Electronic Voting

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Short Report: Electronic Voting

15 SR 001

Date: April 13, 2015 by: Matthew Sackett, Research Manager

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I: Introduction

Part II: General Overview of Electronic Voting Systems

Part III: Summary of National Conference of State Legislatures Research on Electronic Voting (Survey)

Part IV: Wyoming Legislature’s process and procedures relating to vote taking and recording

Part V: Conclusion

Attachments:

Attachment A: NCSL Survey Results

WYOMING LEGISLATIVE SERVICE OFFICE • 213 State Capitol • Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002 TELEPHONE (307) 777-7881 • FAX (307) 777-5466 • EMAIL • [email protected] • WEBSITE http://legisweb.state.wy.us Page 2

PART I: INTRODUCTION As part of the Capitol renovation process, the Select Committee on Legislative Technology asked LSO staff to prepare an update to a report that was done for them previously (2008) about electronic voting systems. The previous report included as its main focus a survey conducted by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) to other states that asked a variety of questions on electronic voting both in terms of equipment and legislative procedures. For purposes of this update, LSO again reached out to Ms. Brenda Erickson, a staff specialist knowledgeable in the areas of electronic voting and voting process and procedure from NCSL, to again conduct a survey related to process and procedure of other states related to electronic voting.

Before engaging in a discussion of electronic voting systems, it is important to recognize that electronic voting systems are tools for facilitating legislative business. These systems are subject to legislative rules, processes and procedures. It is the implementation, and subsequent enforcement, of legislative rules and procedures related to voting process, not just the systems technology, which create accountability in the process.

A vote is a formal manner by which a legislative body expresses its will or decision. There are several ways in which votes may be taken. Roll-call votes allow each member to cast a vote by individually voicing “aye” or “nay” when his or her name is called, or by personally selecting “aye” or “nay” through electronic means, which may or may not be recorded (depending upon chamber rules). Voice votes allow legislators, when asked by the chair, to indicate en mass either their support (by saying “aye”) or their opposition (by saying “nay”) to a motion, bill, amendment, etc., being considered either on the chamber floor or in committee. The chair then announces his or her decision as to which “side” prevailed. If the chair is uncertain about which side prevailed, or a member disagrees with the chair’s decision, a “division” may be called (if allowable by the chamber rules and procedures), then the vote is tabulated through either a show of hands or by standing.

There are three types of voting systems (discussed later in this report): manual, combination, and electronic. With a manual system, roll calls are taken verbally and then manually tabulated via pen and paper and entered manually into some type of reporting system. A combination system integrates the use of verbal roll calls, which are then tabulated and reported electronically. An electromagnetic (fully electronic) voting system allows individual legislators to vote by pressing a button, or another means of voting electronically, which is then electronically tallied and reported electronically. Ultimately, regardless of which voting system is used, chamber rules and procedures determine which votes are reported.

A brief discussion of vote taking, tabulation of votes, and where vote totals are displayed and reported appears later in this report. This report describes the three previously mentioned voting system configurations and identifies the vote process and voting systems used by other states as shown by a survey administered by the National Conference of State Legislatures. Attachment A is a copy of the survey results provided by NCSL.

This report offers a discussion of Wyoming’s process and procedure related to electronic voting. Wyoming maintains an electronic voting system commonly referred to as a combination system, which according to Ms. Erickson, is consistent with other smaller legislative chambers similar to Wyoming’s.

PART II. General Overview of Electronic Voting Electronic voting, in the legislative context, is a tool used for casting, tabulating, and reporting of votes. In other words, it is a tool through which a legislative body expresses its will or decision via electro-magnetic, electronic or computerized means. Generally speaking, the most often discussed advantages of electronic voting technology include the speed and accuracy with which votes may be tallied. In addition, these systems may facilitate the production of official legislative journals, provide data to bill status or history systems, and overall serve to streamline the legislative process.

Types of Voting Systems

There are three types of voting systems:

1. Manual systems: the Clerk, or some other designated person, calls the roll, indicates each member’s vote on paper and then manually tabulates the vote.

2. Combination systems: Computerized system allowing the Clerk, or some other designated person, to call roll and enter the vote on a touch screen computer (this is the system Wyoming maintains).

3. Electromagnetic (fully electronic) voting system: Provides some type of electronic touch pad, button or computer, allowing legislators to enter his or her own vote into the system.

As indicated in the Introduction, Wyoming maintains a combination electronic voting system. Table 1, below, identifies other chambers that use a combination system, as well as the size of these chambers. By comparison, Wyoming’s House of Representatives has 60 members, and the Senate has 30 members.

Table 1. Other Chambers with Combination Electronic Voting Systems Chamber Size of Chamber Alabama Senate 35 Arizona Senate 30 Arkansas Senate 35 California Senate 40 Colorado Senate 35 Delaware House 41 Kansas Senate 40 Kentucky Senate 38 New Mexico Senate 42 Ohio Senate 33 Texas Senate 31 Vermont Senate 30 Washington Senate 49 Wisconsin Senate 33 Source: Results from NCSL’s survey on electronic voting, June 2014.

In general, there are three ways through which electronic means may be used to conduct legislative business: 1) how legislator votes are taken; 2) how legislator votes are tabulated; and 3) how legislator votes are reported or displayed. Below is a brief description of vote taking, tabulation, and reporting/display.

Roll Call Vote Taking

There are different manners through which votes may be taken on motions, bills, amendments, etc: roll call, standing or hand count, and voice. Whether or not votes are recorded is set forth in each chamber’s rules and procedures. An electronic voting system may be used for procedures other than recorded roll call votes. It may also be used to establish or verify a quorum or to determine a prevailing side in lieu of a voice vote or division. Legislators may vote either verbally or electronically. Generally, a verbal roll call vote is when the Chief Clerk calls the roll and legislators verbally indicate their vote when their name is called. An electronic roll call vote means the legislators cast their own vote through some manner of electronic means, typically a hard-wired button at their desks.

Recently, issues concerning accountability during the vote process have been raised for some legislatures that use an electronic voting system. More specifically, there have been situations in which legislators have voted for other legislators via the hard-wired buttons on their desks. The New York and Oregon legislatures use key cards and fingerprint technology, respectively, which serve as safety features to preserve the integrity of the vote process.

Tabulation and Recording of Votes

Votes may be counted a couple of different ways. Votes may be tabulated either manually (using pen and paper) or electronically. Some votes are not tabulated, such as voice votes, which are taken en mass and only the outcome may be reported. Not all legislative votes are tabulated or recorded, and the use of a fully electronic voting system does not mean votes are automatically recorded. As previously indicated, tabulation, recording, and reporting of votes is determined by chamber rules and procedure. According to Ms. Erickson from NCSL, there is not a legislative chamber in the country that requires roll call votes for all actions on bills or that records all votes. Table 2, below in Part IV, identifies votes in Wyoming that are tabulated and recorded by individual legislators.

Display and Reporting of Votes

There are several mediums through which legislative chambers may choose to display or report tabulated votes: display boards, information kiosks, the internet, and the legislative journal. Display boards are typically mounted on the chamber wall. A display board may be configured to display multiple pieces of information, although the amount of information displayed may be limited based upon the size and type of display board or procedures establishing which data are to be reflected. For example, a display board may be configured to display the number and catch title of the bill being discussed, the bill sponsors, the names of all the legislators, how (or if) they voted on the bill, a running vote total, etc. When configuring a display board, attention to chamber rules and regulations must guide information choices to avoid confusion and violation of chamber processes. Display boards “live in the present”, meaning the information provided on the boards tends to reflect what is going on at a certain point in time. Display boards do not provide the depth of information that legislative websites may provide, such as text or status of bills, committee actions, etc. A brief summary is provided below: Type of display board: (The six listings below on type of display boards were not updated during the 2014 survey; as such they represent information from the 2008 survey.) The remainder of the information was updated in the 2014 NCSL survey. If any changes were made to the type of display boards, it may be most likely that states added or upgraded their display boards):  13 chambers do not have display boards in chambers (2008);  43 chambers do have hard-wired display boards in chambers (2008);  8 chambers do have projection screens in chambers (2008);  8 chambers do have plasma screens in chambers (2008);  2 chambers do have video monitors in chambers (2008); and  10 chambers have display boards or screens that blend or disappear into the chamber background when not in use (2008).

Table 11, What the display board (s) show to chamber and gallery:  48 chambers boards show individual member names and how each member is voting;  55 chambers boards show the bill or amendment number;  48 chambers boards show on which Reading or order of business;  40 chambers boards show the bill or amendment author or sponsor;

 23 chambers boards show the running vote total; and  50 chambers boards show the final vote total.

Currently, Wyoming’s electronic voting system does not include means for legislators to vote electronically from their desks, or maintain electronic display boards or screens. Wyoming does provide a wide variety of information on the legislative website.

The internet is another medium through which legislative votes may be reported. The timing in which the information is displayed on websites varies, however. For many legislatures, voting information is posted to their websites hours or days later. In contrast, most of the roll call votes taken in the Wyoming Legislature are provided on the legislative website in near real-time. More information on those votes is provided below in Table 2 and Table 3.

The legislative journal is a chronological record of the actions and proceedings of the respective houses of the legislature. It is the official record of legislative business for almost every legislative body. While the journal is the official record in most states, it typically is not a verbatim transcript of floor action. Most legislative assemblies produce “summary” journals, which is a record that summarizes the major actions taken by a body but does not include every word spoken. Roll call votes are one of the items typically included in a chamber’s journal. The timing within which a person may access journal information varies, because the frequency of journal publication differs among legislative bodies. About half of the legislative chambers print a preliminary journal each day. For the majority of legislatures, however, the final official “permanent” journal is not produced until after the legislative session ends.

PART III: Summary of National Conference of State Legislatures’ Electronic Voting Survey Results (Attachment A)

In the summer of 2014, NCSL sent a survey to all 99 senate and house chambers (Nebraska has only one chamber) across the country to gather information on the general vote taking process and voting systems used by other legislatures. Of the 99 chambers, 69 chambers had responded as of the preparation of this report. It is important to note that not all chambers responded to this survey. In addition, of those chambers that did respond, not all questions were answered. The results of the NCSL survey are compiled in Tables 1 through 27 of Attachment A. A brief summary of select tables is provided below.

The following results relate specifically to voting systems: Table 2, Type of Voting System Used (types are defined in Part III below):  47 chambers use a fully electronic voting system (15 Senate, 31 House, 1 unicameral);  16 chambers use a combination voting system (14 Senate, 2 House – including Wyoming’s Senate and House); and  7 chambers use a manual voting system (6 Senate, 1 House).

Table 3, For Type 1 Electronic Voting Systems: Type of Voting Stations:  24 chambers have voting stations at the rostrum for use by the presiding officer;  23 chambers have voting stations at the rostrum for use by the Senate secretary or House clerk;  46 chambers have voting stations at each member’s desk;  1 chamber allows legislators to vote at voting stations located at the rear or sides of the chamber.

Table 5, For Type 1 Systems: How Legislators Vote at their Individual Desks:  42 chambers allow legislators to vote through hard-wired buttons on their desks;  1 chamber allows legislators to vote by using personal voting key cards;  1 chamber allows legislators to vote on a laptop or personal computer.

Table 9, Distribution of Roll Call Votes (not all roll call votes are posted in the same manner):  51 chambers post roll call votes to the daily journal (including Wyoming’s Senate and House);  59 chambers post roll call votes in the final journal (including Wyoming’s Senate and House);  28 chambers post roll call votes to the internet in real time (including Wyoming’s Senate and House);  27 chambers post roll call votes to the internet, but is delayed; and  38 chambers allow the public to request vote printouts from a room in the capitol or from the legislature.

Table 7, For Type 1 Electronic Voting Systems: Who is Allowed to Press Vote Buttons at a Legislator’s Desk:  35 chambers allow only the legislator assigned to a particular desk to press vote button;  15 chambers allow a variety of options. (NOTE: See notes to Table 7 in Attachment A)

The following survey results relate to processes used in different chambers: Table 13, Method Used to Vote on Proposed Amendments During Committee of the Whole:  44 chambers do not use Committee of the Whole as a means to discuss bills on the floor;  3 chambers use electronic voting for all votes during Committee of the Whole and record them;  1 chamber uses electronic voting for all votes during Committee of the Whole and doesn’t record them;  6 chambers use electronic voting only if a roll call is requested during Committee of the Whole;  14 chambers typically use a voice vote or hand count, but a roll call can be requested during Committee of the Whole (includes Wyoming Senate and House); and  7 chambers use voice vote, hand count, or standing count for all votes on amendments in Committee of the Whole.

Table 14, Method Used to Vote on Proposed Amendments During Second Reading:  6 chambers use electronic voting for all votes on Second Reading and are recorded;  4 chambers use and electronic voting system on Second Reading but the votes are not recorded;  21 chambers use electronic voting only if a roll call is requested on Second Reading;  37 chambers typically use a voice vote, hand count, or standing count, but a roll call can be requested on Second Reading (includes Wyoming’s Senate and House); and  8 chambers use voice or hand count for all votes on Second Reading.

Table 15, Method Used to Vote on Proposed Amendments During Third Reading:  20 chambers do not allow amendments on Third Reading or final passage;  8 chambers use electronic voting for all votes on Third Reading, which are recorded;  4 chambers use electronic voting for all votes during Third Reading and doesn’t record them;  14 chambers use electronic voting only if a roll call is requested on Third Reading;  24 chambers typically use a voice vote, hand count, or standing count, but a roll call can be requested on Third Reading (including Wyoming Senate and House);  1 chamber uses a voice vote or hand count for all votes on Third Reading; and

 1 chamber uses a recorded oral roll call vote for all votes on Third Reading.

Table 17, Method Used to Vote on Motions That May Result in Final Action During Floor Debate:  29 chambers use electronic voting for all votes on final action, which are recorded;  11 chambers use electronic voting only if a roll call is requested on final action;  22 chambers typically use a voice vote, hand count, or standing count, but a roll call can be requested on final action;  6 chambers use a voice vote or hand count for all votes on final action; and  6 chambers use a recorded oral roll call vote for all votes (including Wyoming Senate and House). Table 23, When a Legislator Can Change a Vote While Voting System is Open:  3 chambers do not allow legislators to change their vote after it has been cast; and  65 chambers allow votes to be changed up to the time that the presiding officer announces the final vote count (including Wyoming Senate and House).

Table 24, When a Legislator Can Change a Vote While Voting System is Closed:  42 chambers do not allow legislators to change their vote (including Wyoming Senate and House); and  16 chambers allow the vote to be changed but the original outcome of the vote does not change. (NOTE: See Attachment A for additional notes regarding these rules).

Table 22, which is an open question on the length of time a roll call vote typically remains open has a wide variety of times. In senate chambers the majority of responses indicated the roll call time was somewhere around one to three minutes. In house chambers, the majority of responses indicated the roll call time was somewhere around one to two minutes, though many were less than one minute. See Attachment A, Table 22 for specific state responses to the length of time of a roll call vote.

PART IV. Wyoming Legislature’s Process and Procedure Related to Taking and Recording Votes

In previous testimony, Ms. Erickson, NCSL, informed the Committee that Wyoming maintains a combination electronic voting system that is consistent with other smaller legislative chambers. In recent discussions with Ms. Erickson, she indicated this was still an accurate description of Wyoming and other small legislative chambers. The combination system used by Wyoming allows the chambers to maintain tradition and integrate technology. Again, it is important to recognize that electronic voting systems are tools to assist legislative chambers in conducting legislative business and does not automatically provide accountability. Ms. Erickson also indicated that Wyoming has a very accountable vote process and system due to the manner in which legislative business is conducted.

In Wyoming, several actions on bills require roll call votes, which, as noted previously, are taken via verbal roll call by the Chief Clerk and recorded through the use of electronic voting software. Before the vote is closed, the Chief Clerk inquires if any legislators wish to change their vote. After the roll call vote is closed, the Chief Clerk announces the final vote count, and a legislator may not change his or her vote. As previously noted, 65 chambers of the 68 chambers responding to NCSL’s survey allow legislators to change their votes until the presiding officer announces the final vote count. In addition, 16 chambers allow legislators to change their votes after the voting system has been closed and the vote count has been announced, but the original outcome of the vote does not change. This survey table also has many individual state response “notes” that provide additional information on how this works in different states. See Attachment A, Table 24 for additional information.

Currently, in the Wyoming Legislature, 17 primary actions, 1 general procedural action, and 11 miscellaneous votes on bills require roll call votes, which are subsequently recorded. Of the total 29 recorded roll call votes,

15 roll call votes are reported in almost real-time on the Legislature’s website and 14 are either reported daily on the website, by the end of session on the website, or in the official journal at the end of session. The following table lists actions that require roll calls in the Wyoming House and Senate and where they are reported. Table 2. Required Roll Calls Votes and Where and How Reported. Individual Votes Individual Votes Primary Action on Bills Where Reported Reported Available on Website Bill introduction vote in Budget Session Website in real time Yes Yes, in real time Initial vote on Introduction Consent List in Official Journal Yes No Budget Session Bill introduction vote after cutoff date Website in real time Yes Yes, in real time Adopt positive motion on bill in standing Website, daily Yes Yes, daily committee, Do Pass, etc. Failed positive motion on bill in standing Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session committee Motion to indefinitely postpone bill in Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session standing committee Bill fails Committee of the Whole Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time 2nd Reading amendment to increase or Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time decrease appropriation 3rd Reading amendment to increase or Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time decrease appropriation Initial vote on 3rd Reading Consent List Official Journal Yes No Pass or fail 3rd Reading Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time Motion to Reconsider Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time Motion to Rescind vote regarding specific Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time bill Motion to Suspend Rules regarding specific Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time bill Motion to Concur Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time Motion to Adopt Joint Conference Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time Committee Report Vote on Veto Override Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time General Procedural Motions To rescind a vote not related to specific bill Official Journal Yes No Votes on Miscellaneous Actions Amend Wyoming Manual of Legislative Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session Procedure (WMLP) Adopt or amend rules Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session Suspend rules not related to specific bill Official Journal Yes No Remove a legislative officer Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session Senate confirmations Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session To expunge record not related to specific Official Journal Yes No bill Accelerate bill to 3rd reading Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time Reintroduce rejected bill Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time Request for return of bill Website, in real time Yes Yes, in real time Legislative election contest Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session Presidential election contest Website, by end of session Yes Yes, by end of session Source: Legislative Service Office.

There are several actions for which legislators may request roll calls. A list of those actions is provided below in Table 3.

Table 3. Roll Call Votes Upon Request. Individual Votes Individual Votes Primary Action on Bills Where Reported Reported Available on Website Recall a bill from committee Daily, on website Only if roll call Only if roll call Motion to re-commit bill Daily, on website Only if roll call Only if roll call Motion to re-refer bill Daily, on website Only if roll call Only if roll call Motion to lay back 1 day prior to 2nd Daily, on website Only if roll call Only if roll call reading 2nd reading regular amendment Website, in real time Only if roll call Only if roll call Pass 2nd reading Daily, on website Only if roll call Only if roll call Motion to lay back 1 day prior to 3rd Daily, on website Only if roll call Only if roll call reading 3rd reading regular amendment Website, in real time Only if roll call Only if roll call General Procedural Motions Appeal decision of the Chair Only if roll call No No Vote on Miscellaneous Actions To read papers Only if roll call Only if roll call No Call of the House or Senate Only if roll call Only if roll call No Source: Legislative Service Office.

Part V: Conclusion

Electronic voting systems are useful tools for accomplishing legislative business, but these systems do not equate to accountability in the legislative process. The rules and procedures adopted by each legislative chamber, which includes rules concerning how and which votes are taken, the method through which votes are tabulated, and where and how quickly the votes are reported, ensure the integrity of the legislative process.

Wyoming’s legislative chambers use a combination electronic voting system, which is consistent with other smaller legislative chambers. This type of voting system incorporates the accountability of traditional verbal vote taking (one voice, one vote) with the technology of electronic voting software which streamlines the tabulation and reporting of the votes.

The Wyoming Legislature does not use display boards. It does, however, maintain a legislative website on which a large amount of voting information is available, in almost real time.

Based upon data collected by NCSL, Ms. Erickson concluded that Wyoming’s current voting system provides basically the same transparency and public accountability as the “fully electronic” systems, lacking only hard- wired voting buttons and display boards in the chambers.

Survey on Voting Systems and Their Use

The National Conference of State Legislatures was asked to updated 2008 research on voting systems and their use.

In June 2014, NCSL staff surveyed the 99 principal clerks and secretaries in state legislatures. Sixty-seven completed surveys were returned. A compilation of the survey results follows.

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 1

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 1. Responses to the Survey on Voting Systems and Their Use

State Senate House Alabama • • Alaska • NR Arizona • • Arkansas • • California • NR Colorado • • Connecticut • NR Delaware NR • Florida • • Georgia NR NR Hawaii • • Idaho • • Illinois • • Indiana • NR Iowa NR • Kansas • • Kentucky • • Louisiana • • Maine • NR Maryland NR • Massachusetts • • Michigan • • Minnesota • • Mississippi • • Missouri • NR Montana NR • Nebraska • NA Nevada NR NR New Hampshire • • New Jersey NR NR New Mexico • • New York NR NR North Carolina NR • North Dakota • • Ohio • NR Oklahoma • • Oregon NR •

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 2

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 1. Responses to the Survey on Voting Systems and Their Use, cont'd.

State Senate House Pennsylvania NR • Rhode Island NR NR South Carolina NR • South Dakota NR NR Tennessee • • Texas • • Utah NR • Vermont • NR Virginia • • Washington • NR West Virginia • • Wisconsin • • Wyoming NR NR

Key: •=A survey was returned. NA=Not applicable. The Nebraska Legislature is unicameral. NR=No response

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 3

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 2. Type of Voting System Used

Type 1--electronic: A system which provides some type of electronic touch pad, buttons, or computer allowing legislators to enter their own votes into the system.

Type 2--combination: A computerized system which allows the clerk (or someone at the desk) to call the roll and enter the vote into the system via a touch screen, etc.

Type 3--manual: Manual system where the clerk (or someone at the desk) calls the roll, indicates each member's vote on a score sheet, and manually tabulates the final vote count.

- - -

Type 1 Electronic Type 2 Combination State (1) Type 3 Manual Alabama H S Alaska S Arizona B S Arkansas H S California S Colorado H S Connecticut S Delaware H Florida B Georgia Hawaii B Idaho H S Illinois B Indiana S Iowa H Kansas H S Kentucky H S Louisiana B Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts H S Michigan B Minnesota B Mississippi H S Missouri S Montana H

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 4

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 2. Type of Voting System Used, cont'd.

- - -

State (1) Type 1 Electronic Type 2 Combination Type 3 Manual Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H S New Jersey New Mexico H S New York North Carolina H North Dakota B Ohio S Oklahoma B Oregon H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee B Texas H S Utah H Vermont S Virginia B Washington S West Virginia B Wisconsin H S Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Note: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House.

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 5

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 3. For Type 1 Systems: Type of Voting Station(s) Used

rear, rear,

State (1) Voting station at the by for use rostrum House or Senate officer presiding the at station Voting for the by use rostrum or secretary Senate clerk House Voting station at each member’s desk station(s) Voting the at located in elsewhere or sides the chamber Other Alabama H H Alaska S S S Arizona B B H Arkansas H H California Colorado H Connecticut S Delaware Florida S S B Georgia Hawaii Idaho H H H Illinois B Indiana S Iowa H H Kansas H Kentucky H Louisiana B B B Maine S S S Maryland H H H Massachusetts H H H Michigan B B B Minnesota H B B Mississippi H Missouri Montana H H H Nebraska S S Nevada New Hampshire H H H New Jersey New Mexico H New York North Carolina H H North Dakota B

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 6

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 3. For Type 1 Systems: Type of Voting Station(s) Used, cont’d.

use

State (1) Voting station at the by for use rostrum Ho or Senate officer presiding the at station Voting for the by use rostrum or secretary Senate clerk House Voting station at each member’s desk station(s) Voting rear, the at located in elsewhere or sides the chamber Other Ohio Oklahoma S B Oregon H H H H Pennsylvania H H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee H H B Texas H Utah H H Vermont Virginia S S B Washington West Virginia B Wisconsin H H H Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Note: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House.

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 7

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 4. For Type 1 Systems: Which Voting Station(s) May Be Turned On/Off Individually

in lsewhere

State (1) Voting station at the by for use rostrum House or Senate officer presiding the at station Voting for the by use rostrum or secretary Senate clerk House Voting station at each member’s desk station(s) Voting rear, the at located e or sides the chamber Other Alabama H H Alaska S Arizona S B 2 Arkansas H H California Colorado Connecticut S Delaware Florida S H Georgia Hawaii Idaho H Illinois B Indiana S S S Iowa H Kansas H Kentucky H Louisiana B B Maine S S S Maryland 3 Massachusetts H Michigan S H Minnesota H S 4 Mississippi Missouri Montana 5 Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H H H New Jersey New Mexico H New York North Carolina H H North Dakota B

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 8

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 4. For Type 1 Systems: Which Voting Station(s) May Be Turned On/Off Individually, cont’d.

State (1) officer residing Voting station at the the at station Voting for the by use rostrum or secretary Senate clerk House Voting station at each member’s desk station(s) Voting rear, the at located in elsewhere or sides the chamber Other Voting station at the by for use rostrum House or Senate p Ohio Oklahoma S B Oregon H Pennsylvania H H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee H B Texas H Utah H Vermont Virginia S S B Washington West Virginia H H Wisconsin H H H Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 9

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 4. For Type 1 Systems: Which Voting Station(s) May Be Turned On/Off Individually, cont’d.

3. Maryland. In the House, if a member has called out excused (absent), the journal or reading clerk can lock his/her button from voting. 4. Minnesota. In the Senate, the system may allow a member’s voting stations at his/her desk to be turned off, but this has never been done. 5. Montana. In the House, if a member is marked “excused,” the voting automatically is turned off.

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 10

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 5. For Type 1 Systems: By Which Method Does A Member Vote from the Voting Station Located at His/Her Desk

wired buttons -

ware State (1) Via hard on desk voting Using a personal card key Using finger print recognition Using recognition voice soft On a laptop or computer personal Other Alabama H Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas H California Colorado H Connecticut S Delaware Florida B Georgia Hawaii Idaho H 2 Illinois B Indiana 3 Iowa H Kansas H Kentucky H Louisiana H 4 Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts H Michigan B Minnesota B Mississippi H Missouri Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H New Jersey New Mexico H New York North Carolina H North Dakota B

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 11

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 5. For Type 1 Systems: By Which Method Does A Member Vote from the Voting Station Located at His/Her Desk, cont’d.

wired buttons -

State (1) Other Via hard on desk voting Using a personal card key Using finger print recognition Using recognition voice software On a laptop or computer personal Ohio Oklahoma B Oregon H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee B Texas H Utah 5 Vermont Virginia B Washington West Virginia B Wisconsin H Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Idaho. In the House, starting with the 2015 session, members will vote from their desk phone only. 3. Indiana. In the House, members vote from desk-mounted touch tablets. 4. Louisiana. In the Senate and House, members vote via a programmable touch screen interface. 5. Utah. In the House, voting is done on a Crestron miniature computer that is programmed for voting and calendar display.

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 12

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 6. For Type 1 Systems: By Which Method Does A Member Vote from a Voting Station Located in the Rear, Sides or Elsewhere in the Chamber

wired buttons -

State (1) Via hard station the on voting Using a personal card key Using finger print recognition Using recognition voice software On a laptop computer personal Other Alabama Alaska Arizona S Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut S Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky H Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico H New York North Carolina North Dakota

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 6. For Type 1 Systems: By Which Method Does A Member Vote from a Voting Station Located in the Rear, Sides or Elsewhere in the Chamber, cont’d.

wired buttons -

State (1) Other Via hard station the on voting Using a personal card key Using finger print recognition Using recognition voice software On a laptop or computer personal Ohio Oklahoma Oregon H Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin H Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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Table 7. For Type 1 Systems: Who May Press Vote Buttons at Voting System on A Legislator’s Desk

State (1) Only the member desk the to assigned Other Alabama 2 Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas 3 California Colorado H Connecticut S Delaware Florida B 4 Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois S 5 Indiana S Iowa H Kansas H Kentucky H 6 Louisiana 7 Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts 8 Michigan B Minnesota B Mississippi H Missouri Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H 9 New Jersey New Mexico H New York North Carolina H North Dakota B

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Table 7. For Type 1 Systems: Who May Press Vote Buttons at Voting System on A Legislator’s Desk, cont’d.

State (1) Only the member desk the to assigned Other Ohio Oklahoma 10 Oregon H 11 Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina 12 South Dakota Tennessee B Texas 13 Utah H 14 Vermont Virginia H 15 Washington West Virginia B Wisconsin H 16 Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Alabama. In the House, any member can vote another member’s machine unless House Rule 32 is invoked (by any member) to specify that every member must vote his/her own machine. 3. Arkansas. In the House, Rule 96 states “No person not a representative shall cast a vote for a representative.”

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Table 7. For Type 1 Systems: Who May Press Vote Buttons at Voting System on A Legislator’s Desk, cont’d.

4. Florida. In the Senate, senators who are in the chamber but away from their desks may request another senator to press their vote buttons. In the House, by rule, another member may vote for a colleague with specific instructions and only if both members are present and remain in the chamber while the vote is occurring. 5. Illinois. In the House, the member assigned to the desk, a seatmate or sometimes staff may vote. 6. Kentucky. In the House, if a member is away from, but approaching, his/her desk when a roll call vote is taken, the member may motion up or down for a seatmate to push his/her voting button. 7. Louisiana. In the Senate, members may vote other members’ machines, and legislative aides who are sitting at a member’s desk may vote the member’s machine at the direction of the member. In the House, members of the House may vote other members’ machines. 8. Massachusetts. In the Senate, per Senate Rule 57, a member may vote from his/her office if ill or physically unable to come to the chamber; the court officer reads the member’s vote to the clerk. In the House, a vote may be cast by the member or a court officer under certain circumstances (which must be announced by the presiding officer; also if a member’s voting station malfunctions, the member may approach the clerk’s desk and request the clerk to record his/her vote. 9. New Hampshire. If a member has not voted by accident, the bill status clerk may enter his/her vote. 10. Oklahoma. In the Senate, another member or staff may press the vote button if instructed by the member. In the House, the member may vote or he/she may direct another member to do so if the member making the request is within sight of the second member; also, if a member wants to vote while not his/her desk, the member may get the presiding officer’s attention, the presiding officer announces how the member is voting and the voting clerk inputs the vote electronically into the roll call software. 11. Oregon. In the House, members who are in the chamber but not at their desks may indicate their vote to the clerk (using thumbs up or down) and the clerk registers the members’ votes. 12. South Carolina. In the House, any member may insert his/her key card into any desk’s voting system to record a vote. 13. Texas. In the House, only the member may vote unless consent is given to another member (deskmate). 14. Utah. In the House, the clerk is authorized by rule to vote for members who provide a visual cue; the members must be inside the House chamber to vote. 15. Virginia. In the Senate, the member assigned to the desk or his/her seatmate may vote. 16. Wisconsin. In the Assembly, it has been practice, as a courtesy only, if a member is temporarily away from his/her desk that another member can push the button to vote.

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Table 8. Voting Options that Legislators Have

State (1) Aye, ye or yes ye or Aye, or no Nay option (or Present indicating the is member voting position” “no Abstain (or option a indicate to used interest) of conflict at al toNot vote Other Alabama B B B B Alaska S S Arizona B B S Arkansas B B B B California S S S Colorado B B S Connecticut S S Delaware H H H H Florida B B 2 Georgia Hawaii B B S 3 Idaho B B 4 Illinois B B B B Indiana S S S Iowa H H H H Kansas B B B 5 Kentucky B B B S 6 Louisiana B B H Maine S S S Maryland H H H Massachusetts B B S S 7 Michigan B H B Minnesota B B B 8 Mississippi B B B B Missouri S S Montana H H H Nebraska S S S Nevada New Hampshire B B S New Jersey New Mexico B B S S New York North Carolina H H H North Dakota B B B

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Table 8. Voting Options that Legislators Have, cont’d.

State (1) Aye, ye or yes ye or Aye, or no Nay option (or ent Pres indicating the is member voting position” “no Abstain (or option a indicate to used interest) of conflict at all toNot vote Other Ohio S 9 Oklahoma B B B Oregon H H H Pennsylvania H H Rhode Island South Carolina H H South Dakota Tennessee B B B H Texas B B H S S Utah H H Vermont S S Virginia B B B H Washington S S 10 West Virginia B B S 11 Wisconsin B B S H 12 Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Florida. In the Senate, if a member files an abstention of vote with the secretary of the Senate, his/her vote button is locked. In the House, if a member abstains due to a conflict, his/her vote button is locked and it is reflected in the journal that the member abstained. 3. Hawaii. In the Senate, a member who is not present for a vote may be excused. In the House, a member may vote aye with reservations (which counts as an aye). 4. Idaho. In the House, if the member asks to be excused from the vote and no one in the body objects, the clerk enters “excused from voting” at the podium.

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Table 8. Voting Options that Legislators Have, cont’d.

5. Kansas. In the Senate, “present and passing” is one category; refusing to vote requires permission from the Senate membership. In the House, the option not to vote is available unless there is a call of the house. 6. Kentucky. In the Senate, if present, unless otherwise noted, members will be counted as voting yea on resolutions. 7. Massachusetts. In the Senate, per Senate Rule 57, a member may vote from his/her office if ill or physically unable to come to the chamber; the court officer reads the member’s vote to the clerk. 8. Minnesota. In the Senate, per Rule 41, every member present must vote upon the request of another member unless excused by the Senate. 9. Ohio. In the Senate, a member may move to be excused from voting. 10. Washington. In the Senate, members also may be recorded as absent (if not present) or excused (by motion). 11. West Virginia. In the Senate, Rule 43 allows a member to be excused from voting due to a conflict of interest. 12. Wisconsin. In the Senate, pursuant to Rule 73, a member may abstain only for a “special cause.”

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Table 9. Distribution of Roll Call Votes

State (1) Roll call votes are are votes call Roll printeda daily in journal are votes call Roll printed in the final journal are votes call Roll posted to the in time real Internet are votes call Roll posted to the but Internet, delayed is posting The public may vote request printouts from a capitol in the room legislative or building Other Alabama B S H B 2 Alaska S S S S 3 Arizona B B B 4 Arkansas B S H B 5 California S S S S 6 Colorado B B H Connecticut S S S 7 Delaware H H H Florida B B B S 8 Georgia Hawaii B B S H 9 Idaho B B S H H 10 Illinois B B B S Indiana S S S 11 Iowa H H H H 12 Kansas B B H S S 13 Kentucky B B B 14 Louisiana B B S H 15 Maine S S S 16 Maryland H H H 17 Massachusetts B B S S S 18 Michigan B B 19 Minnesota B B H B 20 Mississippi B H S B 21 Missouri S S Montana H H H Nebraska S S S S 22 Nevada New Hampshire B B H S New Jersey New Mexico S B 23 New York North Carolina H H North Dakota B

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Table 9. Distribution of Roll Call Votes, cont’d.

time

State (1) Roll call votes are are votes call Roll printeda daily in journal are votes call Roll printed in the final journal are votes call Roll posted to the in real Internet Roll call votes are are votes call Roll posted to the but Internet, delayed is posting The public may vote request printouts from a capitol in the room legislative or building Other Ohio S Oklahoma B B S H 24 Oregon H H 25 Pennsylvania H H H 26 Rhode Island South Carolina H H H 27 South Dakota Tennessee S B B B 28 Texas B S Utah H H H H Vermont S S S S 29 Virginia B S H S 30 Washington S S S West Virginia B B H S S 31 Wisconsin B B B H 32 Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Alabama. In the House, the typical posting time is less than one hour later; members, however, can receive a printed copy of a roll call, upon request, immediately after the vote is taken.. 3. Alaska. In the Senate, vote results (number of yeas/nays) are posted on the Internet in real time; the record of members who voted yea/nay is available (in real time) via printout in the capitol and then in the final journal at the end of the same day. 4. Arizona. In the House, daily posting sheets show vote totals, but not votes by member.

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Table 9. Distribution of Roll Call Votes, cont’d.

5. Arkansas. In the House, the typical posting time is approximately 20 minutes later. 6. California. In the Senate, the typical posting time is approximately two hours later. 7. Connecticut. In the Senate, the typical posting time is after session ends or one day later. 8. Florida. In the Senate, all votes are available in real time on a Senate custom application. In the House, votes are provided on the House APP. 9. Hawaii. In the House, the typical posting time is approximately one hour later. 10. Idaho. In the House, the typical posting time is approximately a few hours later. 11. Indiana. In the Senate, the typical posting time is approximately two hours later. 12. Iowa. In the House, the typical posting time is at the end of the day when the journal is posted to the Internet. 13. Kansas. In the Senate, the typical posting time is approximately one hour later. In the House, vote printouts are available from the clerk’s desk immediately after the vote or at a later time by request. 14. Kentucky. In the Senate, the typical posting time is one to two hours later. In the House, the typical posting time is four hours later. 15. Louisiana. In the House, the typical posting time is approximately six minutes later. 16. Maine. In the Senate, the typical posting time is approximately 30 minutes later; roll call votes also are printed and distributed to various offices and the document room. 17. Maryland. In the House, the typical posting time is approximately two days later. 18. Massachusetts. In the House, they are posted as soon as possible. 19. Michigan. In the House, the typical posting time is one day later. 20. Minnesota. In the House, the typical posting time is approximately two hours later. 21. Mississippi. In the Senate, the typical posting time is approximately one day later. 22. Nebraska. In the Unicameral, the typical posting time is at the end of the session day, assuming a recorded vote was requested. 23. New Mexico. In both Senate and House, the typical posting time is approximately 24 hours later. In the House, vote printouts are distributed to leadership following a vote. 24. Oklahoma. In the House, the typical posting time is approximately five minutes later. 25. Oregon. In the House, roll call votes are printed in a daily calendar/measure status. 26. Pennsylvania. In the House, the typical posting time is one hour after session. 27. South Carolina. In the House, the typical posting time is two hours later; hard copy vote printouts are available to members and staff in the chamber. 28. Tennessee. In both chambers the typical posting time is one hour later. 29. Vermont. In the Senate, the typical posting time is two to three hours later. 30. Virginia. In both chambers, the votes totals are reported in real time; the roll call details are posted shortly after adjournment each day. 31. West Virginia. In the Senate, the typical posting time is 30-60 minutes after the conclusion of the floor session. 32. Wisconsin. In the Senate, roll calls are printed upon request for members during session.

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Table 10. Journals Available on the Internet

State (1) None Daily journal Final journal Other Alabama B Alaska S S 2 Arizona B S 3 Arkansas B 4 California S S 5 Colorado B B 6 Connecticut S 7 Delaware H 8 Florida B B 9 Georgia Hawaii H B 10 Idaho B B 11 Illinois H B 12 Indiana S S Iowa H H 13 Kansas B B 14 Kentucky H S 15 Louisiana B B 16 Maine S 17 Maryland H 18 Massachusetts B H 19 Michigan B H 20 Minnesota B B 21 Mississippi B Missouri S 22 Montana H 23 Nebraska S S 24 Nevada New Hampshire B 25 New Jersey New Mexico B New York North Carolina H 26 North Dakota B B 27

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Table 10. Journals Available on the Internet, cont’d.

State (1) None Daily journal Final journal Other Ohio S 28 Oklahoma B H 29 Oregon H 30 Pennsylvania H 31 Rhode Island South Carolina H H South Dakota Tennessee B B 32 Texas B S 33 Utah H 34 Vermont S 35 Virginia S B 36 Washington S S 37 West Virginia B S 38 Wisconsin B 39 Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Alaska. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted by the end of the day; the final journal is posed by the end of session business (fall). 3. Arizona. In the Senate, posting sheets are posted daily; the final journal is posed on the Internet in December each year. In the House daily posting sheets are prepared at the end of each legislative day. 4. Arkansas. In the House, the final journal is posted after session is concluded and the final journal is completed.

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Table 10. Journals Available on the Internet, cont’d.

5. California. In the Senate, the daily journal and the final journal are posted once certified. 6. Colorado. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted before close of business on the same day; the final journal is posted following the end of session (around July). 7. Connecticut. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted the next day. 8. Delaware. In the House, the daily journal is posted after 2 p.m. each session day. 9. Florida. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted the day of the sitting; the final journal is posted approximately eight to 10 weeks after sine die. 10. Hawaii. In the Senate, the final journal is posted after publication of the final printed journal. In the House, the daily journal usually is posted within a couple of days; the final journal is posted after completion of the hard copy (around the beginning of the following year). 11. Idaho. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted at the end of the day; the final journal is posted a few months after sine die. In the House, the daily journal usually is available a few hours after adjournment; the final journal is available about a month or so after sine die. 12. Illinois. In the Senate, the final journal is posted after approval of the Senate. In the House, the daily journal is posted the following business day; the final journal is posted after it has been proofed (typically late summer or early fall). 13. Iowa. In the House, the daily journal is posted at the end of the day; the final journal is posted after the hard bound copy is printed. 14. Kansas. In the Senate, the daily and final journals are posted when they are sent to the state printer. In the House, the daily journal is available at the end of every session day, printed in hard copy for the next day and posted to the Internet immediately after completion; the final diurnal is posted during the interim between session (usually August or early September). 15. Kentucky. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted upon adjournment. 16. Louisiana. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted the next day; the final journal is posted within 90 days after sine die adjournment. In the House, the daily journal is posted the night after daily adjournment; the final journal is posted within 90 days after sine die adjournment. 17. Maine. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted as soon as it is completed. 18. Maryland. In the House, the final journal is posted after the printed copy. 19. Massachusetts. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted as soon as possible. 20. Michigan. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted as soon as possible after the session ends. In the House, the daily journal is posted the next day, and the final journal is posted at the end of the yearly session. 21. Nebraska. In the Unicameral, the daily journal is posted at the end of each legislative day; the final journal is posted approximately 60 days following sine die. 22. Minnesota. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted the next morning (usually before 8 a.m.), and the final journal is posted usually late in the year. In the House, the daily journal is posted two hours after session; the final journal is posted six months after adjournment. 23. Missouri. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted the same day upon completion. 24. Montana. In the House, the daily journal typically is posted one week following a daily session. 25. New Hampshire. In the House, the daily journal is posted at the adjourning of each daily session, which does not occur until the next session day. 26. North Carolina. In the House the final journal is posted upon completion of the hard bound journal. 27. North Dakota. For both chambers, the daily journal is posted approximately two to three hours after daily business is completed; the final journal is posted three weeks after the close of session.

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Table 10. Journals Available on the Internet, cont’d.

28. Ohio. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted following adjournment for the day and the journal’s completion. 29. Oklahoma. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted daily. In the House, the daily journal is posted daily after adjournment; the final journal is posted after everything has been proofed and all daily journals have been corrected (usually about September). 30. Oregon. In the House, the final journal is posted at the end of a session, following sine die adjournment. 31. Pennsylvania. In the House, the daily journal is posted about two or three months from the session day. 32. Tennessee. In the Senate the daily journal is posted one week later; the final journal is posted two months after the conclusion of the annual session. 33. Texas. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted daily when completed; the final journal is posted when corrections are completed. In the House, the daily journal is posted daily. 34. Utah. In the House, the daily journal is posted daily, each afternoon or evening as when the daily journal goes to print. 35. Vermont. In the Senate, the daily journal is posted two to three hours after the session ends. 36. Virginia. In the Senate, the final journal is posted six to eight months after session adjourns. In the House, minutes (summary of floor actions) are posted in real time; the final journal is posted later in the year, once it is completed. 37. Washington. In the Senate, the posting of the daily journal varies depending upon workload; the final journal is posted months after session adjourns sine die. 38. West Virginia. In the Senate, the daily journal typically is posted the following day; with the completion of the 2014 edition, final journals will be put online. In the House, the daily journal is posted daily by close of business (which may be in the early morning hours). 39. Wisconsin. In the Senate, the daily journal usually is posted by the next day. In the Assembly, the daily journal is posted the same day or within one to two days after a session day.

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Table 11. What the Display Board Shows to Chamber and Gallery

dment

State (1) No displayNo boards used are Individual member names and how is member each voting amendment or Bill number of order or Reading business amen or Bill sponsor author or Running vote total total Final vote Other Alabama H B B B H H 2 Alaska S S S S 3 Arizona B B B B B B Arkansas B B B B S B 4 California S S S S S Colorado H B B B H B 5 Connecticut S S S Delaware H Florida B B B B H B 6 Georgia Hawaii B Idaho H H B H H Illinois B B B B B B Indiana S S S S S Iowa H H H H H 7 Kansas S H H H H 8 Kentucky B S S Louisiana B B B B 9 Maine S S S S Maryland H H H H H Massachusetts S H H H H 10 Michigan B B B S S B Minnesota B B B S S B Mississippi H B S H Missouri S Montana H H H H H 11 Nebraska S S S S S S Nevada New Hampshire S H H 12 New Jersey New Mexico H B B B H B New York North Carolina H H H H H North Dakota B B B B B B

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Table 11. What the Display Board Shows to Chamber and Gallery, cont’d.

endment

State (1) No displayNo boards used are Individual member names and how is member each voting am or Bill number of order or Reading business amendment or Bill sponsor author or Running vote total total Final vote Other Ohio S Oklahoma B B B B B B Oregon H H H H H 13 Pennsylvania H H H H Rhode Island South Carolina H H H H H South Dakota Tennessee B B B B B Texas H B B S H Utah H H H H H H 14 Vermont S Virginia B B B B H B Washington S S S 15 West Virginia B B B H S B Wisconsin S H H H H Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Alabama. In the House, short title of the bill and the page number in the calendar where the bill can be located also are shown. 3. Alaska. In the Senate, the short title of the bill or resolution is shown. 4. Arkansas. In the House, the bill subtitle (short description) is shown. 5. Colorado. In the Senate, procedural motions, recesses, adjourn to time, current day video playback also are shown. In the House, the short title, prime sponsor and motion before the body are shown. 6. Florida. In the House, the first page of the actual bill or amendment currently under consideration is shown.

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Table 11. What the Display Board Shows to Chamber and Gallery, cont’d.

7. Iowa. In the House, the short title of the bill being considered is shown. 8. Kansas. In the House, the name of the amendment author or offeror is shown, but not a bill or resolution sponsor. 9. Louisiana. In the Senate, also shown are any motions, personal privilege, convening date and time, and special presentations (including PowerPoints). In the House, subsidiary or incidental motions are shown. 10. Massachusetts. In the House, if a vote is being taken on an amendment, the amendment number is displayed. 11. Montana. In the House, the presiding officer and clerk can see a running vote total. 12. New Hampshire. In the House, the motion is displayed. 13. Oregon. In the House, the name of a bill’s “carrier” would be displayed. 14. Utah. In the House, the bill’s floor sponsor from the “other” chamber is shown. 15. Washington. In the Senate, the short bill title is shown.

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Table 12. Method Used to Establish Whether Quorum is Present

State (1) The count is taken through an electronic voting system The count usually taken or by hand standing count, but use electronic of the mayvoting system requested be The count is always done by hand or standing out The count is taken throughoral roll an call Other Alabama H S Alaska S Arizona S H Arkansas H S California S Colorado H S Connecticut S Delaware H Florida B Georgia Hawaii S S 2 Idaho H S Illinois H Indiana S Iowa H Kansas H S Kentucky H S Louisiana B Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts H S S Michigan B S Minnesota B Mississippi H S Missouri Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H H S New Jersey New Mexico H S S New York North Carolina 3 North Dakota B

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Table 12. Method Used to Establish Whether Quorum is Present, cont’d.

ys is

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Hawaii. In the House, to establish that a quorum exists, clerks constantly count the number of members absent from the floor, as most votes are voice votes. 3. North Carolina. In the House, a quorum call is not taken at the beginning of a session.

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Table 13. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Committee of the Whole

system,

count, but a

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standing can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) is of the whole Committee of part regular a as used not bill processing on the floor for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always voting Electronic butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other Alabama B Alaska S S 2 Arizona B S Arkansas B California S Colorado B 3 Connecticut S Delaware H Florida B Georgia Hawaii H S Idaho B Illinois S S H H Indiana S Iowa H Kansas B 4 Kentucky S H Louisiana S H H Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts B Michigan H S Minnesota H S S Mississippi H S Missouri S Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire B New Jersey New Mexico H S New York

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Table 13. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Committee of the Whole, cont’d.

but a

State (1) is of the whole Committee of part regular a as used not bill processing on the floor for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always system, voting Electronic butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standing count, can vote (recorded) roll call requested be for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other North Carolina H North Dakota B Ohio Oklahoma H S Oregon H 5 Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee B Texas S H S Utah H Vermont S S Virginia B Washington S West Virginia B Wisconsin B Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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Table 13. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Committee of the Whole, cont’d.

3. Colorado. The Senate conducts its second reading (substantive discussion and amendment phase) as a committee of the whole. No votes are recorded during COW, and most are decided by a voice vote unless a division is called for, wherein members stand when ayes and nos are called. When the Senate reconvenes to consider the COW report, the final disposition of bills and amendments can be subjected to roll call votes; all such amendments to the COW report are recorded. 4. Kansas. In the House, a division may be requested by a single member; the voting system is used to determine the outcome but the vote is not recorded. Changing it to a roll call/recorded vote requires at least 15 members to raise their hands. 5. Oregon. The Oregon House does not amend on the floor.

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Table 14. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Second Reading

ine

l votes, and the votes are are the votes and l votes, Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determ to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standinga count, but can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) for system voting Electronic al recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other Alabama H S 2 Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas B California S Colorado B Connecticut S Delaware H Florida H H S Georgia Hawaii B Idaho Illinois S S H Indiana S S Iowa H H Kansas B 3 Kentucky B Louisiana H B 4 Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts H S Michigan H S Minnesota B B Mississippi B Missouri S Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H H H B New Jersey New Mexico H New York North Carolina H H North Dakota B

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Table 14. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Second Reading, cont’d.

not

recorded) vote can can vote recorded)

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standinga count, but ( call roll requested be State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other Ohio Oklahoma B Oregon 5 Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee S H Texas B S Utah Vermont S Virginia S B Washington S West Virginia H S Wisconsin H S Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Alabama. In the Senate, Amendments are not voted upon during second reading. Proposed amendments are offered in, voted on and reported out of a committee with the bill. The bill receives its second reading when the bill is reported out of committee. Once a bill receives its second reading, no action will take place on the bill until it is before the Senate for third reading. Amendments (committee or floor), substitutes (committee or floor), etc. are taken up at that time.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 14. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Second Reading, cont’d.

3. Kansas. In the House, a division may be requested by a single member; the voting system is used to determine the outcome but the vote is not recorded. Changing it to a roll call/recorded vote requires at least 15 members to raise their hands. 4. Louisiana. In the Senate, a vote typically is made without objection; if objection or other motion is made, an electronic vote is taken and the vote is recorded. 5. Oregon. The Oregon House does not amend on the floor.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 15. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Third Reading or Final Passage

ecorded

oice vote or or vote oice

Electronic voting system, Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are provide only recorded; pass/fail total for State (1) not are Amendments reading third on allowed or final passage system voting Electronic the votes and for votes, all r are always system voting Electronic roll call only a if is vote (recorded) requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for v Typically hand/standinga count, but vote (recorded) call roll requested be can (recorded) call roll Oral for all votes Other Alabama H S Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas B California S Colorado B Connecticut S Delaware H Florida H H S Georgia Hawaii B Idaho Illinois B Indiana Iowa H H Kansas H S Kentucky B Louisiana H B 2 Maine S Maryland H H Massachusetts H S Michigan B S Minnesota B Mississippi B Missouri S Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire S New Jersey New Mexico H S New York North Carolina H

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 15. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Third Reading or Final Passage, cont’d.

vote or

State (1) not are Amendments reading third on allowed or final passage system voting Electronic the votes and for votes, all record always are Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are provide only recorded; pass/fail total for system voting Electronic roll call only a if is vote (recorded) requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for Typically voice hand/standinga count, but vote (recorded) call roll requested be can (recorded) call roll Oral for all votes Other North Dakota B Ohio S Oklahoma B Oregon 3 Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H 4 South Dakota Tennessee S H Texas B Utah H Vermont S Virginia H S S Washington S West Virginia H H S Wisconsin B H Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 15. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments During Third Reading or Final Passage, cont’d.

2. Louisiana. In the Senate, when there is an objection to the adoption of an amendment, an electronic vote is taken and the vote is recorded. 3. Oregon. The Oregon House does not amend on the floor. 4. South Carolina. In the House, adoption of an amendment on third reading can be done if a motion is agreed to by the body; this usually is done only during third reading of the annual appropriation bill to allow for a correcting amendment.

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 41

ATTAHCMENT A

Table 16. How Votes are Taken on Procedural Motions Directly Related to a Bill during Floor Debate

ting system for

ll votes to determine

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count for a pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standinga count, but can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) vo Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other Alabama B Alaska S Arizona S B Arkansas B California S Colorado H B 2 Connecticut S Delaware H Florida H H S 3 Georgia Hawaii B Idaho H S Illinois B Indiana S Iowa H H Kansas B 4 Kentucky B Louisiana H B 5 Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts H S Michigan S Minnesota B B Mississippi B Missouri S Montana H H 5 Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H H H B New Jersey New Mexico H S New York North Carolina H

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 16. How Votes are Taken on Procedural Motions Directly Related to a Bill during Floor Debate, cont’d.

tem, unt, unt, but a

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standing co can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always sys voting Electronic butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other North Dakota B Ohio S Oklahoma H S Oregon H H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee S H Texas B S Utah H Vermont S Virginia S B Washington S West Virginia H S Wisconsin H S Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 16. How Votes are Taken on Procedural Motions Directly Related to a Bill during Floor Debate, cont’d.

3. Florida. In the House, House rules and practice has been to take a voice vote, but upon seeing five hands (as provided by constitution), the Speaker will order a machine (electronic) roll call vote. 4. Kansas. In the House, a division may be requested by a single member; the voting system is used to determine the outcome but the vote is not recorded. Changing it to a roll call/recorded vote requires at least 15 members to raise their hands. 5. Louisiana. In the Senate, when there is an objection to the adoption of a motion, an electronic vote is taken and the vote is recorded. 6. Montana. In the House, many procedural motions are spoke as “without objection” by the presiding officer; if a member objects, a roll call vote may be taken and recorded.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 17. How Votes are Taken on Motions that May Result in Final Action on a Bill during Floor Debate

he votes are not not are votes he

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standinga count, but can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting but t total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other Alabama H S Alaska S Arizona S S H Arkansas H S 2 California S Colorado H S S Connecticut S Delaware H Florida H H S 3 Georgia Hawaii B Idaho H S Illinois H S Indiana Iowa H H Kansas H S Kentucky B Louisiana B Maine S Maryland H 4 Massachusetts H S Michigan B Minnesota H S H Mississippi H S Missouri Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H H H B New Jersey New Mexico H S New York North Carolina H

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 17. How Votes are Taken on Motions that May Result in Final Action on a Bill during Floor Debate, cont’d.

g system

l votes Electronic votin Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standinga count, but can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral al Other North Dakota B Ohio S Oklahoma H H S 5 Oregon H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H 6 South Dakota Tennessee B Texas B Utah H Vermont S Virginia B Washington S West Virginia H S 7 Wisconsin H S Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 17. How Votes are Taken on Motions that May Result in Final Action on a Bill during Floor Debate, cont’d.

2. Arkansas. In the House, roll calls are taken on concurrence with Senate amendments and on veto overrides. 3. Florida. In the House, voice votes are taken on all motions; however veto overrides are voted on electronically and per constitution require a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting. 4. Maryland. In the House, a roll call vote is required for final passage of a bill and to override a veto. 5. Oklahoma. In both chambers, veto overrides are always recorded votes. 6. South Carolina. In the House, recorded votes are required for veto actions and the adoption of conference reports. 7. West Virginia. In the Senate, veto overrides require an electronic, recorded vote.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 18. How Votes are Taken on Miscellaneous Procedural Motions during Floor Debate

roll call (recorded) for for (recorded) call roll

r pass/fail Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standinga count, but can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; fo Oral all votes Other Alabama B Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas B California S Colorado S H Connecticut S Delaware H Florida H H S Georgia Hawaii B Idaho H S Illinois B Indiana Iowa H H Kansas B 2 Kentucky H S Louisiana H B 3 Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts H S Michigan H S Minnesota B B Mississippi B Missouri S Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H H H B New Jersey New Mexico S H New York North Carolina H North Dakota B

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 18. How Votes are Taken on Miscellaneous Procedural Motions during Floor Debate, cont’d.

equested

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if vote is r Voice vote or hand count determine to votes for all pass/fail total for or vote voice Typically hand/standinga count, but can vote (recorded) roll call requested be State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail for (recorded) call roll Oral all votes Other Ohio S Oklahoma B Oregon H H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee H Texas B S Utah H Vermont S Virginia S B Washington S West Virginia H S Wisconsin H S Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Kansas. In the House, a division may be requested by a single member; the voting system is used to determine the outcome but the vote is not recorded. Changing it to a roll call/recorded vote requires at least 15 members to raise their hands. 3. Louisiana. In the Senate, when there is an objection to the adoption of a motion, an electronic vote is taken and the vote is recorded.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 19. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments in Committee

for calls roll recorded but call roll recorded

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Hand - all votes Hand - is vote roll call only a if requested hand or vote voice Typically count, acall roll but may be vote d) (recorde requested Voice vote or hand count votes for all Other State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are tot provide only recorded; for pass/fail Alabama H S Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas B California S Colorado H S Connecticut S Delaware Florida B Georgia Hawaii S 2 Idaho H Illinois H S Indiana S 3 Iowa H Kansas H S Kentucky H S Louisiana H S 4 Maine S Maryland Massachusetts H Michigan B Minnesota S B Mississippi S H Missouri S Montana H H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H New Jersey New Mexico B New York North Carolina H North Dakota B

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 19. How Votes are Taken on Proposed Amendments in Committee, cont’d.

count

for calls roll recorded but call roll recorded

(recorded) call roll a ly if Electronic voting system system voting Electronic on isvote requested Hand - all votes Hand - is vote roll call only a if requested hand or vote voice Typically count, acall roll but be may vote (recorded) requested or hand Voice vote votes for all Other State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail Ohio S Oklahoma B Oregon H H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H H South Dakota Tennessee H Texas S H Utah H Vermont S Virginia H S S H Washington S West Virginia B B Wisconsin Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Hawaii. In the House, the only votes taken in standing committee are to pas as is, pass with amendments or hold; the chair makes the official recommendation for any amendments, so there are no votes for individual amendments. 3. Indiana. In the Senate, hand-recorded roll calls are taken unless the vote is taken by consent. 4. Louisiana. In the Senate, the secretary calls the roll; votes are entered electronically by the secretary when an objection is made to the adoption of an amendment.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 20. How Votes are Taken on Procedural Motions in Committee

for calls roll recorded but call roll recorded

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorde roll call only a if isvote requested Hand - all votes Hand - is vote roll call only a if requested hand or vote voice Typically count, acall roll but be may vote (recorded) requested Voice vote or hand count votes for all Other State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail Alabama B Alaska S Arizona S H Arkansas B California S Colorado H S Connecticut S Delaware H Florida B Georgia Hawaii S 2 Idaho S H Illinois H S Indiana Iowa H Kansas H S Kentucky H S Louisiana H S 3 Maine S Maryland Massachusetts H Michigan H S Minnesota S B Mississippi S H Missouri S Montana H H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico B New York North Carolina H North Dakota B

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 20. How Votes are Taken on Procedural Motions in Committee, cont’d.

nic voting system for for system voting nic for calls roll recorded but call roll recorded

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Hand - all votes Hand - is vote roll call only a if requested hand or vote voice Typically count, acall roll but be may vote (recorded) requested Voice vote or hand count votes for all Other State (1) Electro are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail Ohio S Oklahoma B Oregon H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H H South Dakota Tennessee H Texas H S Utah H Vermont S Virginia S B Washington S West Virginia B Wisconsin B Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Hawaii. In the House, there are no votes on procedural motions; chairs have the discretion to postpone or defer bills. 3. Louisiana. In the Senate, the secretary calls the roll; votes are entered electronically by the secretary when an objection is made to the adoption of an amendment.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 21. How Final Vote on a Bill Is Taken in Committee

for calls roll rded

reco but call roll recorded

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Hand - all votes Hand - is vote roll call only a if requested hand or vote voice Typically count, acall roll but be may vote (recorded) requested Voice vote or hand count votes for all Other State (1) for system voting Electronic are the votes and all votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail Alabama B Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas B California S Colorado B Connecticut S Delaware Florida B Georgia Hawaii B Idaho S H Illinois H S Indiana S Iowa H Kansas H S Kentucky B Louisiana H S 2 Maine S Maryland Massachusetts H Michigan B Minnesota S B Mississippi S H Missouri S Montana H H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire H S New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina H North Dakota B

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 21. How Final Vote on a Bill Is Taken in Committee, cont’d.

for calls roll recorded but call roll recorded

Electronic voting system system voting Electronic (recorded) roll call only a if isvote requested Hand - all votes Hand - is vote roll call only a if requested hand or vote voice Typically count, acall roll but be may vote (recorded) requested Voice vote or hand count votes for all Other State (1) for system voting Electronic the v otes and all are votes, recorded always Electronic system, voting butvotes the not are total provide only recorded; for pass/fail Ohio S Oklahoma H S Oregon H H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H H South Dakota Tennessee H Texas B Utah H Vermont S Virginia H S S Washington S West Virginia S H Wisconsin B Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 22. How Long A Roll Call Vote Typically Remains Open

State (1) Senate House Alabama Senator’s names are called in 10 seconds. alphabetical order; the vote is closed directly after the final senator’s name is called for a vote. Alaska 30 seconds. Arizona The roll call remains open until all The vote remains open until everyone members present have voted. present votes and everyone wishing to explain their vote has done so. Members are allowed five minutes to explain their votes. The average time for a roll call vote is two to five minutes. Arkansas Names are called in alphabetical order 10-15 seconds or until every member and votes are recorded. Members are has had an opportunity to vote. asked if anyone else desires to vote or to change their vote. Then we cast up the ballot. California The roll is open until completion of the roll. Colorado The roll is open as long as it takes to The vote is open for a few minutes. call the roll, with minimal additional The speaker asks “Have all members time for those who may initially may voted?” before he closes the roll. have passed when first called to vote. Connecticut Five minutes. Delaware Until the speaker tells the chief clerk to announce the results of the roll call vote. Florida Typically, the president asks twice if all By rule, the speaker is required to say senators have voted before directing the “Have all members voted?” twice board to be locked and the vote before he orders the board locked. recorded. Georgia Hawaii Members vote when their names are Only as long as it talks to call the roll. called; they may pass one time. If they fail to vote the second time, their vote automatically is cast as an “aye.” The roll call does not remain open beyond the time of the calling of the roll. Idaho It remains open until the presiding Less than one minute. officer announces the final vote. Illinois Two minutes or less. One minute or less. Indiana

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 22. How Long A Roll Call Vote Typically Remains Open, cont’d.

State (1) Senate House Iowa The voting machine is closed after the vote total is announced by the presiding officer; however, House rules allow members to record their votes up to 10 minutes after the voting machine is closed. By House rule, legislators who are participating in a conference committee or an administrative rules committee at the time of a House vote are allowed to vote up to 30 minutes after the voting machine is closed. Kansas The senators’ names are read; senators Usually three to five minutes; longer who are in the chamber must vote. if there is a call of the house on a final Senators are given an opportunity to action vote. change or explain their votes. The roll is then closed and the votes tallied. The process normally takes a few minutes to read the names and additional time if there are vote explanations. Kentucky Until all members present for the day have cast a vote or until call of the chair. Louisiana 30 seconds. Less than 30 seconds. Maine One to three minutes. Maryland Until the speaker takes the call, usually within a few seconds. Massachusetts As long as it takes for members to enter Typically two to four minutes, but at the chamber and vote. the discretion of the presiding officer, may be open for 22 minutes. Michigan One minute. Five minutes. Minnesota Usually less than one minute, but it can Less than one minute. remain open longer if we know a member is coming to vote. Mississippi Until the roll is called the second time. 10 seconds. Missouri Only as long as it takes to call members’ names alphabetically. Montana 10-15 seconds. Nebraska Less than three minutes. NA Nevada New Hampshire 30 seconds. New Jersey New Mexico 30 seconds.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 22. How Long A Roll Call Vote Typically Remains Open, cont'd.

State (1) Senate House New York North Carolina The rules provide 15 seconds, but it usually is 10 seconds. North Dakota Until each member present has voted. Until each member present has voted. Ohio During session or committee, a roll may remain open until adjournment at the discretion of the chair. Oklahoma Oregon 30 seconds by House rule. Pennsylvania 30-45 seconds. Rhode Island South Carolina Two minutes for a recorded roll call; 30 seconds for a division vote (pass/fail total). South Dakota Tennessee 30 seconds. Texas Usually closed as soon as all names The speaker determines how long the have been called, but on occasion, a vote is open, generally less than one vote will remain open for several minute. minutes while the floor is being worked. Utah Until the presiding officer determines that members have had adequate time to vote. Vermont Typically it is closed after going through the roll twice; occasionally held for a member to arrive from elsewhere in the statehouse. Virginia 10 seconds. About 15-30 seconds. Washington Four to five minutes. West Virginia Typically, a roll call vote is open for no 20-30 seconds. more than 10 seconds. Wisconsin Until all members in the chamber have Usually 45-60 seconds. voted. Wyoming

Key: NA=Not applicable. The Nebraska Legislature is unicameral.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 23. Ability to Change Vote While Voting System Is Open

change

State (1) A legislator cannot cannot A legislator it has after vote his/her cast been A legislator may change the as long as vote his/her the before occurs change clerk or officer presiding announces the final vote count Alabama B Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas H S California S Colorado B Connecticut S Delaware H Florida B Georgia Hawaii H S Idaho B Illinois B Indiana S Iowa H Kansas B Kentucky B Louisiana B Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts B Michigan B Minnesota B Mississippi B Missouri 2 Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire S H New Jersey New Mexico B New York North Carolina North Dakota B

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 23. Ability to Change Vote While Voting System Is Open, cont’d.

t has

State (1) A legislator cannot change change cannot legislator A i after vote his/her cast been A legislator may change the as long as vote his/her the before occurs change clerk or officer presiding announces the final vote count Ohio S Oklahoma B Oregon H Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H South Dakota Tennessee B Texas B Utah H Vermont S Virginia B Washington S West Virginia B Wisconsin B Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 24. Ability to Change Vote After Voting System Is Closed and Vote Count Has Been Announced

State (1) No, a legislator cannot cannot a legislator No, vote his/her change may a legislator Yes, but vote, his/her change of outcome the original the change vote not does Other Alabama B Alaska S Arizona B Arkansas H 2 California S Colorado B 3 Connecticut S Delaware 4 Florida B Georgia Hawaii B Idaho 5 Illinois H 6 Indiana S Iowa H Kansas S H 7 Kentucky B Louisiana S H Maine S Maryland H Massachusetts B 8 Michigan B Minnesota B Mississippi S H Missouri S Montana H Nebraska S Nevada New Hampshire S 9 New Jersey New Mexico S 10 New York North Carolina H North Dakota B

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 24. Ability to Change Vote After Voting System Is Closed and Vote Count Has Been Announced, cont’d.

State (1) No, a legislator cannot cannot a legislator No, vote his/her change may a legislator Yes, but vote, his/her change of outcome the original the change vote not does Other Ohio S Oklahoma B Oregon H 11 Pennsylvania H Rhode Island South Carolina H 12 South Dakota Tennessee H S Texas S 13 Utah 14 Vermont S 15 Virginia H 16 Washington S 17 West Virginia H 18 Wisconsin B Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

Notes: 1. The following chambers did not return a survey: Alaska House, California Assembly, Connecticut House, Delaware Senate, Georgia Senate and House, Indiana House, Iowa Senate, Maine House, Maryland Senate, Missouri House, Montana Senate, Nevada Senate and Assembly, New Jersey Senate and General Assembly, New York Senate and Assembly, North Carolina Senate, Ohio House, Oregon Senate, Pennsylvania Senate, Rhode Island Senate and House, South Carolina Senate, South Dakota Senate and House, Utah Senate, Vermont House, Washington House, and Wyoming Senate and House. 2. Arkansas. In the Senate, a member may submit a letter to the secretary of the Senate and it is placed in the journal along with the roll call vote. 3. Colorado. In the Senate, reconsideration would be required. 4. Delaware. In the House, reconsideration would be required.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 24. Ability to Change Vote After Voting System Is Closed and Vote Count Has Been Announced, cont’d.

5. Idaho. In the Senate, reconsideration would be required. In the House, a legislator may change his/her vote with unanimous consent of the body; the practice is discouraged, however. 6. Illinois. In the Senate, a member may announce that his/her intent was to vote a certain way, but the vote is not changed. The intent is reflected in the journal. 7. Kansas. After the roll is closed but before the final total is announced on final action, the presiding officer asks for changes of votes. A member raises his/her hand and may verbally change his/her vote. The clerk at the desk changes the vote in the system. 8. Massachusetts. In the Senate, a member may file a communication that is read by the clerk, indicating he/she was mistaken in his/her vote, but this does not affect the final vote. 9. New Hampshire. In the House, a member may notify the clerk’s office and it will be recorded in the permanent journal; however, it will not affect the outcome of the vote. 10. New Mexico. In the House, a vote change may occur, but it requires unanimous consent. 11. Oregon. In the House, a vote changes requires suspension of the House Rules. 12. South Carolina. In the House, a member may submit a written statement regarding his/her vote for the journal. 13. Texas. In the House, members may file a form that indicates they want to be shown in the journal as voting differently. This filing does not change the vote outcome, and it does not officially change their vote for the measure. It merely is a remark in the journal. 14. Utah. In the House, per House Rule 4-7-106a vote change requires unanimous consent of the members present and the result of the vote cannot change. 15. Vermont. In the Senate, a member’s vote “correction” may be entered in the journal, but it does not affect the outcome of the vote. 16. Virginia. In the Senate, a vote statement of intent may be added to the vote; the vote does not change. In the House, members not present when a vote is cast have a limited timeframe after a meeting within which they may cast a vote; it cannot change the outcome of a bill. 17. Washington. In the Senate, members are allowed to put a short statement in the journal. 18. West Virginia. In the Senate, reconsideration would be required.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 25. How Long After Voting System Is Closed May A Legislator Change Vote

n at

State (1) Before the floor sessio floor the Before is taken is vote the which adjourned Beforeend thethat of day legislative Other Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida 2 Georgia Hawaii Idaho H Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas 3 Kentucky 4 Louisiana H Maine Maryland 5 Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi H Missouri Montana H Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire H New Jersey New Mexico 6 New York North Carolina H North Dakota

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 25. How Long After Voting System Is Closed May A Legislator Change Vote, cont’d.

r State (1) Before the floor session at at session floor the Before is taken is vote the which adjourned Beforeend thethat of day legislative Othe Ohio Oklahoma Oregon H Pennsylvania 7 Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee S Texas S Utah 8 Vermont Virginia B Washington West Virginia Wisconsin 9 Wyoming

Key: B=Both chambers H=House or Assembly only S=Senate or Unicameral only

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 25. How Long After Voting System Is Closed May A Legislator Change Vote, cont’d.

3. Kansas. In the House, there is no stated time in the House Rules. However, the member must address the body and explain why he/she is changing; there must be unanimous consent to allow the change. 4. Kentucky. In the Senate, a member may cast a vote modification until sine die, but it will not change the outcome of the vote. In the House, a member must file a form with the House clerk to change a vote; there is no set time for completing the form. 5. Maryland. In the House, a vote must be changed before the end of the calendar day. 6. New Mexico. In the House, a vote change request must be done immediately. 7. Pennsylvania. In the House, there is no time limit. 8. Utah. In the House, the request must be made before the House moves to the next item of business and with the permission of members present. 9. Wisconsin. In the Senate, per Rule 73m, a legislator may change his/her vote immediately afte the next/following roll call vote. In the Assembly, a change can occur anytime; if it isn’t on the same day, a member may submit a letter to the chief clerk to be entered into the journal.

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ATTAHCMENT A

Table 26. Other Comments

Florida Senate On some issues, the Florida Constitution and Senate Rules dictate required vote and other procedures. Illinois House The voting system is managed in-house by a joint Senate-House IT group, rather than contract with an outside vendor. Massachusetts House Under House Rule 52, by unanimous consent, members are permitted to be recorded subsequent to the closing of a roll call. The member will announce how he/she would have voted to the clerk. The clerk will make note of the member’s vote. Subsequent to adjournment, the clerk’s office staff will edit the roll call by changing the “X” (which means that the member did not vote) to a “Y” or “N” reflecting the last vote. Subsequent to editing and verification, the roll calls are made available on the website. Nebraska Unicameral Besides electronic roll calls, it is the prerogative of any member to ask for a “Roll Call,” at which point the clerk proceeds to call the roll verbally and record each member’s vote on the voting system. This happens frequently. New Hampshire House The bulk of our votes are taken via voice vote. We use two electronic voting options—a division where we record numbers, not names and the roll call. New Mexico House We just rejected bids from three companies. We will go to bid again in April 2015, following session. We want a wifi and cloud connected system with voting on iPads. Virginia House On committee votes, a final action to report or refer is recorded; other final motions can be voice votes, but a recorded vote can be requested. Washington Senate Our standing committee voice votes are all “subject to signature.” The signatures on the bill sign-out sheets are the only votes that matter. West Virginia Senate An electronic voting system is not used in standing committees. All votes are by voice vote or by call of the roll, if requested Wisconsin Senate The Wisconsin Constitution Article 8, Section 8 contains certain provisions when a roll call vote is required. For committees, voice votes are allowed, but all votes are recorded individually in the record as voting. Wisconsin Assembly The Assembly may decide any question by a voice vote unless a roll call is ordered by the presiding officer or at the request of a member within 15 seconds or is required by state constitution, law or legislative rule. A roll call vote, with the ayes and noes entered in the journal is required for any Assembly decision that needs a special quorum or a special majority for final determination

National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2014 Page 67