Chinese Martial Arts: from Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century Peter A

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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87881-4 - Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century Peter A. Lorge Index More information

Index

Aiyaruk, 151–2 Bodhidharma, 107, 193 American Shaolin, 10, 230 bow, 5, 13–18, 20–1, 23–5, 27, 37, 39–40, An Lushan Rebellion, 97 42, 68, 70, 74, 80, 98, 100–1, 119–24, Analects, 32 126, 128, 132–3, 135–6, 140, 144–7, 153, Anthology of Literature (see Wen Xuan) 162, 167, 183, 185 Anyang, 13–14, 19 Boxer Uprising, 189 archery, 1–2, 5–6, 15–19, 30–2, 35, 38–43, boxing, 5, 10, 46–7, 56, 60, 68–9, 85, 105, 45–6, 49–52, 56, 64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 78, 132, 134, 147, 149–53, 165, 175–9, 182–3, 80–1, 83, 92, 98–101, 111, 118, 121–9, 192, 198, 205–6, 208, 124, 235, 241, 243 132–3, 136–7, 140–6, 148–50, 152, 154, Boxing Classic, 205–6 167, 180–1, 183–4, 187–9, 192, 196, 199, Bramin, 107 210, 225 Bronze Age, 15 aristocrat, 1, 14–18, 21–4, 28–30, 32–5, bronze pillar, 59 38–9, 44–5, 49–51, 76, 82, 84, 92, 95, Buddhism, 6–7, 28, 43, 93, 105, 107–8, 142, 97–8, 108, 143–4, 153–4 157, 159, 170, 192–3, 195, 203, 205, armor, 37–8, 40, 45–6, 62, 68, 74, 76, 78, 230–1, 233, 242 81–2, 85, 98, 101, 129, 140 Buddhist, 93, 105–7, 109, 143, 145, 157, artillery, 212 159, 170–4, 180, 182, 184, 192, 195, 201, artisans, 50 203–5, 224, 226, 230, 233 assassin, 35, 37, 47–8, 56–60, 63, 67, 83 Burton, Richard, 214 assassin–retainer, 47 cannon, 119, 167, 171, 185, 187, 212 authentic/authenticity, 3, 6–9, 202, 223, 235 Cao Cao, 77, 79–80 axe, 14, 18–21, 27, 70, 147, 183 Cao Han, 118 Bai Xiaode, 101 Cao Mei, 47–8 Bandit, 47, 75–6, 84, 88, 90, 94–5, 105–7, Cao Pi, 80–1 116, 118–19, 128–9, 138, 141, 148, Castle, Egerton, 214 153–4, 156, 164–5, 167, 170, 172–5, 183, Cavalry, 18, 23–4, 31, 38, 54, 64, 67, 69–70, 192, 204, 206, 218, 232 73–5, 78, 81–2, 87–92, 97–101, 103, 112, Bagua, 206–8, 210 122, 139, 134, 148–150, 158, 167–8, 170, Bao Zhilong, 232 181, 186–8 Baojia, 121, 127–9 Central Eurasia, 17, 22, 24 Bayonet, 218–19, 225 Chan (Zen) Buddhism, 43, 107–8, 111, 159, Biographies of Eminent Monks, 107 170

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87881-4 - Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century Peter A. Lorge Index More information

266 Index

Chan, Jackie, 236 eighteen weapons, 135, 146–7 Chang Naizhou, 206 Emei, Mount, 180 Chariot, 1, 15–18, 22–5, 27, 30–2, 34, empty-handed (see unarmed) 36–40, 44–6, 50, 193 Er Zhuzhao, 85 Chen Changxing, 206 58 Chen Kaige, 236 Fan Wuqi, 27 Chen Qingping, 206 Fang Shu, Chen Wangting, 206 farmer, 49–50, 76, 89–90, 92, 99–100, 116, Chen Xi, 65–6 121, 129, 135, 153, 158, 162, 181, 236–7 Chen Yaozi, 124–5, 127 farmer-soldier, 49, 121, 127, 129 Cheng Zongyou, 178–9 Faure, Bernard, 108 Chiang Kai-shek, 217 fencing, 5, 54, 56–7, 61, 68–9, 83, 95, 103, Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 217, 224–3 105, 124, 132, 136, 147, 161, 165, 168, Chu (state/region), 37, 54, 69 175, 177–181, 183, 214–15 Chu Minyi, 223 fighters guilds, 164, 172 Chu Zi, 47 Filipiak, Kai, 171 Cixi, Dowager Empress, 210 film, 2, 5, 121, 215, 219, 228–9, 236, 239, club, 140, 149 241–2 70 club, wolf-tooth, firearms, 5, 119–22, 124, 141, 147, 162, Complete Essentials from the Military 167–8, 170, 183–4, 185, 187–9, 191, 198, 119 135 Classics, , 209–10, 212–13, 216, 218, 225–6, 241 93 95 106 108 121 124–5 127 Confucian, , , , , , , , Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, 114–15 137 158–9 180 182 184 191–3 196 201 , , , , , , , Fu Hao, 13–15, 20–1, 88 Confucius, 2, 17, 26–7, 31–5, 39–41, 45, Fubing, 94–5, 97–9, 112, 122, 127 50–1, 124–7, 196 Further Biographies of Eminent Monks, 107 Coubertin, Baron Pierre de, 214 crossbow, 5, 24, 39, 63–4, 68, 70–1, 101, Gai Nie, 57 119–22, 124, 132–3, 135–6, 146–7, 162, Gaoju Türk, 97 167, 183, 185 Gaoseng zhuan (see Biographies of Eminent Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon, 236 Monks) Cui Lequan, 60 Ge (see dagger-axe) Cultural Revolution, 227 gentlemen (see shi) Da Fo village, 227, 231–3, 237 ghost arrows, 143–4 dagger, 37, 58–9 Gongfu (see Kung fu) dagger-axe, 14, 18–23, 25, 27, 31, 36–7, 43–4 Gongsun, Lady, 104–5, 131 Dan, Heir of Yan, 58–9 Gongyang Commentary, 46 Daoism, 6, 84, 93, 159, 192, 195, 199, 201, Goujian, 36 231, 242 Graff, David, 82, 94 Daoist, 72, 84, 105, 108, 184, 192–3, 196, Great Leap Forward, 231–2 198–9, 201–2, 224, 226, 239 Gu Yanwu, 204 Daoxuan, 107 Guan Yu, 78 Daoyin, 11, 198–9, 201 Guandi, 232 Deng Xiaoping, 217 Guangong, 232 Die Chinesische Kampfkunst, 171 Guliang Commentary, 47 Dien, Albert, 78 gunpowder, 119, 168, 187 Divine Elbow crossbow, 124 guns (see firearms) 104–5 Du Fu, Guo Wu, 179 Duan Chengshi, 106 20 22 35–6 43–5 68 70–1 100 Dumoulin, Heinrich, 108 halberd, , , , , , , , 146–7 24 36 Eastern Zhou, , halberd dance, 79 121 146–7 150 165 eighteen martial arts, , , , , Han (state), 37, 48, 59 177, 183, 185

Index 267

Han Chinese, 88, 122, 145, 150, 187 knife, 30, 47 Han dynasty, 19, 26, 52, 54, 56, 60–1, 65– knight-errant, 35, 47, 179 72, 73, 75, 78, 82, 84, 91, 93, 97, 100–1, knights, knightly class (see shi) 103–4, 115, 129 Koguryo, 94 Han Xialei, 48 Korea, 94, 139, 163, 170, 181, 226, 228, 234 33 Hanfeizi, kung fu, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 He Ji, 84 Health, 3, 6, 197–8, 201–2, 223, 228, 242 Lady Hao (see Fu Hao) Henning, Stanley, 4, 41, 240 Laozi, 33 236 Hero, Later Liang, 113 62 History of the Former Han Dynasty, Lee, Ang, 236 204 Hongji, Lei Bei, 69 Hua Yue, 121–2 legalists, 53 Huai Yi, 24 Lewis, Mark Edward, 29 Huainanzi, 46 Li Bo (Bai), 103–4 Huang Baijia, 192–3, 195 Li Lianjie (Jet Li), 230, 234, 236 Huang Chao Rebellion, 97 208 Huang Zongxi, 192–3, 198, 202, 204 Li Longfeng, 69 Huangdi, 59 Li Lu, 116 141–2 148 153–5 Huijiao, 107 Li Quan, , , , 95 100 105 108–9 130 203 Hundred Events, 56,66–9,71,104,129,132–3 Li Shimin, , , , , , hunting, 1, 14–18, 26, 29, 38–9, 126, 142–3, Li Tan, 142 240 Li Yuan, 95 Huo Yuanjia, 221 Li Zicheng, 186 Hutton, Alfred, 214–15 Liang Qichao, 193 Liao dynasty, 114, 118, 124, 141, 144 internal, 191–3, 195–9, 206–7, 210–11, Liezi, 42–3, 51, 126 219–20, 224, 228, 231, 235, 242 Liezi, 46, 196 Jesuits, 185 Lin Boyuan, 78, 85, 131, 134, 177, 201 Jet Li (see Li Lianjie) Liu Bang, 54, 56, 60–6 ji (halberd), 19, 27, 35, 43, 68, 146–7 Liu Bei, 78 Jiankang, 75 Liu Yao, 80 Jiji, 10 Liu Yunfeng, 178 Jin dynasty, 141, 153–4 Liutao, 20 Jin (state), 24, 47 long sword, 59, 62–3, 68–70, 72, 83–4, 86, Jin Midi, 67 92, 103–5, 130–1, 146–9, 161, 165, Jin Yong (Louis Cha), 216 179–80, 183, 199 Jing (region), 69 Lord Shang, 53 Jing Ke, 47–8, 57–9, 83 Lu Da (see Sagacious Lu) Jingwu (see Pure Martial) Lu Goujian, 57, 59 84 Jinshu, Lufang, 21 Jiu Qian (see Goujian) Lunheng, 46 234 judo, Luoyang, 76, 115 114 122 127 129 132 134 139 Jurchen, , , , , , , , Lüshi Chunqiu, 46 141, 144, 153–5 Ma Mingda, 242 114 131–2 Kaifeng, , Manchu, 185–9, 191–3, 195, 209, 212–13 85 Ke Xiling, Mao Yuanyi, 177 kicking, 68, 134 Mao Zedong, 229 Kitan, 113–15, 124, 127, 130–1, 139, 141, Marco Polo, 140, 151–2 143–4, 155 Marrow of the Nation, 221

268 Index

martial dances, 16, 25–9, 31, 39, 47, 51, 134 Qi, 11, 69, 198, 201–2, 208, 242 Mencius, 33, 41, 50, 126 Qi Jiguang, 8, 163, 165, 167–8, 175–179, Meng Shuo, 46 201, 205–7, 219 Meng, Marquis of Jin, 47 Qi Zhangzhong, 69 merchants, 33, 50, 55, 6566, 116, 118, 132, Qiang, 14 149, 152–3, 163, 173, 188, 221 Qigong, 9, 10, 11, 242 militia, 6, 54–6, 116, 127, 129, 148, 167–8, Qin dynasty, 32, 54, 56, 60–2, 65–7, 72, 73, 173 97, 100 Min, Duke of Song, 46 Qin (state), 46, 52 Ming dynasty, 4, 7–8, 76–7, 137, 142, 147, Qin Shihuangdi, 37, 57, 59–60, 83 185–7, 191–3, 195, 197, 199, 201–4, 212, Qing dynasty, 147, 155, 184–93, 195–9, 230, 232 201–11, 212–13, 216–17, 221, 226–7, 233 105–9 204 monastery, , 39 46 114 122 138 139–5 187–8 191 Record of Ritual (Liji), , Mongol, , , , , , , 47 61 195 Records of the Grand Historian, , Red God, 62 monk, 105–9, 145, 163, 170–6, 192, 202–5, 142 157 172 226–7, 230, 233–4 Red Turbans, , , 2 3 4 5 6 28 55 72 84 Morris, Andrew, 221, 224 religion, religious, , , , , , , , , , 93 105–8 142 144 157 172 192 201 movie, 215–16, 227231, 234, 236–7 , , , , , , , , 203–5 208 214–15 226–7 230–1 235 Mozi, 33 , , , , , 46 Mu Heluo, 67 Ren Bi, fl 212 214 Mu Tong, 67 ri e, , 13 16–18 39–41 45 51–2 143–4 199 Mulan, 86–8 ritual, , , , , , , 76 Murong Han, 80 Romance of the Three Kingdoms, music, 26–9, 39–40, 50–1, 63, 196 Sagacious Lu, 174 Muye, 25, 26 Sanctioned Violence in Early China, 17 National Art, 220, 223–5, 235 Sanda, 235 Nationalists (GMD), 217, 220–1, 223 self-cultivation, 1, 3, 5–6, 17, 33, 38, 41–2, Neo-Confucian, 126–7, 152, 158 49, 158, 170–1, 180, 184, 193, 196–9, neolithic, 16, 27 201–2, 213 New Manual on Military Efficiency, 168 self-defense, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 83–4, 115–16, 136, Niao Huo, 46 141, 152, 156, 161, 171, 173, 177, 182, Nie Zheng, 48 199, 203–4, 235, 240 nobleman, 33 Shahar, Meir, 7, 171, 193, 201, 203, 242 Northern Han (state), 131 Shang dynasty, 13–19, 21–8 Northern Qi dynasty, 76 Shaolin, 7, 10, 107–9, 142, 165, 170–5, Northern Wei dynasty, 76 180–2, 192–3, 195–7, 201–5, 215, 224, Northern Zhou, 76, 90–1, 93–4, 97 226–7, 230–5, 237, 239, 242 Shaolin Monastery, 7, 171 Office of Military Commanders, 131 1982 230 oil peddler, 125 Shaolin Temple ( ), 22 25 Olympic, 5, 214, 221, 227, 234, 240 Shaughnessy, Edward L., , 204 oracle bones, 13, 14, 22, 27 Shen Quan, 2 15 17 31 33–5 45 47 50 56 83 outlaw, 35, 47, 174, 232 shi, , , , , , , , , , , 121 126 Ouyang Xiu, 125–7 , Shiji (see Records of the Grand Historian) 140 Parthian shot, shield, 38, 40, 68, 70, 83, 100, 131, 135, 104 Pei, Min, 146–7, 183 ’ 226 People s Liberation Army (PLA), Shiyucun, 16 10 230 233 Polly, Matthew, , , shooting, 5, 40–1, 45, 52, 63, 81, 85, 87, 95, Promise, The, 236 118–19, 140–4, 148, 196, 214, 125 Pure Martial, 222–4, 235–6 Shoubo, 46–7

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Shu (kingdom), 76, 78 sword, 5, 13, 25, 31, 35–8, 40, 43–4, 48, 50, Sima Guang, 133 66, 68–70, 78–80, 82–4, 86, 92, 95–5, 98, Sima Qian, 47, 50, 57, 59 100–1, 118–21, 128, 130–6, 140, 147–9, Sima Xiangru, 69 153, 161, 165, 168–9, 171–2, 177–81, Simuwu tripod, 46 183, 185, 191, 212, 214–15 Six Arts, 10, 50 sword dance, 62, 83–4, 103–5, 130–2, 148 Six Dynasties, 73–5, 80, 82, 85–6, 91, 95, sword, ring pommel, 69, 80 113, 139 Tae Kwon Do, 234 Slingerland, Edward, 40 T’ai Chi’s Ancestors, 206 soldier, 2, 6, 8, 39, 44–6, 49–51, 55, 62, 66, Taiji, 7, 197, 205–7, 210, 216, 223–4, 228, 68, 70–1, 74, 76, 79, 83–92, 93–4, 97– 230–1, 234–5, 237, 239 101, 105, 111, 116, 121–2, 127, 129–31, Taijiquan, 197, 206, 234 136, 140, 145, 147–8, 150, 152–3, 187–9, Taiping Rebellion, 189, 209 209, 212, 214, 219–20, 240 Tang dynasty, 73, 75, 82, 90–1, 95, 97–101, Song Biographies of Eminent Monks, 107 103–5 108–9 111–15 127 130–1 133 Song dynasty, 113–16, 118–19, 121–2, 124– , , , , , , 139 148 173–4 178 180 38, 141–3, 145–7, 149, 152–5, 161, 165, , , , , 109 177, 183–5, 178, 180, 183, 187, 192, 197, Tang Gaozong, 199 Tang Gaozu (see Li Yuan) 219 Song Gaoseng zhuan (see Song Biographies Tang Hao, 109 of Eminent Monks) Tang Ruizong, Song Huizong, 192 Tang Taizong (see Li Shimin) 109 Song Taizong, 118, 130–1, 176 Tang Zhongzong, 114 118 137 144 154 Song Taizu, 115, 130 Tangut, , , , , 227 231–2 Song Zhenzong, 124–5 Thaxton, Ralph, , 5 137 146 152 159 162–3 Song Yi, 62 theater, , , , , , , 181–3 215 219 226 spear, 14–15, 18–19, 21, 23–4, 27, 31, 35–7, , , , 72 76–80 82–4 40, 43–5, 68, 70, 78–80, 92, 98, 101, 103, Three Kingdoms period, , , , 159 175 111, 115, 119–21, 131–5, 146–50, 153, , 58 165, 168, 179–83, 185, 191, 199, 208, 212 Tian Guang, 142 spiritual, 16–17, 25–8, 31, 38, 43, 52, 142, Tibetans, 164 144, 184, 201, 208 Tong, James, 61 68–9 sport, 5, 10, 23–4, 68, 202, 213–15, 221–3, tripod lifting, , 225, 227, 230, 234–5, 239–40, 243 Tuoba, 76 124 Spring and Autumn Period, 15, 19, 20, 22–4, Tuohu, 29–30 32–4 36–7 39 43 50 52 , , , , , , uürkic, 113, 115, 131 staff, 119, 121, 125, 131, 133, 135, 147, unarmed, 1, 3–5, 35, 45–7, 68, 134, 147, 149–50, 165, 171–2, 181–3, 199 149–50, 152, 161, 168, 171–2, 175, 177, stirrup, 74, 78, 81, 92 183, 216, 218–19 Stone Age, 15, 18, 31 4 5 14–18 21 28–30 33–4 38 45 striking, 45–7, 68, 85, 103, 153, 197, 235 violence, , , , , , , , , 49 51–2 53 95 116 120 137 141 155 style, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 155, 168, 175–83, 193, , , , , , , , , , 157 163–4 167 172 175 183 227 240–1 198, 205–8, 210–12, 215, 220, 224, , , , , , , , 229–30, 234–5, 237 Wan Biao, 172 Sui dynasty, 73, 82, 90–1, 93–5, 98–101, Wang Anshi, 127–9 103, 105, 108–9, 111 Wang Guang, xi, 11 Sui Wendi (see Yang Jian) Wang Huan, 135 204 Sui Yangdi (see Yang Guang) Wang Jie, 54–6 72 Sun Quan, 86 Wang Mang, , 159 Sunzi, 33, 78 Wang Yangming, 192–3 195–7 206–7 Swope, Kenneth, 186 Wang Zhengnan, , ,

270 Index

Wanli Emperor, 163, 170, 186 Xinxu, 37 warfare, 1, 13–18, 22–25, 29, 32–4, 45, 50, Xiongnu, 67, 75–6 53, 57, 60, 67, 72, 81–2, 86, 89, 115, 118, Xiu You, 85 122, 140, 142, 145, 147, 187, 198, 206, Xixia (see Tanguts) 209–10, 217, 240 Xu Dong, 122 Warring States Period, 17, 19–20, 26, 28–9, Xu Gaoseng zhuan (see Further Biographies 31–9, 41–3, 45–7, 49–52, 199 of Eminent Monks) Water Margin, The, 116, 119, 143, 147, Xuan, King of Qi, 50 153, 159, 174–5, 178, 182, 197, 216, 232 Xuanzong, 104 86 Way of the Long Sword, The, 69 Xun Guan, 86 Wei (kingdom), 76 Xun Song, 10 33 weight lifting, 45, 133 Xunzi, , Wen Xuan, 10 Yan, Prince of, 158 Western Wei, 76, 90–1 Yan (state), 37, 57–59 Western Zhou dynasty, 15, 19, 22–4, 29–30, Yan Zhongzi, 48–94 36 Yang Jian, 93–4 White God, 62 Yang Miaozhen, 148, 153–4 Wile, Douglas, 7, 206–7 Ye Feng, 204 Wing Chun, 237 Yellow Turbans, 72 Wokou, 161, 163, 165, 168, 171–2, 178 Yi Huan, 85 wrestling, 5, 39, 45–7, 56, 60, 66–8, 105, Yin Tong, 62 129, 131–2, 134, 147, 149–50, 152–3, Yongle, Emperor, 158 191, 205, 214, 235, 241, 243 Yongxin, Abbot, 233–4, 237 76 86 Wu (kingdom), , Youyang Zazu, 106 26 143 Wu (martial), , Yu Dayou, 167–8, 182 24 36–37 Wu (state), , Yu Rang, 48 13 Wu Ding (Shang king), Yuan dynasty, 139–57, 159, 179, 185 46 Wu, King (Qin), Yue (state), 24, 36–7 39–40 Wu, King (Zhou), Yue Fei, 114, 116 Wu Sangui, 186–7 Yuwen, 93 Wu Seng, 233 Wu Shu, 199 Zanning, 107 Wu Song, 174, 197 Zhang Chunren, 60 Wu Zetian, 109, 111 Zhang Fei, 78, 80, 176, 180 Wudang, Mount, 192, 195, 199, 201, 124, Zhang Liao, 79 242 Zhang Liang, 59–60 Wujing Zongyao (see Complete Essentials Zhang Rang, 79 from the Military Classics) Zhang Ruoceng, 176 Wushu, 8, 10, 230, 234–7, 239 Zhang Sanfeng, 192–3, 195–6, 207, 239 Wutai, Mount, 174–5 Zhang Siming, 204 Wuxia, 216 Zhang Songxi, 197 Wuyi, 10, 145 Zhao Kuangyin (see Song Taizu) Wuzi, 46 Zhi, Earl, 48 15–17 19–20 22–30 36 Xianbei, 75–6, 88–9, 93, 97 Zhou dynasty, , , , , 38–40 43 46 Xiang Bo, 63 , , 109 Xiang Liang, 61–2 Zhou dynasty (of Wu Zetian), 39–41 126–7 Xiang Yu, 54, 56, 58, 61–6, 69 Zhu Xi, , Xiang Zhuang, 62–3 Zhu Yuanzhang, 157–8 Xiao Tong, 10 Zhuangzi, 33, 42, 51–2 Xiaowendi, 107 Zhuge Liang, 77–8 Xingqi, 11 Zichang Wang, 46 Xingyi, 205–8 Zuozhuan, 47