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THE INCIDENCE of HUMAN TRAFFICKING in ONTARIO Ontario Coalition Research Initiative

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THE INCIDENCE of HUMAN TRAFFICKING in ONTARIO Ontario Coalition Research Initiative THE INCIDENCE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ONTARIO Ontario Coalition Research Initiative Authored by: Felicia Gabriele, Karlee Sapoznik, Anvar Serojitdinov and Elaine Williams Graphic Design by Taryn Plugers RESEARCH TEAM RESEARCH Contents of this report may not be reproduced without permission in writing from the authors. Copyright © June 2014. By Alliance Against Modern Slavery. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 // The Incidence of Human Trafficking in Ontario FELICIA GABRIELE Felicia Gabriele, BAH, MA, has a Master’s in History with concentrations in Slavery and Ab- olition, History of the British Empire, and Intellectual History. Her thesis, “Sense, Sensibil- ity, and Anti-Slavery: British Women’s Involvement in the Abolition of the Slave Trade,” fo- cused on the importance of women as anti-slavery writers, poets, consumers, and activists during the Age of Sensibility. These exceptional women inspired Felicia to fight modern slavery in her own day and age. She also holds a Bachelor’s degree in History and Politi- cal Science, with a minor in English Literature. Freedom of the individual is her favourite theme in both literature and in life. She continues to seek out opportunities that work towards this most important theme. KARLEE SAPOZNIK Karlee Sapoznik, BAH, MA, PhD (ABD) is an Adjunct Professor at Saint-Boniface University, and the President and Co-Founder of the Alliance Against Modern Slavery. She works with survivors, researches and publishes works on slavery in all of its forms, social justice and peace, human trafficking, human rights and development, transnational history, genocide and memory, women’s and gender history, the Holocaust and forced marriage. She has represented Canada academically and as part of anti-slavery, anti-trafficking and genocide research projects abroad in Sierra Leone, Mali, Italy, England, Spain, Ukraine, Israel and the United States. She has contributed to various journals and online blogs. Her first book, The Letters and Other Writings of Gustavus Vassa (alias Olaudah Equiano, the African): Doc- umenting Abolition of the Slave Trade, was published in January 2013 by Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton. ANVAR SEROJITDINOV Anvar Serojitdinov, BAH, MA, has a Master’s in Geopolitics and International Relations, and a Master’s in International Security and Defence. He gained knowledge and expertise on issues of forced labour, human trafficking, and assistance to refugees through his work at the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), and at the International Organization for Migration (IOM). In 2009, Anvar authored a chapter on patterns of human trafficking in “Strategies Against Human Trafficking: The Role of the Security Sector” for the National Defence Acad- emy and Austrian Ministry of Defence and Sports. He also contributed to the publication of a number of research papers on human trafficking while working as Research Project Officer managing the IOM’s Global Human Trafficking Database. Anvar is interested in -is sues of migration, forced labour, human trafficking, refugee movement, resettlement and reintegration. ELAINE WILLIAMS Elaine Williams, BAH, MSc, has a Master’s in Migration and Ethnic Studies. Her thesis re- search focused on how Dutch labour unions could successfully organize domestic work- ers during a time of heightened nationalism. She also holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Labour Studies and Political Science. She currently works as an immigration law clerk at Egan LLP. She holds extensive knowledge of labour trafficking issues and is committed to research so that newly gained knowledge can be applied in order to combat modern day slavery. Elaine is passionate about achieving social justice and equal human rights in Canada as well as globally. Alliance Against Modern Slavery Ontario Coalition Research Initiative // Page 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the financial support received for this project from the Ontario Trillium Foundation. Our sincere thanks also go to the dozens of men and women who met with us in-per- son and over the phone. Survivors, front-line service providers, lawyers, law enforce- ment, community members, researchers, social workers and activists from across the province of Ontario and country of Canada shared their experiences and invaluable insights through informal and formal interviews. Jennifer Richardson, Provincial Child Sexual Exploitation Specialist and StreetReach Winnipeg Coordinator for the Prov- ince of Manitoba, was particularly helpful. Similarly, the participation of Jill Trites and Timea Nagy of Walk-With-Me Canada Victim Services was invaluable. Our thanks also go to Chris Jobson who created the maps in this report and to Taryn Plugers for her creativity and hard work as our Graphic Designer. Lastly, this study would not have come to fruition without the numerous volunteer hours of the research team, the encouragement and support of the hard-working members of the ad-hoc Ontario Coalition Against Human Trafficking. Page 4 // The Incidence of Human Trafficking in Ontario PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS The following organizations contributed to this report, either by sharing data through formal interviews, by providing gen- eral information and statistics, by giving overall feedback and recommendations, or by participating in Ontario Coalition meetings. • ACT Alberta • Ottawa Coalition to End Human Trafficking • Across Languages • PACT Ottawa • Aim Kincardine • Pathways to Education • Barbara Schlifer Commemorative Clinic • Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada • British Columbia Office to Combat Trafficking • Peel Regional Police Services in Persons • People’s Church • Canadian Council for Refugees • Providing Resources Offering Supports • Canadian Women’s Foundation • Rahab Ministry / Youth Unlimited • Chatham Kent Women’s Centre • Rainy River District Women’s Shelter of Hope • Chrysalis Network • RCMP Human Trafficking National Coordination Centre • Covenant House Toronto • Salvation Army, Thunder Bay • Crime Stoppers • Sandgate Women’s Shelter • Deborah’s Gate • Sexual Assault Rape Crisis Centre of Peel • Defend Dignity • Sexual Assault Survivors Centre Sarnia-Lambton • Evergreen Centre for Street Youth, Younge Street Mission • Sexual Assault Treatment Centre, SafeKids • FCJ Refugee Centre • Sisters of St. Joseph Canada • Free-Them • Sisters of Notre Dame • Guelph Police • South Asian Legal Clinic of Ontario • Halton Regional Police • StreetReach Winnipeg • House of Sophrosyne • The Forced Marriage Project, Agincourt Community • International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Crimi- Services Association nal Justice Policy • Thunder Bay Indian Friendship Centre • International Justice Mission • Thunder Bay Police • Interval House Ottawa • Toronto Counter Human Trafficking Network • Legal Assistance of Windsor • Toronto Police • London Anti-Human Trafficking Committee/Salvation • Verite Army • Victim Services Niagara • Loretto Sisters • Victim Services of Leeds and Grenville, VCARS • Men Against Sexual Trafficking • Victim Services of Perth County • Migrant Worker Justice • Victim/Witness Assistance Program • Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration • Walk With Me Canada Victim Services • Ministry of the Attorney General • Waterloo Regional Police Service • Ministry for Social Justice, Peace, and Care of the Earth, • William W. Creighton Youth Services Sisters of St. Joseph of Toronto • Windsor-Essex Children’s Aid Society • Multicultural Council of Windsor and Essex County • Windsor Police • National Association of Indian Friendship Centres • Women’s Support Network of York Region • Native Women’s Association of Canada • Windsor Essex Fighting the Internatial Growth of • Ontario Association of Children’s Aid Societies Human Trafficking • Ontario Coalition of Agencies Serving Immigrants • Windsor Women Working With Immigrant Women • Ontario Chiefs of Police • Woodgreen Community Services • Ontario Victim Services Secretariat • York Regional Police • Ontario Victim Support Line • You Are Home • Ontario Native Women’s Association • YMCA Toronto • Operation Springboard Alliance Against Modern Slavery Ontario Coalition Research Initiative // Page 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 About the Alliance Againt Modern Slavery 8 Human Trafficking in Ontario - The Tip of the Iceberg 9 Research Goals and Purposes 11 Methodology 12 Research Findings 15 Policy Recommendations 38 Conclusion 39 Endnotes 40 Bibliography 42 Appendix A - Quantitive Data Intake Form 44 Appendix B - Consent Form and Definition Clarification 50 Appendix C - The 4 Ps 51 Page 6 // The Incidence of Human Trafficking in Ontario INTRODUCTION The seeds of this research project were planted on October 15, 2011, when hun- dreds of Ontarians attending the Alliance Against Modern Slavery’s Annual Conference called upon federal, provincial and municipal governments to step up the fight against human trafficking in Ontario.1 On October 16, 2011, front line service providers, NGOs, researchers, survivors, experiential workers, activists, law enforcement personnel and government officials from across the province convened for a non-partisan, non-denominational, multi-disciplinary meeting. This informal, ad-hoc coalition identified the urgent need for evidence-based research on human trafficking. As we write this report in 2014, there remains a crucial lack of data on human trafficking in Ontario (and Canada at large) beyond anecdotal stories. To make systemic changes that can remove men, women and children
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