DOCSLIB.ORG

Back Matter (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Index Page numbers in italics refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables A-frame, trench support 117–119, 122, 128 Atherfield Clay Formation 35, 36, 37, 44 Admiral Hipper, German heavy cruiser 282 Atlantic shipping 282 aerial attack, Malta 203, 216–217 Atlantic Wall, Norway 21, 24, 83–107 aerial attack, World War I 168, 201 army units, German/Austrian 83–84 aerial photographic intelligence geology 84–86 procedure 278–279 military geologists and rank 86–106 World War I 147 workforce 16, 99, 105 World War II 11, 22, 275–294 atomic bomb 291 aggregate 24 Austere Landing Site Program World War I 151, 158, 161, 165, 168, 196 military planning 19 World War II 191, 193, 197 Australian Mining Corps 7 Agincourt, trafficability problems 297 Austrian military geologists, World War II 83–107 air force geologists, Norway 86, 89–98, 105 Austrian State Archives 134 air raid, World War I 168 Austrian Tunnelling Method 106 airfield construction 191–192, 195 Austro-Hungarian military geologists 5, 11, 21, 22 Faroe Islands 187–188 Austro-Hungarian tunnelling 131, 133, 136, 140 Gibraltar 186–187 Malta 218, 221 Bailey, E.B., geologist 216, 222 airfields 173, 180, 183 Bailey’s Dam 272–273 immobilization 225, 227 ballast pit, aggregate source 165 protection, pipe mines 225 Banc Noir quarry 158–159, 160, 161–162, 169 UK World War II 226 Banks, N.P. (US Union general) 267, 268, 270–272 al-Salam hospital, ambush 261–262 Barrois, C., geologist 5 Alaska Terrain and Permafrost Section Bartella, tunnel complex 246, 247, 255 military geology, planning 18–19 bastions, artillery positions 43 Aldershot Command Shelter 207, 210 Battery Weed see Fort Richmond Aldershot, quarry company recruitment 155, 170 Battle of Britain 174 Algeria, quarrying companies 179–181 Battle of Mansfield 272 Allen, P., aerial photo interpreter 292, 293, 294 Bavaria, tunnelling units 140, 145, 147 Allied Central Interpretation Unit 276, 278 Bazwaia, tunnel complex 247, 254, 255 geologists and geoscientists 293, 294 beach gravel 36 Allied landings, 1944 190 beach landings 13, 289 American Civil War (1861–65) 65–68, 70 Beaulieu quarry 157–158, 160, 168–170 topography and geomorphology 22, 267–273 bombing 166 American coastal defence, 1816 to 1867 Belarus, cross-country mobility map 302 First to Third System forts 63 Belgium, quarrying companies withdrawal 193–194 pre-Revolutionary War 61–62, 65 Bernard, S., French military engineer 63 Third System Forts 63–80 Bismarck, German battleship 282 American military geologists 7–9, 15–16, 18–19 Blaenau Ffestiniog, recruitment 176 American War of Independence 62 Blecquenecques quarry 160, 170 amphibious assault 209, 223 Blitz 174 USA eastern seaboard 62–63, 70 blockhouses, Tudor defences 48 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 288, 292 Boesinghe, trenches 121–123 Antonine Wall 32 bogged-down vehicles 298, 301, 304 archaeology bomb disposal 174 Lympne Fort 31, 37–41 bomb-proof shelters 201, 205 Western Front trenches 120–128 bombing, liquefaction 92, 93 archives 134, 202 Bonaparte, Napoleon 2–3 Bangor University 169 borehole, drilling technology 54–55 German Federal Archive 134 early, offshore 54, 58 Heringen 16, 87 Boston, defences 63–67 Quarrying Companies 151–152, 173 Boulogne, technical map 167, 168 see also UK National Archives and War Diaries Boulonnais, geology 151, 157, 158 Arctic convoys, Soviet Union 185 Bracklesham Group, aquifer 55–57 armistice, 1918 167, 170 breastwork 118, 119, 123 armistice, 1940 174, 210 breathing apparatus 147 Artois 109, 111 brick-built fort, nineteenth century 71, 76–78, 79 Asnelles-sur-Mer, beach landings 13 brick-lined tunnel 233–234, 237–238 308 INDEX Brighton, Operation Sea Lion 17 cross-country mobility prediction 18, 19, 23, 297–305 Britannia, Roman defences 24, 32, 33 Curragh, quarrying company 169 British Expeditionary Force 4, 7, 12, 201 headquarters in France 205 D-Day, 1944 see Normandy D-Day infrastructure repair 22 D’Arcy Exploration Company 226–227 Western Front World War I 152–153 Darbishire, C.S., Royal Engineers 156, 168–169 World War II 173 David, T.W.E., military geologist 7 British Geological Survey, Ordnance funding 4 David, V., aerial photo interpreter 281 British military geologists 3–5, 7, 12–15, 18, 53–54 demobilization, quarrymen 167, 193–194 aerial photographic interpretation 275, 279–294 Devonian limestone, tunnelling 208 British Petroleum 226, 292 Devonian, roadstone resource 157, 159, 163 British Society for the History of Science 286 Dolgellau, anti-tank defences 208–209 Brooks, A.H., US military geologist 8–9 Dolomieu, Déodat de brownstone 70, 71 Napoleon’s expeditionary force 2 Buchan, S., hydrogeologist 210 Dora 1 and 2, German naval base 103 Bulgaria, Eastern Front 131 Douie, C. 126, 127, 128 Burma, road stone quarrying 228 drainage in trenches 118–121, 125–126 drilling 89, 96 Cairnryan, military port 174, 178 techniques 54, 58 Caledonian Orogenic Belt 84 drumlins 63–66 caliphate, tunnelling programme 241, 256–258, 262 dug-outs 6, 21, 109, 113, 201 Camden Expedition, American Civil War 272 dune belt (coastal), Western Front 111, 112 camouflage, Mosul tunnel entrances 246, 248, 252 Dutch navy invasion [1667] 225 camouflet 134, 135, 145 dyke, quartz monzonite 237–238 Canadian pipe mines 224–225 Cape Ann granite, Rockport 65, 66 Eakring, drilling training 226–227 Carboniferous, roadstone resource 157, 159, 163 East India Company, military geologists 4 carnot wall 73, 77 East Rail Line, Hong Kong 233, 234, 238 Casagrande, A., US Army Engineer Corps 104–105 Eastern Front, World War I 22, I31–148 Casagrande, L., Organisation Todt 99, 104–105 map 133 casualties, World War I 147 Edgeworth David, T.W., military geologist 5, 151, 152, quarrymen 166 161, 163 casualties, American Civil War 267 Egypt, exceptional service award 284 Red River campaign 271 Egypt, Napoleonic invasion 2–4 Central Interpretation Unit, development 276, 278 electrical resistivity, expert opinion report 89 Central Ordnance Depot, Bicester 188–190, 195, electro-osmotic stabilization 103, 104 197, 228 Elliott, J., Lympne reconstruction 37, 39, 40 Central Powers, Eastern Front 131, 134, 147 Endicott System/Program 67, 70, 77 chalk 111–113, 115–116, 126–129 enfilade fire 113, 115, 116 military tunnelling 205, 207–209 engineering geology road metal 164 Hong Kong railway tunnel 234–239 sound propagation 145 World War I, Western Front 109–129 Charlesfort 61 World War II, Atlantic Wall 89–98 Chatham naval dockyard 202, 225 environmental protection, Germany 19 chemin de ronde 73, 77 equilibrium interface 51 clay plain, Ypres 111, 128 equipment and transport 194 clay, liquefaction 86 Eastern Front, German 147 clay, sound propagation 145 World War I 120 climate, Medieval warm period 44 World War II quarrying company 176–177, 179, 181, Clipstone camp 155, 168 191, 196–197 coal miners 202, 228 World War II tunnelling company 213, 214–215 coastal fortification 20–21, 34–35 see also improvised tunnel-boring machines coastal site, water supply 47–48, 53–58 European Field Program, planning, military geology 19 Cold War (1947–91) 18–19 evacuation (1940) British Expeditionary Force 201, Commission of Sciences and Arts 2 205, 210 communication trenches 115 evacuation from Norway (1940) 210, 211 compressive strength 93, 96 excavations 21–22 concrete 91–92, 97–98, 165 Mosul 243–255, 257 shelter/trench 125–126 report guidelines 92–95, 96 cone index/vehicle cone index (CI/VCI) 297, 299, Excavator Company Royal Engineers in Gibraltar 186 302–304 expert opinion reports Corps des Mines 2 technical requirements 93, 95 cotton raid, Red River battle 271 World War II 88–89, 91,92–98 Cotton, F.S., photographer 276, 277 Ezidi hostages, tunnel labour 243, 246 INDEX 309 Falcon, N.L., photo interpreter 286, 293, 294 France, northern 204 Falklands Islands, briefing map 23 Germany 193 Fan Bay Deep Shelter 208 Gibraltar 216, 217–218 Faroe Islands, airfield and boat base 187–188, 195, 196 Iraq 242, 244, 245 Faslane, military port 174 Libya, trafficability 303 Fatha Formation, Iraq 241–242, 246, 247, 249 Red River Valley 269 tunnelling rate 254 technical legend 167 faults in tunnels 216, 237–238 United Kingdom 174, 178, 184, 206 Fennoscandian Shield 84, 85 Geological Society of London, founding members 3–4 Ferques Inlier 157, 159, 160, 161, 170 Geological Survey of India, military personnel 12, field companies 225–227 15, 275 Finland, military command 83, 84 Geological Survey of Ireland, military funding 4 fire in warfare 115, 259–260 geologist, advice in combat 115, 128–129 fire trench, construction 117 geologist, military deployment 181–183 flame barrage defence, UK 223–224, 227, 228 Geologists’ Pool 288 Flanders 109, 116, 121 geology, mine warfare 141–145 geology 111–113 geology, search for tunnels 143, 145, 256 fleet battle, Red River 271–272 geology, tunnel site investigation 262 flint gravel 160, 161, 163–164 geology, use in trench warfare 109, 110–113, 121–128 flint, in trenches 128 geomorphology and river battles 267–273 flooding, trench warfare 113, 125–126 geophysical surveys 12, 40 flying boat base, Faroes 187–188 geoscientists, World War II, Norway 90–91, 105, 106 Fort Barrancas 73–75, 80 geotechnical findings 40, 43 Fort Blockhouse 52,53 German/English terms 106–107 Fort Clinch, Amelia Island 72–73, 80 Lympne landslip 37 Fort Fareham 58 maps and reports 8, 9–10 Fort Gaines, Dauphin Island 76–77, 80 World War II, Norway 89, 91–98 Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn 70, 80 German defences, Ver-sur-Mer 289 Fort Independence, Castle Island 65,80 German Federal Archive 134 Fort Lafayette, Brooklyn 69–71 German military geologists 3, 9–11, 16–19, 22 Fort Massachusetts, Ship
Recommended publications
  • Zaalteksten En.Indd

    Zaalteksten En.Indd

    ground in the city Under g aller EnPlease drop me in the box as you leave y texts Down the rabbit hole 1 We experience what is happening above ground on a daily basis, but what lies underneath the earth’s surface is usually hidden from view. And because that world is largely terra incognita for us, what happens there is shrouded in mystery. Stories about tunnels used to access and rob banks or as secret escape routes capture our imagination. By their very nature, illegal resistance movements operate ‘underground’, shunning the spotlight. The underground scene of artistic subcultures also prefers to avoid the glare of public attention. Besides arousing our curiosity, the unknown frightens us. The devil and other monstrous creatures are said to be lurking deep under the ground. Sewage workers would be well advised to offer up a quick prayer before removing a manhole cover. On the other hand, it is to the earth that we entrust our most cherished treasures. Venture down below and a wondrous world will open up to you! 1.1 Hepworth Manufacturing Company, The deep and Alice in Wonderland, 1903 mysterious underground It is very difficult to fathom what 1.2 Walt Disney Productions, is actually happening inside the earth Alice in Wonderland, 1951 and for a long time this was a matter of guesswork. Even now the deepest 1.3 In 1877 Thomas Wallace Knox, an Ameri- drilling operations into the earth’s can journalist and author of adventure crust are mere pinpricks. stories, wrote a weighty tome entitled The German priest and scholar Athana- The Underground World: a mirror of life sius Kircher tried to explain a number below the surface, with vivid descrip- of phenomena in the influential book tions of the hidden works of nature and he wrote in 1664: Mundus subterraneus, art, comprising incidents and adven- quo universae denique naturae tures beyond the light of day… divitiae.
  • Geomorphology of Thermo-Erosion Gullies – Case Study from Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada

    Geomorphology of Thermo-Erosion Gullies – Case Study from Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada

    Geomorphology of thermo-erosion gullies – case study from Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada Godin Etienne & Fortier Daniel Département de Géographie – Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Center for Northern Studies, (CEN) – Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada ABSTRACT In the valley of glacier C-79 on Bylot Island, snowmelt water runoff is creating thermo-erosion of permafrost wetlands. This process contributes to the rapid formation of gullies in ice-wedge polygons. One gully had been observed since 1999 and had a growth of 748 m since then. The geomorphology of this gully is characterized by an active thermo- erosion zone near the gully head, a poorly-active zone near the outlet and a moderately active zone in-between. Feedback mechanisms contribute to the erosion processes governing the development of the gully, accelerating erosion at its head and stabilizing it at its outlet. Erosion features such as sinkholes, collapses and baydjarakhs were consequently observed in the gully. Thermo-erosion processes have remained active and have had an impact on the ecosystem for more than a decade. RÉSUMÉ La thermo-érosion induite par la fonte du couvert nival cause la dégradation du pergélisol dans la vallée glaciaire C-79 sur l’Ile Bylot. Ce processus contribue à la formation rapide de réseaux de ravinement dans les polygones à coin de glace. L'observation d'un ravin depuis sa formation en 1999 et de son évolution jusqu’à 748 m en 2009, révèle trois types de zones d’érosion caractérisant sa géomorphologie : une zone de thermo-érosion très active en amont, une zone intermédiaire, et une zone faiblement active à proximité de l’exutoire.
  • The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917

    The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917

    Centre for First World War Studies A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917 by Michael Stephen LoCicero Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The Third Battle of Ypres was officially terminated by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig with the opening of the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917. Nevertheless, a comparatively unknown set-piece attack – the only large-scale night operation carried out on the Flanders front during the campaign – was launched twelve days later on 2 December. This thesis, a necessary corrective to published campaign narratives of what has become popularly known as „Passchendaele‟, examines the course of events from the mid-November decision to sanction further offensive activity in the vicinity of Passchendaele village to the barren operational outcome that forced British GHQ to halt the attack within ten hours of Zero. A litany of unfortunate decisions and circumstances contributed to the profitless result.
  • French Riviera Côte D'azur

    French Riviera Côte D'azur

    10 20 FRENCH RIVIERA CÔTE D’AZUR SUGGESTIONS OF EXCURSIONS FROM THE PORT OF SUGGESTIONS D’EXCURSIONS AU DÉPART DU PORT DE CANNES EXCURSIONS FROM DEPARTURE EXCURSIONS AU DÉPART DE CANNES WE WELCOME YOU TO THE FRENCH RIVIERA Nous vous souhaitons la bienvenue sur la Côte d’Azur www.frenchriviera-tourism.com The Comité Régional du Tourisme (Regional Tourism Council) Riviera Côte d’Azur, has put together this document, following the specific request from individual cruise companies, presenting the different discovery itineraries of the towns and villages of the region pos- sible from the port, or directly the town of Cannes. To help you work out the time needed for each excursion, we have given an approximate time of each visit according the departure point. The time calculated takes into account the potential wait for public transport (train or bus), however, it does not include a lunch stop. We do advice that you chose an excursion that gives you ample time to enjoy the visit in complete serenity. If you wish to contact an established incoming tour company for your requirements, either a minibus company with a chauffeur or a large tour agency we invite you to consult the web site: www.frenchriviera-cb.com for a full list of the same. Or send us an e-mail with your specific requirements to: [email protected] Thank-you for your interest in our destination and we wish you a most enjoyable cruise. Monaco/Monte-Carlo Cap d’Ail Saint-Paul-de-Vence Villefranche-sur-Mer Nice Grasse Cagnes-sur-Mer Villeneuve-Loubet Mougins Biot Antibes Vallauris Cannes Saint-Tropez www.cotedazur-tourisme.com Le Comité Régional du Tourisme Riviera Côte d’Azur, à la demande d’excursionnistes croisiéristes individuels, a réalisé ce document qui recense des suggestions d’itinéraires de découverte de villes et villages au départ du port de croisières de Cannes.
  • Subterranean Warfare: a New-Old Challenge

    Subterranean Warfare: a New-Old Challenge

    Subterranean Warfare: A New-Old Challenge Yiftah S. Shapir and Gal Perel Subterranean warfare is not new in human history. Tunnels, which have been dug in all periods for various purposes, have usually been the weapon of the weak against the strong and used for concealment. The time required to dig tunnels means that they can be an important tool for local residents against an enemy army unfamiliar with the terrain. Tunnels used for concealment purposes (defensive tunnels) can be distinguished from tunnels used as a route for moving from one place to another. The latter include smuggling tunnels used to smuggle goods past borders (as in the Gaza Strip), escape routes from prisons or detention camps, offensive tunnels to move forces behind enemy lines, and booby-trapped tunnels planted with explosives !"#$%#!#&'%()*+,+-+#.%/)%-)*-+*% .#"%0'%1)&).23 Operation Protective Edge sharpened awareness of the strategic threat posed by subterranean warfare. The IDF encountered the tunnel threat long ago, and took action to attempt to cope with this threat, but the scope of -4#%54#!6&#!6!7%).%0#*)&#%)55)$#!-%+!%8 ,'9: ; .-%<=>?7%@).%56$-$)'#"% as a strategic shock, if not a complete surprise, requiring comprehensive reorganization to handle the problem. Some critics argued that an investigative commission was necessary to search for the roots of the failure and punish those to blame for it. This article will review subterranean warfare before and during Operation Protective Edge, and will assess the strategic effects of this mode of warfare. !"#$%&#'()#*+,-"../0"/0#1/.2/." A 0-#$$)!#)!%@)$()$#%4).%)55#)$#"%&)!'%-+&#.%+!%-4#%:$)09B.$)#,+%*6!-#C-7% and the IDF and the Ministry of Defense have dealt with various aspects of the phenomenon of subterranean warfare for many years.
  • Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: an Annotated Bibliography by R

    Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: an Annotated Bibliography by R

    Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography by R. Lee Hadden Topographic Engineering Center November 2005 US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Alexandria, VA 22315-3864 Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels In Afghanistan Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE 30-11- 2. REPORT TYPE Bibliography 3. DATES COVERED 1830-2005 2005 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER “Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats and Tunnels 5b. GRANT NUMBER In Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography” 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER HADDEN, Robert Lee 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Topographic Alexandria, VA 22315- Engineering Center 3864 9.ATTN SPONSORING CEERD / MONITORINGTO I AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10.
  • To Examine the Horrors of Trench Warfare

    To Examine the Horrors of Trench Warfare

    TRENCH WARFARE Objective: To examine the horrors of trench warfare. What problems faced attacking troops? What was Trench Warfare? Trench Warfare was a type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches that were protected by mines and barbed wire Cross-section of a front-line trench How extensive were the trenches? An aerial photograph of the opposing trenches and no-man's land in Artois, France, July 22, 1917. German trenches are at the right and bottom, British trenches are at the top left. The vertical line to the left of centre indicates the course of a pre-war road. What was life like in the trenches? British trench, France, July 1916 (during the Battle of the Somme) What was life like in the trenches? French soldiers firing over their own dead What were trench rats? Many men killed in the trenches were buried almost where they fell. These corpses, as well as the food scraps that littered the trenches, attracted rats. Quotes from soldiers fighting in the trenches: "The rats were huge. They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself." "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat." What other problems did soldiers face in the trenches? Officers walking through a flooded communication trench.
  • MOD Heritage Report 2011 to 2013

    MOD Heritage Report 2011 to 2013

    MOD Heritage Report 2011-2013 Heritage in the Ministry of Defence Cover photograph Barrow Clump, Crown Copyright CONTENTS Introduction 4 Profile of the MOD Historic Estate 5 Case Study: RAF Spadeadam 6 World Heritage Sites 7 Condition of the MOD Historic Estate 8 Scheduled Monuments 8 Listed Buildings 9 Case Study: Sandhurst 10 Heritage at Risk 11 Case Study: Otterburn 12 Estate Development and Rationalisation 13 Disposals 13 Strategy, Policy and Governance 14 Management Plans, Heritage Assessments 14 Historic Crashed Aircraft 15 Case Study: Operation Nightingale 16 Conclusion 17 Annex A: New Listed Building Designations 19 New Scheduled Monument Designations 20 Annex B: Heritage at Risk on the MOD Estate 21 Annex C: Monuments at Risk Progress Report 24 MOD Heritage Report 2011-13 3 Introduction 1. The MOD has the largest historic estate within Government and this report provides commentary on its size, diversity, condition and management. This 5th biennial report covers the financial years 11/12 and 12/13 and fulfils the requirement under the DCMS/ English Heritage (EH) Protocol for the Care of the Government Estate 2009 and Scottish Ministers Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP). It summarises the work and issues arising in the past two years and progress achieved both in the UK and overseas. 2. As recognised in the 2011 English Heritage Biennial Conservation Report, the MOD has fully adopted the Protocol and the requirements outlined in the SHEP. The requirements for both standards have been embedded into MOD business and reflected within its strategies, policies, roles and responsibilities, governance, management systems and plans and finally data systems.
  • Trench Warfare

    Trench Warfare

    Aaron Berman, Will Ryan, and Jim Wald Trench Warfare A Comparative Analysis of Civil War and World War I Trenches Lauren Fraser 4/30/2013 Page | 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: “A Soldier’s Life for Me”…Life in the Trenches ....................................... 7 Chapter 2: The Building of the Trenches ....... 32 Chapter 3: European Observations and the Trenches of WWI ............................... 55 Conclusion: ................................... 79 Bibliography .................................. 85 Page | 2 Trench Warfare A Comparative Analysis of Civil War and World War I Trenches Intro: Trench warfare, or occasionally “siege warfare”, is often defined as a form of “occupied fighting lines” in which soldiers are protected by field works from an opposing front’s artillery and small-arms fire. One tends to picture trench warfare as two large armies bogged down due to heavy artillery and unable to do more than move gradually inch by inch across a battlefield; or of men leaping out of trenches to dash headlong into immense fire and certain death. Sometimes considered representative of futility in war, trench warfare has become synonymous with stalemates in the midst of conflict, of the wearing down of enemy forces until they are unable to continue from lack of arms or morale, and of a form of warfare that is nothing more than senseless slaughter in less-than-stellar environments. Trench warfare is so often associated with World War I because its usage was such a prominent characteristic. Tactically and strategically, the use of trenches for defensive purposes was not particularly new by 1914. Field fortifications – forts, strongholds, and even trenches – have Page | 3 been in sporadic usage throughout warfare as far back as the Romans, although not to the same extent as during the First World War.
  • Egypt and Israel: Tunnel Neutralization Efforts in Gaza

    Egypt and Israel: Tunnel Neutralization Efforts in Gaza

    WL KNO EDGE NCE ISM SA ER IS E A TE N K N O K C E N N T N I S E S J E N A 3 V H A A N H Z И O E P W O I T E D N E Z I A M I C O N O C C I O T N S H O E L C A I N M Z E N O T Egypt and Israel: Tunnel Neutralization Efforts in Gaza LUCAS WINTER Open Source, Foreign Perspective, Underconsidered/Understudied Topics The Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is an open source research organization of the U.S. Army. It was founded in 1986 as an innovative program that brought together military specialists and civilian academics to focus on military and security topics derived from unclassified, foreign media. Today FMSO maintains this research tradition of special insight and highly collaborative work by conducting unclassified research on foreign perspectives of defense and security issues that are understudied or unconsidered. Author Background Mr. Winter is a Middle East analyst for the Foreign Military Studies Office. He holds a master’s degree in international relations from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and was an Arabic Language Flagship Fellow in Damascus, Syria, in 2006–2007. Previous Publication This paper was originally published in the September-December 2017 issue of Engineer: the Professional Bulletin for Army Engineers. It is being posted on the Foreign Military Studies Office website with permission from the publisher. FMSO has provided some editing, format, and graphics to this paper to conform to organizational standards.
  • Naval Dockyards Society

    Naval Dockyards Society

    20TH CENTURY NAVAL DOCKYARDS: DEVONPORT AND PORTSMOUTH CHARACTERISATION REPORT Naval Dockyards Society Devonport Dockyard Portsmouth Dockyard Title page picture acknowledgements Top left: Devonport HM Dockyard 1951 (TNA, WORK 69/19), courtesy The National Archives. Top right: J270/09/64. Photograph of Outmuster at Portsmouth Unicorn Gate (23 Oct 1964). Reproduced by permission of Historic England. Bottom left: Devonport NAAFI (TNA, CM 20/80 September 1979), courtesy The National Archives. Bottom right: Portsmouth Round Tower (1843–48, 1868, 3/262) from the north, with the adjoining rich red brick Offices (1979, 3/261). A. Coats 2013. Reproduced with the permission of the MoD. Commissioned by The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England of 1 Waterhouse Square, 138-142 Holborn, London, EC1N 2ST, ‘English Heritage’, known after 1 April 2015 as Historic England. Part of the NATIONAL HERITAGE PROTECTION COMMISSIONS PROGRAMME PROJECT NAME: 20th Century Naval Dockyards Devonport and Portsmouth (4A3.203) Project Number 6265 dated 7 December 2012 Fund Name: ARCH Contractor: 9865 Naval Dockyards Society, 44 Lindley Avenue, Southsea, PO4 9NU Jonathan Coad Project adviser Dr Ann Coats Editor, project manager and Portsmouth researcher Dr David Davies Editor and reviewer, project executive and Portsmouth researcher Dr David Evans Devonport researcher David Jenkins Project finance officer Professor Ray Riley Portsmouth researcher Sponsored by the National Museum of the Royal Navy Published by The Naval Dockyards Society 44 Lindley Avenue, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO4 9NU, England navaldockyards.org First published 2015 Copyright © The Naval Dockyards Society 2015 The Contractor grants to English Heritage a non-exclusive, transferable, sub-licensable, perpetual, irrevocable and royalty-free licence to use, copy, reproduce, adapt, modify, enhance, create derivative works and/or commercially exploit the Materials for any purpose required by Historic England.
  • Civil Defense and Chemical Warfare in Great Britain, 1915-1945 Jordan I

    Civil Defense and Chemical Warfare in Great Britain, 1915-1945 Jordan I

    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-7-2018 Britain Can Take It: Civil Defense and Chemical Warfare in Great Britain, 1915-1945 Jordan I. Malfoy [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC006585 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Malfoy, Jordan I., "Britain Can Take It: Civil Defense and Chemical Warfare in Great Britain, 1915-1945" (2018). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3639. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3639 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida BRITAIN CAN TAKE IT: CHEMICAL WARFARE AND THE ORIGINS OF CIVIL DEFENSE IN GREAT BRITAIN, 1915 - 1945 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY by Jordan Malfoy 2018 To: Dean John F. Stack, Jr. choose the name of dean of your college/school Green School of International and Public Affairs choose the name of your college/school This disserta tion, writte n by Jordan Malfoy, and entitled Britain Can Take It: Chemical Warfare and the Ori gins of Civil D efense i n Great Britain, 1915-1945, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment.