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Download (6Mb) University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/60419 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. PRODUCING CHINA The Politics of Space in the Making of Modern China Marijn Nieuwenhuis Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and International Studies University of Warwick, Department of Politics and International Studies September 2013 i Table of Contents Table of Figures ..................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ v Declaration ............................................................................................................ vi Abstract ................................................................................................................ vii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................ viii Note on Referencing and Transliteration ................................................................ ix Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Theory of the Thesis ........................................................................................................ 4 Situating the Thesis ......................................................................................................... 7 Contributions of the Thesis ........................................................................................... 11 Methodology of the Thesis ........................................................................................... 14 Structure of the Thesis .................................................................................................. 16 1. Chapter One: Rethinking State Space ...................................................... 20 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 20 Globalisation ................................................................................................................. 25 Space, Time and Capitalism .......................................................................................... 40 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 49 2. Chapter Two: A Short Genealogy of Modern Space .................................. 52 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 52 Being in Place, Being in Politics ..................................................................................... 56 Modern Space ............................................................................................................... 71 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 91 3. Chapter Three: The Production of Modern China ..................................... 93 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 93 Early Modernity in China ............................................................................................... 97 Modern China.............................................................................................................. 129 The Nationalists’ Production of Modern China .......................................................... 140 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 158 4. Chapter Four: The Production of Chinese Communism .......................... 162 i Introduction ................................................................................................................ 162 Urban Space ................................................................................................................ 165 Reproducing and Reimagining Beijing ........................................................................ 187 The Cultural Revolution .............................................................................................. 201 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 212 5. Chapter Five: The Production of Space with Chinese Characteristics (1978- 1989) 215 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 215 Objective Economic Laws, Contradictions and the Process of Depoliticisation ......... 218 Depoliticising Space for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics ................................ 232 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 248 6. Chapter Six: The Production of Space after Tiananmen (1989 - ) ............ 251 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 251 The Postmodern and the depoliticised Production of Space ..................................... 255 Nationalisation of Space ............................................................................................. 277 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 290 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 292 Modern Space ............................................................................................................. 292 The Early Modern Chinese State ................................................................................. 294 State Space under Chinese Communism .................................................................... 295 Contradictions and Depoliticisation with ‘Chinese Characteristics’ ........................... 295 Implications and Venues for Future Research ............................................................ 298 Notes ................................................................................................................. 304 References ......................................................................................................... 337 ii Table of Figures Figure 2-1: Visualisations of the early ‘ideal’ Chinese city .......................................... 69 Figure 3-1: The five dependencies in the Yu Gong ...................................................... 99 Figure 3-2: The Hereford Mappa Mundi (ca. 1290) ................................................... 100 Figure 3-3: Yu Ji Tu (Map of the Tracks of Yu)......................................................... 104 Figure 3-4: Guang yutu atlas ....................................................................................... 106 Figure 3-5: Kangxi huang yu quan lan tu.................................................................... 116 Figure 3-6: Reproduction of the general map of the Jesuit Atlas ............................... 117 Figure 3-7: Qianlong nei fu yu tu ................................................................................ 119 Figure 3-8: Yuanming Yuan ....................................................................................... 126 Figure 3-9: The General Map of the Qing Dynasty .................................................... 130 Figure 3-10: China in 1908 ......................................................................................... 131 Figure 3-11: International Concessions in Shanghai .................................................. 136 Figure 3-12: Zhonghua guochi ditu ............................................................................ 144 Figure 3-13: Zhongguo guochi ditu ............................................................................ 145 Figure 3-14: 'Map of China’s National Humiliation' .................................................. 146 Figure 3-15: Zhong hua guochi tu ............................................................................... 146 Figure 3-16: Zhong ri jiawu zhanzheng jian tu ........................................................... 148 Figure 3-17: The National Government Centre (Nanjing) .......................................... 152 Figure 3-18: The Layout of the ten Ministry Buildings (Nanjing) ............................. 152 Figure 3-19: Plan for administrative zones (Nanjing)................................................. 153 Figure 3-20: Map of zoned district (Nanjing) ............................................................. 155 Figure 3-21: Aerial Sketch of a government workers district ..................................... 155 Figure 4-1: Plan for a residential compound ............................................................... 171 Figure 4-2: University danwei .................................................................................... 172 Figure
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