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Monogenea from Red Sea Fishes. I. Monogenea of Fish of the Genus Siganus

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Monogenea from Red Sea Fishes. I. Monogenea of Fish of the Genus Siganus OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 39, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1972 33 Monogenea from Red Sea Fishes. I. Monogenea of Fish of the Genus Siganus ILAN PAPERNA Zoology Department, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda* ABSTRACT: Two new species of dactylogyrid monogenea are described from fish of the genus Siganus: Pseiidohaliotremotoides polymorphus sp. n., with three subspecies: P. pohjmorphurs elaticus ssp. n. from S. luridus from the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba), P. polymorphus suezicus ssp. n. from S. rivulatus from the Gulf of Suez, and P. polymorphus indicus ssp. n. from Siganus sp. off Mombasa. Pseudohaliotrema plectocirra sp. n. from S. luridus and S. rivulatus from Eilat and Suez gulfs. The infraspecific variabil- ity of these species as well as their taxonomical affinities are discussed. A study of the monogenea infecting fish of Pavlovskaya et al. (1962). Measurements are the Red Sea, sponsored by "The Fauna Palaes- given in microns. tina Committee" of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, has been carried out Results since 1969. This communication presents the Out of the three fish species studied, in the first results of this study; it is the second report Gulf of Eilat monogenea were found only in S. on monogenea from Red Sea fish. In the first luridus (checked two) and S. rivulatus (checked report (Paperna, 1965) five new species were 20). All the three checked S. rostratus were described from seven species of fish from the free from monogenea. In the Gulf of Suez only coral reef of Eilat. The genus Siganus is repre- S. rivulatus were collected and were also found sented in the northern Red Sea by four species: to be infected with monogenea. Additional S. rivulatus (Forskal), S. luridus (Riippel), S. material from the Mombasa Coast (from un- rostratus (Valenciennes), and S. stellatus identified Siganus) was kindly provided by Dr. (Forskal). The first two species entered the J. P. Thurston. Mediterranean through the Suez Canal (Ben Tuvia, 1966) and are now common along the Pseudohaliotrematodides polymorphus Mediterranean shores of Israel. sp. n. DESCRIPTION: Medium-sized to large worms Sites of Collection and Methods with a small opisthaptor embedded in the Fish were collected from the northern sandy posterior end of the body. In the prohaptor shores of the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba), from two pairs of head organs and an additional rocky shores and coral reefs in the northwest pair of glands lie posterolateral to the oval portion, of the Gulf, in the Gulf of Suez near pharynx. Eyes were observed in some speci- Ras abu-Rudeis (33° 10' east, 28°57/ north) mens but not in others. The intestinal limbs (rocks and reefs), and in El-Blaim lagoon originate from the pharynx without a distinct (33°16' east, 28°33' north) (sandy shores). esophagus and join posteriorly. A single testis The collected fish were killed in 2 to 4% is located in a position posterior or latero- formaldehyde, in separate jars for each species posterior to the ovary. The vas deferens winds and site. Parasites were collected from the anteriorly to the copulatory organ without loop- fixed gills and embedded either in glycerin ing around the intestine. A spindle-shaped gelatin or polyvinyl—lactophenol with added seminal vesicle is located alongside the copula- traces of cotton blue stain. Measurements were tory organ; prostate glands were seen in some specimens but were absent from the syntypes. taken from the specimens embedded in gly- The copulatory organ consists of a heavy tubi- cerin gelatin. For the measurement method see form cirrus and one solid accessory piece; Paperna (1959), as well as Bykhovskaya- attached to the piece is a basal "root." The rounded ear-shaped funnel is nonsclerotinoid. * The field work was carried out in the Marine Biological Laboratory, Eilat. The copulatory organ sits in a muscular pouch. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Abbreviations to figures: AP—Accessory piece; C—Cirrus; CG—Cerebral ganglion; E—Intrauterine egg; Pg—Pharyngeal glands; P—Prostata; SV—Seminal vesicle; V—Vagina; G—glands, possibly prostata. Figure 1. Copulatory organ of Pseudohaliotrematoides polymorphic eilaticus sp. n. ssp. n. Figure 2. Copulatory organ of P.p. suezicus ssp. n. Figure 3. Copulatory organ of P.p. indicus ssp. n. The vagina opens on the right side of the body Three subspecies can be differentiated mor- through a muscular sphincter. In the posterior phologically: end of the body large cement glands open into the opisthaptor. In the opisthaptor there are P. polymorphus eilaticus ssp. n. two pairs of anchors and two bars; hooklets (syntype of P. polymorphus sp. n.) are absent in mature specimens, but are Medium size to large (610—1,200 long); present in very young ones. In one pair of cirrus robust, the accessory piece thick, with a anchors (the dorsal) the inner root is very short "root." Prostate glands not seen. short. The outer root and both roots in the HOSTS AND LOCALITIES: Siganiis luridus second pair are long. The shafts of both (150-200 mm long); northwestern Gulf of anchors are short, and the tips are distinct Eilat (Taba and Coral Beach). in having their basal end thinner than the distal end of the shaft. The bars are thin and P. polymorphous suezicus ssp. n. small. The species is very polymorphic; there is distinct infraspecific variability of popula- Large worms (1,050-1,320 long). Cirrus tions collected from different regions. The short, accessory piece not robust and longer different populations vary particularly in the than the cirrus, accessory piece "root" long. shape of the copulatory organ, as well as in Prostate glands present. body size and the size of the anchors. Prostate HOSTS AND LOCALITIES: Siganiis rivulatiis glands present in some populations but absent (90-100 mm long); Gulf of Suez near Ras in others. abu-Rudeis. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 39, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1972 35 Table 1. Measurements of the different populations and subspecies of Pseudohaliotrematoides poly- morphus sp. n. Subspecies P.p. elaticus P.p. suezicus P. p. indicus Host: Population: Siganus luridus Siganus sp. (No. specimens Fish I Fish II Fish group I, II Fish group III Mombasa examined ) (3) (5) (5) (1) (2) Total length 610-870 920-1,200 1,240-1,320 1,050 1,690 Width 280-410 390-450 340-380 180 550 Opisthaptor length 40-60 60-80 100-150 50 80 Opisthaptor width 70-120 100-190 100-190 60 100 Ventral anchors 50-55 67-80 67-87 75 95-120 Inner root 20-22 25-37 37-40 30 80 Outer root 20-22 20-35 30-30 20 64 Shaft 19-22 17-27 20-25 30 29 Tip 20-25 20-22 17-27 2_2 30 Bar 35-36 33-42 — 43 Dorsal anchor 60-60 65-75 70-75 67-75 85-120 Inner root 10-12 12-17 12-15 10-12 27 Outer root 22-25 35-35 35-37 22-27 74 Shaft 20-25 22-28 15-17 22-33 29 Tip 12-17 15-22 23-25 20-20 30 Bar 30 30-35 - - 38 Cirrus 60-77 75-90 45-62 112-120 Width at funnel level 15-15 12-17 12-15 9-12 Width at midlevel 9-10 6-10 6-9 5-9 Accessory piece length 65-77 70-90 67-85 95-102 Accessory piece width 10-15 10-15 5-5 3-6 "—root—" 21-30 30-42 22-27 Ratio cirrus/Accessory piece 0.9-1.04 0.83-1.08 0.64-0.73 1.17-1.18 Mean 0.97 0.99 0.69 1.175 P. polymorphus indicus ssp. n. found in Pseudohalitrema sigani Yamaguti, Very large worms (1,690 long). Cirrus and 1953, which also parasitizes siganid fish. The accessory piece slender and long, cirrus ter- latter, however, differs from these species in minating in a rounded widening. Prostate the structure of the anchors and the presence of booklets, as well as other anatomical de- glands not seen. HOST AND LOCALITY: Siganus sp.; Mom- tails characteristic of the genus. basa Coast, Indian. Ocean (East Africa). Speci- Young (1967) has recently described two mens were collected by Dr. J. P. Thurston. new species from siganid fish, which he as- MEASUREMENTS: Measurements of the speci- signed to the genus Tetrancistrum Goto and mens of the three subspecies are compared in Kikuchi, 1917 (T. nehulosi and T. oraminii). Table 1. Another species of similar morphology which REMARKS: P. polymorphus sp. n. differs from was included in this genus (T. nasonis) was P. fusiforme (Yamaguti, 1953) mainly in the obtained from acanthurid host fish. From structure of the accessory piece of the copula- acanthurid fish (Naso spp.) Yamaguti (1968) tory organ. described four more new species similar in P. chaetopteri (Caballero et Bravo-Hollis, morphology to the above-mentioned species 1960), as well as additional six new species but which he included in a new genus: Pseudo- assigned recently by Yamaguti (1968) to this ancurocephalus Yamaguti, 1968. All these genus and parasitizing fish of genera other species, as well as the type species T. sigani, than Siganus, are fundamentally different show close morphological affinities with P. jusi- from P. polymorphus and P. fusiforme in the forme and P. polymorphus, all having a reduced structure of the anchors and the bars, the pat- inner root in the dorsal anchor. In fact, P. tern of the copulatory organ, and the position fusiforme was transferred by Young to the of the vaginal pore. The reduced inner root genus Tetrancistrum. On. the other hand, the is characteristic of both P.
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