PHOSPHORIC ANHYDRIDE CAS Number

Common Name: PHOSPHORIC ANHYDRIDE

CAS Number: 1314-56-3 RTK Substance number: 1517 DOT Number: UN 1807 Date: June 1988 Revision: January 2001 ------

HAZARD SUMMARY * Phosphoric Anhydride can affect you when breathed in. * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health * Phosphoric Anhydride is a HIGHLY CORROSIVE problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational CHEMICAL and contact can severely irritate and burn the diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. skin and eyes with possible eye damage. * Breathing Phosphoric Anhydride can irritate the nose WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS and throat. No occupational exposure limits have been established for * Breathing Phosphoric Anhydride can irritate the lungs Phosphoric Anhydride. This does not mean that this causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher substance is not harmful. Safe work practices should always exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs be followed. (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Phosphoric Anhydride is a REACTIVE CHEMICAL and * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust an EXPLOSION HAZARD. ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be IDENTIFICATION worn. Phosphoric Anhydride is a soft white powder or crystalline * Wear protective work clothing. (sugar or sand-like) material. It is used to make other * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to chemicals, as a drying agent, fire extinguishing agent, Phosphoric Anhydride and at the end of the workshift. laboratory reagent, and in sugar refining. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training REASON FOR CITATION effort, communicate all information on the health and * Phosphoric Anhydride is on the Hazardous Substance safety hazards of Phosphoric Anhydride to potentially List because it is cited by DOT and EPA. exposed workers. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is CORROSIVE and REACTIVE. * Definitions are provided on page 5.

HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most employers to label chemicals in the workplace and requires public employers to provide their employees with information and training concerning chemical hazards and controls. The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 1910.1200, requires private employers to provide similar training and information to their employees.

* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.1020.

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This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal potential and most severe health hazards that may result from right to this information under OSHA 1910.1020. exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to Mixed Exposures any of the potential effects described below. * Because smoking can cause heart disease, as well as lung ------cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems, it may worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION exposure. Even if you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce your risk of developing health Acute Health Effects problems. The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Phosphoric WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Anhydride: Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous * Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most with possible eye damage. effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to * Breathing Phosphoric Anhydride can irritate the nose enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at and throat. the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also * Breathing Phosphoric Anhydride can irritate the lungs reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs sometimes necessary. (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the Chronic Health Effects substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls some time after exposure to Phosphoric Anhydride and can should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when last for months or years: significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible.

Cancer Hazard In addition, the following controls are recommended: * According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, * Where possible, automatically transfer Phosphoric Phosphoric Anhydride has not been tested for its ability Anhydride from drums or other storage containers to to cause cancer in animals. process containers. * Before entering a confined space where Phosphoric Reproductive Hazard Anhydride may be present, check to make sure that an * According to the information presently available to the explosive concentration does not exist. New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Phosphoric Anhydride has not been tested for its ability Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous to affect reproduction. exposures. The following work practices are recommended:

Other Long-Term Effects * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by * Phosphoric Anhydride can irritate the lungs. Repeated Phosphoric Anhydride should change into clean clothing exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with cough, promptly. phlegm, and/or shortness of breath. * Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members could be exposed. MEDICAL * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Phosphoric Anhydride. Medical Testing * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the work area for emergency use. following is recommended: * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency

shower facilities should be provided. * Consider chest x-ray after acute overexposure. * On skin contact with Phosphoric Anhydride,

immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and the end of the workshift, wash any areas of the body that present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for may have contacted Phosphoric Anhydride, whether or damage already done are not a substitute for controlling not known skin contact has occurred. exposure.

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* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Phosphoric Anhydride to breathing is experienced, or eye irritation occurs while is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be wearing a full facepiece respirator, leave the area swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating, drinking, immediately. Check to make sure the respirator-to-face smoking, or using the toilet. seal is still good. If it is, replace the filter or cartridge. If * Use a vacuum to reduce dust during clean-up. the seal is no longer good, you may need a new respirator. * Be sure to consider all potential exposures in your PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT workplace. You may need a combination of filters, prefilters or cartridges to protect against different forms of WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN a chemical (such as vapor and mist) or against a mixture of PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for chemicals. some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs * Where the potential for high exposure exists, use a done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full controls are being installed), personal protective equipment facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- may be appropriate. pressure mode. For increased protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing OSHA 1910.132 requires employers to determine the apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- appropriate personal protective equipment for each hazard and pressure mode. to train employees on how and when to use protective equipment. HANDLING AND STORAGE

The following recommendations are only guidelines and may * Prior to working with Phosphoric Anhydride you should not apply to every situation. be trained on its proper handling and storage. * Phosphoric Anhydride will react violently with WATER; Clothing HYDROGEN FLUORIDE; IODIDES; SULFIDES; and * Avoid skin contact with Phosphoric Anhydride. Wear CALCIUM (when heated). acid-resistant gloves and clothing. Safety equipment * Phosphoric Anhydride is not compatible with SODIUM; suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on ALUMINUM; FORMIC ACID; POTASSIUM; the most protective glove/clothing material for your AMMONIA; PEROXIDES; MAGNESIUM; BROMINE operation. PENTAFLUORIDE; CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE; * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) PERCHLORIC ACID; and OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE. should be clean, available each day, and put on before * Store under Nitrogen in tightly closed containers in a cool, work. dry, well-ventilated area away from COMBUSTIBLES * ACGIH recommends Saranex, Neoprene, Nitrile and and MOISTURE. Polyvinyl Chloride as protective materials. * Wherever Phosphoric Anhydride is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical Eye Protection equipment and fittings. * Wear impact resistant eye protection with side shields or goggles. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS * Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances. Q: If I have acute health effects, will I later get chronic health effects? Respiratory Protection A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term) effects result IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. from repeated exposures to a chemical. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, Q: Can I get long-term effects without ever having short- requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and term effects? medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. A: Yes, because long-term effects can occur from repeated exposures to a chemical at levels not high enough to * Where the potential exists for overexposure to Phosphoric make you immediately sick. Anhydride, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved full facepiece respirator with an acid gas cartridge and particulate Q: What are my chances of getting sick when I have been prefilters. Increased protection is obtained from full exposed to chemicals? facepiece powered-air purifying respirators. A: The likelihood of becoming sick from chemicals is * If while wearing a filter or cartridge respirator you can increased as the amount of exposure increases. This is smell, taste, or otherwise detect Phosphoric Anhydride, determined by the length of time and the amount of or if while wearing particulate filters abnormal resistance material to which someone is exposed.

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Q: When are higher exposures more likely? ------A: Conditions which increase risk of exposure include dust The following information is available from: releasing operations (grinding, mixing, blasting, dumping, etc.), other physical and mechanical processes New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (heating, pouring, spraying, spills and evaporation from Occupational Health Service large surface areas such as open containers), and PO Box 360 "confined space" exposures (working inside vats, Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 reactors, boilers, small rooms, etc.). (609) 984-1863 (609) 292-5677 (fax) Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for workers than for community residents? Web address: http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/odisweb/ A: Yes. Exposures in the community, except possibly in cases of fires or spills, are usually much lower than those Industrial Hygiene Information found in the workplace. However, people in the Industrial hygienists are available to answer your questions community may be exposed to contaminated water as regarding the control of chemical exposures using exhaust well as to chemicals in the air over long periods. This ventilation, special work practices, good housekeeping, good may be a problem for children or people who are already hygiene practices, and personal protective equipment ill. including respirators. In addition, they can help to interpret the results of industrial hygiene survey data.

Medical Evaluation If you think you are becoming sick because of exposure to chemicals at your workplace, you may call personnel at the Department of Health and Senior Services, Occupational Health Service, who can help you find the information you need.

Public Presentations Presentations and educational programs on occupational health or the Right to Know Act can be organized for labor unions, trade associations and other groups.

Right to Know Information Resources The Right to Know Infoline (609) 984-2202 can answer questions about the identity and potential health effects of chemicals, list of educational materials in occupational health, references used to prepare the Fact Sheets, preparation of the Right to Know survey, education and training programs, labeling requirements, and general information regarding the Right to Know Act. Violations of the law should be reported to (609) 984-2202. ------

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DEFINITIONS

ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental NAERG is the North American Emergency Response Industrial Hygienists. It recommends upper limits (called Guidebook. It was jointly developed by Transport Canada, TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals. the United States Department of Transportation and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico. A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer. It is a guide for first responders to quickly identify the specific or generic hazards of material involved in a transportation The CAS number is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts incident, and to protect themselves and the general public Service to identify a specific chemical. during the initial response phase of the incident.

A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will NCI is the National Cancer Institute, a federal agency that burn. determines the cancer-causing potential of chemicals.

A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It irreversible damage to human tissue or containers. classifies substances according to their fire and explosion hazard. DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves respirators, DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency conducts studies of workplace hazards, and proposes that regulates the transportation of chemicals. standards to OSHA.

EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards. chemicals and reviews evidence for cancer.

A fetus is an unborn human or animal. OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which adopts and enforces health and safety standards. A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will ignite easily and burn rapidly. PEOSHA is the Public Employees Occupational Safety and Health Act, a state law which sets PELs for New Jersey public The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid employees. gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. PIH is a DOT designation for chemicals which are Poison HHAG is the Human Health Assessment Group of the federal Inhalation Hazards. EPA. ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a measure of concentration by volume in air. scientific group that classifies chemicals according to their cancer-causing potential. A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases energy under certain conditions. A miscible substance is a liquid or gas that will evenly dissolve in another. A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by damaging the fetus. mg/m3 means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air. It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume). TLV is the Threshold Limit Value, the workplace exposure limit recommended by ACGIH. MSHA is the Mine Safety and Health Administration, the federal agency that regulates mining. It also evaluates and The vapor pressure is a measure of how readily a liquid or a approves respirators. solid mixes with air at its surface. A higher vapor pressure indicates a higher concentration of the substance in air and A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation therefore increases the likelihood of breathing it in. is a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations can lead to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer.

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Common Name: PHOSPHORIC ANHYDRIDE ======DOT Number: UN 1807 FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire NAERG Code: 137 department. You can request emergency information from the CAS Number: 1314-56-3 following:

CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300 Hazard rating NJDHSS NFPA NJDEP HOTLINE: 1-877-WARN-DEP FLAMMABILITY - - ======

REACTIVITY 2 - HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3) CORROSIVE AND REACTIVE DO NOT USE WATER POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE FIRST AID CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE In NJ, for POISON INFORMATION call 1-800-764-7661

Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water. Continue FIRE HAZARDS without stopping for at least 30 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. * Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Phosphoric Anhydride itself does not Skin Contact burn. * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash * DO NOT USE WATER. area with large amounts of water. Seek medical attention. * POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Phosphorus Oxides fumes. Breathing * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * Remove the person from exposure. * Use water spray only to keep fire-exposed containers cool. * Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if * Phosphoric Anhydride may ignite combustibles (wood, breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. paper and oil). * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained * Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES PHYSICAL DATA If Phosphoric Anhydride is spilled, take the following steps: Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 723oF (384oC)

Water Solubility: Reactive * Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill until clean-up is complete. OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES * Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Chemical Name: * DO NOT USE WATER OR WET METHOD. Phosphorus Oxide * Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. Other Names: * Keep Phosphoric Anhydride out of a confined space, such Phosphorus Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless ------the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial concentrations. purposes. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Phosphoric ------Anhydride as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your SENIOR SERVICES regional office of the federal Environmental Protection Right to Know Program Agency (EPA) for specific recommendations. PO Box 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 * If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be (609) 984-2202 properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be ------applicable.