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Assessment of the Tourist Potential of the Belarusian Polesie

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FRANKFURT ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION “BAHNA” ASSESSMENT OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL OF THE BELARUSIAN POLESIE Prepared in accordance with contract No. FZS-1 dated 01 July, 2020 Minsk, 2020 CONTENTS Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Basic terms and definitions …………………………………………………………….. 4 I The state of agro- and ecotourism in Belarus and in the Polesie region…………. 5 1. Agro-ecotourism …………………………………………………………………. 5 2. Ecotourism ……………………………………………………………………….. 7 2.1. Ecotourism based on protected areas ……………………………….. 7 2.2. Ecotourism based on the forest fund …………………………………. 9 3. Water tourism ……………………………………………………………………. 13 II Conditions for tourism business …………………………………………………….. 14 1. General legal conditions …………………..................................................... 14 2. Conditions for issuing loans for agro-estates ………………………………… 14 3. Results of a survey of agro-ecotourism entities in Polesie …………………. 16 III Tourism Economics …………………………………………………………………. 18 IV Rural tourism and ecotourism in the EU ………………………………………….. 24 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………………… 26 Recommendations ……………………………………………………………………… 29 2 INTRODUCTION Belarus is a country with significant and largely underestimated tourism potential, including for the development of ecotourism. Whereas Polesie is one of the regions with a rich natural and cultural heritage. It is undoubtedly important to preserve this heritage in the most natural state and at the same time use its potential for the purposes of sustainable development of the region, where about 2 million people live, as well as for the growth of the economy of the entire country. In this study, we focus on economic aspects in order to assess the current state of tourism in rural areas, as well as tourism based on the sustainable use of natural potential (ecotourism). Among our tasks is a primary assessment of the efficiency and prospects of investments in this sector, determination of its potential for achieving the goals of socio- economic development. In our research, forecasts and conclusions, we proceed from the assumption that the problem of the COVID-19 pandemic will be overcome. In addition, the political situation will be stable, which will allow the tourism sector to develop in a standard manner without any serious exceptions and restrictions. Fig. 1. Belarusian Polesie. Within the boundaries, according to estimates of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 3 BASIC TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Tourism is a tourist trip, as well as the activities of legal entities, individuals, including individual entrepreneurs for its organization. Inbound tourism is a tourist trip of foreign citizens and stateless persons, with the exception of permanent residents of the Republic of Belarus within the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Domestic tourism is a tourist trip of citizens of the Republic of Belarus, as well as foreign citizens and stateless persons permanently residing in the Republic of Belarus within the territory of the Republic of Belarus.1 Agro-ecotourism is an activity aimed at familiarizing tourists with the natural and cultural potential of the republic, national traditions in the process of recreation, health improvement, temporary stay in agro-estates.2 Ecotourism is a responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people and involves interpretation and education.3 Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.4 1 Law of the Republic of Belarus dated November 25, 1999 N 326-З "On Tourism" 2 Decree dated October 9, 2017 No. 365 "On the development of agro-ecotourism" 3 The International Ecotourism Society (TIES, 2015). https://ecotourism.org/news/ties-announces- ecotourism-principles-revision/ 4 Bruntland Commission, United Nations General Assembly, 1987. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5839GSDR%202015_SD_concept_definiton_r ev.pdf 4 I THE STATE OF AGRO- AND ECOTOURISM IN BELARUS AND IN THE POLESIE REGION 1. Agro-ecotourism Agro-ecotourism is a steadily growing segment of the tourism industry in Belarus. The average annual growth in the sector's revenue during the five-year period (in 2016-2019) amounted to 20.8%. At the end of 2019, the amount of funds received in payment for the services of agro-ecotourism entities reached 25.5 million BYN (10.9 million EUR at the average annual rate of the National Bank), or almost 10% of the revenue of the entire tourism industry in the country. The number of agro-ecotourism entities has steadily increased: over 4 years by 22% to 2,760 in 2019. At the same time, the growth of proceeds occurred not so much in an extensive way due to an increase in the number of agro-ecotourism entities, but rather intensively due to an increase in the flow of tourists served per agro-estate. Tab. 1. The main indicators of the agro-ecotourism entities in Belarus (Belstat data) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Number of agro- 2,263 2,279 2,319 2,473 2,760 ecotourism entities Number of tourists served 294.3 301.8 351.1 422.3 514.8 by agro-ecotourism entities, thousand people citizens of the 261.3 271.4 317.5 379.2 465.7 Republic of Belarus citizens of other 32.9 30.4 33.6 43.1 49.0 countries Average length of stay, 4 4 4 5 2 days Amount received as 119.6 14.6 17.2 20.0 25.5 payment for services rendered, BYN mln The number of foreign tourists served by agro-estates grew steadily. However, an imbalance has formed in the service market: in 2019, 70% of the flow of foreign tourists came to the Russian Federation, while the share of the EU and other non-CIS countries totaled was only about 20%. An analysis by region also points to imbalances in development. Official statistics record a significant lag in the Homel region, which accounts for about half of the Belarusian Polesye, in terms of the number of agro-ecotourism entities and the number of tourists served. Moreover, there was a decrease in the number of agro-ecotourism entities in the region compared to 2015. In addition, the region lags far behind in serving foreign tourists, whose share was only 2.1% here (Fig. 2 and 3). 5 Fig. 2. The number of agro-ecotourism entities by regions (Belstat data) Fig. 3. Regional distribution of tourists served by agro-ecotourism entities in 2019, as a percentage of the total (Belstat data) The Belarusian market for agro-ecotourism services is entering a state of maturity and is consolidating. Tourist clusters are emerging, within which agro-estates cooperate with farms, museums, nature reserves and forestry enterprises, offering tourists a range of services and entertainment. The period of rapid growth in the number of agro-estates gave way to a period when their owners begin to actively compete with each other, attracting tourists with unique services, a developed recreation infrastructure, and the sale of souvenirs and other products. The demand of agro-ecotourism entities for credit support is slightly decreasing, but at the same time the need for expert and consulting support is growing.5 5 Data of the joint press conference of JSC "Belagroprombank" and Belarusian Association of Agro- and Ecotourism “Country Escape” dated February 27, 2020 6 2. Ecotourism Despite the absence in the Belarusian legislation of a precise definition of “ecotourism” and system statistics for this sector, we will also try to assess its development. In our research, we will be guided by the definition of the International Ecotourism Society (TIES, 2015). Thus, by ecotourism in Belarus, we mean services not related to the organization of hunting and fishing, provided by the administrations of specially protected natural areas, forestry enterprises, agro-estates and other entities of tourist activity. In recent years, such forms of ecotourism as safari travel, combining educational recreation and active entertainment, as well as tours along eco-trails with walking and cycling, rafting on rivers on boats and rafts, bird watching, photo hunting have been developed in Belarus. 2.1. Ecotourism based on protected areas In the understanding of the Ministry of Natural Resources, ecotourism is a tourist trip, as well as the activities of legal entities, individuals, including individual entrepreneurs, to organize it in specially protected natural areas in order to study the natural and cultural heritage and get positive emotions from communicating with nature, viewing cultural values in the absence of negative impact on natural complexes and objects, promoting the conservation of biological and landscape diversity of natural ecological systems, sustainable development of regions and improving the well-being of the local population. From our point of view, ecotourism can not be limited only by the boundaries of protected natural territories. Although it is generally accepted that these territories can play a key role in the development of the tourism sector. Moreover, it should be understood that tourism is a type of economic activity that carries a recreational load on natural ecosystems. In this regard, the development of tourism in protected areas should be scientifically substantiated and monitored as much as possible corresponding to the concept of "ecotourism" to ensure the preservation of the environment. The Belarusian authorities have identified a list of 39 perspective protected natural areas for tourism development. Among them are 4 national parks and 35 reserves of republican significance.
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