VOYAGES & TRAVEL CATALOGUE 1485

MAGGS BROS. LTD. atalogue  is a selection of  fty or so travel items to celebrate the  rm’s moving Cinto its new premises at  Bedford Square. In recent times we have structured travel catalogues by region, but here we hark back to some of the early, great Maggs catalogues and have ordered the items chronologically. We have tried to represent each area of the globe, from the discoveries in both poles, the Far East, the Middle East, the Paci c and the Americas. Among Cover image: item 25; Company School the highlights, are the two early manuscript leaves documenting Marco Polo’s travels to China and, particularly, Tibet.  ere is a stunning mid-eighteenth MAGGS BROS. LTD. 48 Bedford Square London WC1B 3DR century view of Rio de Janeiro by the Baron de Breteuil, Telephone: ++ ()    a signi cant album of Indian watercolours executed by Facsimile: ++ ()    Company School artists, and a vast trove of manuscript Email: [email protected] and photographic material assembled by Charles Tennant for his landmark work on Ceylon.  e Arctic is represented by the likes of Arthur Dobbs and John Rae while the Antarctic includes a rare copy of James Weddell’s  Observations… and two of Herbert Ponting’s beautiful photographs. We look forward to welcoming you to the new shop as we commence the next phase of our history.

© Maggs Bros. Ltd. 2017 Design by Radius Graphics Printed and Bound by The Gomer Press, Ceredigion

An Original 14th Century Manuscript of an Important Section of Marco Polo’s Travels

POLO (Marco). [Two original th century manuscript leaves, on vellum, containing the text of seven chapters of Marco Polo’s landmark description of his travels to Asia, including his description of Tibet]. Two folio vellum leaves (approx.   by  mm), a total of four pages. Each page with manuscript text in two columns, each column containing  fty-two lines of text in a Franco-Italic script in a neat Gothic hand. With six decorated two-colour initials (one for the  rst letter of each chapter start), each more than three lines in height. Glue residue on the recto of both leaves, a remnant of their previous use as pastedowns in another volume, with resulting abrasions in a few places. Old stab holes in left edge of both leaves. Worming in the margins, tears and stains in the edges of both leaves. Burn holes and worming affecting about seventy- ve total words of text. In a folding morocco clamshell box, spine gilt. [Northern Italy, ca. ]. £,

A truly remarkable and important survival, these two manuscript leaves contain the text of seven chapters of one of the most signi cant and resonant travel accounts in the history of human endeavour, the journey of Marco Polo across Asia in the late th century. Two of the chapters contain Polo’s account of Tibet, the  rst description of that region by a European. Contemporary scholars maintain that Polo’s account was  rst written in a popular literary language of the day, called Franco-Italic. The present redac- tion of the travels of Marco Polo, written circa  and within a generation of Polo’s death, is in the same Franco-Italic script. It therefore presents the earliest and most accurate text of Polo’s travels, and provides important information and signi cant evidence of how this now-legendary travel account was transmitted and read a century before the invention of the printing press. Since it can be argued that Marco Polo’s

MAGGS 3 most important contribution to the history of discovery was so much in his that “most scholars believe that travels through Asia but by relating his knowledge of Asia to Europe, these it was written either in French or manuscript leaves are of the highest signi cance. in a variant of French, an arti - Marco Polo ( - ) was born into a prominent Venetian trad- cial literary language popular in ing family. In  he departed with his father and uncle toward the East, Italy at the time, called Franco- travelling through Syria, Jerusalem, Turkey, Persia, and India, to China Italian” (p. ). This “ rst edi- and the court of Kublai Khan. Marco Polo became a favourite of the Khan tion” is referred to by Larner and travelled throughout China over the next  fteen years as an emissary and others as the “F” text. An of the Mongol emperor. Polo returned to Venice in , only to be brie y early  th century version of imprisoned in Genoa a few years later. During this imprisonment, in , this “F” text is held by the Bib- he dictated his adventures to Rusticiano (also called Rustichello) of Pisa, liotheque Nationale in France and the text became known as IL MILIONE. The original text was written (BNF ms. fr. , also known in Franco-Italic, and was quickly translated into Latin and other languages as the “Geographic Text”), and by court clerks. The  rst printed edition was made in Nuremberg in  , it is believed that most redac- followed by a Latin translation (Christopher Columbus’s had a copy of this tions of this Franco-Italic text edition in his library). come from this copy. The most These two vellum leaves were discovered as pastedowns in an unrelated recent published edition of the work, the identity of which is not known to us. The recto of the  rst leaf “F” text is that edited by Gabri- contains the concluding nine lines (about half the text) of chapter  (as ella Ronchi, published in . designated in the Ronchi edition; designated chapter XLII of Book II by The present manuscript leaves Yule) of IL MILIONE, and the two leaves contain the entireties of Ronchi’s of Polo’s text correspond, with chapters  to  (Yule’s chapters XLIII to XLVII in Book II). The verso some very minor variations, to of the  nal leaf contains the  rst twenty-one lines of Ronchi’s chapter  the text as reproduced by Ron- (chapter XLVIII in Book II of Yule), about one quarter of the text. In these chi, and therefore represent Polo’s manuscript as it was transmitted in its chapters, Polo describes his travels through the province of Cuncun (Han- earliest form. chung), Acbalec Manzi (the Han River valley and north Sichuan), the city These two manuscript leaves of Marco Polo’s IL MILIONE have been of Sindafu, Caindu, and Carajan. He discusses the nature, qualities, and examined by three eminent palaeographers, including Albert Derolez, formerly topography of the land through which he travelled, the people he encoun- Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books at the Library of the State University tered, and their customs, habits, and manners, as well as their methods of of Ghent; Paul Saenger, Curator of Rare Books at the Newberry Library commerce, religion, courtship, and government. in Chicago; and Consuelo Dutschke, Curator of Medieval Manuscripts at Most importantly, two of the chapters included in these manuscript Columbia University Library. All three agree that the manuscript was created leaves give Polo’s description of Tibet, the  rst description of the region by in Italy circa , based on the script and the decoration of the initials. a European. Polo discusses the large cane plants found in Tibet, and the These manuscript leaves, written within a generation of Marco Polo’s death residents’ habit of burning the plants, which make a very loud sound when and containing the text that most closely corresponds to the now-lost origi- burned, to keep wild animals away. He then goes on to describe the mating nal manuscript, represent the earliest and most accurate form of one of the and marriage rituals of the Tibetans, including the male preference for expe- most important and celebrated travel accounts in human history. A treasure. rienced, non-virginal women as their mates. Polo also relates that gold dust LARNER, John; Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World (New Haven, ), is found in great abundance in the rivers and lakes of Tibet, that cinnamon Introduction, Appendix I, and pp.- ; YULE, Henry, ed. (revised by Henri Cordier), and other spices grow there in plenty, and that the Tibetans covet coral, The Book of Ser Marco Polo (London,  ), Vol. I, pp.- and Vol. II, Appendix F. which is hung around the necks of the women and of their religious idols. RONCHI, Gabriella, ed.; Milione, Le Divisament dou Monde (Milan,  ), pp.-. John Larner notes that the original manuscript of Polo’s adventures as Howgego I, P -P . narrated by Polo himself to Rusticiano of Pisa has not survived, but writes

MAGGS 5 

Cortes’ Second Letter. John Murray’s Copy with his Bookplate Presented to him by Martius

MARTYR (Peter) & CORTES (Hernando). Praeclara Ferdinadi Cortesii de nova Maris Oceani Hyspania Narratio… [With:] De Rebus, et Insulis Noviter Repertis. Full-page armorial to verso of title without the folding plan of Mexico City (supplied in facsimile) with initial letters & one tail- piece. to. Contemporary blind stamped calf over oak boards, with the remains of clasps, lower board very slightly defective at corner, but a lovely copy overall in its  rst binding, with some unobtrusive light worming. [ ], , [],  ll. [Nuremberg, Fridericus Peypus,  ]. £,

The  rst Latin edition of Cortés’ second letter, after its original publication in Seville in . The work was translated by Petrus Savorgnanus. This copy does not bear the portrait of Pope Clement VII on the verso of the fourth preliminary leaf which is not found with all copies. Cortés’ second letter, dated Oct. , , provides a vivid account of the people he encountered and fought en route to Tenochtitlan (Mexico), painting a picture of an impressive empire centred around a great city. He relates his scrape with rival Velazquez and gives a wonderful description of the buildings, institutions, and court at Tenochtitlan. It is here that Cortés provides a de nitive name for the country, calling it “New Spain of the Ocean Sea”. This letter is also important for referring to Cortés’ “lost”  rst letter, supposedly composed at Vera Cruz on July , . Whether that letter was actually lost or sup- pressed by the Council of the Indies is unknown, but there is little doubt it once existed. As usual, the second letter is here bound with Peter Martyr’s De Rebus, et Insulis Noviter Repertis, which provides an account of the recently discovered West Indies and their inhabitants. It is often considered Provenance: Iohan Alberecht Von und Zu Haimhausen c. , engraved a substitute for the lost  rst Cortés letter. One of the most important early armorial bookplate; Carl Friedrich Philipp Von Martius, signature, John descriptions of Mexico, and a key factor in maintaining Spain’s interest in Murray  pencil note declares “Letters of Cortez given me by Dr Martius the New World. May ”, pictorial bookplate, partly printed in gold. European Americana,  /; Sabin, ; Harisse,  . Medina (BHA) ; Church, .

MAGGS 7 

Early English Colony in South America

HARCOURT (Robert). The Relation of a Voyage to Guiana. Describing the Climate, Situation, Fertilitie, & Commodities of that Country. Together with the Manner and Customes of the people… now newly reviewed & enlarged, by addition of some necessary notes, for the more ample explaining of some things mentioned in the said Relation: Together, with a larger declaration of the famous River of the Amazones, and the Country therabout. Gathered from the modern experience of our Country-men. The Patent for the Plantation of which Country His majesty hath lately Granted to a Corporation. Second edition. Small to. Very attractive pale green morocco of c.. with glazed green paper pastedowns. gilt, a.e.g. xvi,  pp. London, Edwrd. Allde, . £ ,

Although, there were two editions of this tract, both equally rare, events in the proto-colony had moved somewhat since the publication of the  rst edition () and Harcourt in this second edition is clearly attempting to keep his  edgling outpost in the public eye and to consolidate his interests there. In the preface, he asks the King to combine his charter with that granted to Roger North’s Company. He succeeded in this as the combined charter was issued in . Harcourt, with his brother, Michael, had arrived with a party of  set- tlers in ; they set up headquarters at the mouth of the river Wiapoco, and during subsequent exploration Robert Harcourt sailed  miles up the Amazon. He and his bother returned to England but the settlers remained. Robert returned to Guiana in , dying there in , the colony had disappeared, and it was not until the s that a permanent English foot- hold was established in the north of South America. STC  ; Alden-Landis  / ; Sabin  .

MAGGS 9 

From the Imperial Workshop

GO-MIZUNOO (Emperor of Japan). Hoke-kyo [Lotus Sutra], chapter . “Myoho Rengekyo Yakuo Bosatsu Honji” [The Act of the Medicine Bodhisattva as revealed in the Lotus Sutra]. Highly signi cant manuscript scroll written in gold ink on indigo- dyed paper, text in seventeen characters per line, arranged in columns separated by triple gold lines. Top and bottom margin decorated in gold and silver with scattered gold leaves, the reverse side decorated entirely in gold and silver with painted  oral designs. Measuring  by mm. Kansubon. Frontispiece illustration measuring  by mm in ink, colour, and gold on household there is some argument over who was ultimately responsible for light purple paper. Original brocade cover with woven title entitled this commission. Various arguments speak for either Go-Mizunoo or his ‘Yakuo-bon’. Central roller (jiku) and stave (hasso) with original daughter but it is reasonable to assume that they would have consulted each metalwork applications, the former bearing the Tokugawa-mon other before commencing this task. (Tokugawa family crest) on both ends, the latter with the original Our scroll conforms in size and design to a copy of chapter eight held silk cord attached to a  oral bronze piece in the middle. Occasional in the British Library. The metal applications as well as the design of the light rubbing but overall in very good condition. N.p., n.d., [but brocade cover and indeed the silk cord are identical. The style of the frontis- Kyoto, ]. £ , piece painting also conforms to our scroll, which represents conclusive proof that our copy dates from the same year . To celebrate the twenty- rst anniversary of the death of the Shogun Ieyasu the Shogunate undertook This lavishly decorated manuscript of the twenty-third chapter of the ‘Lotus extensive renovations of the Nikko Toshogu shrine - where Ieyasu was in Sutra’ originally formed part of a set of twenty-eight scrolls commissioned fact enshrined as a God - and these were completed in . Following by the retired Japanese Emperor, Go-Mizunoo (-) - or possibly his Buddhist custom the Imperial household was required to pay respects on daughter, the Empress Meisho - to commemorate the twenty- rst anniver- certain dates, namely the  rst (), seventh (), thirteenth (), sary (niju-ichi shinki [this term literally means ‘remembering a God’]) of the seventeenth (), and the twenty- rst () year after his death, and on death of the Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu ( -). In  the Emperor each occasion gifts were presented. To the best of our knowledge the st Go-Mizunoo had been forced to marry Kazuko (-), the second anniversary of  was the  rst time that a set of the Lotus Sutra was pre- daughter of the Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada (-). When Emperor sented to the Nikko Toshogu and this became a tradition that was repeated abdicated in , their daughter Okiko ( -) ascended the throne on the th, th, th &th anniversaries. The text of the Lotus Sutra as the Empress Meisho (reigned - ) - one of a very small number itself makes numerous references to the bene ts that are bestowed on those of occasions when a female held the throne in Japan. While there is no who write, read, and receive the Lotus Sutra and such a gift may have been doubt that the scroll was commissioned by a central  gure in the Imperial regarded as appropriate and useful in afterlife.

MAGGS 11 Generally speaking, copies of the Lotus Sutras are unsigned and undated as well as signatures of ten scribes which had hitherto been hidden by the and traditionally the scroll in the British Library had been linked to a set roller. It seems entirely plausible that similar information may be included that was produced on the th anniversary. However, when their scroll in our copy of the scroll but we have not had the courage to check. (See: was stolen in , the thief removed the central roller from the scroll and Yuying Brown: ‘Lost and Found - The revelation of the Lotus Sutra’ in ‘The when the BL recovered it from a London auction house in  they were British Library OIOC Newsletter’ No.  Spring/Summer , p. ff). amazed to  nd that this act of barbarism had revealed a date of May ,

MAGGS 13 

Important Compilation of Dutch Voyages to the Paci c & East Indies

[COMMELIN (Isaac) ed.] Begin Ende Voortgangh van de Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie. Amsterdam. Third edition.  parts in  vols. Two extra engraved title-pages (one handcoloured), two large folding maps, plus  other maps & plates. Oblong to. Handsome contemporary calf, rebacked with some very minor restoration, some minor rubbing, engraved title & one plate in vol. I mounted, minor marginal losses & tears to four plates, with repairs to tears & folds of  plates, large ink-stain to one leaf of vol. I. [Amsterdam,  ]. £,

The third and best edition of this important collection of voyages made on behalf of the East India Company. Increasingly scarce, this attractive set is in the original Dutch binding. The cornerstone of any research on early Dutch voyages, it contains a wealth of important material relating to the history of early Paci c exploration, as well as the development of the East Indies. The work includes important early voyages to the Philippines, China and Japan and, as many of the voy- ages came from the East, there is a good deal of information on the Straits of Magellan. Furthermore, it is noteworthy for including some of the only contemporary information on the voyages of the Duyfken. Skippered by Willem Janz, it made the  rst authenticated European sighting of Australia in . Its preface, by Commelin, contains a summary of Dutch voyages to the East Indies undertaken before . Beautifully illustrated, it contains a wonderful assemblage of maps and plates of native peoples, hunting techniques (including for penguins and polar bears), Dutch camps and settlements, forts, South American ports, battle scenes, animals, trees, fruits, and other natural resources. A full summary of the voyages is available on request. Sabin, , ; JCB III, II:; Bell, C; Tiele, -pp.

MAGGS 15 

With the Routier for the East & West Indies

DASSIE (F., Sieur). L’Architecture Navale, contenant la Manière de constuire les Navires, Galères & Chaloupes, & la Dé nition de plusieurs autres especes de Vaisseaux. Avec Les Tables des Longitude, Latitudes & Marées, Cours & distances des principaux Ports des quatre parties du Monde; une Description des Dangers, Edueils, & l’expliaction des Termes de la marine… [With] Le Routier des Indes Orientales et Occidentales: Traitant des Saisons propres à y faire Voyage: Une description des Anchrages, Profondeurs de plusieurs Havres & Ports d mer. Avec vingt-six differentes navigations. First edition.  vols. in . Eight engraved plates. to. Contemporary speckled calf, spine gilt, somewhat worn at extremities, head/tail caps chipped. [x], -, , []; [ii], , [], []errata.pp. Paris, Jean de la Caille, . £,

A very good copy of one of the earliest works on naval architecture. Dassie was a master draughtsman in the naval guards of Toulon and this work has added importance as a document on Louis XIV’s navy. Furthermore, it was published at a time when “French ships were looked at as models for English builders to imitate” (Fincham). Very few chapters in the  rst work are devoted to what we would nowadays call ‘naval architecture’. Instead the majority deal with shipboard operations such as victualling, navigation and naval tactics. Of additional interest is the accompanying Routier, which incorporates the East and West Indies, Virginia, Florida, the Cape of Good Hope, Mombasa, Malacca and Macau. Fincham, J; A History of Naval Architecture (London, ).

MAGGS 17 

The First Peking Printing for Europeans

VERBIEST (Ferdinand). Epistola P. Ferdinandi Verbiest vice Provincialis Missionis Sinensis, anno , die . Augusti, ex Curia Pekinensi in Europam ad Socios missa. Xylographically printed letter from Verbiest as Vice-Provincial in China to the fathers of the Society in Europe. Folio, measuring  by mm. In  ne condition. ff. Preserved in custom-made quarter morocco case. (Peking,  August ). £,

This is the  rst Latin language letter to have been printed in Peking for European consumption. It was addressed to Jesuits in Europe and circu- lated widely in Jesuit colleges. Verbiest urgently appeals for funds as well as suitable missionaries and sets out the character-traits and skills required: “He has to be a man gifted with a particular virtue, especially prudence, patience and magnanimity, based upon the trust in God and union with Him. Before all, he should master astronomy, both speculative and practical, and be acquainted with the more elegant mathematics…” Verbiest goes on to complain about the lack of mathematical training in the colleges and com- pares this to the high esteem in which mathematics is held in China. He also makes some interesting observations on China’s view of the neighbouring regions: “For such is the opinion of Chinese wisdom and the outstanding system of writing held by the surrounding nations, … that whatever China has adopted, they persuade themselves is without doubt the best. And such is their political system of ruling, such the splendour and brightness of their things, so civilized the cultivation between men of mutual intercourse, and their way of doing things, that apart from the Europeans, all other nations when compared with the Chinese should really be seen as barbarians.” Not in Chan; Streit V, ; Not in Cordier: L’imprimerie sino-européenne en Chine . A copy is listed in the Royal Library (Bibliotheca Hultemiana) in Brussels. See Golvers, p. f. & p. f.

MAGGS 19 

Henry Morgan on the Business of Capturing Pirates

MORGAN (Sir Henry). [LS to the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Navy reporting activities against pirates.] Manuscript in ink. pp. Folio. Old folds, tears to left margin affecting text (though consistent with its appearance in the Gentleman’s Magazine in September ).  July, . £,

It’s dif cult to imagine a more satisfying letter by Morgan in this phase of In the aftermath of the Anglo-Spanish peace treaty in , Morgan his career. This remarkable survival was written during his second stint as was appointed admiral of the privateers and was charged with reporting on acting governor of Jamaica. Morgan, of all people, gives us an insight into Spanish designs on Jamaica. In the ensuing four years, Morgan engaged in a his ongoing concerns with pirates and methods for dealing with them: series of daring exploits against the Spanish - fully justifying his reputation “Wee have taken the Sloop of one of Jacob Evertson, a most notorious as courageous and decisive leader in battle. His fortunes took a turn for Pyrate and make use of her to accompany the Norwich in crewsing after the the worse, when in  he was imprisoned for the very actions he carried many villainous Pyrates that now infest these coastes. She saves the great out on behalf of then Governor of Jamaica Thomas Modyford. However, charge wee were att before for a Pylote, sounds places that are dangerous, it was a brief decline and he was released just two years later. The follow- and is able to pursue Pyrates where the Frigott, by reason of Shoalness of the ing year, to the dismay of the Spanish, Morgan was appointed lieutenant water, cannot goe; besides, shee is usefull to give us constant information of governor of Jamaica. such accidents as happen. I have lately had some Pyrates brought in, whereof Morgan being Morgan, one of his  rst acts on arriving in Jamaica was one was according to his demerits executed, and one Thoms, a most famous to extend a welcome to privateers, invest in some of them and even conspire villain, who lately took a Vessell of this Island of a considerable value, is with the French governor of Tortuga to provide letters of marque in return taken and now under Tryall. I have sent the Frigott to crewse and endeavor for a percentage of prizes. He likely hadn’t bargained for his superior, John to reduce such as are abroad, and have given Captain Haywood particular Vaughan, to take against him and demand he put an end to privateering. charge to look out for one Lawrence, a great and mischievous Pyrate, who Yet Morgan outlasted Vaughan who was recalled in  and worked well commands a Ship of Twenty-Eight Gunns, and has Two hundred men on with Vaughan’s replacement, Charles Howard,  rst earl of Carlisle. board; and, that the Fregott might bee the better able to deale with him, At the time of writing, Morgan had fallen out of favour with King and freer from danger of being worsted or taken …” Charles II and was seeking to shore up his reputation. “He kept his Port In fact, Morgan had captured Evertson back in February. In , HMS Royal militia and foot company in good training and used his contacts among Norwich was dispatched under Captain Heywood’s command to disrupt seamen to obtain intelligence. The threat of war with the French allowed the pirates in Caribbean waters. She was wrecked on return from Cartagena him to introduce martial law in  and  and secure the resources in , and Heywood himself was later appointed governor of Jamaica. needed to improve the forti cations at Port Royal by levying  nancial Lastly, the “great and mischievous pirate” was Laurens de Graf the Dutch contributions and requisitioning slave labour to build three new forts. He pirate who was at that time serving for the French in Saint-Domingue. also increased the number of guns mounted at the forts from sixty in 

MAGGS 21 to over a hundred by . By  Port Royal was the best forti ed town in English America” (ODNB). Furthermore, “Morgan arrested a number of men who were, even in his book, pirates: men who operated without com- missions or seized English ships. But he had little heart for punishing even such outright scoundrels, and when they were sentenced to death Morgan sought reprieves. After orders to proceed with execution Morgan could not disguise his distaste ‘for I abhor bloodshed and I am greatly dissatis ed that in my short government I have been so often compelled to punish criminals with death’” (ibid). Any manuscript material regarding Henry Morgan is rare on the market. This satisfying example shows the great man under pressure, and striving to balance his obligations as governor with his obvious sympathies as probably the most famous seventeenth century pirate.

MAGGS 23 

Inquisiton into a Martyr’s Death

[VENEZUELA] ALBALATE (Fray Miguel de). [A Martyr’s Death in Venezuela. Martyrdom of Albalate (Padre Fray Miguel de). Manuscript Report (in Spanish) of the death of the Founder of the Franciscan Mission in San Miguel-entre-los-Rios, Cumana.] Manuscript in ink. pp. Folio. San Balthasar de Arias, Cumana, . £,

The manuscript is an of cial contemporary transcript of the statements of witnesses, asked for by Fray Juan de la Puente, Prefect of the Capuchin Mission in Cumana. Apparently, there had been con icting statements regarding the death of Fray Miguel de Albalate, in consequence of which the Prefect requested that the witnesses should make their statements before the Public Notary, so that he might forward them to the Padre General. The three principal points upon which he desired information were:  rst, whether he had been killed by Indians; secondly, if he died without offering any resistance; thirdly, whether it was in odium  dei, directly or indirectly. They were also asked to state what they knew of the manner in which the boy Manuel de Vera, who used to assist the Padre at Mass, had met his death. The reply came through the Vicario, Don Lorenzo Marques de Valenzuela, who transmitted the witnesses’ statements. “He had seen the Rev. Padre Miguel de Albalate, brought in dead, said one witness. The Padre had been  ed.” Other witnesses declare that some time later they saw that the body killed by another Indian, who had turned against the others’ - whose testi- had also been partly burnt. With regard to the third question, the general mony, however, was not obtained at  rst hand. The essential information opinion is that the Indians objected to conversion, and as the Padre had of all witnesses was, therefore, based upon that of this Indian eye-witness. founded a Mission amongst them, they decided to destroy it and kill him. The witness continued that the Indian had declared that after the  rst stab, With regard to the death of the boy, Manuel Lorenzo de Vera, who assisted when the Padre had been standing with his back to them, and they had the Padre at Mass, the witness declared he had seen the body brought in, all approached him with the pretence of friendship, he turned to them, and burnt, and that he had heard one of the Indians say that they had stabbed admonished them, telling them many things of God … and he folded his him with darts. arms, awaiting the onslaught, saying he was prepared to die, with words of love upon his lips… After several lance thrusts, they burnt the house and The Document bears the stamp and seal of the Capuchin Order.

MAGGS 25 

Notes on a Seventeenth Century East India Company Voyage to India

HOUBLON (Sir James). [A merchant’s manuscript notes on India.] Manuscript in ink. Small to. Stitched without wrappers, some pale damp-staining not affecting legibility.  pp. [India], c.  . £ ,

James Houblon (-) was a merchant of some regard, holding posi- tions in the East India Company and the Levant Company. This manuscript is  lled with Houblon’s notes regarding trade in India. The work commences with “Severall observations wh I had from [?] wn I came with him over and from India visit” which is actually a breakdown of weights and currencies in cities such as Macon, Mallacca, Manilla, Jahore, Cochean, Bollora, Goa, Alleppo, Deccan, Quedah, Surratt et al. The bulk of the manuscript is provided by his account, “Some obser- vations on things in my voyage to India begun  Janry  & ending at fort St. George  June  .” Houblon shows himself to be wonderfully bad-tempered, complaining of the noise, fellow passengers, and the crew. He devotes a couple of pages to the best attire for the climate, praising linen and callico. Houblon notes the various distances from the Cape of Good Hope to India, remarking on weather conditions at various latitudes, and setting in the barraigne unfrutefully place of goa wch occassiond their loss the amount of time return trips may take English ships. He discusses the of those Islands & by that meanes likewise all their strong holds in India.” quality of their provisions, crops, commodities, the best times of year to He is actually rather appalled by the Dutch: “consider but the vast charge approach various ports, and health concerns. The  nal two sections both the Dutch are att by fforts souldiers ship factories in all places of India to relate to gemstones. secure & vend their spices and if they were only reduced to the bare prof ts His observations on the efforts of colonial powers to gain a stronghold those comodities would yeild they would not be able to uphold their grandure in India are of real interest. Houblon is constantly looking for strategic in India, theire insolence being so very great that neither Dutch freeman or advantages for the East India Company. Indeed, his remarks on security native but would willingly be freed from their tyrrany.” And eager to disrupt suggest he’d like to fortify the entire coast. their trade: “Oberserve how much better we might forti e in Bengall than His views on the Dutch and Portuguese are alternately wary and dis- the Dutch because of our having Bombay. Settling up a manufacture of  ax missive: “The pollicy of the Dutch in seating themselves wth their maine in Bengall would be vastly prejudicial to the Dutch.” strength so neare the Mollucque Islands as Batavia is, wch is the only thing that upholds their grandeurs in India - and how foolish the portugaiz were Manuscripts of such substance are increasingly rare. This one provides in not bringing their maine strength nearer those Mollucque Islands but excellent insights into the early years of the East India Company.

MAGGS 27

Gorgeous Italian Architecture

DAL RE (Marcantonio). Ville di Delizia, o siano Palaggi Camparecci nello stato di Milano; divise in sei tomi con espressevi le piante, e diverse vedute delle medesime, etc.-Maisons de Plaisance… First edition.  engraved plates (many folding & double- page), titles, text and captions in Italian & French. Oblong folio. Nineteenth century half calf, spine gilt, extremities rubbed. Milan, . £,

A beautiful copy of Dal Re’s “garden of delights,” comprising views of the eight grandest villas outside Milan: Villa detta la Simonetta, villa del Isola Borromea et Bella, villa di Begioioso, villa di Robecco, villa d’Oreo, Merate, Cinisello, and villa bi Brigniana. A truly lavish publication, it includes a large bird’s-eye view of each villa on six joined sheets measuring up to  by mm. The plates are all remarkably strong impressions. Although the title states that there are six volumes, just two were published, this and the second volume in  . Dal Re was born in Bologna in . By the age of , he was working as an engraver in Cremona (records show that he had his own shop in Bor- ghetto), and moved to Milan in , where he remained until his death in . Although he produced major works on Lombardy, Venice and Roman vases throughout his career, the failure to see the entirety of this masterpiece through the press was a great disappointment to Dal Re. Copies are scarce on the market, auction records list just two copies in the past forty years, the last being in . Brunet II, .

MAGGS 29  

A Texas Rarity A Key Work on Hudson Bay

[TEXAS] ESPINOSA (Isidro Felis de). DOBBS (Arthur). El Peregrino Septentrional Atlante: delineado An Account of the Countries Adjoining to en la exemplarissima vida del veneranle Hudson’s Bay, in the North-West Part of padre F. Antonio Margil de Jesus. America: Containing a Description of their Second edition. Engraved portrait. vo. Modern calf, title printed Lakes and Rivers, the Nature of the Soil and in red and black, dampstaining to title-page & frontispiece, text Climates, and their methods of Commerce otherwise clean & bright. x, , [], [ index]pp. Valencia, Joseph &c. Shewing the Bene t to be made by Settling Thomas Lucas,  . £, Colonies, and Opening a Trade in these Parts: Whereby the French will be Deprived in a Great Measure of their Traf ck in Furs, and First printed in Mexico in , this is an the Communication between Canada and important and rare work on Texas, and Mississippi be cut off: with an Abstract of contains an authoritative biography of Captain Middleton’s Journal, and Observations Margil, whom Espinosa accompanied on upon his Behaviour During his Voyage and Since his expedition to Texas. his Return… The Whole Intended to show the “Although stationed at the mission- Great Probability of a North West Passage. ary college of Santa Cruz, Queretaro, he travelled to missions all over the country, First edition. Folding engraved map “A New Map of Part of North penetrating as far as Yucatan, Costa Rica, America.” to. Very good indeed in contemporary calf, gilt, neatly Nicaragua, and Guatemala… In , in rebacked with original spine laid down. Some light wear to binding, the company of Louis Juchereau de St armorial bookplate on front pastedown, contents clean. [], ii, Denis, Margil led a band of three fathers pp. London, Printed by J. Robinson,  . £ , ... and two lay brothers into Texas, and founded the mission of Nuestra Senora A handsome large paper copy of this important attack on the Hudson’s Bay de Guadelupe among the Nacogdoches, Company monopoly in the Americas, with a valuable early account of the then Dolores among the Ays, and San search for a northwest passage. Dobbs, later colonial governor of North Miguel among the Adays ( fteen miles to Carolina, was an active opponent of the monopoly of the Hudson’s Bay the west of Natchitoches). When the French destroyed these missions, Mar- Company, pointing out that if they did not alter their policies, the French gil withdrew to the Rio San Antonio, and remained near the present city of would quickly occupy the central plains to the west of their traditional areas San Antonio for more than a year” (Howgego). of in uence (as, in fact, they did). This and other works on a similar theme Basic Texas Books B; Eberstadt, Texas  : : “A scarcer book even than the earlier by Dobbs led to the investigation of the monopoly by a British Parliamentary [Mexican] edition.”; Howes E; Howgego, M; Wagner Spanish South West  a. committee in  .

MAGGS 31 

An Incredible View of Rio

[RIO DE JANEIRO] Vüe de Rio de Janeiro [Together with:] Plan de la Baye de Rio Janeiro et de ses Deffense, . Plan de la Baye de Rio Janeiro et de ses Deffense, . Manuscript plan of the bay of Rio de Janeiro in pen and ink with wash, signed “Breteuil fecit”, offered together with a pen and ink prospect of Rio de Janeiro, both dissected and mounted on canvas. Plan:  by mm ( by  inches); View:  by mm (. by  inches). [] £ , Dobbs never saw the Bay, and his information was largely based on French publications and Canadian sources, particularly that of Métis trader A detailed map of Rio de Janeiro made in  by the Comte (later Baron) Joseph La France. de Breteuil, together with a prospect of the city. According to Peter C. Newman, the account of La France’s exploits is this work’s “most valuable historical contribution” (Empire of the Sun, Louis Charles Auguste le Tonnelier, baron de Breteuil, baron de Preuilly (- [], p.). The second main thrust of ) was a French aristocrat, diplomat and statesman. He was the last Dobbs’ narrative concerns his advo- Prime Minister of France to serve under the Bourbon monarchy, appointed cacy of the necessity of searching by Louis XVI only  hours before the storming of the Bastille. for a northwest passage: he gives Breteuil was born in  at the château of Azay-le-Ferron into a an account of the early exploration well-connected aristocratic family. He was educated in Paris before joining of the area, and of the opportuni- the army, where he served under Thomas Arthur, Comte de Lally, baron ties that further exploration would de Tollendal (-) in his ill-fated command of the French forces offer. In addition, he  res the opening in India during the Seven Years’ War against England. With orders to join broadside in his attack on Christopher the French forces in India, Lally and Breteuil sailed from France on  May Middleton for his leadership of the  under the command of Vice Admiral Anne Antoine, Comte d’Aché  -  expedition in search of a (-). During the voyage, an epidemic forced the  eet to put in at northwest passage. This controversy, Rio de Janeiro for six weeks. The Portuguese, neutral in the con ict between played out in print, lasted for more France and England, initially refused access to the city. This, quite possibly, than three years. was a result of the fact that the French had sacked Rio in  under René Du Guay-Trouin, a former corsair who took the supposedly impregnable Field, ; Howes, D “b”; Lande, ; city with a force half the size of the defending garrison. It is likely that the NMM, ; Sabin, ; Streeter Sale, present plan and prospect were drawn up during this hiatus, perhaps in ; Wagner Northwest Coast, .

MAGGS 33 contemplation of emulating Du Guay-Trouin’s previous exploits. Indeed, The prospect, or view, is itself inscribed “realised for the Comte de Breteuil”, the text states that the map is based upon a plan made during the expedi- thereby reinforcing the pairing of the two images, and the text towards the tion of “Mr Duguay”, together with corrections. It also indicates that the lower right of the image remarks: “This Bay has  deep-water anchorages. plan was made in conjunction with a prospect of the city (presumably the Two link the Fort Santa Cruz to Rio de Janeiro. Our troops and our crew accompanying view offered here) and states that the plan and its companion are camped in San Domingo, which faces that city. This view is busy with view may be relied upon as accurate. our vessels. The parts that went imperfectly have been corrected while trav- elling through the Bay, placing here objects that perspective wouldn’t admit.” The plan is titled ‘Plan of the Rio de Janeiro Bay and its Defences’, and is signed in at the bottom right “Breteuil fecit”. A manuscript legend towards Inside a large text box at the lower right, the following are identi ed: the right of the plan lists the following: A. The City B. Government C. Public Fountain D. Small Vessel in Construction .The City; .The Benedictines; .Fort St Sebastien; .The Parish City; E. [Orphanage] “Mercy to the Found Children” F. Fort of Mercy G. Jesuits .The Jesuits; .The Franciscans; .The aqueduct; .Fort Mercy; .Island of H. Fort St Sebastian J. Island of the Goats K. Fort of the Conception and the goats and snakes; .Bishop’s residence; .Fort Conception; .Aque- Levesche L. Anchorage of the Portuguese Fleet M. Old Parish N. College duct; .Submerged sand bank; .Island and fort of the city of Gagnon; O. Aqueduct P. Customs Q. St Claire R. Notre Dame de Gloire S. Batterie .The harbour; .Island and Fort Delage; .Fort St Jean; .Fort St Theodore T. Battery St Jean V. Fort X. Fort Villegayen Y. Island and Fort Theodore; .Fort Santa Cruz; .Battery Delapre Vermek;  .Submerged of Laage Z. Vessel greeting the Fort n Fort Santa Cruz n The six vessels sand bank; .Chapel and Battery of Notredame of her travels; .Battery; of the French  eet. .Oil Manufacture of Baleine Pt Leroy.

MAGGS 35 

A Remarkable Record of the Life of an 18th Century Soldier

[SEVEN YEARS’ WAR] PRINGLE (Capt. Henry). Memorandum of the Several Places I have Been at from the Year  . [Seven Years’ War journal of a British of cer who fought his way through Ticonderoga, Quebec, the Siege of Ile- Aux-Nois and the capitulation of Montreal.] Holograph manuscript in ink. Oblong vo. Hinged across short edge, stiff marbled wrappers with original pink tie; alternate blue and white leaves with Dutch ‘pro patria’ watermark, probably s. pp. -. £,

Correa do Lago includes a chapter dedicated to drawings and watercolours in his catalogue of the collection of Olavo Setuval. In this he describes a An excellent digest of a soldier’s career. Pringle writes in a clear cursive hand,  prospect of the city by Blasco (‘Propescto da cidade do Rio de Janeiro probably compiling the  rst part of the journal in the s and charting the vista da parte norte da Ilha das Cobras’) as “the most detailed and complete next three decades of his life. His most detailed entries relate to his involve- panorama of the eighteenth century”. The present drawing predates Blasco’s ment in the Seven Years’ War in North America and on Cuba, and include work by some three years. The next oldest prospect in the Setuval collection  rst-hand accounts of life at Fort Edward, the battles at Quebec, the winter is dated . Furthermore, no comparable prospect can be found in the expedition at Ticonderoga, the Siege of Ile-Aux-Nois and the capitulation of Coleção Brasiliana Fundação Estudar (part of the Oscar Americano collection). General Bougainville, as well as the taking of Fort Chambly. It culminates with the invasion of Martinique and siege of Havana. Provenance: Bibliothèque des ducs de Luynes, Château de Dampierre, France. A member of the Caledon branch of the family in County Tyrone, Pringle Pedro Corrêa da Lago and Ruy Souza, Brasiliana Itau (São Paulo: Capivara, ); was appointed Lieutenant-Captain of the th regiment. He departed Cork Thomas Arthur de Lally, Memoirs of Count Lally, (London, ), . with a  eet of “ sail” on  May  and arrived at Halifax two months later. He travelled to Louisborg and Beau Sejour before being “Ordered to New York on Lord Loudon’s hearing the French attacked Fort W[illiam] Henry.” He moved from New York up the Hudson to Albany where he met routed British troops on  September, noting only “arrived at Albany & met the th Regt from Fort William Henry” before continuing to Fort Edward “where we remained and During this and the next months employed in cut- ting timber and building block Houses.” Contemporary accounts of the precariousness of life at Fort Edward (the forward outpost on the frontier between British New York and French Canada) are con rmed by Pringle’s entry for February  when “the

MAGGS 37 Indians and French kill  Men cut- ting wood - soon after a  ag of Truce by Mon.r Wolfe with Letters to Lord Loudon and Col. [William] Haviland” (a close friend of Pringle’s) also at Fort Edward. Pringle records the disastrous “Winter Expedition intended against Ticonderoga” with “above  men killed” on March  and describes entering Fort Carillon by stealth on th March “with Lt Roche after stay- ing  dayes without Provisions in the woods - a ranger with us died.” By late May Pringle was in Quebec where he heard of the disastrous British defeat in the subsequent Battle of Carillon and was appointed “Cap. by G. Abercrom- He served under William Haviland through , and describes the bie tho’ absent - room of Maj’r Gor- Siege of Ile-Aux-Nois and the capitulation of General Bougainville with don  Rgt.” Around this time, and in the rapid march, the taking of Fort Chambly and on to Montreal where he unidenti ed circumstances, Pringle was arrived on the day of the French surrender: “on the bank of the St Lawrence taken prisoner and over-wintered in Que- opposite Montreal. Halted by order from G Amherst, the Town and Country bec where the conditions in which he Capitulate.” was held markedly deteriorated follow- Pringle’s subsequent campaigning took him to Boston, “the Castle and ing the escape of Major Robert Stobo fort in the Harbour” and on to Providence and New York where he spent (provider of crucial intelligence to Gen- the winter of -, working as Judge Advocate in Albany and then on eral Wolfe): “ May [] the English to Barbados in the West Indies with an account of his involvement in the of cers put into prison on acc[oun] Invasion of Martinique followed by the successful siege of Havana culmi- t of Cap: Stobo, an Hostage, making nating on th August : “the Batteries open against the Town at day his escape down the River. -  [May] light - it capitulates at  o’clock. At noon took possession of the Punta Gate M Bougainville arrives… with an acc. with Col. Dalling.” Pringle’s success was swiftly recognised by his appoint- that Quebec was to be attacked.” Prin- ment to several lucrative positions in Havana where he remained for a year gle was once again returned to prison before returning to Portsmouth. Pringle’s luck  nally turned during the Siege ‘on Mon.r Montcalm’s coming to Que- of Minorca where he served for much of the late s and was present bec’ before the triumphant moment for during the  nal stages of the siege when on January , : “My Hat him on “ th May the Allarum given shot away with Grape shot and a contusion in the Head” followed by the of the English  eet in the Rivers - the fortress’s capitulation. He survived until  when his death is recorded in of cers enlarg’d [?]” before being evac- the diary in another hand after a handful of slightly confused  nal entries. uated up river to Trois Rivieres and Pringle’s memorandum book runs from   to his death in . The diary continuing to Montreal where he was begins with Pringle’s  rst visit from his family home at Caledon to Dublin exchanged and joined “the army under on  Jan  . Pringle took his commission as Ensign th Regiment on  G Amherst” in November. August,   before becoming a Lieutenant in the th Regiment in .

MAGGS 39 

Legitimate & Contraband Trade in the Eighteenth Century

[SPAIN & AMERICA] Formalidades que oy se practican para el despacho de los Navios que van a las Indias, etc. Eleven Manuscript Documents (in Spanish) setting forth the formalities to be observed by mercantile ships between Spain and America during the period of  – . Manuscript in ink. Together pp. Folio. Spain, circa . £,

One of the conditions of quali cation for the position of ship’s commander was “that he should have matriculated in commerce at Cadiz, and should furnish proofs that he is of this nationality, of clean blood, and that he is not one of the new converts to our Catholic Faith (or Marrano, i.e., converted Jew). No merchant shall be allowed to despatch a ship to America without licence from the Ministry of the Indies [American territory] or from their authorised agents.” The owner of the merchant vessel was free to nominate the captain but this nomination was to be made formally before the clerk employed by the President of the Board of Trade. All particulars of tonnage the crews should consist of Spaniards only, but in an emergency the num- - subject to veri cation by an Inspector - were to be given to the President ber might be increased by one-third, by the admission of foreigners, whose of the Board and after numerous other formalities, in which time and pen- religious denomination, however, was bound to be Catholic. All produce manship were freely spent, the clerk of the Board of Trade was required to was to be Spanish, the duty being  per cent of its value, except for  our, notify the owner that his ship had been “passed” and could start loading. which might go duty-free if Spanish, but if foreign a tax of  reales de vel- Another document gives a list of Spanish ports which were open for lon (about s.) per quintal, was to be paid on it. With regard to clothes and free navigation to Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Monte Cristo, Cuba, Campeche. fabrics, all Spanish goods could be exported duty-free, but foreign goods Vera Cruz, Mississippi, Louisiana, Gulf of Darien, Portobello, Carthagena, were taxed at the rate of  per cent. On arrival at the American ports, they Buenos Aires, etc. In each of these Spanish ports were of cials from the were required to declare on oath all that had happened during their voy- Ministry whose business it was to see that the many formalities were observed. age, and to produce their papers referring to the merchandise they carried. “Any subject of his Majesty is free to build ships wherever he wishes in the A table of the respective duties payable on imports from America shows Peninsula … and for this purpose shall have free access to the hills to fall the that silver, either as metal or coin, was taxed  per cent., whilst the duty on necessary timber, after arranging the question of price with the owner - the gold, either as money or bullion, was taxed only  per cent. No duty was only exception being made in the case of ships capable of carrying  guns, payable on imports of tobacco which had to be deposited in warehouses, which might be taken for service in the Royal Navy.” It was stipulated that but could be withdrawn without payment of duty, provided it did not leave

MAGGS 41 the country - this export was strictly prohibited. Comparatively high taxes were put on imports of cocoa, chocolate, vanilla, jalap, etc., the duty being  per cent on imports and the same on subsequent exports of these goods. An amusing item included in the list is “Foreigners,” whose in ux “it  is advisable to prohibit.” Two documents furnish actual  gures of fabrics shipped, including silks, linen, stockings, clothes and gold and silver lace for uniforms. These trade returns cover the period “of the war in , when An Armenian Priest’s Guide to Jerusalem commerce was interrupted.” Before that date large quantities of gold and silver had been safely shipped from New Spain, Peru, Chile, Guatemala, HOVHANNES (Hanna). Argentine, Portobello, etc. One of the documents deals with the “pernicious [Armenian] Girk’ Patmut’ean srboy habit of contraband practised along the Islands and Coasts of America,” ew meci k’alak’is Astoucoy Erusalemis, persistent smuggling being one of the “customs” which were by no means ew srboc’ tnorinakanac’ teleac’ authorized by the imposers of “duties”! Stringent measures are set forth tearn meroy Yisusi K’ristoci. for the suppression of this evil; and the assistance of the civil population in discouraging this abuse is solicited. One paragraph states that smugglers Armenian text. Title within woodcut architectural border, have repeatedly traded upon the benevolence of the priesthood, and stored woodcut illustration to p., woodcut headpiece and margin their contraband in the monasteries whilst the Religiosos have harboured decoration to p., woodcut tailpiece to last page of prelims.; the contrabandists. The King is petitioned to order the Bishops “to prohibit copiously decorated with woodcut initials and woodcut decoration these practises under rigorous penalties.” Another measure suggested is that to borders throughout. to. Contemporary black blind-stamped the miners should, at the end of each month, state on oath exactly how much goatskin, professionally repaired. Numerous ms. notations in gold or silver they had extracted from the mines, and that these quantities Armenian. pp. , [ ]. With pp. prelims. bound in at end. should be checked by means of an elaborate system of bookkeeping! Constantinople, Yovhannes Astuacaturi, -. £, Another document is devoted to the question of the quicksilver and other mines in America from which the King still drew a considerable rev- enue, particulars being given of the output, value, etc., and the conditions A pilgrim guidebook to Jerusalem, which includes a history of the Holy City of work affecting the miners. and passages on the author’s integral part in improving the fortunes of the Armenian Quarter in the early th century. Hanna Hovhannes (c.-) was born in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem, in the neighbourhood of the Cathedral of Sts. James, where he lived and worked for the duration of his life. He was ordained a priest to the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem in  . At the time of his ordination, the Patriarchate was almost entirely bankrupt due to the corrupt behaviour of representatives of the Patriarchate of Istanbul (known as ‘nazrs’), who had been trusted with administering matters in the Holy Land. To remedy the onrushing ruin, a new patriarch, Hovhannes Kolot of Bitlis, and his suc- cessor Grigor of Shirvan, set about the task of raising funds to pay off the debt and subsequently began to rejuvenate the Armenian Quarter. Their most trusted collaborator in such efforts proved to be young Hanna, who showed immense aptitude and will: performing architectural renova- tions (to the monastery compound and to the Armenian parts of the Holy Sepulchre Church), ceaselessly fundraising and pacifying the monastery’s creditors. His importance to the recovery was such that when Patriarch

MAGGS 43 

The French and Indian War. General Parker’s Copy

MANTE (Thomas). The History of the Late War in North-America, and the Islands of the West Indies, Including the Campaigns of MDCCLXIII and MDCCLXIV Against His Majesty’s Indian Enemies. First edition.  folding engraved maps, charts and battle plans. to. Contemporary tree calf, back richly gilt. [iv], viii,  , []pp. London, . £,

A  ne copy with the rare errata slip. This is the most comprehensive and best illustrated contemporary account of the French and Indian War, and perhaps also the rarest. Its relative scarcity is all the more surprising given the expense involved in producing the beautiful and  nely engraved maps, many of which are extremely large. The author, Mante, was Assistant Engineer during the Siege of Havana, and a Major of Brigade in the Campaign of  . He therefore played no part in the earlier campaigns in the war. Nevertheless, as Field comments he made “good use of his opportunities Grigor was sequestered in Istanbul on a fundraising campaign he issued a to gain information…[and] describes with great detail the Campaigns of patriarchal edict (his  rst) naming Hanna as acting patriarch. Washington and Braddock, of Generals Abercromby and Amherst, and of Despite his many exertions, Hanna found time to compose this guide- Colonels Bradstreet and Boquet.” The introduction gives an account of book, which was popular enough to run to  ve editions between  and Washington’s escape from an attempted assassination by his Indian guide. . In addition to offering a ‘ rst-hand view of the pilgrimage experience… Sabin notes, “Copies with all the maps are scarce. It is probable that but [and] valuable details concerning the holy sites’ he wrote about the work he few were printed, though the large and beautiful plans and military maps was engaged in for the good of the Patriarchate. Therefore, there is much (which gave it so great a value), must have made its production a work of useful  rst-hand information on the history outlined above. much expense.” The maps are as follows: All editions are rare, with COPAC and Worldcat locating only one holding .“Fort Beau Sejour, & the adjacent Country Taken Possession of by Colonel of this, the -, at the London Library. While the  and  Monckton” .“Lake Ontario to the Mouth of the River St. Lawrence” .[Map editions have both appeared at auction in the past  ve years, there appear of Lake George and its environs] .“A Plan of Fort Edward & Its Environs on to be very few institutional holdings (with Worldcat listing one copy of the Hudsons River” .“Communication Between Albany & Oswego” .“Attack , at the University of Michigan). The British Library holds multiple on Louisbourg” [by Amherst & Boscawen] .“The Attack of Ticonderoga” copies (some catalogued as the ‘Revised edition’) of the  edition and [by Major General Abercromby] .“Plan of Fort Pitt or Pittsbourg” .“Gua- one of the  edition. daloupe” .“Attack on Quebec” [by Wolfe & Saunders] .“A Sketch of

MAGGS 45 (Oxford), Parker joined the First Foot Guards as a Lieutenant in  . It’s uncertain whether he served in the Seven Years War, yet he emerged from it with the rank of captain and became colonel of the th Foot in . In  -, Parker was considered too senior (he was ) to accompany his regi- ment to America, and “remained at home helping the government prepare for an ever larger war. He was one of a few general of cers who regularly inspected infantry regiments, and in  he proved an innovative commander of the forces assembled for training at Warley” (Gruber). He also served as the MP for Tregony. As is clear from the number of books in the Maccles eld library bearing his bookplate, Parker was a noted bibliophile. He is further known to have been active in the sale of a General Of cers library in June , where he purchased eight books: “Parker bought only books on war, books of the kind needed only by a discriminating of cer who was  uent in French and who was rounding out his library” (Gruber). Sabin, ; Field, ; Church,  ; Howes, M  (c); Streeter, ; Gruber, I. Books and the British Army in the Age of the American Revolution (Washington, ), pp -.

the Cherokee Country” .“The River Saint Lawrence from Lake Ontario to the Island of Montreal” .“A Plan of the Attack upon Fort Levi” .“River St. Lawrence from Montreal to the Island of St. Barnaby & the Islands of Jer- emy” .“A View of the Coast of Martinico Taken by Desire of Rear Adml Rodney” .“Part, of the West Coast, of the Island of Saint Lucia” .“Plan of the Retaking Newfoundland” [by Colville & Amherst] .“Attack of the Havanna” [by Albemarle & Pococke]. This copy was owned by Hon. Lt-General George Lane Parker who was the son of the Second Earl of Maccles eld. Having attended Herford College

MAGGS 47 could not be directly challenged. This view has now been largely discredited, and the pamphlet clearly shows that Hawkesworth  was the intended subject of Dalrymple’s complaints. Dalrymple had expected to  nd himself favourably referenced in Hawkes- A Great Rarity Regarding Cook’s First Voyage worth’s text and credited for the usefulness of his research but found such attributions [DALRYMPLE (Alexander).] lacking: “… I  nd myself attacked by impli- A Letter from Mr. Dalrymple to cation, (Vol. . pp -) as having misrep- Dr. Hawkesworth, occasioned by Some resented the Spanish and Dutch Voyages to support my own ill-grounded conjectures; groundless and illiberal Imputations in his you have indeed passed over in silence what- Account of the late Voyages to the South. ever you thought could do me any credit” First edition, nd issue with folding chart. to. Modern red (page []). He gives numerous examples of morocco, gilt titling to spine. [], []-, []blank (missing the this ‘passing over in silence’, such as when half-title and  nal blank leaf)pp. London: J. Nourse, T. Payne, Hawkesworth failed to include Cook’s use Brotherton and Sewell, B. White, J. Robson, P. Elmsly, T. Davies of the Torres Strait on his route home, a and S. Leacroft, . £, passage that Dalrymple had unearthed from Spanish documents captured in the Philippines in . Alongside the settling of personal scores, Dalrymple’s pamphlet details When the of cial account of Cook’s  rst voyage was published in , its numerous instances in which Hawkeworth’s narrative contradicted the editor, John Hawkesworth, was subject to a wave of public criticism. Alexander charts. The seriousness and credibility of such objections led to the neces- Dalrymple was “the most uncompromising” (ODNB) of those critics and sity of a rebuttal from Hawkesworth, published as the preface to the second this very rare pamphlet represents his  rst attack on Hawkesworth’s efforts. edition of his book. In it, he made no attempt to placate his accuser, and While other readers had been offended by Hawkeworth’s descriptions in reply to Dalrymple’s calls of wilful suppression, he simply said that such of South Sea Islander sexual mores and confused by his decision to adopt a thing was impossible, “as I never read his book” (page [] of preface). A one narrative voice (melding that of the Captains with his own), Dalrymple signi cantly less robust piece of writing than Dalrymple’s, it perhaps speaks was eager to contest the accuracy and validity of Hawkesworth’s record of of Hawkesworth’s exhaustion at the dismantling of his reputation. It was the voyage. still enough to further enrage Dalrymple, who set about writing a second Dalrymple, arguably more than any other man, was in a position to attack. This, however, would not reach its target as Hawkesworth died in make such criticisms. On the publication of his An Account of the Discoveries November  (just three and a half months after writing his preface to Made in the South Paci ck Ocean Previous to  () he had become the nd edition), supposedly of the stress caused by the aforementioned the acknowledged authority on South Sea exploration. Indeed, he was deemed damage to his person. It eventually appeared in print sometime that year, to be so knowledgeable on the subject that “he became the Royal Society’s but it is believed that it was not intended for publication. candidate to lead the transit of Venus expedition. After a misunderstanding between the Royal Society and the Admiralty in April  over the com- ESTC lists  holdings of the pamphlet,  in the UK,  other copy in Europe, mand of the chosen ship, Dalrymple declined to take second place in the  in North America,  in Australia and  in New Zealand. OCLC shows that expedition under a sea of cer, and James Cook was subsequently appointed only  of the institutions mention the folding chart, present with this copy. The both commander and Royal Society observer” (ODNB). pamphlet rarely appears at auction, the last to do so (also a nd issue with Due to this prehistory there existed the popular opinion that Dalrym- folding chart) sold for £, at Sotheby’s ( March  , The Library ple’s pamphlet was actually a veiled assault on Cook, who, as a national hero, of Franklin Brooke-Hitching, Part I).

MAGGS 49 

A Vital Contribution to our Understanding of Patagonia

FALKNER (Thomas). A Description of Patagonia, and the Adjoining Parts of South America: Containing an Account of the Soil, Produce, Animals, Vales, Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, &c. of those Countries; the Religion, Government, Policy, Customs, Dress, Arms, and Language of the Indian Inhabitants; and some Particulars relating to the Falkland Islands. First edition. Large folding engraved map on  sheets. to. An uncut copy in calf-backed (original) boards, spine gilt, some minor of slaves, through Santa Fé, Córdoba, and Mendoza, to Santiago de Chile. foxing throughout but a very good copy. [iv], iv,  pp. Hereford, He returned to Buenos Aires, dangerously ill, and was treated by the Jesuit C. Pugh,  . £, Sebastián de San Martín with such kindness that he became a Catholic and sought entry into the Society of Jesus. He became a Jesuit novice of the Par- aguay province in May , being ordained in  and professed in  . A classic account of the region. Having published his treatise on Indian medicines for the Royal Society, he “The only account we have of was sent to Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Córdoba, and Santa Fé to fur- the Indians of the Pampas” (Sir ther his research…” (ODNB). Woodbine Parrish). His knowledge both of medicine and mechanics impressed the Indians Born in Manchester in , and in around   he was sent to Patagonia to assist Matias Strobel’s Falkner studied medicine in Lon- mission at Cabo San Antonio. Falkner suggested a colony might be estab- don under Richard Mead and lished at the mouth of the Rio Negro as a port between Rio and the Strait was taught physics and math- of Magellan, and in   travelled further south again with Jose Cardiel ematics by Isaac Newton. He where he helped found the mission of Nuestra Senora del Pilar just near practised as a surgeon for a time Mar del Plata. before taking advantage of an Falkner’s account of the expedition includes notes on the natural history, offer by the South Sea Com- climate and inhabitants of Patagonia, the Falkland Islands and Tierra del pany “which was interested in Fuego. The large folding map is one of the most important of the region to the research of Jesuit doctors in that date and the work itself is so useful that Charles Darwin kept a copy American Indian herbal med- of this work aboard the Beagle. icine. Having arrived in Bue- Howgego, F; Palau, ; Sabin, ; Streit,  nos Aires on  May , he headed for Chile with a caravan

MAGGS 51  

Secret Report on Special Paper Copy including Free Trade with Louisiana & Texas the First Published View of Sydney

[MEXICO] REVILLA GIGEDO (Conde de). HUNTER (Capt. John). Letter Signed to Don Antonio Valdes, An Historical Account of the Transactions enclosing secret Report regarding reciprocal at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, with the trade between Louisiana and Texas. Discoveries which have been made in New Manuscript in ink, secretarial hand. Together pp. Folio. Mexico, South Wales and in the Southern Ocean, since th April, . £, the Publication of Phillip’s Voyage; Including the Journals of Governors Phillip and King, and of Lieut. Ball; and the Voyages From the This is an important document  rst Sailing of the Sirius in , to the Return concerning Free Trade of that Ship’s Company to England in . between the Provinces First edition. Stipple engraved portrait frontispiece, engraved title, of Louisiana and Tex-  large folding maps,  charts &  further engraved illustrations as. Revilla Gigedo served and views. to. Contemporary red morocco. [xvi], pp. London, as Viceroy to New Spain Stockdale, . £ , from - . Considered a great reformer, he was one of the ablest men in the po- A rare copy of the special issue. The original sition and did much to raise prospectus for this work, which Ferguson the political status of Mexi- evidently saw, states “A few copies of the co amongst its contemporary above Work may be had printed on a super nations. He deals very tactful-  ne, Wove Royal, price l s. in Boards.” ly with “this delicate subject,” and the question of safeguard- An integral member of the First Fleet, Hunter ing the frontiers of “this King- was second in command on the Sirius under dom … I therefore beg your Excellency to present my two Reports to His Arthur Phillip. He served diligently in the Majesty so that I may decide upon the course of action most in conformity early days of the colony, though the Sirius with his sovereign will.” He speaks of the “great scheme to encourage com- was wrecked under his command off the merce between Texas and Louisiana, including also the territories of the Sa- coast of Norfolk Island. This necessitated vannah.” Texas was a Spanish colony from  until . It was regard- his return to England, during which time he ed as an important buffer against the French territory of Louisiana and the collaborated in the production of this jour-  rst settlement at San Antonio was established in . At the time of this nal. Having been exonerated, he returned to report, Spain actually controlled Louisiana, which was ceded to them by New South Wales and succeeded Phillip as the French in  and remained so until . Governor in  . At his behest, exploration

MAGGS 53 

The Gurkha-Qing Campaign

[TIBET] LI (Ming), JIA (Shiqiu) et al. Pingding Kuo’erka desheng tu [Victorious Battle Prints of Campaigns in Nepal].  large engraved prints, each measuring  by mm, folded in the middle, printed calligraphic inscription by the Qianlong Emperor in the upper margin. Overall in very good condition. Dated: Qianlong  to Jiaqing  [i.e. - ]. £ ,

An extremely rare complete set of eight prints describing the Gurkha-Qing of the east coast was conducted “and the early discoveries of Flinders and Campaigns in Tibet between  and . During his reign the Qianlong Bass owe much to him. His journal is a very valuable work on the early Emperor oversaw Ten Great Campaigns which considerably extended history of the English settlement in Australia” (Hill). the size of the Qing Empire. The most important of these was in Eastern The plates are of some importance, the “View of the Settlement on Sydney Turkestan where Qing troops fought the Dzungars in a series of battles Cove, Port Jackson, th August, ” is the  rst published view of Sydney that lasted over four years (-). In  Qianlong commissioned and Philip Gidley King’s plate of an Aboriginal family is engraved by the a series of sixteen drawings that were executed by four Jesuits (Castiglione, English poet and artist William Blake. Attiret, Sichelbarth and Damascène) who lived in the court at the time. The drawings were in turn sent to Paris where Charles-Nicolas Cochin of the Ferguson,  ; Wantrup, ; Hill, .

MAGGS 55 Academie Royale supervised the production of sixteen engraved plates which further seven suites of engravings commemorating military campaigns in were eventually sent back to Beijing. That series has subsequently become and beyond his empire as well as one showing European-style gardens in known as the “Victorious battle prints of the campaign in Dzungaria and the north-east corner of the Yuan-ming yuan. Chinese Turkestan” (Pingding Zhun Hui liangbu desheng tu). Qianlong was Economic and other tensions between Nepal and Tibet led to the  rst so pleased with the result that it became his ambition to develop engraving Invasion of Southern Tibet by Gurkha forces in . The Qianlong Emperor skills amongst court artists at home. During his reign, he commissioned a sent troops from Sichuan to restore order, but by the time they reached Lhasa,

MAGGS 57 

Handsome Copy of this First Fleet Book

COLLINS (David). An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales: with Remarks on the Dispositions, Customs, Manners, &c. of the Native Inhabitants of that Country. To which are added some Particulars of New Zealand; compiled by permission from the Mss. of Lieutenant-Governor King. the invaders had already left. After a period of negotiations relations broke First edition. Two volumes.  maps,  charts ( folding),  down again in  and the Gurkhas launched a second invasion. This time plates ( coloured) &  illustrations in the text ( coloured). to. Qianlong dispatched an army of , men under the command of the trusted Contemporary calf, gilt and ruled with morocco labels to spine, Manchu General Fu Kang’an (-), who had in  suppressed the the Brooke-Hitching copy. xx, xxxviii, , [], ; xvi, , pp. armed insurrection against Qing rule in Taiwan. General Hai Lancha ( - London,  & . £ , ) was his Second-in-Command. Troops entered Tibet from Qinghai in the north, thereby shortening the march but forcing them to cross high moun- tain passes during the middle of winter. They reached Central Tibet in the David Collins (b.), an of cer in the Royal summer of  and within two or three months could report that they had Marines who had seen service in the American War won a series of victories that pushed the Gurkha armies across the crest of of Independence, was appointed to the First Fleet as the Himalaya and back into the valley of Kathmandu. Fu Kang’an continued deputy Judge Advocate to the marines and the new to pursue Gurkha troops into Nepal until , and eventually forced them colony. In this post, and as secretary to Governor to sign a treaty which made Nepal a vassal state of the Qing empire. The Phillip, he was in an ideal position to observe at present set of eight prints was commissioned by the Qianlong emperor in the close hand the various conditions and transactions year of his abdication: In October  Qianlong of cially announced that of the  edgling colony and he recorded these with in the spring of the following year he would voluntarily abdicate his throne meticulous detail in his journal. Following his return and pass the crown to his son. The Gurkha wars document the Qing court’s from New South Wales in  this journal was continuing sensitivity to conditions in Tibet and they depict seven military prepared for publication but was not printed until victories as well as the ceremony concluding hostilities: ‘Capturing Camu’, some two years later, thus making it the last of the ‘Capturing Ma Gaer and Xiaer’, ‘Capturing Jilong’, ‘Capturing Resuo First Fleet journals to be published. Unlike Hunter, Bridge’, ‘Capturing Xiebulu’, ‘Capturing Dongjiao Mountain’, ‘Capturing Tench and White, Collins produced a relatively Palanggu’, and ‘The Gurkha vassals arrive in the Capital’. objective and highly detailed account, including an appendix on the aborigines and plates illustrating their manners and customs, as well as information on Norfolk Island and New Zealand provided by King. Wantrup,  & ; Ferguson,  & 

MAGGS 59 

Stunning Images of India

[COMPANY SCHOOL] An Album from Bengal, - . Approximately  watercolours measuring  by mm and smaller. Folio. Contemporary half calf over marbled boards, shelf worn, extremities rubbed, some pencil captions in French on the verso. pp. Bengal, -. £,

This album contains various sets of architectural, topographical, festival and individual studies painted by Bengal artists between -. They are painted mostly on laid English papers (the occasional part-shield or Whatman watermark is visible) and then mounted on to large sheets of laid paper and bound up in an album format. The sets are distinguished by dif- ferent sizes and frames, and by tonality. Such sets were made for European (mostly British) patrons in Bengal from about  onwards, after the collapse of indigenous patronage from the Nawab of Bengal and his court at Murshidabad. Many Murshidabad artists found work in Calcutta in the architectural and engineering establishments where they were trained as draughtsmen and in European techniques of watercolour. Many also found work with the individual patrons who commissioned sets of drawings such as these, and some also found work assisting in the studios of visiting European art- ists. The presence of European artists in the late eighteenth century served as an encouragement to these Bengali artists to expand their repertoires and to work in a medium that was more appealing to their new patrons than their traditional miniature technique. Indeed, they frequently based their work on that of artists such as A W Devis, George Farington, Francois Baltazar Solvyns and Robert Home, who all worked in Bengal at the turn of the nineteenth century. Robert Home’s album of drawings in the V & A contains many  gure studies similar to ones found here, while Devis was out in the Bengal countryside sketching traditional crafts and craftsmen for his proposed series of prints on Indian occupations. Solvyns published in Calcutta in  and  his  Etchings of the Hindoos obviously

MAGGS 61 employing Bengali artists to do the colouring. Thomas Daniell’s correspon- readily apparent. The numerous misspellings of Indian words suggest that dence similarly reveals his dependence on Bengali artists to complete his  they are translations done by a French speaker not very familiar with India. views of Calcutta of -. The loose watercolour style of these artists is conventionally called after The album’s original owner is not known, though he may be the senior Murshidabad, the place of the artists’ origin and probable initial training, British of cer portrayed enjoying a nautch on folio . We may infer from but most of these artists actually worked in Calcutta. Their style is to be the monogram on the caparisoned elephants on folio  that his name began distinguished from the true Calcutta style, which is much harder, brighter with a B. Yet this composition is known in another version, so that this one and more linear, of which there is only one example in this album (folio c). may be a copy. On the backs of some of the album leaves there are appropri- The name of only one of these Murshidabad artists is known, that of Sita ate inscriptions in French. Whether these duplicate original inscriptions on Ram, the Bengal draftsman who was employed by Lord Moira (afterwards the backs of the paintings or translate them from English into French is not Hastings), Governor-General of Bengal  -, or more likely by his

MAGGS 63 wife, to record the sights seen in their journey from Calcutta to the Punjab of drawings of the country houses occupied by some of the Company’s se- and back in  -. Sita Ram is there revealed as a masterly artist in the nior of cials in Bengal. picturesque tradition of English watercolour painting as well as a superb There are twenty-two individual drawings of studies of the more exotic architectural draftsman, but also one who is still quintessentially Indian. Indians to be seen in Bengal, including ascetics and musicians and others His artistic origin is unknown although he was obviously trained in the likely to be seen at festivals such as the carak puja (hook-swinging festival) Murshidabad style. None of his work is apparent in the Hyde Collection or the Muslim Muharram. These are individual small studies, often worked referred to below, but there are some paintings or details in this, slightly later, up versions of  gure studies by artists such as Devis and Home. The plac- present album that could be his early work. Reference is made to this below ing of single standing  gures suggests they are in uenced also by Solvyns’s where appropriate. His work is apparent through his favoured palette as Hindus. They are paralleled by many drawings in the Wellesley Album in well as in masterly little watercolour vignettes of foreshortened boats full of the British Library and like them may be dated to the period -. people. However, other similarly trained artists were also attempting work Furthermore, there are twenty-eight drawings showing Indians going of this kind, since such studies are also found in drawings very dissimilar about their occupations and their religion. Those in the lighter borders are to Sita Ram’s in colouring ( and  for example). likewise paralleled by many drawings in the Wellesley Album and like them Many of the drawings in this album are paralleled in two large col- may be dated the period -. Those in the dark borders are slightly lections in the British Library. The Wellesley Album (Add.Or.-) coarser and may be a little later, c. . consists of  drawings in various styles illustrating many of the topics We also have eighty- ve botanical drawings, some with black bor- found in this album – individual studies, festivals, topography. Its contents ders, others without. They are paralleled by similar drawings in the Hyde were collected by Marquess Wellesley when Governor-General of Bengal Collection in the British Library (NHD/ and NHD/), datable - - . The Hyde Collection consists of  drawings (Add.Or.- . The album’s collector was obviously not greatly interested in natural  ) and a collection of natural history drawings (NHD). James Chiche- history, since he seems to have acquired decorative sets from the art market ley Hyde went to India to join the Bengal Horse Artillery in  and re- mostly without inscriptions. Such drawings are derived ultimately from the tired as a Major in . He served in Delhi and Bharatpur where he also Roxburgh Icones from the East India Company’s Botanic Garden at Sibpur, collected drawings, but his Bengal collection (Add.Or.-) is what versions of which were freely circulating in Calcutta at the time. is of interest to us here. It includes drawings of scenes of religious festi- Continuing with natural history there are studies of butter ies, birds, vals as well as architectural views, and of particular relevance is a group  sh and other marine life based on the drawings of birds, mammals, etc., from the scienti c establishment at the Barrackpore menagerie set up under Lord Wellesley. There are also three large still-lifes of fruit and vegetables. The Hyde Collection contains a similar still life. These are splendid examples of these artists’ abilities to expand their horizons to encompass whatever their patrons demanded. Most impressive are the four drawings of religious festivals, two Hindu and two Muslim. Murshidabad was famous for the splendour of its cel- ebration of the festivals of both religious communities. Here the Muslim Nawab is celebrating the Hindu holi festival. All four are paralleled in the Hyde collection. The remainder of the paintings in the album consist of topographical views both of the houses of Britons around Murshidabad and of Indian monuments. Many of these drawings are paralleled in the Wellesley and Hyde collections. Murshidabad was the old centre of Mughal power in Bengal round which the East India Company also established cantonments (at Berhampore) and factories for the collection of textiles (at Cossimbazar and elsewhere). The inscriptions detailing the residents of these for the most

MAGGS 65 

The First Book on New Zealand

SAVAGE (John). part extremely grand houses date some of these drawings to slightly later than the comparable set in the Hyde Collection, i.e. to around -. The Some Account of New Zealand: Particularly idea behind their production is obviously derived from books of views of the Bay of Islands and Surrounding Country; gentlemen’s seats in Britain. The proud house owners and presumable pur- with a Description of the Religion and chasers of sets such as these would seem to have seen themselves as a local Government, Language, Arts, Manufactures, aristocracy, comparable in wealth if not in land ownership to their contem- Manners, and Customs of the Natives, &c. &c. poraries back in Britain. First edition. Frontispiece & two lithograph plates (one coloured). The drawings of Indian monuments consist of local views from the vo. A very good copy in period-style full calf, gilt, red morocco neighbourhood of Murshidabad as well as those from much further a eld label to spine. viii, pp. London, John Murray, . £, including Chunar, Jaunpur, Lucknow and Agra and Chittagong. These draw- ings of the more distant monuments are based normally on sketches done by visiting European artists and copied by their Indian assistants, which The preferred issue with the coloured thereby became disseminated among the artistic community in Bengal. tiki plate. The illustration included here Although a very small number of drawings of such views are known based are all after Savage’s own drawings. on the published aquatints of artists such as William Hodges (Select Views A surgeon by training, Savage spent in India, -), by and large these artists avoided copying direct from some time in Sydney before arriving at Hodges or from Thomas and William Daniell (Oriental Scenery, -), the North Cape New Zealand on  since clearly Indian artists preferred working with small drawings, often of September . He spent two months lesser monuments such as the Nadan Mahal in Lucknow, from which they at the Bay of Islands of which he in- could more easily make tracings or charbas. cludes a description, and sailing direc- [see outside covers for further illustration] tions, as well the town of Tippoonah. In this neat digest of his time in the An- A fuller description is available on request. tipodes, Savage provides a description ARCHER, M., Natural History Drawings in the India Of ce Library, HMSO, London, of the customs and habits of the Maori  . ARCHER, M., Company Drawings in the India Of ce Library, HMSO, London, including structure of government, jus-  . ARCHER, M., India and British Portraiture, Sotheby Parke Bernet, London, tice system, religion, and more colour- . ARCHER, M., Company Paintings: Indian Paintings of the British Period, Victoria and Albert Museum, London,  . BAUTZE, J., Indian and Western Painting: fully cannibalism and polygamy. There Interaction of Cultures - - the Ehrenfeld Collection, Art Services International, is a  ve-page Maori vocabulary, and Alexandria, Va., . LOSTY, J.P., ‘The Governor-General’s Draughtsman: Sita Ram the work concludes with an account and the Marquess of Hastings’ Albums’, Marg, v. / , , pp. -. LOSTY, J.P., of Moyhanger’s (the Maori he brought ‘Early Views of Gaur and Pandua by the Indian Artist Sita Ram’, Journal of Bengal Art, back with him) visit to London. v. , , pp. - . WELCH, S.C., Room for Wonder: Indian painting during the Bagnall, ; Hocken -. British Period, American Federation of Arts, New York, .

MAGGS 67  

An Exceptional Copy Journal of an Ill-Fated Voyage to West Africa

VALENTIA (George Annesley, Viscount). [BUTSCHER (Catharine)]. Voyages and Travels to India, Ceylon, Journal of a voyage made by members of the the Red Sea, Abyssinia, and Egypt, Church Missionary Society, to West Africa in the years  [-] . (Sierra Leone Mission), kept by the Rev. First edition.  vols.  folding engraved maps,  engraved plates, Leopold Butscher’s wife Catharine Butscher. large and thick paper copy. to. Contemporary green straight Autograph(?) manuscript, written in a highly legible hand. pp grained morocco, full gilt spines with double raised bands, covers incl. paper cover ( written pages). Dated entries from  Nov. extensively decorated in gilt and blind, silk endpapers with blind  to  Feb. . [-]. £, decorative borders, gilt and gauffered edges. London, Printed for William Miller, . £, The Church Missionary Society was founded in  and  rst entered West Africa in  . Various records show that Leopold Butscher was active as George Annesley, nd Earl Mountnorris and th Viscount Valentia, was an a missionary there from as early as , and was invited to England in aristocrat and adventurer, and member of parliament for Yarmouth between the spring of , to give a report on his work. While there he married -. In  he embarked upon a voyage to India via the Cape Col- Miss Catharine Wilson: the author of the journal in question, which records ony, in the East India Company ship Minerva (which had previously been their journey back to Africa, along with seven other members of the society. employed transporting convicts from Ireland to Australia). He took with Mrs Butscher’s journal is a remarkable  rst person account of the voy- him as his secretary and draftsman Henry Salt, age; describing the Brig. Charles’ passage from Falmouth Harbour on  who went on to become a noted December  to where it was wrecked some  miles south of the Gambia Egyptologist in his own right, mak- River on  January . ing extensive sales and donations Although the voyage began precariously, as Capt. Graham insisted that of artefacts to the British Museum. the Charles leave Falmouth in the midst of a gale, they enjoyed largely clem- The expedition took them through ent weather until an incident on the night of the th. The journal captures India, Ceylon, Abyssinia and Egypt the moment when the Charles hit a rock in full sail, with Mrs Butscher and Annesley utilised the paintings writing that the resultant noise “will never I think be forgotten by me”. She and drawings made by Salt as the ba- recorded the nervous days following the collision, detailing encounters with sis for the illustrations in this three Mandingo-speaking natives and an attempt to free the ship from the rocks. volume narrative of the expedition. With the Charles wrecked, the CMS members were taken to Goree on This copy in an exceptionally hand- a native vessel, anchoring on the th. While the women stayed ashore to some binding. recuperate, Mr Butscher, along with other members of the crew, set out on Provenance: Marquis of Bute, sale the Brig. Neptune, to reclaim cargo from the wreck. Upon his return on the Christie’s,  March , thereafter th Mrs Butscher made an eight-page transcription of her husband’s account of the journey: including vivid descriptions of Capt. Graham’s murder by Brooke-Hitching. Abbey, Travel . the natives and an unsuccessful attempt to retake the Charles.

MAGGS 69 

Oman in 1819: with a History of the Wahabi

MANSUR (Sheikh) [aka MAURIZI (Dr Vincenzo)]. History of Seyd Said, Sultan of Muscat; Together with an Account of the Countries and People on the Shores of the Persian Gulf particularly the Wahabees. First edition. Folding map. vo. Contemporary diced calf, upper joint restored. xii,  pp. London, John Booth, . £,

One of the rarest books in English on Arabia and the earliest extensive source on Oman. The author was an Italian, Vincenzo Maurizi “a native of Rome who having practised as a physician in many parts of the East, The remaining entries can be broadly separated into two types. The became a commander of the forces  rst describe life on Goree and yield insight into the native cultures of West of the Sultan of Muscat, against the Africa. In one example Mrs Butscher fails to overcome the culture shock Geovasseon and Wahabee Pirates.” aggravated by a touring dance from the mainland (Senegal), made in cel- Maurizi’s is an extraordinary ebration of killing a wolf. The second type of entry regards the Butschers’ tale, told with a brio unusual in the struggle to reclaim their possessions. Of these passages, those that tell the travel literature of the time. It is full tale of Catharine’s piano are the most interesting, as it was held by the King of incident and anecdote, intrigue of Combo, who “daily amused himself … by drawing a stick across the and opinion, and while entertain- wires”. When it was  nally returned, it was “ t for nothing but  re wood”. ing, has much interesting material The journal ends somewhat abruptly on  February , with the Butschers not found elsewhere. For instance, putting their luggage aboard a Spanish bark, headed for their original desti- his long interview with the Wahabi nation: Rio Pongo. Although they arrived there safely, the Butschers, along emissary from Saud, to whom the with  ve other members of the original missionary group, would die of fever Sultan paid tribute, gives a colourful in Sierra Leone: Catharine on  May  and Leopold on  July . account of life in Derrieh, not only a description of the country but also We cannot  nd anything to suggest that the journal was ever published. A how Maurizi, as a physician, might number of letters from Leopold Butscher (a few of which were forwarded by get employment and what he might Catherine) to various correspondents are present in the Church Missionary expect as an in del, together with a Society Archive at the University of Birmingham, UK.

MAGGS 71 

Proclamation of Mexican Independence

[ITURBIDE] [MEXICO] [Original manuscript minutes (in Spanish) regarding the proclamation of Mexican Independence under Augustin I.] Manuscript in ink. pp. Folio. Mexico, . £,

The Mexican Empire at this time extended over California. This interesting document outlines the constitution of the Empire pro- claimed by the erstwhile General of the Royal Army, Don Augustin Iturbide, who deposed the Viceroy Apodaca in , and proclaimed himself Emperor Augustin I. It is worth noting, however that the Empire only lasted a year, after which Mexico became a Federal Republic. The bitterness which the yoke of the Spanish dominion roused in the Mexicans is clearly expressed in the opening words: “The National Army, unprejudiced by the Machiavellian felony on the part of the Commanders and of cers, who signed the document of Casa Mata, undertaking to join forces under the commendable pretext of endeavouring to establish the constitu- ent Sovereign Congress, for the general good of the American nation; and having observed that so far from conforming to this plan, all the clauses of the document have been contravened by the old congress and by the chief of cers who, with much sagacity, try to subdue the free Empire of Anahuac short account of the overland journey from Katif to the Wahabi capital. The under the hard yoke of Spanish rule, scarcely before two years have elapsed hardships of this journey put Mansur off the venture and it was not un- since its separation at a cost of two hundred thousand lives - it is necessary dertaken by a westerner until Sadleir … made his Trans-Arabian crossing. (for the Empire) to claim its rights and protest against the deception which Of particular interest too, is his interview with the Nubian assassin of Seyd has been practised upon it. Said’s predecessor, whose ulcer Maurizi treated at the behest of the Sultan. “Although there are many data by which to prove the malicious astuteness Also of importance is his account of the Wahabi, (triggered, the author tells of the oppressors, they have been supplemented (by facts from which their us, by the Porte’s decision to condemn Abdallah-ibn-Saud to death) and their subtle purpose can be inferred) - for example, the multitude of Europeans activities in the Gulf and various military engagements with the Omanis. to be seen in the capital; the return of the Chiefs, of cers and soldiers of the Expeditionary Forces, many times surrendered, and the admission of these Howgego , . into the National Army; the prodigality in licencing the Army to allot its ar- mament to the Spaniards; and  nally the leisure with which these and some

MAGGS 73 Americans declared enemies of independence are station- ing themselves at various strategical points … The  Treaty of Cordora is taken as a basis, yet clauses  and  having been infringed so Presentation Copy to the Family often by the Sovereign Con- gress, after Sr. Don Augus- WEDDELL (James). tin Iturbide was proclaimed Observations on the Probability of Emperor, none can deny the Reaching the South Pole. justice of dissolving a Con- gress which had perjured First editions.  lithographed maps, vo., [iv], pp. London, and failed in the legal ex- Longman Rees et al, . [bound after] A Voyage Towards the ecution of its obligations.” South Pole […] Containing an Examination of the Antarctic The articles of the Proc- Sea.  charts ( folding),  folding diagram,  folding aquatint lamation include the fol- plates of coastal pro les and  aquatint plates, one hand coloured lowing: () “The Religion (frontispiece), contemporary calf, spines panelled with gilt tooling, to be observed in the Mex- black morocco label with gilt lettering. vo., [iv], ,  ads.pp. ican Empire is the Catho- London, Longman, Rees et al, . £, lic faith - the only true one, no other faith being toler- ated.” () “The Empire is Independent of any Power, and its government is to be organised in the manner and form which the new Congress shall determine.” () “The present Congress shall be dissolved forthwith, and, pending the assembly of the new one, a Regency shall be proclaimed composed of three individuals, possessed of the necessary mor- al and intellectual quali cations such as the Excmo. Sr. Don Manuel Belas- quez de Leon and other citizens well known to the Provincial Deputation, to whom will be left the duty of electing the Regents…” Having been sworn in, the Regents were bound “to observe Articles ,  , , ,  and  of the ‘Plan de Iguala’” [contract]. A great Antarctic rarity. Both works are inscribed, one to “James Weddell Clause  provides that there shall be no European in an of cial Mexican Esq. Sen with affectionate regards, from his cousin the Author”, the other “To post, so anxious were the New Imperialists to exclude all Spanish in uence. Mrs. J. Limmond, from her affectionate cousin, the Author.” A little armed brugandage is proposed in the ninth clause, which lays Later incorporated into the second edition of Voyage Toward the South Pole, down that “all property and estates of the Europeans who have emigrated Weddell’s Observations was a review of geographical knowledge of both the from the Empire shall be collected and the value thereof distributed pro north and south polar regions, urging for a new Antarctic expedition. In rata amongst the Chiefs, of cers and troops who might co-operate in the  James Weddell was sent by a whaling  rm in command of a two-year realization of this plan, and who shall have joined the Army within the  rst sailing expedition to the southern seas with the objective of  nding untapped eight days of this proclamation.” rookeries of fur seals. With his brig Jane and cutter Beaufoy they visited and

MAGGS 75 

Wonderful Examples of Persian Art

[IRAN] [COSTUME, Qajar School]. [Album of  watercolours of costume of peasants and merchants of Persia]. Small to ( by mm).  watercolours, each mounted on card with an ink manuscript border surround. Period dark blue morocco backed blue velvet covered boards, patterned endpapers. Housed in a dark blue morocco backed box. Unusual album of Qajar School watercolours depicting Persian merchants of various trades as well as itinerants and beggars. [Persia: circa s- s]. £,

described the Cape Verde Islands, the Southern Orkneys, South Shetlands and South Georgia. After stopping for repairs on the Falkland Islands they Among the trades depicted resumed the voyage south, and due to the exceptionally mild weather in are an egg seller, a winesell- the summer of , they were able to achieve the southernmost latitude of er, a hat maker, a bird fancier, any ship at that time of  ”’S, in waters that were later named after the a bird seller, a blind beggar, a commander. In spite of Weddell’s plea to the scienti c community for further book dealer and more. An al- expeditions to this area, it was another sixteen years before James Clark bum at the British Museum Ross set sail in command of an of cial exploring voyage to the Antarctic, (ID: , ,. through and Weddell’s record was not beaten until William Filchner in . , ,. or P&D ,.), which also Extremely scarce - one copy of the pamphlet has come up at auction in includes  watercolours, is the last  years, which made £ ,. Sotheby’s, The Library of Franklin clearly from the same source, Brooke-Hitching part ,  September . Worldcat  nds copies of the with a few similar images, and pamphlet: Cambridge, Edinburgh, Harvard & NLA. Provenance: by direct many of same faces on differ- descent through inheritance. ent trades. Rosove .A, ; Hill , not in Hill; Spence  , Spence  ; Sabin  ,  .

MAGGS 77 Charles Sturt, and Burke and Wills. Through the regular publication of its Proceedings and Journal (instead of an annual volume of Transactions), the RGS was able to communicate knowledge of these discoveries to the public  in a cheap, accessible manner. In this way reports  led by explorers were quickly disseminated, debated and publicised. These reports almost always pre-dated of cial accounts and usually marked the  rst appearance of new A History of Nineteenth Century Exploration discoveries in print. In addition, its many  nely executed engraved maps are in many cases extremely important being the earliest published cartographic [ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY]. depictions of newly discovered lands, often preceding those published by the explorer in his own work. Journal Vols. - Index [with] Proceedings vols - [with] Proceedings new series, vols. - . Numerous maps, charts and illustrations.  vols in . vo. Smart contemporary half calf, a little rubbed with red morocco labels, a few rebacked to match. London, John Murray,  - . £,

Including the rare  rst series of the Proceedings, this set provides a complete history of one of the most important periods of British exploration. Thanks to the voyages of Cook, Vancouver and Flinders and exhibits such as that of the Leverian Museum, the public interest in exploration of the New World was al- ready engaged. By , the world’s coastlines had largely been mapped and attention naturally turned to the vast unchartered interiors of the continents. In sponsoring some of the great expeditions to Africa, Australia, the Ant- arctic and Central Asia, The Royal Geographical Society became a major promoter of nineteenth century ex- ploration and symbolised the expansion of the Brit- ish Empire. Indeed, the roll call of contributors reads like a who’s who of nineteenth century explor- ation, from James Clarke Ross, to David Livingstone, Richard Burton,

MAGGS 79 

Written from the Strait Of Magellan

DUMONT D’URVILLE (Jules). ALS to journalist and politician quelques communications avec eux, avant de sortir du detroit. Si j’en juge Francois de Montrol neanmoins par les produits de leur industrie qui ont pu frapper mes yeux dans mes courses a terre, ils me paraissent peu superieurs aux miserables Manuscript in ink. Written on a bifolium. pp. with blank and habitants de l’Australie.” address panel. to. Small hole from opening not affecting text, But this stop at Port Famine was a mere stepping stone to the voy- three postal stamps. Very good indeed. On board the Astrolabe, age’s larger aims, which Dumont d’Urville describes effusively: “En outre, Port Famine [Strait of Magellan],  December, . £ , notre exploration des glaces ne souffrira en rien de cette digression … Une ardeur sans pareille anime toujours tous les membres de l’Expedition. La somme des traveux qui s’executent chaque jour est vraiment prodigieuse, A rare survival brimming with optimism and ambition. This unpublished et si la fortune veut bien nus favoriser un peu, cette nouvelle campagner de letter was written onboard the Astrolabe at Port Famine (Puerto del Hambre), l’Astrolabe ne le cedera en rien a la precedente pour la masse et l’interet des one of the southernmost settlements in Patagonia. faits et des observations recueilles. Elle pourra meme la surpasser, eu egard “Early in , Dumont d’Urville submitted a plan to the navy for another au plus grand nombre des collaborateurs.” voyage of exploration to the Paci c islands, this time approaching from His optimism was rewarded. From Port Famine, they followed a route the Strait of Magellan. However, King Louis-Philippe was more interested not dissimilar to that of Weddell, though were blocked twice by ice  elds. in expanding French presence in more southerly latitudes, and was all too They repaired to Valparaiso, then headed to Tahiti, Samoa, and Fiji. They aware of the accomplishments of James Weddell in , and America’s sailed as far north as Mindanao in the Philippines, and surveyed the north interest in Antarctica” (Howgego). coast of Borneo. The crew suffered terribly from scurvy and dysentery on They departed Toulon in September and arrived at Port Famine on the voyage, and they were forced to hospitalise many of the crew at Hobart December , making this one of the earliest notices from the voyage. Dumont in December . Having taken on twenty extra hands, they sailed south d’Urville sounds a positive note at the long overdue reappearance of French again. In January  , they discovered the islet Terre Adelaide and then ships in the Strait of Magellan: “depuis Bougainville, le fameux detroit de Cap de la Decouverte, and Dumont d’Urville became the  rst to con rm Magellan n’avait revu aucun de nos navires de guerre, et nous serons les the existence of the Antarctic continent. premiers a en rapporter en France de riches collections en tout genre.” The recipient, Francois Mongin de Montrol, was a close friend of Dumont Aware of the toll long voyages can take on the men, Dumont d’Urville d’Urville and corresponded with him throughout the voyage. He printed was keen to make the most of this stop: “Par ce moyen, j’urai tout a la frois several articles in the press defending the desirability of an Antarctic expedi- tres fructueusement employe mon tems, et epargne a nos equipage les souci tion against charges by Francois Arago. Dumont d’Urville clearly appreciated et les fatigues d’une tentative prematuree, precaution qu’un capitaine ne this, naming an island after him in the Atlantic and even asked Montrol doit jamais negliger.” They spent the next couple weeks there hunting and to take charge of his affairs should anything happen to him on the voyage. collecting natural history specimens. He adds that he hopes to meet some Letters by Dumont d’Urville are very rare on the market. Not least, one of the indigenous people and compares what he’s seen of their objects to written on the voyage with such excellent content. those by the Australian Aborigines he’d met on his previous circumnavi- gation: “Nous n’avons pas encore vu d’indigenes ici, mais j’espere avoir Army and Naval Chronicle, vol. , (Washington) , p.; Howgego II, D

MAGGS 81 

An Unpublished Account of Dumont D’urville’s Expedition

[DUMONT D’URVILLE (Jules).] SEURIN (Pierre). Manuscript account of the -  Voyage on the Astrolabe. Manuscript in ink. Small folio. Quarter sheep over marbled boards, extremities rubbed, pale dampstaining not affecting legibility, signed twice on the  rst page by Seurin’s father, Gabriel.  pp. [France, c. .] [With] [BARRE (Ft.) creator] Voyage Autour du Monde Exploration du Pole Austral. Commemorative medal from the expedition with Seurin’s name engraved, measuring  mm in diameter. [Paris], . £,

mindful of Weddell’s success (see item ), he was issued instructions to explore the Antarctic – with the ideal aim of claiming the south magnetic pole. It was a busy time in the Antarctic, with Charles Wilkes’ United States Exploring Expedition and James Clark Ross also attempting to reach the south magnetic pole. The Astrolabe and the Zelee made two attempts:  rst in , where they reached  ° South but could not break the ice pack, and then again in early   where they discovered Adelie Land. In between, Dumont d’Urville continued to explore the Paci c, visiting the Marquesas, Tahiti, Samoa, Tonga, Guam, Fiji, New Guinea, Borneo, New Zealand, Tasmania and the Northern Territory. There is a wealth of information on A hitherto unknown  rst-hand account of Dumont d’Urville’s four-year their time in Australia and the Paci c islands. (- ) expedition to the Paci c which was the  rst to con rm the Little is known of Seurin himself, though he commenced the voyage as existence of the Antarctic continent. Dumont d’Urville drew freely from a  rst-class sailor on the Astrolabe under Jacques Dumont d’Urville. (The the journals of his of cers, such as the naturalists Gaimard and Quoy, for Zelee was under the command of Jacquinot.) As the voyage progressed, he the of cial account. However, he relied less on those by ordinary sailors was promoted through the ranks - becoming quartermaster second class on and junior staff, and so here we have a substantial - entirely unpublished  January  and then quartermaster  rst class on  January  . No - account of the voyage. It is an incredible resource for further research on doubt this was due to his own competence (as the quality of this journal nineteenth century French Grand Voyages. attests), but surely hastened somewhat by the outbreaks of dysentery that Having served under Duperrey aboard the Coquille and later commanded claimed so many of the original crew. the Astrolabe on its  rst mission in the South Seas, Dumont d’Urville sub- His journal begins: “Les Corvette l’Astrolabe et la Zelee furent urmees mitted a proposal to continue exploration in the Paci c in . However, avec les plus grand soin au port du Toulon, pour entreprendre un voyage

MAGGS 83 au pole Austral et dans l’ocean. Cette mission perilleuse fut con e a mon- sieur le Cap[ita]ne de v[ass]au Dumont d’Urville…” This is typical of the discursive nature of this manuscript, and within a few pages, Seurin goes on to describe meeting ships from the Royal Navy: “le navire Anglais le royal Souverain ayant a bord des deportes a Botany-baie.” Seurin is an interested and informed observer. He frequently refers to the voyages of previous explorers as they come across relevant parts of the Paci c - Bougainville, especially La Perouse, and then naturally d’Entrecasteux. He comments on missionaries, the natives they encounter, as well as wildlife such as penguins, whales and seals. Furthermore, his journal provides much insight into life onboard. In addition to recording daily duties, he often notes the activities of hydrographer Clement Adrien Vincendon-Dumoulin, who determined the location of the south magnetic pole in  (“Et nous le parames Monsieur Dumoulin pro tu beau tems, pour faire des observation d’intensite magnetique sur un ile de glace”) and in   was the  rst to spot the Antarctic mainland from the Astrolabe’s crow’s nest. At Hobart, Seurin  rst describes the temperate climate, before discussing the English establishing a penal colony there in  , which he notes has since developed “cette même rivière une ville dont la prospective a toujours été croissante.” He says that some of the convicts were kept in chains while others are free to dress as they wish, though must report every Sunday at church for roll call. He also notes that yet another young sailor had suc- cumbed to dysentery on the Zelee. The Astrolabe left Hobart on January ,   for the Antarctic, spotting whales and albatross en route. On the th they spotted an iceberg, and as they days passed naturally saw others, one  fty feet high. On  January, he reports the  rst sighting of the Antarctic mainland: “A h / du matin le commandant crut voir la terre dans la SSO a h / on releva l‘Extremite E de la terre suppossee au Sud °E SSO, un Cap au Sud °O Un autre cap du Sud °O et l’extremite O au Sud °O. Elle etait haute et partout Couverte de Neige a travers laquelle on Ceut cependant distinguer quelques Pitons, a h on sonda et on repeut avoir fond par  brasses.” In the following days Seurin describes them charting the Antarctic coast. There are several pages devoted to this culminating in the following: “Le Commandant d’Urville donna le nom d’Adelie a cette terre en l’honneur de son espouse et celu de la decouverte au premier Cap qu’il apercut, Sitot the  nal portion of it. The journal concludes with a list of all the anchorages que les embarcation furent hissees nous Gouvernannes a l’O vers un espace made on the journey, which provides a neat summary of the voyage. With libre du Glacier.” it is Seurin’s medal from the voyage with his name engraved on the edge. Extremely rare: a complete  rst-hand account of a Grand Voyage providing Provenance: by descent through the Seurin family, from whom we purchased much insight into life on board the Astrolabe and ashore. The format sug- it. A French export licence has been obtained. gests Seurin wrote it shortly after his return in   and perhaps dictated cf. Hill, ; Howgego II, D; cf Rosove, .

MAGGS 85 

A Classic Artic Rarity

RAE (John). Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea in  and . First edition. Two large folding hand-coloured maps. vo. Original green publisher’s cloth, stamped in blind and gilt, neatly rebacked with original spine laid down. Light wear to spine ends and corners. Bookplate on front paste down, embossed stamp on title-page and corner of one map. Very good. viii,  , [], ,- ads.pp. London, . £ ,

Fresh from medical training, Rae shipped as surgeon in  on the Hud- son’s Bay Company ship Prince of Wales, sailing to Moose Factory on Hames Bay in the same year. He stayed on as post surgeon and within a few years became chief trader and then chief factor. Notwithstanding his medical and commercial pursuits, his true interest was in exploration of new territory, its wildlife, and native people. During the  s and ’s he undertook four expeditions, charting a remarkable two thousand miles of northern coast- line. In  he visited Eskimos at Repulse Bay who supplied valuable information and sold him articles which provided the  rst clues to the fate of Franklin and his men. His account is interspersed with valuable descrip- tions of Eskimo life, and the struggles and triumphs of living in the Arctic, including the hunting tactics used by the Arctic natives. Rae’s report cre- ated a sensation, and he was the recipient of the £, reward for dis- covering Franklin’s fate. The impressive large folding map of the Arctic regions is titled “Discoveries of the Honble. Hudson’s Bay Cos. Arctic Expedition to the North of Repulse Bay….” Another folding map, with new coastline discoveries marked in red, shows the Arctic west from Hudson Bay to Sitka in the Paci c, and north to the edge of the Polar Sea. The appendix includes information on the  ora and fauna observed, as well as magnetic observations and other meteoro- logical data. Field,  ; Graff, ; Lande, ; Ricks, p.; Sabin,  ; Wagner-Camp, .

MAGGS 87  

A Beautiful Copy First News of the Source of the Nile

BELLOT (Joseph Rene). SPEKE (John Hanning) & GRANT (James). Memoirs of Lieutenant Joseph Rene Bellot A collection of material relating to the … With his Journal of a Voyage in the Polar search for the source of the Nile. Seas, in search of Sir John Franklin. [Various places, -.] £, First English edition. Two volumes. Frontispiece portrait. Original brown publisher’s cloth, stamped in blind and gilt. Light shelf wear. Book society label on rear pastedown of  rst volume. Light An important archive that sheds new light on John Hanning Speke’s journeys toning and soiling in text. Very good. vii, , []; [], , [ ]pp. to locate and con rm the source of the Nile at Lake Victoria – the major London, . £ geographic quest of East African exploration in the mid-nineteenth century. His  rst expedition (-) was made under the leadership of Sir Richard Burton, during which he  rst laid eyes on Lake Victoria. Local Translated from the French edition of the previous year (both published post- unrest prevented him from making de nitive conclusions and, assisted by humously). The journal of Joseph Bellot (-), detailing his time with James Grant, he returned the following year in an attempt to  nalise his an expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, serving as second in command discovery of the source of the Nile. under Capt. William Kennedy on the Prince Albert. The expedition, which The eleven pieces here divide roughly into three groups. The  rst being extended through  and , in- the two letters from Speke to the British Consul at Zanzibar, the second is a cluded a substantial overland sledg- collection of letters, watercolours and other material relating to the botani- ing journey. Though they failed to cal collections made while on the expedition, and the last is comprised of  nd Franklin’s lost ships, they did Grant’s two testimonies to his expedition leader. make signi cant discoveries in the The earliest pieces date to just after Speke’s discovery of Lake Victoria. Canadian Arctic, returning to Eng- These are two previously unpublished letters from him to Captain Rigby, land with the entirety of the crew the British consul at Zanzibar. safely intact. Bellot was not as lucky Both letters were written in April  en route back to England and on the next expedition he served on express concern at the treatment of their porters, speci cally that they in search of Franklin the following were insuf ciently remunerated. Speke clearly indicts Burton in the matter. year: he fell through the ice while Furthermore, these long letters shed much light on the organisation and crossing Wellington Channel and conduct on such expeditions and underscore the tensions between Speke disappeared from sight. His crew and Burton. They also contribute much to the debate on the character of mates erected a memorial grave on Speke, who is determined to press the case of the porters and states that Beechey Island, next to three graves he’s prepared to pay his share of their expenses out of his own pocket. from the lost Franklin Expedition. Speke emerges in a mixed light, his concern for the porters tempered by his eagerness to complicate Burton’s position. This incident has already been Arctic Bibliography, ; Sabin, . documented to a certain extent in that Rigby took up the case and accused

MAGGS 89 Burton of negligence in the matter. However, Speke’s involvement in the Alan Moorehead, with perhaps faint praise, con rms Grant’s interest and cause was little understood until now. Full transcriptions of the letters can talent in the  eld: “He was a cool and very steady man, a soldier and sports- be provided to any interested persons. man well out of the ordinary, and in his own private and modest way he was The group of material relating to the botanical collections made by a competent artist and genuine amateur of botany” (The White Nile, Lon- Grant on the expedition includes some extremely rare material. The three don, , p). watercolours made on the expedition are possibly the last remaining on the Despite all the hardship on the expedition, Grant persisted in amassing a private market and Grant’s own copy of The Botany on the Speke and Grant substantial botanical collection and compiled a visual record of the journey. Expedition is one of the few copies printed on special paper, it also bears his Although he brought a camera along, he found the equipment cumbersome inscription. Grant’s interest in botany began at an early age. The ODNB elabo- and only  photographs were taken at Zanzibar. He much preferred to use rates: “For two years he attended lectures in natural philosophy, chemistry, a pencil and paint brush and the images now reside at the Royal Botanical and mathematics, as well as classes that were to have considerable importance Gardens at Kew. for him later on—those with Professor MacGillivray on natural history and The remaining letters in the group testify to Grant’s ongoing interest in with Dr Mathews Duncan on botany. During the two summers of his time botany and exploration. He returned to active service in the Indian army and at the college, he took further semi-of cial classes which were also to prove advised Napier in the  Abyssinian Expedition. Moreover, he remained a signi cant in uence upon him: these were in drawing and perspective with an active member of the Royal Geographical Society and, as these letters Patrick Auld, a Scottish artist of some note.” show, he was in ongoing correspondence with important  gures such as Henry Stanley and Joseph Hooker.

MAGGS 91 Much has been written about Speke’s character in the wake of his dis- by W.H. Fitch, printed by his nephew J.N. Fitch, one of the special copies covery and the subsequent controversy surrounding it. Burton wasted no with the plates partially hand coloured. to. Contemporary full morocco, time in maligning him and his reputation suffered greatly. The strange and a.e.g. London, [-]. untimely manner of his death did not help to correct this and it’s only very Grant’s copy, signed on a tinted sheet, (probably the plain upper wrapper of recently that the rehabilitation of his character has begun – see, for example, the  rst part) “James Augustus Grant st May   Park Square West.” & Tim Jeal’s Explorers of the Nile (London, ). in another hand “Parts II and III will be forwarded when published”. This is Fittingly, the  nal two pieces of this collection are Grant’s testimonials similar to the de Belde copy also belonging to Grant with a list of recipients to his long-time friend, Speke. From shooting excursions in India to the of the uncoloured version. Sta eu . Nissen BBI, . long walk across Africa, Grant possibly knew him better than anyone. The annotated proof pages from his account of the expedition and, indeed, the . GRANT (James). manuscript note are as indicative of Grant’s character as they are of Speke’s. Three watercolours by Grant made during the expedition. Selected Items from the Archive: a. “Wild date of Karagwé [Karague] & Uganda” on a blue sheet measuring approximately  by mm. . SPEKE (John Hanning.) b. “Hyphaene thebiaca or female “Doom” [tree] Nile Bank th April .” on a blue sheet measuring approximately  by mm. vide p.  Two ALS both addressed to Rigby the British consul at Zanzibar relating A Walk Across Africa: “We rested under some palm trees in rich foliage beside to the aftermath of the Burton / Speke expedition. pp including docketed the Nile….” blank. Folio on blue paper, postmarked Aden, some old folds. At sea “On Ship Dragoon in the monsoon, just in sight of the Polar Star off  miles c. “Hyphaene sp: by the streambed “Wadi Soofur” th May .” on a from Eastern Shore”, th April, . pp including docketed blank, poorly blue sheet measuring approximately  by mm. vide pp. -  A Walk opened with loss not affecting text. Folio. Aden, th April, . Across Africa: “One of the ridges which crossed our road at Wadi Soofoor was four hundred yards long, and so remarkable that it looked as if a waiving Written on the return journey home, these two letters are primarily con- wall had been built there as a boundary between two properties, standing up cerned with the payment of Ramji and his men. “I have constant visions of his in the sky-line like chevaux-de-frise. The colours of the accumulated debris deploring desponding face when I asked him if he considered he had received and sand was  esh coloured and  ery…” his proper dues in relation to those men – slaves of certain Diwans – who adopting his names were sent as an escort to us whilst in inner Africa. And the almost desponding anguishing reply ‘no, but it is no matter the English Govt is our own Ma Bapt whatever they deem proper must be so’. What is positively due to Ramji by promise of engagement without any conditions whatever is  ½ dollars per mensis per man for the time those slaves were actually engaged with us and is by that promise now virtually entitled to pay at that rate for four months, dating from the end of September  to the beginning of February , for during that time those men were pos- itively engaged in doing our work.”

. GRANT (James). The Botany of the Speke and Grant Expedition an enumeration of the plants collected during the journey of the late Captain J.H. Speke and Captain (now Lieut.-Col.) J.A. Grant from Zanzibar to Egypt.  pt. in one vol., extracts, drophead titles, coloured map,  plates, drawn & lithographed

MAGGS 93 

The Major Source for Tennent’s In uential Work on Ceylon

TENNENT (James Emerson), NICHOLL (Andrew) & FIEBIG (Frederick) et al. [Archive of manuscripts, letters, printed materials, drawings, watercolours and photographs, collected by Tennent, being the original source material for his History of Ceylon].  volumes, small folio ( by mm). Containing over  items, including  drawings (including many which were used as illustrations in his book, and including  by Andrew Nicholl),  manuscripts,  salt paper print photographs (including two hand coloured), and other ephemera. Manuscript list of contents by Tennent bound at front of each volume. Mounted on stub guards throughout. Nineteenth century half vellum over green papered boards, bound by Marcus Ward & Co. of Belfast and Dublin,  at spines gilt with black morocco labels. Ceylon, [generally -]. £,

An extraordinary collection of manuscript notes, correspondence, waterco- lours, drawings and photographs on Ceylon: the major source for Tennent’s in uential work on the region. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin, Tennent’s political career began in  when he was elected a Member of Parliament from Belfast. A supporter of Sir Robert Peel, he served as Secretary of the India Board before being knighted in  . From August   to December  , Tennent served as the civil secretary to the colonial government in Ceylon, returning to Great Britain in . A life-long interest in literature and history led to the publication of his experiences in Ceylon. When published in , Tennent’s Ceylon: An Account of the Island, Physical, Historical and Topographical instantly became the best account of the region in the th century and the standard work on the subject into the th century. In the Introduction to his work, Tennent begins by praising the

MAGGS 95 early works on Ceylon by the mediaeval voyagers and merchant adventurers: “But amidst this wealth of materials as to the island and its vicissitudes in early times, there is an absolute dearth of information regarding its present state and progress during more recent periods, and is actual condition at the present day … Thus for almost every particular and fact, whether physical or historical, I have been to great extend thrown on my own researches…” The present albums, as- sembled by Tennent, consti- tute a tremendous amount of that original research, in both words and pictures. Among the subjects covered by the nu- merous manuscripts and let- ters are information on Cey- lon’s language, architecture, ethnography, natural history, economy, religion, supersti- tions, the Matale rebellion, Ten- nent’s dispute with Wodehouse and more. Some of the manu- scripts are quoted within Ten- nent’s work, while others have remained unpublished. The man- uscripts include both retained copies of letters by Tennent, as well as correspondence to him. The over  drawings and watercolours within the albums include  by the noted North- ern Irish artist Andrew Nicholl, R.H.A. Nicholl  rst came to the attention of Tennent in the early s. After his appointment to Ceylon, Tennent secured for him an appointment as teacher of landscape drawing, painting and design at the Colombo Academy. Of the  illustrations within Ten- nent’s Ceylon, nearly a third are after Nicholl, including many of the pres- ent drawings. Of particular interest are two designs by Nicholl in the sec- ond album, which Tennent has identi ed for use as possible title pages. Other artists include W. Fairholme, W. Ferguson, Miss Brunker, John Basley, H. de Sylva, A. Worms, W. Mercer, as well as native artists. As much of the interior of Ceylon was closed to foreigners until the th century, many of the temples and religious sites depicted in these drawings were among the earliest western depictions; and considering the looting and destruction of architectural sites over the last century, the images within the album include depictions of sites and objects no longer extant.

MAGGS 97 The nearly  fty salt paper print photographs in these volumes are highly signi cant, being among the earliest photographs taken in Ceylon. Depict- ing topographical views, tribal objects, and portraits of native peoples, the photographer of many of the images has been attributed to Frederick Fiebig. “Fiebig, of German origins, was active in Calcutta as an artist and lithogra- pher in the  s. Little is known about his life, but turning to photogra- phy in the late  s he produced hundreds of photographs [in Calcutta] by the calotype process, frequently handcolouring them. His photographs of

MAGGS 99 

Chinese Export Watercolours of Superior Quality

[TINGQUA] GUAN (Lianchang). Album showing Treaty Ports, Costumes, Ceremonies, Genre-Paintings, as well as Scenes in and around Canton. A group of   ne gouache paintings, each measuring ca.  by mm, captioned in pencil in the margin. Small folio. Bound in the early th century full red morocco. Occasional light  nger- staining and very minor foxing, but overall in very good condition, interleaved, all edges gilt. Canton, n.d. [but ca. ]. £ ,

Guan Lianchang (circa -) was one of the foremost watercolour- Ceylon, probably taken in , are considered the earliest surviving photo- ists working in Canton where he specialised in gouache-paintings catering graphic record of the island” (British Library, online gallery). Fiebig travelled largely to merchants from Europe and America who regularly visited Canton. to Ceylon in  en route back to London from Calcutta. In  he sold To them he was known as ‘Tingqua’, a name which would have been used an album of seventy hand coloured salt prints of Ceylon to the East India exclusively when dealing with foreigners. His shop in Canton is known to Company library, which constitutes the principal holding of his Ceylon images. have been located on No.  Tongwen-jie where he employed between  The present albums were sold by Bonham’s on behalf of Tennent descendants and  assistants. It seems that he took over the shop from his elder brother on  June  for £, pounds. It is extraordinarily rare to  nd such a ‘Lamqua’, but otherwise very little is known about the circumstances of artist. wealth of original source material used as the basis for a th century work His work can be divided into two categories, namely black line draw- of travel literature, let alone one of such importance and acclaim. ings as well as gouache paintings. Only the highest quality of albums such as the present one was executed in the minutest detail by Tingqua himself. Provenance: Sir James Emerson Tennent; sold by his descendants, Bonham’s The paintings cover a wide variety of views and subjects: the  rst two London,  June . A complete inventory of the contents of the albums images show portraits of the Chinese Emperor and Empress. Outstanding is available upon request. are the full-page views of Canton and the Whampoa anchorage, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Macao, Amoy, as well as some spectacular views of noted Chinese gardens in Canton. Particularly remarkable are two views relating to the Second Opium War. Tingqua could not have had  rst-hand experience of this affair and would have relied on foreign records or possibly photographs for his renditions. Furthermore, there are images of Chinese junks, several of  owers, fruits and insects, genre-scenes (occupations & costumes), as well as an opium-smoking scene. All the paintings are meticulously executed in gouache on strong Western paper. The album ranks amongst the best

MAGGS 101 MAGGS 103 

Early Photographs of Sydney

PICKERING (Charles Percy). Photographs of Public and other Buildings &c., taken by authority of the Government of New South Wales. Frontispiece sepia photograph &  albumen photographs. Oblong folio album measuring  by mm. vi,  leaves. New South Wales, Thomas Richards, Government Printer, . £,

Exceedingly rare. OCLC and Trove locate just a single copy at the State works by this artist, it paints a vibrant colourful, and comprehensive view Library of New South Wales. of everything that a Western trader would have encountered and cherished Opening with an image of Sydney in  drawn by Charles Lesueur, during his time in Canton. artist on the Baudin expedition, the  large format photographs show The present album was purchased in Canton by Mr. Alfred Fincham (- the remarkable development of Sydney in little over  years. “Under the ) and presented to his Wife Ane Maria in . Fincham lived in China for  years and died in Hong Kong. According to a note on the front end- paper “this book was re-bound in England by James Burn - binder to Queen Victoria and cousin to Mrs. E. W. Adams (a relation). Joyce Turner inher- ited the book from her parents and in turn the book was inherited by Gary Fincham Turner (nephew to Joyce) in .” A. Fincham was a merchant working for Reiss & Co., a Manchester based company in China. In  he was the company’s deputy of their Shanghai of ce. In  he moved to the Hong Kong of ce and subsequently became the person in charge of operations in Canton in . Reiss & Co was mainly involved in the tea trade. Fincham died around  as he is no longer listed in the company’s member list. The Hong Kong of ce closed down while the size of the Can- ton and Shanghai of ces was reduced. C.f. Clunas: Chinese Export Watercolours, . pp. - and Crossman: The China Trade,  . pp.-.

MAGGS 105 

Spanish Wars in The Philippines: an Extra-Illustrated Copy

PERINAT Y LASSO DE LA VEGA (Alfonso). Operaciones Militares en el Rio Grande de Mindanao. Resena Historica del Rio Grande Mindanao y Fragmentos de un Diario de la Ultima Expedicion, Ilustrado con Dibujos y Fotogra as. First edition.  original photographs (measuring  by mm or  by mm) laid down with typed captions, illustrations to text, plus a folding coloured lithographed map. to. Modern red calf, spine gilt with raised bands. Some foxing on the mounts, photos a little faded, but very good. , iii, [i],  pp. Manila, . £ , direction of Colonial Architect James Barnet, Pickering was commissioned by the New South Wales government in January  to prepare a num- With just three other known copies (BNE, Cornell, Newberry), this work is ber of photographic views of Sydney and its suburbs for the forthcoming formidably rare. Our example is further distinguished by the inclusion of London International Exhibition. The government printer published  an extra  original photographs (all with printed captions). Palau calls for of the resulting photographs in a large folio volume, Photographs of Public only twenty photographs, less than a third of the number contained here. and Other Buildings, &c. … (Sydney ). It was shown at the exhibition A second edition was published in Madrid in  which only includes  and copies were presented to distinguished visitors as proof that Sydney’s photographs. The BL copy of the second edition is also augmented with architectural splendours were no whit inferior to those increasingly  lling extra photographs. It’s possible that special copies were made up for dis- the skyline of ‘Marvellous Melbourne’.” Design & Art Australia Online, tribution to dignitaries. Charles Pickering Biography page, viewed January , . Pickering was born in London in about  and trained as a wood- Con ict between the Muslim Moro population and foreign rule has been carver as well as photographer. He came to Sydney in  where his stock ongoing for over  years and waged against Filipino, Spanish, Japanese and in trade was portrait photography, and his clientele drew from the middle American armies. Most of it has taken place on Mindanao, the second largest classes as well as notorious bushrangers such as Frank Gardiner and John island of the Philippines. This work - virtually unknown - is the  rst photo- Gilbert. His twenty-year career included grand commissions such as this graphic record of the con ict and tells us much of Spanish military operations. and at least three bankruptcies. Furthermore, it is an important contribution to early Filipino photography, providing a valuable record of nineteenth century Mindanao. Perinat y Lasso de la Vega was an of cial on the staff of the Spanish Governor General of the Philippines, Don Emilio Terrero. He, and journalists from Diario de Manila, accompanied the expeditionary force to Mindanao. The text is his  rst-hand account, comprised of daily entries from mid-January to late March, .

MAGGS 107 stretchers through the jungle. Another shows the “Necropolis de los Sultanes de Buhayan” and another is of the Christian church at Tamontaca. All of the  ghting occurs in what is known as the “Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao”, which includes the provinces of Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. Several cities are depicted, including Cottabatto, Damabalas, Lintukan, Pagalungan, Kudaranga, and Bacat. Many of the photographs, beyond the  rst twenty called for by Palau, show scenes of regular life in the towns of Mindanao, though there is often a military presence depicted as well. This is an early glimpse into what American armies faced in both the Spanish-American war of  as well as the Philippine-American war (-). The folding map, also printed in Manila, is titled: “CROQUIS del teatro de las operaciones en el rio Grande de Mindanao en el ano de .” It has an inset map, “Curso del rio Grande.” The illustrations to the text all re ect the action described and con rm the work as a remarkable example of co- lonial printing. Palau,  & cf. ; Angeles, F. Delor. “NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS FROM THE “OPERACIONES MILITARES EN RIO GRANDE DE MINDANAO (PERINAT)”. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society . (): pp – .

In addition to the events of battle, he describes uniforms of the Moro, weapons and tactics, and remarks on the population mix, ceremonies, geog- raphy and local customs. There is also a historical overview. In Angeles’ abridged translation we read the following: “We found ourselves a handful of men thousands of miles from our beloved Spain, in a country unknown, graceless, and savage, without refuge,  ghting in the rigors of a climate dif- ferent from ours. Amid constant humidity, breathing and wading in stagnant water … experiencing fatigue, hunger and burning thirst, we waited under the worst circumstances for the ambushes of a treacherous, ingenious and bold enemy.” The photographs show Spanish-led troops of native Filipinos engaged in military activities against the local Muslims. The Filipino soldiers appear dressed in their distinctive uniforms, carrying ri es, and wearing helmets that look like inverted bowls. Many of the photos depict military operations, soldiers marching, tents, huts, and buildings, and gun boats on the Rio Grande de Mindanao. One photograph shows soldiers carrying their wounded on

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With Beautiful Photographs of Mecca

SNOUCK HURGRONJE (C.). Mekka. First edition.  vols. text in German with  folding maps accompanied by an atlas volume with loosely inserted  plates (being  original photographs mounted on  leaves, and  other illustrations including views and coloured plates of artefacts). vo. Text in original half calf, small folio atlas loose in clam-shell box. xxiii, ; xviii, pp. The Hague, -. £,

Thirty years after Burton the Dutch orientalist Dr. Christian Snouck Hurgronje landed at Jedda in the autumn of . Before making his way to Mecca he spent  ve months on the coast. In the hospitality and humanity. Hurgronje’s is as minute a study of Arab urban Holy City, where he stayed for life as could be made from the purely European point of view”. (Hogarth) about six months, he converted The sepia portrait photographs show local dignitaries and an interna- to Islam and married a Javan tional array of pilgrims to Mecca from neighbouring Arab states as well girl. He adopted the name Abdul as Indonesia, Borneo and the Moluccas. They are of a remarkable quality. Ghaffar, the name of his doctor. The other illustrations depict buildings and items of Arab dress. Hurgronje While in residence he made a thor- attributes two of his images to the Egyptian Muhammad Sakek the  rst ough study of the pilgrim cara- photographer to have worked in Mecca. vans. Hurgronje “is the only Euro- pean, except perhaps Burckhardt, Macro,  ; Badr El-Hage, pp.  -, Hamilton,  . who has seen the life of the old- est city in Arabia under normal conditions … his book is of spe- cial interest [but] by far the most valuable part is that devoted to Meccan society, - its street-mar- kets for slaves; its holy places and their guardians … its houses, festivals and guilds; its vices of turbulence, bigotry and lust; and its virtues of easy

MAGGS 111 

Extra-Illustrated with over 470 Watercolours

OATES (Eugene), BLANDFORD (W.T.) & INGLIS (Charles McFarlane). The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma … Birds … First edition. vols. Extra-illustrated with over  watercolours by Inglis,  feather samples and plenty of manuscript annotations. vo. Contemporary half calf & cloth boards, spines with raised bands, gilt, patterned endpapers, bound by S. Rahman & Co. of Tezpur, Assam. London, Calcutta, Bombay & Berlin, Taylor & Francis,  - . £,

built up a large collection of avery birds” (Jackson). His interest in ornithol- ogy evolved into a career as curator of the Darjeeling Museum from - . He also founded the journal of the Bengal Natural History Society and illustrated a series on Indian birds that appeared in the Agricultural Journal of India. It was published separately in  as Birds of an Indian Garden. This set is a wonderful example of an ornithologist at work. The  watercolours are painted with an expert hand, the additional notes contain information on at least  specimens and, of great interest, the notes on bird calls, which he transcribed in musical notation on staves. Furthermore, Inglis has included feather samples of  fteen different varieties. Oates and Blandford’s work is part of an eight-volume series on Indian natural history. “The  rst two volumes on birds were written by Oates; the last two by Blandford who was also the author of the volume on mammals and the editor of the entire series. The present volumes contain a thorough monograph of the birds of India, Ceylon and Burma, with descriptions of the various plumages, measurements, notes on distribution and habits, and detailed synonymies” (Zimmer). The Scottish ornithologist Charles M. Inglis, arrived in India at eighteen and Wood, p.; Zimmer, pp- . travelled to “Assam to a tea plantation and was befriended there by the nat- uralist E.C. Stuart Baker. He moved to Bihar to grow indigo and while there

MAGGS 113 

A Key Work on the Mayans

MAUDSLAY (Alfred P.) Biologia Centrali-Americani… Archaeology… Plates… [With] MAUDSLAY (Alfred P.) A Note on the Position and Extent of the great temple Enclosure of Tenochititlan and the position, structure and orientation of teocalli of Huitzilopochtli. First edition.  vols. ( text,  atlas).  plates, mostly autotypes, some tinted & some coloured lithographs. Large oblong folio. lightly rubbed. Text in modern cloth, atlases in original printed boards, rebacked, some marginal annotations in red pencil, most folding plates repaired at fold, some small marginal tear no affecting images. London,  – . £,

One of the great monuments in the history of Mayan studies: Alfred Maudslay’s photographs and drawings of a number of the major Mayan sites such as Quirigua, Copan, Chjichen Itza, Palenque and Yaxchiland, executed during his explorations in Central America between  and . Maudslay’s work was published as part of the Biologia Centrali- Americana edited by Frederick DuCane Goldman and Osbert Salvin. Most of that massive set is devoted to natural history, and Maudslay’s work was added almost as an afterthought. An archaeologist, Maudslay was fascinated by the Mayan ruins and set himself the task of recording the architecture and monuments. He worked with a large wet-plate camera, developing his photographs on the spot. He also made extensive casts. In London, he hired an artist, Miss Annie Hunter, to draw accurate lithographic plates from his photographs and casts. The result is this stunning series of plates. Michael Coe says, “It is impossible to exaggerate the importance to Maya research of Maudslay’s published work. For the  rst time, Maya epigraphers had large-scale, incredibly accurate illus- trations of the complete Classic Text…” (Breaking the Maya Code). Coe also credits Maudslay with being the greatest recorder of Mayan inscriptions.

MAGGS 115 not acceptable’, ‘Winnecke’s regrettable attitude’, ‘Winnecke has behaved badly’, ‘Winnecke is to receive no credit’. ‘I don’t mind paying literally, but I won’t be blackmailed’. Spencer speci cally advises Horn in return that  Winnecke’s publication ‘must be forestalled’. Winnecke would not be forestalled however. Since his narrative was now not to appear in the of cial account of the expedition edited by Spencer, Walter Baldwin Spencer’s Copy he went his own way and organised his own publication, in this form, pre- pared with an impressive suite of folding maps by the Adelaide government [HORN EXPEDITION] WINNECKE (Charles A.) printer. Wantrup notes its scarcity, estimating that no more than  copies Journals of the Horn Scienti c were printed. Winnecke must have taken some bitter satisfaction in presenting this Expedition, … Together with maps very copy to Baldwin Spencer, inscribing the title page ‘with complts Chas. and plans; and report of the physical Winnecke //’. It was not a gift intended to give much pleasure. Baldwin geography of Central Australia. Spencer wrote a note, tipped in here; signed ‘W. Baldwin Spencer’ it states that First edition.  vols.  photogravure plates. vo. A very good copy this is an ‘unauthorized edition’, followed by a numbered list of plates ille- in original wrappers with manuscript note from Baldwin Spencer gitimately included. The note states ‘The plates are the property of Mr. WA. tipped in; accompanied by a portfolio of four maps and sheets Horn & are reproduced without within original printed card folding case, comprising a large folding his permission.’ map measuring  by  mm., a plan of the Hermannsburg Privately funded and well re- mission measuring  by  mm., and two smaller loose folding sourced, the Horn scienti c expe- sheets; book and maps housed together in early (?original) green dition was a major undertaking, cloth slipcase lettered ‘Horn Exped.  ’. Adelaide, C.E. Bristow, travelling some  kilometres Government Printer, . £, and mapping almost , square kilometres of remote territory. In addition to Baldwin Spencer, the Important association copy of the narrative journal of the central Australian staff included several eminent sci- Horn scienti c expedition, antagonistically presented by its author and entists such as Professors Edward expedition-leader Charles Winnecke to Baldwin Spencer, expedition member, Stirling and Ralph Tate. This nar- famous anthropologist, and the editor of the competing of cial publication rative includes the very large plate of the expedition; accompanied by a testy note by Spencer relating to the of central Australia lithographed publication. for the suppressed parliamentary Winnecke’s journal of the Horn expedition was  rst planned as a par- printing of the previous year by liamentary paper in  but was quickly suppressed by the state Premier the Surveyor Generals Of ce in following a complaint from William Austin Horn,  nancier of the expedi- Adelaide. Additionally, the suite of tion. Winnecke’s narrative was then dropped from the of cial four-vol- folding sheets includes a detailed ume account of the expedition too. Previously, Horn had fallen out with plan of the Hermannsburg mis- Winnecke over  nances, leaving other members of the expedition divided in sion on the Finke River (with in- their loyalty. Baldwin Spencer had sided with Horn, and therefore also fell set architectural plans), a meteo- out with Winnecke. The breakdown of relations between the three men is rological chart and a topographic well documented in the surviving manuscript record: see, for example, the survey of Mount Watt. Spencer Papers in the Pitt Rivers Museum where various stages in the struggle between them are quite apparent, including Horn noting ‘Winnecke’s Journal Ferguson, a; McLaren, ; Wantrup, .

MAGGS 117  

On Board The Discovery The Deluxe Issue

MURRAY (George). OGAWA (Kazuma) & ITO (Chuta). The Antarctic Manual for the Shinkoku Peking Kojo Shashincho - use of the Expedition of  . Photographs of Palace Buildings of Peking: First edition. Numerous illustration in text, maps at rear. vo. Compiled by the Imperial Museum of Tokyo. Original blue cloth, gilt and blind-stamped, worn, a little shaken. First edition. No.   of a limited edition of  copies.  volumes. xvi, pp. London, . £,  large lithograph plates with tissue guards incl. three folding panoramas. Large folio. Original embroidered silk portfolio in protective wooden case. A very good copy. Separate volume of text Albert Armitage’s copy with in English and Japanese (original cream wrappers). Tokyo, Ogawa inscription on the half-title: Kazumasa Shuppanbu, [together with:] Decorations of the Palace ‘Albert Armitage st July, Buildings of Peking. No  a limited edition of  copies.  Antarctic Exploring  large lithograph plates incl.  large folding maps ( hand- Ship “Discovery”.’ Armit- coloured) together with  vols. of text (in English and Japanese). age had already served once Large folio. Original embroidered silk portfolio in protective on the ice with the Jackson- wooden case. A very good copy. (English text)pp.; (Japanese Harmsworth Expedition to text)pp. Tokyo, Ogawa Kazumasa Shuppanbu, . £, Franz-Joseph Land  - and received the Royal Geo- graphical Society’s Murchi- This work was produced as a result of the son award on his return. Commission sent by the Imperial University With this experience, Scott of Tokyo shortly after the Boxer Rebellion made him navigator and to investigate the arrangement, construction second-in-command of the and decoration of the Palace Buildings in the Discovery expedition. Forbidden City. Superb, large-size lithograph He distinguished himself in leading a party of twelve on a -day round plates by Ogawa Kazumasa (-), the trip reaching the summit plateau of Victoria Land which stood  ft above  rst publisher of collotype books in Japan. sea level. Interestingly, most of the rumours of animosity between Scott and The famous architectural scholar Ito Chuta Shackleton generate from Armitage’s account of the voyage in his autobi- (- ) oversaw this project and was ography, Cadet to Commodore, published in . This work includes a given unprecedented access to the pal- translation of Dumont d’Urville and the  rst publication of Biscoe’s journal ace. It is the  rst complete photographic of the discovery of Enderby Land. There is also an excellent bibliography. survey of the Forbidden City as well as Rosove . A Spence,  . the adjacent palaces which had hitherto been kept secret to the outside world.

MAGGS 119 Provenance: Fred Rowntree Friba (-), the architect who in  This set is the rare de-luxe issue with embroidered silk bindings in wooden won the competition to design the West China Union University at Chengtu, boxes. It is uniformly bound and it is rare to  nd both publications together. Szechuan.

MAGGS 121  

A Wonderful Letter from the Heroic Age Presented To Mckenzie by Ponting

SHACKLETON (Ernest). PONTING (Herbert George). ALS to Mr Gwatken. The Crew of the Terra Nova. Manuscript in ink. pp on a bifolium. mo. Browfort House, Original sepia photograph, mounted on board. Measuring approx, Devizes, n.d. but December . £,  by mm. c. . £,

A terri c letter from Ernest Shackleton, recently returned from his Nimrod expedition. In it he apologises for refusing an invitation, however his reasons An excellent piece from McKenzie’s collection. On the lower right of the are sound. It reads in part: image Ponting has written, “To Mac from H.G.Ponting”. This picture cap- tures the entire crew en route to the Antarctic, when spirits were high and the “I am living in a rush just now and this Peary v Cook business is adding to it. crew fresh and eager. It appears opposite page  in the  rst edition of Scott’s It may interest you to know that Captain Scott is announcing on Monday that Last Expedition. McKenzie stands proudly in the foreground, centre left he will lead a new Expedition to the Antarctic next year I am in daily touch wearing a cap. with him now. We cannot let America get this South Pole as well.”

MAGGS 123  

A Beautiful Large Format Photograph A Rare Kasgar Imprint

PONTING (Herbert George). HARDING (Harold Ivan). “Midnight in the Antarctic Summer” Diary of a Journey from Srinagar Blue-tone carbon photograph measuring approx.  by  mm. to Kashgar via Gilgit. In the original frame with printed label to the verso. London, Fine First edition, this copy number  of an unspeci ed limited edition. Art Society,  . £ , Folding coloured map. vo. Original patterned fabric binding slightly worn, top half of spine rubbed, boards slightly warped. [vi], []-pp. Kashgar, Sweden Mission Press, . £

Inscribed by the author on the presentation leaf: “Dear Lady Head, yours sincerely H I Harding.” A scarce account of the author’s travels in Central Asia to take up his post in Kashgar as Vice Consul. Kashgar is located on the Chinese frontier, best reached by the Gilgit-Hunza route. The printed presentation leaf states “it is bound in a stuff of which clothes are made in Central Asia and it is the  rst book, if I may be forgiven for calling it a book, to be published in this part of the world in any Euro- pean language.” Harold Ivan Harding was born in Toronto  January  and died at Te Puhapa, Mamáo, Tahiti in  . He entered British Con- sular Service in China in  and served in various capacities there until  when he became Vice- A stunning large format photograph by the expedition’s of cial photographer, Consul at Kashgar. [ further illus- taken on  January . Ponting’s image shows the breaking up of the ice tration overleaf ] at McMurdo Sound. This image is illustrated in the of cial account of the Yakushi, H. expedition in volume one, facing page  , where it is titled “The Falling of the Long Polar Night.” It was displayed in the Fine Art Society’s exhibition of Ponting’s photographs from the expedition.

MAGGS 125