GEOLOGY 305 with Terry J. Boroughs: Final Exam Review of Topics

Geology 305: Final Chapters – Review of new topics PLATE TECTONICS (including Mtn. Building and the Ocean Floor)  PLATES: CRUST AND LITHOSPHERE  FAULT-BLOCK MOUNTAIN RANGES, SUCH AS THE  PLATE BOUNDARIES: DIVERGING, BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE IN THE NORTH CONVERGING, TRANSFORM AMERICAN CORDILLERA: HORSTS AND GRABENS, ALSO THE TETONS IN WYOMING  CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY AND EVIDENCE  DIVERGING BOUNDARIES: OPHIOLITE SUITES (PERIDOTITES, GABBROS, PILLOW LAVA AND DIKES,  DIVERGING BOUNDARIES: SEA FLOOR AND DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS, CONTINENTAL SHELF SPREADING, RIFTING, CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS) FRAGMENTATION, CREATION OF NEW OCEANIC CRUST  CONVERGING BOUNDARIES: (SUBDUCTION ZONE: BLUESCHIST ROCKS, MÉLANGE); (OCEAN-OCEAN:  CONVERGING BOUNDARIES: OCEAN SEDIMENTS, VOLCANIC ARC ROCKS, ARC- SUBDUCTION, ISLAND ARCS, DERIVED SEDIMENTS); (CONT. - CONT.: MÉLANGE, TRENCHES, DESTRUCTION OF CRUST OBDUCTED OPHIOLITES, MULTIPLE THRUST (USUALLY OCEANIC CRUST) SHEETS, PLUTONIC BODIES)  TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES: STRIKE-  TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES: BRITTLE SLIP FAULTING DEFORMATION, MYLONITES AT DEPTH, STRIKE-SLIP  RATES OF PLATE MOTION: FAULTING, SHALLOW FOCUS EARTHQUAKES RADIOACTIVE DATING TECHNIQUES  GEOMETRY OF PLATE MOTION AND PALEOMAGNETISM  ROCK ASSEMBLAGES ASSOCIATED WITH PLATE  SUTURES BOUNDARIES  ACCRETION AND MICROPLATE (EXOTIC  DEEP SEA DRILLING OR SUSPECT) TERRANES  GEOLOGY OF THE OCEANS VS. THAT OF THE  PLATE RECONSTRUCTION CONTINENTS  PANGAEA, LAURASIA,  THE STABLE INTERIOR: CRATONS WHICH INCLUDE: GONDWANALAND, PANTHALASSA CRYSTALLINE SHIELDS, SEDIMENTARY  THE EARTH'S INTERNAL HEAT AND PLATFORMS, AND SEDIMENTARY BASINS CONVECTION WITHIN THE MANTLE  OROGENIC OR MOUNTAIN BELTS: MOUNTAINS  ISOSTASY AND ISOSTASTATIC PRODUCED BY ONE OR MORE TECTONIC OR REBOUND EPEIROGENIC EVENTS  CONTINENTAL MARGINS AND OCEAN  ACCRETION OF MICROPLATE OR SUSPECT BASINS TERRANES ON A GROWING CONTINENT  SUBMARINE TOPOGRAPHY  CASE HISTORIES (WHEN AND HOW OR WHAT  OCEAN PROFILES: CONTINENTAL OROGENIC EVENTS PRODUCED): THE SHELF, SLOPE, AND RISE APPALACHIANS, THE HIMALAYAS, THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA, ETC. YOU SHOULD KNOW  SUBMARINE CANYONS, ABYSSAL THE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLAINS, SEAMOUNTS VARIOUS PROVENCES WITHIN THESE OROGENIC  ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEAN BELTS! PROFILES  GEOMETRY OF PLATE MOTION  CONTINENTAL MARGINS: ACTIVE VS.  THE STABLE INTERIOR: CRATONS WHICH INCLUDE: PASSIVE MARGINS CRYSTALLINE SHIELDS, SEDIMENTARY  SUBMARINE FANS PLATFORMS, AND SEDIMENTARY BASINS  MID-OCEAN RIDGES AND SMOKERS  UPWARPING: UPLIFTING (DUE TO FAULTING, (SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL IGNEOUS ACTIVITY, ETC) SPRINGS)  REJUVENATION (MOUNTAINS ARE BROUGHT BACK  SHALLOW VS. DEEP-SEA TO A MORE YOUTHFUL STAGE DUE TO UPLIFT OR SEDIMENTATION UPWARP) OF DEVELOPEMENT  GUYOTS, ATOLLS, AND CORAL REEFS  COASTAL PLAIN AND CONTINENTAL SHELF (THE (CAN BE FRINGING REEFS) OFFSHORE EXTENSION OF THE COASTAL PLAIN)  TRANSFORM FAULTING ASSOCIATED WITH RIFTING 1

Oceans and Shorelines  CONTINENTAL MARGINS AND OCEANS  COASTS AND SHORELINES  ECHO-SOUNDING OF THE OCEAN FLOOR  WAVE MOTION: SWELLS, WAVE LENGTH, WAVE  SUBMARINE TOPOGRAPHY HEIGHT, WAVE PERIOD, CRESTS, AND TROUGHS  OCEAN PROFILES: CONTINENTAL SHELF, SLOPE, AND RISE  THE SURF ZONE: SURF, SWASH, AND BACK WASH  SUBMARINE CANYONS, ABYSSAL PLAINS, SEAMOUNTS  WAVE REFRACTION: LONGSHORE CURRENTS AND LONGSHORE DRIFT  ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEAN PROFILES  TIDES AND THE EFFECT OF THE MOON AND THE  CONTINENTAL MARGINS: ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE SUN ON THE OCEANS MARGINS  SPRING VS. NEAP TIDES  TURBIDITY CURRENTS AND TURBIDITES  TIDAL SURGES  SUBMARINE FANS  TIDAL CURRENTS AND FLOOD TIDES  MID-OCEAN RIDGES AND SMOKERS (SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL SPRINGS)  SHORELINES: BEACHES AND BEACH PROFILE: OFFSHORE, FORESHORE, BACKSHORE  SEDIMENTATION IN THE OCEAN  BEACH BUDGETS: INPUT VS. OUTPUT  SHALLOW VS. DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTATION  EROSION AND DEPOSITION AT SHORELINES  PELAGIC SEDIMENTS  SEA STACKS AND WAVE-CUT TERRACES  FORAMINIFERAL OOZES  SPITS,TOMBOLOS, AND BARRIER ISLANDS  SILICA OOZES AND SILICA SHELLED ORGANISMS (DIATOMS AND RADIOLARIA)  PRESERVATION OF OUR BEACHES  GEOLOGY OF THE OCEANS VS. THAT OF THE  CHANGES IN SEA LEVEL CONTINENTS  GUYOTS, ATOLLS, AND CORAL REEFS (CAN BE  SALINITY OF OCEAN WATER FRINGING REEFS)

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