DOCSLIB.ORG

Prosperity and Plunder Derek Beales Index More Information Www

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59090-7 — Prosperity and Plunder Derek Beales Index More Information INDEX Aa, the, Jesuit brotherhood, 148 Albert, prince, of Saxe-Teschen, 216, 219, Abbaye-aux-Bois see Paris 226 abb´e, definition, 19 Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg, 51–2 ‘abb´e’, article by Voltaire, 236 Alcobac¸a, Cistercian monastery, Portugal, 124, abbess(es), 5, 21, 33–4, 59, 86, 99, 240 153, Ill. 20 abbeys, definition, 18 Alembert, Jean d’, philosophe, 103, 145, 156, 167, abbot(s), 5 177 authority challenged, 174, 182, 233 Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek,71 in Belgium, 210, 211, 219, 221–3, 297 Allio, Donato Felice d’, 54 commendatory, 33, 89, 104–6, 174, 204, 219, Alps, the, 112 250, 253, 314 Alsace, 87, 93 definition, 18–19 altars, 40, 78 elections, 33–4, 104 Altbayern, 74 as enlightened rulers, 81 Altenburg, Benedictine monastery, Lower Austria, in France, 107 15 grand state, 235, 236, 238 America, 116 of humble origin, 78, 293 ancien r´egime, nature of, 13 imperial, ch. 2; 59 Angelico, Fra, 135, 294 of Melk, 45–6 Angers, 14 power of, 74–6, 174, 294 Anjou, 86 see also Estates, generals, monasteries, monks Apology for Womankind, 182 Acta sanctorum, 90, 221 appel comme d’abus, 171 Afflighem, Belgian abbey, 213 Aquinas, St Thomas, 80 Africa, north, 115, 116, 150 Aragon, 112 Aftalion, Florin, historian, 304 Aranda, count of, 159, 164, 167 afterlife, 120 Aranjuez, 159 agriculture, monastic, 87–8, 96, 213 archangels, 120 see also landownership, wine archbishop(s) see bishop(s) 371 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59090-7 — Prosperity and Plunder Derek Beales Index More Information index architecture and buildings, 4, 56 compared with France, 169 church, beauty of, 268 constituent parts, 179 French Revolution and, 70–1, 84–5, 264, 265–7 and Counter-Reformation, ch. 2; 181 neo-classical, 70–1, 95 education reform, 190, 225, 226 survival of monastic, 294 and Jesuit suppression, 161–6 see also Baroque, and under individual countries monasteries, monks and nuns, numbers of, 86, Aretin, Freiherr J.C. von, 308 130, 180, 185, 316; in nineteenth century, 226; Aretin, Freiherr K.O. von, 309 rebuilding and Baroquisation, ch. 2; 181–2; aristocracy see nobility reform, ch. 8, compared with France, 169; Arles, 89 suppressions, ch. 8; 8, 161–6; consequences, armies 306, number, 194–7; surviving, 226, 228, 306, of France, revolutionary, 272, 274 307 monastic, 59 population, 180 Arnaud, Baculard d’, 111, 238 rulers’ power over the Church, 7 Arnauld, Ang´elique, 89, 104 Turkish war (1787–91), 225 Arr´abidas, Portuguese Order, 122 variations between provinces, 180, 184 Arras, abbey of St Vaast, 87, 232, 307 and Weingarten, 66 Artois, 87, 232, 235 see also Belgium, Bohemia, Galicia, Hungary, Asam brothers, 294 Jesuits, Josephism, Lombardy assassination Austrian Netherlands see Belgium attempts, 151, 154 Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–8), 103–4, Jesuits alleged to approve, 148, 155, 160 144, 181 Assembly of Notables in France (1787), 239 Aveiro, duke of, 151 assignats, 259, 304–5 Averbode, Premonstratensian abbey in Belgium, Assisi, 126, 294 293 Augsburg, 72 Avignon, 162, 270, 271 Augustine, St, 21, 35, 36 Augustinian Orders, 4, 12, 21, 29, 35, 46, 72, 87, Bacon, Francis, 156 88, 115, 159, 163, 164 Balkans, 18, 54 Augustinus,35 ballets, 52, 98 Augustus, king of Poland and elector of Saxony, 27 balloon ascents, 73, 215 Austria (the Austrian duchies/modern republic), Barnave, 255 8–9, 14–15, 16, 18, 22–3, 30, 33, 39–57, 195, Barry, Mme du, 101 197 Baroque, 13, 143 dioceses, 45 criticised, 69, 95, 294 historians, 181 decline of, 69, 70–3, 143, 181 Lower, 42, 82, 180 fine examples of monastic, 294 monasteries, 39–57, 58, 74, 84, 87, 179, 180, French, 39, 93, 94–6 181, 226, 227, 307 German and Austrian, 39–41, 49–68, 76–9, Upper, 51, 66, 78, 183, 202 181–2 Austrian Empire (after 1804), 8 Italian, 39, 60 Austrian Monarchy, ch. 8; 2, 27, 34, 58, 73, 78–81, and popular culture, 76–9, 81 82, 127 Spanish and Portuguese, 118, 122, 123 alliance with France, 162 Basel, Treaty of (1795), 280, 284 area, 179 Basilian monasteries, 316 Babenberg rulers of, 42, 54 Batthy´any, count Joseph, cardinal archbishop of central provinces, 180, 185, 226 Esztergom, 209 372 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59090-7 — Prosperity and Plunder Derek Beales Index More Information index Baudeau, abb´e, 295 Revolution in, 219–25 Bavaria, 3, 7, 14–15, 28, 33, 45, 51, 58, 66, 74, 79, and treaties, 211 80, 284, 285–6 United Republic Academy, 80, 106 and the Vienna government, 211, 212 exchange proposal, 217 wealth, 212 and Jesuits, 162 see also Brabant, Flanders, Hainaut, Luxembourg monastic wealth, 82, 289 bells, 96, 153, 183–4, 215, 264, 273, 309 suppressions, 58, 285, 286, 289–90; state’s Benedict, St, 126, 237 gains from, 289, 290; views on, 308–10 Benedict XIII, pope 1724–30, 7 Bayle, Pierre, 28 Benedict XIV, pope 1740–58, 36–7, 129, 148, 151, Bazin, Germain, 49–68, 94 155 B´earn, 87 Benedictine Order(s), Benedictines, 4, 7, 12, 14–15, Beaumont, Christophe de, archbishop of Paris, 19–21, 29–30, 37, 46, 49, 63, 74–82, 88, 89, 153–4 115, 126, 159 Bec, abbey, Normandy, 92, 105, 251, Ill. 15(a) and brotherhoods, 78 and (b) Cluniac branch, 86 Beccaria, marchese Cesare, 187 English congregation, 76 Beckford, William, 120, 153 Exempt, Order of, 174–5 Vathek, 313 history, 90 B´edos, dom, 94, Ill. 9 in Hungary, 207, 208 Beer, Michael, architect, 60 learning and scholarship, 89–91; see also beer, production by monasteries, 4, 50–1, 213, 218 Maurists Beethoven, Ludwig van, 52, 272 under Napoleon, 268 Bel´em, Portuguese monastery, 115 Portuguese reform, 122 Belgium, 8–9, 30, 35, 90, 179–80, 204, 217, 260, in Spain, 156, 159 277, 283, 316 in towns, 134 clergy, numbers in relation to population, 212 Benediktbeuren abbey, 14–15 comparison with France, 231 Benevento, 162 constitutions, 210, 211 Bentley, Thomas, 87 and Enlightenment, 212 Berlin, 71, 312 and Francis II, 226 Bernard, St, 90 French invasions, 226 Bessel, Gottfried, abbot of Gottweig,¨ 55 French rule, 226, 231; comparison with Bianchi, Isidoro, 139 Germany, 289 Bible, 35, 36, 52, 68, 113, 163 inaugurations: Joseph II, 213, 216; Leopold Birnau abbey, 78–9 II, 226; Francis II, 226 bishop(s), archbishop(s), 5, 7, 21, 30, 31, 33 and Jansenism, 181, 212 aristocratic, 78, 97, 104 and Joseph II’s policies, 143, 219–21, 222 as commendatory abbots, 104, 105 and Leopold II, 225–6, 260 in Estates, 96, 209 monasteries, monks and nuns: criticised, 213; and French education, 169 defended by bishops, 213, by Estates of and French Revolution, 241, 259, 264 Hainaut, 213; landholding, 213; lifestyle, 213; and Jansenists, 153–4 numbers, 212, 231, 348, in relation to and monasteries, monks and nuns, 89, 97, 109, population, 180; popular support for, 226; 170, 172–5, 182, 213 suppressions by Joseph II, 216, reversed, 226; prince-, 58, 78, 284 suppressions by French, 226; wealth, 213 seminaries, 31, 132, 194 population, 212 Blanchard, 215 373 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59090-7 — Prosperity and Plunder Derek Beales Index More Information index Blanning, T.C.W., historian, 14 on French monasticism, 256, 257, 313–15 Blickle, Peter, historian, 60–2 Reflections on the Revolution in France, 13, 88, 219, Boaga, G., historian, 128 256–7 Bohemia, 30, 33, 39, 57, 181, 203 Burney, Dr Charles, historian of music, 69, 139 ratio of regulars to population, 180 Busenbaum, Hermann, Jesuit canonist, 148, 165 Boisgelin, archbishop of Aix, 253 Byzantine monasteries, 131 Bolland, Jean, 90 Bollandists, 221 Caen, abbeys of, 92, 234, 294 Bologna, Concordat of (1516), 103 Caff`e, Il, 139, 187 and monasteries, 131 cahiers de dol´eance, 240, 264 Bonaparte see Napoleon attitudes to monasteries in those of the clergy, Bondorf, duchy of, 69 240–1; of the nobility, 242; of the Third Bonneval abbey, 251 Estate, 241–2; overall, 242 Bordeaux, abbey of Ste-Croix, 94 reliability as evidence, 240 Born, Ignaz von, 202 Cahors, 242 Monachologia, 202 Calais, 87 Bosher, J.F., historian, 19 Calas, Jean, 146 Boskovic, Rudjer, Jesuit scientist, 147, 295 Calasanz, Jos´e, 128 Bourbon dynasty, Spanish, 114, 157, 208 calendar, Christian, replaced by revolutionary, Bouteville, French minister in Belgium, 272–3 264–5, 282 Brabant, duchy of, 210 Calonne, French minister, 239 Council of, 210, 219, 221 Calvin, Calvinism, 10, 73, 181, 199 Estates of, 210, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, Camaldoli, 134, 136, 276 225, 226 Order of, 139 revolutions: little (1787), 219; major (1789), 215, Cambre, La, Cistercian nunnery, Belgium, 213 226 Cambridge, colleges, 13–14, 91, 296, 315 Brandenburg, 59 Campoformio, Treaty of (1797), 284 Brantome,ˆ Maurist abbey, 92 Campomanes, Pedro de, 159–60, 167 Brazil, 122, 149, 150, 151, 281 canonesses, 101 Brest, 241 of Ste-Waudru, Mons, 226 Brewer, Bede, 76 canons, 17, 21, 22, 78, 226 Brienne, archbishop and cardinal Lom´enie de, cantatas, 52 103–6, 170, 173, 177, 193, 239, 246 Caprara, Cardinal Giovanni Battista, papal nuncio Britain, 9, 12, 113, 221, 257, 264, 271, 281 in Vienna, 201, 202 British monasteries abroad, 74 Capuchins, 7, 21, 29, 31, 37, 39, 94, 107–8, 280, Brittany, 156 296 brotherhoods, 28, 30, 78, 80, 88, 108, 114, 155, characteristics, 107 179, 183, 197, Ill. 28 numbers, 108, 147, 236 Brothers of the Christian Schools, Christian ‘poverty’ criticised, 187 Brothers, 109, 111, 268 reluctant to leave cloister, 258 Broutier, Premonstratensian monk, property, 91 some support revolutionary governments, 275 Bruckner, Anton, 307 vocations, 144 Brussels, 11, 112, 219, 225, 272 cardinals, 7, 34 Coudenberg monastery, 220, 221, Ill.
Recommended publications
  • December Saints

    December Saints

    Saint of the Day December December 1: St. Edmund Campion, Martyr St. Edmund Campion was born in 1540 in Protestant London. An exceptionally bright child, he was given a good education. He went to Oxford in 1557, during the last year of Catholic Queen Mary’s reign. In 1566, he was given the honor of leading a debate in front of Queen Elizabeth I, who was impressed by him. He became a deacon in Church of England, but soon regretted it. He left England to enter a Catholic seminary in France and became a Jesuit in 1573. He knew then that he desired to return to England and secretly minister to Catholics there, despite the dangers. In 1580, St. Edmund went back to England disguised as a jewel merchant. He secretly preached and said Masses for one year before he was arrested, imprisoned and martyred in 1581. St. Edmund is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. December 2: St. Bibiana, Virgin and Martyr St. Bibiana was an early Christian martyr, probably living during the late 4th century in Rome. Christianity had been made legal by Constantine, but persecutions continued. Bibiana’s parents were martyred, leaving Bibiana and her sister Demetria alone in poverty. They fasted and prayed, refusing to give up their faith. Demetria died of hunger and Bibiana, after undergoing harsh questioning, died a few days later. Their home was turned into a church, and is now the site of the Basilica of Santa Bibiana. December 3: St. Francis Xavier St. Francis Xavier was born in Spain in 1506.
  • José Eloy Hortal Muñoz, Pierre-François Pirlet, and África Espíldora García (Eds), El Ceremonial En La Corte De Bruselas Del Siglo Xvii

    José Eloy Hortal Muñoz, Pierre-François Pirlet, and África Espíldora García (Eds), El Ceremonial En La Corte De Bruselas Del Siglo Xvii

    Early Modern Low Countries 3 (2019) 2, pp. 306-307 - eISSN: 2543-1587 306 Note José Eloy Hortal Muñoz, Pierre-François Pirlet, and África Espíldora García (eds), El ceremonial en la Corte de Bruselas del siglo xvii. Los manuscritos de Francisco Alonso Lozano, Brussels, Commission Royale d’Histoire, 2018, 271 pp. isbn 978-2-87044-016-2 Since the 1970s, numerous studies have been devoted to the history of the princely courts of Europe. Many of these have focused on the magnificent royal courts of France, England, and Spain, but in recent years the courts of smaller principalities, too, have been researched extensively. By comparison, the court of Brussels has received scant attention in historiography. Owing to its reputation as a subaltern court of the Spanish monarchy, the Brussels court was often considered to have been of secondary importance at best. Most scholars have therefore tended to concen- trate on the first decades of the seventeenth century, when the archdukes Albert and Isa- bella (1598-1633) inhabited the palace on the city’s Coudenberg hill and created a court that rivalled many others in size and opulence. While these studies have greatly contrib- uted to our knowledge of the Brussels court as a centre of international diplomacy and culture, its history during the second half of the seventeenth century has remained largely unexplored. From the 1660s onwards the Coudenberg palace became the residence of a rapid succession of governors, few of whom remained in the Low Countries long enough to take a vested interest in its upkeep. The resulting scholarly indifference towards this later period has also been affected by the problematic archival situation, as relevant sources are scattered across multiple European archives.
  • THE ICONOGRAPHY of MEXICAN FOLK RETABLOS by Gloria Kay

    THE ICONOGRAPHY of MEXICAN FOLK RETABLOS by Gloria Kay

    The iconography of Mexican folk retablos Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Giffords, Gloria Fraser, 1938- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 20:27:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552047 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MEXICAN FOLK RETABLOS by Gloria Kay Fraser Giffords A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ART In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS WITH A MAJOR IN HISTORY OF ART In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 9 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manu­ script in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: Robert M.
  • Provenienzen Von Inkunabeln Der BSB

    Provenienzen Von Inkunabeln Der BSB

    Provenienzen von Inkunabeln der BSB Nähere historisch-biographische Informationen zu den einzelnen Vorbesitzern sind enthalten in: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek: Inkunabelkatalog (BSB-Ink). Bd. 7: Register der Beiträger, Provenienzen, Buchbinder. [Redaktion: Bettina Wagner u.a.]. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2009. ISBN 978-3-89500-350-9 In der Online-Version von BSB-Ink (http://inkunabeln.digitale-sammlungen.de/sucheEin.html) können die in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek vorhandenen Inkunabeln aus dem Besitz der jeweiligen Institution oder Person durch Eingabe des Namens im Suchfeld "Provenienz" aufgefunden werden. Mehrteilige Namen sind dabei in Anführungszeichen zu setzen; die einzelnen Bestandteile müssen durch Komma getrennt werden (z.B. "Abensberg, Karmelitenkloster" oder "Abenperger, Hans"). 1. Institutionen Ort Institution Patrozinium Abensberg Karmelitenkloster St. Maria (U. L. Frau) Aichach Stadtpfarrkirche Beatae Mariae Virginis Aldersbach Zisterzienserabtei St. Maria, vor 1147 St. Petrus Altdorf Pfarrkirche Altenhohenau Dominikanerinnenkloster Altomünster Birgittenkloster St. Peter und Paul Altötting Franziskanerkloster Altötting Kollegiatstift St. Maria, St. Philipp, St. Jakob Altzelle Zisterzienserabtei Amberg Franziskanerkloster St. Bernhard Amberg Jesuitenkolleg Amberg Paulanerkloster St. Joseph Amberg Provinzialbibliothek Amberg Stadtpfarrkirche St. Martin Andechs Benediktinerabtei St. Nikolaus, St. Elisabeth Angoulême Dominikanerkloster Ansbach Bibliothek des Gymnasium Carolinum Ansbach Hochfürstliches Archiv Aquila Benediktinerabtei
  • Rottenburger Jahrbuch Für Kirchengeschichte

    Rottenburger Jahrbuch Für Kirchengeschichte

    Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte Rottenburger Im Jahr 1907 versuchte der Vatikan mit dem Dekret „Lamentabili“ und der Enzy- Rottenburger klika „Pascendi“ moderne Denkansätze in der katholischen Theologie zu unter- Jahrbuch für binden. Ausgehend von diesen zentra- len Dokumenten zeichnen die Beiträge Kirchengeschichte im neuen Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte die Entwicklung der Zensur Kontrolle von Wissen durch Kirche und Staat im neuzeitlichen Europa nach. abweichender Meinungen Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zur rö- mischen Inquisition und Indexkongre- durch Kirche und Staat gation werden aufgegriffen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk legen die Beiträge auf den Modernismusstreit in- nerhalb der katholischen Kirche. Ein ei- gener Abschnitt ist den „Modernisten“ der Diözese Rottenburg gewidmet. 2009 Geschichtsverein der Diözese 28 Rottenburg-Stuttgart Thorbecke Band 28 | 2009 ISBN 978-3-7995-6378-9 ISSN 0722-7531 7 8 3 7 9 9 5 6 3 7 rjkg28_cover.indd 1 05.05.11 16:52 63789_rjkg28_s1_4.qxd:Titelei_RJKG_25 02.05.2011 8:36 Uhr Seite 1 Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte Band 28 · 2009 63789_rjkg28_s1_4.qxd:Titelei_RJKG_25 02.05.2011 8:36 Uhr Seite 2 63789_rjkg28_s1_4.qxd:Titelei_RJKG_25 02.05.2011 8:36 Uhr Seite 3 Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte Band 28 · 2009 Herausgegeben vom Geschichtsverein der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart Jan Thorbecke Verlag 63789_rjkg28_s1_4.qxd:Titelei_RJKG_25 02.05.2011 8:36 Uhr Seite 4 Bei unverlangt eingehenden Rezensionsexemplaren kann keine Gewähr für Besprechung und Rücksendung übernommen werden. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2011 by Jan Thorbecke Verlag der Schwabenverlag AG, Ostfildern www.thorbecke.de · [email protected] Alle Rechte vorbehalten.
  • Separate but Equal: Cistercian Lay Brothers 1120-1350

    Separate but Equal: Cistercian Lay Brothers 1120-1350

    All content available from the Liturgical Press website is protected by copyright and is owned or controlled by Liturgical Press. You may print or download to a local hard disk the e-book content for your personal and non-commercial use only equal to the number of copies purchased. Each reproduction must include the title and full copyright notice as it appears in the content. UNAUTHORIZED COPYING, REPRODUCTION, REPUBLISHING, UPLOADING, DOWNLOADING, DISTRIBUTION, POSTING, TRANS- MITTING OR DUPLICATING ANY OF THE MATERIAL IS PROHIB- ITED. ISBN: 978-0-87907-747-1 CISTERCIAN STUDIES SERIES: NUMBER TWO HUNDRED FORTY-SIX Separate but Equal Cistercian Lay Brothers 1120–1350 by James France Cistercian Publications www.cistercianpublications.org LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Cistercian Publications title published by Liturgical Press Cistercian Publications Editorial Offices Abbey of Gethsemani 3642 Monks Road Trappist, Kentucky 40051 www.cistercianpublications.org © 2012 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, mi- crofiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data France, James. Separate but equal : Cistercian lay brothers, 1120-1350 / by James France. p cm. — (Cistercian studies series ; no. 246) Includes bibliographical references (p.
  • The Trinitarian Iconography

    The Trinitarian Iconography

    Vol. 13 FOLIA HISTORICA CRACOVÍENSIA 2007 A n d r z e j W it k o THE TRINITARIAN ICONOGRAPHY The Trinitarian Order, Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis de Redemptione Cap- tivorum, was founded by St. John de Matha (d. 1213) with the participation of St. Felix de Valois (d. 1212). The first abode was located in Cerfroid, in the diocese of Meaux in France. Pope Innocent III approved the Order in his bull Operante divine dispositionis of December 17, 1198 and ratified the Rule written by St. John de Matha who described the aim of the Trinitarian mission as ransoming captives from pagans as well as providing hospital care to the sick and the poor. The Trinit­ arians wear white habits with a blue and red cross on their scapulars and black cloaks. The Order grew very fast in numbers in France where they were also called Maturinians from their Parisian location dedicated to St. Maturin. They spread to Spain, Portugal, Scotland, England, Italy, and Germany. Later they also came to Poland, and the territories of present Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Austria where they were called White Spaniards. From the very beginning they were involved in redemption and missionary work in North Africa. After a few at­ tempts at reforming the Order in France, Spain and Portugal in the 16th century, St. John Baptist of the Conception carried out a radical reform, approved by the Pope Clement VIII in his brief Ad militantis Ecclesiae of August 20, 1599. This started a branch of Spanish Discalced Trinitarians, the only one still existing today; since the Order went through difficult times in the 19th century due to the French Revolu­ tion and numerous suppressions'.
  • Coudenberg Palace Brussels

    Coudenberg Palace Brussels

    COUDENBERG PALACE BRUSSELS From Medieval Castle to Archaeological Site SCIENTIFIC DIRECTION: Vincent Heymans COORDINATION: Laetitia Cnockaert and Frédérique Honoré AUTHORS: P. Anagnostopoulos, A. Buyle, P. Charruadas, L. Cnockaert, M. de Waha, S. Demeter, Y. Devos, C. Dickstein-Bernard, A. Dierkens, M. Fourny, C. Gaier, M. Galand, D. Guilardian, S. Guri, V. Heymans, J. Houssiau, J.-P. Huys, C. Loir, P. Lombaerde, M. Meganck, S. Modrie, C. Paredes, P. Sosnowska, S. van Sprang, B. Vannieuwenhuyze, A. Vanrie This publication has been produced by the Palais de Charles Quint ASBL, a non profit-making organisation, on the initiative of the Brussels Capital Region and the City of Brussels Scientific direction: Vincent Heymans Coordination: Laetitia Cnockaert and Frédérique Honoré Authors: Pierre Anagnostopoulos, Anne Buyle, Paulo Charruadas, Laetitia Cnockaert, Michel de Waha, Stéphane Demeter, Yannick Devos, Claire Dickstein-Bernard, Alain Dierkens, Michel Fourny, Claude Gaier, Michèle Galand, David Guilardian, Shipé Guri, Vincent Heymans, Jean Houssiau, Jean-Philippe Huys, Christophe Loir, Piet Lombaerde, Marc Meganck, Sylvianne Modrie, Cecilia Paredes, Philippe Sosnowska, Sabine van Sprang, Bram Vannieuwenhuyze, André Vanrie Their titles and institutions are given at the end of the book Scientific committee: Vincent Heymans (President), Pierre-Paul Bonenfant †, Marcel Celis, Stéphane Demeter, Alain Dierkens, Michel Fourny, Sylvianne Modrie, Anne Vandenbulcke, André Vanrie The scientific committee very much regrets that one of its members passed
  • Brussels 1 Brussels

    Brussels 1 Brussels

    Brussels 1 Brussels Brussels • Bruxelles • Brussel — Region of Belgium — • Brussels-Capital Region • Région de Bruxelles-Capitale • Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest A collage with several views of Brussels, Top: View of the Northern Quarter business district, 2nd left: Floral carpet event in the Grand Place, 2nd right: Brussels City Hall and Mont des Arts area, 3rd: Cinquantenaire Park, 4th left: Manneken Pis, 4th middle: St. Michael and St. Gudula Cathedral, 4th right: Congress Column, Bottom: Royal Palace of Brussels Flag Emblem [1] [2][3] Nickname(s): Capital of Europe Comic city Brussels 2 Location of Brussels(red) – in the European Union(brown & light brown) – in Belgium(brown) Coordinates: 50°51′0″N 4°21′0″E Country Belgium Settled c. 580 Founded 979 Region 18 June 1989 Municipalities Government • Minister-President Charles Picqué (2004–) • Governor Jean Clément (acting) (2010–) • Parl. President Eric Tomas Area • Region 161.38 km2 (62.2 sq mi) Elevation 13 m (43 ft) [4] Population (1 January 2011) • Region 1,119,088 • Density 7,025/km2 (16,857/sq mi) • Metro 1,830,000 Time zone CET (UTC+1) • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2) ISO 3166 BE-BRU [5] Website www.brussels.irisnet.be Brussels (French: Bruxelles, [bʁysɛl] ( listen); Dutch: Brussel, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbrʏsəɫ] ( listen)), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region[6][7] (French: Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, [ʁe'ʒjɔ̃ də bʁy'sɛlkapi'tal] ( listen), Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbrʏsəɫs ɦoːft'steːdələk xəʋɛst] ( listen)), is the capital
  • Wim Blockmans Court and City, a Tense Relation in the Burgundian Netherlands

    Wim Blockmans Court and City, a Tense Relation in the Burgundian Netherlands

    Wim Blockmans Court and City, a tense Relation in the Burgundian Netherlands [A stampa in Städtisches Bürgertum und Hofgesellschaft. Kulturen integrativer und konkurrierender Beziehungen in Residenz- und Hauptstädten vom 14. bis ins 19. Jahrhundert, a cura di Jan Hirschbiegel, Werner Paravicini e Jörg Wettlaufer, Ostfildern, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2012, pp. 71-79 © dell’autore - Distribuito in formato digitale da “Reti Medievali”, www.retimedievali.it]. Medieval lords and rulers tended to show off their supremacy by building strongholds, fortresses and residences on locations which were prominent in the landscape. Beyond the obvious tactical advantages of sitting on top of a mountain, the high visibility of such constructions permanently marked their holder’s position and should have impressed subjects and travellers. As the heads of a seigniorial hierarchy, territorial princes also possessed a number of such elevated castles and fortresses, testimonies of a memorable history. Some of these were situated in or close to cities, as it was the case in Mons, Namur, Limbourg or Dinant. Besides these traditionally military functions, princes also liked to reside in places near woods with great hunting facilities, both for their entertainment and for the provisioning of the household. Examples of these were Le Quesnoy, Tervuren, Male, Hesdin, and The Hague. Not all of these places developed substantial urban functions, as it was the case for the latter two. Only in the third instance came residences in cities without the attractions of the mountains and the woods. The following reflections will mainly deal with these locations. The questions to be addressed concern the motivations princes had to reside in cities where their castle did not stand at a distance from other buildings and did not rise higher than those; which problems they encountered there, and which tendency can be observed in the choices the princes of the houses of Burgundy and Habsburg made in the course of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
  • 1 Catholic Transtemporality Through the Lens of Andrea Pozzo and The

    1 Catholic Transtemporality Through the Lens of Andrea Pozzo and The

    1 Catholic Transtemporality through the Lens of Andrea Pozzo and the Jesuit Catholic Baroque A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Fine Arts of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Emily C. Thomason August 2020 © 2020 Emily C. Thomason. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Catholic Transtemporality through the Lens of Andrea Pozzo and the Jesuit Catholic Baroque by EMILY C. THOMASON has been approved for the School of Art + Design and the College of Fine Arts by Samuel Dodd Lecturer, School of Art + Design Matthew R. Shaftel Dean, College of Fine Arts 3 Abstract THOMASON, EMILY C, M.A., August 2020, Art History Catholic Transtemporality through the Lens of Andrea Pozzo and the Jesuit Catholic Baroque Director of Thesis: Samuel Dodd Andrea Pozzo was a lay brother for the Order of the Society of Jesus in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries who utilized his work in painting, architecture, and writing to attempt to create an ideal expression of sacred art for the Counter- Reformation Catholic Church. The focus of this study is on Pozzo’s illusionary paintings in Chiesa di Sant’Ignazio di Loyola in Rome as they coincide with his codification of quadratura and di sotto in su, as described through perspectival etchings and commentary in Perspectiva Pictorum et Architectorum. This thesis seeks to understand the work of Pozzo in context with his Jesuit background, examining his work under the lens of Saint Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises, as well as the cultural, political, and religious climates of Rome during the Counter-Reformation era.
  • Metro Maps on Octilinear Grid Graphs

    Metro Maps on Octilinear Grid Graphs

    Metro Maps on Octilinear Grid Graphs Hannah Bast 1, Patrick Brosi 1 and Sabine Storandt 2 1 University of Freiburg 2 University of Konstanz EuroVis 2020 - Norrköping, Sweden TubeMotivation map - Official London Tube Map 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Outside fare zones Outside Check before you travel Cheshunt Epping § East Ham Chesham Watford Junction fare zones No step-free access to the eastbound 9 Chalfont &8 7 8 7 6 5 Enfield Town 8 7 Theydon Bois Theobalds Grove 9 Latimer District line from Tuesday 23 July 2019 Watford High Street Bush Hill Debden Shenfield until early January 2020. Watford Cockfosters Amersham Park Turkey Street High Barnet Loughton --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Chorleywood Bushey Oakwood A § Heathrow Croxley Totteridge & Whetstone Southbury Chingford Buckhurst Hill 6 TfL Rail customers should change at Rickmansworth Carpenders Park Southgate Brentwood Woodside Park Edmonton Green Terminals 2 & 3 for free rail transfer Moor Park Roding Grange to Terminal 5. Arnos Grove Valley Hill 5 Hatch End Mill Hill East West Finchley Silver Street --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Northwood Highams Park Edgware Harold Wood Stanmore Bounds Green Chigwell § Hounslow West West Ruislip Headstone Lane 4 White Hart Lane Northwood Hills Hainault Step-free access for manual Finchley Central Woodford Gidea Park Hillingdon Ruislip Harrow & Canons Park Burnt Oak Wood Green Bruce Grove Pinner Wealdstone wheelchairs only. Ruislip Manor Harringay Wood Street Fairlop Romford Green South South --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uxbridge Queensbury Colindale East Finchley Turnpike Lane Woodford Ickenham North Harrow Lanes Tottenham Eastcote Barkingside § Services or access at these stations are Crouch Snaresbrook Emerson Park Kenton Kingsbury Hendon Central Highgate Blackhorse subject to variation.