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Acoustic Phonetics Kenneth Stevens Pdf Acoustic phonetics kenneth stevens pdf Continue This book presents the theory of the speech sound of a generation in the human vocal system. This long-awaited work represents the theory of the speech-sound generation in the human vocal system. Comprehensive acoustic theory serves as one of the foundations for determining the categories of speech sound used to create differences between words in languages. The author begins by reviewing the anatomy and physiology of speech products, then covering the original mechanisms, vocal tract as an acoustic filter, relevant aspects of auditory psychophysics and physiology, as well as phonological presentations. In other chapters, he presents a detailed study of vowels, consonants and the impact of context on the production of speech sound. Although it focuses mainly on the sounds of the English language, it briefly touches on sounds in other languages. The book will serve as a reference for speech scientists, speech therapists, linguists interested in phonetics and phonology, psychologists interested in speech perception and production, as well as engineers interested in processing speech applications. Whenever someone - a linguist, speech pathologist, or communications engineer - wants to know why the acoustic structure of a particular sound is as it is, it is the book to which they will turn. There is absolutely no other book with anything like this depth of coverage. - Peter Ladefoged, Professor of Phonetics Honorary, University of California, Los Angeles This long-awaited work represents the theory of the speech sound of a generation in the human vocal system. Comprehensive acoustic theory serves as one of the foundations for determining the categories of speech sound used to create differences between words in languages. The author begins by reviewing the anatomy and physiology of speech products, then covering the original mechanisms, vocal tract as an acoustic filter, relevant aspects of auditory psychophysics and physiology, as well as phonological presentations. In other chapters, he presents a detailed study of vowels, consonants and the impact of context on the production of speech sound. Although it focuses mainly on the sounds of the English language, it briefly touches on sounds in other languages. Kenneth Noble StevensBorn (1924-03-24)March 24, 1924Toronto, OntarioDiedAugust 19, 2013 (2013-08-19) (age 89)Clackamas, OregonNationalityCanadaCitizenshipUSAlma materMIT, University of TorontoAwardsNational Medal of Science (1999)Scientific careerFieldsElectrical Engineering, Acoustic PhoneticsSityMITDoctoral AdvisorLeoranekOther Academic AdvisorsJ. C. R. Licklider, Walter A. RosenblunitDoctoral StudentsJames L. FlanaganKarol Espi-WilsonIndition R. RabinerVictor Ku Kenneth Noble Stevens (March 24, 1924 - August 19, 2013) was Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Clarence J. Stevens Head of the communication team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Electronics Research Laboratory (RLE) and was one of the world's leading scientists in acoustic phonetics. He was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Bill Clinton in 1999, and IEEE's James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award in 2004. He died in 2013 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. Education Early education Ken Stevens was born in Toronto on March 23, 1924. His older brother Pete was born in England; Ken was born four years later, shortly after the family emigrated to Canada. His childhood ambition was to become a doctor because he admired an uncle who was a doctor. He attended high school at the University of Toronto's Department of Education. Stevens attended college at the University of Toronto School of Engineering on a full scholarship. He lived at home throughout his student years. Although Stevens himself could not fight in World War II because of visual impairment, his brother was on the sidelines throughout the war; His parents tuned in at night on the BBC for updates. Stevens is a major in engineering physics at the university, covering topics from the design of motorized machines to basic physics, which was taught at the Department of Physics. In the summer he worked in the defense industry, including in the summer in a company that developed radar. In 1945 he received an S.B. degree and S.M. Stevens was a teacher from his student years when he lectured on the economics of the house, which dealt with some aspects of physics. After earning a master's degree, he remained at the University of Toronto as a teacher, teaching courses for young people returning from the war, including his own older brother. He was a fellow at the Ontario Foundation from 1945 to 1946, then a lecturer at the University of Toronto until 1948. During his master's studies, Stevens became interested in management theory and took courses in the Department of Applied Mathematics, where one of his professors recommended that he apply to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a doctorate. Doctorate Shortly after Stevens was admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a new professor named Leo Beranek noticed that Stevens had taken acoustics. Beranek contacted Stevens in Toronto to ask if he would be a teaching assistant for Beranek's new acoustics course, and Stevens agreed. Soon after, Beranek contacted Stevens again to offer him a research position on a new draft speech, which Stevens also adopted. The Radiation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (building 20) was converted after the war into the Electronics Research Laboratory (RLE); among other laboratories, RLE hosted the new Beranek acoustics laboratory. In November 1949, the office next to Ken was invited doctoral in Sweden by the name of Gunnar Fant, with whom he friendship and cooperation that will last for more than half a century. Stevens focused on the study of vowels during his doctoral studies; in 1950, he published a short article claiming that autocorrelation could be used to discriminate against vowels, while his 1952 doctoral thesis reported on the results of perception for vowels synthesized using a set of electronic resonators. Fant convinced Stevens that the vocal tract transmission model was more flexible than the resonator model, and they published this work together in 1953. Ken attributes Fanta's connection between the linguistics department and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Electronics Research Laboratory. Roman Jacobson, a phonologist at Harvard, had an office at MIT by 1957, while Morris Halle enrolled in the Department of Linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and moved to RLE in 1951. Stevens' collaboration with Halle began with acoustics, but grew to focus on how acoustics and articulation organize the sound systems of the language. Stevens completed his doctoral thesis in 1952; his doctoral commission included his counselor, Leo Eranek, and J.K.R. Listlider and Walter A. Rosenblit. After earning his doctorate, Stevens went to work for Bolt, Beranek and Newman (now BBN Technologies) in Harvard Square. In the early 1950s, Beranek decided to leave MIT to work full-time at BBN. He knew Stevens loved teaching, so he encouraged Stevens to apply for a position at MIT. Stevens did so, and joined the faculty in 1954. Stevens is best known for his contributions to phonology, speech perception and speech products. Stevens' most famous book, Acoustic Phonetics, is organized in accordance with the distinctive features of Stevens's phonological system. Stevens's contribution to phonology is perhaps best known for his suggestion of a theory that answers the question: Why are the sounds of the world's languages (their phonemes or segments) so similar to each other? When first learning a foreign language, one is struck by the remarkable differences that can exist between the sound system of one language and any other. Stevens turned a student's perception upside down: instead of asking why languages are different, he asked if the sound system of each language is completely arbitrary, why are languages so similar? His answer is quantum theory of speech. The quantum theory is supported by the theory of language change, developed in collaboration with Samuel Jay Keiser, which postulates the existence of redundant or improved functions. in the perception of speech, quantum theory assumes that the phonological inventory of the language is determined primarily by the acoustic characteristics of each segment, with boundaries defined by acoustic-articulation acoustic-articulation The implication is that phonological segments should have some type of acoustic taste. Bloomstein and Stevens demonstrated a seemingly inalrivable relationship between the acoustic spectrum and the perceived sound: by adding energy to the burst spectrum at a certain frequency, it is possible to turn it into that or ka respectively, depending on the frequency. The presence of additional energy causes the perception of lingual consonants; its absence causes the perception of the labia. Stevens' recent work has been reperlicated into the theory of acoustic barbarity into a shallow hierarchical model of perception, a model of acoustic landmarks and distinctive features. Contributing to the production of speech While on vacation at KTH in Sweden in 1962, Stevens volunteered as a participant in cineradiography experiments conducted by Sven Oman. Stevens's film-radical films are among the most common; copies exist on laserdisc, and some of them are available online. Back at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stevens agreed to lead a dentistry student named Joseph S. Perkell. Perkell's knowledge of oral anatomy allowed him to trace Stevens' X-ray tapes on paper and publish the results. Other contributions to the study of speech products include a model by which you can predict the spectral shape of turbulent speech arousal (depending on the size of the turbulent jet), and work related to voice fold configurations that lead to different background modes. Stevens joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an assistant professor in 1954 as a mentor. He became an adjunct professor in 1957, a professor in 1963, and was appointed Professor Clarence Lebel in 1977.
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