate hst year passed the the United States has never in its his­ Nevada only recently introduced his bills. provisions of the pending bill. The bill . tory appropriated money to take water Of course, under the rule a bill must be raises a justiciable issue. I have had out of an interstate stream for the bene­ reported by the committee to which it is no request from any member· of the fit of one State in the basin, in the ab­ referred, before it can be acted on by the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ sence of an interstate compact or an Senate. fairs for any hearing on the bills to . adjudication by a court of competent We never have had any controversy which the Senator from Nevada refers. jurisdiction. with Nevada; we have conceded that Ne­ Mr. MALONE. The bills were intro­ · The Senator from Wyoming certainly vada is entitled to the water Senator duced, and they are jn committee. The cannot point to one such instance. Pitman said the State wanted. · However, Chairman may call them up at any time. He is very technical about it when it Nevada has not yet come forward· with Mr. O'MAHONEY. That is correct. concerns his own State. The State en­ a bill calling for that water. Mr. MALONE. They are in commit­ gineer and the governor of every State Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I de­ tee at the pleasure of the distinguished must agree before he will permit any­ ny that. Five bills have been intro­ chairman of the committee. thing of that nature to be brought up duced that will utilize the 900,000 acre­ ,Mr. O'MAHONEY. No; I disagree affecting his own State. feet of water which a regularly appoint­ with that statement. They are there at Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator from ed ·engineering committee reported Ne- · the pleasure of the committee. If the Nevada attributes to me a power which vada could use in l935. Senator from Nevada desires to call I neither claim nor attempt to exert. them up let me suggest that he do . so ll.1:r. LONG. Mr. President, I ask Mr. MALONE. I have heard the Sen­ unanimous consent that the Senator at the very next meeting of the com­ a tor assert the principle. mittee. from Nevada may make a brief state­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, for ment, without prejudicing my right to will the Senator yield? the RECORD I desire to make clear that the fto'or. Mr. MALONE. I should like to con­ I hold in my hand the report of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there . tinue my questioning of the Senator Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ objection? Without objection, it is so from Wyoming. fairs. The junior Senator from Nevada ordered; and the Senator from Nevada Mr. LONG. Without losing my rights is a very able and helpful member of the may proceed. to the floor I ask unanimous consent that committee. Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, since the Senator from Nevada may ask an­ Mr. MALONE. I am cognizant of the the Senator from Wyoming has not other question of the Ser:ator from Wy­ methods fallowed in the committee. I bothered to read the bills I have intro­ oming and that the Senator from know the distinguished Senator's pro­ duced, I wish to ask him a question. Arizona may also ask questions of the cedure. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, per­ Senator from Wyoming, again without Mr. O'MAHONEY. The report was mit me to interrupt the Senator from prejudice to my rights to the fioor. submitted by the Senator from Arizona Nevada long enough to say that he has The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there on the unanimous vote of the committee.' never requested the chairman of the objection? The Chair hears none, and No minority view appears in it. No mem­ committee to hold a hearing on any of it is so ordered. ber of the committee has even attempted these bills. Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I should 'to file a minority view. Therefore I am Mr. MALONE. I did not understand like to make the categorical statement, at a loss-- that I had to make such a request. The first, that there is nothing in Senate bill Mr. MALONE. I was present, and Senator from Wyoming has the bills be­ 75 which prohibits the construction of . I yoted against it. fore him, as chairman of the committee. 5884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 28 I wish to ask this question: Would not The Drew Pearson column also makes Wyoming, who tried to block the oil lobby it be well to pass a bill authorizing a the false statement that the senior Sen­ with a compromise bill, and who spent 2 smaller project which would not use ator from Nebraska CMr. BUTLER] voted hours privately trying to persuade Senator the proxies of the Senator from Mon­ RussELL LONG, Democrat, Louisiana, spokes­ more than one-half million acre-feet of man for the lobby, to compromise. But water, which includes the same provision tana [Mr. EcToN] and the Senator from LONG wouldn't budge. for the reference to the Supreme Court, Utah CMr. WATKINS] in support of cer­ thus making the matter a justiciable tain amendments that I offered. Noth­ Closed-door vote issue? Would it not be better to act upon ing could be farther from the truth, Mr. In the show-down voting behind closed doors, Senator HUGH BUTLER, Republican, a bill that would not require such large President. The Senator from Montana from the inland State of Nebraska, with no works or expenditure? and the Senator from Utah were not water boundary other than the Missouri Mr. O'MAHONEY. I see no objection present, and neither of them was re­ River, showed up with the proxies of two in principle to doing that. corded. It is my understanding that the other Senators, ECTON, Republican, from the Mr. McFARLAND. Of course, Mr. Pearson ·article is a part of a campaign landlocked State of Montana, and WA~Ns, President, all of us agree that Nevada of libel and smear in an effort to in­ Republican, from the desert State of Utah. is entitled to 300,000 acre-feet. So a timidate those two Senators by putting Joined by Senator CORDON, of Oregon, this bill calling for the use of 100,000 acre­ them on notice that they will be the vic­ made four Republican votes for the oil com­ tims of falsehood and vilification if in panies. feet would not make the matter a jus­ Chairman O'MAHONEY had counted on the ticiable issue. their conscience they should feel that the vote of the Senate Majority Leader McFAR­ Mr. MALONE. I think it would. In - States a.re entitled to some consideration LAND, of Arizona, since the majority leader any event, let me say that Nevada is in the administration of their submerged is supposed to vote with the administration entitled to 900,000 acre-feet of water, lands. on all major policies. However, McFARLAND not 300,000 acre-feet. When I undertook to support the rights owes a debt to persuasive, potent BOB KERR, of the coastal States, I was warned that Democrat, Oklahoma, the man who really THE TIDELANDS CONTROVERSY-PER­ I could expect to be smeared by many of made him majority leader, and McFARLAND SONAL STATEMENT BY SENATOR LONG the syndicated columns. My friends told joined two other Democrats--LONG, of Lou­ Mr. LONG. Mr. President, in the me that certain Federal jobholders, both isiana, and SMATHERS, of Florida-in over­ ruling the Supreme Court. O'MAHONEY was Washington Post of Thursday, May 24, past and present, have a way of getting able to muster only three votes besides his the Drew Pearson column ran a very libelous falsehoods into print in columns own-ANDERSON, . Democrat, New Mexico; erroneous and possibly deliberate false of the type of Mr. Pearson's. I was also MURRAY; Democrat, Montana; and LEHMAN, report concerning the action of the Com­ infarmed that certain Federal lease ap­ Democrat, New York. mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs plicants, hoping to obfain for practi­ After the tidelands vote, McFARLAND rose with regard to tidelands legislation. .cally nothing, leases worth millions of to leave, sheepishly offered his proxy to Several things about that story are so dollars, have gone to the expense -of set­ O'MAHONEY on some ·minor votes. obviously false that I believe in fairness ting up quite a propaganda machine in "It's too late now," snorted O'MAHONEY. to the Senators who are on the commit­ an effort to bring their campaign to a "I could h_ave used it a while ago." tee, I should set the record straight. successful conclusion. Personally, I have Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will Mr. Pearson's column referred to me no regret and no hard feeling about this the Senator yield? as the sp0kesman for the oil lobby. As type of character assassination. I ex­ Mr. LONG. I yield for a question. a matter of fact, the committee hearings pected it when I undertook to support Mr. O'MAHONEY. Has the Senator will show that the oil industry appeared the rights of my State. Nevertheless I from Louisiana concluded the statement in support of the O'Mahoney-Anderson do regard it as very unfair and certainly he wished to make? bill which I have been opposing because unfortunate that Senators who were not Mr. LONG. Yes. I have felt that it would greatly prejudice even present and recorded should be the Mr. O'MAHONEY. · Then, Mr. Presi­ the rights of coastal States. Therefore, subject of falsehood and libel merely for dent, I ask for recognition in my own to be fair about the matter, I can be con­ the purpose of intimidating them in the right. sidered as much a spokesman against the event that their own conscience should The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ oil industry as a spokeman for it. Of dictate that they recognize certain ator from Wyoming is recognized. course, the oil companies are presently equities existing in favor of the States of Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I willing to go along with any kind of leg­ this Nation. merely desire to confirm much of what islation that would prevent the Federal I ask unanimous consent that the arti­ the Senator from Louisiana has said. authorities from taking their leases from cle which I have referred to be printed There is no necessity, however, to restrict them. Although the Attorney General of in the RECORD at this point. my intervention to a mere question. the United States solemnly told the Tl\ere being no objection, the article Let me say that the Senator from United States Supreme Court that these was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Louisiana is en~irely correct in his state­ States leases would be protected, the oil as follows: ment; in other words, the Senator from companies nonetheless fear that certain [From the Washington Post of May 24, 1951) Nebraska [Mr. BUTLER] did not vote the Democratic politicians may take the side THE WASmNGTON MERRY-Go-ROUND proxies of the Senator from Montana of various Federal lease applicants who (By Drew Pearson) [Mr. ECTON] or the Senator from Utah hope to obtain leases worth many [Mr. WATKINSJ. Both those Sena·rors LOBBIES USE MAC ARTHUR PROBE millions of dollars at the expense of a were absent from the committee meet­ mere $10 filing fee for a Federal lease. One result of the MacArthur controversy ls a field day for the lobbyists. With the coun­ ing. Their votes were not cast there. This results from the fact that State try absorbed with the MacArthur dispute, It is only fair to them to say that at a leases have been let by competitive bid­ the lobbyists are able to put across all sorts previous meeting of the committee they ding, while Federal leases have been let of fancy deals without the public realizing voted, with the chairman of the commit­ by noncompetitive bidding on a more or it. One of the latest is a move to reverse tee and other members, against the so­ less first-come, first-served basis. the Supreme Court in regard to tidelands called quitclaim bill. I The Pearson story goes on to say that oil. So the story from which the Senator the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. In 1936, when President Roosevelt tried to reverse the Supreme Court by an act of Con­ from Louisiana has quoted has to date O'MAHONEY] tried unsuccessfully for 2 gress, it made headlines for weeks. But at least completely misrepresented the hours to persuade me to compromise, but without benefit of headlines, the big oil lob­ position which those two Senators have that I would not budge. The truth of the byists are now trying to reverse the Supreme taken. matter is that I have at all times ex­ Court ruling that the submerged oil lands Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, will pressed to other Senators a willingness otf the coast of the United States belong to the Senator yield? to work out any sort of compromise ar­ an the 48 States, not merely to California.., Mr. O'MAHONEY. Certainly. rangement that would not prejudice Texas, and Louisiana. Mr. MILLIKIN. I have not seen the what I consider to be the ultimate rights Last week the lobbyists quietly won out particular article to which reference is of the States. I have made as much ef­ 1n their initial move. They finagled the made, but I wonder whether the dis­ fort to persuade the Senator from Wyo­ Senate Interior Committee into voting-7 to 4-to return tidelands oil to these three tinguished Senator can advise me 'ming to see the States' point of view as States. whether my position has been inter- he has made to show me the Federal side The vote was over the objection of chair­ . preted. I voted for the quitclaim bill :of the picture. man, Senator JoE O'MAHONEY, Democrat. and I voted for the Long amendment. I 1951 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE 5885 hope there is no confusion· about that. our own, and the Congress of the United Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, Can the Senator advise me whether there States would no longer be the controlling Oregon, Rhode Island, and Tennessee. tg any confusion about it?· factor of our destiny, but would be rele .. I am sure that all patriotic Americans Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator from gated to the status of the legislatare of a are gratified that that leaves only a lit­ Louisiana has the article tu which ref­ separate state in the federation. tle handful of States with the unionists' erence has been made. However, I do FOREIGN NATIONS NOTHING TO LOSE resolution still not believe there was any confusion at on the book. No doubt all about the position taken by the Sen­ Small nations are, of course, anxious they too will see the light and rescind, ator from Colorado. for this union, provided the United Those who would sell us out· quite ob· Sta:es is in it. We hear no talk of a viously want us to scrap the Constitu­ Mr. MILLIKIN. I must say that it tion and join with Western Europe. seems to me that if the distinguished United States of Europe which could Senator from Louisiana did not look after have been a great organization, such as ENTAIL MERGING OUR SOVEREIGNTY the oil interests of his State, he would the United States of America with each That would entail, as the junior Sena­ be justly subject to vilification. There­ of the European nations having the tor from Nevada has said, a slight fore, I should think he could take with status of a State in the federation. change in the Constitution of the United considerable pride any vilification which Those nations have a common interest. States, so that the Congress of the might come to him for having looked Their living standards are near enough United States would no longer be the after the interests of his State. alike to enable them to have such a controlling factor in the destiny of this Let me inquire what this matter is all union, and they could reach the ultimate country. about, in other words. in economic and military strength. It would no longer be possible to have Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I SOCIALIST IDEAS RUN TRUE TO FORM an American policy or any other doc­ was about to add that I think it is quite Atlantic Union, it is just another way trine which conformed to American in­ correct that I have used as much time of their getting more out of Uncle Sam. terests. It would no longer be possible in trying to persuade the Senator from The nations of Europe would not be in .. to formulate an American policy, Louisiana to agree with me as he has terested in this plan at all unless we AN AMERICAN POLICY ·used in attempting to induce me to agree were in it. Like all socialistic ideas, the It has been a long time since we have with him. However, to date neither one fellow with nothing would like the fel­ had an American policy. On April 18 of of us has succeeded. low with something to agree to divide this year, the junior Senator froni Ne­ THE DESTRUCTION OF OUR INDEPENDENT equally their total assets. I have seen vada addressed the Senate outlining the ECONOMIC AND MILITARY SYSTEM no evidences that Western Europe wants need for and what might be included in to do anything for America because it is a statement of American policy. THE ATLANTIC UNION COMMITTEE for America. It has been so long since we have had Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I call WE HAVE BEEN THROUGH A GREAT SICKNESS an American policy that the school chil .. the attention of the Senate to the activ­ Unfortunately, there has grown up in dren, now graduating into college, have ities of an organization known as the At­ our minds a philosophy which would sur­ never heard of it. lantic Union Committee. render patriotic Americanism. We have USING ALL THE SCHEMES-INCLUDING BLACKMAIL ONE FURTHER STEP gone a long way down the road toward The schemers are using all the tricks. · Anyone who has read the literature put abandoning Americanism. The Ameri­ They are using the threat of communism out by this organization can plainly see can people have stood for a lot, but I and the necessity of defending Europe. that they are attempting one further cannot bring myself to believe that they They are using the Atlantic· Pact; they step in a carefully thought out plan to would stand for this complete sell-out of are now referring to an "Atlantic Feder­ subjugate the United States of America America. ation." They propagandized for our to an international government and to : Our case is like that of a man who has sending ..troops to Europe. They have merge the political, economic, military, been through a great illness. We see favored all give-to-Europe programs. and social life and destiny of this coun­ signs of convalescence. That is, there They warn against blockade of Red try with that of Western Europe. are signs that it is a little more popular China, as "it might anger Britain," who There has been introduced in Congress to be for the United States of America. is still dealing with our enemy, the a resolution· prepared by this organiza­ I believe that those signs are going to be Chinese Communists; who have attacked tion. It would provide another big step strengthened, us-and where our latest, casualty list, toward an economic and military union MANY STATES ACTED--THEN MOST RECOVERED reluctantly and belatedly released by in which the United States would have The resolution prepared by the At­ General Marshall, Secretary of Defense just one vote-a plan destined to destroy numbers more than 140,000 men and not lantic Union Committee was introduced 65,000 as first "reported. · America-that is, Mr. President, the in many States. Some of the States America which you and I have known. turned it down :flatly, because they im .. SOME ENGLISH EDITORS HORRIFIED In this union, the United States would mediately recognized that it was a sell­ A Manchester, England, editor recent­ have no more voice than would Luxem- out of America. The States which im­ ly remarked, in substance, "Why the burg, '' mediately turned the resolution down next thing you know, they will be expect­ PUSHING US INTO A FEDERATION flatly were Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, ing us to bomb supply bases in Com­ Mr. Pearson, Prime Minister of Cana· Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, New munist China." That is horrible. da, as well as prominent officials in Eng­ York and Vermont. THE CROWNING INSULT TO AMERICA land and other interested countries, Not only did the Mr. President, ·as a crowning insult, a have referred to the Atlantic Union turn down the resolution but that patri­ British judge in Hong Kong awarded as the Atlantic Federation-a federation otic body of Americans jumped in and to the Chinese Communists 40 Ameri­ of nations-such as our federation of immediately passed a resolution vigor- · can-made transport planes intended to States, which led to the United States of ously opposing that type of government. be used against the Chinese Communists. America, each country of which would Among the States which passed the A letter addressed to the junior Sena­ have an equal vote in the federation of unionists' resolution was Oklahoma, but tor from Nevada by Claire Lee Chen.. nations or at best a vote based on popu.. although the legislature passed this res­ nault, major general, United State Army, lati on. : olution, the Oklahoma voters threw it retired, lends some intelligence to this CHANGE THE CONSTITUTION out at the general election by a vote of commitment by the British judge of the The particular point at issue is that 4 to 1. American-made planes to Communist establishment of the Atlantic Union A number of other States passed the China. He says: would require a slight modification of the resolution, being thoroughly deceived by This is the latest round in the fight which Constitution of the United States, to the the propaganda, but when they realized Mr. Willauer and I and our associates have what it was all aboftt, they rescinded the been making for the last 18 months to make end that each of the 12 members of the sure that this war-vital fleet of air trans· North Atlantic Pact, and in any enlarge .. resolution. The States. which rescinded ~ port planes does not fall into the hands of ment thereof every other nation which the unionists' resolution are Alabama, the Chiaese Communists-and it has never became a member in the regular way, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia,1 been more important than now that thia would have one vote~ each as powerful as, . Kentucky. Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,! should not happen. -' XCVII-371 5886 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-EfENATE MAY 28 Perhaps the British are subtle enough to most of them transports, since another air­ ington News, dated May 22, 1951, entitled understand how this action of their Hong line is involved in a similar case. "Hostile to United States," reading, in Kong court can be squared with the United NOT CONSIDERED part, as follows: Nations embargo on the shipment of war Th& potential m111tary use of these planes, materials to Red China-which the British The British judge in Hong Kong who say they are supporting. I am frank to say Red China's war on the United Nations in awarded 40 American-made transport planes Korea, and · the fact that most of China's to Red China, holding their sale to General tha.t I-and I think most simple-minded pro-Communist civil aviation came from Americans-find this action incomprehen­ Chennault, "hostile to the interests of the American taxpayers' bounty did not enter Chinese people," must have overlooked the sible. The British may feel they have offset their the case. point that the Chinese Communists are a1 action on these planes by their recent em­ Moreover, transfer of the planes to Peiping war with the United Nations, including th1 bargo on rubber shipments from Malaya to would conflict with the spirit, at least, of the British Empire. Communist China. But this embargo will new U. N. embargo against exports of poten­ BRITAIN RECOGNIZED COMMUNIST CHINA not slow up the Reds for a long time to come. tial military value to Red China. They have their British-fed stockpiles to Peiping stood on her sovereign immunity Mr. President, that may or may not be draw on and they can still get rubber from and was not formally represented in the true, but the British Empire has recog.. Indonesia. These planes, however, give the suit. It was brought by Civil Air Transport, nized Communist China. Communists a tremendous lift to the war Inc., the company formed by General Chen­ It has on two occasions of!ered an aP• nault, the wartime commander of Flying potential now just where they need it most-­ proach for stopping the fight in Kore~ in air transport. Tiger fame, and his partner, against the or the war, as some us call it-or police. If this Hong Kong court decision and the Central Air Transport Corp .• which once was Malayan rubber embargo were a trade, I saY. Nationalist-controlled. action, as the President calls it. we have been traded a rabbit for a horse. SEIZED CONTROL PROPOSED RECOGNITION OF COMMUNIST CHINA SHIPPED RUBBER--'l'IN---STEEL . Some turncoat Central Transport employ­ Two .conditions laid down were that Mr. President, the junior Senator from ees, together with some from the China the Communist Chinese Government be Nevada was in Hong Kong and Singa­ National Aviation Corp., seized control of admitted to the United Nations in place the airlines' Hong Kong assets after the of the Nationalist Chinese representa­ pore late in 1948 and saw shiploads of Chinese Nationalists took refuge in For­ tin and rubber and steel which were go­ mosa. tives, and that Formosa be given to the ing to Communist China. Although Britain then recognized the Na­ Chinese Communists. There were other equally abhorrent conditions, Mr. Pres­ WARNED FOR 3 YEARS tionalists, nothing was done in Hong Kong legally to restore Nationalist authority over ident, but those w~re the two outstand­ I stood on the Senate floor at various the planes and other property. ing. times in the past 3 years explaining Thus, the Reds were in possession and con­ I should like to say at this point that what was happening, that the result of trol from the beginning of the investigation, I believe the secretary of state is still in the Marshall plan and ECA would be to which seemed somehow to help prove owner­ favor of the recognition of Communist arm Russia and her satellites through ship to the British Chief Justice. China. He repudiated the speech re­ her 95 trade treaties with the Marshall IT'S RETROACTIVE cently made by Dean Rusk, which was plan countries, and that this material On December 12, 1949, when General Chen­ perhaps to allay the fears of the people was going to Communist China. nault and. Mr. Willauer made their business of the United States that the State De­ Finally, the Senate passed a resolution, deal with the Nationalists, Britain still had partment actually could be in favor of after 3 years of arguments pounding like not recognized the legality of the Red regime, but did so on the following January 5. Now such a thing. raindrops on a roof. I recall, Mr. President, that in Septem­ I hope Congress will not move so slow­ Sir Gerard rules that British recognition was retroactive to October 1, 1949, when the Com­ ber 1949, I stood on this floor and said, ly in waking up to the other vital mat­ munists proclaimed their rule in China and while the international conference was ters which af!ect our sovereignty and invited the recognition of other nations. in progress between England, Canada, very existence. "I hold, therefore, that as from October 1, and the United States, that as soon as TRANSPORT PLANES TO COMMUNISTs-BRITISH 1949, these aircraft were owned by the Cen­ the British representatives returned JUDGE tral People't government," the Chief Justice decreed. He dismissed the suit, and, because home, or in the very near future, they Mr. President, in the Washington "there must be finality in this matter," would devalue their currency. News of May 22, 1951, appears a report he trimmed an allowable 6 months for I also said that Mr. Acheson had under the byline of Clyde Farnsworth, a appeal to 2. . agreed secretly to join them in support Scripps-Howard stafI writer, headed Sir Gerard decided that the Formosa Na­ of their move and in the recognition of "Calls sale to Chennault 'conspiracy'. tionalists must have foreseen British recog­ Communist China, and her admission to British justice awards 71 transports to nition of Peiping and thereupon improperly the U. N. Chinese Reds." I read briefly from the contracted with the American partners to Of course, in the U. N. we would vote article: sell their assets for promissory notes on con­ dition that the Chinese Communists would against it in a perfunctory manner, and HONG KONG, May 22.-It sounded like a never benefit-that passengers and goods then, with the overwhelming vote which radio broadcast from the Chinese Red regime would never be carried within, to, or from was anticipated at that time, the Chinese at Peiping, but it was the wigged and gowned Communist areas of China. He ruled: Reds would be ~, dmitted and we would be British Chief Justice for Hong Kong who de­ livered .this opinion: That Maj. Gen. Clare "HOSTILE TO CHINESE propagandized, as I said then, by the Chennault and his partner, Whiting Wil­ "This transaction was clearly hostile to the great State Department throughout the lauer, conspired with the illegal (National­ present Government of China, and I con­ ;Nation, suggesting that we might as well ist) government in Formosa to deprive the sider it hostile to the interests of the Chinese tollow in such recognition to protect our Chinese Central People's Government of as­ people. economic interests and other factors. sets of two "Communist-liberated" airlines. "I have no hesitation in reaching the con­ There was such a furor raised that And they committed an impropriety hostile clusion that not only was it one designed to to the legal government and interests of the embarrass the people's government, but it they have not dared to do it, but they still Chinese people. was against the interest of the Chinese peo­ have it in mind and will still follow ple and it was a transaction incompatible Britain. Please remember that. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ with that trusteeship which every govern­ BRITAIN-DEVALUED CURRENCY FOR TRADE sent to include in the RECORD at this ment must assume. ADVANTAGES point the remainder of the article. It "Loss of these aircraft in a country so simply describes the decision and the re­ large as China and with poor communica­ As to my other prediction, Sir Stafford sults which will fiow from the decision. tions would be severe." Cripps denied seven times during that There being no objection, the remain­ The planes in dispute are now "pickled" month and the following month that der of the article was ordered to be at Hong Kong's Kai Tak Airfield. The Amer­ Great Britain intended to devalue her Printed in the RECORD, as follows: icans announced they·would appeal. Appeal currency, but practically as soon as he ~ Such was the substance of the judgment by failing, the only way Hong Kong could with­ t"eached home the currency was de­ Chief Justice Sir Gerard Howe in the Hong hold the militarily valuable planes from Red valued. Kong Supreme Court sustaining the Chinese China would be to apply a recently adopted Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Reds' ownership of 40 transport planes and requisition ordinance. ·other airline property in Hong Kong. sent to have the remainder of the edito­ 1 In effect, the ruling, unless reversed, will Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I have rial printed in the RECORD at this point ,turn over to the Reds a total of 71 planes, before me an editorial from the Wash- ln my remarks. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-S-ENATE . ~ ~ -. 5887,

There being no objection, the re- r General Eisenhower leave Europe-leave The Gray and Rockefeller reports would mainder of the editorial ·was ordered to the unionists' military program in Eu­ expand point 4 aid to backward nations- be printed in the RECORD, as follows: rope-long enough to come to Washing .. 1nto a permanent policy and link it to West­ He seems also to have ignored some other ton to support the next part of their ern European defense operations. These re­ pertinent facts. scheme, the sending of another $10,000,- ports were prepared for the White House bY. The Chinese Nationalist Government sold 000,000 of American taxpayers' money to Gordon Gray, former Army Secretary, and the planes to General Chennault and his Europe. Nelson Rockefeller, former Coordinator of associates on December 12, 1949. At that Inter-American Affairs. time Britain recognized the Chiang Kai-shek ONE HUNDRED BILLION DOLLARS TO FOREIGN '1'HREE·POINT PROGB.AM--ONE ECONOMIC WORLD regime as the Government of China. Brit- NATIONS Mr. President for 3 years on the Senate ain recognized the Red Government at Pei- Mr. President, it may be of interest floor the junior Senator · from Nevada ping on January 5, 1950. But, to square the at this time if I refer briefly to an ar­ record with his verdict, the Hong Kong judge ticle written by Walter Trohan and pub­ has said that there was a three-point held that British recognition was retroactive lished in this morning's Washington program for a one economic world. - to October 1, 1949, the date the Reds pro- T . H Id d What were the three points? claimed their formation of a provisional Imes- era · I rea from it in part One was the free-trade program as government. as fallows: ' practiced by the State Department un­ Britain, having joined the United States Demand is growing in Congress for a full- der the 1934 Trade Agreements Act, as in an arms embargo against the Chinese scale investigation of foreign-aid spending extended, with the State Department in Reds, surely will not let these planes be which ls approaching $100,000,000,000 for delivered to them for use in servicing their the last 10 years. sole charge of leveling all the tariffs and troops in Korea. But, if there ls any doubt of Sentiment for inquiry is mounting on two import fees to the point where the prod­ that, our own Government should make sure fronts. There is concern over reports of ucts of the sweatshop labor of Europe that it doesn't happen. These planes, when waste, extravagance, corruption, and boon­ and Asia could come in unchecked, in sold on easy terms, were intended to assist doggling on a world-wide scale. direct competition with the products of Nationalist China in a recovery program. a higher standard of living. Then there Giving them to the Communists would be an Mr. President, what do we expect with is the choice of writing down wages and act hostile to the interests of the American a world-wide WPA in the hands of the investments to meet the competition, or people. WPA'ers? I continue to quote from the going on unemployment relief. BRITAIN SHOCKED BY OUR RESOLUTION article: MAKE UP TRADE BALANCE DEFICITS Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, as a And there are fears that foreign spending matter of fact, radio broadcasts from is being employed as an avenue to bring The next point is-and it has so been this country into a union with western stated by the Secretary of Stat e and As­ Britain over the week end would indicate European allies or a world federation. sistant Secretary, Mr. Willard L. Thorp, that Britain is horrified that America should want her to stop trading with our A world federation of nations, Mr. not once but several times before con­ enemy, the Chinese Communists. President. gressional committees-that the ECA and the Marshall plan were simply tem-. TWO-YEAR EXTENSION OF FREE TRADES World spending and world union advocates are advancing the same arguments for their porary expedients to make up the trade­ Mr. President, the one-worlders, who programs. These are that the programs are balance deficits. would sell us out, were successful last essential for implementing defense against Those are not the exact words, but week in making the Senate swallow the the soviet Union, vital to the accumulation that is exactly what the statements add free-trade program-hook, line, and of strategic materials and will raise the up to. sinker-for two more years, and their standard of living throughout the world to And do that until such time as what?; make the world free and secure. next step is to pump a new $10,000,000,.. Within the pa.st month, Canadian foreign Until such time as the markets of this 000 foreign-aid program for Europe. minister Lester B. Pearson expressed hope . Nation could be divided with the nations Incidentally, free trade is part and that the North Atlantic amance will grow of the world through the free-trade pro ... parcel of the one-economic-world 1nto a federation, and Joseph c. Grew, for­ gram of the State Department. · scheme, a step toward leveling our mer Under Secretary of State, indicated that THE THIRD POINT standard of living with that of other preservation of the North Atlantic pact as · What was the third point, Mr. Presi-:1 countries, meaning a lowering of our a step to federation is more important than the war in Asia. . dent? The third point was the Inter-' American standard of living. . Both Pearson and Grew are advocates of national Trade Organization, which~ For two more years the American world feder-ation, which would place Amer­ simply was an organization of 55 or 60 workingmen and investors are placed in ica's wealth, manpower, resources, and pro­ nations, whatever nations would come the hands of a thoroughly discredited duction at the vote of European nations. into the organization-and they all State Department. EUROPEAN NATIONS GROUP VOTE TO CONTROL would. \ THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION UNITED STATES We would be the key to the organiza- . The Secretary of State and his cohorts Mr. President, the article does not re­ tion. If we did not come in, of course,· appearing before the Senate Committee fer to a vote of Congress, as we have there would be nothing to divide. on Finance promised that they would been used to voting upon the recom­ The joining of that organization, the not bring up again the International mendation of a one-economic-world­ approval of Congress, was on the must Trade Organization, but the junior Sen­ minded administration. list of the President for three different ator from Nevada proved beyond the It refers to a vote of a combination of years, Mr. President. Only now they are shadow of a doubt last Monday, Tues­ European countries, not a vote by Con­ saying they are not bringing it up any day, and Wednesday, that with the gress. longer. adoption of the commercial policy sec­ To have the matter go through a vote JOINING STEP BY STEP--GATr tion, ·chapter 4, of the International of Congress is rather dull and often de­ I have traced the procedure step by Trade Organization Charter by GATT lays the imposition of additional taxes step. The International Trade Organi­ (General Agreement on Tariffs and on American citizens. . zation is to be gotten through Congress Trade), and other bills which have Some Senators even have the temerity without actually confronting Congress been introduced and which were de­ to debate the subject on the Senate floor. with the legislation itself, which means scribed at that time, they would, in But after Congress is bypassed it will be that the sponsors of the organization · effect, have adopted the International a very simple matter. were not sufficiently . bold to come out Trade Organization, notwithstanding. I continue to read from the article: with the whole matter at once, so they TRANSFER OUR SOVEREIGNTY TO FOREIGN NATIONS The State Department and ECA publicly arc bringing it in piecemeal. The military, political, and economic releases hammer at one-world ideas, al• The Organization, composed of 55 or phases of the scheme are closely related though being careful not to do so explicitly, 60 nations would have charge of setting · On March 2, ECA Administrator Foster, and under the total scheme would trans­ 1n a speech, confidently implied a permanent the tariffs and import fees of the mem­ fer our sovereignty to a group of foreign ECA to finance Western Europe for both de­ ber nations. The same result will be nations. fense and general welfare betterment. He arrived at through the piecemeal legis­ Mr. President, the unionists, who ob­ said the way to a truly safe world ls to help lation and the Torquay pronouncements, viously work in close harmony with Sec­ our friends-East and West-to attain a bet­ ending three international conferences retary Dean Acheson, will shortly have ter life. l:eginning at Ge.neva in 1945. 5888 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 28 That is not quite all. They could set THROUGH THE DOORS AND WINDOWS working, conscientious people. They do quotas of production for the member Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, it is all not see the whole picture. nations. If they thought too much tied together neatly. There is a definite Perhaps they could not individually wheat was being produced in the United pattern indicating a complete sell-out. be disloyal to this· country. They are States, or too much tungsten, or too They not only come in through all the simply for something which finally much of any kind of textile, or of pre.. doors, they come in through the win­ added to the other factors, adds up to cision instruments, they could reallocate dows too. disloyalty. the amount to be producted by each na .. SAME KIND OF LEGISLATION MUST WELD THE ENTIRE PICTURE TOGETHER tion. Mr. President, I should like to say that As the junior Senator from Nevada They could seat all these great State since the junior Senator from · Nevada has many times pointed out, the mistake Department brains around the table, and has been on the Senate floor the tenor, of the Senate is to take it for granted knowing exactly what each nation the kind of legislation, the tempo of the that each of the trick suggestions, and woulJ utilize for the coming year, sim .. legislation coming across the Senate each tricky piece of legislation brought ply divide the production. floor has not· changed. forward during 18 years of legislation, THROUGH THE BACK DOOR THE SENATE TO BLAME stands upon its own feet-in other So they go through these laborious words, that each is independent of the passageways to arrive at something Before the junior Senator from other. through the back door. Even Mr. Ache .. Nevada was a Member of the Senate, That is the mistake which the Con­ son, as optimistic as he has been that many people said that it was Mr. Roose­ gress makes. How are the people of Congress could not read or understand velt who brought all this about. Then the United States to know the dangerous what it read, or if it did read it, there Mr. Roosevelt died, but the legislation over-all picture if we do not detect it would be a majority in the Senate that continued coming across the Senate here? would be in favor of dividing the mar .. desks at the same tempo. As a matter of facts, each is only a kets, the source of our income, went to Then it was said that it was Mr. Tru.. . step in the well-conceived plan to merge the great Senate co~mittee-and it is a. man's fa ult, because he makes so many this Nation with the nations of Europe. great Senate committee, Mr. President, mistakes. The combination leads to a deliberate and some o·f the finest Members of the A STRAIGHT LINE TO SOCIALIZATION. attempt to destroy the national eco­ Senate are members of that commit­ Mr. President, the junior Senator from nomic structure an.d the workingmen tee-and promised that committee that Nevada is reminded of a humble illustra­ and investors along with it. the International Trade Organization tion. The mistakes which Mr. Truman In that connection, I ask unanimous would not come before this body. makes and the mistakes which Mr. · consent to have printed in the RECORD He did not say, however, that the Roosevelt made remind me of someone at this point as a part of my remarks parts would not come before this body slightly under the influence going home another dispatch under the byline of and make up the whole when the parts about 3 o'clock in the morning. Walter Trohan. This dispatch is en­ had finally been approved by Congress He steps off the sidewalk on one side, titled "British ·scheme To Merge United a part at a time. That would be like then gets back on, and brushes up States with West ·Europe Revealed," shipping parts of an airplane to China, · against the wall of a building on the and is dated May 22, 1951. The sub;. the engine first, then the wings, then the other side. After a little while. he is head is: "Planners Using Atlantic Pact body, and finally the plane being assem.. . back off the sidewalk; but after he has To Scrap Constitution and Control Yank bled in China. · walked four or five blocks, it can be said Might." Mr. President, I ask that the remain­ that he has gone in a straight line. There being no objection, the article der of the article of Walter Trohan be For 18 years there has been no let-up,· was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, printed in the RECORD at this point. · no· change, and no deviation in the kind as follows: There being no objection, the matter of legislation which has come to this (From the· Washington Times-Herald of May referred to was ordered to be printed in -floor. · · 22, 1951] the RECORD, as follows: It leads to one thing-one economic BRITISH SCHEME To MERGE UNITED STATES Since passage of the original Lend-Lease WITH WEST . EuROPE REVEALED--PLANNERS world, . and to the nationalization and USING ATLANTIC PACT To ScRAP CoNSTITU• Act in March 1941, more than $8~000,000,000 socialization of the industries of this have gone to foreign aid in lena-lease, the· TION AND CONTROL YANK MIGHT British -gift-loan, UNRRA, triter-American country, and the utter destruction of (By .Walter Trohan) the e~(:momic sy::item of this country step ~ aid, Greek, Turkish aid and other_programs. The North Atlantic Pact is being employed This figure was prepared by the ;Library of. by step.. ~ to promote a scheme· to merge America with Congress for aid up to June 30, 1950. NO REFLECTION UPON INDIVIDUALS the military, political, economic, a.nd social In the curre-nt fiscal year, the budget calls This is riot intended to cast any re .. life and destiny of Western Europe. :for '$8,300,000,000 for foreign aid. Last week· ftection upon some of those who have The Atlantic Union committee met here President Truman asked for $8,500,000,000 last week to pump for scrapping the Consti· for the next fiscal year beginning July 1. permitted their names to be used in con.. tution a.nd unite with Western Europe, par- These would bring the total of foreign aid nection with this organization. ticularly with Great Britain. I to $97,800,000,000, or two-fifths of the total However, I do say that in the humble The threat of communism and the neces­ national debt of $256,000,000,000. opinion of the junior Sena.tor from sity for defending Europe were emphasized The expenditures were authorized and car­ Nevada many p.ersons are being used by by speakers as argument.a for Union Now. At ried out on a piecemeal basis. No real in· the same time, the unionists warned .against vestigation has ever been made as to·the per­ schemers against America. Well-mean.. ing citizens-in fact, some of my blockade of Red China as a step that would formance and results of these programs. anger Britain and imperil the Atlantic Pact, Congressional committees have roamed the friends-have fallen for the propaganda.; the first step toward union. world on various junk-ets, but no over-all When they study the question I am The administration was putting final investigation has ever been made. sure they will immediately withdraw touches to a. proposed demand upon Con­ The Senate was a so-called watchdog their support. gress for a new $10,000,000,000 foreign-aid committee on aid composed of Senators Mc­ program for western allies. The program CARRAN, Democrat, of Nevada, and BRIDGES, SUBORDINATING THE AMERICAN Mll.ITARY AND ECONOMY is being advanced as a means of meeting Republican, of . The two the Communist threat. Senators lack the time and means of investi­ Mr. President, the Atlantic Defense gating the expenditure of sums diftlcult even Alliance is moving slowly but surely to­ UNITED STATES ARMS SUBORDINATED to comprehend. ward subordinating the American econ.. The foreign-aid program and the sending Recently, under growing pressure for an of American troops to Europe are bringing accounting, the Senate Republican Policy omy and the American Military Estab.. American military might under foreign con­ Committee appointed a committee to in­ lishment. Likewise America's industrial trol. The Atlantic defense alliance is slowly quire into economic and military aid and potential, her shipping, her manpower, moving toward subordinating the American the methods of its administration. and her resources, are destined to slip Military Establishment. Those Senators appointed are WILEY, of under foreign domination if the union­ In time the United States Army, Navy, and Wisconsin, chairman, SMITH of New Jersey, Air Force would be placed under pact dom­ BRIDGES, of New Hampshire, SALTONSTALL, of ists have their way. ination, in which the United States would Massachusetts, FERGUSON, of Michigan, and Perhaps the real workers in this have but one vote. Also the Nation's in­ :WHERRY, of Nebraska. unionist organization are good, hard.. dustrial potential, shipping, manpower, and 1951 CONGRESSIONAL R~CORn-=sENATE 5889 resources would slip under foreign domina­ DEFICIT FINANCING away from the Congress of the United tion. The third item was deficit :flllancing. States. Indication of foreign control of the Ameri· can Military Establishment came out of·Lon­ I am sorry to say that a great .many The Congress would become a legisla­ .don Saturday when it was announced that people are easily sold on the idea that the . ture, the same as a legislature in any the United States and Britain had decided more money we spend the more wealth State of this Nation. · to reconsider plans for establishment of we shall have. ONE POLITICAL WORLD WILL RESULT naval command. It was considered signifi· The junior Senator from Nevada never I admit that some of the actions which cant that the announcement came from could make a banker believe that. London rather. than here. have been taken on the Senate fioor There is only one difference between might lend weight to the argument that NAVAL COMMAND HELD t7P an individual . and his unbusinesslike perhaps we should be demoted. . The British want command of the navy ·· practices and a nation with its unbusi­ 1n the Atlantic, although their navy is vastly Howe.ver, I would say that we should nesslike practices. That is that the in­ not be demoted in that way. Mr. Pre&i­ inferior in ships and men. The ~nited dividual is through when his bank and - States ·has designated Admiral William B. his friends desert him, whereas a nation dent, when you have one economic world, . Fechteler as supreme naval commander 1n which you will have when you have · the Atlantic. In the fact of British opposi· is finished with its unbusinesslike prac­ . enough infiation, when you have spent tiOn, Fechteler's · appointment was. held up, tices only when the money which it .enough money abroad, and when you thus clearly demonstrating subordination of prints no longer has any value. ' have divided the wealth of this Nation America to Britain. SUBSIDIES Unionists would subordinate American in· and divided the markets of this Nation, terests to British interests in the Pacific. The fourth item is the subsidies which with the avowed purpose to which the Joseph c. Grew, former Under Secretary of "we pay in lielt of tariffs and import fees. Secretary of State has testified, one po­ State and former Ambassador to Japan, de­ We remove tariffs and import fees and litical world will not be long in coming. nounced General MacArthur's suggestion for make it possible for all the other nation$ The first step is · to destroy the eco­ an American blockade of Red China. of the world to come in with their agri­ nomic system of our country with the Grew told members of the Atlantic Union . cultural products and other products myriad approaches. committee that the blockade could lead to a shooting war against British shipping and without restraint, · . As the junior Senator from Nevada has imperil the North Atlantic Pact. He said We pay a subsidy to those industries .stated, the action taken by the Senate the blockade could .result· in war if Ameri· which we want to survive, to hold the · last week in extending for 2 years the can vessels fired on British ships. It has economy until such time as we are ready absolute dictatorship of a thoroughly been disclosed in Congress that British ships ·to manipulate it for another purpose. discredited State Department over every have been supplying essential war materials That means, of course, that we are workingman and investor in the United to the Chinese Communists, including rubber. subsidizing and ~tabilizing the prices of States of America was just extending PENDING IN CONGRESS the agricultural and other products of the first step in that plan and pi;ogram. .The Union Now promoters have a resolu­ surrounding countries, but we have OFFICIALS OF ATLANTIC UNION . tion pending in Congress calling upon Presi­ plenty of money, so we have deficit dent Truman to invite Atlantic Pact nations financing, anq make the people believe The president of the Council of the . to meet with ~his country to explore the Atlantic Union Committee is the Hon­ ·possibility of political union. - that the more we spend, beyond what we orable Owen J. Roberts, a former Justice ,~, , senator KEFAUVER, Democrat, of Tenne~see, can collect, the better off we are. That of the United States 8upreme Court. He was induced to take time off his iz:i.vest1ga­ · idea has been sold to this country, start­ is from Philadelphia, Pa. tion into the alliances between crime ~nd ing, I suppose, with the British Keynes politics in order to present the resolution. · program, and continuing through to the One vice president is the Honorable . KEFAUVER and 26 senatorial colleagues signed present time. Mr. Keyserling, in the Will L. Clayton, former Under Secretary the resolution. · White House, still believes it. I suppose · of State. . He is from Houston, Tex. A farger section of the Senate believes that Another.vice president is the Honorable the Atian tic Union scheme is a plan to . he will believe it until the Government Robert-P. Patterson, former Secretary of destroy America. Some opposition Senators can no longer sell its bonds. War. He is from New York City . . are convinced that the Atlantic Pact is the SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION -wedge by. which t:iie internationalists would The secretary is the Honorable Lith­ . tear down the American Republic. The Securities and Exchange ComID:is­ gow Osborne, of Auburn, N. Y. The , sion was established to prevent new · treasurer is Elmo Roper, of West Red­ NAME THE SCHEMES financing, not merely to make sure that . ding, Conn. The chairman of the execu­ . Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, let ~e the investor knows the truth. ·· tive committee is Hugh Moore, of Easton, name just a few of the schemes which It has been taken for granted for a Pa. The vice chairman of the executive · started in 1924 and continue to the pres­ hundred years in this Nation that the committee is Arnaud C. Marts, of White­ ent time. The most recent action on function of government regulation is house, N. J. The executive director is the fioor of the Senate was last week, to inake sure that the people know the Walden Moore, of New York City. in.the e4tension of the 1934 Trade Agree­ truth. : A CONGRESSIONAL. COMll4IT'I'EE MAY DE IN ORDER ments Act. But now before we can sell sec,urit:i.es Mr. President, I invite the attention According to history, would-be rulers we must convince the engineers and the of the world for 2,000 .years have .oper­ of .some of the congressional committees hand-raised economists of the Securities which may have some time on their ated on the theory that in order to con­ and Exchange· Commission that the en­ trol a people they must destroy or take hands to give the Atlantic Union a little terprise will be a success. attention. · away from them the ·thing which they When we were examtning some of the used for money . . The State Department has been en­ engineers before a committee, the junior gaged for 18 years, and through three THE METAL BASE FOR CURRENCY Senator from Nevada informed them international conferences, starting at The first act-by the way, ·with the that if they could see underground as Geneva in 1947, and including Torquay, · approval of the Senate-took away .the they indicated and determine whether England, which has just been completed metal base tor the currency of the Umted , or not a mine was going to b~ successful, in dividing o.ur markets with the na­ ·States. It is said by certain persons that ·whether the ore pinched out and became ·tions ·of the world, their absolute author­ they want to stop infiation. They may leaner or whether it widened out and be­ ity has just been continued for two more as well say they want to stop 8! b~lloon came enriched, or if they could see int9 years, to . divide our markets . with the from going up in the air without anchor- · the future ·and determine whether or not nations of the world. ing it to anything. · . a particular building would be a profit­ Removal of the metal base of the cur­ Inflation is v.ery easily stopped, but the able investment, they were. wasting their rency of the United States, the resulting man who stops it will not be popular.. time here. inflation, subsidies, deficit :financing, The second step, ·as the junior Senator · We could take them somewhere where from Nevada has described on the fioor prevention of new fin_ancing through the of the Senate many times, was the free­ "they could ,make some real ~oney. SEC form the combin·ation and add up trade program, to divide the markets, the . ONE-WORLD FEDERATION OJ' NATIONS ..._ to a deliberate attempt 'to destroy the source of our income, with other nations The~ there is the one-world federation ·national economic structure -of this of the world. . . ~f nations, ~hie~ would_take authority . ~a~ion . 5890 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 28 NOMINATIONS IN THE ARMY; NAVY, AND Staff or from the President with regard to · order and/or directive which had been . MARINE CORPS . . action or his_ ca.rr:v.ing ou~ · · d h' b h' h r· General COLLINS. There was one-- rmpose upon Im Y ig er authority. ' Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, as in Senator SMITH. Military action. . This colloquy begins on page 3408 of executive session, from the Committee General CoLLINs. There was one specific the joint committee hearing of May 26 ~n Armed Services, I report certain rou­ incident .that. did . occur, Senator, which I 1951: ' tine nominations in ~he .A,rmy, Navy, and don't know whether it has been introduced , Senator CAIN. Gene+al Coilins, in World Marine Corps. The list of nominations in the testimony' or not; but one of the War II, I was privileged on occasion to serve instructions that the Joint Ohiefs had issued in units which were on your right or left includes 353 Military Academy grad­ to General MacArthur was that he would flank. uates, who will be commissioned on June no~ Use . anything _but Korean troops on the General COLLINS. On our left flank, sir. 1, 1951. In order to avoid the expense frontier, and he did not comply with that. Senator CAIN. That experience· taught me of. printing the nominations on the He sent American forces directly to the to grow to understand your fairness, your Executive Calendar, I ask unanimous frontier without advising us ahead of time courage, and your intelligence. In a word, consent that the nominations be con- · on it, and when we asked him, challenged sir, I hold you in very high regard, and I :firmed en bloc at this time, and that his doing this, he said that he did it because mention that because I know you will take of military necessity. · no exception, or I hope you will not, to sev- the President be notified ... The action had already been taken and .The. PRES:pJIIiG OFFIC:Elt. Witq­ we did not coun.termand it, but that was era1. questions I would like to pose to you out objection, as in executive session, a specific example. now. the nominations are considered and con­ General Collins, this inquiry deals with . That testimony appears on pages 3198 two questions, one of which, in part, is the firmed en bloc. Wit.hout objection, the and 3199 of ·the hearings of . May 15, splendid reputation of· an American, which President will be notified forthwith. .1951. • has been the pride of our Nation for many THE MACARTHUR C9NTROVERSY I d f 3200 f th h · years. I want to do everything I can to see rea rom page 0 e earmgs: that this reputation is neither tarnished nor Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, on May 3, Senator SMITH. And you told him not to doubted nor criticized in any single respect 1951, the Committee on Armed Services send any troops within what distance? without complete justification. . and the Committee on Foreign Rela­ General COLLINS. Ldo not recall that we From what you said yesterday, I know tions, sitting jointly, began their inquiry specified the distance, but it was a clear-cut that . you believe that Gen. Douglas Mac­ into the military situation in the Far directive that he was not to employ troops Arthur has been and remains among the East and the facts surrounding the re- other than South Koreans close to the foremost military leaders in ·our American frontier. history. . lief of General of the Army Douglas MacArthur ·from his assignment in that As Senator SMITH was engaged in his General CoLi..INS. That is correct, sir. area. · colloquy with the Army Chief of Staff Senator CAIN. I a.m convincea, General the Senator from · California [Mr. Coll~ns, that · you seek, intentionally, to do ~ · The junior Senator from Washing­ KNoWLAND] was listening with deep in- him no harm. · , ton _is a ·member of the Committee on . General COLLINS. Definitely. - ·Armed·_ Services, an,d he has attended, terest. A few moments later, in his Senator CAIN. on yeste.rday, General Col- . with one exception, every session of the .own right and time, the Senator from lins,· 1 th.ink you unintentionally, and I ·committees sitting jointly. California, at page 3236 of the hearings emphasize that word, unintentionally did a i Since the inquiry began, I have not of May 25, 1951; said: first-rate hatchet job on General Mac- . thoug~t it proper · or necessary to offer Now, General, in the . light of thos.e mes- Arthur; and .certainly you led the · Nation : to the Senate any views whatever con­ sages, can you indicate any place in your to believe that General MacArthur violated record where General MacArthur violated a a field directive, a field order, when, in: my ! cerning the heatings. This afternoon directive of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that opinion, he did no such thing: · · I believe it is completely proper and he. must not use American troops in going In an effort to find ·out :w:ho is right, · 1 necessary that I make a small portion to the Yalu? want to ask you several more questions of the joint committee record available General COLLINS. Yes, sir. t did not in- about your . statement. of yesterday, ~hat to every Member of the Senate and to tend to indicate when I cited that as an . General MacArthur had disobeyed one of the every American. citizen who wishes to example-I was asked specifically were there JCS instructions, that General MacArthur lread it. It has been thought· and said any instances which did-- should not employ anything but -Korean by some persons that Gen. Douglas Mac­ Senator KNOWLAND. I understood that. troops on the frontier. · . Arthur disobeyed some military direc­ General COLLINS. Cause us to view his· ac- My first question, General Collins: I tion wit'1. alarm, and I gave you a correct wonder if you intended to say anything yes­ tives which guidetl the conduct of his answer. On the 27th of September a direc- terday, or thought you said it, which justified campaigns in Korea. Up to this min­ tive had been sent to General MacArthur. this headline in last ~ight's Evening St1,1.r: . ute, Mr. President, there is not a single I think this can be paraphrased, to this "Collins says push to Yalu broke orders." ; shred of evidence to support any such effect: And, in the first .paragraph of that story, : view. · "Under no circumstances, however, will I want to quote it: General MacArthur testified under your forces cross the ~anchurian or "Gen. J. Lawton Collins, Army Chief of oath before the committees that. at no U. S. S. R. borders of Korea, and as a matter ataff, . said today General MacArthur dis­ time had he disobeyed a military direc­ of policy"-not a flat directive but as a regarded a specific Joint Chiefs of Staff matter of policy-"no non-Korean ground directive last fall by sending American troops tive. forces will be used in the northeast prov- near the Manchurian frontier." Gen. George C. Marshall, Secretary inces bordering the Soviet Union or in the Did you intend, yesterday, General Col- of Defense, testified under oath that he area along the Manchurian border." lins, to support those two content.ions made knew of no failure on the· part of Gen­ in this medium of public opinion, sir? eral MacArthur to obey literally every Mr. President, as the Senator from General CoLLINs. certainly not the head- military directive. New Jersey [Mr. SMITHJ and the Sena- lines, senator. · Gen. Omar '.Bradley, Chairman of the tor. from California [Mr. KNowLAND] Needless to say, I don't write headlines, · Joint Chiefs of Staff, testified under were interrogating the Army's Chief of and I was not seeking headlines. oath that he knew of no failure on the Staff on his allegation that General of I thought I had clarified it, and in one part of General MacArthur to obey the Army Douglas MacArthur had dis- or two comments that I listened to over literally every military directive. obeyed and violated a military directive, the radio last night, it seemed to me that I was listening with close attention to they -were a fair evaluation of what I said; However, on Friday of last week, May . · t h' h · and it is true that in answering the first 25, Gen. J. Lawton Collins, Army Chief those i n t errogat ions, agams W IC Ill question, I indicated that' it was a viola- of Staff, suggested under oath that Gen­ my own right and time, on Saturday, the tion of a directive, .or words of that effect. eral MacArthur had disobeyed a par­ 26th day ·Of May, 1951, I had a colloquy I promptly corrected that, and made the ticular military directive: This allega­ with the Army's Chief of Staff. I wish point that. what, in my opinion, and I still tion, sir, came in response to a question · to read it from the record in a fashion have this opinion, General MacArthur did, asked by the Senator from New Jersey identical to that in which it became a was to not follow a matter of policy which lfMr. SMITHJ. I wish to read from the part of the committee record, so that · had been clearly delineated to him in a short colloquy which ensued: Americans everYWhere and our friends directive of the 27th of September, u I across the seas can judge for them- ~ remember the date correctly. ~ Sena.tor SMITH. In spite of this statement Now, of course, in the field, we endeavor of yours, all the testimony has said that selves whether General of the Army to give our field commanders as much lee­ General MacArthur never in any way violat .. Douglas MacArthur ever violated or re- ·way as pos~ible, and( certainly we gave Geri- . ed any directive from the Joint Chiefs · of fused ti> -carry out to-the letter ·a -military · · eral ~acArthur lots of leeway...... 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5891 The point I was making, and I think I eral Bradley and General Marshall have testi­ province, but here is my last question on clarified it in the testimony, was that that fied in no tincertain terms that in no single this subject so that everybody knows, gen­ condition being true, in other words, that instance did Gen. Douglas MacArthur ever eral, and you and I and everybody else under­ being our normal procedure, to give our violate or disobey a directive or an order." stand this problem. field commanders plenty of leeway, then we I think my memory is fairly clear, and in Was there any mandatory pr~visio'n of any felt that it was incumbent upon them to part helped by the record, that General Col­ kind, character or description in the instruc­ follow our broad policies and that when lins said: "But. I will give you an instance tion in question which prevented General they felt impelled to vary from them, to in which h~ did disobey"-and these are the MacArthur from deploying his forces as mili­ consult with us. words that you used, ang we seek to clear tary necessity dictated? General MacArthur did not consult with it up out of fairness to you and out of fair­ General COLLINS. There was not. There us when he issued his directive, I think it ness to a man who has been to this American was the 24th of October, in which be took a hero all his life-- shouldn't have been. I would not have sup­ the wraps off of his field commanders and General COLLINS. And he has been to me. ported such a fiat mandatory order. when we called him on it, he came back and Senator CAIN. And you say, sir: Senator CAIN. I appreciate your answer, said he did it as a matter of military ne­ "One of the instructions that the JCS bad and I think that clears that matter away for cessity. issued to General MacArthur was that be all time. That is a matter of judgment, and, as I would not use anyt1ling but Korean troops indicated yesterday, I refused to get involved on the frontier, and he did not comply with Mr. President, the two committees, in the discussion where judgment of that that." sitting jointly, seek the truth in the form character is involved, because we are a long I have a question to this point, sir. Wlll of facts surrounding the relief of General ways away. you tell me what a JSC instruction is? I of the Army Douglas MacArthur of his The only point now in my raising this ask you that against your words because I commands in the Far East. question, and you will recall that I · did not have not understood what an instruction is. The Army Chief of Staff, Gen. J. Law­ volunteer this-I made this point in answer Is it an order or ls it a suggestion? ton Collins, whom I have said-and I to a question before this committee. The point that I endeavor to make, and The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. meant it-I hold in very high regard, which I hope now to make abundantly clear, SMITH] then entered the colloquy: was careless and thoughtless in his alle­ is that this did represent an instance where Senator SMITH. Will the Senator yield at gation that Gen. Douglas MacArthur had a policy clearly enuncia.ted by the Chiefs was that point just for further corroboration of disobeyed a military directive. General not followed, and was not followed without the point b~ is making? On page 3200 Gen­ Collins has honestly and willingly c_or­ consulting with the Joints Chiefs of Staff. eral Collins said in answer to a question of rected the record of the two committees. In my judgment there was plenty of time mine when I said, "And you told him not to I have presented General Collins' testi-. during which the Chiefs could have been send any troops within that distance? consulted prior to the issuance of this di- mony for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, ~o "General COLLINS. I do not recall that we that every Member of the Senate of the rective. . specified the distance, but it was a clear-cut I said that, to me, the fundamental one of directive that he was not to employ troops United States may be able to read for the two fundamental points in this whole other than South Koreans close to the himself that the Army Chief of Starr may inquiry is whether or not the President bas frontier." have had policy disagreements with Gen­ the-whether we owe it to the President to General COLLINS. And that was later cor­ eral MacArthur, but the Army Chief of give to him a field commander who is in rected, Senator, when it was brought to my Staff does not any longer maintain that consonance. or in general accord with the attention, the wording. Frankly, I had for­ General of the Army Douglas MacArthur basic policies under which we are operating. gotten the exact wording of that, and I did .1 tliink this was one indication among many ever disobeyed or failed to carry out in correct it for the record yesterday afternoon, literal fashion a military directive. others, which certainly have been.clear, that not this morning; yesterday afternoon, as General MacArthur was not in consonance soon as it was brought to my attention. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Pres­ with the basic policies that led us gradually Now, the point I am driving at, Sena.tor ident, will the Senator yield for an ob­ to fear that just as be violated a policy in CAIN, I did not intend, and I think that again servation? this case without consulting us, perhaps the was clearly indicated in the testimony yes­ Mr. CAIN: I am very happy to yield thing might be done in some other instance terday, to accuse General MacArthur of in­ to the Senator from New Jersey. of a more serious nature. subordination or anything of that sort. Now we again followed this up. This par­ I still make the point that the directive Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. As one of ticular point we again followed up in No­ that was issued to him clearly indicated that those wbo participated in the very in­ vember when we suggested, we did not direct as a matter of policy we didn't want him to teresting colloquy which the Senator but we suggested, that General MacArthur send American troops close to the front. He from Washington has just related to the· should stop bis forces short of the Yalu. did send them close to the front without Senate, I wish to ·commend the Senator · Now, since you raised the question, Sena­ consulting us, when he could 'readily have from Washington for placing the full tor, I feel now compelled to tell you that consulted us, and then the decision would I don't agree and did not agree with Gen~ record before the Senate and before the have been made here, and if we said no we people of the United States, because it eral MacArthur's reply that it would not be would have accepted the responsibility for it. possible to stop OJ?- the high ground over­ That would have cleared him as a field was very confusing to all of us to have looking the Yalu. cominander completely. We would have had this question raised by one of the Chiefs . I would not have made this statement ex­ the responsib111ty then. of Staff, after we had heard General cept that you have pressed me now for an Senator CAIN. Right. That is not my con­ Marshall and General Bradley say that explanation of why I raised the question . cern at the minute, because the first order there never had been an occasion when yesterday. and directive wh1ch you imposed upon Gen­ in any way General MacArthur had vio­ Senator CAIN. Out of fairness, General eral MacArthur was to protect and preserve lated a military directive, and then, Collins, I have to press you, sir. the security of bis command as In his judg­ General COLLINS. I don't object to it. finally, to have the Army Chief of Staff, ment military necessity required. Now, I General Collins, admit that, even if such - Senator CAIN. Your answer speaks exactly have one question on this, sir. for itself. directive had been given, he would not General COLLINS. I do not object to it. General COLLINS. Well, you see now you have been in favor of it, and he did not My only point is that I regret that I am force me to say, Senator CAIN, that in my opinion to secure his command did not nec­ believe that it was the kind of thing forced to go into a discussion of this. I have which should have been insisted upon in the utmost respect for General MacArthur. essarily require the use of American troops I t hink his campaign from Australia to the for such probing ac.tions because actually not the case of General MacArthur. I feel Philippines was sheer brilliance, one of the only did he send American troops, but be also that the Senator from Washington has most brilliant campaigns that I know of in sent a Korean column, and if the· Korean done a real service in bringing out the military history. I think in this instance I column was competent to do the job, other whole discussion, because the newspapers disagree with him. That doesn't mean I am Korean columns could have done the job. certainly have been terribly misled as right and that he is wrong, but I disagree. · Senator CAIN. Exactly, sir, but be is 7,000 miles away, or was that distance away. He to just what happened. They have been Senator CAIN. General Collins, will you given the impression, at least, that there permit me to say this, sir: My military expe. wanted to protect the integrity of his com­ rience is very limited, but I certainly know mand as his judgment best dictated. was complaint of an instance in which .the difference between an order and. a_po~icy. He used both American troops and South General MacArthur violated a military General COLLINS. I did not say that he vio- Korean troops, and- directive. lated an order. · . The censor deleted the next 'line. I Mr. CAIN. I may say that one of Senator CAIN. Sir, let me ask you a few my reasons for thinking it proper to more questions. My recollection of yester­ continued: day is this: The Senator from New Jersey, I could only conclude that General Mac­ bring. this colloquy to the attention of Mr. SMITH, said: "General Collins, both Gen- Arthur's judgment must be within his .own the Senate this afternoon was that in 5892 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE MAY 28 . reading a number of American news­ complete ·RECORD· with the· speech of the · Because· I happen to come from · a · papers over the wee-k. end, L found,. at . Senator.from Arizona [Mr. McFARLANDL western reclamation State I do not be­ least to my satisfaction, that about 50 I was present during a good deal of the lieve that the yardstick and the meas­ percent of those newspapers had been . time the Senator was speaking, but later urement should be destroyed or that it misinformed, and that they continued : in the afternoon I had to go to an im­ should be so impaired that people over to believe that General of the Army portant hearing before the Appropria­ the Nation who are not in reclamation Douglas MacArthur had disobeyed some tions Committee. However, I do wish to States or not in a . position to benefit military directive received from higher put into the RECORD and to briefly dis­ from the reclamation laws would say authority, whereas the Senator from cuss a few of the phases of the proposal that the whole situation is unsound. New Jersey, the Senator from Wash­ which I think are extremely important; That is the great danger which I think ington, and every one of the 26 mem- so that Members of the Senate who will those of us who come from the West . bers of the two committees which were have the opportunity of reading the have to face if we completely destroy sitting jointly, know that no such alle­ RECORD and the speech of the junior the measurement standards we have gation is founded in any way whatever Senator from Arizona may have .some hereto!ore had. upon fact. I greatly appreciate the information which gives the point of It may be,-Mr. President, that instead ,comments just made by the Senator . view of those of us who doubt the eco­ o:! extending the period for 5 years, it from New J·ersey. _ ; nomic feasibility of the project and also could perhaps be extended for 10 years, Mr. SMI~H of New Jersey. I thank · other factors in connection with it. and we could say that the project, in the Senator· for his splendid expositio.n. ; I want to say, briefly, that · in the 6 order to be considered feasible, would I THE CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT years during which I have been ·a Mem­ have to be paid back in 60 years. · But ber of the Senate, and for many years in that ca~e I·submit, Mr. President, that . The Senate. resumed. the considera- · prior to that time, as a newspaperman, tion of the bill (S. 75) authorizing the . the same standard and the same yard­ I have favored the general policy of stick should· apply not only to a project construction, operation; . and mainte­ reclamation. I think this country made. nance of. a . dam and .incidentar works; in Arizona, in California, iri Texas,' iri great progress under the original-Recla­ Nevada, in Colorado, in Wyoming, or · in the main stream of the Colorado River. mation Act, and,. I might say, with con- · in any of the· other reclamation States, at Bridge Canyon, ·together with cer­ siderable pride, under the Republican tain appurtenant dams .and canals, and , but we .should be sure that the standard administrations which sponsored the :ls understood· arid that everyone abides· for other purposes. · original reclamation law and the various by the same standard. - Mr. McFARLAND obtained the fioor; developmel)ts which have taken place .. If we depa_rt from that, Mr. President;' Mr. NIXON. Mr. · President- . At the· same time, those of us who I submit we shall get into a situation in The PRESIDING : OFFICER _ (Mr . . represent:.the Western States have an which no one knows what the standards . SMITH of North Carolina· in the chair) . obligation to the other Members ·of the of feasibility are, and the orily test we Does the Senator from Arizona yield to· -Senate of the United States and to the will have, as was the case in the old the Senator from California? Nation to make certain that any project days of the tariff, will be a log-rolling Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. ' which is presented for the assintance ot situation which will develop in connec-· Mr. NIXON. Will the Senator yield the Federal Government shall be a sound. tion with -those projects which can ·line In order that I may suggest the absence :. project and that it shall so measure up up the -most votes, and regardless o{ of a quorum? by the yardstick which the Congress of· their feasibility, they will be the ones Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President,. it the.united States itself has laid down. that will receive approval. A State is 10 minutes to 5, and, unless some The great danger to western reclama­ which might not be able to get support Senator. wishes to speak-.-. - . tion, in my.jud.gment, would be the pres~ for its project, even though it be a sound · Mr. NIXON: I understand that my. entation of projects whiCh are not eco-. one, might be the one that would be· nomically sound to the extent that colleague [Mr. KNOWLAND] would like to completely left out of the picture. I do speak on the central Arizona project. · · people would . lose · confidence in our whole system of reclamation. I say on not think that makes for sound legisla­ Mr. McFARLAND: Does he want to · tion. , I do not thiz:ik it ma,kes for speak this afternoon? · my responsibility as -a. Senator of the a United States that · it is my judgment sound system of reclamation. Mr. NIXON. I think he would like to · Mr. President, earlier in the day the speak briefly. that if this project is approved in the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will form in which it is now before us, it will, stat'enient was made that· there are· a · the Senator yield? in fact, destroy the yardstick which we number of things that are comparable 1 have previously used, and hereMter it between the central Arizona project as Mr: McFARLAND. ·I yield. be most difiicult for the Congress . Mr. . WHERRY. Is. the_senator from will proposed· and -the Central Valley project of the United States to object to other of California. The similarities are that California [Mr. KNOWLAND] still in the uneconomical projects which may come hearings? · · both'. are multiple-purpose water and before it. power projects .and the irrigation fea­ Mr. NIXON. He is in a hearing be­ ad~it I am quite willing to that on the ~ures of both are to provide supplemen­ fore the Appropriations. Committee. He ·. question of the amount of time which will be here in a few moments. should be allotted for repayment of the . tary water to existing farms. The con­ Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I sug­ irrigation features of a reclamation trasts, based on data iri omcial reports of gest the absence of a quorum.• project there may be a basis for some the Department of the Int.erior as here­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The extension. It has been set as a period after noted, are shown by a table which clerk will call the roll. of 40 years, with a development period I have before me. I shall read the fig­ The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the of 10 years, or a total of · 50 years. ures for the Central Valley project of roll. There may be a basis for extending California and then -for the proposed Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I ask · the period because of rising costs, be­ central Arizona project. unanimous consent that the order for · cause of changed conditions, let us say, As to construction costs allocated to a quorum call be rescinded and that fur­ irrigation, the amount devoted to ther proceedings under the call be sus- · to 55 years. But if we do extend the pended. · period to 55 years, then I submit as a water supply in the Central Valley of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without matter of equity and of sound legisla­ California is $200,000,000. For the Cen­ objection, it is so ordered. Gion, the same period of time should tral Arizona project it is $382,000,000. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, be­ apply to every project which comes be­ The distribution and drainage systems cause of the lateness of the hour, I do fore the Congress. In other words, we in California amount to $64,000,000; in not want to go on with the main pres­ should use the same yardstick not only central Arizona, $68,000,000. entation on my part in opposition to on the so-called central Arizona proj­ The total irrigation costs in California the central Arizona project. I do want ect, but on every other project in the are $264,000,000; in central Arizona they the opportunity to and shall read the . country. are $4?0,000,000. 1951 CONGR.ESSIONAL ·-RECO:RD_-_SENATE 5893 The water to be supplied in California, ' There~ being · no' objection;"the citations which .. has come to our attention, tt· is 1,959,000 acre-feet. In the central Ari­ were ordei·ed to be printed in the RECORD, not unlikely that that budget in the next zona project, 1,070,000 acre-feet. as· follows: year may be $80,000,000-,000. In order Now here are where the vast contrasts (a) House Document No. 146, Eightieth to meet this vast ,expenditure of public take place. The farmers pay in Califor­ Congress, first session, page 15. · money we have to go to our citizens and nia $72 ,500,000, or approximately 36 per• (b) Testimony of P. E. ·coe, hearings on sell them $100 E-bonds which they buy cent of the water supply costs, as I have H. R: 1500 be:fore House 'Committee on In­ for $75 each, but when they come to cash previously noted, whereas in Arizona the terior and Insular Affairs, March 1951, table them in 10 years later, they will receive farmers pay $1,500,000, or approximately 1. , in return $100 for each E-bond. That . (c) Sen~te Document No. 113, Eighty-first 0.4 percent of water supply co,sts. 9ongress, first session, page 137. shows in a very small way the fact that In addition to that, there are the dis­ (d) House Document 146, supra, page 11. borrowing money costs the Federal Gov­ tribution costs. The other costs were at ( e) House Docume:p.t 136, supra, page 153. ernment a substantial amount. canal side. But in order to get the water (f) House Document 146, supra, page 22. I have mentioned that the E-bond in­ onto the farm there are the distribution (g) Testimony of P. E. Coe, hearings on creases by that amount in a 10-year pe­ costs. In the Central Valley of Califor­ H. R. 1500, supra. Also letter Secretary of riod. But the project is not a 10-year nia those distribution costs are estimated the Interior to Senator KNOWLAND. Answer project, Mr. President. It is not a 20- at $64,000,000, which is paid for 100 per­ to question 11. year project for repayment. It is not a cent -by the farmers of my State, where­ Mr. KNOWLAND. . Mr. President, 30-year project, it is not a 40-year proj­ as in the central Arizona project the dis­ mention was made a little earlier in the ect, it is not a 50-year project, as con­ tribution costs are not·paid for at all by day as to the amounts of available w~.;. templated under the reclamation law. It the farmers of the State. So that the ter ·supply. There is ·an honest differ­ is not a 60-year ·project. It is not a 70- total c·osts paid for by the farmers in the ence of opinion in this regard. As t<;> year project. The most optimistic esti:.. Central Valley of Califorriia amount to the States of California and Nevada, one mates, even. by the proponents of the $-136,500,000, or approximately 52 per­ happens to be a larger State than Ari­ measure, is that it will take 73 years cent of all the irrigation costs paid for by zona; one happens to be a smaller State before it can be repaid, and many of us th-e farmers receivin'g the water; whereas than Arizona. I think it is unfortunate who have studied the.matter believe that in Arizona the amount will be $1,500,00C>, that the able Senator from Arizona, who­ it will be closer to 90 or 100 years before or approximately 0.3 percent. ' is my ·good friend and colleague, found the funds can be repaid. So we do have · ·Now ·as to power production. In the it necessary to raise that issue. That is a right to look into a project which, by Central Valley of California the power not an issue in this situation at all. But the admissions of the proponents them­ production is entirely sold in California we, as Senators of the Uniteci States, selves, will involve some $780,000,000. in the project area and the · vicinity, have a responsibility to all the people of without interest; that when by the fig­ whereas in the ·central Arizona proposed the country. It is true that we repre­ ures of the Department of the Interior project a large portion is· to be sold in sent our respective States, but we are itself the interest will bring that amount California and-Nevada oµtside the area also Senators of the United States. t to over two billions of dollars, and I to be benefited directly or indirectly by think that we have an obligation to bring think will bring it even to a great deal the project. · the facts regarding an issue of this kind more than that. · Thus, the irrigatiori construction costs to the attention of the 96 Members of Taking the figures of the proponents of· ·Central Valley· are little more than the Senate of the Uhited States, because themselves, that it will require some 73 haif ·the irrigation costs of central Ari:. it is going to be the total population of years to pay back, which we believe is a zona; Central Valley will furnish about the country that makes a contribution to very conservative figure, the facts are in­ twice as much water as cent:t:al Arizona. this or any other project. · disputable that the Bureau of Reclama­ Farmers pay in Central Valley 52 ·pet­ I submit that it is orie thing if this tion and the Department of the Interior cent-- of all irrigation construction costs, country ·was operating on a balanced admit that unless certain upper-river but the farmers in central Arizona would budget, with a substantial surplus, 'and dams are constructed, which are not pro­ pay practically nothing toward such if the Congress in its wisdom wanted to vided for in this bill, the dam herein pro­ costs, even for distribution and drainage ·make certain allocations of appropriated posed will fill up with silt in 35 or 40 systems which in every-other project in funds, they might come to the point of years. How is repayment going to be the country are. paid 100 percent by view where they could-I will not say made under those circumstances? This the farmers. disregard, but perhaps place less empha­ is just the entering wedge for other proj­ - Forty-eight percent of all the irriga":' sis on the loss of interest. But I submit ects, which will be as unsound as this is, tion construction .costs of Central Valley that when the country has been running in order to prot~ct this project. will be paid from power revenues, but along for 18 years wi.th a deficit, when On the question of water supply, I ad­ au the' 'revenues, both for water and we are faced with tremendous war ex­ mit that there is an honest difference of power, will be paig by consumers in Cali­ penditures, when right now there is opinion. The Governor of California,-on fornia, in and near the project area.. pending in the House of Representatives behalf of my State, and the Governor of One hundred ·percerit of irrigation con: a new tax bill to levy taxes of billions of Nevada, on behalf of his State, have for struction costs of central Arizona would dollars more upon an already overbur­ a period of years endeavored to bring be paid by power, but the bulk of the dened population, that we do have a about, either by arbitration or by nego­ power revenues will be obtained from right, and we would be derelict in our tiation, a settlement of this honest dif­ power sales to California and Nevada duty if we aid not do SO, to point out the ference of opinion. The State of Ari­ consumers, outside the area to be bene­ fact that· right now the Federal Gov­ zona, through its Governor, has rejected fited directly or indirectly by the proj­ ernment is borrowing money to conduct either negotiation or arbitration. I make ect. The claim by Arizona proponents its · operations. In order · to borrow no complaint· about that. That is their that Arizona will consume all central money it has to pay interest. To say right as ·a sovereign State. But I submit, Arizona project power in any reasonable that we can ignore or discount or under­ Mr. President, that when individuals length of time, is without foundation. emphasize the fact that every dollar that cannot negotiate and cannot arbitrate, After those remarks, Mr. President, I is borrowed must be repaid plus interest, under our constitutional system there is I submit is certainly not the result of only one thing left for thei:.n to do, and ask to have inserted in the RECORD cita­ sound fiscal thinking, and I do not think, . that is to go into a court of competent tions to various.documents. If the Mem­ in the long run, is constructive. jurisdiction. We have advocated that bers of the Senate want to check the We all know that in order to :finance that be done. There is no desire on the 'statements I :Qave made, they will find this great and costly Government of ours. part of the State of California unneces­ from official sources full confirmation it will now cost, as shown by the Presi­ sarily or unduly to delay this matter. of the statements. · dent's budget, over $71,000,000,000. As a. We have been willing on numerous occa­ I ask unanimous consent that the cita­ meniber of the Armed Services Commit­ sions to set a period of time-6 months tions may be printed at this point in the tee of the Senate of the United States, or some other reasonable period of RECORD. I believe that, based on information time-within which we would have to 5894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 28 bring action in the Supreme Court of Arizona: Acre-feei The general taxpayers of the United States the United States. Under our constitu­ Gila Basin present use ______:il,300,000 wm be called upon to pay whatever defi­ tional system, when there is a dispute Yuma project in Arizona___ ,,,_ 200,000 ciencies occur, plus the write-off on non­ Parker Valley Indian lands __ 300,000 reimbursables such as $40,000,000 for recrea• .between two of our States, that is the Little Colorado River and place where it must be settled, so far as other tributaries ______tion, fish and wildlife. 90,000 No revenues will be provided by the proj1o a court of competent jurisdiction is con­ Mojave Valley, etc., on Colo­ ect to pay interest on the public debt occa­ cerned. rado River------­ 10,000 My friend from Arizona [Mr. McFAR- Gila project (new) from Colo- sioned by its construction. Such interest rado River ______600,000 will be paid by the taxpayers. . LAND] stated that there was p.o question The plan does not contemplate the pay­ that there was an adequate supply of Total for present and au­ ment of interest to the Federal Treasury on water available. I submit that that ques­ thorized projects (does any part of the investment-not even the tion is in dispute. He has his point of not include 1,200,000 investment in hydroelectric works, as is the view, and I honor him for it. We have acre-feet annually case at Hoover Dam. our point of view, and he at least should called for by the pro- Principal features of this proposed proj­ honor us for that. posed central Arizona ect are: ( 1) Bridge Canyon Dam on the Mr. President, 1 ask unanimous con­ project) ------~-- 3,500,000 Colorado River, above Hoover Dam; (2) sent to have printed in the RECORD at ===== Parker Dam pump lift, to raise irrigation Lower basin total for this point as a part of my remarks some present and authorized water a total height of 985 feet; (3) aque­ official figures which show that no Colo­ projects ______11,000,000 ducts and canals to transport water a dis­ rado River water is available for the Lower basin total average avail- tance of 315 miles to grow ordinary field central Arizona project. This is a able supply______10, 900, 000 crops. tabulation of the water of the Colorado In addition, S. 75 and H. R. 934 provide River. For the period from 1897 to Deficit indicated on long­ for construction of an 80-mile tunnel. 1943, the Colorado River average an­ time average basis When built, this would result in the aban­ (amount of beneficial donment of the Parker pump lift and would nual virgin or undepleted :fiow at Lee consumptive use on the Ferry was 16,270,000 acre-feet. The tab­ raise the total estimated cost of the project Gila River is in con­ to far more than $1,000,000,000. ulation shows the various deductions and troversy, but this does additions, and what finally comes out at not affect the main LEGAL RIDER MISLEADING the end. stream deficit because On July 1, 1949, Arizona's Senate bill 75 There being no objection, the tabula­ the figure for such was approved by the Senate Interior and tion was ordered to be printed in the beneficial consumptive Insular Affairs Committee, with a so-called use, no matter what it RECORD, as follows: may be, appears on Supreme court rider. OFFICIAL FIGURES SHOW No COLORADO RIVER both the credit and This rider must not be confused with WATER AVAILABLE FOR CENTRAL ARIZONA debit sides of the com­ the California-Nevada plan for a clean-cut PROJECT putation)------100, 001 and final Supreme Court settlement. Water supply The figure of 100,000 is based The Supreme Court rider on S. 75 is so Colorado River average (1897- Acre -feet upon United States Bureau worded that the extravagant $738,000,000 1943 period) annual virgin or of Reclamation records up to Arizona irrigation works would be author­ undepleted flow at Lee Ferry_ 16, 270, 000 1943; low flows on the river ized to be built even if the Supreme Court Upper basin allocation by Colo- since that date increase the rado River compact ______-7, 500, 000 should rule against Arizona's disputed water deficit tO------300,000 claims. Lower basin's available NoTE.-DestJite the ultimate deficit of The only way this unjustifiable proposed supply at Lee Ferry (es­ from I°00,000 to 300,000 acre-feet now con­ raid on the Federal Treasury can be averted timated long-time av­ fronting operating and authorized projects, is to defeat S. 75 and H. R. 934. erage, which would be the proposed central Arizona project seeks reduced to 7,500,000 to take another 1,200,000 acre-feet annu­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, will acre-feet as a 10-year ally. the Senator yield? average in severe Data from United States Bureau of Recla­ Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. ··drought period.s) ----- 8, 770, 000 mation March 1946 report, the Colorado Mr. McFARLAND. Does the table Net average gain (less river los- River, appendix 1, pages 282-283, except as ses) of lower basin tributaries, which the Senator has offered for the noted. Lee Ferry is division point between RECORD show who prepared it? except Gila River______'+400, 000 upper and lower basins. Main stream reservoir losses, Mr. KNOWLAND. I will take the Lake Mead, etc. (USBR es­ responsibility for it. It was prepared by timate, including Davis and WHY ARIZONA'S PROJECT Is Cp~: o aED Bridge Canyon projects)------870, 000 the Colorado River Association. Senate bill 75 and House Resolution 934 Mr. McFARLAND. I thank the Sen­ would authorize the central Arizona proj­ Lower basin available ect, the estimated cost of which is $738,- ator. supply from main Col- 000,000 for the initial development . Mr. KNOWLAND. I also ask to have . orado River______8, 300, 000 printed in the RECORD at this point as a Gila River Basin of Arizona net The project is planned to "rescue" 150,000 beneficial consumptive use__ 2, 300, 000 acres of desert land, put under cultivation part of my remarks a tabulation show­ Probable salvage of natural during the war boom. To do so will re­ ing the cost to the Nation's taxpayers, main stream losses, upper and quire a capital subsidy of at least $1,750 based on the 1951 report of the Bureau lower basins ------300, 000 per acre, or $280,000 for a 160-acre farm. of Reclamation, with interest at 2¥:? (Land for general farming in Arizona is percent. The tabulation shows just Lower basin total average worth about $300 per acre, with water.) The available supply______10, 900, 000 irrigators will pay no part of the $400,- what the total cost to the Nation's tax­ Water requirements 000,000 of capital to be invested in irriga­ payers would be. One figure is based Nevada--contract with United tion works. It is an interesting fact that upon the estimates of the Secretary of States, plus a possible claim 55 percent of this $400,000,000, or $202,000,· the Interior and the other is based upon on por_tion of surplus______300, 000 000, would be spent to benefit approximately revised estimates because we believe that Utah and New Mexico--portions 400 large landholders. certain figures were not accurately pre­ in lower basin USBR esti­ The $400,000,000 of irrigation investment, mate, but these States' claims sented, or perhaps changes in cost have as well as the power investment, is pro­ taken place since that time. One tabu­ may be greater______138,000 posed to be collected in charges for power Mexico--incl uding regulation lation shows that the total cost, instead losses, estimated not less than sold to the Government's public power cus­ tomers. However, there is no assurance that of being the conservative estimate which · average oL------l, 700, 000 I had previously indicated of more than California--operating projects, the power can be sold at the artificially high by contracts with the United rates to be imposed in order to absorb the $2,000,000,000, would figure out $3,322,- States------5,362, 000 project cost and the huge irrigation sub· 297,000. Based upon the other set of fig­ sidy. ures, the cost would reach $4,500,000,000. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5895 ".rhere being no objection, the tabula­ umn II follows the bill in providing for re­ discussion, to invite attention to the ac­ tion was ordered to be printed in the payment over 75 years of construction costs. tion taken by the House committee. line ( 9) , making the correct answer to ques­ There is a House committee which deals RECORD, as fallows: tion 17, $4,239,791 (line 11). (The Secre­ Central Arizona project-Cost to Nation's tary's answer, had he followed the bill as to with western reclamation projects. That taxpayers (based on 1951 Reclamation Bu­ repayment of construction costs, would be committee held prolonged hearings, as reau's report) (intetest at 2% percent) $3,140,465,000, line (11) plus line (12) .) was proper, and as should have been done, in my judgment, in the Senate, and Mr. KNOWLAND. The bill, as it I II as should be done on any project cost­ shows on its face, was introduced in the ing the people of the United States bil­ Secretary of Senate on the 8th day of January ()f this Line Item Interior R evised lions of dollars. Testimony was pre­ year. It is true that legislation along sented by the proponents and by the this general line was before the Eighty. (1) Construct ion cost opponents. Finally the committee voted (1951 prices) ______$788, 265, ()()() $788, 265, 000 first Congress. I addressed a communi­ on the subject. I should like to read (2) Interest during one- cation to the chairman of the Senate half of 8-year con- the vote of the House Committee on In­ struction period. __ 81, 832, ()()() Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ terior and Insular Atiairs. Representa­ (2a) Interest during one------fairs and told him that I had written., tives voting to postpone action, who ielt half of 15-year con- on behalf of both my colleague [Mr. struction period. __ 160, 412, 000 the bill should not be reported out, were (3) Interest on irriga------NIXON] and myself, to the Secretary of Mr. AANDAHL, of North Dakota; Mr. Bow. tion allocation dur- the Interior propounding certain ques­ ing 10-yeardevelop- of Ohio; Mr. BUDGE, of Idaho; Mr. CRAW• ment period ______126, 052, 000 tions and asking that they be answered, FORD, of Michigan; Mr. D'EWART, of Mon­ ------requesting that before hearings were (4) Total invest- tana; Mr. HARRISON of Wyoming; Mr. mentatstart held, and certainly before the bill was JENISON, of Illinois; Mr. SAYLOR, of Penn­ o f repay- reported to the Senate, we might have 870, 097, 000 1, 074, 729, 000 sylvania; Mr. TAYLOR, of New York; Mr. ment period. the benefit of that information. WHARTON, of New York; and Mr. PouL­ (5) Investment and Without a hearing of any kind in the SON, of California. That makes 11 Re­ compound interest Eighty-second Congress the bill, which at 2~2 percent for publicans. 75 years ______5, 544, 441, 000 6, 848, 399, 000 would take from the taxpayers of the The Democrats who voted for post­ (6) Less investment _____ 870, 097, ()()() 1, 074, 729, ()()() Nation more than $2,000,000,000-and ponement were: Mr. McMULLEN, of (7) Interest for 75 I am still being conservative in my fig. ' Florida; Mr. REGAN, of Texas; Mr. ENGLE, years·----~-- 4, 674, 344, coo 5, 773, 670, ()()() ures-was reported to the Senate some of California; Mr. YORTY, of California; (8) Annual net revenue 22 days after it was introduced. and Mr. BARING, of Nevada. That makes compounded at Mr. President, I submit that that is a total of 16 votes against reporting the 2 ~ percent for 75 a rather unusual situation. This Nation years ______---- 2, 322, 144, ()()() 2, 322, 144, 000 central Arizona legislation. (9) Less construction is now faced with a heavy war expendi­ Mr. P resident, I submit that on the cost.------788, 265, 000 ture. We are being called upon to pass list are the names of men who for years (10) N et revenues to pay new tax bills imposing taxes amounting have been interested in western recla­ interest charges ____ ------1, 533, 879, 000 literally to billions of dollars on the ,. mation. A number of them come from (11) Unpaid interest already overburdened taxpayers. If western reclamation States. They on investment. 2, 352, 200, ()()() 4,239, 791~ there is any interest in economy in this I heard all the testimony given by both country it seems to me that this is the (12) Construction cost ____ 788, 265, 000 the proponents and the opponents of (13) Interest during con------· time and place for Members of the Sen­ the bill. Sixteen of them voted against struction. _------81, 832, 000 160, 412, 000 ate to examine this proposal with care. (14) Interest during de- I the legislation. velopment period __ ------126, 052, 000 because if we let this one through we : Voting against the motion to postpone shall have no basis of any kind upon action on it, were Mr. BENTSEN, of Texas; 115) Cost to Na- tion 's tax- which to stop any other unsound proj­ Mrs. BoSONE, of Utah; Mr, DAWSON, of payers ______3, 222, 297, ()()() 4, 526, 255, ()()() ect which may be presented to us at Illinois; Mr. DONOVAN, of New York; Mr. this session of the Congress. FINE, of New York; Mr. MORRIS, of Okla­ -- · ~ -·- NOTES Mr. NIXON. Mr. President, will the homa; Mr. REDDEN, of North Carolina; 1. Column I, lines (1) to (11), inclusive. Senator yield? . and Mr. MURDOCK, of Arizona. That follows the same method used by the Secre• Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield to my col- ) makes eight Democrats. tary of the Interior in his answer to Ques­ league. : So, Mr. President, by a bipartisan vote tion 17 asked last year by the House com­ Mr. NIXON. Is it not significant also, i of 16 to 8, or by a 2 to 1 vote, with three mittee. The only changes are those made members of the committee present not necessary by the increased construction costs in pointing out the fact that no hearings and revenues shown in the Reclamation Bu­ were held on this bill during the Eighty­ voting, the committee in the House of reau's current report on the project. The second Congress, that the hearings Representatives rejected the proposal. amount of $2,352,200,000, Un~ (11), would be which were held on a similar bill dur­ What did the committee say at that the Secretary's revised answer to Question ing the Eighty-first Congress were held time? I think it is important that the 17, "how much interest on the national debt before the Korean war began? The sug­ statement be made a part of the RECORD. occasioned by the project would be borne gestion might be made, in explaining· Therefore, I wish to read a part of the by the Nation's taxpayers?" the justification for failure to hold hear­ statement and then I shall ask that the However, it wm be noted, line (8), that ings during the Eighty-second Congress, entire statement be printed in the the Secretary applies all net project reve­ RECORD as a part of my remarks. It is a nues to pay interest. None of the construc­ that the same bill was before us for con­ tion costs would be repaid during the 75 sideration in the Eighty-first Congress.· statement of certain members of the years. In other words, on this basis the total However, the facts have changed. We Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ project construction cost plus interest dur• have become involved in a great national fairs concerning S. 75 and H. R. 1500, ing construction would be unpaid and out­ emergency since the hearings were held dealing with the central Arizona project. standing at the end of the 75-year period. during the Eighty-first Congress; and Mr. Chairman, the Committee on Interior Note that the question deals only with in­ those facts should be taken into con­ and Insular Affairs of the House has given terest. Therefore, in order to determine several weeks of study to this proposed leg­ the total cost of the project to the Nation's sideration now. islation. We have heard experts on all taxpayers, there must be added to line (11) Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator 1s aspects of the project. We have just re­ the two items of construction cost, line (12) ~ quite correct. Conditions have changed. turned from a trip to the Southwest, where and interest during construction, line (13). I think it is an amazing thing that, with all features of the project were viewed and 2. Column II differs from Column I in the the country at war, with the people being personal interviews were undertaken. As a following respects: (a) A 15-year construc­ called upon for sacrifice, this project, result of these studies, we have arrived at tion period, line (2a), is used instead of the amounting to well over $2,000,000,000 certain suggestions and conclusions concern­ Secretary's 8-year period, line (2): (b) col· 1 ing S. 75, and the companion bill H. R. 1500. umn II includes interest during an irrigation should be reported to the Senate without development period, line (3), as sU:ch was a hearing of any kind. Then the committee, in a very well recommended 1n the project report (this Mr. President, I wish to take time this documented and well thought-out state­ ltem was omitted by the Secretary); (c) col- evening, before closing this phase of the. ment, presents its conclusions and its "5896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 28 reasons for feeling that it was not sound available for use in Arizona, to satisfy the If the commit tee should proceed with the needs of this project on a permanent basis. authorization of the central Arizona project, to proceed with the measure. The President has stated many times that as contemplated in the proposeµ legislation, The statement is signed by the gen­ he would like to see a definitive settlement in the light of the foregoing, this committee tlemen whose names I have previously of the rights of the various States to waters and the Congress might well find itself in the read. In addition there is a concurring of the Colorado River system, in order that position of having authorized a project which statement signed by Mr. CLAIR ENGLE decisions on projects to be developed in the would entail the spending of hundreds of and Mr. SAM YORTY. public interest may be made on a firm basis millions of dollars that, because of a Court Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ with respect to water rights. The President decision (which must be made), might well sent that the entire statement be printed consistently has indicated his unwillingness find itself without sufficient water, and to take any position favorable to authoriza­ in the RECORD at this time as a part of therefore uneconomical and unfeasible. tion of the central Arizona project until set- The testimony before the committee was my remarks. . tlement of the water-rights controversy has to the effect that the funds could not be ap­ There being no objection, the state­ been brought about." (Bureau of the Budg­ propriated until the water rights were deter­ ment was ordered to be printed in the et, in letter to chairman of House Committee mined. (See sec. 13 of the bills.) We RECORD, as follows: on Public Lands, dated April 19, 1950.) are not convinced this is the case. It will STATEMENT OF CERTAIN MEMBERS OF THE COM­ "There is agreement among all agencies . be noted the section deals with expenditures, MITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR .AFFAIRS concerned as to the urgent need for resolu­ not appropriations, and provides for the sus­ CONCERNING S. 75 AND H. R. 1500-CENTRAL tion of the water-rights issues involved." pension of expenditures for the construction ARIZONA PROJECT (Report of Director of Bureau of the Budget, of certain features of the project while a suit May 7, 1948, hearings, H. J. -Res. 225, 80th is pending. (Described in sec. 12.) How­ Mr. Chairman, the Committee on Interior Cong., House Judiciary Committee.) ever, the resumption of the Secretary's power and Insular Affairs of the House has given "That further development of the water of expenditure is- not conditioned on the several weeks of study to this proposed leg­ resources of the Colorado River Basin, par­ result of the suit. In other words, he islation. We have beard experts on all as­ ticularly large-scale development, is seriously may resume construction and thereby the pects of the project. We have just returned handicapped, if not barred, by laak of a de­ use of appropriations as soon as the suit is from a trip to the Southwest, where all fea­ termination of the rights of the individual ended, regardless of the result. tures of the project were viewed and personal States to utilize the waters of the Colorado To state the matter in another way: the interviews were undertaken. As a result of River system." (Report of Commissioner of prohibition in this section against expendi­ these studies, we have arrived at certain sug­ Reclamation, H. Doc. 419, 80th Cong., 1st tures would end (1) if the State brought no gestions and conclusions concerning S. 75 sess., Secretary's interim report on Colorado action within 6 months, or (2) if the Court and the companion bill H. R. 1500. River.) should dispose of the action on technical The committee knows of the extreme "Assurance of a water supply is an impor­ ground without settling the controversy. drought situation that faces the area from tant element of the plan yet to be resolved. It further appears to us that the matter western Kansas to the Pacific Ocean and from The showing in the report of the availabil­ of prohibition against expenditures is one the Navajo country to the Mexican border. ity of a substantial quantity of Colorado that would be determined by the Secretary ·On the kip members of the committee wit­ River water for diversion to central Arizona of the Interior-not by the Congress-if this !nessed many empty reservoirs and vast fields for irrigation and other purposes is based bill was enacted into law. In other words, ·that could not be irrigated, due to lack of upon the assumption that the claims of the the spending of appropriations would be de- 1water. We discovered a shortage of power State of Arizona to this water are valid. - termined by -the Secretary, and not by the l because of shortage of water for hydroelec­ It should be noted, however, as the regional Congress. We feel that such a determina­ i tric facilities. We learned of lowering water director and the Commissioner of Reclama­ tion is one that should rest· with the Con­ i tables. On the other hand, in the Colorado· tion have pointed out, that the State of Cali­ gress before expenditures are made. !River the committee saw thousands of second fornia. has challenged the validity of Ari­ Argument was made before the committee .! teet of water not being presently used. zona's claim. If the contentions of the that enactment of this proposed legislation is I We are fully cognizant of the great bene­ State of Arizona are correct, there is an am­ necessary in order to set up a justiciable case fit that could accrue to central Arizona if ple water supply for this project. If the for consideration of the court. We are in­ this water, presently going to- waste, could contentions of California are correct, there clined to believe that is not the case and be put to use in this drought-stricken area. will be no dependable water supply avail­ that, in fact; because of the limitations in We believe, however, that the proposed able from the Colorado River for this diver­ this bill, the matter will cause the Court to . bills, as presently presented to the committee, sion." (Secretary of Interior's report in let- refuse consideration. The committee finds would not provide the relief hoped for. We . ter of transmittal of the Project Planning that the Court did.hear an almost identical want to be helpful to Arizona and her peo­ Report, H. Doc. 136, 81st Qong.) . case, Nebraska v. Wyoming (325 U. S. 589). ple in the solving of t.lle serious present wa• "There is not available for use in the other The prayer, the issues, and the results, as de­ ..ter pr9blem. We feel, however, that the State sufficient water for all the projects, scribed in that case, all closely parallel with bills, in their present form, would not resolve Federal and local, which are already in exist­ the centr'al Arizona project. the water problem facing Arizona. We think ence. or authorized." (Report 6f the Secre­ "The prayer was for a determination of that the legal question of the right to the tary on S. J. Res. 145, 80th Cong.) . the equitable share of each State in the use of waters of · the lower Colorado River "* • • the committee feels the dispute water and of the priorities of an appropria­ between these two States on the lower Colo- tions in both States, and for an injunction · Basin would not be resolved by the legisla­ . rado River Basin shoUld be determined and tion; that the adjudication of the water restraining the alleged wrongful diversions." rights should come before authorization of settled by agreement between the two States (Nebraska v. Wyoming (325 U. S. at p. 592) .) the project, and not following; the commit­ or by court decision because the dispute be­ Again, in hearings on the Gila project tween these two States jeopardizes and will in the Eightieth Congress before this com­ tee is fearful that the method provided in delay the possibility of prompt development the legislation is not the proper procedure mittee, the committee stated: of any further projects for diversion of water ... the committee feels the dispute and would not result in obtaining adjudica­ from the main stream of the Colorado River tion of these rights by the Supreme Court of between these two States on the lower Colo­ . in the lower Colorado River Basin. rado River Basin should be determined and the United States. "Therefore, the committee recommends t The need for adjudication of the rights to . settled by agreement between the two States the use of waters of the lower Colorado River that immediate settlement of this dispute . or by court decision because the dispute· be­ Basin was admitted by every witness before by compact or arbitration be made, or that tween these two States jeopardizes and will the committee. Adjudication has been rec- the Attorney General of the United States delay the possibility of prompt development . ommended by the President, the Secretary promptly institute an action in the United . of any further project~ for diversion of water of the Interior, Bureau of the Budget, the States Supreme Court against the States of from the main stream of the Colorado River Judiciary Committee, and this committee of the lower basin, and any other necessary par­ in the lower Colorado River Basin." (Rept. the Congress. It is a fact recognized in sec­ ties, requiring them to assert and have de­ No. 910, July 14, 1947, on H. R. 1597.) tion 13 of the bills under consideration. termined their claims and rights to the use "That further development of the water There ls no argument on this point. The of the waters of the Colorado system avail­ resources of the Colorado River Basin, par­ following quotations indicate the agreement able for use in the lower Colorado River ticularly large-scale development, is seri­ of all concerned for the necessity of the . basin." (House Committee on Public Lands, ously handicapped, if not barred, by lack adjudication of the water rights in the lower in Rept. No. 910, July 14, 1947, on H. R. 1597 of a determination of the rights of the Colorado River Basin: (reauthorizing the Gila project).) individual States to utilize the waters of "Authorization of any of the projects in· the Colorado River system." (From Secre­ ventoried in the report should not be con­ The point we wish to make here 1s the tary's Interim Report by Commissioner of sidei°ed to be in accord with the program of complete agreement of administrative and Reclamation on the Colorado River, H. Doo. the President until a determination is made legislative agencies, including the President, No. 419, 80th Cong., 1st sess.) of the rights of the individual States to Secretary of the Interior, Bureau of the "The evidence supports the finding of the .utilize the waters of the Colorado River Budget, House Judiciary Committee, and special master that the dependable natural aystem." (H. Doc. No. 419, 80th Cong., p. 1.) this committee of the Congress, as to the fiow of the river during the irrigation sea!JOD "The first question raised was whether need of adjudication of the waters o! the has long been overappropriated. A genuine there is enough water in the Colorado River, lower Colorado River Basin. controversy exists. The States ha,,e no• 1951 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5897 been able to settle their differences by com- ·We think that this suit could be brought structed or authorized projects and to Ne­ pact. The areas involved are arid or semi- · at an early date and that this committee vada, Utah, and New Me.xtco, which is not arid. Water 1n dependable amounts is have the benefit of· the determination of the currently being u~ed. Consequently, al­ essential to the maintenance of the vast Court of the watel' -rights of· the lower Colo· though this water is currently going to agricultural enterprises established on the rado River Basin. waste, lt will be used; and no further proj­ various sections of the river. The dry cycle We would llke to call attention ·to the ects (the central Arizona included) can be which has continued over a decade has pre- llmitatlons 1n the bills before us which predicated on 1t. cipitated a elash of ·interest.a which between might Tesult in the refusal of the Coµrt to · Second, the third paragraph on page 11: sovereign powers could be traditionally · resolve the dispute. Sections 12 and 13 pre- It is admitted that additional water would settled only by diplomacy or war. The scribe the manner and instructions With · help the economy of Arizona as it would any original jurisdiction of this Court 1s one respect to the sult proposed 1n the legisla- · area in the arid Southwest. But Arizona. of the alternatiTe methods provided by the tion to be submitted to the Supreme cOurt. has exercised no care in the utilization of framers of our Constitution." (Nebraska v. There is a limitation on the subject matter her existing water, and is flagrantly over­ Wyoming (325 U. S. 589, 608) .) of the suit to the .right to divert water using her water. The r"'cord ls replete with Obviously, these are parallel situations to through aqueducts or tunnels to be con- evidence of this fact, including the re.cords one which now presents itself to this com- structed pursuant to this act. It is noted of the Department of Agriculture that agri­ mittee. The Court's summary of the con- that only the diversion proposed in S. 75 and cultural production 1n Arizona since 1946 troversy in the case of Nebraska v. Wyoming .H. R. 1500 would oome within the preroga­ in spite of her short water supply has in­ reads, in part, as follows: tive of the Court under limitation prescribed creased more in volume and dollars than any "• • • If this were an equity suit to by this legislation. We doubt the Supreme State in the Union. enjoin threatened injury, the showing made Court could arrive at an equitable determi­ Finally, we think the statement is clear by Nebraska might possibly be tnsumclent. nation of the rights ·involved 1! 1t accepted that it is premature to determine the dis- ,, But Wyoming v. Colorado, supra, indicates the case under these limitations. puted question of economic feasibility of the that where the claims to the water of a river It appears to us that there are several acts proposed project until the water rights in exceed the supply a controversy exists ap- and compacts, in addition to the proposed . the lower basin are first determined, and propriate for Judicial determination. If there legislation, that would enter into the con­ that that basic question is reserved for future were a surplus of unappropriated water, dif- troversy. There is the Colorado River com­ consideration. ferent considerations would be applicable. pact, the Boulder Canyon Project Act, the CLAIR ENGLE. Cf. Arizona v. California (298 U. S. 558, 80 California Self-Limitation Act, and the SAM YORTY. L. ed. 1331, 56 s. Ct. 848). But where there Boulder Canyon Project Adjustment Act. is not enough water in the river to satisfy Also, there is t!le Mexican Water Treaty, the Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I the claims asserted against it, the situation Act of the Arizona Legislature of 19~. which do not intend to pursue the matter fur­ is not basically dtiferent from that where two recognized certain rights in California, and ther this evening. I do expect tomor­ or more persons claim the right to the same possibly others. It 1s difficult for us to see row to take up some other aspects of it parcel of land. The present claimants being how the Supreme Court could determine the because I feel, in view of the presenta­ States, we think the clash of interests to be aggregate rights of the States to the use of tion by the Senator from Arizona [Mr. of that character and dignity which makes waters in the lower Colorado River Basin the controversy a justiciable .one under our under the limitations imposed by secs. 12 MCFARLAND]' that the Senate should original jurisdiction." (From p. 610 of the and 13 of the bills. It might result in the have some additional material before it, court's summary.) · · Court refusing to consider the suit. so that every senator may understand It will be noted the Court held that there We recognize the great need for additional just what is involved· in this vast proj­ was a justici'able controversy and dne under water for ·maintenance of the present econ­ ect in which the water supply is in dis­ its original jurisdiction. omy in Arizona and would like to be helpful pute-and a very honest and vigorous It should be remembered that for 29 years in solving the present difficulties. We there­ .dispute it is-and so that every Senator a fruitless e1fort to ·arrive· at an interstate fore suggest to the proponents of S. 75 and ..may examine the economic feasibility compact for the 'Use of the waters of the H. R. 1500 that steps. immediately be taken of the project, and understand that if lower Colorado Basin has been going on. for the adjudication of the rights to the use In the case of N'eoraska v. Wyoming (825 of the waters ln the lower Color.ado River the Senate breaks down the standards U. s. 589, at p. 616), the Court has this to , Basin; that a firm settlement be reached which have been formerly used in west­ say: · with the Indians who will be damaged by ern reclamation projects the door will "But the e1forts at settlement in this case the construction of the project (we feel that be opened wide. If the bill is passed, u d A u1 tr x1 ts sec. 14 is not a satisfactory solution). h ave f a e · gen ne con oversy e s · It seems to us most unfortunate that two I do not see how any other unsound The gravity and importance of the case are piece of legislation can be stopped. apparent. The difficulties of drafting and great States of this Union, both so vitally In this Congress, when we are going enforcing a decree are no justification for us a1fected by the use of Colorado River water, to refuse to perform the important function should not arbitrate these issues. to be called upon in a few weeks to levy entrusted to us by the Constitution." Engineers and financial experts, whose a tax of at least $5,000,000,000, and per­ These considerations justify the opinion position ·would be one of neutrality between h.aps a great deal more, upon the Ameri- ' stated by the Secretary of the Interior at: the States involved, could be found to de­ can taxpayers, I cannot believe that hearings betore this committee on H. R. 934 ' · ·termine these issues on a sound, equitable Senators, busy men that they are, when . and feasible basis. Such action by both and 935, Eighty-first Congress, first session, · States would be an indication of a desire to tlley examine the facts, can possibly page 1150. resolve· the issue 1n the best interests of the vote in favor of the project, with the "The bare statement of these questions, · Nation. Propaganda and charges and precedents that would be opened up and the knowledge that there is disagreement be· ; counter charges have but befogged the issues with the tremendous cost that would be tween Arizona and California about ·the an- : and undoubtedly Jeopardized the position of placed UPon the American i>eople. -- swers to be given them, and the fact 'that, if both States. the contentions of either State are accepted We ·urge the parties in interest to give EMERGENCY FOOD· TO INDIA 1n full and if full development of the upper serious consideration to such arbitration so The PRESIDING OFFICER aher, Anthony Jo_hn, 16264A. '. directed to issue notes for this purpose from managers on the part of the Senate at Davies, Nedw~n Reed, 16077A . .. time to time during the fiscal years 1951 and the conference. Davis, William Codett, 16279A. 1952 in an amount not to exceed $1~0,000,000 Decamp, Donald Fredrick, 16080A . .for purchase by the Secretary of the Treasury RECESS Dechaine, Wallace Paul, 16125A. who is authorized and directed to make such purchases; and in making such purchases, Mr. McFARLAND. I move that the DeOourcey, Paul Byron, 16189A. the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized Senate stand in recess until tomorrow D1llon, Robert William, 16286A. ·and directed to use, as a public debt trans­ at 12, o'ciock noon. Dodds, John Earl, 16289A; · action, the proceeds of any public debt issue The motion was agreed to; and Cat Dolan, James Melvin, 15357A. . boyle, Richard McGinley, , pursuant to the Second Liberty Loa_n Act, 5 o'-clock and 26 minutes p. m. > the 1~203A. as amended: Provided, That funds made Senate took _a recess · until tomorrow, Doyle, William Albert, 16075A. available for purposes of this act shall be ·Dudman, Garry Ashley, 16179A. used only for the purchase of food grains Tuesday, May 29, 1951, at 12 o'clock Dunn, Melvin Everett, 16201A. ·pr equivalent in the United States.: Pro­ meridian. Dwyer, John Joseph, Jr., 16221A. vided, That with respect to the procurement Dyberg, Robert Raymond, 16089A. of any agricultural product within the NOMINATIONS Eckert,_ Raymond Harold, 16231A. . United States for the purpose of this act the Eisman, Charles Floyd, Jr., 15532A. Secretary of Agriculture shall certify . that Executive nominations received by the Esposito, Alfred Lewis, 16278A. ·such procurement will not impair the ful­ Senate May 28 nar Lawrence Ring - ' .· Franklin Loeb Wilson confirmed: · George Gardner ~itter _ Francis Edward Winfield . , Clovis M. Baker (lary C. Leighty Ronald Arthur Roberge . Francis Laily Win;ner Gerald Barton . Franklin "J" Lesh Lew Sidney Robinson Thomas Roger Woodley D~niel w. Blaylock II Allan G. Lewis' .. Roscoe Robinson; Jr. - . ·_ . William Brooks Woodson David T. Boyd James R. Maxwell IIi Frederick Gore Rockwell, Jr. Robert George_Yer .R:s ' John M. Daniel, Jr. Robert G. Rogers, Jr. Jam-es Mitchell -R~0ckwe11 Edward LB.urlston Zuver · Albert D. Fa.lther, Jr. Charles H. Samuelson Ronald Joe Rogers. _ Bernard Zwerling · Arthur c. Folli Herbert w. Severns John Lawton Ross Newtorl R. Fuller Jack L. Short Herbert Roth, Jr. _ The followfng:.nanied· cadets,-Untted States Gary D. Ghostley Robert T. Silkett . Christian Foltz Rupp III · Military Academy, for appointment in the Karl R. Jacobson . Glenn A. Tomlinson · Walter Brown Russell, Jr. Regular Army of the United States in the · Richard C. F. Kerwath Euge·ne A. Ulrich Richard Louis Ryan . . grade of second lieutenant, effecti~e June 1, Rufus M. King Matthew H. Vanorder Derrick William Samuelson 1951, tipon their graduation; under the pro­ Willet B. Kiplinger Andrew J. Walsh Raymond Francis. ~ Sargent; Jr. visions of section 506 of the Officer Personnel John A. Kohler Bruce C. Young ·· Freddie Gene Sartin. . · · - · Act of 1947 (Pµblic Law ~. Bl, BOth Cong.), 'Berti! R. ·Koller Robert·E. Young · Charles Joseph Satulotf . subj.ec~ to phy~ical qliali~catlon: · · · · Richard J. Larsen Kie Oldham poty .. s. Arthur Scalise· ' Rog~r _ H. Burnet (Naval Reserve Officers' :Max ·Burton Scheider William Frederick Lackman, Jr. · Training Corps) to be an ensign in the Civil George Peter Scheuerlein James Myrick Lowerx:e . Engineer Corps of tlie Navy. William Ferd~n~nq Scheu~ann, J~. William Fulton MagUl III George L. Otis, Jr; (Naval Reserve· Officers' William Wallaratt Robert Ingalls SilI.lpson, Jr~ IN THE NAVY Guerdon Sterling Sines The following rear admirals, .when retire9,, J~mes P. Coley John P. Recher Joseph Lee ·Sites . James P. Connolly II John B. Reynolds to be· placed on the retired list with the William P. Foxworth William R. Riddell, Jr. Donald Lovett Smith rank of vice admiral: . Gorman Curtis Smith . David D. Francis Walter A. Robertson Rear Adm. Robert ;M. Griffin, United States William H. Hildemann John J. Ross III Joseph St. Clair Smit_h Navy. Howard. Wayne Snyder John H. House Dan W. Schausten Rear Adm. Alfred E. Montgom~ry, United Melvin Claude l;!nyder, Jr. Joseph F. Inman, Jr. Paul A. Shrader · Robert William Snyder, · States Navy. Branch Jordan Paul L. Siegmund Rear Adm. Arthur C. Miles, United States William D. Lauerman, William J. Souther• William Spence, Jr. Navy. Jr. · · land, Jr. John Jay Stahl, Jr. Fred D. MacLean, Jr.- Charles C. M. Wood· · George Willis Stannard PERMANENT. AJ;'POINTMENTS Richard C. Marsh ward Howard Merritt Steele, Jr.· The followir.g-named officers · of the Navy Clarence E. May, Jr·. Thomas V. A. Worn. Walter Richard Steidl for permanent appointment to the g_rade of Rowland M. Murphy ham Wallace Chace Steiger, Jr. lieutenant commander in the corps indi­ Martin I. Penner Floyd Gilbert StepheIJ.son cated, subject to qualification therefor as Leo M. Schneider, Jr. (Naval Reserve Offi· Francis Adelbert St. Mary provided by law: cers' Training Corps) to be a second lieu­ William Kenneth Stockdale Line tenant in the Marine Corps, in lieu of ensign Louis John Storck · Rosina F. Bachhuber Mildred A. ·Robertson in the Navy as previously nominated and Thomas Anthony Stumin Sybil A. Grant Eleanor J. Sowers confirmed. Paul Dllwyn Summers,. Jr. Myldred E. Jones Gladys M. Speri-Ie The following-named ( civ111an college Richard Anthony Szymczyk Rosalie w. Martin Ethel A. Weyant graduates) to the grades indicated ln the Duane Ray Tague Virginia K. Peterson Medical Corps of the Navy: John May Tatum, Jr. MecUc~Z COTps LIEUTENANT Roland Dean Tausch Gioconda R. Saraniere Harry "D" McGee Malcolm Brandt Tennant Edgar Cornell Thomas, Jr. Suppl'IJ Corp1 LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) William Neal Thomas Bessie Hagopian . Francis L. Bergquist Dudley Thompson Arlene M. Sheehan Ralph E. Mun.son XCVII-372 5902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY ·2_8 The folloWing-named to be ensigns in the Patricia A. Miller . Anna E. Venishnick Nurse Corps of the Navy: Barbara Norris Clara P-o Wienczek HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sylvia J. Lanneau Gilda G. Whitfield The following-named midshipmen (avia­ Dorothy I. Moore Gloria M. Whitfield , tion) to be ensigns in the Navy, to rank from MONDAY, MAY 28, 1951 The following-named officers to the grade the 1st day of June 1951, in lieu o~ ensigns The House met at 12 o'clock noon. indicated in the Nurse Corps of the Navy:_ in the Navy, to rank from the ~th day of June 1951, as previously nominated and con­ Rev. L. Gordon Leech, Jr., Presbyterian LIEUTENANTS firmed: Church, Monroe City, Ind., otiered the Shirley M. Bailey Richard F. Ballew, Jr. following prayer: Kathryn M. Drozda Paul J. Melee Frances R. Kissinger Our Father God. we thank Thee that The following-named midshipmen (avia­ Thy providential care has covered us as Midshipman Robert P. Fasulo (Naval tion) to be ensigns in the Navy, in lieu of Academy) to be an ensign in the Navy, in a mantle during days· past. We thank ensigns in the Navy, as previously nomi­ Thee for all the Godly influences which lieu of second lieutenant · in the Marine nated, to correct names: Corps, as previously nominated and con­ help to make our Nation truly great and firmed. Roy C. Pichler Robert DeL. Schubert this body one of which our Nation can Midshipman Richard L. Anderton (Naval George C. Schnitzer Davis W. Tompkins be justly proud. Academy) to be a second lieutenant in the William H. Posladek (Naval Reserve Offi­ May the hands of each public servant Marine Corps, in lieu of ensign in the Navy cers' Training Corps) to be an ensign in the as previously nominated and confirmed. of this important body be held up by Navy. prayers in·their behalf lifted unto Thee, The following-named midshipmen (avia­ Joseph P. Goodson (civilian college gradu­ OGod. tion) to be·ensigns in the Navy: ate) to be a second lieutenant in the Marine ·May the growing edge of Thy truth be John R. Arnold Carl W. Koch · Corps. nourished in this assembly, that the Clifford S. Babock Roger J. Lahn The following-named (civilian college Walter L. Briant Robert G. Landon ·1eaves of righteousness, justice, and Bradford N. Bunnell Arthur R. Loomer graduates) to be second lieutenants in the mercy may spread the cool shade of peace Burford A. Carlson David I. McGinnis Marine Corps, in lieu of second lieutenants upon our land. William F. Dudek Vincent J. Madden in the Marine Corps (Naval Reserve Officers' Save anyone from disillusionment and Owen W. Dykema. Richard B. Oldenburg Training Corps), as prevfously nominated: despair who is seeking to serve this coun-· William H. Finn , ··- Roye C. Pichler . - ~:k·"" Harry E. Atkinson Benjamin c. Pratt try faithfully. Richard T ."Fling · :: ;' · Francis L. Ready -.1 · James P. Coley John P. Recher Robert W. Gillespie Harry A. Saunders James P. Connolly II John B. Reynolds May prayer serve as an asbestos shield Monroe ·c. Gollaher Robert DeL. Schbert David D. Francis Walter A. Robertson for each Member of this House against Douglas C. Gregory Douglas J. Smith -. ' John H. House John J. Ross m the fiery darts of the wicked, who seek to John G. Guffner · William R. Sonnemann Joseph F. Inman,.Jr. Paul A. Shrader use or abuse them for selfish or unright­ Richard B. Hansen Howard C. Springer 4'"', Branch Jordan Wllliam J. Souther- eous interests. I Lawrence c. Hartley David W. Tompkins ~ :William D. Lauerman, land, Jr. Henry F. Herbig George C. Schitzer_ ;.;. Grant that the 12,resence of Thy spirit ~ Jr. Charles c. M. Wood- in each life here may build up an inner Hugh P. Janes John R. Shaughnessy _"" Fred D. MacLean, Jr. · ward ' Ronald D. Harten (Naval Reserve Ofticers'. Richard C. Marsh Thomas V. A. Worn• strength to otiset the tremendous outer ·Training Corps'), to be an ensign in the Navy, Clarence E. May, Jr. ham pressures that are constantly felt. In 1n lieu of ensign 1n the Navy, as previously Martin I. Penner the name of our Heavenly Father. nominated and confirmed, to correct name-:, t Ross D. Alexander (civilian college gradu­ Amen. , Byron S. Hollingshead, Jr. (Naval Re· ate) to be an ensign in the Medical Service The Journal of the proceedings of serve omcers' Training Corps), to be a second Corps of the Navy. lieutenant in the Marine Corps, in lieu of Thursday, May 24, 1951, was read and second lieutenant in the Marine Corps, as The following officer of the Marine Corps approved. previously nominated and confirmed, to cor­ for permanent appointment to the grade of MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE rect name. first lieutenant for limited duty: - • The following-named. (civilian ·college Fred K. Thornton ---· A message from the Senate, by Mr. graduates) to the grades indicated in the Kathryn M. Nau to be a lieutenant 1n the- Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that Medical Corps of the Navy: Nurse Corps of the Navy, in lieu of lieutenant the Senate had passed without amend­ LIEUTENANT COMllitANDER in. the Nurse Corps of the Navy, as previously ment a bill of the House of the fallowing Carl E. Wilbur nominated, to correct name. title: H. R. 2952. An act to authorize the at­ LIEUTENANT IN THE MARINE CORPS tendance of the United States Navy Band John B. Riggsbee APPOINTMENTS IN THE MARINE CORPS at the final reunion of the United Confed­ LxEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) Lt. Gen. LeR~y P. Hunt, United States · erate Veterans to be held in Norfolk, Va., Howard Adler James E. Odell '· Marine Corps, to have the grade of lieuten­ May 30 through June 2, 1951. Robert W. Gibson Nahum R. Shulman ant general on the retired list in the Marine The message also announced that the The following-named ( civllian college Corps effective from the date of his retire­ Senate had passed, with amendments in waduates) to the grades indicated 1n the ment. which the concurrence of the House is Dental Corps of the Navy, in lieu of lieuten­ The following-named officers of the Marine requested, a bill of the House of the fol­ ants (junior grade) in the Dental Corps of Corps for permanent appointment to the lowing title: the Navy, as previously nominated and con­ grade of major general: firmed: H. R. 3842. An act making supplemental Robert H. Pepper appropriations for the fiscal year ending June LIEUTENANTS Gerald C. Thomas so. 1951, and for other purposes. Charles W. Fain, Jr. Paul M. Leyden. The following-named officers of the Marine The message also announced that the Walter N. Johnson (civilian college grad­ Corps for perma~ent appointment to the Senate insists upon its amendments to uate) to he a lieutenant (junior grade) in gr,ade of brigadier general: the fore going bill, requests a conference the Dental Corps of the Navy. John Halla, Randolph Mee. Pate Edwin A. Pollock Clayton C. Jerome with the House on the disagreeing votes The following-named (civilian college of the two Houses thereon, and appoints ·graduates) to be ensigns in the Medical The nominat ions of Lance T. McBee et al. Mr. MCKELLAR, Mr. HAYDEN, Mr. RUS­ Service Corps of the Navy: for appointment in the Marine Corps to the SELL, Mr. McCARRAN, Mr. O 'MAHONEY, Mr. Thomas G. Akers J ames P. Milano grade of captain, subject to qualifications James H. Berrian Thomas G. Mitchell therefor as provided by law, which were con­ BRIDGES, Mr. FERGUSON, Mr. WHERRY, and Joseph c. Boudreaux, Richard L. Sedam firmed today, were received by the Senate on Mr. CORDON to be the conferees on the Jr. Joseph M. Tyler, Jr. April so. 1951, and appear in full in the· Sen­ part of the Senate. Richard M. Cox Harry L. Wise ate proceedings of the CONGRESSIONAL Rli:CORD ADJOURNMENT OVER Daniel M. Goodacre III for that date •. unde:r;' rthe caption "Nomina­ The following-named ,to be ensigns in the tions,'' beginning with the name of Lance T. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. · Speaker, I ask Nurse Corps of the Navy: McBee, which is shown on page 4547, and unanimous consent that when the House Hilda Evans Rebecca H. Jackson ending with the name of Kenneth M. Stayer, • adjourns today it adjourn to meet on Dorothy M. Hanson Patricia H. MacDonald appearing on page 4548. · Thursday next.