p o o o o o o o o o o o o o o.

Still no Three more political parties ... NewC< democracy are legalized in Spain £ b e l i u s :F / ° S ? T T ^ l t h a t the Government's decision closes i MadmLJulUrlO meant that he w o u l d be allowed in Spain, me Spanish Government this to enter Spain i n the near weekend legalized a p o l i t i c a l future. He and his family, who theFra party headed by a claimant to might be compared with the senator says the tate of K i n g Juan Jacobites, were-fexpelled by Gen- F r o m H a r r y Debelius Carlos, and two other parties eral Franco i n December, 1969 chapter M a d r i d , J u l y G ^ ~ "to the left of the Communist shortly after the dictator had F r o m W i l l i a m CI; Democracy has not yet been ; P a i l y . p u b l i c l y named ; P r i n c e J u a n M a d r i d , J u l y 13 I established in Spain, according S e ñ o r R o d o l f o M a r t í n V i l l a , Carlos as his eventual successor. Spain's 350 ele; to the Interior Minister, said, yes- the L i b e r a l monarchist A l l three of the newly legal- men a n d 248 SE senator who got the most votes ; terday that the new Govern- ized parties presented candi- I ment of Señor Suárez had them appointed J in the general election last dates in the June general elec- Carlos, took thai; month. I decided to grant legal recog- tion, but not under the names . nition to the Carlist Party, first time today; Senator Joaquín Satrústegui's or symbols of their parties. They democratic Corte! remarks, reported in M a d r i d ; Whose president is Prince used a legal loophole which ; Carlos H u g o de B a r b ó n , as well since the C i v i l W ¡ newspapers today, were made at allowed the presentation of " i n The opening I : a dinner in the city in his « r *i *° i '-j3u* í ^eyoiutiortiajy dependent V Candidates.'' five emotional m l honour last nisht. Representa- ; Workers* ••.Organlzatmtwi (ORT) - \ Several hundred members of years of history i t p a n i h W o r k tives of nearly all the main S £ l L V n - r ^ ^ e r s ' the P T E celebrated their legal- appear and a nej political parties attended. ^arty ( P T E ) . H e said that ization with a peaceful demon- opened. S e ñ o r j The Senator said : " A n im- other parties awaiting legaliza- stration i n M a d r i d yesterday the 74-year-olcj portant step has been taken, tion -would be recognized M a d r i d , J u l y 10.—Carrying writer, and Sej : k n a but all the (political) forces T ^ L r »I c P s a c k s and nationalist flags, I b a r r u r i , the 82* must accept the responsibility Immediately after the .Basque activists set out today dent of the Span; of askin? for the necessary announcement, the state-Tun on - a ' , 1,125-mile " f r e e d o m Party, who was; sacrifices ". national radio interviewed M a r c h " for regional autonomy Pasionaria in ¿ t i The M a d r i d daily Diario-16 representatives of the various and amnesty helped preside J q u o t e d . h i m as saying that the parties by telephone, including • The march w i l l end on A u g - gress. 1 f j new Government of S e ñ o r P n n c e Carlos H u g o i n France ust 28 in V i t o r i a . It began T h e y are the'b S u á r e z is u n l i k e l y t o , be very and the secretary-general of . from four separate points i n the of the lower he successful. " When it has to ask party. Senor Jose M a r í a de Basque region. It has not been I were in exile for the whole country—workers as Zabala, m V i e n n a . authorized by the Government, 1¡S£. S e ñ o r A l b e r t i , j well as businessmen—to make I h e p n n c e hailed the mea- but is not expected to be Bi'flvclvet jacket ai sacrifices. Those who ask for sure and said that he assumed banned—UPI. coloured tie, cá them should represent those file with h i m am who are going to pay the a minute as if j consequences. . . . a poem. " I t looks to me like a hard task because they do not have Upstairs, in th a majority of the votes. A n d Victory parade replaced by Armed Forces Day tee r o o m Sennj even if they had it, they must Irujo, the Justic face matters which affect the the former R e p u mass of workers, who are not Españolament, who rerun' represented in the Govern- Spanish military play a new role i: yesterday for t ment ". since Franco's vie Senator Satrustegui said that F r o m W i l l i a m Chjslett J—-r— regime into a professional the Deputy P r i m e M i n i s t e r for J \ - i preside over the Defence, and Senor J u l i o ! X • ; 1 he expects Parliament to finish Û M a d r i d , J u l y 11 force in a democracy. It had He is a senator ) its ork on a new constitution The annual military " victory about 300 members. Busauets, a former member of'*- Nationalist Party by November. Its first official p a r a d e " to recall Gentral Spain has traditionally given the illegal Democratic M i l i t a i y ^p"* It was a s t r á i U n i o n and a former major,. i ' plenary session, on J u l y 22, w i l l Franco's victory in the Spanish a preponderant role to the r for many to entei be addressed by K i n g Juan C i v i l W a r , was replaced this armed forces. Before the C i v i l who is now a Socialist deputy I the first time ) Carlos. year by one celebrating the W a r , under K i n g Alfonso X I I I for Barcelona. I "J Only a few, i '" Day of the A r m e d Forces ". there were 16,926 A r m y The m a n behind the changes - ^ v , « Pasionaria ", hat Just over a year ago L i e u - officers for 148,423 men. Latest i n the armed forces is General , . building before.' tenant-General Alvarez Arenas, figures for the A r m y reveal Gutierrez M e l l a d o , who was l she spoke the who was then Minister of the that there are 25,241 officers appointed by Senor Suarez, thei'%. country was o n A r m y , said that the parade was for 220,000 men which puts the Prime Minister, last September? . , ' c i v i l war i n 193E to celebrate the victory over officer-men ratio at the same to replace General Fernando; ~ -* to Fascist gangst 5*i communism. W i t h the level of about one officer for de Santiago y Diaz de Mendi-;-•>.-'•~^fpg J o s é M a r i a G i l Communist Party legalized, the every nine men. The Navy has v i l , a conservative officer. . of the right-win parade was given a new mean- a further 40,000 men, including General Gutierrez M e l l a d o a t | " W e are present ing. officers, and the- A i r Force 65 is the oldest membeer of service for dem Just before the announce- about 35,000. the new Cabinet where average? Today's sessio ment, the clandestine Demo- In General Franco's last age is 45. He has earned the;' new baptism. cratic M i l i t a r y Union decided Cortes (Parliament) there respect of the Opposition i n , A f t e r the shoo to disband itself. The union were 13 m i l i t a r y men, most of his difficult task of giving the \ Congress adjourr had been created by young them by appointment, i n the armed forces a non-poliricailjl, 1 and a half whii liberal-minded officers who new Cortes, the only two m i l i - role, and confers regularly ^ were made to eh wanted to change the armed tary men are Lieutenant-Gen- with the K i n g and with Senor- In the Cortes forces from being a tool of the eral M a n u e l Gutierrez M e l l a d o , Suarez. ' *. :,• • W Ibarruri told m rejuvenated Cort Dressed as al she s i p p e d her the other end o l M a n u e l F r a g a I) Peseta devalued by 20 pe as part Interior M i n i s t e the neo-Franc A l l i a n c e , rubbed of rescue for Spanish economy opposition leac TRANSICIÓN imprisoned last N o comments F r o m H a r r y Debelius tion over the next few months parliamentary opposition to he passed by P i M a d r i d , J u l y 12 until the Government can bring Premier Adolfo Suarez, who Tamames, thjE Devaluation of the peseta by it under control. heads the Centre Democratic economist, and S 20 per cent is part of a series W h i l e the move w i l l make im- U n i o n , said, after being called Camacho, leadei of tough economic measures by ports more costly, increasing to the Premier's office for con- kers' C o m m i s s i ! die Spanish Government de- the country's energy b i l l i n par- sultation in the midst of yester- munist-dominatei signed to put the economy back ticular, it w i l l make Spanish day's Cabinet meeting, " it who were both j on its feet within two years. exports more competitive and sounds like sweet music to me." S e ñ o r F r a g a 1 The Bank of Spain today hopefully bring them out of to himself after S e ñ o r Augustin Rodriguez fixed the rate of exchange at the present period of stagna- humiliating defe Sahagun, promoter of the 87.3 pesetas per dollar for tion. . , , j , 15 general ele; Spanish management confedera- buyers and 87.5 for sellers, T i m i n g of the devaluation obtained o n l y tion, said i n M a d r i d this morn- may have been influenced by w o u l d not be dr when the foreign exchange mar- ing before the extent of the in M a d r i d today the fact that energy conserva- ing the future ( ket reopened devaluation was announced, that after yesterday's shutdown. tion measures are apparently H e said he s t i l l he shares the ideals and objec- beginning to have some effect. a conservative T h e current exchange rate tives of the Government, as one of the re placed a value on the peseta, Spain used 8 per cent less in announced by S e ñ o r C a m u ñ a s , formed the with regard to the dollar, lower petroleum products during the with the exception of a few because he saw than at any other time in the first five months of this year points. He added that he was swinging after.: history of the Spanish mone- than i n the same period in 1976. not surprised by the statement G e n e r a l Franco. tary unit, the lowest previous The biggest decrease was in the of the Government's programme. C e r t a i n l y lool parity was 70 to the dollar i n consumption of fuel o i l , which Caroline A t k i n s o n .writes : Other Í Cortes, the •[ 1967. In 1930 a dollar bought dropped by more than 22 per currencies had a quiet dav on swung. S e ñ o r j only 9.75 pesetas. cent. B y contrast, petrol con- the foreign exchanges yester- i new parliament' The pound sterling, worth sumption went up by nearly 4 day. The dollar picked up 1 : w o r k " (his only about 119 pesetas last per cent. slightly against most European j The economic programme legendary), há Fundaciónweekend, is worth nearly 150 currencies, closing at 2-29 /••<•' proved. *' This i pesetas after the devaluation. outlined shortly after midnight against the Deutsche mark. Its Some foreign bankers felt i n a national radio broadcast tir.» f o r me ", he adi rate against the yen was also r ¿ i that the readjustment i n the by the Minister i n charge of up at 264. Sterling improved C o n t i n u e d < value of the peseta was slightly parliamentary relation, S e ñ o r with the dollar to close 0.3 up greater than required at the Ignacio C a m u ñ a s , Was generally in effective terms, at 61.0, with v ...... moment, but they pointed out well received. an unchanged dollar rate of that the measure was sound, S e ñ o r Felipe González, sec- 1.72. allowing for the additional im- retary general of the Spanish pact of continuing severe infla- Socialist W o r k e r s ' Party, the M o r e medicine, page 21 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooôo o o o

Ñew Cortes closes the Franco chapter From W i l l i a m Chislett Madrid, July 13 Spain's 350 elected congress- men and 248 senators, 41 of them appointed by K i n g Juan Carlos, took their seats for the first time today i n the first democratic Cortes (Parliament) since the C i v i l W a r . The opening session lasted J five emotional minutes when 40 I years of history seemed to dis- 1 appear and a hew chapter was lopened. S e ñ o r Rafael A l b e r t i , •the 74-year-old communist •writer, and S e ñ o r a Dolores JLBARRURI, the 82-year-old presi- IDENT of, the Spanish Communist •Party, who was known as L a •Pasionaria in the C i v i l W a r , ' •helped preside over the Con-: IGRESS. They are the oldest members of the lower house and both vere in exile for 38 years. S e ñ o r A l b e r t i , wearing a blue velvet jacket and a brightly J c o l o u r e d tie, carried . a thick HFILE with him and i f looked for

HA ..minute as, if he would t r e a d H | a poem. ""• O Upstairs, i n the old commit- Española HTEE room S e ñ o r M a n u e l de : M l r u j ó , the Justice M i n i s t e r ' i n L a P a s i o n a r i a " (left) t a k e s h e r seat i n the n e w Parliament. In the c e n t r e w i t h h i s h a n d o n h i s fa c e i s S e ñ o r A l b e r t i . ^ t h e former Republica n Govern- IMENT, who returned, to M a d r i d congressmen i n the corridors, Gone was the old formal dress The K i n g w i l l formally open lyesterday for the first time along which are h u n g portraits of the previous Cortes. The the Cortes on J u l y 22. ISINCE Franco's victory, helped to New Cortes^ of previous Cortes presidents. Democratic Centre U n i o n almost T h e distribution of seats i n [preside over the Senate session.; T h e corridors _ echoed w i t h to a m a n were impeccably the new Parliament, according I IS H e a senator for the Basque fresh political views, for the dressed i n summer suits and to the official and long-delayed I Nationalist Party. , £ m gives up o n l y politics spoken i n them ties except for a few like one results, is : It was A strange experience for the past 38 years were those representative from . Barcelona, Congress of Deputies ( L o w e r I for many to enter the Cortes for of General Franco's National a member of an o l d gypsy House), 350 seats. Centre Demo- I the first time i n their lives. formal dress Movement. The dictator's ,last family, who sported a bright cratic U n i o n , 166. Spanish I Only a few, such as " L a Continued from page 1 _ Cortes voted itself out of office red open necked silk shirt. Socialist W o r k e r s ' Party, 118. Pasionaria", had been i n the last November a n d the new one Spanish Communist Party, 20. I building before. The last time Cameras flashed incessantly One communist wore jeans was elected on June 15. . and Senor F i l i p e Gonzalez, sec- Popular A l l i a n c e , 16. Democratic I SHE spoke there—when the when Senor A d o l f o Suarez, the Pact for Catalonia, 9. Basque ... A f t e r the adjournment, the retary-general of the Spanish j country was on the b r i n k of' Nationalist Party, 6. Socialist wbar £ to 'i be f fgreeted i X * first«t2t?U£r- by Senor C o n g a s election went ahead W o r k e r s' Socialist Party, looked c i v i l war i n 1936—she referred M n/[„„ e ml,„„„ b e r s ...„u.„j walked to„„ „ithe p o d i u m U n i t y , 6. Others, 9. distinctly uncomfortable wear- ] TO Fascist gangsters after S e ñ o r Santiago Carrillo,- the C o m - where their names were c a l l e d ing a tie. H i s dislike of ties is Senate ( U p p e r House), 248 I J o s é M a r i a G i l Robles, leader munist Party secretary-general. to cast their vote i n an o l d a constant joke i n the Spanish seats (207 elective plus 41 by I OF the right-wing Ceda, s a i d : " I feel very happy and tran- wooden u r n . , S e ñ o r A l b e r t i and 1 W e are present at the funeral q u i l ", Senor Suarez told me. press. r o y a l appointment). Centre " L a Pasionaria " were respon- Democratic U n i o n , 105. Spanish I service for democracy." "I hope I shall be able to sible fo r h e l p i n g to count the Senor A l v a r e z de M i r a n d a , Socialist W o r k e r s ' Party, 47. Today's session was l i k e a attend a l l the sessions." - voting slips. the Christian Democratic leader, Independent Electors' Group, 9. I new baptism. Later, w i t h his a r m r o u n d The c a l l i n g of names was was elected Congress president A f t e r the short opening,.the the shoulders of S e ñ o r Ignacio faster than the depositing of pending the w o r k i n g out of Democratic Senate, 6. Catalon- [Congress adjourned for an hour, C a m u ñ a s , the M i n i s t e r for the votes so when S e ñ o r Fraga's Cortes regulations. Senor ian Socialists, 6. A u t o n o m y and a half while preparations Cortes, who had been convass- name was called, S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o A n t o n i o Fontan, a l i b e r a l of the F r o n t , 5. Democratic U n i t y , 3. were made to elect A president. i n g views on the election of a was casting his vote, w h i c h centre, was elected president of Senators for Democracy, 3. In the Cortes bar, S e ñ o r a president, S e ñ o r S u á r e z greeted raised many a smile. the Senate. Others, 23. Ibarruri told me : " This is A rejuvenated Cortes." ' . Dressed AS always i n black, she sipped her coffee WHILEJTT MB the "other end OF the bar Sefiejf M a n u e l F r a g a Iribarne, f o r m e r , Interior M i n i s t e r and head of Spanish police face court martial the neo-Francoist ; Popular TRANSICIÓN . : A l l i a n c e , rubbed shoulders.with F r o m H a r r y Debelius men, they w i l l be represented T h e i r demands, -which were opposition leaders HE had by m i l i t a r y defence counsellors. J l met subsequently by the Gov- M a d r i d , J u l y 14 <0 a imprisoned last year. They are not allowed to be de- A group of policemen who ernment of S e ñ o r Suárez, inclu- yen . No comments were made AS took part i n an unauthorized fended by c i v i l i a n lawyers. ded a pay rise of 10,000 pesetas HE passed BY Professor R a m o n demonstration face sentences of The first eight to be tried (about £68 at current exchange Tamames, the Communist from 18 months to 10 years if include four C i v i l Guards a n d rates) per month, and retire- u economist, and, S e ñ o r M a r c e l i n o they are convicted at a court four members of the security ment on f u l l pay. • Camacho, leader of the Wor- martial to be h e l d i n M a d r i d police. The C i v i l Guards c o u l d N o w , more discreetly, with- KERS' .Commissions, the... C<>*n~~¡ next Wednesday. be sentenced to f r o m four to munist-dominated trade union, Altogether 13 members of six years imprisonment and the out demonstrations, policemen are pressing for the removal who were both jailed BY HIM. _ the security pOKce and the para- security police to f r o m 18 of the police forces from m i l i - S e ñ o r F r a g a kept very m u c h m i l i t a r y C i v i l G u a r d have been mouths to 10 years, tary jurisdiction. urn TO himself after the A l l i a n c e s indicted' o n charges of sedition, One of the defendants in next humiliating defeat IN the June insulting superior officers and Wednesday's trial has also been I n the second court martial, 15 general election, when it negligence. The charges arise indicted o n another charge and the date of which has not yet obtained only 16 seats. H e from a police demonstration i n w i l l be tried again later in con- been announced, six policemen w o u l d not BE drawn on predict- M a d r i d on December 17 last, nexfon w i t h the same incident, w i l l be on trial—including one ing the future of the A l l i a n c e . which ended with several people The police demonstrators of the first eight. Of the second H e said he s t i l l hoped to b u i l d allegedly assaulting a n army marched from the square i n group, one faces a m i n i m u m a conservative party and that general outside the office of front of the Oriente Palace, the sentence of s i x years and one ONE OF the reasons why HE the Prime M i n i s t e r . traditional site of pro-Fran ;o day and a m a x i m u m of 22 years, formed the A l l i a n c e was Since policemen are consi- rallies, to the P r i m e M i n i s t e r ' s The other five face sentences because he saw the p e n d u l u m dered i n Spain to be service- office on Castellana Avenue. of up to 20 years. swinging after the death of General Franco. • -- • • •• I .-• Certainly looking at today's Cortes,, the pendulum has swung. S e ñ o r Fraga said the newFundación parliament's " capacity for m w o r k " (his capacity was legendary), has yet TO BE ^proved. " This is a day OF hope WE mmwià ¿for me ", HE. admitted. Continued on page 5, COL 2

mm mm p o o o o ö ö o o ö o "o o o ö o oq^oooooooooo j — — . r . ) ^ °.° ° ° ° 0 d 0 M Ò : O : 0 . Q ^ - ^ O ' 0 0 0 O 0 0 ^ ^ i WEST EUROPE. Women jailed for 30 gang wiíó sdze#radio pfaniimç years are freed F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett M a d r i d , J u l y 18 plan for i F o u r political extremists held from Spanish prison the chief technician of M a d r i d radio at gunpoint today, the 38 years | F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett anarchist, was garrotted i n forty-first anniversary of the M a d r i d , J u l y 17 M a r c h , 1974, for his part i n the beginning of the C i v i l W a r , a n d made h i m transmit a pre- The Spanish authorities have raid. in The Government has con- recorded revolutionary message. released two women members B u t the message went on the ¡ F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d of the extreme left-wing organi- centrated so far on releasing members of the Basque separa- air garbled as it was played at M a d r i d , J u l y 19 zation F r a p , whose death double speed. sentences for their part i n the tist organization E T A . Nearly T h e t o w n c o u n c i l ¡ fatal shooting of a policeman a l l were freed under pressure T h e activists, two of them d i l l a where S e ñ o r ; were commiuted by General from the E T A , w h i c h threatened women, who said they belonged M o n t a l v o , aged 77, ha; Franco to 30 years imprison- a campaign of violence, before to Grapo, the extreme left urban of h i d i n g for the first; ment. the June 15 general election. g u e r r i l l a organization, then left, the Spanish c i v i l wa The Government is n o w taking w i t h them the techni- S e ñ o r a M a r i a Jesus Dasca s i d e r i n g erecting a j expected to release prisoners cian, S e ñ o r M a r i o F r i g e n t i , and to h i m , S e ñ o r E n r i q u í and S e ñ o r i t a C o n c e p c i ó n Tristan belonging to other organiza- a porter and leaving behind ex- were released from A l c a l á de the M a y o r , t o l d me tj tions plosives. •:•,}> Henares women's prison outside t B o t h men were later released S e ñ o r M o n t a l v o , w l M a d r i d yesterday. T w o of their A l l three who have been i n M a d r i d and police defused village's Socialist li colleagues sentenced i n the released were freed under a the bombs. ,part of the c i v i l wa; same court martial were shot pardon and not a n amnesty. yesterday to come i by f i r i n g squad on September Communists and Socialists i n S e ñ o r F r i g e n t i was seized home to breathe the ! 27, 1975. and a third, whose the Cortes (Parliament) plan a from his home this morning and cratic air o n the ] sentence was also commuted to debate on a total amnesty, the forced to drive his kidnappers anniversary of the st to the radio station. The mes- life imprisonment, is expected granting of w h i c h w o u l d enable war. sage, about 12 minutes long, be- to be released soon. T h e execu- the very few people remaining i n exile for p o l i t i c a l reasons, gan w i t h the words " R e p u b l i - H e emerged f r o m ' tions raised a storm of protest to r e t u r n to Spain. can c o m r a d e s " and was pre- ment o f the house j round the w o r l d . spent most of. his til The Government of the sumably designed as part of a T h e i r release confirms that advice of his son, vi Democratic Centre U n i o n may campaign of terror similar to the Government intends to con- head of the Spanish decide to solve the problem out that last J u l y 18 when a wave tinue the gradual release of of bombs went off round the Socialist P a r t y ( P S O l those remaining prisoners con- of Parliament and so prevent the Opposition from trying to country. cedilla. H i s son t o l d victed of politically motivated as the P S O E n o w h a d crimes of violence. S e ñ o r J o s é gain a political advantage. Compared to last year, today's A m n e s t y was a powerful elec- fiesta commemorating the out- s e n t a t i v e s in the C o n L u i s Pons Llobet, sentenced to ment) he need not f< 30 years imprisonment for his toral slogan for the Opposition. break of the C i v i l W a r was rela- tively quiet. j safety'any more. .1 part i n a bank r a i d has also This Wednesday's Cabinet Not even his next d D i e h a r d supporters of Gen- been released. H i s companion, meeting w i l l probably study the bours k n e w of his . eral Franco celebrated a Mass Salvador P u i g A n t i c h , an matter. EspañolaPeople i n C e r c e d i l l * for the dictator at the wr^a i t me V a l l e y B that he had been k i l ISfili F a l l e n c i v i l war monu- war. O n l y his wife, m ment 30 miles outside M a d r i d . ! c h i l d r e n and some of grandchildren k n e w t Regional industry in Europe i n the house. • " H e i s n o w a re t h i s t o w n l i k e evetys s a i d the m a y o r Who, Madrid's uncomfortable growth 'exactly the same aj ' n u m b e r of years Si A b o ut one m i l l i o n of M a d - back and forth i n their com- If cities l i k e Guadalajara- -talvo spent i n hiding.; rid's labour force of 1.6 m i l - pany's own executive jet: l y i n g astride road and r a i l magine that he is 6 l i o n are employed i n service Not o n l y banks but many of lines between M a d r i d a n d 'veryone here." industries—a large proportion the country's biggest industries Catalonia—have prospered a n d i compared with the rest of the also maintain large offices i n captured pant of the i n d u s t r i a l country, where the proportion M a d r i d , even if their opera- operation* for tihemselve is 36 per cent. But it is not tions are concentrated else- there are others, l i k e M a d r i d , J u l y 19.—Prison riots surprising when it is consi- where, for centralism has m e d i e v a l walled city of WEST E U spread from M a d r i d to two dered that the capital is the taught them to stay close to north of M a d l r i d and t h S more Spanish cities today as seat of What has up to now the halls of power and the ancient i m p e r i a l capital o f police fired rubber bullets and been a highly centralized centres of finance. W h i l e there Toledo to the south, w h i c h throwing tear gas and smoke government, with an abun- Is no doubt about the econo- have had to be content w i t h Riot pò grenades attempted to subdue dance of bureaucrats. m i c strength of regions such as tourism as their main industry. convicts demanding amnesty the Basque country and Cata- E v e n that often amounts o n l y W h a t is really surprising to and better prison conditions. lonia, there is likewise no to crumbs from the table o f anyone who saw this city 20 The riots began yesterday by to si doubt that the big companies M a d r i d , because most of the years ago is the fact that the afternoon at Carabanched. M a d - rest of the wage earners of the of those regions are well repre- tourists visit them on day trips sented in M a d r i d . from M a d r i d rather than stay r i d , Spain's biggest prison, province of M a d r i d earn their w h e n about 600 common l i v e l i h o o d in industry and con- The industrial boom is burst- overnigh t. Madri* In fact, the wealth of scenic prisoners climbed to the roof. struction, except for a mere i n g the city's seams, thrusting T h e y remained there overnight two per cent who are w o r k i n g class residential and historic places that can be F r o m W i l l i a m C h i s l reached i n a few hours* drive as police reinforcements cor- employed in agriculture. suburbs so far out that some doned off the area. M a d r i d - J u l y 20 ' \~, of them actually lie within the from the capital has made i t a R i o t police outsij The population of M a d r i d boundaries o f neighbouring centre of tourist attraction. Three hundred inmates at Carabanchel p r i s o n ' has tripled i n those two provinces such as Toledo and A p a r t f r o m Toledo and A v i l a , prisons i n Cadiz and V a l l a d o l i d decades and most of the Guadalajara, and pushing spec- there are the beautiful Guadar- joined the revolt this m o r n i n g i n g by tonight i n " growth has been over the past ulative l a n d values i n , and rama mountains, delightfully In M a d r i d two lawyers who of an order to storr 15 years, as it blossomed into immediately around, the city cool i n summer and a haven HHH clambered on to the roof of end a three-day roo one of Spain's major industrial to limits which make TRANSICIÓN L o n d o n for skiers i n the winter, as H i Carabanchel to hear the pri- stration by about f centres. That change is the B soners' grievances, said after- prisoners. a 3 i building sites look cheap. w e l l as the former summer res- most significant one in the his- idence of Spanish kings at Si wards, the prisoners refused to The mutiny, i n In 1976 M a d r i d , representing tory of the city. Aranjuez about 30 miles to the end their mutiny until police demands for the s about one tenth of the south and countless Other were withdrawn. ties and improved M a d r i d produces metal country's population, produced nearby tourist magnets. T h e convicts, who want penal granted to politics goods, glassware, ceramics, nearly 13 per cent of the gross reforms and a general amnesty communications equipment, national product. B u t the heyday m a y be end- has , s p r e a d , to s lorries and cars, furniture, pro- ing. The rate of population for common law offenders, re- Spanish-jails. •' R a p i d growth has its draw- peated their demand for talks cessed foods, optical equip- backs. W h i l e inflation Ss a growth is f a l l i n g off as M a d r i d So far about 30 j ment, farm machinery and becomes more crowded. T h e with Senor Suarez, the P r i m e banchel rioters ''. national problem, it is even M i n i s t e r or the Ministers of countless other manufactured more accentuated i n M a d r i d birth rate of 19 per thousand ' i n j u r e d . b y police r i Items. It is also the banking i n 1975 (the latest figures Justice or the I n t e r i o r . — A P ; and smoke bombs.' H o u s i n g a n d food prices, and Reuter. centre of the country—so according to the M a d r i d available) was the lowest since ' to surrender u n l é Our M a d r i d Correspondent much so that banks i n outlying Chamber of Commerce, more 1959, when the boom was just police are wichdrs w r i t e s : Police i n helicopters regions maintain " h e a d " than doubled i n the capital be- getting under way. The most serioui dropped smoke bombs on the offices there, as w e l l as i n their tween 1968 and 1975. The lure of the b i g city i s to a prisoner hit in cities of o r i g i n . fading, too. The n u m b e r of Carabanchel prisoners today M a d r i d ' s growth has been at a rubber bullet. H emigrants from other parts o f while others fired rubber bullets T h i s obliges some top exec- the expense of the decline of to hospital, where Spain was 69,677 i n 1975—6 and smoke grenades i n retalia- utives, l i k e those of the B a n k surrounding areas of o l d and l i o n was described p e r cent fewer than i n 1974. tion for being pelted with tiles. of V i z c a y a , for instance, to new Castile, the central table- However, there j Prisoners claimed real bullets injured prisoners 1 spend h a l f their time i n Bilbao lands. F i v e of Spain's poorest were fired and half i n M a d r i d , shuttling provinces lie i n the Castiles. Harry DebÄsgg who need medical'] .The riot was apparently .who are refusing tc sparked off by the release over Before c l i m b i n g ; the weekend of three political the prisoners w r e activists j a i l e d for life side of the j a i l , c a i estimated at al Authorities have j prisoners who ref the demonstratioi Fundación prisons. T h e demonstrat off over the wee ' release of thri activists serving 1 for crimes of v i • ticians, p a r t i c u l a r C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , ! the prison to trj mediators.

- - • ilMi ..... WEST EUROPE

Spain tightens price Policeman controls to save may.-beJield uneasy labour truce by Spanish Madrid, j .—Spain trade unions were tiring of the tightened prie Is today arrangemeñt.- terrorists jQ^ .to ^prevent y truce King Juan Carlos and Señor From Harry Debelius - between the Go nent and .'Suárez .found time todav for Madrid, Aug 19 • : left-wing tra"de\ unions - from talks with Mr John Davies, being wrecked *%y inflationary British Conservative spokesman Police in Barcelona admitted pre es. on foreign:, affairs. Mr Davies today that a member of the A decree iss; Sing Juan arrived in Madrid on Sunday.— security police is missing and Carlos said tha s must be Rcuter. may be a prisoner of terrorists. The officet,'.Señor José López restrained bee f 'soaring Our Madrid Correspondent inflation and• h Carbadleira, disappeared eight k'.s 20 per .; writes :: The Workers' Commis• days ago while on' his way to cent .devaluàtïc re .peseta, sions, the Communist-domi• It .stipulated/ aiices of nated trade union organization, work.- ¿ /-.?.'" '"'.-Si .. i goods and serv u'ld be in- is .to .start a campaign which is An anonymous telephone creased during exi three bound to be . controversial for caller told the Barcelona daily months only ii •villi rises the .establishment, of a single newspaper Mundo Diario last in production -,united .trade, union movement Wednesday, that Grapo (First of Manufacturei : ordered to embrace all workers.. . October Anti-Fascist Resistance , to . keep recoi - cost i.n- ,_j i A. statement issued last night Groups) had kidnapped a police- . creases for .ci . by the after a' two-day meeting its man whom the caller identified Ministry of C •e, which executive committee called on only, as " López "'. Authorities v:hâs;^ëen^aùtffi a employ. -the General Union of Workers at first dismissed the informa- more market "it .and the. Sindical Work Union tion, and not until today was to join the - Commission in a the officer's absence , acknow• Prices of mast basic food• united labour organization. ledged. Española• : "...•• : • -:':••- stuffs, including meal, fish and .Observers believe that the cam• Mundo Diario today quoted vegetables are already :con• paign is unlikely to succeed. an . uniden tifie d policeman as trolled under a decree issued saying that Señor Lopez's iden- ; last N'ovember. . ; .. : • The General Union is the •trade." .""'union.. wing of the tification card and other per- ."'." Señor •-' the Prime Spanish ..Workers' Socialist sonai documents had beeii Mi uister, * suntil:. Satur• Party which has 116 seats in dropped into a letter box not day a Cal ating planned the .Congress while the Com• far from police headquarters for tot apparently munists have Only 20. •*•> ""!. in Barcelona. because d economic The newspaper quoted the : The Commissions, have pro• measures' r.g deva- same source as saying that - • * - *• "~£- f O — posed. the_ holding of. a con- | Señor López had been nomina• luation require" further study: stituent congress leading to -.trade- union unity. Agreement ted for decoration" for his part | Motorists queued * at petrol ~ in the arrest of suspected mem• stations todav because news- was " also .reached at the Commissions meeting, on call-'; bers of either Grapo or Fr-ap ing for direct negotiations with, (Patriotic Anti-Fascist Revolu• Sehor Suarez has been eon- .'the Government over its ecq-' tionary Front). . s"ItiaS.; Opposition leaders nomic programme. The execu• Meanwhile vigilance has been about .economic policy in an tive" "committee" rejected a increased round King Juan attempt to prolong a'".•. labour- " social! pact", saying that it Carlos , after Wednesday's ,1 truce,., .agreed early this year. would 'only deteriorate the attempted bomb attac. Yester• But there were! signs that leftist situation. * " j day frogmen checked the hull - - ^^-::.:::-.:::?^:rV:^P^.^~--r- and berth óf the royal yacht Fortuna for bombs. : Sources in Madrid said that Grapo, suspected of the bomb attempt, has threatened Señor TRANSICIÓNMigue Angel Aguilar, the editor of ' the newspaper Diano-16, with death. :

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S'a,-., ^gMtwWjBinfeäM^' . " ' * * *- V - ' rf(k, Monument plan for man 38 years in hiding /v From Our C o r r e s p o n d e n | ^ _ P Madrid, Jul y 19 The town council of Cerce- dilla where S e ñ o r Protasio ! Montalvo, aged 77, has come out of hiding for the first time since the Spanish c i v i l war, is con- sidering erecting a monument to him, Señor E n r i q u e Espinosa, the Mayor, told me today. Señor Montalvo, who was the village's Socialist mayor for ,part of the c i v i l war, decided yesterday to come out of his home to breathe the new demo- cratic air on the forty-first anniversary of the start of the war. He emerged from the base- ment of the house where he spent most of. his time on the advice of his son, who is the head of the Spanish Workers Socialist Party ( P S O E ) i n Cer- cedilla. His son told h i m that as the PSOE now had 116 repre- sentatives in the Cortes ( P a r l i a - ment) he need not fear for his safety any more. Not even his next door neigh- bours knew of his existence., Sefior Montalvoe demonstrates how he used to hide under a bed when unexpected visitors called at his home. People in Cercedilla assumed Española that he had been k i l l e d i n the S e ñ o r M o n t a l v o was the last Cercedilla: T h i n a n d pale, even walk about this town, one of S e ñ o r Montalvo's old I war, Only his wife, his three democratically elected M a y o r S e ñ o r Montalvo sat i n the sun- w h i c h has always been a socia- friends said children and some of his seven of Cercedilla. W i t h m u n i c i p a l light for the first t i m e i n 38 list town, because the Franco S e ñ o r Gutierrez, who first j Í Hdren knew that he was elections due to be held i n years today, t a l k i n g with o l d regime was l o o k i n g for officials learned his childhood friend «• $ p a m í t > e í o r e f h e e n d 0 1 the friends who had believed h i m f r o m the R e p u b l i c a n side." was alive when he saw the ! H e M ." o w * member- of year, m a n y villagers have asked dead since 1939. " I t was a l o n g time, but it television news last night, was a t this town like everyone else;', b u n whether he intends to " T h e r e were o n l y four or was not a bad t i m e " , he said, reunited w i t h h i m today said the mayor who, at ,38, is stand for reelection. " P r o t a s i o five fascists i n this town, but as his friends sat o n the tiny S e ñ o r Montalvo left the •exacWy the same age as the t o l d m e that he has h a d enough they dominated everything terrace of his home 35 miles house only twice i n 1972 and i 'number of years Senor M o n - of politics and thinks it is best u n t i l n o w " , S e ñ o r M o n t a l v o outside M a d r i d 1975 to be driven to M a d r i d by -talvo spent i n h i d i n g . " Y o u can to leave it to the younger said i n a n interview i n the " I always knew he was a l i v e , night to see a doctor. W h e n -magine that he is the talk of generation", the M a y o r t o l d s m a l l house i n which he had although I didn't k n o w w h e r e " , visitors came to the house h e , ^veryone here. me. l i v e d secretly. " I dared not Sen Lorenzo Gutierrez, aged 69, h i d under a b e d . — A P . H m - ; WEST EUROPE, : Riot police standing I Spanish police and Civil Guards on trial F r o m Our Corfi "'déWf i?years imprisonment for the S e ñ o r Rodolfo M a r t í n V i l l a , eight, who appeared i n u n i f o r m who was then M i n i s t e r ot the by to storm M a d r i d , J u l y 20 i ^ t f a e courthouse of the m i l i - Interior, about pay increases 1 and better conditions. The F o u r policemen . and four t a r v governor i n M a d r i d . C i v i l Guards were court- f h e eight were accused of demonstration got slightly out martialled here today on sedi- being the ringleaders of the of hand w h e n policemen Madrid mutiny jail marched to the P r i m e tion charges for taking part i n demonstration, two days after M i n i s t e r ' s office, shouting anti- From W i l l i a m Chislett j . Police on t r i a l : F o u r p o l i c e m e n ! an i l l e g a l demonstration last the national referendum on the December when several hun- Government's political reforms, Government slogans. A general n/iaHWH. i i . l v 20 V and four C i v i l Guards were W was assaulted. Madrid- July 20 , • ... ^ courtmartialled here t o d a y on | dred policemen and C i v i l U n d e r Spanish law, the police The eight admitted that they Riot police outside M a d r i d S i i t i o n charges for taking part m Guards marched through the C i v i l G u a r d come s e < took part i n the demonstration Carabanchel prison were stand- j illegal demonstration last H M a d r i d . under military jurisdiction. n a n but said their demands were ing by tonight i n expectation December, when several hun- m, The prosecution asked for The demonstration was cal- strictly about pay. of an order to storm the j a i l to dred p o l i c e m e n and C i v i l m between 18 months and 10 l e d to present a petition to end a threeday rooftop demon- Guards marched through stration by about 500 common M a d r i d , prisoners. TheTheVprosécution , askedTRANSICIÓN for Jf*V'*f%iT' The mutiny, in support of between 18 months and 10 • demands for the same amnes- years imprisonment f o r the affi" -" • *t - .. : ...... f.1 ties and improved conditions eight, who appeared i n uniform granted to political prisoners, in the courthouse of the m i l i - has .spread, to seven other i ^ - y governor in M a d r i d . Spanish jails; ,<< , • The eight were accused of So far about 30 of the Cara- being the ringleaders of the banchel rioters have been demonstration, two days atter injured b y police rubber bullets the national referendum on the and smoke bombs. T h e y refuse Government's political reforms, to surrender unless the riot - U n d e r Spanish law, the police

police are withdrawn; . . a n d the C i v i l . t G u a r d . come The most serious injury was under military jurisdiction to a prisoner hit in the face by The demonstration was cal- a rubber bullet. He was taken led to present a petition to ,m to hospital, where his condi- Senor Rodolfo M a r t i n V i l l a , tion was described as serious. who was then M i n i s t e r of the 1 8 However, there are other Interior, about pay increases injured prisoners on the roof and better conditions. The who need medical attention but demonstration got slightly b u t I ,who are refusing to come down, of hand when policemen I . B e f o r e c l i m b i n g to the roof marched to the P r i m e [-"the prisoners wrecked the in- Minister's office, shouting anti- side of the j a i l , causing damage . Government slogans. A general " estimated at about £1.5m, was assaulted. I., Authorities have removed 172 The eight admitted that they W- prisoners who refused to j o i n ; took p a r t in the demonstration !" 'the demonstration to other but said their demands were • prisons. strictly about pay, FundaciónjS, T h e demonstration. was set A total of 187 policemen and off over the weekend by the,,Civil Guards were arrested as a release of .". three p o l i t i c a l ' r e s u l t of the demonstration, activists serving life sentences Another five are expected to for; crimes of : violence. P o l i - appear In a second court mar- ticians, particularly from the; r i a l soon on charges of insulting Communist Party,.have been to ; a superior officer, w h i c h carries the prison to try to act as : a m a x i m u m sentence of 22 mediators. , •••. - . years. • ao ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Five bombs explode -~ at shops in Madrid F r o m Our Correspondent M a d r i d , J u l y 25 A t least five bombs exploded i n M a d r i d early today, Spain's patron saint's day, slightly damaging several shops, i n c l u d - ing E l Corte Ingles, the depart- ment store. N o one was i n - j u r e d . The most serious explosion was i n Corte Ingles, i n the Generalisimo A v e n u e i n the centre, where one of the main display windows was blown out. N o political group has so far L i claimed responsibility fo the bombs, but Grapo (the F i r s t of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Group) was suspected because King Juan Carlos addressing the Cortes yesterday during its inaugural session. the type of plastic explosive used has been used by them in the past. Grapo claimed responsibility for a wave of Spanish King opens democratic Parliament bombings on J u l y 18, the forty- first anniversary of the begin- \ Senator L u i s M a r i a X i r i n a c h s , r o y a l " we ". A f t e r i t was over, EJ; ning of the C i v i l W a r . F r o m Harry Debelius the Congress of Deputies and a R o m a n Catholic priest who Senor E n r i q u e Tierno Galvan, M e a n w h i l e , trade union Senate, meeting i n j o i n t president of the P o p u l a r fc M a d r i d , July 22 session i n the same chamber has distinguished h i m s e l f as a n leaders are studying the Gov-j Socialist Party said he had p i K i n g Juan Carlos, referred to w h i c h had been used by advocate of Catalonian home ernment's tough e c o n o m i c ; " expected h i m to be more fe* himself publicly as a " consti-' G e n e r a l Franco's rubber-stamp rule. v measures and are expected to t distant". tes- tutional monarch " for the first parliament: " T h e different T h e K i n g spoke for, only 16 pronounce on them soon.! A l t h o u g h the K i n g pointed m time here today when he for- ideologies represented here are minutes, but his words, were Reports i n today's newspapers | out that he was non-partisan, he fc m a l l y inaugurated Spain's new nothing more than different the most democratic heard b y suggest that the unions, had no hesitation i n identifying p recently legalized, may oppose t democratically elected Cortes ways o f understanding peace, a plenary session of Parlia- justice, freedom and the his- for nearly four decades. H e himself w i t h the sweeping pro- Española §J Government attempts to freeze (Parliament), eight years to the Cess of democratic reform wages. d a y after General Franco named toric reality of Spain. In their made no reference to the anni- versary of his appointment, but w h i c h has been c a r r i e d but i n {p h i m as his successor i n the diversity, they respond to the The communist-dominated H he d i d say that only a l i t t l e S p a i n since the death o f same building. same ideal—understanding and W o r k e r s' Commissions said i n comprehension for all—and over 18 months ago he had General F r a n c o 20 months ago. Dressed in the black f u l l - a statement that the proposed a propo;u\)| they are motivated b y the same appeared i n the same chamber " T h e C r o w n " , he said, " f e e l s curb o n wage increases w o u l d dress uniform of a captain- i m p u l s e : love for Spain." to announce a commitment satisfaction following the recent and speculs* general, Spain's highest m i l i - seriously affect workers. Senor w h i c h he saw f u l f i l l e d today : elections for the legislature, M a r c e l i n o Camacho, the itted to P a tary rank, the 39-year-old Gone were the frock coats a n d "• the . peaceful establishment about the manner i n w h i c h the m i l i t a r y uniforms of the Cortes Commissions' leader, repeated he end monarch won applause , even of democratic coexistence based aims w h i c h i t formulated not of the dictator's day. T h e only over the weekend his c a l l for from Senora Dolores Ibarruri, on respect for the l a w as a so long ago are b e i n g m a n i n uniform on the seats a l l trade unions to get together the Communist Party president manifestation of the sovereignty achieved " . ? also ¡1 and famous " Pasionaria" "of reserved for M P s was to negotiate w i t h the Govern- of the people ". Outside the Cortes b u i l d i n g , s raising th C i v i l War days, who is once Lieutenant-General M a n u e l ment. H e said that a labour of the B a n again an elected member of Gutierrez M e l l a d o , Vice- Throughout his speech the several small groups were amnesty and trade union elec- b r o k e n up by police as they )int. to 8 pe ParMament as She was under President for Defence. Never- K i n g spoke i n the first person tions should be discucssed as tried to demonstrate. T h e y in- well as wages. nching of the second republic. theless a degree of formality p l u r a l , but it was obvious f r o m was preserved. M o s t male M P s the context that he meant " we cluded falangists, homosexuals I of 20,000n I n his brief speech the K i n g The Commissions are t r y i n g wore a tie, one exception being the p e o p l e " rather than, the and republicans. to help tt told the nearly 600 members of to f o r m a U n i f i e d Trade U n i o n lebt. bringing together a l l trade unions. •ther interest : id progressi-. There seems to be very little chance of this happening, par- t on b a n k i n g t i c u l a r l y as figures published I eased con- today reveal that 3,000 trade fort to stim- | unions, i n c l u d i n g regional ones 1. and those formed by calls for a employers, have been legalized (employment, by the Government i n the past sures as t a x ' Military hree months. impaaies i n - tbour force, Spain of jobs b y consulted on •rnment-spon- : of low-cost Argentines refoñfo^ W I k e ' the tax I F r o a i W i l l i a m Chislett j, w o r i u the '• in Fiat j M a d r i d , J u l y 28 or legislation J TRANSICIÓN vide severe K i n g J u a n Carlos today presi- ix offenders, kidnap case ded over the first meeting of vernment t a F r o m Our Correspondent ••<<*; the junta of national defence since the general' election. i n k accounts,"' M a d r i d , J u l y 26 ; companies Questions of internal security Spanish police have arrested and political reforms are be- r d i d a h c e . p u r i / seven Argentines believed to lieved to have been discussed. re. a mora- have been responsible for the Since the junta last met the 0 give delin- kidnapping of Signer L u c h i n o M i n i s t r y of Defence, embracing a chance to RevelM-Beaumont, director of (rats without the Fiat car factory i n France, a l l the armed services has been 1 they do so it was learnt here today. Signer formed as a step towards the jte. . . VVV RevelM-Beaumont was held for depoliticization of the armed j was already three months and was released forces i n view of Spain's poss- ff.. resistance on J u l y 11. ' -: : ' . . ible membership of Nato. ers and b i g The Seven were arrested last It is believed that the Gov- jj i t was i n weekend i n M a l a g a and were Bernment's intention to grant S the w o r k of taken, to M a d r i d where they degrees o f autonomy to the a headed b y were expected to appear before avarious regions was discussed at ue Fuentes j u d i c i a l authorities later today. athe meeting w h i c h was atten- feputy P r i m e Signer Revelli-Beaumont was i d e d by S e ñ o r S u á r e z , the P r i m é i non-partisan kidnapped by a group calling Minister, Lieutenant General fenor A d o l f o; itself tiie Committee for Revo- G u t i é r r e z : M e l l a d o , Deputy he M i n i s t e r , lutionary Socialist Unity- . P r i m e M i n i s t e r for defence mat- I Government France is l i k e l y to ask for ters, and by the joint chiefs of _ |: p l u c k ^the the extradition o f the A r g e n - staff. - î e brink'', of tines, one of w h o m is a woman. R o y a l decrees published to- t p l According to .reports, Spain day confirm that eight members j g j j 24.rr-The may well insist on the return of the Basque separatist organi- Fundaciónto Spain of a leading member zation E T A who returned tied* agreed :: ply. for full, of' the Basque separatist illegally last week, have been -í : i he European organization E T A , w h o is i n expelled from the country. lmunity. A prison , at," Aix-en-Provence, M a d r i d ; J u l y 28.—Dr Owen, kesman^/said before agreeing to hand over the B r i t i s h F o r e i g n Secretary, O'reja," the the Argentines. T h e E T A ma n w i l l pay an official visit to would fly to is wanted in connexion w i t h the Spain f r o m September 5 to 7.— sday to make kidnapping and murder of' a UPI. I ftion,—A£.;' [ Basque industrialist i n June. ¡o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O O O O Ö O O Ö ' Ö O Ö Ó - ' O o" o , i . •. . i r , „ i : i i P Í I II É M ^ ^

Police jailed i i r | Dynamite J Madrid on 0 used to ¡¡I sedition charge;- F r o m Our Correspondent ;•- M a d r i d , J u l y 22 end Madrid A court martial j a i l e d five I 1 E l f Policemen here today o n ! J l charges of sedition for t a k i n g ' jail riot f part i n an unauthorized demon-] F r o m H a r r y Debelius i stration. Three other police I M a d r i d , J u l y 21 were acquitted. : After a battle lasting most of the afternoon, police today Severino Escudero M a r t í n e z , , subdued the three-day riot here of the security p o l i t e , received | at the big Carabanchel prison. the heaviest sentence of s i x ! years a n d a day. Sentences of ¡ ¡ ¡ | Police and firemen began three years were imposed on §31« their assault on the building two c i v i l guards and sentences . under a curtain of smoke of two years on a t h i r d c i v i l grenades and tear gas bombs. guard a n d another policeman.f F i r e truck ladders went up The eight were the first of; against the walls as men in 13 members of the security helicopters hurled smoke and forces to face t r i a l i n connexion' tear gas bombs at the rioters with a demonstration last 1 " B B S " on the roof. December d u r i n g w h i c h several] B y late afternoon, police demonstrators physically assaul- using dynamite had blown their ted an army general outside way through blocked galleries the office of the P r i m e to reach the largest group of M i n i s t e r . They were protesting rebel prisoners on the roof. A s against restrictions on the the battle ended, the prisoners, power they had enjoyed under some of them injured, were the Franco regime as well as King Juan Carlos ade brought down in groups of five demanding higher pay and J under a heavy guard. better conditions. - The interior of the prison was a shambles, with every- thing breakable broken and everything burnable burnt. D u r i n g the fighting, a rubber WEST EUROPE. F r o m H a r r y Debelius J bullet with a message scrawled M a d r i d , J u l y 22 j on a cigarette packet wrapped K i n g Juan C a r l o s r e f round it bounced into a grouo himself p u b l i c l y as a ; of journalists outside the Appeal for sacrifices tutional m o n a r c h " for ' prison. time here today w h e n The note said : " Situation mally inaugurated Spa? critical. Prison officers, riot Riot police with shields take up shooting positions on lop of a prison building moments before the final assault began. fas Spain faces democratically elected police, c i v i l guards and firemen i? (Parliament), eight yeat attacking. No water, food : no Shortly afterwards, journalists, understand how police had Españoladay after G e n e r a l F r a n c medical attention. W e want both Spanish and foreign, were failed to spot him. him as his successor i International Red Criss. Have stringent austerity same b u i l d i n g . badly injured. If no negotia- hustled out of the area, some He described the scene as at gunpoint. M o u n t e d police " full-scale battle, complete with Dressed i n the M a tions there, w i l l be a massacre. i . F r o m H a r r y Debelius ' .."".; \/yj: gramme, such as a propoftj. charged into reporters, specta- smoke and loud bangs". In his dress u n i f o r m of a ; They are dynamiting their way I M a d r i d , J u l y 24 • ¡1 designed to halt land speculsj tors and relatives of prisoners. last report, he mentioned a general, Spain's high* to the roof. E i e h t hundred lives The Government coupled the. tion, w i l l : be submitted to P a ! in danger. SOS. S O S . " Tape recorders, cameras and large explosion which coincided tary rank, the 39- A n earlier attempt by police notebooks were either confis- with prisoners' claims that ] most stringent austerity plan liament before the end t' monarch w o n applaus to storm the building behind a cated or left l y i n g on the police were dynamitihg their ever devized in modern Spain November. from S e ñ o r a Dolores ! I with, .an appeal today " f o r a l l „,„„„, barrage of rubber bullets and ground in a p a l l of smoke as way to the rooftop. m m j i the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y p police galloped through the Spaniards to make an impor- Programme also t | smoke bombs was beaten off by The Garabanche! rebeljiliort a and famous " Pasiona prisoners, who fought w i t h iron area. involved about 800 prisoners I tant collective sacrifice " . . . . eludes such steps as raising thi C i v i l W a r days, who ; bars and roof tiles. Police were Six or seven fire trucks were convicted of c r i m i n a l offences The " emergency economic basic interest rate of the Ban- again an elected mer under orders not to use pistols, parked inside the entrance patio who were demanding an plan ", which was unveiled in of Spain by one point to 8 pe Parliament as she w a to the prison, behind the big amnesty, such as that granted the second r e p u b l i c . ; rifles or machine guns. M a d r i d early this morning c e n t , and the launching of ' U p to midday, lawyers con- iron gates. A number of small to political prisoners, as well after a 12-hour Cabinet meet- u „ „ j ;„. - ™ ™ In his brief speech t tinued to come and go in the fires, believed to have been as other concessions. They ing, is intended to restore the s p e ™ ? . ^ J " ' <* 20.000 told the nearly 600 met cordoned-off area, apparently started deliberately by sympa- began the riot on M o n d a y country's economic health pesetas (£136m) to h e l p . t t l attempting to work out a com- thizers with the mutinous when a group of prison, is within two years. It involves finance the public debt, promise between authorities prisoners, blazed away in wood- gathered on the rooftop, to dis- such measures as a ceiling on Restrictions on other interest 1 and prisoners. But when a land on one side of the prison play sheets o n which they had wage increases, changes i n in- rates w i l l be lifted progressi-1 police u l t i m a t u m ran out at without any attempt by firemen painted their demands. . | | come tax and a special tax on vely, a n d controls on banking J noon the final assault began. to put them out. Prison riots i n other parts of the total assets of everyone operations, w i l l be eased con-1 Spain, apparently set off by-the who owns more than a rel- The forces included four com- One Spanish reporter, siderably i n an effort to stim-[ •1 '• ' panies of specially trained riot describing the scene by radio one in M a d r i d , were all reported atively small amount of prop- ulate investment. police, as well as numerous telephone from a car after all to be under control by this erty. . ' The programme calls for a I units of the C i v i l Guard and his colleagues had been ousted, morning, long before the final The most immediate effect « w h i c h Spaniards and foreign reduction i n unemployment, security police. remarked that he could not assault at Carabanchel. . holidaymakers w i l l notice, through such measures as tax i although not the most signifi- incentives for companies -in- j cant by any means, w i l l be an creasing their labour force, Spain ] increase in the price of petrol, t h . e creation of jobs whjch may take effect as early increasing Govemment-spon- as tomorrow. The price of a f r e d construction of low-cost Argen gallon of 96 octane fuel w i l l housing. Spanish trade unions attack rise from 96p to £1.14. Other In order to make the tax J grades of petrol w i l l go up reform proposals work., the in Fiai proportionately. programme calls for legislation; new economic measuresTRANSICIÓN \^ T o compress the wage-price which w i l l provide severe spiral, the emergency plan in- punishment for tax offenders, F r o m Our Correspond apf^japi rather Utopian at the eludes such steps as l i m i t i n g authorize the Government to F r o m O u r C o r r M a d r i d , J u l y 26 moment. wage increases in most cases examine private bank accounts, M a d r i d , J u l y Zi T h e attitude ' o f the trade Seiior Nicolas Redondo, the to a m a x i m u m of £68 per year eliminate dummy companies Spanish polic unions to the Government's seiretary-general . o f the i n the first year. In a move s e t up for tax avoidance pur- seven A r g e n t i l i economic measures became General U n i o n of Workers, the intended to achieve a more poses a n d declare a mora-1 have been res{ clearer today as Spaniards re- trade union w i n g ' of the equitable distribution of in- t o r i u m i n order to give delin-1 k i d n a p p i n g of { turned to w o r k and the new Spanish W o r k e r s ' Socialist come, such increases must be quent taxpayers a chance to I Revelli-Beaumoi Cortes (Parliament) was seated Party, also rejected the 50.000- granted in equal amounts to settle their accounts without I the F i a t car fai after the long weekend com- peseta wage idea, w h i c h a l l employees of a f i r m . In- penalty provided they do so I it was learnt he; memorating the country's represents about a 17 per cent creases based on a percentage before a certain date, Revelli-Beaumoi saint's day. increase for the average of salary, w h i c h result i n more The plan, w h i c h was already | three months ai W r i t i n g in Informaciones, worker. •money for those who are paid r u n n i n g into stiff resistance on J u l y 11. ; < S e ñ o r « M a r c e l i n o Camacho, the Trade union leaders have better, w i l l be prohibited from some bankers and big The seven wj leader of the Communist domi- been given to understand i n " E x t r a o r d i n a r y " , and presu- businessmen when it was in weekend i n M nated W o r k e r ' s Commission, their talks with the Government mably temporary, measures . the draft -stage, is the work of taken to M a d i the largest trade union, said that inflation w i l l be reduced outlined i n the plan include an economic team headed by were expected t that the proposed l i m i t on wage to about 17 per cent a year, higher l u x u r y taxes, a 5 per Professor E n r i q u e Fuentes j u d i c i a l author! increases of 50,000 pesetas which they view as somewhat cent surtax (in addition to nor- Quintana, the deputy Prime Signor R e v e l l i i (£340) a year for everyone was optimistic. ••• mal income tax) on incomes of M i n i s t e r and a non-partisan k i d n a p p e d by 2 unrealistic when contrasted to itself the C o m i B u t as the two organizations more than about £14.000 a year expert whom S e ñ o r Adolfo the recent price increases and and a " p a t r i m o n y t a x " on all S u á r e z j the P r i m e Minister, kttionary Socia! the rate Of inflation currently embrace only a small portion of real estate and other posses- called into the Government F r a n c e is HI running at "about 30 per cent. the. 13 m i l l i o n workforce their sions. this month to pluck the the extradition; Petrol, coffee and cooking o i l bargaining power is rather The latter w i l l be scaled so country from the brink of tines, one of wh have, just gone up. The Govern- m i n i m a l . C i v i l servants were as to exclude most people. F o r economic disaster, A c c o r d i n g to \ ment . imposed a price control allowed to form trade unions m a y w e l l insist last week i n an effort to w i n starting today, bringing them example, a couple w i t h two M a d r i d , J u l y 24.—The to Spain of a 1 Fundaciónthe workers' support. But it re- in line with other workers. dependent c h i l d r e n w i l l not be ' Spanish Government agreed of the Bast! mains to be seen how effective liable to pay this tax unless yesterday to apply for full The M a d r i d Stock Exchange, organization E ; i t w i l l be- they own total assets worth membership of the European which opened today for the prison at ij S e ñ o r Camach proposed a more than £41,000. E c o n o m i c Community. first time since the Govern- before agreeing " g o v e r n m e n t of national con- Draft laws embodying the 'Government spokesman said ! ment'e economic plan was the A r g e n t i n e s . ; centration " to get Spain out of new fiscal measures w i l l be S e ñ o r M a r c e l i n o Oreja,' the • announced, dropped to its is wanted i n con a difficult period. This would submitted to Parliament for Foreign Minister, would fly to lowest point this year. The k i d n a p p i n g and mean that Socialists and C o m - debate before the end of Sep- Brussels on Thursday to make index stood at 83.69 last Friday, tember. Other parts of the pro- the formal application.—AP. Basque industri} munists would f o r m part of the and fell to 82.59 today reflect- Government—but the idea • i n g the concern of employers. •

/I ';-'.' (New street names reflect new politics as Spain begins the long process of erasing the old regime The expunging of General Fran F r o m H a r r y Debelius c i l l o r s u n d e r ! the o l d rules, to lose positions of wealth, i n í M a d r i d , J u l y 28 " f have already resigned. Others,' fluence and power. B u t he i s P a u Casals Street i n Barce- l i k e S e ñ o r J u a n de Atrrespaco- also aware that the change is F r o m H a r r y Debe lona is not a t e r r i b l y i m p o s i n g chaga, the Government- ineffective unless it i s one i n street, but it is an important appointed M a y o r of M a d r i d , w h i c h the Spanish people M a d r i d , A u g 1 one. F o r man y B á r c e l o nans its have insisted that they w i l l not participate willingly. H e t o l d Citizens '"of a give up their i posits, u n t i l they name stands for even more them i n his p r e e l e c t i o n speech |ifflegedly';,?terr'6ri are replaced. I n i either c a s é , yjast, M a y , borrowing the words : than the fame of the gifted <|ftt'eft are*demani t h e i r attitudes are a recogni- "of the late A m e r i c a n ' Presi- Catalonian musician who was %iatibn o f i ' t h e t i o n o f the fact that the writ- dent F r a n k l i n D . Roosevelt: k n o w n throughout the w o r l d i n i n g is o n the w a l l . " Y o u have nothing to fear but investigation to; General Franco's day, w h e n fear itself." c r i m i n a l charg. regional languages l i k e Catalan It i s not easy to change the 'ibjrought against - were suppressed, as Pablo structures a n d attitudes w h i c h N o w the r e d , green a n d 'and- abetting .terp Casals. dominated the • country • for white ikurriña, the Basque f l a g >Tho self-styl T h e name of the street u n t i l nearly h a l f < a century. T h e w h i c h i t was a c r i m e to display assembly " o f A j under the dictatorship, hangs recently was G e n e r a l Goded. speed w i t h w h i c h S e ñ o r S u á r e z "Bilbao, is^alstH f r o m the balconies of t h e ' t o w n ' The change i n name, l i k e the is c a r r y i n g out reforms i s sur- right-wing extrel L i k e the inscription of a list o f changes w h i c h are bound to p r i s i n g , but that same speed i s vigilantes northern Spain, alongside the Jast:w 1 also a stimulus to others who ; i 0 t r i a l , occur i n d r i e s and towns r e d - a n d y e l l o w Spanish alon throughout Spain, where the are anxious to smooth the path superiors a n d ';• j of democracy for S p a i n . ;'; national flag. N o w , S e ñ o r M a r - m a i n square or avenue invar- celino Caniacfao, once sentenced ^evidence i s f o u i a b l e carries the name o f C a r r i e d along b y the " m o t o r t o ' 2 0 years' imprisonment as a t h e m . <•* either Generalissimo F r a n c o o r of reformKing J u a n Carlos leader of an i l l e g a l trade u n i o n • ' A f t e r more t S e ñ o r J o s é A n t o n i o P r i m o de and the P r i m e M i n i s t e r organization, sits i n the Con- fascist assaults, c R i v e r a (founder of the fascist- managed i n one year to get r i d gress of Deputies along w i t h rule s y m p a t h i z rooted F a l a n g e ) , is symbolic o f of most of the " o r g a n i c some former F r a n c o ministers. volved machini the " defrancoization " o f bombings, ;• at* d e m o c r a c y " b u i l t u p b y Figures w h o were anathema destruction of ri Spain. F r a n c o over a p e r i o d of nearly d u r i n g the o l d general's dation and t h r « O n the whole, however, the 40 years. W i t h the consent o f Mfethne, l i k e S e ñ o r Josep Tar- swapping o f signs w i l l have to the people expressed i n the radellas, the long-exiled presi- WEST EUROPE, p e o p l e found thi wait u n t i l the incumbent referendum of December I S dent of the Generaütát, o r i n t e r r u p t e d last! mayors and town councils have last year, he began d i s m a n t l i n g Catalonian autonomous govern- Of a r m e d m e n J been replaced i n the m u n i c i p a l the most sacred redoubts of ment, pose s m i l i n g w i t h the individuals ancj elections w h i c h the Govern- the Francoists: the immovable P r i m e M i n i s t e r as they nego- threatened rh«j ment^ of Señor Suárez has N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t , the state- tiate the future relations b e Basque who chose p o l i t i c a l beliefs.; p r o m i s e d b y the e n d of the r u n trade unions, the rubber- tween M a d r i d and the regions. R i g h t - w i n g ac year. stamp Parliament, the p o l i t i c a l T h e M a d r i d Government, at least seven j courts. • B u t the tendency c o u l d not w h i c h became even more cen- exile charged ¿ ? the tyres of cat? be more evident. M a y o r s i n Señor Suárez is aware, JJLÍ'> tralized than before under bearing the r e d ; many towns who were a b l y more than any other G e n e r a l Franco, i s n o w com- Basque flag ; at appointed by the Franco Spaniard, of the resistance to mitted to the restoration of Españolanumber of persi regime or chosen by city coun- change f r o m those who stand considerable home r u l e . with illegal return W h e n the at to deter this te F r o m H a r r y Debelius once and for a l l , and political ber o f citizens 1 M a d r i d , J u l y 31 prisoners w i l l be ancient last M o n d a y to ; One of the Basque political history." '<• y group. E a r l y ori| prisoners freed on condition The other nine Basques who i n g they capture that they should remain i n violated the ban on returning three men outsit Spanish journalists seek freedom exile has been indicted for to Spain, appeared before i T h e three haj returning to Spain. H e could From William Chislett Since Franco's death there compared with 11 in fhe crowd of 20,000 on F r i d a y night various incident be sent. back to prison for 20 Madrid, July 29 has been a gradual relaxation second half of last year. at an airfield near San Sebas- claims made by] years, it was learnt i n M a d r i d „ Spanish journalists havc-pre of censorship and the suppres- Apart from the threat of tian, presiding over a meeting of t h e m t u r n l today. 1 gsented a detailed study to the sion of the infamous Article 2 of military trials, however, jour- i n memory of a fellow Basque policemen a n d resident of the Cortes, Señcr the Press Law, which was the nalists are also worried about } S e ñ o r X a b i e r Larena was activist who disappeared a B i l b a o b u s ! «intonio Hernandez-Gil, protest- " Catch 22" for journalists. It teh maltreatment they still arrested on F r i d a v when the ailysteriousiy last year. It was citizens handed] at least their second appear* ing at their continued repres- guaranteed press freedom, pro- receive from police when C i v i l Guard stopped a car and the pistols ance before a large crowd in jsion by the authorities and vided that the principles of the covering stories. '•[''•• ..<-;• driven by his brother, i n in the t o w n of the Basque country since July I :alling for press reform and National Movement and The way in which both Durango, near Bilbao. S e ñ o r by. I Larena, who was a passenger an amnesty. Franco's Fundamental Laws national and foreign reporters A t least one: i n the car, was charged under The document, drawn up by were not contravened. were herded away from Cara- ; A b o u t 15,000 people took men was subset; an 1870 l a w w i t h violation of the Committee for the Unity of part i n a demonstration i n San and the busines Now " attacks" on the banchsl prison during the., punishment imposed and was Journalists, lists 143 cases armed forces and the recent riots there was a typical Sebastian last night i n protest after paying a i detained at the Basauri p r i s o n against the Government's against journalists in th2 first monarchy—it is left to the example, although such treat-, in B i l b a o pending t r i a l . attempt to extradite a Basque six months of this year, includ- authorities to decide what is ment is far less frequent than • S e ñ o r L a r e n a is said to be suspect recently arrested in ing military trials, fines, sei- considered offensive—have before. the only one of the 10 exiled France i n connexion w i t h the. zures, dismissals and even become the main stumbling The other worrying factor bomb attacks on offices. The Basques who i l l e g a l l y returned k i d n a p p i n g and murder of a' blocks for journalists. About for Spanish journalists is the to Spain to be arrested so far. Bilbao businessman. The crowd, number for the second half of 30 journalists are awaiting increase in the number of dis- last vear was 164. L e g a l sources said that he also shouted for the release of military trial on such charges. missals. Sixty-eight journalists could have to serve the remain- Senor Larena. The ambivaien and at times " Ultras n in the armed have been dismissed so far this der of his prison sentence of 20 precarious position of jour- year, compared with 46 in the In Bilbao, the c i v i l governor forces, which include the para- years, if convicted of the new fined a right-wing extremist nalists despite the end of the same period last year—some of military Civil Guard and the offence. £680 without t r i a l for threaten- dxtatorsnip i". illustrated by Policía Armada, are particu- them, the committee says, for the case of Señor Alfonso Palo- The case could cause con- i n g people with a p'stol. He larly sensitive to criticism. ideological reasons. However, was one of three men who tried mares, editor of the news mag- siderable resentment among A look at any news stand in pant of the increase may be and i t might oblige to intimidate a Crowd in azine Posible, indicted by a Basques, Spain shows that what the because many of the publica- the Government to grant un- Amorebieta, near Bilbao, last military court this week on press is allowed to publish now tions to have sprung up since.^' conditional amnesty for a l l Tuesday. T h e c r o w d captured 'EST t charges of offending the armed in the political and sexual the death of Franco are.prt>v-V political offenders. and disarmed the other two K forces. sphere bears no comparison ing financially unflallje,> forc- Senator J u a n M a r í a B a n d i e s who turned out to be policed Señor Palomares wrote an with the barren FrancoTRANSICIÓN era, ing editors to reduce-Staff. men i n c i v i l i a n clothes. There! of the Basque province of arricls recalling the civil war' although the same press laws With the creation this month ' G u i p ú z c o a , a prominent legal has been no official announce activities of Señor Carlos Arias of a Ministry of Culture and • ! pani exist, most importantly the Ley defender of Basques accused of ment of what action is to be Navarro, Prime Minister of the Fraga of 1966. Wellbeing to replace the old political offences, told a taken against the policemen. first Government under King That law, drawn up by Senor Information and Tourism j reporter for the independent luan Carlos and the last under I n P a m p l o n a the offices ol. Manuel Fraga Iribarue when Ministry, the press laws will M a d r i d newspaper El Pais: the right-wing N e w F o r c e were break Franco. After the fall of Information Minister, was at eventually be reformed. " I n m y opinion the Govern- wrecked by u n k n o w n attacker; Málaga during the war Señor that time an advance, replacing The committee says in Its; ment has put its foot i n it again who destroyed equipment, sui Arias prosecuted many Repub- prepublication censorship and report: "The fact that democ- with the arrest of Larena, and plies, furniture and propaganda licans, some of whom were sen- leaving editors to decide racy is still on its way con- • i t w i l l have to f i n d a way out. material, causing damage o. stay c tenced to deith. whether an article was likely tinues to weigh heavily on the L e t total amnesty be applied more than £1,000. F r o m H a r r y D u l Señor Palomares, who has to incur prosecution or art press and newsmen .almost as M a d r i d , A u g 15- appeared many times be.;.ve order for its withdrawal. much as it did in the final: military tribunals, faces a max- Now the law is more days of the dictatorship. We . Service was f or nearly n o r m a imum "of six years' imprison- liberally, interpreted, ' as the have contributed to the change on the Costa de ment. He recently pubnsued a journalists' document bears at the risk of our job security, though others f novel basad on the diff'^vlt 'witness-. Only one page was 'our physical integri'.y and. our bound, after m life of a journalist under withdrawn by order this year, individual liberty " Franco. had broken up w h i c h workers \ whether to acci an o v e r a l l inct month. T h e m e e t i n g 3,000 to 4,00 'fistaurant emplc iute i n the aftei | wood on the out molinos, near M Fundación hour and a hall speakers we? shouted d o w n b; 1 which apparent! tlnuing the strij ended w i t h o u t I taken on the a | had been tent] last n i g h t by re •SSSf management an{ A s a results

\ \ William Chislett assesses Sr Adolfo Suarez's first year as Prime Minister O

The who has outwitted all Spain's o : V - ••"'••i-i;pr:i¡ií.>,¡'y ;- ' M a d r i d 43, the transition to democracy '. ">''V«Í ;.^ H e came into touch w i t h « • t. o W h e n K i n g Juan Carios h a d not even started, despite A d m i r a l L u i s Carrero B l a n c o , ¡ M i n i s t e r w y * i a l l the l i b e r a l noises made by he was faced appointed S r A d o l f o S u á r e z the eminence grise of G e n e r a l having to perform a w h o W i P r i m e minister a year ago people l i k e S r M a n u e l Fraga, Franco, who was later . assas- the Interior M i n i s t e r in the series of faenas : getting t f S '•there were many who threw up sinated b y the Basque separa- Cortes to c o m m i t hara-kiri c a n their arms i n despair-believing A r i a s Government, who tist organization E T A . . W h e n refused serve Suarez inig general elections, lega'liziO i at that time that this sounded to i n the S r Suarez was o n l y 35, he was Española trade unions, .starting a d i » Government: a blessing i n dis- , the death k n e l l for any elected as family M P for A v i l a logue w i t h the opposition a Q attempts to move Spain to guise for S r Suarez for the and a year later was appointed true conservative colours granting an amnesty. democracy. of Sr C i v i l Governor of Segovia. H e F r a g a were soon revealed There was also the d e l i c Q L i b e r a l s breathed a sigh of got k n o w k i n g when when f o r m e d neofran- to the h e issue of depoliticizing relief -when die k i n g sum- he the was appointed director general coist P o p u l a r A l l i a n c e . armed forces and at the same m o n e d S r Carlos A r i a s , his of the State r u n television i n time convincing them of y*> first P r i m e M i n i s t e r and Gen- The Francoists thought they .1959 a n d used occasionally t o need for change and, most dif- e r a l Franco's last, on a bright •would be able to control S r discuss programmes with h i m . ficult of a l l , scrapping sunny m o r n i n g and demanded Suarez, p a r t i c u l a r l y as his F o u r years w i t h television movement and legalizing his resignation. when B u t Sr name was p u t forward as one and his experiences w i t h the Communist Party : a l l w < S u á r e z was named as his r e of the three candidates for the movement gave h i m indispens- faced with pressure from placement a curtain of gloom j o b by S r Torcuato Fernandez able inside knowledge _ of the right not to go too fast . and despondency descended M i r a n d a , the h i g h l y conserva- intricacies of the regime, S r from the left to get a move upon the opposition. tive President of the Cortes F e l i p e Gonzalez, the socialist and w i t h i n the framework . ,Sr A r i a s had been a disas- a n d of the C o u n c i l of the leader, says of h i m : " H e is a the tortuous Francoist legalitr"")] R e a l m , bastion F r a n - trous P r i m e M i n i s t e r appointed the of clever m a n without ideology. A H e q u i c k l y introduced a uevJ co is m responsible for drawing . under pressure from the solitary Francoist who can't be style into the n e a h d e r O Ï B u n k e r , the entrenched die- u p the list of candidates for the political life. Gone were fhe k i n g . identified w i t h any ; of the h a r d Francoistis, and w h i l e Sr operations or currents of F r a n - bombastic threatening s p e e c Q s of the ancien régime amd^-in S u á r e z was not classed i n the W h a t they d i d not imme- coism." S r Suarez kept h i m s e l f their place a willingness Q 0 same league few thought he diately realize was that S r Fer- impeccably above any scandal. i was the ideal m a n for that del- mandez M i r a n d a ' s first loyalty " l i s t e n " . , . ~ . I n 1975 after a Jaw. was icate period. was to the k i n g as his o l d Sr S u á r e z was quickly giWit approved allowing p o l i t i c a l ,| . . . W h o better to destroy the tutor. The k i n g had ha d his eye a bronca ( h á r s h reprehensdO] F r a n c o regime than a product on S r Suarez for some time for associations w i t h i n the frame- w o r k of the movement he when he announced t b a t T i < of that same regime ? R e f o r m he was impressed by his sin- would attempt a i l the faeQs f r o m w i t h i n the system, i n - founded the U n i o n of the cerity, energy, intelligence and Sr Jose A n t o n i o Giron, heacLo stead of revolution from wirh- youthfukiess. Spanish People which i r o n i - .JI1ËL». cally, though not surprisingly General Franco's c i v i l Q i •' S u á r e z , M i n i s t e r out. S r the of It was no coincidence that given "blueness" veterans a n d a member of A h S U General Franco's National its (the the k i n g chose someone who colour of the Falangist shirt) C o u n c i l of the Realm, w a i L é i M o v e m e n t i n the A r i a s belonged to his same genera- , Government, was known to be Sr Suàrez at the press conference marking the formation of his Centre Democratic Union before the election. jj formed the base of the P o p u l a r that i t w o u l d not be easy A ) tion—the generation, w h i c h as A l l i a n c e ' : the m a i n enemy of - ambitious politician, the " traitors " . isjJT¡ an but one politician put it, " w a s Sr. Suarez's Democratic Centre never as one capable of neither conquerors S r S u á r e z once admitted^) of the nor "I feel a n d I believe that I U n i v e r s i t y a n d later j o i n e d the Libyrinthiaii p o l i t i c a l system tdve posts where he soon came Unfian i n the general election. "c destroying the very system the conquered and was not a m a d e m o c r a t " S r S u á r e z said M a d r i d Bar Association. came i n his early twenties into contact w i t h the move- private that he faced mar ;V w h i c h had brought h i m to traumatized " . w h e n he was M o v e m e n t M i n i s - H i s family were comfortable w h e n Sr Herrero Tejedor, who ment.. H e was never a commit- W i t h the death of G e n e r a l opposition f r o m the right O t i i! power. The k i n g , far more politi- ter. The opposition, s t i l l perse- m i d d l e class a n d .Catholic in a n exercised a profound influence, ted' Falangist, but l i k e m a n y F r a n c o h e was, appointed from the opposition. PeriHr. .-.[' W i t h everything l o o k i n g a c a l l y aware then than he was cuted i n v a r y i n g TRANSICIÓN degrees, area renowned for its religious on S r S u á r e z , was nominated people without money o r con- M o v e m e n t M i n i s t e r and k e p t this is w h y even such pa&t • i little too rosy at the moment given credit for, was s t i l l laughed. S r S u á r e z ' s biography feeling—Avila, the capital of c i v i l govenor a n d automatically tacts the o n l y way to get ahead l o w profile. B u t he d i d n o t cians as S r Santiago C a r Q i after the general election, k n o w n i n that dark time as as a democrat was h a r d l y con- his home province, was also movement head of A v i l a . S r politically was to w o r k y o u r waste t i m e bs soon as he was the. communist leader, are (~) w h i c h confirmed Sr S u á r e z i n appointed P r i m e M i n i s t e r . " J u a n Carlos the B r i e f " . H e v i n c i n g . : • the home of the mystic St S u á r e z by then had become way u p the movement, w h i c h pro S u á r e z . It certainly ]ia his post, it seems that a cen- k n e w better than anyone, w i t h Teresa. popular i n A v i l a after starting he d i d . '; • ' '• ' • ••' There i s a story t o l d i n B o r n i n Cebreros¿ a Castilian ' . •, been a most difficult y e a r Q c . j tury and not a year has passed the m e m o r y o f the fate of his a s m a l l private c r a m m e r . H i s H e was remembered as ded- Cebreros of young Suarez r u n - village of 5,000 inhabitants, he So handsome was Sr S u á r e z S r S u á r e z and he has yet t/"h since his appointment. grandfather A l f o n s o X I I I , who name was recommended to 'Sr icating himself w h o l l y to a n y n i n g i n front of the bulls dur- was one of five c h i l d r e n of a w h e n he was young .and also g o r e d N o w that he has^_gi • It is arguable that if the went into exile i n 1931 when quite r e l i g i o u s ' that worried Tejedor, a member of the Pus task i n w h i c h he was i n v o l v e d . i n g the village's annual fiesta government lawyer. A c t i v e i n I k i n g h a d not got rid of S r the r e p u b l i c was established, girls i n the village, taken by . D e i , the lay C a t h o K c organisa- (His grandfather o n c e t o l d h i m w h e n be used to show, l i k e so himself a mandate to g o Œ i'¿¿ A r i a s S p a i n would have that unless there were definite the Catholic A c t i o n organiza- h i s charm, a s k e d h i m whether t i o n . \ j. when he was a c h i l d that " i f many Spaniards, a certain f l a i r he w i l l find the opposr-y reached an impasse. W h e n Sr changes the nickname might t i o n he studied l a w on his o w n he w o u l d become a priest. '; . S r Suarez h e l d a serifs of vou go on l i k e this y o u w i l l be as a matador. T h e image is apt much more keen to keep T i i S u á r e z took over at the age of come true. t a k i n g his exams at Salamanca H i s first contact w i t h the m i n o r provincial admaicstra- P r i m e M i n i s t e r one day.') for w h e n h e became P r i m e on his toes". O

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