Lecture 19: Proxy-Server Based Firewalls Lecture Notes On
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Poster: Introducing Massbrowser: a Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses
Poster: Introducing MassBrowser: A Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses Milad Nasr∗, Anonymous∗, and Amir Houmansadr University of Massachusetts Amherst fmilad,[email protected] ∗Equal contribution Abstract—We will present a new censorship circumvention sys- side the censorship regions, which relay the Internet traffic tem, currently being developed in our group. The new system of the censored users. This includes systems like Tor, VPNs, is called MassBrowser, and combines several techniques from Psiphon, etc. Unfortunately, such circumvention systems are state-of-the-art censorship studies to design a hard-to-block, easily blocked by the censors by enumerating their limited practical censorship circumvention system. MassBrowser is a set of proxy server IP addresses [14]. (2) Costly to operate: one-hop proxy system where the proxies are volunteer Internet To resist proxy blocking by the censors, recent circumven- users in the free world. The power of MassBrowser comes from tion systems have started to deploy the proxies on shared-IP the large number of volunteer proxies who frequently change platforms such as CDNs, App Engines, and Cloud Storage, their IP addresses as the volunteer users move to different a technique broadly referred to as domain fronting [3]. networks. To get a large number of volunteer proxies, we This mechanism, however, is prohibitively expensive [11] provide the volunteers the control over how their computers to operate for large scales of users. (3) Poor QoS: Proxy- are used by the censored users. Particularly, the volunteer based circumvention systems like Tor and it’s variants suffer users can decide what websites they will proxy for censored from low quality of service (e.g., high latencies and low users, and how much bandwidth they will allocate. -
Secure Shell Encrypt and Authenticate Remote Connections to Secure Applications and Data Across Open Networks
Product overview OpenText Secure Shell Encrypt and authenticate remote connections to secure applications and data across open networks Comprehensive Data security is an ongoing concern for organizations. Sensitive, security across proprietary information must always be protected—at rest and networks in motion. The challenge for organizations that provide access to applications and data on host systems is keeping the data Support for Secure Shell (SSH) secure while enabling access from remote computers and devices, whether in a local or wide-area network. ™ Strong SSL/TLS OpenText Secure Shell is a comprehensive security solution that safeguards network ® encryption traffic, including internet communication, between host systems (mainframes, UNIX ™ servers and X Window System applications) and remote PCs and web browsers. When ™ ™ ™ ™ Powerful Kerberos included with OpenText Exceed or OpenText HostExplorer , it provides Secure Shell 2 (SSH-2), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), LIPKEY and Kerberos security mechanisms to ensure authentication security for communication types, such as X11, NFS, terminal emulation (Telnet), FTP support and any TCP/IP protocol. Secure Shell encrypts data to meet the toughest standards and requirements, such as FIPS 140-2. ™ Secure Shell is an add-on product in the OpenText Connectivity suite, which encrypts application traffic across networks. It helps organizations achieve security compliance by providing Secure Shell (SSH) capabilities. Moreover, seamless integration with other products in the Connectivity suite means zero disruption to the users who remotely access data and applications from web browsers and desktop computers. Secure Shell provides support for the following standards-based security protocols: Secure Shell (SSH)—A transport protocol that allows users to log on to other computers over a network, execute commands on remote machines and securely move files from one machine to another. -
The Internet in Transition: the State of the Transition to Ipv6 in Today's
Please cite this paper as: OECD (2014-04-03), “The Internet in Transition: The State of the Transition to IPv6 in Today's Internet and Measures to Support the Continued Use of IPv4”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 234, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jz5sq5d7cq2-en OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 234 The Internet in Transition: The State of the Transition to IPv6 in Today's Internet and Measures to Support the Continued Use of IPv4 OECD FOREWORD This report was presented to the OECD Working Party on Communication, Infrastructures and Services Policy (CISP) in June 2013. The Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy (ICCP) approved this report in December 2013 and recommended that it be made available to the general public. It was prepared by Geoff Huston, Chief Scientist at the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC). The report is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. Note to Delegations: This document is also available on OLIS under reference code: DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2012)8/FINAL © OECD 2014 THE INTERNET IN TRANSITION: THE STATE OF THE TRANSITION TO IPV6 IN TODAY'S INTERNET AND MEASURES TO SUPPORT THE CONTINUED USE OF IPV4 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 2 THE INTERNET IN TRANSITION: THE STATE OF THE TRANSITION TO IPV6 IN TODAY'S INTERNET AND MEASURES TO SUPPORT THE CONTINUED USE OF IPV4 .......................... 4 -
Telnet Client 5.11 Ssh Support
TELNET CLIENT 5.11 SSH SUPPORT This document provides This document describes how to install and configure SSH support in Wavelink Telnet Client 5.11. information on the SSH support available in Telnet Client 5.11 OVERVIEW OF SSH SUPPORT Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol developed for transmitting private information over the Internet. SSH OVERVIEW encrypts data that is transferred over the Telnet session. • Overview of SSH The Telnet Client supports SSH version 1 and 2 and will automatically select the most secure protocol Support that the SSH server supports. • Installing Windows SSH Support This document describes the following: • Configuring the host • Installing Windows SSH support utility profile for SSH • Configuring the host profile for SSH support support • Deploying Windows • Deploying Windows SSH support to the device through Avalanche or ActiveSync SSH Support • Revision History INSTALLING WINDOWS SSH SUPPORT Installing SSH support is a two-step process. First, install SSH support on the PC from which you will deploy Telnet. Once you install SSH support on the PC, use Avalanche or ActiveSync to deploy the utility to the device. To install SSH support on your PC: 1. Obtain the installation executable for SSH support. NOTE: To obtain the Wavelink SSH support utility install, go to http://www.wavelink.com/downloads/ files/sshagreement.aspx. 2. Install SSH support on the PC from which you will deploy the Telnet Client. CONFIGURING THE HOST PROFILE FOR SSH SUPPORT SSH support is configured from the Host Profiles window of the configuration utility. NOTE: SSH is only an active option if SSH support has been installed on the PC running the Telnet Client configuration utility. -
Networking Telnet
IBM i Version 7.2 Networking Telnet IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 99. This edition applies to IBM i 7.2 (product number 5770-SS1) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. This version does not run on all reduced instruction set computer (RISC) models nor does it run on CISC models. This document may contain references to Licensed Internal Code. Licensed Internal Code is Machine Code and is licensed to you under the terms of the IBM License Agreement for Machine Code. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1998, 2013. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Telnet................................................................................................................... 1 What's new for IBM i 7.2..............................................................................................................................1 PDF file for Telnet........................................................................................................................................ 1 Telnet scenarios...........................................................................................................................................2 Telnet scenario: Telnet server configuration.........................................................................................2 Telnet scenario: Cascaded Telnet -
In Computer Networks, A
Practical No.1 Date:- Title:- Installation of Proxy-Server Windows Server 2003 What is proxy server? In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application program) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource, available from a different server. The proxy server evaluates the request according to its filtering rules. For example, it may filter traffic by IP address or protocol. If the request is validated by the filter, the proxy provides the resource by connecting to the relevant server and requesting the service on behalf of the client. A proxy server may optionally alter the client's request or the server's response, and sometimes it may serve the request wit hout contacting the specified server. In this case, it 'caches' responses from the remote server, and returns subsequent requests for the same content directly . Most proxies are a web proxy, allowing access to content on the World Wide Web. A proxy server has a large variety of potential purposes, including: To keep machines behind it anonymous (mainly for security).[1] To speed up access to resources (using caching). Web proxies are commonly used to cache web pages from a web server.[2] To apply access policy to network services or content, e.g. to block undesired sites. To log / audit usage, i.e. to provide company employee Internet usage reporting. To bypass security/ parental controls. To scan transmitted content for malware before delivery. -
Empirical Analysis of the Effects and the Mitigation of Ipv4 Address Exhaustion
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN FAKULTÄT FÜR ELEKTROTECHNIK UND INFORMATIK LEHRSTUHL FÜR INTELLIGENTE NETZE UND MANAGEMENT VERTEILTER SYSTEME Empirical Analysis of the Effects and the Mitigation of IPv4 Address Exhaustion vorgelegt von M.Sc. Philipp Richter geboren in Berlin von der Fakultät IV – Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades DOKTOR DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN -DR. RER. NAT.- genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Möller, Technische Universität Berlin Gutachterin: Prof. Anja Feldmann, Ph.D., Technische Universität Berlin Gutachter: Prof. Vern Paxson, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley Gutachter: Prof. Steve Uhlig, Ph.D., Queen Mary University of London Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 2. August 2017 Berlin 2017 Abstract IP addresses are essential resources for communication over the Internet. In IP version 4, an address is represented by 32 bits in the IPv4 header; hence there is a finite pool of roughly 4B addresses available. The Internet now faces a fundamental resource scarcity problem: The exhaustion of the available IPv4 address space. In 2011, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) depleted its pool of available IPv4 addresses. IPv4 scarcity is now reality. In the subsequent years, IPv4 address scarcity has started to put substantial economic pressure on the networks that form the Internet. The pools of available IPv4 addresses are mostly depleted and today network operators have to find new ways to satisfy their ongoing demand for IPv4 addresses. Mitigating IPv4 scarcity is not optional, but mandatory: Networks facing address shortage have to take action in order to be able to accommodate additional subscribers and customers. Thus, if not confronted, IPv4 scarcity has the potential to hinder further growth of the Internet. -
Threat Modeling and Circumvention of Internet Censorship by David Fifield
Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship By David Fifield A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Professor Deirdre Mulligan Professor Vern Paxson Fall 2017 1 Abstract Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship by David Fifield Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Research on Internet censorship is hampered by poor models of censor behavior. Censor models guide the development of circumvention systems, so it is important to get them right. A censor model should be understood not just as a set of capabilities|such as the ability to monitor network traffic—but as a set of priorities constrained by resource limitations. My research addresses the twin themes of modeling and circumvention. With a grounding in empirical research, I build up an abstract model of the circumvention problem and examine how to adapt it to concrete censorship challenges. I describe the results of experiments on censors that probe their strengths and weaknesses; specifically, on the subject of active probing to discover proxy servers, and on delays in their reaction to changes in circumvention. I present two circumvention designs: domain fronting, which derives its resistance to blocking from the censor's reluctance to block other useful services; and Snowflake, based on quickly changing peer-to-peer proxy servers. I hope to change the perception that the circumvention problem is a cat-and-mouse game that affords only incremental and temporary advancements. -
Fireware Configuration Example
Configuration Example Use a Branch Office VPN for Failover From a Private Network Link Example configuration files created with — WSM v11.10.1 Revised — 7/22/2015 Use Case In this configuration example, an organization has networks at two sites and uses a private network link to send traffic between the two networks. To make their network configuration more fault-tolerant, they want to set up a secondary route between the networks to use as a backup if the private network link fails, but they do not want to spend money on a second private network connection. To solve this problem, they can use a branch office VPN with dynamic routing. This configuration example provides a model of how you could set up your network to automatically fail over to a branch office VPN if a primary private network connection between two sites becomes unavailable. To use the branch office VPN connection for automatic failover, you must enable dynamic routing on the Firebox at each site. You can use any supported dynamic routing protocol (RIP v1, RIP v2, OSPF, or BGP v4). This configuration example is provided as a guide. Additional configuration settings could be necessary, or more appropriate, for your network environment. Solution Overview A routing protocol is the method routers use to communicate with each other and share information about the status of network routing tables. On the Firebox, static routes are persistent and do not change, even if the link to the next hop goes down. When you enable dynamic routing, the Firebox automatically updates the routing table based on the status of the connection. -
SOCKS Protocol Version 6
SOCKS Protocol Version 6 draft-olteanu-intarea-socks-6-08 Vladimir Olteanu IETF 106 What’s new ● DNS provided by SOCKS ● Options for Happy Eyeballs at the proxy Clients need DNS-like features ● A and AAAA – LD_PRELOAD for non-SOCKS-aware apps: gedaddrinfo() separate from connect() – Happy Eyeballs: need to do queries separately ● TXT – ESNI ● MX, Service Binding, etc. – <Insert future use case here> Providing DNS-like features ● Individual SOCKS options (removed in -08) – Have to keep up with use cases – Duplicate DNS functionality – Until -07: A, AAAA, PTR ● Having the client use DNS – Hard to convey policies: resolver IPs, plaintext / over TLS / over HTTPS etc., maybe credentials, etc. – Provide a DNS proxy Why not separate DNS from SOCKS? Client Proxy Server HTTP/SOCKS :1080 HTTP :80 DNS :53 Why not separate DNS from SOCKS? Client Proxy Server HTTP/SOCKS :1080 HTTP :80 DNS :53 WHICH TOR CIRCUIT? ● Need context for DNS query – Otherwise: privacy leaks, suboptimal CDN use DNS provided by SOCKS ● Clients make CONNECT request to 0.0.0.0:53 – Proxy needn’t provide a valid bind address ● Plaintext DNS over SOCKS (opt. over TLS) – TCP by default: SOCKS + UDP more cumbersome to use ● Implementation in Sixtysocks – Run separate DNS proxy locally – Translate 0.0.0.0:53 to 127.0.0.1:53 Happy Eyeballs ● RFC 8305: resolve and connect to a server using both IPv4 and IPv6, keep only one connection – Failover from IPv6 to IPv4 – Better responsiveness if one is faster ● Clients can implement Happy Eyeballs locally – Have DNS + CONNECT Happy Eyeballs: -
How to Download Torrent Anonymously How to Download Torrent Anonymously
how to download torrent anonymously How to download torrent anonymously. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 66b6c3aaaba884c8 • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. Download Torrents Anonymously: 6 Safe And Easy Ways. Who doesn’t want to know how to download torrents anonymously? The thing is, in order to download torrents anonymously you don’t need to have a lot of technical know-how. All you need to download torrents anonymously is some grit and a computer with an internet connection. The technology world never remains the same. In fact, new development and discoveries come to the surface of this industry every day. They also come into the attention of online users every year. Moreover, this allows us to do much more than we could do in the past, in faster and easier ways. A highly relevant aspect to mention at this stage is that: Now we can also download torrents anonymously from best torrent sites. -
World-Wide Web Proxies
World-Wide Web Proxies Ari Luotonen, CERN Kevin Altis, Intel April 1994 Abstract 1.0 Introduction A WWW proxy server, proxy for short, provides access to The primary use of proxies is to allow access to the Web the Web for people on closed subnets who can only access from within a firewall (Fig. 1). A proxy is a special HTTP the Internet through a firewall machine. The hypertext [HTTP] server that typically runs on a firewall machine. server developed at CERN, cern_httpd, is capable of run- The proxy waits for a request from inside the firewall, for- ning as a proxy, providing seamless external access to wards the request to the remote server outside the firewall, HTTP, Gopher, WAIS and FTP. reads the response and then sends it back to the client. cern_httpd has had gateway features for a long time, but In the usual case, the same proxy is used by all the clients only this spring they were extended to support all the within a given subnet. This makes it possible for the proxy methods in the HTTP protocol used by WWW clients. Cli- to do efficient caching of documents that are requested by ents don’t lose any functionality by going through a proxy, a number of clients. except special processing they may have done for non- native Web protocols such as Gopher and FTP. The ability to cache documents also makes proxies attrac- tive to those not inside a firewall. Setting up a proxy server A brand new feature is caching performed by the proxy, is easy, and the most popular Web client programs already resulting in shorter response times after the first document have proxy support built in.