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Prevalence, Intensity, Longevity, and Persistence of Anisakis Sp. Larvae and Lacistorhynchus Tenuis Metacestodes in San Francisco Striped Bass

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Prevalence, Intensity, Longevity, and Persistence of Anisakis Sp. Larvae and Lacistorhynchus Tenuis Metacestodes in San Francisco Striped Bass 29 NOAA Technical Report NMFS 29 Prevalence, Intensity, Longevity, and Persistence of Anisakis sp. Larvae and Lacistorhynchus tenuis Metacestodes in San Francisco Striped Bass Mike Moser, Judy A. Sakanari, Carol A. Reilly, and Jeannette Whipple April 1985 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use ofthe resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implemen­ tation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mongage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The NOAA Technical Repon NMFS series was established in 1983 to replace two subcategories of the Technical Reports series: "Special Scientific Repon-Fisheries" and "Circular." The series contains the following types of repons: Scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope, papers on applied fishery problems, technical repons of general interest intended to aid conservation and management, repons that review in considerable detail and at a high technical level cenain broad areas of research, and technical papers originating in economics studies and from management investigations. Copies of NOAA Technical Report NMFS are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained from: U.S. Depanment of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 29 Prevalence; --Intensi.ty; . )" '·1 ," .. '.... -. ' Lori'gevity, 'and Persistence Anis'akis~ P. of sp. 'Larvae.. and ."Lacisto'lhyh'chus teiniis" ., Metcicesfodes. in '; ." San Francisco Striped Bass Mike Moser, Judy A. Sakanari, Carol A. Reilly, and Jeannette Whipple April 1985 u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John V. Byrne, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recom­ mend or endorse any propriety product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publica­ tion furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales J'romotion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised pro­ duct to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Introduction. ..............................................................................................I Materials and methods .. .................................................................................... I Collection I Aging.................................................................................................. I Diet analysis .. .......................................................................................... I Statistical analysis. ....................................................................................... 1 Serial infections 1 Longevity and persistence. ................................................................................. 2 Results. .................................................................................................. 2 Diet analysis .. ............. .. 2 Anisakis sp. 2 Host reaction. ......................................................................................... 2 Prevalence and intensity. ................................................................................ 2 Serial infection ........................................................................................ 2 Longevity and persistence. ............................................................................... 3 Lacistorhynchus tenuis ..................................................................................... 3 Host reaction. ......................................................................................... 3 Prevalence and intensity. ................................................................................ 3 Persistence. ........................................................................................... 3 Other parasites and a tumor .............................. .. ........................................ 3 Discussion ................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgments. ......................................................................................... 4 Literature cited ............................................................................................ 4 Figures 1. Stomach content analysis of striped bass in the three major age groups in winter, spring, and summer. .................... 2 2. Cross section of posterior end of stomach with embedded larval nematodes 2 3. Prevalence and intensity of larval nematodes compared with age of host. ........................................... 2 4. Anisakis sp. larvae encapsulated in fibrous "raft" 3 5. Prevalence and intensity of metacestodes compared with age of host. .............................................. 3 6. Tumor, attached to mesenteries, cross section 3 iii Prevalence, Intensity, Longevity, and Persistence of Anisakis sp. Larvae and Lacistorhynchus tenuis Metacestodes in San Francisco Striped Bass MIKE MOSER, JUDY A. SAKANARI, CAROL A. REILLY,! and JEANNETTE WHIPPLE2 ABSTRACT Thirteen hundred and seventy-three striped bass, Marone saxatilis, were collected from the San Francisco Bay-Delta area to correlate host diet with parasitic infections and to determine the prevalence, intensity, longe­ vity, and persistence of larval Anisakis sp. nematodes and the metacestode Lacistorhynchus tenuis. There is an in­ crease in the prevalence and intensity ofAIli.<akis sp. and in the intensity of L. tenuis with increase of age of tbe host. These increases are probably ..elated to the diet and the persistence of tbe parasites. The infections of both species are overdispersed. San Francisco Bay striped bass are an incompatible host for both species of parasites. Degenerated Anisakis sp. will remain in lhe host for at least 8 months and L. tenuis metacestodes for 22 months. The occurrence of several other species of parasites and a tumor are also reported. INTRODUCTION Diet Analysis Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, is a popular sportfish in the San The stomach contents of the fish were analyzed to determine Francisco Bay, CA, area. Anglers have often reported the presence' possible correlations between diet and parasite infections. of parasites in the mesenteries and muscle of striped bass and Stomach contents of 831 striped bass collected between January questioned the public health aspects of the parasitic infections. and September 1981 from San Pablo Bay and Suisun Slough were The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence (no. examined for possible intermediate hosts. The Index of Relative hosts infected/no. hosts examined), intensity (total no. parasite's/ Importance (IRI) of food items was determined by methods sug­ no. infected hosts), longevity (time parasites remain alive), and gested by Cailliet (1976). The young-of-the-year (YOY) and most persistence (time degenerated parasites are detectable) of the two of the l-yr-olds had similar diets, hence were combined for most c0mmonly seen parasites: the metacestode Lacistorhynchus analysis. The age groups for diet analysis were: YOY and l-yr-old tenuis (Cestoda) and the larval nematode Anisakis sp. (probably A. (10 to 230 mm SL); subadult females and adult males (2 to 3 yr); simplex). am! adults (4+ yr). MATERIALS AND METHODS Statistical Analysis Collection The coefficient of dispersion (overdispersed distribution) was determined to indicate possible clumping in parasite distributions, Thirteen hundred and seventy-three striped bass were collected hence the possible need for nonparametric analysis (Sokal and from the San Francisco Bay-Delta area between June 1979 and Rohlf 1969). Within each age class seasonality did not signifi­ December i 983 by hook and line, gill net, and otter trawl. Fish cantly change the prevalance or intensity of the parasitic infec­ were frozen or Formalin-fixed and autopsied for parasites and tions. Therefore, all seasons were combined within each age class stomach content analy~es at Long Marine Laboratory, University (ANOYA, regression analysis). of California, Santa Cruz. Serial Infections Aging Serial'infections were performed to determine whether nema­ The age of the fish was determined by scale ring counts by the tode larvae can be
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