Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project

Hydromega Services Inc.

Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

For

H351681-00000-121-066-0003 Rev. 0 February 5, 2018

This document contains confidential information intended only for the person(s) to whom it is addressed. The information in this document may not be disclosed to, or used by, any other person without Hatch's prior written consent.

Hydromega Services Inc.

Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

For

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project

H351681-00000-121-066-0003 Rev. 0 February 5, 2018

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Report

Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

H351681-00000-121-066-0003

C. Coughlin, M. Approved Esraelian, C. Sehl, J. 2018-02-05 0 T. Clarke K. Vukovics for Use Villella, K. Wilson, P. Snable, K. Vukovics DATE REV. STATUS PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

Discipline Lead Functional Manager

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0,

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

IMPORTANT NOTICE TO READER

This report was prepared by Hatch Ltd. (“Hatch”) for the sole and exclusive use of Hydromega Services Inc. (the “Client”) for the purpose of assisting the Client in making decisions with respect to the Environmental Services for the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project (the “Project”).

Hatch acknowledges that this report may be provided to third parties provided that all such parties shall rely upon this report at their own risk and shall (by virtue of their receipt of the report) be deemed to have (a) acknowledged that Hatch shall not have any liability to any party other than the Client in respect of the report and (b) waived and released Hatch from any liability in connection with the report.

This report contains the expression of the opinion of Hatch using its professional judgment and reasonable care based on information available and conditions existing at the time of preparation.

The use of or reliance upon this report is subject to the following:

• The report being read as a whole, with sections or parts hereof read or relied upon in context;

• The conditions of the site may change over time (or may have already changed) due to natural forces or human intervention, and Hatch takes no responsibility for the impact that such changes may have on the accuracy or validity of the observations, conclusions and recommendations set out in this report; and

• The report is based on information made available to Hatch by the Client or by certain third parties; and unless stated otherwise in the Agreement, Hatch has not verified the accuracy, completeness or validity of such information, makes no representation regarding its accuracy and hereby disclaims any liability in connection therewith.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page i

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Organization of Report ...... 1-1 1.2 Project Rationale ...... 1-3 1.3 Project Title and Location ...... 1-3 1.3.1 Project Title ...... 1-3 1.3.2 Project Location ...... 1-3 1.4 Proponent Information ...... 1-4 1.5 First Nation Participation ...... 1-4 1.6 Proposed Project Dates ...... 1-4 1.7 Project Description ...... 1-5 1.7.1 Project Elements ...... 1-5 1.7.2 Project Construction ...... 1-8 1.7.3 Project Operation ...... 1-14

2. Assessment Methodology and Identification of Valued Ecosystem Components ...... 2-1 2.1 Assessment Methodology ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Significance of Residual Effects ...... 2-3 2.2 Project and Study Areas ...... 2-4 2.2.1 Project Area ...... 2-4 2.2.2 Study Area ...... 2-5 2.3 Valued Ecosystem Components ...... 2-6 2.4 Legal Framework ...... 2-15 2.5 Applicable Standards ...... 2-16 2.5.1 Environmental Standards and Guidelines Document – Ontario Waterways, July 2017 ...... 2-16 2.5.2 Parks Canada Cultural Resource Management (CRM) Policy, 2013 ...... 2-16 2.5.3 Canada’s Historic Places: Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada – A Federal, Provincial and Territorial Collaboration, 2010 ...... 2-17 2.5.4 Directive for Dam Safety Program of Parks Canada Dams and Water-Retaining Structures, 2009 ...... 2-17 2.5.5 PCA’s Rideau Canal and Trent Severn Waterway National Historic Sites of Canada: Policies for In-Water and Shoreline Works and Related Activities, 2007 ...... 2-17 2.5.6 Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan, 2000 ...... 2-17 2.5.7 Reference Guide on Physical and Cultural Heritage Resources, CEAA (1996) ...... 2-17 2.5.8 Parks Canada Guiding Principles and Operational Policies, 1994 ...... 2-18 2.5.9 PCA Operational and Design Criteria 2014 ...... 2-18

3. Engagement ...... 3-1 3.1 Federal and Provincial Engagement Requirements ...... 3-1 3.1.1 Federal Requirements ...... 3-1

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page ii

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

3.2 Stakeholder List ...... 3-2 3.3 Timing for Engagement ...... 3-3 3.3.1 Engagement during the IESO’s LRP Process ...... 3-3 3.3.2 Engagement during the DIA Process ...... 3-3 3.4 Public/Stakeholder Engagement ...... 3-3 3.4.1 LRP Engagement ...... 3-3 3.4.2 DIA Engagement ...... 3-5 3.5 Indigenous Engagement ...... 3-6 3.5.1 LRP Engagement ...... 3-6 3.5.2 DIA Engagement ...... 3-7 3.6 Agency Engagement ...... 3-8 3.6.1 LRP Engagement ...... 3-8 3.6.2 DIA Engagement ...... 3-8

4. Existing Environment ...... 4-1 4.1 Natural Environment ...... 4-1 4.1.1 Climate ...... 4-1 4.1.2 Air Quality ...... 4-1 4.1.3 Existing Sound Levels ...... 4-2 4.1.4 Physiography, Topography and Geology ...... 4-3 4.1.5 Seismicity ...... 4-4 4.1.6 Sediment Quality ...... 4-4 4.1.7 Hydrology ...... 4-5 4.1.8 Surface Water Quality...... 4-8 4.1.9 Fisheries Resources ...... 4-16 4.1.10 Wetlands ...... 4-28 4.1.11 Woodlands ...... 4-28 4.1.12 Vegetation and Vegetation Communities ...... 4-32 4.1.13 Terrestrial Wildlife ...... 4-34 4.1.14 Terrestrial Wildlife Habitat ...... 4-61 4.1.15 Species At Risk ...... 4-64 4.2 Social Environment ...... 4-72 4.2.1 Community Profile ...... 4-72 4.2.2 Land Tenure and Land Use Policies ...... 4-74 4.2.3 Tourism and Recreation ...... 4-75 4.2.4 Cultural Resources, Heritage and Archaeological Sites, Lands and Resources used for Traditional Purposes by Indigenous Communities ...... 4-76 4.2.5 Infrastructure ...... 4-80

5. Effects Assessment, Proposed Mitigation and Net Residual Effects during Project Construction ...... 5-1 5.1 Air Quality ...... 5-1 5.1.1 Sources of Effects ...... 5-1 5.1.2 Potential Effects ...... 5-1 5.1.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 5-2 5.1.4 Residual Effects ...... 5-3 5.2 Noise ...... 5-3 5.2.1 Sources of Effects ...... 5-3

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page iii

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.2.2 Potential Effects ...... 5-3 5.2.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 5-3 5.2.4 Residual Effects ...... 5-4 5.3 Riverbed Substrates ...... 5-4 5.3.1 Sources of Effects ...... 5-4 5.3.2 Potential Effects ...... 5-4 5.3.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 5-4 5.3.4 Residual Effects ...... 5-5 5.4 Hydrological Resources ...... 5-6 5.4.1 Water Quality ...... 5-6 5.4.2 Surface Water Hydrology and Hydraulics ...... 5-13 5.4.3 Groundwater ...... 5-14 5.4.4 Water Intakes, Wells and Septic Systems ...... 5-15 5.5 Aquatic Environment ...... 5-16 5.5.1 Sources of Effects ...... 5-16 5.5.2 Potential Effects ...... 5-16 5.5.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 5-17 5.5.4 Residual Effects ...... 5-18 5.5.5 Lake Whitefish ...... 5-20 5.5.6 Cisco ...... 5-21 5.5.7 Walleye ...... 5-23 5.6 Wildlife ...... 5-25 5.6.1 General Wildlife ...... 5-25 5.7 Species at Risk ...... 5-27 5.7.1 American Eel ...... 5-27 5.7.2 Lake Sturgeon ...... 5-28 5.7.3 River Redhorse ...... 5-30 5.7.4 Blanding’s Turtle, Eastern Musk Turtle, Northern Map Turtle and Snapping Turtle ...... 5-32 5.7.5 Eastern Whip-poor-will and Common Nighthawk ...... 5-33 5.7.6 Little Brown Bat, Northern Myotis, Tri-Colored Bat, Small-footed Bat ...... 5-34 5.7.7 Eastern Ribbonsnake and Eastern Milksnake ...... 5-35 5.8 Vegetation ...... 5-35 5.8.1 General Vegetation ...... 5-35 5.8.2 Invasive Vegetation ...... 5-38 5.9 Natural Heritage Features ...... 5-39 5.9.1 Wetlands ...... 5-39 5.9.2 Significant Woodlands ...... 5-41 5.10 Pollution ...... 5-43 5.10.1 Soils ...... 5-43 5.10.2 Spills ...... 5-46 5.11 Public Safety ...... 5-48 5.11.1 Sources of Effects ...... 5-48 5.11.2 Potential Effects ...... 5-48 5.11.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 5-48 5.11.4 Residual Effects ...... 5-49 5.12 Cultural Heritage ...... 5-49 5.12.1 Archaeological Resources – Non-Federal Lands ...... 5-49

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page iv

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.12.2 Cultural Heritage Resources – Non-Federal Lands ...... 5-50 5.13 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 5-52 5.13.1 Contribution of the Project to the Local Economy ...... 5-52 5.14 Use of Lands and Resources for Traditional Purposes by First Nations ...... 5-53 5.14.1 Sources of Effects ...... 5-53 5.14.2 Potential Effects ...... 5-53 5.14.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 5-53 5.14.4 Residual Effects ...... 5-54 5.15 Use and Enjoyment of Property ...... 5-55 5.15.1 Tourism and Recreation ...... 5-55 5.15.2 Traffic ...... 5-56 5.16 Accidents and Malfunctions ...... 5-57 5.16.1 Cofferdam Failure ...... 5-57 5.16.2 Flooding of Work Area ...... 5-58 5.16.3 Spills ...... 5-58 5.16.4 Accidental Fires ...... 5-59 5.17 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation during Project Construction ...... 5-60 5.18 Significance of Residual Effects ...... 5-75 5.19 Effect of the Environment on the Project during Construction ...... 5-84 5.19.1 Precipitation and Flooding ...... 5-84 5.19.2 Extreme Winter Conditions ...... 5-84 5.19.3 Extreme Icing Conditions ...... 5-85 5.19.4 Extreme Summer Conditions ...... 5-85

6. Effects and Mitigation during Facility Operation ...... 6-1 6.1 Air Quality ...... 6-1 6.1.1 Sources of Effects ...... 6-1 6.1.2 Potential Effects ...... 6-1 6.1.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 6-1 6.1.4 Residual Effects ...... 6-1 6.2 Noise ...... 6-1 6.2.1 Sources of Effects ...... 6-1 6.2.2 Potential Effects ...... 6-1 6.2.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 6-2 6.2.4 Residual Effects ...... 6-2 6.3 Hydrological Resources ...... 6-2 6.3.1 Water Quality ...... 6-2 6.3.2 Surface Water Hydrology and Hydraulics ...... 6-5 6.3.3 Water Intakes, Wells, Sewers and Septic Systems ...... 6-7 6.4 Aquatic Environment ...... 6-8 6.4.1 General ...... 6-8 6.4.2 Lake Whitefish ...... 6-21 6.4.3 Cisco (Lake Herring) ...... 6-23 6.4.4 Walleye ...... 6-24 6.5 Wildlife ...... 6-27 6.5.1 Sources of Effects ...... 6-27 6.5.2 Potential Effects ...... 6-27

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page v

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.5.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 6-27 6.5.4 Residual Effects ...... 6-27 6.6 SAR ...... 6-27 6.6.1 American Eel ...... 6-27 6.6.2 Lake Sturgeon ...... 6-30 6.6.3 River Redhorse ...... 6-31 6.6.4 Blanding’s Turtle, Eastern Musk Turtle, Northern Map Turtle and Snapping Turtle ...... 6-34 6.7 Vegetation ...... 6-34 6.7.1 Invasives Species ...... 6-34 6.8 Natural Heritage Features ...... 6-35 6.8.1 Wetlands ...... 6-35 6.8.2 Significant Wildlife Habitat ...... 6-36 6.9 Aesthetics ...... 6-36 6.9.1 Sources of Effects ...... 6-36 6.9.2 Potential Effects ...... 6-37 6.9.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 6-37 6.9.4 Residual Effects ...... 6-37 6.10 Public Safety ...... 6-37 6.10.1 Sources of Effects ...... 6-37 6.10.2 Potential Effects ...... 6-37 6.10.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 6-37 6.10.4 Residual Effects ...... 6-38 6.11 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 6-38 6.11.1 Contribution to the Local Economy ...... 6-38 6.11.2 Existing Sidney GS ...... 6-38 6.12 Use of Lands and Resources for Traditional Purposes by First Nation ...... 6-39 6.12.1 Sources of Effects ...... 6-39 6.12.2 Potential Effects ...... 6-39 6.12.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 6-40 6.12.4 Residual Effects ...... 6-40 6.13 Use and Enjoyment of Property ...... 6-40 6.13.1 Tourism and Recreation ...... 6-40 6.13.2 Navigation ...... 6-41 6.13.3 Visitor Education, Experience and Enjoyment at Trenton Lock 1 Dam ...... 6-42 6.14 Accidents and Malfunctions ...... 6-43 6.14.1 Unplanned Shutdown ...... 6-43 6.14.2 Spills ...... 6-44 6.14.3 Accidental Fires ...... 6-45 6.15 Facility Decommissioning ...... 6-46 6.16 Summary of Operational Effects and Mitigation ...... 6-46 6.17 Significance of Residual Effects ...... 6-54 6.18 Effects of the Environment on the Project during Operation ...... 6-59 6.18.1 Climate Change ...... 6-59 6.18.2 Weather-Related Effects ...... 6-59

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page vi

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

7. Effects to Channel Darter and its Critical Habitat during Facility Construction and Operation ...... 7-1 7.1 Existing Channel Darter Critical Habitat ...... 7-2 7.2 Sources of Effects ...... 7-3 7.3 Potential Effects ...... 7-3 7.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 7-3 7.5 Residual Effects ...... 7-5 7.5.1 Residual Effects to Channel Darter (Individuals) ...... 7-5 7.5.2 Changes to (Destruction and Permanent Alteration of) Channel Darter Critical Habitat ...... 7-5 7.5.3 Residual Effects to Channel Darter Critical Habitat ...... 7-6 7.5.4 Significance of Residual Effects to Channel Darter and Channel Darter Critical Habitat ...... 7-11 7.6 Summary of Effects to Channel Darter and Channel Darter Critical Habitat and Concordance with Section 73(3) Requirements ...... 7-13

8. Cumulative Effects Assessment ...... 8-1 8.1 Introduction ...... 8-1 8.2 Methodology of Cumulative Effect Assessment ...... 8-2 8.3 Cumulative Effects Assessment ...... 8-2 8.3.1 Scoping ...... 8-2 8.3.2 Identification of Mitigation Measures ...... 8-9 8.3.3 Evaluation and Determination of Significance ...... 8-10 8.3.4 Follow-Up Monitoring ...... 8-11

9. Environmental Monitoring Programs ...... 9-1 9.1 Pre-construction Compliance Review ...... 9-1 9.2 Construction Phase ...... 9-3 9.3 Post-Construction (Operational) Phase ...... 9-3

10. Summary ...... 10-1

11. List of References ...... 11-1

List of Tables Table 1-1: Feasibility of Tailrace Alternatives ...... 1-6 Table 2-1: Residual Effects Significance Criteria and Levels ...... 2-4 Table 2-2: New Temporary Access Roads and Potential Laydown Areas ...... 2-5 Table 2-3: Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) ...... 2-8 Table 2-4: List of Potential Permits and Approvals ...... 2-15 Table 4-1: Summary of Baseline Sound Level Monitoring Results ...... 4-3 Table 4-2: Monthly Flow (m3/s) for 1976 to 2016 (40-years) at Trenton Lock 1 Dam (Using Method 2) .. 4-6 Table 4-3: Summary of Surface Water Quality Sampling Results ...... 4-10 Table 4-4: Water Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen ...... 4-11 Table 4-5: Potential Permanent or Seasonal Resident Fish Species in the Extended Study Area ...... 4-19 Table 4-6: Potential Mollusc Species in the Extended Study Area ...... 4-24

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page vii

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 4-7: Assessment of Woodlands Within and Immediately Surrounding the Project ...... 4-30 Table 4-8: Mammals Potentially Occurring within the Extended Study Area and Their Conservation Status ...... 4-35 Table 4-9: Birds Potentially Occurring within the Extended Study Area and Their Conservation Status1 ...... 4-38 Table 4-10: Reptiles and Amphibians Potentially Occurring within the Extended Study Area and Their Conservation Status ...... 4-59 Table 4-11: Population Characteristics for the City of Quinte West, Hastings County and the Province of Ontario, 2016 ...... 4-72 Table 4-12: Total Experienced Labour Force by Occupation and Industry for the City of Quinte West and the Province of Ontario ...... 4-73 Table 5-1: Summary of In-Stream Work Requirements ...... 5-16 Table 5-2: Residual Effects to the Aquatic Environment (General) in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 5-19 Table 5-3: Potential Effects to Lake Whitefish Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 5-21 Table 5-4: Potential Effects to Cisco Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 5-22 Table 5-5: Potential Effects to the Walleye Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 5-24 Table 5-6: Potential Effects to American Eel Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 5-28 Table 5-7: Potential Effects to Lake Sturgeon Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 5-29 Table 5-8: Potential Effects to River Redhorse Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 5-31 Table 5-9: Estimates of Areas of Vegetation Communities to be Cleared ...... 5-38 Table 5-10: Summary of Potential Effects and Mitigation During Construction Phase ...... 5-61 Table 5-11: Assessment of the Significance Residual Adverse Effects Post-Construction ...... 5-76 Table 6-1: Mean, Maximum and Minimum Monthly Flows for Trent River ...... 6-6 Table 6-2: MNRF Forage Fish Swimming Speeds ...... 6-9 Table 6-3: Kaplan Turbine Fish Mortality Estimate ...... 6-11 Table 6-4: Potential Effects as a Result of Fish Entrainment and Impingement in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 6-12 Table 6-5: Invasive Species Known to or Possibly Inhabiting the Lower Reaches of Trent River and the Bay of Quinte ...... 6-14 Table 6-6: Expected Loss in Benthic Production ...... 6-18 Table 6-7 Operational Bypass Reach Wetted Area Scenarios ...... 6-19 Table 6-8: Potential Effects to Downstream Habitat and Biota in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 6-21 Table 6-9: Potential Effects to Lake Whitefish in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 6-22 Table 6-10: Potential Effects to Cisco in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 6-24 Table 6-11: Potential Effects to Walleye in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 6-26 Table 6-12: Potential Effects to American Eel in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act ...... 6-28 Table 6-13: Potential Effects to Lake Sturgeon in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act .... 6-31 Table 6-14: Potential Effects to River Redhorse in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act .. 6-33 Table 6-15: Invasive Vegetation Species Known to or Possibly Inhabiting the Lower Reaches of Trent River and the Bay of Quinte ...... 6-35 Table 6-16: Summary of Potential Effects and Mitigation during Operation Phase...... 6-47 Table 6-17: Assessment of the Significance of the Residual Adverse Effects during Operation ...... 6-55 Table 7-1: Channel Darter Life Stage Criteria ...... 7-2

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page viii

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 7-2: Existing and Future Channel Darter Critical Habitat by Life Stage ...... 7-6 Table 7-3: Changes to Channel Darter Critical Habitat by Project Component/Effect ...... 7-6 Table 7-4: Suitable Habitat Duration for Combined Life Stages ...... 7-8 Table 7-5: Suitable Adult Habitat Duration ...... 7-8 Table 7-6: Suitable Spawn to Larvae Habitat Duration ...... 7-9 Table 7-7: Suitable Juvenile Habitat Duration ...... 7-10 Table 7-8: Impacts and Concerns Related to Channel Darter ...... 7-15 Table 9-1: Pre-construction Compliance Review ...... 9-1 Table 9-2: Environmental Monitoring Program during Construction ...... 9-4 Table 9-3: Environmental Monitoring during Operations ...... 9-8

List of Appendices Appendix A Figures Appendix B Engineering Drawings

Appendix C Wildlife Habitat Assessment Tables

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page ix

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

1. Introduction Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP is proposing to develop a hydroelectric generating station at the site of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam located on the Trent-Severn Waterway within the City of Quinte West in Ontario, hereinafter referred to as the “Project”. The generating station is proposed to be built in conjunction with the replacement of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam by Parks Canada Agency (PCA) which is not part of the scope of the Project. The replacement of Trenton Lock 1 Dam by PCA is not included in this Detailed Impact Analysis (DIA) other than for the purpose of evaluating the potential for cumulative environmental effects. The Project and the replacement of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam will need to be well coordinated given both projects are constrained by similar timing and location.

The installed capacity of the proposed Project will be 7 MW, and the proposed Project will be connected directly to the Hydro One Networks Inc. (HONI) distribution system.

As the proposed Project is located on a federal waterway and subject to the federal Dominion Water Power Act (DWPA) administered by PCA, it is not subject to the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act (EAA), but will be subject to PCA’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, developed to fulfill the Agency’s requirements as a federal land manager under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA), 2012 (S.C. 2012, c.19, s. 52) as well as its legal and mandated obligations to protect Canada’s natural and cultural heritage. On June 15, 2017, PCA accepted the Project Description and the Director of Ontario Waterways has confirmed that a DIA be completed for the Project. This DIA has been developed to address requirements under Section 67 of the CEAA.

A draft Terms of Reference (TOR) for the Project was submitted on August 3, 2017 to PCA for review. Over the following months comments were received and consultation occurred with PCA leading to a final TOR submission to PCA on January 9, 2018. The TOR has formed the basis of this analysis. 1.1 Organization of Report This DIA has been organized into the following sections:

• Section 1 (this section) describes the Project, including a discussion of the Project background, purpose/need, alternatives considered and preferred alternative.

• Section 2 describes the assessment methodology, project and study locations, Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs), legal framework, and applicable standards

• Section 3 describes the Indigenous community, agency and public engagement processes that were followed and the results of engagement.

• Section 4 describes the existing natural and socioeconomic environments of the Extended Study Area.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Section 5 documents the potential adverse effects during project construction, identifies mitigation measures to be implemented to prevent/minimize adverse effects, identifies residual (net) effects that will remain following implementation of mitigation, and assesses the significance of adverse residual effects.

• Section 6 documents the potential effects during project operation, identifies mitigation measures to be implemented to prevent/minimize adverse effects, identifies residual effects that will remain following implementation of mitigation, and assesses the significance of adverse residual effects, including effects on climate change.

• Section 7 documents the potential effects on Channel Darter, an aquatic species at risk, and critical habitat during project construction and operation. It identifies mitigation measures to be implemented to prevent/minimize adverse effects, identifies residual effects that will remain following implementation of mitigation, and assesses the significance of adverse residual effects.

• Section 8 discusses cumulative effects and the significance of any residual cumulative effects.

• Section 9 describes the proposed construction, operational and follow-up monitoring programs.

• Section 10 presents a summary of this report.

• Appendix A contains the figures prepared for this DIA.

• Appendix B contains the preliminary conceptual engineering drawings.

• Appendix C contains the wildlife habitat assessment tables.

• Stakeholder Engagement Technical Support Document contains the record of all engagement activities.

• Baseline Noise Technical Support Document presents the results of the acoustical environment field studies.

• Aquatic Technical Support Document presents the results of the aquatic habitat and fish community field studies and other investigations.

• Surface Water Quality Technical Support Document provides the methodologies and results for surface water sampling.

• Terrestrial Technical Support Document outlines the terrestrial field studies completed and documented.

• Archaeology Technical Support Document provides the archaeological assessment report.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Cultural Heritage Technical Support Document provides the cultural heritage assessment report. 1.2 Project Rationale In 2014 the Independent Electricity System Operator’s (IESO) launched a competitive process for the procurement of new large renewable energy projects known as the Large Renewable Procurement (LRP) I Request for Proposals (RFP). IESO’s LRP process is an important component of Ontario’s ongoing commitment to building a cleaner and more sustainable energy system, and represents a key step in the province’s 2025 target for renewable energy to comprise approximately half of the province’s installed capacity.

Targets for LRP I included up to 300 MW of wind, 140 MW of solar, 50 MW of bioenergy and 75 MW of waterpower. The Large Renewable Procurement process was designed to strike a balance between early community engagement and achieving value for ratepayers. LRPs proposed through this process must have demonstrated site and resource due diligence as well engagement with the communities in which they were proposing to locate.

Of the 103 proposals received by the IESO from qualified applicants in September 2015, 16 contracts were offered to successful proponents on March 10, 2016, including a contract for the proposed Project. In total, contracts offered in early March represented 454.885 MW of wind, solar and hydroelectric energy capacity. 1.3 Project Title and Location

1.3.1 Project Title The title of the Project is the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project.

1.3.2 Project Location The proposed Project location is at the Trenton Lock 1 Dam located on the Trent-Severn Waterway within the City of Quinte West in Ontario. The Project will be connected directly to the HONI distribution system. The location of the proposed Project is presented in Figure 1-1 and site photos are provided in Figure 1-2.

The primary Project location is proposed to be located on Federal Lands owned by PCA, however, according to information provided by PCA (PCA, 2016a); the boundary of Federal Lands owned by PCA within the bed of the river extends only to the high-water mark. Accordingly, permanent Project components (e.g. tailrace components such as erosion control measures along the eastern bank and connection line) may be located on private lands owned by the City of Quinte West and/or other private lands.

The Proponent will identify and locate legal land boundaries and undertake and complete the land survey to the satisfaction of the Director of Water Power and register with Canada Lands. The approval and registration of the land survey will be undertaken and completed during the Interim Licence period.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Temporary Project components are currently proposed to be located on PCA freehold land, on PCA land leased/licenced to City of Quinte West (formerly City of Trenton), on private land owned by the City of Quinte West, and on lands owned by other private entities.

Figure 1-3 identifies land tenure within the vicinity of the Project. 1.4 Proponent Information Proponent: Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Contact: Daniel Gillenwater, Project Director Hydromega Services Inc. 1134, Ste-Catherine West, 12th Floor, Montreal (Quebec) H3B 1H4 514.392.9266 x108 [email protected]

Environmental Consultant: Hatch Ltd. Contact: Kathleen Vukovics, Environmental Coordinator 4342 Queen Street, Suite 300 Niagara Falls (Ontario) L8E 7J7 905.374.0701 x5343 [email protected] 1.5 First Nation Participation The IESO’s LRP process supports the participation of Aboriginal communities and/or local communities through a selection system favouring proposals with aboriginal or community participation. The Project was submitted as an Aboriginal participation project. Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP is a limited partnership between Hydromega Services Inc. and Dokis First Nation (via its own limited partnership). 1.6 Proposed Project Dates Construction of the Project is anticipated to commence in June 2019 with completion in June 2021.

The Proponent’s Commercial Operation Date (COD) is currently targeted for June 2021. As per the LRP Energy Procurement Contract, the IESO COD is March 09, 2024.

Subject to the schedule of the PCA replacement of Trenton Lock 1 Dam, the construction schedule for the Project may have to be revised.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

1.7 Project Description

1.7.1 Project Elements

1.7.1.1 Installed Capacity and Annual Energy Output The Project would have an installed capacity of 7 MW and provide approximately 30,000 MWh of renewable energy annually, enough to power nearly 3,000 homes.

Please refer to Appendix B for preliminary conceptual engineering drawings in support of the text provided below. It should be noted that final engineering details will be submitted for applicable regulatory approval in advance of the construction stage of the undertaking; as such, the details presented below are based on conceptual engineering design calculations and subject to some modification at the final design stage.

1.7.1.2 Intake Channel A 23-m wide by 45 m long intake channel will convey water from the Trent River into the powerhouse. The upstream limit of the intake channel will be excavated in the existing riverbed on a gentle slope, gradually increasing in elevation to meet the upstream existing river bottom (as per the engineering drawings in Appendix B). The intake channel will occupy an overall approximate surface area of 1,446 m2. The proposed approach velocity within the intake channel (start of intake to trashrack) was modeled by CIMA and ranges up to approximately 1 m/s at maximum generating flows (200 m3/s). As part of the DIA, any potential effects on the City of Quinte West water intakes and any potential for contaminated sediments will be taken into consideration in the placement of the intake channel.

1.7.1.3 Powerhouse The powerhouse will be constructed on the east bank of the existing (soon to be replaced) Dam 1. The approximate footprint would be 45 m in length and 23 m in width (see Appendix B) and occupies an area of approximately 1046 m2. The powerhouse will have low, visual to the viewscape to the Trent Severn Waterway National Historic Site. It will be constructed below grade with the roof at the existing ground level, allowing for continued use of the existing access road to Dam 1. The powerhouse and its ancillary structures will be constructed according to engineer-stamped plans to accommodate the weight of vehicles and equipment.

The intake structure within the powerhouse will include trashracks to protect the equipment from debris. Stoplogs located upstream of the turbines and the gates located downstream of the draft tubes would be included to allow dewatering of the water passages and turbines.

Ancillary equipment (electrical cabinet, hydraulic power units, HVAC, etc.) will be located inside the powerhouse. The control room would also be located inside the powerhouse.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

1.7.1.4 Turbines A typical low-head turbine is the most suitable type of turbine for this application, therefore given the range of flow and head, a double-regulated Kaplan was selected. This type of turbine allows the widest range of operation at low-head sites with considerable flow. The powerhouse will house two Kaplan turbines operating at a head varying from 2.5 to 5.5 m, with maximal nominal flows of 200 m3/s and minimum flows of 10 m3/s. The facility will be designed with a total nameplate capacity of 7 MW.

1.7.1.5 Tailrace Channel and Training Wall A tailrace channel and training wall are required to bypass the rapid and reach the full hydroelectric potential of the site.

As presented in Figures 1-4 to 1-8, five conceptual tailrace alternatives were considered in an effort to reduce potential environmental effects to fish habitat and the aquatic ecology of the area. Table 1-1 provides a preliminary discussion regarding project feasibility in consideration of each alternative. Table 1-1: Feasibility of Tailrace Alternatives

Tailrace Alternative Project Feasibility Alternative 1: Survey This is the alternative of reference, presented for securing the DWPA Survey and Permit Application Layout Priority Permits. Alternative 2: Narrow This alternative is similar to Alternative 1 but with a reduction of the tailrace Tailrace channel width by approximately 75%. Technical feasibility as well as financial viability is probable. Alternative 3: Narrow and This alternative consists of a shortened tailrace channel locating the end of the Shortened Tailrace tailrace within the Rapid Area, lessening the Bypass Reach area and thus reducing potential impacts to downstream fish habitat. Technical feasibility has been confirmed, however the Project Area location is at a low-head site and accordingly, any reduction of the gross head by shortening the tailrace will impact financial viability. Alternative 4: Inland This alternative consists of a tailrace channel located in part on land to minimize Tailrace adverse effects to fish habitat. The location of the City of Quinte West underground water tanks pose a technical constraint to development of this alternative, along with the lack of availability of adjacent lands to be acquired for development. Alternative 5: No Tailrace This layout consists of a minimal tailrace channel intended to reduce fish habitat disruption, however the Project Area is at a low head site and accordingly, any reduction of the gross head will impact the financial viability. Hydraulic modeling has concluded that this alternative would not be technically viable.

Based on the results presented in Table 1-1, Tailrace Alternatives 1 and 2 are viable alternatives for development. Alternatives 1 and 2 are comparable in terms of financial viability; however, Alternative 2 will result in significantly less (approximately 25%) impact to fish habitat. Accordingly, Alternative 2 was selected as the preferred alternative for consideration within this DIA. The preferred alternative has been refined based on comments received from PCA on the Project Description and is described below.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

A 160 m long, 12 m wide tailrace canal ending with a 50 m long flared exit will extend from the powerhouse in order to bypass the existing rapid. The tailrace canal would be constructed adjacent to the eastern bank. A concrete training wall (160 m long, 3-5 m wide) will be installed 3 m from the edge of the western side of the tailrace channel extending from the powerhouse to the start of the flared exit. The tailrace and training wall combine for a maximum width of 20 m. Bank stabilization will likely be required on the eastern side of the tailrace channel. At the end of the tailrace channel, the channel will be widened to bring the channel bed elevation to the natural riverbed elevation level.

As shown in Figure 1-9 the tailrace channel (2,650 m2), training wall (810 m2) and flow dissipation flare (1,531 m2) will occupy an overall surface area of approximately 4,991 m2. In total, the tailrace and flow dissipation flare construction would see the permanent alteration of approximately 4,181 m2 of existing fish habitat along the eastern bank of the Trent River. The construction of the training wall would result in destruction of 810 m2 along the eastern bank of the Trent River. The majority of the affected area will be located below the high-water mark; however, it is expected some small areas of the overall amount would be above the high-water mark, this exact number will be determined during the final design stages however, it is not expected to exceed values within Figure 1-9. The bottom elevation of the river varies between approximately 74 and 76 m above sea level (masl); the elevation of the new excavated tailrace would be approximately 66 masl (details and cross-sections are provided in Appendix B) in order to minimize head loss. The elevation would go from 66 masl at the beginning of the flare to 74 masl at the end of the flare. The natural elevation of the riverbed is 74 masl at the end of the flare.

The tailrace channel will be created through blasting and excavation. The additional excavation is necessary to obtain the full gross head potential of the site. It is estimated that the excavation of the tailrace channel will take approximately 2 months to complete.

1.7.1.6 Substation and Connection Line The Project includes an approximate 85 m long connection line (44 kV) that will connect the electrical substation to the existing HONI distribution line (44 kV) which crosses the Trent River at approximately 100 m south of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Approximately 70 m of the proposed connection line will be located on private land owned by the City of Quinte West.

A 4.16 kV/44 kV transformer substation would be erected adjacent to the powerhouse. Electricity generated by the turbine generators will be directed to the electrical substation where it will be connected with the main connection line described above. The area will be surrounded by security fencing. The dimensions of the substation will be approximately 20 m by 10 m. If an oil-type transformer is used, the substation design would include typical oil containment structures.

1.7.1.7 Dam and Bypass Gates Dedicated bypass would be required to discharge flow during load rejection, planned and/or unplanned stoppage; however, space is limited on the eastern bank and the addition of

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

dedicated bypass gates next to the powerhouse would be very complex and costly, therefore dedicated bypass gates are not proposed to be implemented alongside the powerhouse. Subject to further discussions with PCA and the implementation of an operating agreement, it is instead anticipated that the 120% of maximum powerhouse flow would be discharged through the bypass gate(s) within the new Trenton Lock 1 Dam during load rejection, planned and/or unplanned stoppage.

1.7.1.8 Site Access Permanent access to the site will be made via the existing Chester Rd. Temporary access roads to allow for equipment mobilization into the tailrace channel will be required (as described in Section 1.6.2.1.2).

1.7.1.9 Fish Habitat Enhancement and Restoration Fish Habitat Enhancement and/or restoration areas will be dependent on final Project design for both the hydroelectric facility and the dam replacement projects, subject to PCA and DFO requirements. Areas potentially available would include a portion of the tailrace channel as well as the plunge pool located downstream from Trenton Lock 1 Dam. These areas were identified as they would not result in destruction or alteration of additional critical Channel Darter habitat or spawning habitat for VEC species (See Section 6).

1.7.2 Project Construction

1.7.2.1 Site Access and Site Preparation

1.7.2.1.1 Site Survey and Staking Canadian and/or Ontario land surveyor will survey and stake the locations of the Project structures, including any buried and above-ground utilities, infrastructure and associated easements. Any designated environmental features (e.g., waterbodies, woodlands) and their setbacks may be demarcated and protected by means of staking, flagging, fencing or signage to prevent any intrusion into these areas by construction vehicles.

1.7.2.1.2 Site Access Access to site will be via Chester Road and then via roadways located on private lands (Quinte West). An existing paved roadway leads from Chester Road to the powerhouse. This existing access will be used during construction and operation of the Project. Two (2) new temporary roadways (the North Access and the South Access) will be required and will involve vegetation clearing (as necessary) and topsoil removal prior to the placement of a granular base. Ditches and culverts may be constructed or re/constructed, as necessary, to maintain drainage. Construction will utilize existing access roads (north) and paths (south) to the extent possible. Following construction, temporary roads will be removed and restored to pre-construction conditions or possibly further ecologically restored.

1.7.2.1.3 Trailer and Laydown Area The trailer and laydown area will be used to temporarily store equipment and material during the construction phase. No vegetation clearing, grading or grubbing is expected to be

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

required although some minor flattening of existing vegetation may occur. The Contractor will be required to remediate any damage to the trailer and laydown area following use.

1.7.2.1.4 Site Preparation Site preparation activities will occur following construction of access roads to the proposed site including the proposed laydown and trailer area. Erosion and sediment control (e.g., sediment fence, stabilization of exposed soils with seed and rolled erosion control products) will be installed as required throughout the proposed Project Area. Trees and large standing vegetation will be cleared from necessary areas, and will be scheduled to occur outside applicable sensitive timing windows for the breeding bird nesting period, or be subject to additional mitigation measures. Tree clearing will be limited to the peripheries of existing tracks to create new temporary access (North and South) on PCA and City of Quinte West lands as well as the bank area along the proposed tailrace location (see Figure 1-9)

Site preparation activities will also include grubbing (i.e., removal of stumps and other embedded woody debris, where necessary) removal of topsoil and site grading at the proposed Project Area, subject to archaeological review. Blasting may be required during site preparation, and will be conducted in accordance with regulatory requirements.

Staging and laydown activities/components may include temporary trailers, areas for equipment storage (e.g., rebar, formwork), storage for tools and small equipment, a settling pond or treatment area for sediment laden water (to be placed an appropriate distance from the water’s edge), as well as portable and contained washroom facilities.

Overburden soil is expected to be removed during site preparation throughout the proposed Project Area. All stripped and excavated overburden materials may be separated into topsoil and subsoil, and then stockpiled on site (laydown area (north)) for use during site restoration activities or for off-site disposal pending Contaminated Soils Testing. Excavated earth and organic materials will be reused on site in areas to be rehabilitated and revegetated following construction to the greatest extent possible. As per PCA Environmental Standard and Guidelines (PCA 2017), overburden material stockpiles may require special handling to ensure invasive seeds are not viable if the soil is to be reused on PCA’s lands. 1.7.2.2 Construction Sequence and Methodology The precise construction sequence of the Project has yet to be determined due to the added complexity of the reconstruction of Trenton Lock 1 Dam and the potential for synergies and coordination efforts with PCA.

Assuming independent and unconstrained construction, the construction sequence would be as proposed in the following sections. Please refer to Appendix B (Drawing G20) for conceptual construction sequence in support of the text provided below.

The Proponent will apply to PCA with the appropriate documentation for approval by the Director of the Ontario Waterways Directorate and In-Water and Shoreline Works Permit(s) will be issued by PCA for some of the works described below.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

1.7.2.2.1 Phase 1 – Mobilization and Site Preparation Phase 1 will consist of mobilization of the construction contractor to the site; construction and improvement of road access; preparation of trailer and laydown area and relocation of the City of Quinte West water intake piping. Phase 1 is anticipated to last from May 15 to July 15, 2019. Clearing of the vegetation alongside the proposed road access and tailrace channel would be completed in advance as per PCA’s Environmental Standards and Guidelines (ESG-5-PRE) which states that vegetation clearing work shall not be undertaken during the active bird breeding season (April 1 through August 31).

1.7.2.2.2 Phase 2 – Cofferdams and Training Wall Construction Phase 2 will consist of the construction of the upstream cofferdam, the training wall and the downstream cofferdam.

Construction equipment will travel on the upstream cofferdam as construction is progressing. Construction of the upstream cofferdam is anticipated to last from July 1 to September 15, 2019 respecting in-water timing windows.

Construction of the training wall and downstream cofferdam is anticipated to last from July 1 to October 15, 2019.

Dewatering will take place once the cofferdams are in place.

1.7.2.2.3 Phase 3 – Excavation and Powerhouse Construction Blasting of rock to design depth will occur during Phase 3. Blasting will follow Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) guidelines. Rock will be excavated and transported off-site for storage. Bank stabilization will also be conducted as excavation is progressing. Construction will involve drilling rigs, excavator, truck and hauling. Excavation is anticipated to take place from October 15 to December 15, 2019.

Construction of the powerhouse (erecting concrete and steel structures), installation of generating equipment as well as auxiliary equipment (HVAC, plumbing, lighting, etc.) will also occur during Phase 3. Powerhouse construction is anticipated to last from December 15, 2019 to February 15, 2021.

1.7.2.2.4 Phase 4 – Removal of Cofferdams/Construction Completion Once the powerhouse has been constructed and equipment has been installed, cofferdams will be removed. A small portion of excavation will be completed in water at that time (the downstream flaring end of the tailrace channel). Once excavation is completed, the blasted material and the road would be removed. A high-flow turbidity barrier would be installed around work area prior to in-water blasting and road removal. Phase 4 is anticipated to last from February 15 to March 15, 2021. In-water work will not be completed within the restricted in-water work timing window.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-10

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

1.7.2.3 Training Wall, Cofferdams and Dewatering The type of cofferdam and method of installation has not been determined at this time. The tender specifications to the construction contractor will indicate that a cofferdam must be installed in the river, but the type and methodology may be up to the contractor. The tender specifications will indicate that the cofferdam installation and removal must comply with the final DIA, the Environmental Management Plan, any environmental protection plans and all regulatory requirements (including any environmental standards and guidelines provided by PCA) with respect to environmental protection, particularly with respect to minimizing the potential for adverse effects due to sediment mobilization and deposition. In addition, timing restrictions for in-water work are provided in Section 5. Cofferdams are not to be constructed of aggregates alone as per PCA Environmental Standards and Guidelines 2017.

In order to limit the footprint of in-water structures, it is proposed, on a conceptual basis, to build the training wall in-water without the need of a cofferdam. Construction of the permanent training wall and temporary downstream cofferdam will require the placement of aggregates in the river to allow construction equipment to move and proceed with construction. Approximately 2 m of clean, coarse aggregate will be deposited on the riverbed as part of the road construction. Existing in-water material required to be removed from under the training wall and cofferdams would also be used to the extent possible. A travelling layer would be added to the base layer. The first section of road would span an area extending from the Trenton Dam 1 to approximately 100 m downstream. The downstream portion of the road (extending from 100 to 150 m) would be constructed as the training wall construction progresses in order to prevent sediment transport. A high-flow turbidity barrier would be engineered and installed parallel to the training wall prior to the construction of the road or training wall.

Once the road is in place (as per Phase 2), construction equipment would place steel structures in water in order to build the training wall. Levels of the steel structures and forming around the base would be completed and inspected by divers. Concrete trucks would then access the steel structure using the same road. Anti-washout concrete mixture would then be poured in place using the tremie method. Once the concrete has cured, drilling through the training wall would be completed and anchors would be installed to ensure training wall stability.

A small downstream cofferdam would be required to close the tailrace area and allow excavation. On a conceptual basis, the downstream cofferdam would consist of a low height cofferdam (concrete blocks, double wall system and/or aquadam) overlain with an impermeable membrane. The downstream cofferdam would occupy an overall surface of approximately 245 m2, most of which would be constructed within the currently wetted aquatic habitat. It is anticipated that the downstream cofferdam will be in place for approximately 19 months.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-11

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

On a conceptual basis, the upstream cofferdam would consist of a mixed structure including aggregates, sheet piles and a double-wall system. The structure would occupy an overall surface of approximately 1,260 m2, most of which would be constructed within the currently wetted aquatic habitat. It is anticipated that the upstream cofferdam will be in place for approximately 19 months. The upstream cofferdam will be designed so as not to limit discharge capacity of the newly built Dam 1 sluices.

Once the cofferdams are complete, the area between the two (2) cofferdams will be dewatered, with all water being pumped to a temporary settling pond (or alternative treatment measure) for treatment for turbidity and suspended solids, if required to meet discharge criteria.

A temporary dewatering system will be required to ensure that the work area remains dry throughout the duration of construction (melt water, rain water, upwelling, infiltration through cofferdams/training wall). Water will be pumped to the temporary settling pond (or alternative treatment measure) and then returned to the river if it meets the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) guidelines or is consistent with the existing river.

Dewatering of the site will be a significant activity and will be detailed in the Environmental Management Plan and submitted to PCA for review and acceptance. 1.7.2.4 Management of Blasted Rock The general procedure for drill and blast sequences is surveying, securing of the area, rock drilling, setting explosive charges, overlaying the charges with blast matting to control flyrock and dust, blasting followed by collection and removal of blast rock. Pre- and post-construction surveys of adjacent structures (Trenton Lock 1 Dam, water pumping station, water tanks, etc.) will be completed and adjacent structures will be protected from the blasting vibration to prevent damages. Alternatives to blasting may be used in close proximity of adjacent structures (drilling and hoe-ramming) to reduce vibration. The preliminary blasting details and plan will be provided in the Environmental Management Plan.

It is anticipated that 46,000 m3 of rock will be excavated during project construction. Rocks would be first moved to the laydown area (east) via heavy-haul trucks for processing. Processing could include crushing and washing for use on site. The majority of blasted rock would be transported from the laydown area (east) to local aggregate pits located in the vicinity of the Project. The final destination is unknown at this stage; however, the Proponent has initiated contacts will multiple local aggregate suppliers in the vicinity of the Project.

It is assumed that transport of the blast rock from site to aggregate supplier would be completed with trucks having a capacity of 10 m3 (in-situ) per trip; therefore 4,600 round trips would be required to dispose of the blast rock. The final destination and type of vehicle used for transport will take into account road surveys and road restrictions.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-12

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

A portion of the blast rock may be used on site for the purpose of bank stabilization and fish habitat enhancement. All blast rock to be re-used will be cleaned to remove explosive residues or fines accumulated during the blasting, storage or transport stages.

1.7.2.5 Construction Material and Waste Management During the construction period, electrical power will be provided by portable generators, operating on an as required basis, or temporary service by HONI.

Water, if required during the construction process, will either be sourced from off-site commercial water delivery operations or by pumping from the Trent River, subject to receipt of any necessary permits or approvals.

Concrete will be sourced from an off-site ready-mix supplier and brought on site by concrete delivery trucks. Concrete for small jobs may be mixed on site, and some minor amount of cement bag storage may be required on site.

Industrial liquids to be used on site during the construction process include toxic or hazardous materials such as fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, paints, sealants and others. All liquids are to be properly stored in designated areas away from the watercourse. All waste industrial liquid is to be transported off-site, by a designated waste hauler (if required) to a designated disposal site. A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be prepared and included in the Environmental Management Plan.

Solid wastes generated during construction will include domestic waste such as food and sanitary waste and construction waste such as material packaging and scrap material. Sanitary facilities on site are anticipated to include several portable self-contained toilets and washroom facilities in a crew trailer. All solid and sewage wastes must be contained and hauled off-site by a designated hauler throughout the construction period. Reuse or recycling of waste will be conducted, where feasible.

All cleared trees and shrubs are to be re-used to the extent possible (e.g. mulch for trails and/or landscaping). No burning of wood or slash is to occur on site.

1.7.2.6 Site Restoration Site restoration will occur during and following the final stages of Project construction and installation activities. The main objective will be to stabilize and re-instate vegetation within all areas disturbed by Project construction including temporary roads, laydown areas and restoration of the riverbank (where the cofferdams were tied to the bank for example). Site restoration will include the removal of all construction material, equipment, temporary facilities and waste from the Project Area. Topsoil will be redistributed where required, followed by finished grading, re-vegetation (with native species) and landscaping to achieve proper drainage.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-13

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

1.7.2.7 Construction Schedule The construction schedule must be defined considering the proposed works on Dam 1 to be completed by PCA. Discussions are on-going between the Proponent and PCA.

Construction could begin as early as May 2018, however, in order to coordinate works with PCA, construction is likely to start in June 2019 with a target date for commercial operation in June 2021. The schedule will be revised as more details are made available by PCA with regards to the Trenton Lock 1 Dam replacement activities.

1.7.3 Project Operation

1.7.3.1 Operating Strategy The Project will be operated for optimal power production, taking into consideration the objectives of the Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan (2000) which is charged with maintaining safe navigation along the canal system while balancing the many other approved uses as per the Historic Canal Regulations. Ultimately all water provided to the Proponent would be surplus to the needs of the Trent-Severn Waterway at the discretion of PCA. The facility will be designed and operated in compliance with the PCA Design and Operational Principles.

PCA will continue to manage flows and water levels on the Trent-Severn Waterway using its water control structures. To optimize generation at the powerhouse, the proponent is proposing that:

• all flows surplus to the requirements for ecological considerations, canal operations and municipal water taking be made available for discharge by the powerhouse.

• the upstream water level to be maintained year-round at 80.05 m.

The proposed Project would be operated in a run-of-river manner in order to maintain the water level immediately above Dam 1 at a proposed Target Operating Level (TOL) of 80.05 m year-round. Changes in flow through the powerhouse would be made in response to changes in flow in the river to maintain the headpond as close as possible to the TOL immediately upstream from the facility. Allowable margins shall be established by PCA (navigation levels are currently maintained between approximately 79.95 and 80.20 m).

In the event of a scheduled or unscheduled shutdown of the generating station, the flow would be transferred and discharged through Dam 1, subject to discussion with PCA and implementation of an Operating Agreement, to maintain the headpond at the TOL immediately upstream from the facility.

As stated above, the facility will operate as a run-of-river plant, which means that the flow rate entering the upstream end of the headpond will be equal to the combined flow through the powerhouse and Dam 1 at all times. Therefore, there will be no overall change in the flow in the Trent River. Bypass (ecological) flow will be given priority over operational flow, and is currently proposed to be 10 m3/s. This flow will be provided through Dam 1.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-14

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The following cases describe potential operating conditions based on the flow in the Trent River in Quinte West (Q_TRE):

• Case 1 (0 CMS < Q_TRE < 20 CMS): In this case, available flow for generation is below the minimum requirement of the powerhouse. All flow would be discharged by Dam 1.

• Case 2 (20 CMS ≤ Q_TRE ≤ 210 CMS): In this case, an ecological flow of 10 CMS would be discharged by Dam 1. Water in excess of the ecological flow would be discharged through the powerhouse.

• Case 3 (Q_TRE > 210 CMS): In this case, the discharge at the powerhouse is limited at 200 CMS. All flow in excess would be discharged by Dam 1 (this flow would be greater than the established ecological flow (10 m3/s).

There are three areas where proposed changes to water levels/flows may occur:

• Upstream of Dam 1: In the Upstream ZOI (defined in Section 2.2.2), the water level would only be impacted (increased during the non-navigation season) to the extent that the water level would be maintained at 80.05 m year-round. Flows would not be increased or decreased. Velocities would increase in the vicinity of the intake channel and decrease upstream of Dam 1 as most of the water would be discharged through the powerhouse.

• Between Dam 1 and Tailrace Channel End: In the tailrace channel and the Bypass Reach (defined in Section 2.2.2), flows, level and the velocity field would be increased or decreased, depending on flows in the river, as most water would flow via the tailrace channel.

• Downstream of Tailrace Channel End: In this Downstream Area (defined in Section 2.2.2), water level and flows would not be increased or decreased as all water would converge at this point. The velocity would be increased in the vicinity of the end of the tailrace channel as most of the water would be discharged through the tailrace channel.

A discussion on how these proposed changes would impact VEC (including users, navigation, OPG, etc.) is presented in Section 6 – Impacts during Operation.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 1-15

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

2. Assessment Methodology and Identification of Valued Ecosystem Components 2.1 Assessment Methodology This DIA has followed PCA’s Guide to the Parks Canada Environmental Impact Analysis Process (June 2015) (“Guide”) developed by PCA to fulfill its requirements as a federal land manager under the CEAA as well as its legal and mandated obligations to protect Canada’s natural and cultural heritage. According to PCA’s Guide, the DIA is intended for complex projects that require in-depth analysis of project interactions with valued components; that may affect a particularly sensitive environmental setting or threaten a particularly sensitive valued component. These types of projects may lead to high levels of concern from the public, partner or stakeholders and Indigenous peoples in relation to the potential for adverse effects. DIA is the most intensive form of EIA required by PCA and may require evaluation of alternatives, expert advice, and development of a follow-up monitoring program. In addition, this level of EIA requires public engagement, including:

• Notification from the Proponent, as delegated by PCA, to relevant parties (the public, stakeholders, Aboriginal peoples) of the decision to undertake a DIA for a project, and provide information on the planned EIA including a project summary, an overview of the valued components to be assessed, and an outline of planned review and engagement opportunities.

• Preparation of a Public Engagement Plan by the Proponent and submittal to PCA.

• Opportunity to review and comment on the DIA.

In addition, this DIA has considered the following policies, principles and guidelines:

• PCA Cultural Resources Management Policy, 2013

• PCA Directive for Dam Safety Program of Parks Canada Dams and Water Retaining Structures, 2009

• PCA Design and Operational Principles, 2016

• PCA Guiding Principles and Operations Policies, 1994

• Canada’s Historic Places: Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada – A Federal, Provincial and Territorial Collaboration, 2010

• PCA Rideau Canal and Trent Severn Waterway National Historic Sites of Canada: Policies for In-Water and Shoreline Works and Related Activities, 2007

• PCA Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan, 2000

• PCA Environmental Standards and Guidelines - Ontario Waterways, 2017

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Blasting in/near water will be conducted as per Guidelines for the Use of Explosives in or Near Canadian Waters (DFO, 2017)

• Environment Canada and PCA Addressing Species at Risk Act Considerations Under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act for Species Under the Responsibility of the Minister responsible for Environment Canada and Parks Canada, 2010

• PCA Screening Report: Instructions for SARA Specific Information Requirements in EA, January 2006.

Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) has confirmed in their letter of May 26, 2017, that the Ontario EAA – and therefore the Class Environmental Assessment for Waterpower Projects – does not apply to the Project. However, it is the MOECC’s position that provincial approvals such as Environmental Compliance Approvals should be obtained, as required and that although the Project is not subject to the provincial environmental assessment process, MOECC has requested to be involved in the review of the Project through the PCA’s EIA process, and to have the opportunity to review reports and provide comments on the Project. Comments received from interested provincial agencies with respect to the Project have been received and incorporated into this DIA as described in Section 3.

The following steps outline the methodology for this impact analysis:

1. Identification of the temporal and spatial boundaries based on the Project-environment interactions and therefore the potential to affect the environmental components.

2. Background data collection, identification of data gaps and the design and implementation of baseline studies to fill data gaps on the natural and socioeconomic features and conditions of the Extended Study Area.

Data was collected from the following sources:

• field investigations

• local government agencies

• input from the local community

• published sources (e.g., MNRF Natural Heritage Information Centre)

• existing documentation provided by PCA and others, as referenced herein.

3. Consideration of public, Indigenous community and agency issues and comments as a result of engagement.

4. Identification of the effects that are likely to occur on the environmental components as a result of implementing the Project based on information obtained on the existing conditions.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5. Determination of the likely environmental effects from malfunctions and accidents (such as spills and fires).

6. Determination of cumulative environmental effects that the Project may have, taking into consideration the combination of other past, present and future projects and activities within spatial and temporal boundaries identified that would have overlapping residual effects.

7. Identification of the effects of the environment on the Project (such as flooding and severe weather).

8. Development of mitigation measures to eliminate, alleviate or avoid the adverse effects where possible.

9. Determination of any residual effects and their significance and importance.

10. Design of a monitoring program to assess predicted effects and the effectiveness of mitigation and offsetting measures (as required).

2.1.1 Significance of Residual Effects A determination of the significance of any residual effects after mitigation is required. The determination of significance is based on CEA Agency’s Determining Whether a Project is Likely to Cause Significant Environmental Effects (FEARO, 1994).

To meet the provincial and federal requirements, the following significant criteria were used to identify the significance of the residual effects:

• value of the resource affected

• magnitude of the effect

• geographic extent of the effect

• duration and frequency of the effect

• irreversibility of the effect

• likelihood of the effect

• ecological and/or social context.

Table 2-1 provides the definitions for the levels of significance to meet federal and provincial requirements. The residual effects criteria are applied to each residual effect and a determination of level of effect is assigned. Significance is determined based on the results of this determination for each of the criteria.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 2-1: Residual Effects Significance Criteria and Levels

Residual Effects Effects Level Definition Criteria Low Moderate High Value/Importance Value/importance of Value/importance of resource Value/importance of of the Resource resource is low (i.e., is moderate (i.e., resource is resource is high (i.e., Affected resource is common/ neither abundant, nor scarce, unique to the area, or abundant or not considered or stakeholders view of scarce, or stakeholders of interest by stakeholders). interest, but not significant). view as significant). Magnitude Effect is evident only at or Effect exceeds baseline Effect exceeds (of effect) nominally above baseline (existing) conditions, but is regulatory criteria or (existing) conditions. less than regulatory criteria or published guideline published guideline values. values.

Geographic Effect is limited to the Effect extends beyond the Effect extends beyond Extent Project Area Project Area limits into the the Project Area and (of effect) adjacent local area (<500 m). into the regional area (>500 m). Duration and Effect is evident only during Effect is evident during the Effect is evident during Frequency construction activities and operational period and occurs the operational period (of effect) occurs infrequently and for infrequently and/or for short and occurs frequently short durations. durations. and for long durations.

Ecological Effect occurs in a region Effect occurs in a region with Effect occurs in a Context with low fragility (i.e., high moderate fragility (i.e., region with high fragility (of effect) resilience to effect). moderate resilience to effect). (i.e., low resilience to effect). Likelihood Effect has a low probability Effect has a moderate Effect has a high (of effect) of occurring. probability of occurring. probability of occurring. Reversible/ Defined as reversible (effected area returns to existing conditions (generally) immediately Irreversible (of or over time) or irreversible (effected area never returns to existing conditions). effect)

2.2 Project and Study Areas

2.2.1 Project Area

2.2.1.1 Primary Location and Size (Area) The primary location of the Project (Project Area) is shown in Figure 1-9. The total area of the primary Project location (intake channel, powerhouse, tailrace channel, electrical substation, transmission line, parking area and permanent private road) is approximately 11,715 m2. The powerhouse accounts for approximately 1,046 m2 of this area.

2.2.1.2 Temporary Locations and Sizes (Areas) The proposed new temporary access roads (north and south) and potential laydown areas (west, east and north) are also part of the Project Area shown in Figure 1-9. The estimated footprint size of the new temporary access roads, potential laydown areas and cofferdams are provided in Table 2-2 below.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 2-2: New Temporary Access Roads and Potential Laydown Areas

Off-Site Location Approximate Size (m2) New Temporary Access Road (north) 2,200 New Temporary Access Road (south) 1,065 Potential Laydown Area (west) 8,160 Potential Laydown Area (east) 5,325 Potential Laydown Area (north) 1,260 Upstream Cofferdam (footprint) 1,260 Downstream Cofferdam (footprint) 245

The area which will be temporarily occupied by the cofferdam(s) (part of the Project Area) will be dependent on the timing of construction of PCA’s Trenton Lock 1 Dam. The Proponent will consider PCA guidance on cofferdam construction in the Project design, if required. Approval of the cofferdam construction details as well as an In-Water and Shoreline Work Permit(s) will be required. Cofferdam design will follow PCA Environmental Standards and Guidelines 2017.

2.2.2 Study Area The Study Area includes the geographic areas within which environmental and/or social components have the potential to be affected by any of the Project phases and infrastructure such as access roads, construction work areas, project components (dam/spillway, powerhouse) and transmission/distribution lines, as well as operational activities including water management (flow and water level changes). Area definitions used throughout this DIA are presented in the following sections.

2.2.2.1 Extended Study Area The Extended Study Area takes into consideration the natural environmental components potentially affected by the Project. The Extended Study Area has been tailored to match the geographic extent of those potential effects. Although direct effects on the natural environmental components tend be confined to the Local Study Area, the indirect potential effects may extend into the surrounding vicinity due to movement of fish and wildlife and broader biophysical processes such as water flow and sediment transport as well as socioeconomic effects. The Extended Study Area is presented in Figure 2-1.

2.2.2.2 Local Study Area The Local Study Area encompasses all areas of Trent River directly connected without passage impedance to either the upstream or downstream of Trenton Dam 1 and extends from the entrance of Lock 1 to the downstream side of Sidney Dam 2 (See Figure 2-1).

2.2.2.3 Zone of Influence (ZOI) The ZOI is defined as the area both upstream and downstream of the proposed Project where there is a potential for effects to occur as a result of Project construction or operation.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The upstream and downstream ZOI are defined below. The use of the term ZOI within this DIA refers to the upstream and downstream ZOI collectively.

2.2.2.3.1 Upstream Zone of Influence (Upstream ZOI) The Upstream ZOI is the area upstream of Dam 1 with the potential to be affected by the construction or operation of the Project. The Upstream ZOI extends from the upstream side of Dam 1 to the downstream side of Sidney Dam 2. The Upstream ZOI is presented in Figure 2-2.

2.2.2.3.2 Downstream Zone of Influence (Downstream ZOI) The Downstream ZOI is the area downstream of Dam 1 with the potential to be affected by the construction or operation of the Project and extends downstream to the Lock 1 entrance canal confluence located approximately 700 m downstream of Trenton Lock 1 Dam. The Downstream ZOI is presented in Figure 2-2.

2.2.2.4 Plunge Pool The Plunge Pool is the area immediately downstream of Trenton Lock 1 Dam as illustrated in Figure 2-3.

2.2.2.5 Rapid Area The Rapid Area is located immediately downstream of the Plunge Pool as identified in Figure 2-3.

2.2.2.6 Bypass Reach The Bypass Reach is the area within the Trent River where water is diverted through the tailrace and includes both the Plunge Pool and Rapid Area. The Bypass Reach is illustrated in Figure 2-3.

2.2.2.7 Downstream Area The Downstream Area is the remaining area within the Downstream ZOI exclusive of the Bypass Reach. 2.3 Valued Ecosystem Components VECs (as well as their spatial and temporal boundaries) have been identified for the Project to be assessed within this DIA. VECs have been identified to satisfy both Federal and Provincial regulatory requirements, relevant to the proposed Project, and in consideration of engagement with PCA, DFO, MNRF, MOECC and Aboriginal communities.

Preliminary comments on the Baseline Terrestrial Investigations and Project Description for the Project have also been received from the MNRF on September 21, 2016 based on a background information review of the Project Area and the MNRF’s knowledge and mandate in the protection of natural heritage features, fisheries management, species at risk (SAR), and management for Provincial Crown lands. MNRF’s preliminary comments have also been considered in the identification of VECs.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

During the course of agency engagement, Channel Darter (Percina copelandi), American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) and River Redhorse (Moxostoma carinatum) have been identified by PCA and/or DFO as federal species listed under SARA, furthermore Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and Walleye (Sander vitreus) have been identified by the MNRF as provincial species of interest. Furthermore, Hatch identified utilization of the Local Study Area by Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Lake Herring/Cisco (Coregonus artedi), both of which are native species considered part of commercial, recreational or aboriginal (CRA) fishery under the Fisheries Act and are identified in MNRF’s Fish Community Objectives for Lake Ontario (2013, updated in 2017). These species have therefore been included as VECs in this assessment of the Project.

As per the requirements described in PCA Generic TOR for Preparation of a Detailed Environmental Impact Analysis (2014) the impact analysis will “provide a thorough description of the predicted impacts on natural or cultural resources and characteristics of the environment that are important to key visitor experience objectives as a result of the development, future operation and maintenance. These impacts will be quantified where feasible. Off-site requirements such as staging areas, temporary or permanent storage or parking areas, will also be identified and quantified where feasible. For each heading, an estimate of temporal and spatial limits of potential impacts should be provided (i.e. short-term construction period vs. long-term operation).” Accordingly, Table 2-3 has been prepared to identify the VECs (as well as their spatial and temporal boundaries) that will be assessed within this DIA. This list represents those VECs which have been identified through agency, First Nation and stakeholder consultation in addition to professional judgement. No other VECs have been identified throughout this process.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 2-3: Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs)

Sub-VECs VECs (Where Issues and Rationale Temporal Limits Spatial Limits Applicable) Natural Environment Air Quality N/A Impacts on air quality could occur due to fugitive dust emissions Effects are Effects limited to the and emissions of combustion by-products from equipment and possible during Extended Study Area. vehicle use. construction and MOECC identified, dust and flyrock as a result of blasting as an operation (use of issue of interest (MOECC, 2016) emergency Blasting may occur during construction and accordingly, impacts generator) to the surrounding area will be contemplated. The study area for the purpose of assessing potential effects will be limited to the blast radius. Noise Temporary and As per MOECC, potential noise impacts from generating stations Effects are Effects limited to the permanent noise and transformers should be identified in the DIA. Air discharges possible during Extended Study Area. impacts to nearby and noise sources may require approval under Section 9 of the construction and residents Environmental Protection Act (EPA). (MOECC, 2016) operation Riverbed N/A Existing riverbed substrates will be excavated for the construction Effects will be Effects limited to the Substrates of the Project and may contain chemicals of potential concern. limited to Local Study Area. construction. Hydrological Water Quality MOECC identified impacts to surface water quality as an issue of Effects are Effects could extend Resources interest (MOECC, 2016) possible during beyond the Extended construction and Study Area operation Surface Water MOECC identified impacts to flow as an issue of interest Effects are Effects limited to the Hydrology and (MOECC, 2016) possible during Local Study Area Hydraulics construction and operation Groundwater MOECC identified impacts to base flows and groundwater levels Effects will be Effects limited to the as an issue of interest (MOECC, 2016) limited to Local Study Area. construction.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub-VECs VECs (Where Issues and Rationale Temporal Limits Spatial Limits Applicable) Water Intakes, Upstream excavation and other construction activities, as well as Effects are Effects limited to the Wells, Sewers the installation of the intake for the Project may result in potential possible during Local Study Area and Septic effects to the City of Quinte West water intakes. construction and Systems MOECC identified impacts to water intakes, wells and septic operation systems as an issue of interest (MOECC, 2016) Impacts to water intakes, wells and septic systems must be considered during the construction and operation of the Project, limited to the footprint of the Project. Aquatic Cisco (Lake Destruction of Habitat of commercial Species as well as species Effects are Effects limited to the Environment Herring) identified in MNRF Lake Ontario Fish Community Objectives possible during Downstream ZOI Coregonus artedi construction and operation Lake Whitefish Destruction of Habitat of commercial, recreational or Aboriginal Effects are Effects limited to the Coregonus (CRA) species as well as species identified in MNRF Lake possible during Local Study Area. clupeaformis Ontario Fish Community Objectives construction and operation Walleye Destruction of Spawning Area of CRA species as well as species Effects are Effects limited to the Sander vitreus Identified in MNRF Lake Ontario Fish Community Objectives possible during Local Study Area. construction and operation Wildlife General Wildlife In addition to SAR identified herein, loss or damage to habitat for Effects are Effects limited to the common species of wildlife and other potentially adverse effects possible during Local Study Area. remain possible. construction and In addition, potential impacts to wildlife will correspond to the operation spatial and temporal extent of any potential noise impacts as well as impacts to water quality. SAR American Eel Destruction of Habitat of Species listed under the Endangered Effects are Effects limited to the Anguilla rostrata Species Act (ESA) (Endangered) & Committee on the Status of possible during Local Study Area. Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) (Threatened) construction and Species Identified in MNRF Lake Ontario Fish Community operation Objectives

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub-VECs VECs (Where Issues and Rationale Temporal Limits Spatial Limits Applicable) Channel Darter Destruction of habitat within Critical Habitat Polygon - ESA Effects are Effects limited to the Percina copelandi (Threatened) and SARA (Threatened) possible during Downstream ZOI. construction and operation Lake Sturgeon Potential Destruction of Habitat of ESA (Threatened), COSEWIC Effects are Effects limited to the Acipenser (Threatened) Species, Aboriginal Harvested Species as well as possible during Downstream ZOI fulvescens Species Identified in MNRF Lake Ontario Fish Community construction and Objectives operation River Redhorse Destruction of Spawning Area for ESA (Threatened) and SARA Effects are Effects limited to the Moxostoma (Special Concern) possible during Downstream ZOI carinatum construction and operation Blanding’s Turtle ESA (Threatened), COSEWIC (Threatened), SARA (Threatened Effects are Effects limited to the Emydoidea – Schedule 1). Suitable habitat is not present within the proposed possible during Local Study Area. blandingii Project Area; however, suitable habitat is found adjacent to the construction and proposed Project Area, upstream of the existing dam where operation wetlands are present. MNRF has documented occurrences of this species within 1 and 5 km from the Project. Potential impacts to this species should be considered. This species was not observed during the site investigations. Eastern Musk ESA (Special Concern), COSEWIC (Special Concern), SARA Effects are Effects limited to the Turtle (Threatened – Schedule 1). The Eastern Musk Turtle is known to possible during Local Study Area. Sternotherus occur in the Trent River (COSEWIC, 2012). Site investigations construction and odoratus confirmed the presence of this species downstream of the ZOI operation within the Trent River and suitable habitat was noted within the Project Area and Local Study Area. Furthermore, MNRF has documented occurrences of this species within 1 to 5 km from the Project. Potential impacts on this species should be considered. Northern Map ESA (Special Concern), COSEWIC (Special Concern), SARA Effects are Effects limited to the Turtle (Special Concern – Schedule 1). The site investigations confirmed possible during Local Study Area. Graptemys the presence of this species along the Trent River. An adult construction and geographica individual was observed basking on a log during the June 3 site operation visit. MNRF also has documented occurrences of this species

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-10

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub-VECs VECs (Where Issues and Rationale Temporal Limits Spatial Limits Applicable) within 1 and 5 km from the Project. Potential impacts on this species should be considered. Snapping Turtle ESA (Special Concern), COSEWIC (Special Concern), SARA Effects are Effects limited to the Chelydra (Special Concern – Schedule 1). Suitable habitat is present within possible during Local Study Area. serpentina and surrounding the proposed Project Area. Although not construction and observed during the site investigations, this species has the operation potential to occur. MNRF has documented occurrences of this species within 1 to 5 km from the Project. Potential impacts on this species should be considered. Eastern Whip- Habitat for SAR birds, bats and snakes has the potential to occur Effects will be Effects limited to the poor-will within the Project Area and therefore potentially adverse effects limited to Local Study Area. Caprimulgus (i.e. from noise) are possible. construction. vociferus Common Effects will be Effects limited to the Nighthawk limited to Local Study Area. Chordeiles minor construction. Little Brown Bat Effects will be Effects limited to the Myotis lucifugus limited to Local Study Area. construction. Northern Myotis Effects will be Effects limited to the Myotis limited to Local Study Area. septentrionalis construction. Tri-Colored Bat Effects will be Effects limited to the Perimyotis limited to Local Study Area. subflavus construction. Small-footed Bat Effects will be Effects limited to the Myotis leibii limited to Local Study Area construction Eastern Effects will be Effects limited to the Ribbonsnake limited to Local Study Area. Thamnophis construction. sauritus sauritus

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-11

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub-VECs VECs (Where Issues and Rationale Temporal Limits Spatial Limits Applicable) Eastern Effects will be Effects limited to the Milksnake limited to Local Study Area. Lampropeltis construction triangulum Vegetation N/A No rare, endangered or special resource vegetation species have Effects will be Effects limited to the been identified; however, loss or damage and other potentially limited to Local Study Area. adverse effects to common vegetation remains possible. construction Invasive Invasive vegetation is currently onsite and throughout the region. Effects are Effects limited to the Vegetation Construction activities have the potential to spread invasive possible during Local Study Area. species as well as introduce new species to site., The spreading construction and of such organisms should be avoided. operation Natural Heritage Wetlands Construction and operation of the Project have the potential to Effects are Effects limited to the Features cause adverse effects to wetlands. possible during Local Study Area. construction and operation Significant MNRF has recommended that the assessment consider potential Effects are Effects limited to the Woodlands effects to natural heritage features (MNRF, 2016). The possible during Local Study Area. construction and operation of the Project has the potential to construction and result in adverse effects to woodlands. operation Significant MNRF has recommended that the assessment consider potential Effects are Effects limited to the Wildlife Habitat effects to natural heritage features (MNRF, 2016). The possible during Local Study Area. construction and operation of the Project has the potential to construction and result in adverse effects to Wildlife Habitat. operation Pollution Soil MOECC identified contaminated soils as an issue of interest Effects are Effects limited to the (MOECC, 2016) possible during Local Study Area. construction and operation Spills MOECC identified spills as an issue of interest (MOECC, 2016) Effects are Effects could extend possible during beyond the Extended construction and Study Area operation

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-12

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub-VECs VECs (Where Issues and Rationale Temporal Limits Spatial Limits Applicable) Cultural Features Aesthetics Potential impacts to site aesthetics as well as local and distant Although, Effects limited to the views, including potential adverse effects during construction construction Local Study Area. activities. activities will be visible during construction, effects will only be assessed for the operation period. Public Safety Construction activities have the potential to result in potentially Effects are Effects limited to the adverse effects to public safety. In addition, operation of the possible during Local Study Area. Project will represent a risk to public safety, although this risk will construction and be effectively mitigated by appropriate measures for the operation protection of the public. Cultural Archaeological Potential impacts to archaeological resources must be assessed Effects will be Effects limited to the Heritage Resources in accordance with relevant provincial (under the Ontario Heritage limited to Local Study Area. Act) and federal legislation. construction Cultural Heritage Potential impacts to cultural heritage resources must be assessed Effects are Effects limited to the Resources in accordance with relevant provincial (under the Ontario Heritage possible during Local Study Area. Act) and federal legislation. construction and A cultural heritage assessment of the proposed undertaking is operation intended to identify cultural heritage resources including built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes and the impact of the development to cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources, specifically displacement and disruption. Displacement occurs when cultural heritage features are removed as part of the development of the proposed undertaking. Disruption, or indirect impact, occurs through the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not consistent with the setting or the character of the cultural heritage features.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-13

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub-VECs VECs (Where Issues and Rationale Temporal Limits Spatial Limits Applicable) Socio-Economic Contribution of Contribution to the local economy must be considered in Effects are Effects could extend Environment the Project to the assessing the effects to the social environment. possible during beyond the Extended local economy construction and Study Area. operation Existing, OPG operation of the Sidney GS immediately upstream of the Effects will be Effects limited to Local Upstream proposed Project may be impacted by modifications to water limited to Study Area. Hydroelectric levels. operation. Station Use of Lands N/A Engagement with potentially interested and affected First Nations Effects are Effects limited to the and Resources is currently ongoing to determine any potential effects. possible during Local Study Area. for Traditional construction and Purposes by operation First Nations Use and Tourism, Access will be restricted in certain area and will prevent some Effects are possible Effects limited to the Enjoyment of Recreation and activities (navigation, fishing, walking on trails). during construction Local Study Area. Property Navigation Modification to water levels and velocities may impact area and operation available for navigation. Traffic Construction traffic disruption to local traffic on routes used, Effects will be Effects limited to the causing delays. limited to Local Study Area. construction Visitor education, As the first lock on the Trent-Severn Waterway, the Lock at Effects are Effects limited to the experience and Trenton Lock 1 Dam is critical to visitor experience and must be possible during Local Study Area. enjoyment at considered in the assessment of effects to the social environment. construction and Trenton Lock 1 The Project in conjunction with the replacement of Trenton Lock 1 operation Dam Dam should be implemented to result in a positive effect.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-14

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

2.4 Legal Framework Table 2-4 provides a preliminary listing of the environmental permits/approvals that may be required for the Project. There may be a need for additional permits, pending more information on construction details and the detailed design of the Project. Table 2-4: List of Potential Permits and Approvals

Responsible Agency Permit/Approval Description Federal Fisheries and Oceans Authorization under Authorization for serious harm to fish. Canada (DFO) Section 35 of the Fisheries Act PCA Species at Risk Act (SARA) Required if adversely affecting a species listed Permit under SARA. CEAA Approval Required by PCA as a Federal Land Manager under Section 67 of CEAA. In-Water and Shoreline Works Regulations respecting the Management, Permit under the Historic Maintenance, Proper Use and Protection of the Canal Regulations Historic Canals Administered by the PCA. Research and Collection Authorization to conduct research and/or any Permit collections of any kind excluding SAR on lands regulated by PCA. Dominion Water Power Act Authorized water power development on Federal (DWPA) Lands (survey permit, priority permit, plan Dominion Water Power approvals, interim and final licences). Regulations (DWPR) Authorization for some preliminary construction operation (site preparation, clearing, work other than actual construction). Transport Canada Authorization under Authorization for construction in Navigable Waters (TC) Navigation Protection Act (NPA) Provincial MNRF ESA Permit Necessary if the proposed Project components, not located on Federal lands were to kill, harm or harass a designated species. License to Collect Fish for Application must be submitted and approved prior to Scientific Purposes any collections or capture of fish within Ontario waters, does not include SAR. MOECC EAA Approval subject to the No requirements for transmission lines 2 km or less Class EA for Minor and operating at a nominal voltage of <115 kV. Transmission Facilities Environmental Compliance Required to approve temporary settling pond design Approvals (application to and discharge during construction. components located on Required to approve oil/water separator and other federal lands to be confirmed) containment systems.

Required to approve transformer oil containment

system.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-15

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Responsible Agency Permit/Approval Description Required for temporary or permanent sewage holding tanks/treatment facilities. Required where wastes are hauled to a disposal site. Approval required to authorize emissions from permanent back up diesel. May be required to authorize noise emissions from the operating facilities. Waste Generator Registration Required for construction and for the operating facilities. Ministry of Tourism, Archaeological Assessment, Required prior to any ground disturbance on non- Culture and Sport Marine Archaeological federal lands. (MTCS) Assessment and Cultural Heritage Assessment Clearance. Other Lower Trent Permit under the Required for development within environmentally Conservation Development, Interference sensitive areas (non-federal lands) such as Authority (LTCA) with Wetlands and Alterations wetlands, shorelines, and waterways. to Shorelines and Watercourses Regulation (O. Reg. 163/06) City of Quinte West Building Permits May be required for construction of Project components not located on Federal lands (i.e. Proposed Connection Line).

2.5 Applicable Standards

2.5.1 Environmental Standards and Guidelines Document – Ontario Waterways, July 2017 PCA has developed environmental standards and guidelines to provide PCA’s expectations regarding the minimum standards to mitigate potential environmental effects during construction, maintenance and repair projects on Ontario Waterways. The Document provides information for pre-construction works and activities such as erosion and sediment control, construction works and activities such as cofferdam design, blasting, and post- construction works and activities such as revegetation.

2.5.2 Parks Canada Cultural Resource Management (CRM) Policy, 2013 PCA’s CRM Policy provides policy requirements for managing the wide range of cultural resources administered by Parks Canada. The objective of PCA’s CRM Policy (2013) is to “ensure that cultural resources administered by Parks Canada are conserved and their heritage value is shared for the understanding, appreciation and enjoyment of present and future generations.”

The Project will be developed and implemented in accordance with Parks Canada's CRM Principles and Policies.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-16

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

2.5.3 Canada’s Historic Places: Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada – A Federal, Provincial and Territorial Collaboration, 2010 These Standards and Guidelines have been adopted by government bodies and major municipalities across Canada helping to create a culture of conservation to preserve Canada’s unique and irreplaceable heritage for successive generations. Regular use in the field by federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments, heritage conservation professionals, heritage developers and many individual Canadians has provided the practical experience and insights to formulate additional guidance on categories of historic places such as cultural landscapes, archaeological sites, modern buildings and engineering works.

2.5.4 Directive for Dam Safety Program of Parks Canada Dams and Water-Retaining Structures, 2009 The PCA Dam Safety Directive (2009) prescribes that dams and water-retaining structures owned by PCA, such as the Trenton Dam 1 shall be operated and maintained in safe conditions based on those prescribed requirements. The proposed Project will be operated and maintained in accordance with Park Canada’s Dam Safety Directive.

2.5.5 PCA’s Rideau Canal and Trent Severn Waterway National Historic Sites of Canada: Policies for In-Water and Shoreline Works and Related Activities, 2007 The objective of this document is to provide direction for the construction of in-water and shoreline works and related activities associated with the development and use of waterfront properties adjacent to the Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site of Canada.

2.5.6 Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan, 2000 This Plan is intended to put the following concepts into practice: the protection of the cultural and natural heritage, management of the water levels, maintenance of through-navigation and presentation of waterway heritage to the public; the potential for the Trent-Severn Waterway to be a major heritage tourism destination and the provision of excellent facilities, services and programs which provide strength to the local economy; co-operative efforts of all stakeholders and clearly defined leadership; private public partnership, creation of new services, programs and businesses, tax revenues and re-investment by PCA.

2.5.7 Reference Guide on Physical and Cultural Heritage Resources, CEAA (1996) Under the CEAA, physical and cultural heritage resources must be considered when undertaking a federal environmental assessment. The focus of this guide is on describing an approach for assessing the environmental effects of a project on tangible cultural heritage resources in environmental assessments conducted under the Act. The Proponent has engaged Amick Consultants to complete both Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Assessments of the Project on non-federal lands. Guidance from PCA has been received to undertake assessment of potential terrestrial archaeological resources. However, guidance from PCA is necessary to undertake an assessment of any marine resources on the Federal lands associated with the Project. Accordingly, those assessments of Federal lands have not

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-17

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

been undertaken as of the date of this report, but will be undertaken in accordance with PCA’s requirements prior to construction of the Project.

2.5.8 Parks Canada Guiding Principles and Operational Policies, 1994 The Parks Canada Guiding Principles and Operational Policies guides the efforts, designation and management by PCA to ensure that the record of Canada’s past, the rich diversity of wild spaces and species, the beauty and grandeur of Canada’s lands and seas, and the cultural character of Canada’s communities are not inadvertently lost over time. The objective of one such policy, the Historic Canals Policy, is to “foster appreciation, enjoyment and understanding of Canada’s historic canals by providing for navigation; by managing cultural and natural resources for purposes of protection and presentation; and by encouraging appropriate uses.

2.5.9 PCA Operational and Design Criteria 2014 The PCA Operational and Design Criteria 2014 have been prepared to provide Applicants under the Dominion Water Power Regulations (DWPA) with key design and operational considerations to be addressed in an application made under Section 3 of the DWPR. The proposed Project will be designed and operated in accordance with PCA’s criteria.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 2-18

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

3. Engagement Comments via letters, telephone calls, meetings and emails have been received regarding the Project. These have become part of the record of Public, Agency and First Nation issues and concerns. This section provides a summary of engagement activities and concerns identified. A complete and detailed log of all correspondence is presented in the Stakeholder Engagement Technical Support Document (TSD). 3.1 Federal and Provincial Engagement Requirements

3.1.1 Federal Requirements The CEA Agency has prepared two guidance documents related to public and First Nation engagement: (i) Ministerial Guideline on Assessing the Need for and Level of Public Participation in Screenings under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA, 2006), (ii) Public Participation Guide: A Guide for Meaningful Public Participation in Environmental Assessments under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA, 2008). The following sections provide a description of these documents.

3.1.1.1 Ministerial Guideline on Assessing the Need for and Level of Public Participation in Screenings under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act The Ministerial Guideline states that “the public should have an opportunity to have a say in decisions that affect their lives through a meaningful public participation process. For a public participation program to be meaningful, it should exhibit [specific elements]”. These are listed as early notification, accessible information, shared knowledge, sensitivity to community values, reasonable timing, appropriate levels of participation, adaptive processes and transparent results.

This Guideline also lists the following as the main objectives of a meaningful engagement process:

• to identify public support or concerns regarding the Project

• to promote transparency and accountability in government decision-making

• to inspire confidence in the environmental assessment process

• to improve the environmental assessment process and the Project by incorporating community knowledge, Indigenous traditional knowledge and public ideas and opinions where appropriate

• to identify and share various viewpoints of the Project

• to contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the environment by supporting development that is environmentally and economically sustainable

• to provide opportunities for the public to influence the planning of a project and its design before irrevocable decisions are made.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

In clarifying the responsibilities of the proponent as identified in the CEAA, the Ministerial Guideline on Assessing the Need for and Level of Public Participation in Screenings states that “with respect to Aboriginal participation, the Act requires that all environmental assessments consider the effects of any environmental change arising from a project on the current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous peoples. In addition, the CEAA allows for the use of community knowledge and Indigenous traditional knowledge in conducting environmental assessments”.

Engagement planning for the Project took into consideration the above recommendations in consulting Indigenous communities during the environmental assessment of the Project (through direct communication, submittal and invitation to comment on the Project Description and invitation to be present during the archaeological assessment work).

3.1.1.2 Public Participation Guide: A Guide for Meaningful Public Participation in Environmental Assessments under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act The Public Participation Guide has been prepared by the CEA Agency to provide an “explanation of the requirements for public participation under the CEAA, particularly in the context of screenings. As well, it presents “best practices and tools for planning, implementing and evaluating meaningful public participation” (CEAA, 2008).1

The Guide addresses responsibilities regarding public participation and engagement and provides a detailed framework for public participation. With respect to the framework, it suggests, for example, that developing, implementing and evaluating a plan that provides guidance for identifying and contacting interested parties, for selecting the appropriate type of engagement activity, for establishing appropriate timelines and documenting engagement results. These have been incorporated throughout the public and Indigenous communities’ engagement activities for the Project as presented in the following sections and detailed appendices. 3.2 Stakeholder List During the IESO’s Large Renewable Procurement Process, and then at the beginning of the DIA process, a list of stakeholders (including federal, provincial and municipal agencies, non- governmental organizations, local businesses, Indigenous communities, etc.) that could either be affected by the Project or that could have an interest in the Project was developed. As correspondence regarding the Project was received during engagement activities, these names were added to the stakeholder list. As notifications were required [e.g. of a Public Information Centre (PIC)], the list of stakeholders were sent the notification. A copy of the current stakeholder mailing list is provided in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

1 As per the CEAA website (last updated 2016): This document provides guidance on environmental assessment under the provisions of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act as amended on July 12, 2010. It has not been updated to reflect changes to the process introduced in the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

3.3 Timing for Engagement Engagement is undertaken in two (2) periods: during the IESO’s LRP Process and during the DIA process.

3.3.1 Engagement during the IESO’s LRP Process Early engagement or pre-DIA engagement was conducted during the IESO’s Large Renewable Procurement (LRP) as a requirement during that process and covers a period ending with the Proponent awarded the LRP Contract for Dam 1 on March 10, 2016 to be referred to as the LRP Engagement.

3.3.2 Engagement during the DIA Process Preparation of DIA and formal engagement was initiated following execution of the LRP Contract. This will be referred to as the DIA Engagement during the DIA process in the following sections. 3.4 Public/Stakeholder Engagement

3.4.1 LRP Engagement As per the LRP I RFP requirements, the Proponent prepared a Community Engagement Plan to detail the consultation activities that would be undertaken during the LRP I RFP process, the objectives of which were to:

• identify interested parties and stakeholders

• engage in communication early in the development process with interested parties and stakeholders

• consult with affected communities and first nations

• provide detailed information on the Project

• identifying interested parties and stakeholders’ concerns in order to consult at all stages of the development

• discuss potential mitigation measures to limit impacts, including

 define period when construction activities should be limited to not impact boating season

 when possible, procuring local business for supply of equipment and services.

A copy of the Community Engagement Plan from the LRP process is included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

3.4.1.1 Notice of Public Community Meeting – July 2015 Notices of the public community meeting were published in the Belleville Intelligencer on July 20 and 21, 2015. In addition, the notices of public community meetings were delivered to:

• every assessed owner of property located within 120 m of the boundaries of the properties that, in whole or in part, constitute the Site, and every assessed owner of property within 120 m of the proposed connection line

• every assessed owner of property abutting the properties that, in whole or in part, constitute the Site, and every assessed owner of property on which the proposed connection line is to be situated

• every Indigenous Community that, in the judgment of the LRP Registered Proponent, acting reasonably, may be affected by or otherwise interested in the LRP or proposed connection line (notifications were sent to Curve Lake First Nation, Alderville First Nation, Hiawatha First Nation and Tyendinaga Mohawk First Nation)

• the clerk of each Municipality in which the LRP or proposed connection line is proposed to be situated

• the secretary‐treasurer of any Planning Board that has jurisdiction in an area in which the LRP or proposed connection line is proposed to be situated

• the Director, Environmental Approvals Access and Service Integration Branch, Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change

• the secretary‐treasurer of each conservation authority established by or under the Conservation Authorities Act, RSO 1990, c C.27 or a predecessor thereof in whose jurisdiction the Project is proposed. (Notifications were sent to Lower Trent Conservation as well as Quinte Conservation).

A copy of the notice of public community meeting is included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

3.4.1.2 Public Community Meeting – August 5, 2015 The proponent held a public community meeting in the City of Quinte West on August 5, 2015 from 6:30 PM to 9:00 PM at the auditorium at the Quinte West Arena. The intent of the public community meeting was to provide preliminary information on the Project and allow local communities to highlight issues, concerns, as well as identify impacts and benefits in relation to the Project.

Project representatives including the Director of Development and Construction Manager (Hydromega) as well as the Environmental Coordinator (Hatch) attended the public community meeting to provide information about the Project and responded to questions from stakeholders. The Senior Realty Advisor-Water Power with PCA was also on site during the public community meetings.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The meeting was planned as a PIC whereby the public were invited to review several posters providing information on the Project, including but not limited to site considerations, general arrangement, experience of the proponent, etc. A copy of these posters is included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

Members of the public were invited to sign-in and provide comments on the Project as well as the PIC material. One (1) person attended the PIC and was in favour of the Project, not raising any particular concerns. The Meeting Summary Report prepared for the Project is included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

3.4.1.3 Press Release, April 12, 2016 On April 12, 2016, the Proponent released a press release announcing the award of a LRP I RFP Contract for the Project in the City of Quinte West, Ontario. A copy of this press release is provided in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

3.4.2 DIA Engagement

3.4.2.1 Distribution of Project Description, June 23, 2017 The Proponent provided members of the stakeholder mailing list with a copy of the Project Description and an invitation to provide comments. The following sections describe the comments received by public stakeholders of the Project.

3.4.2.1.1 Response from Ontario Power Generation (OPG), July 25, 2017 OPG responded to the distribution of the Project Description on July 25, 2017 with a request for additional information regarding the proposed changes to the water level operating regime and requesting an assessment of the impact to the tailwater of the Sidney GS.

3.4.2.1.2 Response from Cascades Containerboard Packaging, August 28, 2017 The Proponent received a response from Cascades stating concerns related to future changes to the bank and potential effects to the mill’s MOECC approved landfill. Cascades also identified that there are remains of a munitions plant on their property, and may be a concern near the proposed (southern) access road. The concerns have been addressed in the Project design and have been considered in the construction activities proposed for the Project. The Proponent met with Cascades on August 29, 2017 to discuss the Project, site access potential impacts during construction and operation and provided Cascades with a response on August 31, 2017 with information about the proposed location of the tailrace in proximity to their property as well as modelling results to demonstrate the expected velocities alongside their property.

3.4.2.1.3 Public Information Session To be completed at a later stage.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

3.5 Indigenous Engagement

3.5.1 LRP Engagement

3.5.1.1 Public Community Meeting – August 5, 2015 As described in Section 3.4.1 Indigenous Communities that may be affected by or otherwise interested in the LRP or proposed connection line were sent a notice regarding the Public Community Meeting for the proposed Project. Accordingly, notifications were sent to Curve Lake First Nation, Alderville First Nation, Hiawatha First Nation and Tyendinaga Mohawk First Nation. No community members of these Indigenous communities identified themselves as the meeting’s sole attendee.

3.5.1.2 Email to/from PCA, September 4, 2015 The Proponent reached out to PCA in September 2015 to inquire as to whether any engagement was undertaken by PCA during the LRP process. Hydromega also inquired as to whether PCA had any recommendations in terms of First Nation engagement and whether they were aware of any issues or claims in relation to the Project Area.

PCA indicated that they are not aware of any issues or land claims in the area and that PCA had not performed any early engagement with the nearby Indigenous communities for the Hydro Project. PCA recommended that any engagement would be first initiated through the LRP process by the applicant and subsequently through the DIA (if awarded a Priority Permit) to address the Duty to Consult (where applicable). PCA did confirm that the First Nations that have been engaged in the past on hydro projects in this area included Alderville, Hiawatha, Curve Lake, and Scugog First Nations.

3.5.1.3 Written Correspondence from the Manager of Indigenous Relations at PCA on April 8, 2016 Hydromega was provided written correspondence from the Manager of Indigenous Relations at PCA on April 8, 2016. PCA clarified that engagement should initially include all seven Williams Treaties First Nations including: Alderville First Nation; Beausoleil First Nation; Curve Lake First Nation; Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation; Hiawatha First Nation; Chippewa’s of Rama First Nation; Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation.

Hydromega provided a response to PCA on April 8, 2016 with a description of Hydromega’s past experience in engaging First Nation communities as well as the proposed structure for the Project.

3.5.1.4 Engagement with Specific First Nation Communities Correspondences were exchanged between the Proponent and Curve Lake First Nation, Hiawatha First Nation, Alderville First Nation and Tyendinaga Mohawks First Nation regarding the development of the Project, identity of the Proponent, timing for the Public Community Meeting and the establishment of the basis for future engagement.

First Nations generally welcome the invitation for future engagement, stated that the Site was located within traditional territory/treaty land.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

A detailed log of correspondence is included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

3.5.2 DIA Engagement

3.5.2.1 Correspondence from PCA’s Ontario Waterways Directors Office, April 3, 2016 PCA sent correspondence to the Williams Treaties First Nations on April 3, 2016 to provide information regarding the infrastructure improvements within national historic sites, national parks and national marine conservation areas across Canada including on the Trent-Severn Waterway. PCA identified their Manager of Indigenous Relations Ontario Waterways as a point of contact to work jointly in developing an engagement process.

This correspondence was provided to the following communities: Alderville First Nation, Beausoleil First Nation, Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation, Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation, Chippewas of Rama First Nation, Curve Lake First Nation, and Hiawatha First Nation.

3.5.2.2 Written Correspondence from PCA, July 21, 2016 PCA provided written correspondence to the Williams Treaties First Nation to introduce the agency’s exploration of the development of small waterpower sites within or adjacent to existing infrastructure along the Trent-Severn Waterway and in particular to introduce Hydromega Services Inc. as having successfully awarded a contract under the LRP program.

This correspondence reiterated Hydromega’s intention to work with the Williams Treaties First Nations. The purpose of PCA’s correspondence was also to determine the level of engagement that the First Nation wish to be engaged in and that the agency is very open to moving forward in a direction that the Williams Treaties First Nations requests.

3.5.2.3 Distribution of Project Description, June 23, 2017 Hydromega provided Chief and Council with a copy of the Project Description and an invitation to comment. This correspondence was provided to the following communities: Alderville First Nation, Beausoleil First Nation, Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation, Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation, Chippewas of Rama First Nation, Curve Lake First Nation, Hiawatha First Nation and the Tyendinaga Mohawk First Nation (Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte).

No written comments have been received to date.

3.5.2.4 Engagement with Specific First Nation Communities Correspondences were exchanged between the Proponent and Curve Lake First Nation, Hiawatha First Nation, Alderville First Nation, Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation, Beau Soleil First Nation, Chippewas of Georgina Island, Chippewas of Rama First Nation and

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Tyendinaga Mohawks First Nation regarding the development of the Project, identity of the Proponent, timing for the Public Community Meeting and the establishment of the basis for future engagement.

A detailed log of correspondence is included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD. 3.6 Agency Engagement

3.6.1 LRP Engagement As per the LRP I RFP requirements, Hydromega prepared a Site Consideration, a Community Engagement Plan and held a Community Meeting. Documents were forwarded to a number of agencies including: PCA, DFO, EC, INAC, the MNRF (Ontario), the MOECC (Ontario), the City of Quinte West, LTCA and Quinte Conservation.

3.6.1.1 Federal Agency Engagement

3.6.1.1.1 Survey Permit Application A Survey Permit Application under the DWPA was forwarded to PCA on June 26, 2015 providing a summary description of the applicant and the Project. PCA issued a Survey Permit on August 21, 2015.

3.6.1.2 Municipal Engagement Hydromega met with the City of Quinte West, on June 16, 2015, to provide a brief description of the LRP process and the Project. The City of Quinte West voiced their concerns with regards to potential impacts to the water pumping station and water tanks.

Hydromega made a presentation at the Council Meeting on August 10, 2015 detailing the Project, the LRP process and asking for formal support from the city. The city provided a resolution of support on the same day. The resolution’s sole purpose was to enable the Proponent to receive rated criteria point under the LRP.

3.6.2 DIA Engagement

3.6.2.1 Federal Agency Engagement Engagement with federal agencies (including PCA, DFO and TC) was conducted during the preparation of the DIA. A number of documents were prepared and submitted to federal agencies for review and comments including the Project Description, the Terms of References, Terrestrial Report and the Aquatic Habitat and Resources Report (including Channel Darter habitat modelling).

A detailed log of correspondence and copies of relevant correspondence and Meeting Minutes are included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

3.6.2.2 Provincial Agency Engagement Engagement with provincial agencies (including MOECC, MNRF, MTCS and LTCA) was conducted during preparation of the DIA. A number of documents were prepared and submitted to provincial agencies for review and comments including the Project Description,

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Terrestrial Report and the Aquatic Habitat and Resources Report (including Channel Darter habitat modelling).

A detailed log of correspondence is included in the Stakeholder Engagement TSD.

3.6.2.3 Municipal Engagement

3.6.2.3.1 City of Quinte West 3.6.2.3.1.1 Email, Water/Wastewater Services, April 20, 2016 Hatch contacted the Compliance Coordinator at the City of Quinte West on April 20, 2016 to obtain water quality information. Raw water quality data was provided on April 20, 2016 and has been incorporated into Hatch’s Surface Water Quality Report prepared for the Project. 3.6.2.3.1.2 Email Notification of Project Contract, March 9, 2016 The Proponent notified the City of Quinte West that the Project had been awarded a contract with the IESO under the LRP process on March 9, 2016. 3.6.2.3.1.3 Meeting with the City of Quinte West and PCA, May 10, 2016 Hydromega met with the City of Quinte West and PCA to discuss the Project. 3.6.2.3.1.4 Meeting with Director, Planning and Development Services and Manager, Water and Wastewater Services, City of Quinte West, August 29, 2017 Hydromega met with the City of Quinte West on August 29, 2107 to discuss the Project, site access, potential impacts during construction and operation and pedestrian access.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 3-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4. Existing Environment 4.1 Natural Environment Information used to characterize the natural environment was obtained in conducting literature reviews of relevant published articles and government documents along with review of information on government websites such as those of DFO, PCA, MNRF, MOECC and LTCA were undertaken. Correspondence and discussions with agency representatives also provided additional existing data. New information was collected by way of field surveys. The terms: Extended Study Area, Local Study Area, Project Area, Upstream ZOI, Downstream ZOI, Plunge Pool, Bypass Reach and Downstream Area are used in the same way as defined in Section 2 of this report and on Figures 2-1 to 2-3.

The existing natural environment is described in the following sections.

4.1.1 Climate The closest active climate station to the Project Area is the Trenton A station, situated in the City of Quinte West, approximately 3 km northeast of the Project Area. During the period of January 1953 to August 2017, the daily average temperature at this station was 7.3ºC, with a maximum average monthly temperature of 23.9ºC in July and a minimum average monthly temperature of -14.2ºC in January (EC, 2017h). Annual precipitation averaged 879.4 mm, 18% of which fell as snow. September and November were typically the months with the most precipitation, while January and February were the driest (least precipitation) months (EC, 2017h). The extreme maximum temperature for the period was 35.6ºC, which occurred in June 1964 and July 1966, while the extreme minimum temperature of -35.1ºC occurred in January 1994 (EC, 2017h). Prevailing winds are from a southwesterly direction with an average speed of 16.7 km/hr. The maximum recorded daily average and instantaneous gust wind speed were 42.1 km/hr. and 222 km/hr. (July 1993), respectively. (EC, 2017h).

4.1.2 Air Quality In Ontario, the primary parameters used to measure air quality, through the Air Quality Index (AQI), include sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total reduced sulphur compounds, carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter. These parameters are measured by the MOECC at one long-term monitoring station at a Belleville Water Treatment Plant, which is located approximately 22 km northeast of the Project Area (see Figure 4-1). Although this monitoring location is somewhat removed from the City of Quinte West, air quality conditions at this site are thought to be generally representative of regional air quality conditions in the City of Quinte West area.

For 2016, there were no instances of high-risk or very high-risk Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) readings at the Belleville air quality monitoring station, (MOECC, 2017). The AQHI was rated as being of moderate risk in 25 instances, with the first instance being on May 24 and the last occurring on September 20. The concentration of Ozone was typically the main

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

contributor to the Moderate AQHI ratings. All other days of the year were rated as low-risk (MOECC, 2017)

Ground level ozone, commonly referred to as smog, is formed from the reaction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) with hydrocarbons in air while in the presence of sunlight. In 2016, the mean ozone concentration at the Belleville station was 31 parts per billion (ppb) while the maximum 1-hr concentration was 96 ppb and the maximum 24-hour concentration was 64 ppb. For comparison, the Ontario Ambient Air Quality Criteria (AAQC) for ozone is 80 ppb over a 1-hr period (MOECC, 2017). At the Belleville station, this criterion was exceeded 12 times in 2016 (MOECC, 2017). The recommended Canada-wide standard for ozone, to be achieved by 2020, is 62 ppb, averaged over an 8-hr period (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME), 2014).

Particulate matter in the air includes aerosols, smoke, fumes, dust, ash and pollen. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is particulate matter that is 2.5 microns in diameter and smaller. PM2.5 in Ontario is largely made up of sulphate and nitrate particles, elemental and organic carbon and soil (MOECC, 2008). The annual mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration at Belleville in 2016 was 5.5 µg/m3 (MOECC, 2017). For comparison, the 3 recommended Canada-wide Standard for PM2.5, to be achieved by 2020, is 27 µg/m averaged over a 24-hr period (CCME, 2014). This level was exceeded 12 times in 2016 at the Belleville station.

The annual mean nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentration at Belleville in 2016 was 6.7 ppb (MOECC, 2017). In 2016, the maximum 1-hr and 24-hr readings were 145 ppb and 36.6 ppb, respectively (MOECC, 2017). NOx is a precursor to low-level ozone development and also contributes to the formation of acid precipitation. The AAQC for NOx is 200 ppb over a 24-hr period and 400 ppb over a 1-hr period (MOECC, 2017).

4.1.3 Existing Sound Levels The noise environment of the Local Study Area mainly consists of acoustic emissions from surrounding industrial facilities, regional roadways, Highway 401, a CN Rail line to the north and the sound of rushing water through the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam. The existing acoustical environment is indicative of a Class 1 area, where the background sound level is dominated by activities of people and traffic, often referred to as “urban hum” (MOECC, 2013)

Baseline sound measurements were completed between November 29 and December 2, 2016, at two points of reception (PORs). Each of the two PORs was located within a residential community. The first was 280 m east of the Project Area and the other 750 m southwest of the Project Area. Table 4-1 summarizes the minimum baseline one-hour equivalent sound levels (Leq) for day, evening, and night, at each POR. The minimum baseline 1-hr Leq is compared to the MOECC Class 1 Performance Exclusion Limit for the respective time of day in the table. The comparison shows that existing levels are below the exclusion limits. Therefore, as per the MOECC 2013 guidelines, the exclusion limits become the final acoustic performance limits for the Project.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 4-1: Summary of Baseline Sound Level Monitoring Results

Minimum Exclusion Limit Final Performance Limit Monitoring POR ID (1-hr Leq, dBA) (1-hr Leq, dBA) (1 hr. Leq, dBA) Location Morn. Even. Night Morn. Even. Night Morn. Even. Night POR #1 Creelman Ave. 35 34 33 50 50 45 50 50 45

POR #2 64 Delany Ave. 35 36 35 50 50 45 50 50 45

For additional details regarding the existing noise environment, baseline study and environmental submission requirements to demonstrate community noise compliance, refer to Baseline Noise TSD.

4.1.4 Physiography, Topography and Geology

4.1.4.1 Physiography The Local Study Area is mainly situated on the low sloping plains between Lake Ontario to the south and Highway 401 to the north. The Study Area lies within the Nappanee Plains physiographic region, which consists of a flat-to-rolling limestone that remained after the overburden was stripped during the last glacial period (Chapman & Putnam, 1984). The physiographic landform consists of two types: Limestone plains to the east of the Local Study Area and elongated drumlins filled with stratified clay on the west of the Local Study Area (Putnam & Chapman, 2007).

4.1.4.2 Topography General topography is flat to rolling, with spot elevations ranging from approximately 75 to 170 masl within a few kilometres in all directions of the Local Study Area. The Trent-Severn Waterway is the main topographic feature in the Local Study Area.

4.1.4.3 Surficial Geology As a result of glaciation, overburden material found in this general region is only a few inches thick (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). The geology of the Trent-Severn Waterway is mainly Paleozoic bedrock with deposits of older alluvial sediments and till along the riverbank (OGS, 2003). The Project Area is composed of older alluvial deposits along the eastern bank of the Trent-Severn Waterway with till located on the southern section of the site.

4.1.4.4 Bedrock Geology Bedrock underlying the proposed site is Limestone of the Shadow Lake Formation, which spans from Kingston to Georgian Bay. The formation consists of Limestone, dolostone, shale, arkose and sandstone as part of the Ottawa Group and Simcoe Group (OGS, 2016). The thickness of this rock unit is reported to be approximately 2 to 3 m (Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, 2011).

PCA provided results from geotechnical investigations (Aecom, 2011) conducted as part of Trenton Lock 1 Dam Safety Review which indicated that “weathered limestone with constant

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

shale bedding throughout” was encountered down to depth of 14.1 and 14.7 m in two (2) nearby borehole locations (eastern abutment-CH-AB-18 and easternmost pier-CH-17). The Proponent will be completing additional boreholes in spring 2018.

4.1.5 Seismicity According to Natural Resources Canada’s “2015 Seismic Hazard Map of Ontario”, the Local Study Area is situated within an area of low to moderately low seismic hazard. In general, the northwest bank of Lake Ontario has a relatively low level of seismic activity. Recent activity includes a 3.4 magnitude earthquake that occurred in 2009, 56 km east of Fort Erie, and a 3.2 magnitude earthquake that occurred in 2009, 10 km east of Constance Bay. Both quakes were of low magnitude and no known damage occurred. There are no historical earthquakes of 5 magnitude or more within 200 km of the Project Area (NRCan, 2016)

4.1.6 Sediment Quality The following section is a summary of a Canal Sediment Investigation Report conducted by BluMetric Environmental Inc. (BluMetric) on behalf of PCA.

Samples of riverbed sediment were collected by BluMetric between August 31 and September 1, 2016. A total of 11 surficial and subsurface sediment samples were collected using a ponar grab sampler and the hammer corer in the vicinity of the Project Area (Upstream ZOI). Sample locations are presented in Figure 4-2. All sediment samples were submitted to Maxxam Analytics for testing for a suite of parameters including:

• Metals and Inorganics

• Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs)

• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

• Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX)

• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PSBs

• Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

• Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) compound from samples along the east bank and eastern extent of the dam face.

The results were compared to CCME and/or MOECC guidelines, results of the analysis are provided below:

• Sediments sampled within the Local Study Area exceeded CCME and/or MOECC guidelines for metals, PAHs and/or PCBs.

• One (1) sample collected approximately 50 m upstream (TD5-1) of the Project Area exceeded CCME and Provincial Soil, Ground Water and Sediment Standards for mercury

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

and various PAHs. This sample was further tested for PFAS. It was found to have no detectable concentrations of PFAS. However, the Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) detection limit was above the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP) guidelines.

• One (1) sample taken approximately 150 m upstream (TD4-1) of the Project Area exceeded applicable guidelines for one PAH compound (2-methylnaphthalene), while three additional PAH compounds had elevated detection limits above applicable guidelines and PFOS detection limit exceeded interim FCSAP guidelines for PFOS in soil.

Potential sources of chemical of potential concerns (COPC) to the sediment at Trenton Lock 1 and Dam 1 as identified by BluMetric are lumber operations and wood treatment, railway operations, automotive recycling and metal scrapping, mining operations, general industry, and firefighter training area. The associated COPCs identified with these activities are VOCs, PHCs, PCBs, PAHs, and PFAS. COPCs were identified during the 2016 BluMetric investigation upstream of Trenton Dam 1, as well as upstream and downstream of the canal. Impact to the sediment is likely related to historical industrial activities along the Trent Severn Waterway (BluMetric Environmental Inc., 2017).

4.1.7 Hydrology The Trent-Severn Waterway originates from two major watersheds; the Trent and the Severn. The severn watershed drains westward towards Georgian Bay while the Trent watershed flows south-easterly draining into Lake Ontario via Bay of Quinte. The Trent River watershed is approximately 12,500 km2 in size, with headwaters originating at the southern end of Algonquin Park. In total 218 lakes are within the Trent watershed. Many Trent watershed lake levels are controlled by dams with 37 of the larger lakes influenced by dams.

CIMA+ conducted a review of the available flow data with the intention of obtaining a reliable flow series at the location of the Trenton Dam 1. Agencies contacted by CIMA to obtain flow data included Water Survey of Canada (WSC), PCA and OPG (OPG operates several generating stations on the Trent River)..

Flow at site was estimated using the following methods: • Method 1 The WSC gauge 02HK004 is the closest measuring station to the site. It is located on the Trent River and experience very similar regulation than the studied site. It has an over 30-years long series of record. Its watershed is 12000km², representing approximately 96% of the site drainage area. The flow coming from the sub-basin between the gauge and the site is not regulated, so transposition of gauge 02HK004 by the use of ratio of drainage areas is not recommended. Instead, a flow series from the sub-basin was estimated from nearby watersheds and added to the flow series of 02HK004. (CIMA, 2017)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Method 2 The PCA Healey Falls (02HK002) gauge is the second closest flow gauge on the system. It measures spill flows over two weirs, and the flow used for energy generation in the Healey Falls powerplant. This facility is located on the Trent River, just upstream of the confluence with the Crowe River. The Crowe River is gauged by WSC at Marmora (02HK003), about 14km northeast of the confluence. To assess flow at the site using those gauges, the flow at Marmora is first transposed at the Crowe and Trent rivers confluence, using drainage area ratio (Crowe at confluence / Crowe at Marmora = 2004/1935 = 1.036). Then, this flow series is added to the flow measured by OPG at the Healey Falls facility. The obtained flow at the confluence is then transposed at the project site using the drainage area ratio (Site / Trent- Crowe confluence = 12550/11153 = 1.125). The total drainage area at the confluence of Trent and Crowe rivers represent 88% of the drainage area at the site. (CIMA, 2017)

A photographic record showing the Local Study Area under various flow conditions is provided in Appendix A of the Aquatic TSD. Table 4-2 presents the mean monthly flows, based on Method 2 at Trenton Lock 1 Dam using the daily flow data for the 40-yr period, the Mean, Median, Maximum and Minimum Monthly Flows are presented graphically in Figure 4-3.

Table 4-2: Monthly Flow (m3/s) for 1976 to 2016 (40-years) at Trenton Lock 1 Dam (Using Method 2)

Month Mean Median Max Min January 187 168 355 68 February 157 145 284 70 March 197 200 398 64 April 330 339 559 72 May 184 171 395 32 June 95 86 210 19 July 50 40 161 18 August 44 40 116 19 September 60 51 178 21 October 93 80 297 31 November 141 128 346 38 December 175 171 371 52

The maximum mean monthly flow occurs in April at 330 m³/s, while the lowest mean monthly flow occurring in August at 44 m³/s. Similarly, the maximum median occurs in April with 339 m³/s and the minimum median of 40 m³/s in August and July. Relatively consistent means (ranging from 141 to 195 m³/s) occur from November to March.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.7.1 Flow Patterns and Velocities Hydraulic 2D modeling was conducted by CIMA+ using Telemac 2D software. Available information, including bathymetric and topographic data for the upstream and downstream reaches (apart from the lower half of the downstream rapid which was not surveyed due to safety considerations) was reviewed and used in the construction and calibration of the model with the intention to modify the model to represent future conditions and evaluate changes in hydraulic conditions. It should be noted that within the downstream reach, the sluice configuration at Trenton Lock 1 Dam has a limited effect on flow characteristics except for velocity variations near the dam, with the plunge pool acting as an energy dissipating zone.

Due to the presence of the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam, the modeling approach taken by CIMA was to use two distinct models, one for each of the upstream and downstream reaches. These models were developed using bathymetry data provided by PCA and surveys performed by the Proponent. Surveys commissioned by PCA were used to develop the bathymetry of the reach. Data collection methods included a multi-beam echo sounder in the plunge pool at 10-cm resolution, and a single beam echo sounder for all other locations. Surveys along the bank were completed using a GPS. The boundaries of the model were selected to include those areas where modified flow hydraulics would likely occur as a result of the operation of the proposed Project. The Telemac 2D model output is presented in the form of a graphical representation of flow fields (velocity vectors), velocity magnitude and water depth. Velocities shown consist in depth-average velocities.

4.1.7.1.1 Upstream Reach Only one case was modelled for the upstream reach (10 m3/s discharged by Dam 1 and 200 m3/s discharged through the powerhouse). This is believed to present the maximal variation between existing and operational conditions and was used to evaluate impacts on navigation and other VECs. The simulation was executed using a 210 m³/s inflow at the upstream boundary and 210 m³/s outflow at Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Water surface elevation at the upstream forebay was set at 80 masl and was used in the model. Flow velocities are relatively slow and range from 0 to 0.6 m/s upstream of Dam 1. Model simulations assumed that Lock 1 was closed and therefore velocities at the upstream Lock 1 were taken to be <0.1 m/s. The model simulations show flows within the embayment located along the eastern bank, upstream of the proposed intake to be <0.1 m/s.

Figure 4-4 shows upstream depth (assuming a water level of 80 masl) for existing conditions and operational conditions. The yellow/orange band transecting the river upstream of Trenton Lock 1 Dam is representing the historic dam foundation. Figures 4-5 and 4-6 show the flow velocities (m/s) and velocity vectors for existing conditions and operational conditions (the resolution of the model is more refined in the vicinity of the intake channel). Velocities are generally low, ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 m/s upstream of Lock 1 entrance and between 0.4 and 0.6 m/s between Lock 1 and Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Increases in velocities are associated with the decreased depths associated with the upstream historic dam foundation as well as with convergence of water towards sluices for discharge.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.7.1.2 Downstream Reach Depths, velocities and velocity vectors in the downstream reach were modelled under eight (8) flow scenarios to capture a range of historical flows. These included total river discharges of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 and 400 m³/s with assumed Lake Ontario water level of 75 masl. Figures depicting the results of each of these scenarios were prepared by the Proponent using Blue Kenue (64bit) software as shown in Figures 4-7 through 4-27.

Using the 40-yr data set, the period of March, April and May had a mean flow of 237 m³/s and as shown in Table 4-2 the mean flow of April was calculated to be 330 m³/s, as such downstream modeling at 200 and 400 m³/s shown in Figures 4-22 to 4-27 are expected to be representative of average flows for March, April and May.

The summer low-flow period of June to September was calculated to have a mean flow of 63 m³/s with the lowest mean monthly flow of 44 m3/s occurring in August (Table 4-2). Modelling conducted at 40 m³/s was considered to be representative of the August mean flow and simulations at 60 m³/s were considered to be representative of the mean summer low-flow. Figures 4-10 and 4-15 display these modeling results.

The models for existing and operational conditions assume that water is discharged over a section of 55 m in the center of Dam 1 (corresponding approximately with existing sluices #7 to #11). This is technically different than the real operation of Dam 1, as sluices used for discharge would be adjusted based on river flows; however, the models are representative of general hydraulic conditions for the purpose of evaluating effects.

Under this flow/operational scenario, the relatively high velocities of the flows from the sluices dissipate in the Plunge Pool immediately downstream of Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Velocities vary greatly within the Rapid Area depending on river flows as shown in the modelling figures; however, velocities generally range between 0.6 and 3.0 m/s before cascading over an approximate 1-m elevation change located at the downstream end of the Rapid Area. There is an eastern chute situated within the Project tailrace where velocities remain elevated in comparison to the main rapid under all modeled flows. Downstream of the Rapid Area, waters become less turbulent while entering a run type area where a large variation of flows exist depending on the total river flows. The modelling generally concurs with Hatch onsite observations described in Hatch’s Aquatic TSD.

4.1.8 Surface Water Quality Historically, the province of Ontario, in conjunction with the LTCA has carried out a water quality monitoring program, with samples being collected at the Dixon Drive Bridge (ID 17002106802) located approximately 2 km downstream of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Sampling results for various periods between 1996 and 2014 are currently available. Ontario’s Provincial (Stream) Water Quality Monitoring Network Map indicates that sampling also occurred in 2015, but results for this period are not yet available.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The parameters and months sampled in 2014 are provided in Hatch’s Surface Water Quality TSD (Table 2-1). Parameters with Provincial Water Quality Objectives (PWQO) as outlined by the MOECC, or Canadian Water Quality Guideline (CWQG) (i.e., Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life, long-term protection of freshwater life) standards as outlined by the CCME, have been shown with exceedances highlighted.

Samples collected by the LTCA in 2014 at the Dixon Dr. Bridge were analyzed for 44 parameters. Fifteen of those parameters have either provincial objectives (PWQOs) and/or threshold values in the CWQG for the Protection of Aquatic Life, long-term protection of freshwater life standards, as outlined by the CCME. The sampling, completed in 2014, indicated cadmium exceedances (i.e., by a slight degree) to both PWQO (0.5 µg/L for water harder than 100 mg/L) and CCME (0.09 µg/L) standards, respectively, for all months sampled. Furthermore, sampling completed by the LTCA in 2013 also revealed cadmium exceedances as compared to PWQO and CCME standards.

Hatch undertook baseline surface water quality sampling programs in Trent River during the spring, summer and fall seasons of 2016, and additional mercury sampling in the spring of 2017 to complete the data set. Surface water samples were collected at the same two locations each season. One station was approximately 600 m upstream of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam and the other 600 m downstream. A map showing the location of the sampling points is included in Hatch’s Surface Water Quality TSD (Figure 1-1). Water quality samples were collected from the west riverbank at both sampling locations using best practices.

The water samples were analyzed for a suite of parameters, which included

• Physical parameters (pH, conductivity)

• Solids (total dissolved and suspended solids)

• Anions (chloride, sulphate) and cations (e.g., calcium, magnesium, sodium)

• Nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus, ammonia)

• Metals (including mercury).

The complete chemical laboratory results from the various sampling events are appended to Hatch’s 2017 report and the results are summarized in Table 4-3 below. The results are compared to the relevant PWQO and the Canadian Water Quality standards. The appropriate variable water quality guidelines were selected to reflect onsite conditions (example: Aluminum guidelines are variable dependent on pH of the sampled water).

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-9

Trent River Surface Water Quality Sampling Results (2016 and 2017) Trenton Lock 1 Hydroelectricity Project HydroMega

Matrix: Surface Water

CCME UPSTREAM SAMPLE DOWNSTREAM SAMPLE PROVINCIAL WATER WATER QUALITY Lab ID: CGH221 Lab ID: CXZ069 Lab ID: DCE584 Lab ID: DLL912 Lab ID: EIJ372 Lab ID: CGH222 Lab ID: CXZ070 Lab ID: DCE585 Lab ID: DLL913 Lab ID: EIJ371 QUALITY PARAMETERS UNITS MDL GUIDELINES FOR OBJECTIVES COC ID: 558249-01-01 COC ID: 574902-01-01 COC ID: 558249-01-01 COC ID: 583050-01-01 COC ID: 609390-01-01 COC ID: 558249-01-01 COC ID: 574902-01-01 COC ID: 558249-01-01 COC ID: 583050-01-01 COC ID: 609390-01-01 THE PROTECTION (PWQOs) OF AQUATIC LIFE 2016/04/26 15:00 2016/08/23 13:30 2016/09/20 09:00 2016/11/15 15:30 2017/05/04 16:00 2016/04/26 15:30 2016/08/23 13:00 2016/09/20 08:50 2016/11/15 15:00 2017/05/04 15:45 Calculated Parameters Hardness (CaCO3) mg/L 1.0 NV NV 110 110 N/A 110 N/A 110 110 N/A 110 N/A Inorganics Total Ammonia-N mg/L 0.01 0.02 0.019 0.02 0.01 N/A 0.06 N/A ND ND N/A 0.03 N/A Conductivity umho/cm 1.0 NV NV 240 250 N/A 260 N/A 240 240 N/A 260 N/A Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 10 NV NV 148 160 N/A 166 N/A 152 152 N/A 142 N/A Fluoride (F-) mg/L 0.10 NV 0.12 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) mg/L 0.10 NV NV 0.24 0.41 N/A 0.39 N/A 0.20 0.38 N/A 0.36 N/A Dissolved Organic Carbon mg/L 0.20 NV NV 5.5 5.1 N/A 5.6 N/A 5.6 5.3 N/A 5.4 N/A Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 0.20 NV NV 6.2 5.8 N/A 6.1 N/A 5.9 5.4 N/A 5.9 N/A pH pH N/A 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 9.0 8.05 8.03 N/A 8.04 N/A 8.05 8.28 N/A 8.18 N/A Total Phosphorus mg/L 0.004 0.01 - 0.03 NV 0.020 0.025 N/A 0.013 N/A 0.017 0.026 N/A 0.011 N/A Total Suspended Solids mg/L 1 NV NV 4 5 N/A 1 N/A 4 4 N/A ND N/A Turbidity NTU 0.1 NV NV 1.1 2.9 N/A 0.6 N/A 1.4 1.6 N/A 0.5 N/A Alkalinity (Total as CaCO3) mg/L 1.0 NV NV 98 97 N/A 100 N/A 97 94 N/A 100 N/A Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.010 NV 0.06 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Dissolved Chloride (Cl) mg/L 1.0 NV 120 11 13 N/A 13 N/A 11 13 N/A 13 N/A Nitrate (N) mg/L 0.10 NV 13 0.21 ND N/A ND N/A 0.20 ND N/A ND N/A Nitrate + Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.10 NV NV 0.21 ND N/A ND N/A 0.20 ND N/A ND N/A Dissolved Bromide (Br-) mg/L 1.0 NV NV N/A ND N/A ND N/A N/A ND N/A ND N/A Dissolved Sulphate (SO4) mg/L 1.0 NV NV 6.6 5.6 N/A 7.7 N/A 6.1 5.3 N/A 7.7 N/A Metals Mercury (Hg) ug/L 0.1 0.2 0.026 N/A N/A ND ND ND N/A N/A ND ND ND Dissolved (0.2u) Aluminum (Al) ug/L 5 NV NV ND ND N/A N/A N/A ND ND N/A N/A N/A Total Aluminum (Al) ug/L 5.0 75 100 48 18 N/A 18 N/A 98 24 N/A 11 N/A Total Antimony (Sb) ug/L 0.50 20 NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Arsenic (As) ug/L 1.0 5 5 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Barium (Ba) ug/L 2.0 NV NV 34 40 N/A 38 N/A 38 39 N/A 38 N/A Total Beryllium (Be) ug/L 0.50 1100* NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Bismuth (Bi) ug/L 1.0 NV NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Boron (B) ug/L 10 200 1500 10 12 N/A 15 N/A 10 11 N/A 14 N/A Total Cadmium (Cd) ug/L 0.10 0.5* 0.017 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Calcium (Ca) ug/L 200 NV NV 38000 35000 N/A 37000 N/A 39000 34000 N/A 36000 N/A Total Chromium (Cr) ug/L 5.0 8.9 8.9 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Cobalt (Co) ug/L 0.50 0.9 NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Copper (Cu) ug/L 1.0 5* 2.57* ND ND N/A ND N/A 5.0 1.5 N/A ND N/A Total Iron (Fe) ug/L 100 300 300 120 ND N/A ND N/A 190 ND N/A ND N/A Total Lead (Pb) ug/L 0.50 5* 3.59* ND ND N/A ND N/A 2.3 ND N/A ND N/A Total Lithium (Li) ug/L 5.0 NV NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Magnesium (Mg) ug/L 50 NV NV 3700 4600 N/A 4800 N/A 3800 4600 N/A 4700 N/A Total Manganese (Mn) ug/L 2.0 NV NV 24 78 N/A 12 N/A 26 62 N/A 11 N/A Total Molybdenum (Mo) ug/L 0.50 40 73 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Nickel (Ni) ug/L 1.0 25 102.76* ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Potassium (K) ug/L 200 NV NV 1000 770 N/A 1200 N/A 1100 850 N/A 1100 N/A Total Selenium (Se) ug/L 2.0 100 1 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Silicon (Si) ug/L 50 NV NV 1300 3200 N/A 960 N/A 1300 3300 N/A 800 N/A Total Silver (Ag) ug/L 0.10 0.1 0.25 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Sodium (Na) ug/L 100 NV NV 7900 8900 N/A 8500 N/A 8000 9100 N/A 8400 N/A Total Strontium (Sr) ug/L 1.0 NV NV 110 120 N/A 120 N/A 110 120 N/A 120 N/A Total Tellurium (Te) ug/L 1.0 NV NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Thallium (Tl) ug/L 0.050 0.3 0.8 ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Tin (Sn) ug/L 1.0 NV NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Titanium (Ti) ug/L 5.0 NV NV ND ND N/A ND N/A 6.1 ND N/A ND N/A Total Tungsten (W) ug/L 1.0 30 NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A Total Uranium (U) ug/L 0.10 5 15 0.30 0.24 N/A 0.38 N/A 0.30 0.24 N/A 0.36 N/A Total Vanadium (V) ug/L 0.50 6 NV ND 0.64 N/A ND N/A 0.59 0.79 N/A ND N/A Total Zinc (Zn) ug/L 5.0 20 30 ND ND N/A ND N/A 17 ND N/A ND N/A Total Zirconium (Zr) ug/L 1.0 4 NV ND ND N/A ND N/A ND ND N/A ND N/A

Notes: ug/L Micrograms per Litre Indicates parameter concentration in exceedance of Provincial Water Quality Objectives (PWQOs) standard mg/L Milligrams per Litre Indicates parameter concentration in exceedance of Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life standard umho/cm Micromhos per Centimetre Indicates parameter concentration in exceedance of both PWQO and CCME standards NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units MDL Method Detection Limit N/A Not Assessed ND No Detection at Method Detection Limit NV No Value * CaCO3 Dependant Value

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

In conjunction with the water sampling, Hatch collected in-situ temperature and dissolved oxygen readings within the Trent River during 2016 field activities. Sampling results are summarized in Table 4-4. Table 4-4: Water Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen

Temperature Dissolved Oxygen Date Location Sampled (°C) (mg/L) April 26, 2016 10.6 11.6 August 23, 2016 600 m Downstream 21.7 9.3 November 15, 2016 6.5 10.8

Trent River surface water quality results in the Trenton Lock 1 Dam vicinity are further discussed, by parameter, in the following sections. General interpretations of the results have been provided where appropriate.

4.1.8.1 General Chemistry

4.1.8.1.1 pH The pH parameter is a measure of the activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are considered to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. The range of pH values is within the ideal range of 6.5 to 9.0 for the protection of aquatic life (CWQG). Laboratory pH values of water samples were very consistent throughout the Extended Study Area, with levels ranging from 8.03 to 8.28. The range of pH values is within the ideal range for the protection of aquatic life (Ministry of the Environment and Energy ((MOEE), 1994; CCME, 2003a). The highest field pH observed was 8.28, found in the downstream site in August 2016. The lowest field pH value (8.03) was observed at the upstream site in August 2016

4.1.8.1.2 Conductivity Conductivity is a measure of the resistance of water to an electrical flow (Wetzel, 1975) and an indication of the concentration of the major salinity ions (K, Na, Ca, Mg, SO4, Cl, HCO3 and CO3) whereby the higher the concentrations of these ions, the higher the conductivity. Laboratory conductivity in the Extended Study Area was relatively consistent, ranging from 240 to 260 micromhos per centimeter (µs/cm). Although there are no conductivity limits indicated by PWQO or CCME standards, some crustaceans and invertebrates require minimal concentrations of dissolved ions for lifecycles needs. Some of the cycle needs are further explored in the individual ions below.

4.1.8.2 Suspended and Dissolved Solids

4.1.8.2.1 Total Dissolved Solids Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is the concentration of all dissolved organic and inorganic solids in the water, including those in molecular, ionized or micro-granular form (i.e., <2 µm) and is typically dominated by sodium, chloride and magnesium ions (EMAN-North, 2005). In areas

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-11

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

of Precambrian rock, TDS concentrations in water are generally less than 65 mg/L (Health Canada, 1978). High concentrations of TDS can cause scaling in pipes and appliances, but are not hazardous. The most important aspect of TDS with respect to drinking water quality is its effect on taste. TDS level less than 600 mg/L is generally considered to be acceptable tasting, but levels greater than 1,200 mg/L are considered unpalatable (Health Canada, 1978).

TDS levels in the Extended Study Area were generally consistent between sampling locations with levels ranging from 142 to 166 mg/L. There are no PWQO or CCME limits set for TDS.

4.1.8.2.2 Total Suspended Solids Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is a measure of the amount of organic and inorganic material in water that is greater than 2 µm in size and remains suspended (i.e., not settled out). Results from the study indicated generally consistent TSS levels of 1 to 5 mg/L. There are no PWQO or CCME limits set for TSS; however, CCME guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life restrict increases of 25 mg/L above background over 24 hours.

4.1.8.3 Anions and Cations Anions (i.e., negatively charged particles) analyzed in surface water samples included 2- chloride (Cl-) and sulphate (SO4 ). Cations (i.e., positively charged particles) analyzed in surface water samples included calcium (Ca+), magnesium (Mg2+) and sodium (Na+).

4.1.8.3.1 Chloride Chloride is commonly found in nature as sodium (NaCl) or potassium (KCl) salts and in the oceans. In Canadian surface waters, chloride is typically present at levels less than 10 mg/L and often less than 1 mg/L (Health Canada, 1987a). Chloride levels in the Extended Study Area were generally consistent between sampling locations with levels ranging from 11 to 13 mg/L. The CCME standards outline a maximum concentration of 120 mg/L for chloride for the protection of aquatic life. Health Canada (1987a) indicates that the main sources of chloride in surface water include dissolution of salt deposits, salting of roads to control ice and snow, effluents from chemical industries, oil well operations, sewage, irrigation drainage and refuse leachates.

4.1.8.3.2 Sulphate Sources of sulphate in aquatic environments include anthropogenic activities, such as industrial discharges (e.g., mining and smelting, pulp and paper mills), as well as natural sources such as decomposition of organic material. Sulphate levels in the Extended Study Area were generally consistent between sampling locations, with levels ranging from 5.3 to 7.7 mg/L. Canadian lakes typically have sulphate levels ranging from 3 to 30 mg/L (Health Canada, 1994). There are no PWQO or CCME limits set for sulphate.

4.1.8.3.3 Calcium Calcium is the world’s fifth abundant element in nature. The primary sources of calcium in surface water in Canada include weathering of rocks (i.e., particularly limestone) and from the

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-12

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

soil through seepage, leaching and runoff (Health Canada, 1987b). Low levels of calcium may limit the distribution, growth and reproduction of calcium-demanding crustacean zooplankton (Tessier and Horwitz, 1990; Hessen et al. 1995, 2000). Within the Extended Study Area, calcium concentrations were generally consistent, ranging from 34 to 38 mg/L. There are no set PWQO or CCME limits for calcium.

4.1.8.3.4 Magnesium Magnesium is the world’s eighth most abundant element in nature and occurs in surface waters due to weathering of magnesium carbonates in sedimentary rocks (Health Canada, 1978). Water from areas rich in magnesium-containing rocks may contain magnesium in the range of 10 to 50 mg/L (Health Canada, 1987). Magnesium in the Extended Study Area was generally consistent, ranging from 3.7 to 4.8 mg/L at all the sampling locations. There are no PWQO or CCME limits set for magnesium.

4.1.8.3.5 Sodium Natural sources of sodium include weathering of natural salt deposits and contact of water with igneous rock. Anthropogenic sources of sodium include de-icing salt used for ice and snow control on roadways as well as industrial discharges (Health Canada, 1992a). Sodium concentrations in Canadian surface waters range from less than 1 mg/L to more than 300 mg/L, depending upon the source of the sodium and the geography of the area (Health Canada, 1992a). Sodium levels in the Extended Study Area were generally consistent, ranging from 7,900 to 9,100 micrograms per litre (µg/L) or 7.9 to 9.1 mg/L, respectively. There are no PWQO or CCME limits set for sodium.

4.1.8.4 Nutrients

4.1.8.4.1 Nitrite and Nitrate Nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) are products of the oxidation of nitrogen by micro-organisms in plants, soil and water (Health Canada, 1992b). Nitrite is typically less stable than nitrate, and therefore much less common in nature. Natural sources of nitrates in water include decaying plant or animal material and geological formations containing soluble nitrogen compounds. Anthropogenic sources of nitrates include agricultural fertilizers, manure and domestic sewage (Health Canada, 1992b). The sample results indicated no detection of nitrite. With respect to nitrate levels a maximum of 0.21 mg/L was recorded within the Extended Study Area results were found to be well below the CCME standard of 13 mg/L.

4.1.8.4.2 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) is the total amount of organic and ammonia nitrogen in the sample. Animal and human waste, decaying organic matter and live organic material like tiny algae cells can cause organic nitrogen enrichment of lake water. The natural level of ammonia or nitrate in surface water is typically low; less than 1 mg/L. TKN levels in the Extended Study Area were relatively consistent ranging from <0.1 to 0.21 mg/L, which is well below the CCME limit of 13 mg/L.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-13

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.8.4.3 Total Phosphorous Phosphorus is a nutrient that is often considered as a limiting factor to aquatic vegetation growth since its presence or absence controls the level of plant growth in a waterway (EMAN- North, 2005). Total phosphorus is a measure of all forms of phosphorus in water (including phosphorus found in organic matter, bound to suspended sediments and dissolved in the water). Total phosphorous in the Extended Study Area was found to be generally consistent, ranging from 0.011 to 0.026 mg/L, within the PWQO range limit of 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L.

Although there is no CCME limit set for total phosphorus, the CCME (2004) provides the following trigger ranges based on the trophic status:

• Ultra-oligotrophic <0.04 mg/L

• Oligotrophic 0.04 - 0.010 mg/L

• Mesotrophic 0.010 - 0.020 mg/L

• Meso-eutrophic 0.020 - 0.035 mg/L

• Eutrophic 0.035 - 0.100 mg/L

• Hyper-eutrophic >0.100 mg/L.

Based on this, the tropic status of the study is mesotrophic to meso-eutrophic. This indicates moderate productivity with minimal anthropogenic phosphorus inputs.

4.1.8.4.4 Ammoniacal Nitrogen (N-NH3) Ammoniacal nitrogen (i.e., total ammonia) is a measure for the amount of ammonia; a toxic pollutant often found in sewage, agricultural run-off and landfill leachate. Total ammonia in the Extended Study Area ranged from <0.01 to 0.06 mg/L. Limits are set in the PWQO (0.02 mg/L) and CCME (0.019 mg/L) for total ammonia. recommend levels less than 0.02 mg/L. Slight exceedances to these limits included the April upstream sample (0.02 mg/L exceeding PWQO standard); November upstream sample (0.06 mg/L exceeding both PWQO and CCME standards); and November downstream sample (0.03 mg/L exceeding both PWQO and CCME standards).

4.1.8.5 Metals High concentrations of metals can also be toxic to aquatic biota (EMAN-North, 2005). Most of the metals tested were below the detection limits for all sampling locations and times in 2016. Metals observed in detectable concentrations (and the range of those values) included • Total Aluminum (18 to 98 ug/L)

• Total Barium (34 to 40 ug/L)

• Total Boron (10 to 15 ug/L)

• Total Calcium (34000 to 39000 ug/L)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-14

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Total Copper (34000 to 39000 ug/L)

• Total Iron (<100 to 190 ug/L)

• Total Lead (<0.5 to 2.3 ug/L)

• Total Magnesium (3700 to 4800 ug/L)

• Total Manganese (11 to 78 ug/L)

• Total Potassium (770 to 1200 ug/L)

• Total Silicon (800 to 3300 ug/L)

• Total Sodium (7900 to 9100 ug/L)

• Total Strontium (110 to 120 ug/L)

• Total Titanium (<5.0 to 6.1 ug/L)

• Total Uranium (0.24 to 0.38 ug/L)

• Total Vanadium (0.59 to 0.79 ug/L)

• Total Zinc (<5.0 to 17 ug/L).

Slight metal exceedances to PWQO/CCME limits included Total Aluminum and Total Copper.

4.1.8.5.1 Total Aluminum One exceedance of the PWQO was observed: • downstream sample – 98 ug/L (April 2016) exceeding PWQO standard of 75 µg/L

Aluminum is the most abundant metal on earth and is found in a variety of minerals as well as in soil, plant and animal tissues (Health Canada, 1998). Miller et al. (1984; cited in Health Canada, 1998) reported that 78% of surface water had detectable concentrations of aluminum. Jones and Bennett (1986; cited in Health Canada, 1998) reported that the concentration of aluminum typically varies between 12 to 225 ug/L in rivers in North America.

4.1.8.5.2 Total Copper One exceedance of the CCME was observed:

• downstream sample – 5.0 ug/L (April 2016) exceeding CCME equated standard of 2.57 µg/L.

Copper and its compounds are widely distributed in nature, and copper is found frequently in surface water and in some groundwater. Based on NAQUADAT data on copper concentrations in Canadian surface and lake waters from 1980 to 1983, extractable copper levels ranged from 0.001 to 0.080 mg/L, with concentrations rarely exceeding 0.005 mg/L.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-15

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.8.5.3 Mercury Mercury (Hg) was not detected in the upstream and downstream samples.

Mercury (Hg) occurs naturally and its presence in water can come from rock weathering, surface runoff, and microbial, animal, or plant metabolic activity. Anthropogenic sources include metal smelting, coal burning power plants and sewage (CCME, 2003). The presence of mercury in water is of concern because organic mercury (i.e., methyl mercury, MeHg) is bio-concentrated by fish, which can render the fish unacceptable for human consumption (Health Canada, 1987). In natural surface waters, concentrations of total mercury range from <1 nanograms per litre (ng/L) to 20 ng/L.

4.1.9 Fisheries Resources A number of fisheries studies have been conducted in the Bay of Quinte and the Trent River. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) published “Application of the Ecologically Significant Species Criteria to the Aquatic Community of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario” in November 2014. This report outlined the ecological significant species within the waters the Bay of Quinte. The MNRF also conducted Lake Sturgeon Assessments (2015a) below Trenton Lock 1 Dam in 2015 and 2017. In addition, the Ministry of Transportation retained LGL in 2008 to prepare an Environmental Screening Report for the expansion of the 401 Bridge. As part of this screening, the fish community between Locks 1 and 2 was characterized.

A number of other sources that include relevant fishery information were reviewed for relevant information, including:

• Compilation of the Existing Information and Identification of Data Needs to Assess the Potential Impacts of Water Control Operations to Aquatic Species-At-Risk, Prepared for PCA, by C. Portt and Associates (2012)

• Lake Ontario Fisheries Annual Report MNRF (2015)

• A Fish Habitat Management Plan for the Bay of Quinte, Johanson and McNevin (2007)

• Recapitalization and Gate mechanization of Dam 1 at Lock 1, Trent-Severn Waterway, Ontario, Environment Assessment Screening, AMEC (2011)

• Fish Online tool provided by the Ontario MNRF

• Conservation Ontario – DFO SAR Mapping

• Bay of Quinte Remediation Action Plan Annual Report (2015)

• Trent River Walleye Spawning Protection and Enhancement Study, Prepared for MNRF by Parish Geomorphic (2003)

• Distribution of Fish SAR, LTCA (2016)

• Lake Sturgeon Rehabilitation within the Bay of Quinte, Heuvel and Edwards (1996)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-16

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Individual Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Municipal Marina, City of Quinte West prepared by Shoreplan Engineering (2013).

Upon review of the above, an information gap surrounding the late fall usage of the Downstream ZOI was identified. Subsequently Hatch undertook a late fall, large bodied fish community assessment in 2016. The following sections outline the results of the literature review and Hatch’s assessment.

4.1.9.1 Fish Community Due to the wealth of information available for the Local and Extended Study Area, and in consideration of the potential to harm SAR, only limited on-site investigations were undertaken to identify fish communities present. The characterization of the Site’s fish communities was achieved mainly through agency engagement and literature review, with information gaps being filled by on-site investigations.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s (DFO)’s Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS, 2014) reported a total of 82 fish species residing within the Bay of Quinte. Although all 82 identified species have the ability to navigate upstream to the Project Area, only some are expected to reside permanently within the Trent River, while others may seasonally utilize the area downstream of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam for specific lifecycle needs.

Through agency engagement and document review, it was determined that an information gap existed with regard to the fall fish community. The potential use of the Downstream ZOI by Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Lake Herring/Cisco (Coregonus artedi) for spawning was investigated by Hatch during a Fall Community Assessment in 2016. In total, 41 individuals from seven (7) species of fish were captured over five (5) days of netting (November 28 to December 2, 2016). Cisco and Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris) dominated the catch, accounting for 39% and 27%, respectively. The catch also included two Lake Whitefish in spawning condition and an incidental capture of an Eastern Musk Turtle. For full details on the Fall Fish Community Assessment, see Hatch Aquatic TSD.

Over the course of the 2016 field season (April to December), Hatch biologists were onsite on seven occasions. During those seven (7) site visits, a number of fish species were observed (through ongoing MNRF field collections or visual observations (in-water)) residing in or utilizing the ZOI. Those species included Walleye (Sander vitreus), sucker species, American Eel, Channel Darter, Logperch (Percina caprodes) and Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as well as large schools of unidentified forage fish. For specific dates of species observation please refer to Hatch Aquatic TSD.

The fish community within the Local Study Area may be described as consisting of a variety of game, coarse, forage and at-risk fish. All species found to permanently reside within the ZOI were warm or cool water species, typical of those found within lacustrine or riverine environments. Seasonal usage by cold water salmonid species like Rainbow Trout

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-17

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook Salmon add to the community diversity during the spring and fall seasons

Table 4-5 and Table 4-6 below identify fish and mollusk species potentially present within the Extended Study Area and identify which species are known to inhabit and/or utilize the ZOI. It also identifies which species possess a high probability of utilizing or inhabiting the ZOI but for which presence/absence has not been confirmed. For the purpose of this report, non- native or invasive species have not been considered unless those species now contribute significantly to the local fisheries or social environment.

Table 4-5 illustrates the confirmed and potential fish species present in the Local Study Area in comparison to all 82 species noted as inhabiting the Extended Study Area by CSAS, DFO, MNRF, Hatch and PCA. Table 4-6 illustrates the confirmed and potential mollusc species present in the Local Study Area in comparison to the 45 noted as inhabiting the Extended Study Area by CSAS. In total, 28 fish and one mollusc species have been confirmed within the Local Study Area. An additional 23 fish and 20 mollusc species are thought to have the potential to exist within the within Local Study Area.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-18

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 4-5: Potential Permanent or Seasonal Resident Fish Species in the Extended Study Area

Family or Presence in the Local Study Information Supplier Genus Species Common Name Taxon Area /Observer and Year Clupeidae Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Observed Downstream and CSAS 2014, Anguillidae Anguilla rostrata American Eel Upstream MNRF 2016 & 2017 Salmonidae Salmo salar Atlantic Salmon Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Fundulidae Fundulus diaphanus Banded Killifish Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Catostomidae Ictiobus cyprinellus Bigmouth Buffalo Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Ictaluridae Ameiurus melas Black Bullhead Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Centrarchidae Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black Crappie Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Notropis heterodon Blackchin Shiner Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Notropis heterolepis Blacknose Shiner Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Centrarchidae Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Pimephales notatus Bluntnose Minnow Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Amiidae Amia calva Bowfin Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Notropis bifrenatus Bridle Shiner Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Atherinidae Labidesthes sicculus Brook Silverside Observed Downstream MNRF 2017 Very Likely Upstream and Gasterosteidae Culaea inconstans Brook Stickleback CSAS 2014 Downstream CSAS 2014, Confirmed Downstream, Very Ictaluridae Ameiurus nebulosus Brown Bullhead MNRF 2015, Likely Upstream Hatch 2016 Salmonidae Salmo trutta Brown Trout Likely Downstream CSAS 2014, Likely Upstream and Gadidae Lota lota Burbot CSAS 2014 Downstream

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-19

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Family or Presence in the Local Study Information Supplier Genus Species Common Name Taxon Area /Observer and Year Central Very Likely Upstream and Esocidae Umbra limi CSAS 2014 Mudminnow Downstream Ictaluridae Ictalurus punctatus Channel Catfish Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Percidae Percina copelandi Channel Darter Confirmed Downstream CSAS 2014, MNRF 2016 CSAS 2014, Salmonidae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook Salmon Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015 Hatch 2016 Cisco (Lake Salmonidae Coregonus artedii Confirmed Downstream CSAS 2014, Hatch 2016 Herring) Salmonidae Oncorhynchus kisutch Coho Salmon Likely Downstream CSAS 2014, CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio Common Carp Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015 & 2017 Cyprinidae Notropis cornutus Common Shiner Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Notropis atherinoides Emerald Shiner Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Cyprinidae Semotilus corporalis Fallfish Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015 Percidae Etheostoma flabellare Fantail Darter Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Pimephales promelas Fathead Minnow Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Scianidae Aplodinotus grunniens Freshwater Drum Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2017 Clupeidae Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard Shad Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Catostomidae Moxostoma erythrurum Golden Redhorse Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden Shiner Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Carassius auratus Goldfish Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Catostomidae Moxostoma valenciennesi Greater Redhorse Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2017 Percidae Etheostoma nigrum Johnny Darter Likely Downstream CSAS 2014

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-20

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Family or Presence in the Local Study Information Supplier Genus Species Common Name Taxon Area /Observer and Year CSAS 2014, Acipenseridae Acipenser fulvescens Lake Sturgeon Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2017 CSAS 2014, Salmonidae Salvelinus namaycush Lake Trout Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015 CSAS 2014, Salmonidae Coregonus clupeaformis Lake Whitefish Confirmed Downstream Hatch 2016 CSAS 2014, Confirmed Downstream, Very Centrarchidae Micropterus salmoides Largemouth Bass Hatch 2016 Likely Upstream MNRF 2017 Confirmed Downstream, Very CSAS 2014, Percidae Percina caprodes Logperch Likely Upstream Hatch 2016 Cyprinidae Rhinichthys cataractae Longnose Dace Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Lepisosteidae Lepisosteus osseus Longnose Gar Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015 & 2017 Hatch 2016 Hiodontidae Hiodon tergisus Mooneye Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Cottidae Cottus bairdii Mottled Sculpin Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Esocidae Esox masquinongy Muskellunge Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015 & 2017 Ninsepine Gasterosteidae Pungitius pungitius Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Stickleback Northern Catostomidae Hypentelium nigricans Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Hogsucker Likely Upstream and Esocidae Esox lucius Northern Pike CSAS 2014 Downstream Cyprinidae Margariscus nachtriebi Pearl Dace Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Salmonidae Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink Salmon Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Centrarchidae Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinseed Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-21

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Family or Presence in the Local Study Information Supplier Genus Species Common Name Taxon Area /Observer and Year Catostomidae Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Osmeridae Osmerus mordax Rainbow Smelt Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Salmonidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow Trout Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2017 Confirmed Downstream, Likely CSAS 2014, Catostomidae Moxostoma carinatum River Redhorse Upstream MNRF 2015 & 2017 CSAS 2014, Confirmed Downstream, likely Centrarchidae Ambloplites rupestris Rock Bass Hatch 2016 Upstream MNRF 2017 Confirmed Downstream - Gobiidae Neogobius melanostomus Round Goby CSAS 2014 Invasive Salmonidae Prosopium cylindraceum Round Whitefish Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Scardinius erythrophthalmus Rudd Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Cyprinidae Notropis stramineus Sand Shiner Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Percidae Sander canadense Sauger Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Confirmed Downstream - Petromyzontidae Petromyzon marinus Sea Lamprey CSAS 2014 Invasive Shorthead CSAS 2014, Catostomidae Moxostoma macrolepidotum Confirmed Downstream Redhorse MNRF 2015 & 2017 Petromyzontidae Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Silver Lamprey Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014, Catostomidae Moxostoma anisurum Silver Redhorse Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015 & 2017 Cottidae Cottus cognatus Slimy Sculpin Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Confirmed Upstream and CSAS 2014, Centrarchidae Micropterus dolomieu Smallmouth Bass Downstream MNRF 2015 & 2017 namaycush x Salmonidae Salvelinus Splake Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 fontinalis

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-22

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Family or Presence in the Local Study Information Supplier Genus Species Common Name Taxon Area /Observer and Year Cyprinidae Cyprinella spiloptera Spotfin Shiner Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Cyprinidae Notropis hudsonius Spottail Shiner CSAS 2014 Downstream Ictaluridae Noturus flavus Stonecat Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Ictaluridae Noturus gyrinus Tadpole Madtom Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Threespine Gasterosteidae Gasterosteus aculeatus Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Stickleback Percopsidae Percopsis omiscomaycus Trout-perch Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 CSAS 2014 Confirmed Upstream and Percidae Sander vitreus Walleye MNRF 2015 & 2017, Downstream Hatch 2016 Moronidae Morone chrysops White Bass Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Moronidae Morone americana White Perch Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Confirmed Upstream and CSAS 2014, Catostomidae Catostomus commersoni White Sucker Downstream MNRF 2017 CSAS 2014 Percidae Perca flavescens Yellow Perch Confirmed Downstream MNRF 2015/17

Species potentially present within the Extended Study Area Species known to inhabit and/or utilize the ZOI or the Local Study Area Species possessing a high probability of utilizing and/or inhabiting the ZOI but for which presence/absence has not been confirmed

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-23

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 4-6: Potential Mollusc Species in the Extended Study Area

Family or Presence in the Local Information Supplier / Observer Genus Species Common Name Taxon Study Area and Year Molluscs Pseudosuccinea columella American Ribbed Fluke Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Lampsilis radiata Eastern Lampmussel CSAS 2014 Downstream Confirmed Downstream, CSAS 2014, Molluscs Ligumia nasuta Eastern Pondmussel Possibly Upstream PCA 2016 Molluscs Valvata piscinalis European Valve Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Bithynia tentaculata Faucet Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Sphaerium corneum Fingernail Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Sphaerium nitidum Fingernail Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Sphaerium simile Fingernail Clam Likely Upstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Sphaerium striatinum Fingernail Clam Likely Upstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Musculium lacustre Fingernail Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Musculium partumeium Fingernail Clam Likely Upstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Musculium transversum Fingernail Clam Likely Upstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Valvata lewisi Fringed Valvata Snail CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Pisidium henslowanum Henslow’s Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Potamopyrgus antipodarum New Zealand Mud Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Pisidium amnicum Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Pisidium casertanum Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Pisidium compressum Pea Clam CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Pisidium conventus Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Pisidium dubium Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-24

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Family or Presence in the Local Information Supplier / Observer Genus Species Common Name Taxon Study Area and Year Molluscs Pisidium equilaterale Pea Clam Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Pisidium fallax Pea Clam Likely Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Pisidium ferrugineum Pea Clam CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Pisidium idahoense Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Pisidium lilljeborgi Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Pisidium nitidum Pea Clam CSAS 2014 Downstream Likely Upstream and Molluscs Pisidium punctatum Pea Clam CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Pisidium rotundatum Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Pisidium subtruncatum Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Pisidium variabile Pea Clam CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Pisidium ventricosum Pea Clam Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Pisidium walkeri Pea Clam CSAS 2014 Downstream Confirmed Upstream of Molluscs Villosa iris Rainbow Mussel CSAS 2014, PCA 2017 Extended Study Area Likely Upstream and Molluscs Helisoma anceps Ram's Horn Snail CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Amnicola limosa Snail Likely Upstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Amnicola walkeri Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Ferrissia parallela Snail CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Fossaria obrussa Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Gyraulus parvus Snail CSAS 2014 Downstream

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-25

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Family or Presence in the Local Information Supplier / Observer Genus Species Common Name Taxon Study Area and Year Molluscs Marstonia decepta Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Likely Upstream and Molluscs Physella gyrina Snail CSAS 2014 Downstream Likely Upstream and Molluscs Planorbula armigera Snail CSAS 2014 Downstream Molluscs Pleurocera acuta Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Valvata sincera Valve Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014 Molluscs Valvata tricarinata Valve Snail Possibly Downstream CSAS 2014

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-26

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.9.2 Aquatic Habitat General aquatic habitat features within the Trent Severn Waterway within the Local Study Area are described in Section 4.1.9.2.1. Specific aquatic habitat features within the immediate Project Area can be found in the Hatch Aquatic TSD.

4.1.9.2.1 General Aquatic Upstream/Downstream Habitat Features in Local Study Area 4.1.9.2.1.1 Upstream The Upstream ZOI extends 1,200 m upstream of Trenton Dam 1 to the base of Sidney Dam 2 and has an average width of approximately 150 m.

Most of the aquatic habitat in the Upstream ZOI is a relatively consistent run habitat with increased velocities immediately upstream of Trenton Lock 1 Dam and within the turbulent waters extending for approximately 150 m immediately downstream from Sidney Dam 2. The turbulent waters downstream of Sidney Dam 2 provide potential spawning habitat for Walleye (not confirmed) and sucker species. The cattail wetlands present along the eastern bank are expected to facilitate spring spawning for Northern Pike (not confirmed). Although not confirmed, Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) likely reside within the Upstream ZOI utilizing the relatively steep, gravel portions of the near bank area for spawning (Scott and Crossman, 1973).

The majority of the western bank between Trenton Lock 1 Dam and Sidney Dam 2 is represented by coarse stone within some concrete associated with the locks, bridges and other infrastructure. Upland of the riprap along the western bank, a narrow band of varying vegetation exists between County Road 33 and the river. The eastern bank is primarily naturalized with the exception of coarse material and concrete associated with infrastructure. Several embayments surrounded by cattails and other wetland vegetation exist with the remaining bank consisting of shrubs proceeded by trees. 4.1.9.2.1.2 Downstream The aquatic habitat in the Downstream ZOI appears as three distinct sections. A plunge pool extends 110 m downstream from the base of Trenton Lock 1 Dam and is greatly influenced by dam operations, with fast turbulent water existing below the gates, dissipating as flows move downstream and are routed into back eddies within the pool. Substrates within the pool are likely dominated by bedrock, with all small substrates moved downstream during high- flow periods. From 110 to 230 m downstream from the Trenton Lock 1 Dam, water velocities begin to increase and flow over a mixture of cobble and boulders, creating a rapid or riffle habitat, depending on seasonal flows. Immediately downstream of the rapid, water flows in a more typical u-shaped channel and are considered to be a run habitat under all flow conditions with cobbles, gravels and sands contributing the substrate to the downstream limit of the Study Area, approximately 700 m from the Trenton Lock 1 Dam.

LTCA has performed periodic seasonal water quality sampling downstream of Lock 1 for the past decade. In 2014, samples were collected from the Dixon Drive Bridge located

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-27

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

approximately 2.1 km downstream from Lock 1. Samples were collected in the months of April, June, July, August, September and October (LTCA, 2016). Further to LTCA sampling, Hatch performed spring, summer and fall sampling within the upstream and downstream ZOI. In general, the water quality was found to be suitable for supporting aquatic life with only a few parameters exceeding federal or provincial guidelines. For full water quality results, see the Hatch Surface Water Quality TSD.

4.1.10 Wetlands One unevaluated wetland was identified upstream of the Project as a result of a review of the MNRF LIO wetland unit data layer (MNRF, 2013). No provincially significant wetlands (PSWs) were identified in the Local Study Area. A site investigation confirmed the presence of the wetland upstream of the Project Area; there are no wetlands within the Project Area. The wetland communities identified during the site investigation are described in detail in the Terrestrial TSD (Hatch 2017) and summarized below. A map showing the location of these wetlands is provided in Figure 4-28.

Cattail Mineral Marsh Type (MAS2-1)

This wetland community is located upstream of the Project along the eastern bank, approximately 130 m from the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam and has an area of 0.47 ha (total). This wetland is characterized as a cattail mineral marsh, dominated by Narrow-leaved Cattails (Typha angustifolia) with Common Reed (Phragmites) also noted. Riparian vegetation comprises of shrubs, such as Pussy Willow (Salix spp.) and herbs, including Blue- flag (Iris versicolor) and Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus). This wetland community provides habitat for turtles with dozens observed basking on logs during each of the site investigations completed. This wetland will be discussed with respect to provision of wildlife habitat in Section 3.1.14.

Submerged Shallow Aquatic Ecosite (SAS1)

This wetland community is located upstream of the Project along the eastern bank, approximately 80 m from the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam and 20 m from the proposed new temporary access road (north). It has an area of 0.51 ha (total). This wetland is characterized as a submerged shallow marsh, dominated by floating leaved plants, primarily Yellow Pond Lily (Nuphar lutea), and submerged vegetation such as Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Riparian vegetation comprises of shrubs, such as Pussy Willow and herbs, including Blue-flag and Yellow Iris. Several turtles have been observed within this community during the site investigations. This wetland will be discussed with respect to provision of wildlife habitat in Section 3.1.14.

4.1.11 Woodlands The City of Quinte West Official Plan was reviewed to determine the criteria for significant woodlands. The Official Plan indicated that the City will identify significant woodlands in consultation with the MNRF and local Conservation Authority, for the purpose of protection as specified in the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS). The area of the City of Quinte West is

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-28

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

534 km2 (LIO), the woodlands make up approximately 32.5% or 173.80 km2 (LIO) of the region (as of 2017).

The following criteria from the MNRF Natural Heritage Reference Manual (MNRF, 2010) were used to evaluate the significance of the woodlands within the Project Area. The assessment will be based on the amount of woodland coverage in the City of Quinte West, which is approximately 32.5%. Woodlands are considered significant if they meet one of the criteria provided below:

• Woodland Size: where woodlands cover is about 30 to 60% of the land cover, woodlands 50 ha in size or larger should be considered significant.

• Woodland Interior: where woodland cover is about 30 to 60% of the land cover, the interior habitat area threshold for significance is 8 ha.

• Proximity to Other Significant Woodlands or Habitats: woodlands are considered significant if they are within 30 m of a significant natural heritage feature (i.e., woodlands, wetlands, watercourses and valleylands) and meet the minimum area threshold (e.g., 0.5 – 20 ha, depending on circumstances).

• Linkages: woodlands are considered significant if they are located within 120 m of two other significant features and meet the minimum area threshold (e.g., 1 – 20 ha, depending on circumstances).

• Water Protection: woodlands are considered significant if they are within 50 m (or top of valley) of a sensitive groundwater discharge or recharge area, sensitive headwater area, watercourse or fish habitat and meet the minimum area threshold (e.g., 0.5 – 10 ha, depending on circumstances).

• Woodland Diversity: woodlands are considered significant if they are naturally occurring composition of native forest species that have declined significantly south and east of the Canadian Shield and meet minimum area thresholds (e.g., 1 – 20 ha, depending on circumstances). In addition, a woodland with a high native diversity through a combination of composition and terrain would be considered significant.

• Uncommon Characteristics: woodlands are considered significant if they are associated with a rare vegetation community (0.5 ha in size or more), rare plants, old growth trees (i.e., 100 years old), and larger trees (i.e., 40 to 50 cm dbh).

The criteria provided above were used to assess the significance of woodlands within the Project Area, as provided in Table 4-7 below. Woodlands are identified on Figure 4-28.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-29

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 4-7: Assessment of Woodlands Within and Immediately Surrounding the Project

Proximity to Woodland Woodland Other Diversity and Project Assessment ID Linkages Water Protection Size Interior Woodlands Uncommon Components (Significant or (ha) and Habitats Characteristics Not Significant) FOD 0.326 There is This The wetland The Project is The deciduous Approximately Significant (north) no woodland is area adjacent within the Lower woodland is 150 m north of (based on woodland adjacent to to the east Trent Source composed of the northern linkages and interior the east side side of the Protection Area common trees perimeter of the water protection) habitat. of the Trent Trent River which shows this and vegetation. Project Area. River. would provide woodland as part of There are no linkage to this a highly vulnerable known rare woodland. aquifer. plants or old- growth trees. FOD3-1 0.089 There is This The The Project is The deciduous Within and Not Significant (north) no woodland is surrounding within the Lower woodland is directly adjacent woodland east of FOD- areas are Trent Source Water composed of to the northern interior 7 surrounded disturbed Protection Area; common trees perimeter of the habitat. by MEF therefore however, this and vegetation. Project Area. habitat. reducing woodland is not There are no potential within any known rare linkages to protection areas. plants or old- this woodland. growth trees. FOD7 3.68 There is This The narrow- The Project is The deciduous Directly Significant (north) no woodland is treed area within the Lower woodland is adjacent to the (based on woodland adjacent to along the Trent Source composed of northern linkages and interior the east side Trent River Protection Area common trees perimeter of the water protection) habitat. of the Trent would provide which shows this and vegetation. Project Area. River. a linkage to woodland as part of There are no this woodland. a significant known rare groundwater plants or old- recharge area and growth trees. within a highly vulnerable aquifer.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-30

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-31

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.12 Vegetation and Vegetation Communities Vegetation studies were conducted within and immediately surrounding the Project Area to characterize the vegetation community types, identify species, document species of conservation concern and SAR that may be affected by the Project. Prior to conducting site visits, vegetation community boundaries were mapped through interpretation of satellite imagery. The boundaries were delineated using GIS and verified or refined during the site investigations. Vegetation communities within the proposed Project Area were generally characterized following the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) system for Southern Ontario (first approximation) (Lee et al, 1998). ELC codes from the second approximation (Bakowsky et al, 2009) (still a draft document) were also used to supplement community types not found in the first approximation. All vegetation and vegetation communities observed within and immediately surrounding the Project Area are provided in the Terrestrial TSD (Hatch, 2017). A summary of the vegetation communities found within each of the Project components is provided in the following sections. All vegetation and vegetation communities are common to the area, no rare species were found. Of the 77 species identified, 31 or approximately 40% are non-native. A map showing the vegetation communities is provided in Figure 4-28.

4.1.12.1 Powerhouse and Associated Facilities Vegetation communities within the proposed powerhouse (including the intake, bypass gates, and tailrace canal) are summarized below:

• Mineral Treed Bluff (BLT1) – This community is found along the Trent River, downstream of the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Vegetation along the bank is dominated by Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo) with Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoids), Bur Oak, (Quercus macrocarpa), Willow, and a few Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana). Understory is dominated by Honeysuckle (Diervilla spp.) and Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina). Groundcover is dominated by Wild Grape (Vitis vinifera). Non-native species such as Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolate), Orchard’s Grass (Dactylis spp.) and Dog-strangling Vine (Vincetoxicum rossicum) were also found in the understory and groundcover layers.

• Dry – Fresh Graminoid Meadow Ecosite (MEGM3) – This community type is dominated by non-native grasses (e.g., Orchard’s Grass, Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis), Kentucky Blue-grass (Poa pratensis)) and herbs (e.g., Bird’s-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), Cow Vetch (Vicia villosa), Ox-eye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), Viper’s Bugloss (Echium vulgare), Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)).

• Sumac Cultural Thicket Type (CUT1-1) – This community is dominated by Staghorn Sumac with White Ash (Fraxinus americana) and Manitoba Maple is also present. The canopy is open with groundcover dominated by non-native grasses (e.g., Orchard’s Grass) and herbs (e.g., asters, Ox-eye Daisy).

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-32

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL) – This community type is characterized as manicured lawn and is associated with the existing facilities near the Trenton Lock 1 Dam.

4.1.12.2 Laydown Areas There are three potential laydown areas (north, west, and east). The vegetation in the laydown areas (north and west) are characterized as Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL). The laydown area (east) is characterized as Light Industry (CVC-2), comprised of asphalt.

4.1.12.3 Proposed Connection Line and Point The vegetation within the proposed connection line and point is characterized as Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL).

4.1.12.4 New Temporary Road Access (North) The new temporary road access (north) is proposed along an existing trail. Road upgrades and widening will be required which will result in vegetation clearing for the following community types:

• Dry – Fresh Poplar Deciduous Forest Type (FOD3-1) – This community type is dominated by Large-tooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata). The understory is dominated by Honeysuckle with a few White Ash and Common Buckthorn observed. Groundcover is dominated by grasses with asters, Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and Wild Grape noted. The majority of this wooded area will remain intact with the exception of a few edge trees.

• Fresh – Moist Lowland Deciduous Forest Ecosite (FOD7) – This community type is located along a knoll, dominated by White Ash, Manitoba Maple and Eastern Cottonwood. Understory is dominated by Honeysuckle and Common Buckthorn with groundcover dominated by Virginia Creeper, Yellow Avens (Geum aleppicum) and Garlic Mustard. This small wooded area is disturbed and is bisected by a foot trail. The majority of this wooded area will remain intact with the exception of a few edge trees.

• Forb Meadow (MEF) – This community type is dominated by herbs and grasses, particularly Early Buttercup (Ranunculus fascicularis), Ox-eye Daisy and Bladder Campion (Silene vulgaris).

• Sumac Cultural Thicket Type (CUT1-1) – This community is dominated entirely by Staghorn Sumac.

• Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL) – This community type is characterized as manicured lawn and is associated with the existing facilities near the Trenton Lock 1 Dam.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-33

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.12.5 New Temporary Road Access (South) The new temporary road access (south) is proposed along an existing trail. Road upgrades and widening will be required which will result in vegetation clearing for the following community types:

• Fresh – Moist Poplar Deciduous Forest Type (FOD8-1) – This community type is characterized as a disturbed woodland situated on a knoll that runs east to west. A large concrete structure is present near Chester’s Road. The canopy includes a mix of Large- tooth Aspen, Eastern Cottonwood, Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and Manitoba Maple. The understory is dominated by Honeysuckle and Common Buckthorn and younger trees similar to those found in the canopy. Groundcover is dominated by Yellow Avens, Virginia Creeper, Poison Ivy and other herbs associated with disturbed areas. Canada Mayflower (Maianthemum canadense), False Solomon’s Seal (Smilacina racemoso) and Canada Anemone (Anemone Canadensis) were also noted but to a lesser extent. Staghorn Sumac is abundant along the edge of the woodland near the Trent River. The majority of this wooded area will remain intact with the exception of a narrow strip of edge trees.

• Fresh – Moist Deciduous Woodland Ecosite (WODM5) – This community type is dominated by a mix of Manitoba maple, Eastern Cottonwood and Large-tooth Aspen. The canopy is open with a sparse understory and groundcover dominated by grasses (Orchard’s Grass and Smooth Brome) and herbs (similar to the MEGM3 community). Tree and vegetation clearing will be required within a portion of this community type.

• Dry – Fresh Graminoid Meadow Ecosite (MEGM3) – This community type is dominated by non-native grasses (e.g., Orchard’s Grass, Smooth Brome, Kentucky Bluegrass) and herbs (e.g., Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Cow Vetch, Ox-eye Daisy, Viper’s Bugloss, Wild Carrot). Vegetation clearing is proposed within the majority of this community type.

• Sumac Cultural Thicket Type (CUT1-1) – This community is dominated by Staghorn Sumac with White Ash and Manitoba Maple also present. The canopy is open with groundcover dominated by grasses (e.g., Orchard’s Grass) and herbs (e.g., asters, Ox- eye Daisy). Vegetation clearing is proposed within the majority of this community type.

4.1.13 Terrestrial Wildlife Wildlife surveys completed for the Project included: breeding bird surveys, bat habitat and entrance/exit surveys, visual encounter surveys for snakes and turtles, turtle nesting surveys, and amphibian call surveys. The methodology and findings from these field studies is provided in the Terrestrial TSD (Hatch, 2017). A summary of wildlife species identified during the desktop study and confirmed during the site investigations are provided in the following sections. SAR identified in the following sections that have the potential to occur or have been confirmed within the Local Study Area are discussed in Section 4.1.15.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-34

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.13.1 Mammals The Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario lists 33 species that could potentially occur within the Extended Study Area (Dobbyn, 1994) based on their general range. A list of these species is provided in Table 4-8. Table 4-8: Mammals Potentially Occurring within the Extended Study Area and Their Conservation Status

Provincial COSEWIC Federal Common Name Scientific Name Observed Status2,3 Status4 Status5 Shrews and Moles Northern Short-tailed Blarina brevicauda No Status No Status No Status Shrew Star-nosed Mole Condylura cristata No Status No Status No Status Bats Small-footed Bat Myotis leibii END No Status No Status Little Brown Bat Myotis lucifuga END END END Bats (Schedule 1) observed but Northern Myotis Myotis septentrionalis END END END unable to (Schedule 1) ID Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Tricoloured Bat Perimyotis subflavus END END END (Schedule 1) Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus No Status No Status No Status Eastern Red Bat Lasiurus borealis No Status No Status No Status Hoary Bat Lasiurus cinereus No Status No Status No Status Rabbits and Hares Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus No Status No Status No Status X European Hare Lepus europaeus No Status No Status No Status Rodents Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus No Status No Status No Status X Woodchuck Marmota monax No Status No Status No Status Eastern Gray Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis No Status No Status No Status X Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus No Status No Status No Status Beaver Castor canadensis No Status No Status No Status X White-footed Mouse Peromyscus leucopis No Status No Status No Status Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus No Status No Status No Status Meadow Vole Microtus pennsylvanicus No Status No Status No Status Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus No Status No Status No Status X Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus No Status No Status No Status House Mouse Mus musculus No Status No Status No Status Porcupine Erethizion dorsatum No Status No Status No Status

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-35

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Provincial COSEWIC Federal Common Name Scientific Name Observed Status2,3 Status4 Status5 Carnivores Coyote Canis latrans No Status No Status No Status Red Fox Vulpes vulpes No Status No Status No Status Racoon Procyo lotor No Status No Status No Status X Ermine Mustela ermine No Status No Status No Status Long-tailed Weasel Mustela frenata No Status No Status No Status Mink Mustela vison No Status No Status No Status Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis No Status No Status No Status North American River Lontra canadensis No Status No Status No Status Otter Deer and Bison White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus No Status No Status No Status X

1 Based on Range Maps provided in Dobbyn, 1994 2 SRANK = Provincial Status (NHIC, 2008); S=Sub-national Rank (Ontario), E=Exotic species, 2=Imperiled, 3=Vulnerable, 4=Apparently Secure, 5=Secure, =Uncertain 3 SARO List = Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario; END = Endangered 4 ESA = Ontario Endangered Species Act, 2007; END = listed as Endangered on Schedule 3 15 GRANK = Global Status (NatureServe (www.natureserve.org), in conjunction with Conservation Data Centres, such as NHIC); G=Global Rank; 1=Critically Imperiled, 2=Imperiled, 3=Vulnerable, 4=Apparently Secure, 5=Secure 3 COSEWIC = Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada; END = Endangered 4 SARA = Species at Risk Act – Canada; END = listed as Endangered on Schedule 1

Of these species, eight were observed during the 2016 and 2017 site investigations, including Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus), Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Groundhog (Marmota monax), and Raccoon (Procyon lotor). Bats were also observed foraging near the proposed new temporary road access (south) within the graminoid meadow community (MEGM3). Bats were observed during 10 of the 23 concurrent night investigations that took place between May 31 and June 22 of 2017; the species of bat was not confirmed although could be the Tri- colored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus) based on the rapid movement and back and forth flight pattern. Based on consultation with MNRF, it was agreed that a conservative approach (in assuming all bat species are SAR) would be appropriate given the difficulty in differentiating between some bat species using acoustic monitoring. It was further agreed that mitigation measures for SAR bats and significant wildlife habitat (e.g. Bat Maternity Colonies) would be the same.

Exit/entry visual surveys were also conducted on four (4) snag trees within the wooded community (FOD7) north of the Project Area near the proposed new temporary access road (north). Four (4) separate surveys were conducted for each of the snag trees between June 11 and June 22. There were no bats observed utilizing the snag trees or aerial foraging during the surveys. Accordingly, as per correspondence with MNRF (June 2017), no additional mitigation measures are necessary. Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) and Beaver

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-36

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

(Castor canadensis) were observed within the wetlands north of the Project, upstream of the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam.

Based on consultation with MNRF, the southern section of woodland was found to be below the criteria for high quality habitat and required no further surveys (i.e. exit/entry visual surveys) be undertaken.

4.1.13.2 Avifauna The Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas (OBBA) (Bird Studies Canada et al., 2006) was reviewed to determine which species have the potential to occur within the 10 x 10 km map square (i.e., 18TP98) that overlaps the Project. The OBBA provides a list of species that have been observed during surveys completed between 1981 and 1985 and 2001 and 2005.

Of the species identified during the desktop study, 32 birds were recorded within and immediately surrounding the Project during the 2016 and 2017 breeding bird and crepuscular surveys. The number of birds recorded is appropriate for the area given that the surroundings are predominantly manicured lawn and industrial development. Vegetation within the Project is limited to riparian communities, small and narrow wooded areas and cultural meadow communities. While no nests were observed within the Project Area during field investigations, there are birds actively breeding in the Local Study Area which could have potential issues for construction during nesting.

A summary of species identified during the desktop study and documented during field studies completed for the Project is provided in Table 4-9. The SAR identified in the table will be discussed in Section 4.1.15.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-37

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 4-9: Birds Potentially Occurring within the Extended Study Area and Their Conservation Status1

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Alder Empidonax Dry shrubbier areas Flycatcher alnorum along roadsides and S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status clear cuts American Botaurus Nests in wetlands, Bittern lentiginosus meadows, pastures, X S4B No Status G5 No Status No Status and agricultural fields American Anus rubripes Inhabits beaver Black Duck flowages, riverine marshes, alder- X S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status covered streams, and wooded swamps American Corvus Forages in open Crow brachyrhynchos habitats and does not S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status X feed in forested areas American Spinus tristis Weedy fields and Goldfinch floodplains; areas of S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status X early successional growth American Falco sparverius Nesting in urban Kestrel areas. Open country including grasslands, X S4 No Status G5 No Status No Status forest edges, clearing, burn and extensive clear-cuts. American Setophaga Open and semi-open Redstart ruticilla deciduous and mixed S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status forests; avoids fully mature forests

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-38

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch American Turdus Forests, riparian Robin migratorius areas, golf courses, and gardens where lawns and areas of S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status X short grasses areas are interspersed with shrubs and trees American Anas americana Shallow bays and Wigeon marshes of estuaries; large permanent S4B, No Status G5 No Status No Status marshes with open SZN waters, and lake estuary marshes American Scolopax minor Nests in edges of Woodcock deciduous upland and lowland forests, S5B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status coniferous forests, SZN plantations and mixed forests Baltimore Icterus galbula Nests in woodland Oriole edges, wooded riparian areas, S5B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status hedgerows with tall SZN trees, open forest, and urban parks Bank Swallow Riparia riparia Nest in natural and human-made setting where there are S5B, vertical faces in silt X THR G5 THR THR SZN and sand deposits, often on banks of rivers or lakes.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-39

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Nests are typically built in man-made S5B, buildings, such as X THR G5 THR THR SZN barns, with unpainted rough wood. Belted Meaceryle High, vertical banks, Kingfisher alcyon typically located along the edge of X S4B No Status G5 No Status No Status X clear, calm water where fish are readily available Black- Nycticorax Most wetland crowned nycticorax habitats, can be Night Heron found near estuaries, streams, lakes, and S3B, No Status G5 No Status No Status X other water S3N reservoirs. stick nests are generally built over water in groups Black Tern Chlidonias niger Shallow marshes, S3B, X SC G4 Not at Risk No Status usually with cattails SZN Black-and- Mniotilta varia Mature and second- White Warbler growth deciduous woodlands and mixed S5B, woodlands with areas No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN on the ground for nesting (stumps, shrubs, logs, etc.)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-40

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Black-billed Coccyzus Nests are typically Cuckoo erythopthalmus low to the ground in hedgerows, riparian S4B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status thickets, woodlands, SZN and forest edges and openings Black-capped Poecile Hedgerows, thickets, Chickadee atricapillus suburban and urban areas, and narrow S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X riparian strips as well as woodlands Black- Black-throated Nests in branches of throated Green Warbler tall coniferous trees S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status Green SZN Warbler Blue Jay Cyancitta cristata Nests in edges of forests, river valleys S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X both rural and residential areas Blue-gray Polioptile Deciduous forests S4B, Gnatcatcher caerulea and near edges often No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN in moister areas Bobolink Dolichonyx Tall grass prairies S4B, oryzivorus and other open X THR G5 THR No Status SZN grasslands Brown Certhia Mature and older S5B, Creeper americana coniferous and mixed No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN forests Brown Toxostoma Scrubby overgrown Thrasher rufum pastures, alvars, S5B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status hedgerows, and SZN shrubby thickets

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-41

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Brown Molothrus alter Developed and S5B, headed agricultural areas No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN cowbird Canada Branta Small islands or along Goose canadensis shorelines, but will occasionally use X S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X elevated sites such as hummocks Canada Cardellina Wet, mixed Warbler Canadensis deciduous-coniferous S4B, THR forest with well- X SC G5 THR SZN developed shrub (Schedule 1) layer. Carolina Thryothorus Urban areas; moist or S3S4 No Status G5 No Status No Status X Wren ludvicianus bottomland woods Cedar Bombycilla Along woodland Waxwing cedrorum edges, in open S5B, wooded or park like No Status G5 No Status No Status X SZN settings or in shrubby old-field habitats Cerulean Setphaga Mature deciduous Warbler cerulean forests, with large, tall S3B, SC X THR G4 END trees and an open SZN (Schedule 1) understory. Chestnut- Setophaga Deciduous forest sided Warbler pensylvanica edges, abandoned S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status fields, and small clears Chimney Chaetura Urban settlements in S4B, THR Swift pelagica chimneys or other X THR G5 THR SZN manmade structures. (Schedule 1)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-42

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Chipping Bruant passerina Open woodlands, the Sparrow borders of forest opening, edges of S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status rivers and lakes, and brushy, weedy fields Cliff Swallow Pertochelidon Nests under bridges, pyrrhonota under eaves of S4B No Status G5 No Status No Status buildings, and barns Common Gallinula galeata Freshwater or Gallinule brackish marshes S4B, with tall emergent X No Status G5 No Status No Status vegetation, ponds, SZN canals, and rice fields Common Quiscalus Nests in areas of Grackle quiscula human habitation, S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status X marshes, woodlands, and boreal forest Common Choreiles mino Open areas, Nighthawk grasslands, clear- cuts, sandy areas, S4B, THR X SC G5 THR X rocky bluffs, open SZN (Schedule 1) forests and urban areas. Common Corvus corax Nests in trees in Raven forested areas, open and shrubby S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status grassland and agricultural areas. Common Gallinago Bogs, fens, alder and Snipe gallinago willow swamps, wet S5B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status (Wilson’s meadows and along SZN Snipe) rivers and ponds

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-43

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Common Geothlypis Open areas with low, Yellowthroat trichas thick vegetation; S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status primarily a bird of SZN wetlands Cooper’s Accipter cooperiii Urban areas and thick S4B, No Status G5 Not at Risk No Status Hawk dense forests SZN Double- Phalacrocorax Nest high in trees on crested auritus islands or in patches S5B No Status G5 Not at Risk No Status X Cormorant of flooded timber Downy Picoides Deciduous Woodpecker pubscens woodlands, riparian S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X forests, urban parks and residential areas Eastern Sialia sialis Nests in areas with Bluebird short vegetation with S5B No Status G5 Not at Risk No Status suitable nest cavities Eastern Tyrannus Forest clearings, Kingbird tyrannus beaver swamps, and X S4B No Status G5 No Status No Status borders of lakes and rivers Eastern Sturnella magna Tall grasslands, such Meadowlark as pastures and S5B, G5 hayfields or shrubby X THR THR No Status SZN overgrown fields or other open areas. Eastern Sayornis phoebe Artificial structures S5B, Phoebe (i.e. bridges and No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN buildings) for nesting Eastern Otus asio Open woodlands, Screech-Owl groves, orchards, and S5 No Status G5 Not at Risk No Status shade trees

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-44

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Eastern Pipilo Old fields, Towhee erythrophthalmus Precambrian rock S4B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status barrens, alvars, and SZN sand barrens Eastern Whip- Antrostomus Semi-open forests or S4B, THR poor-will vociferous patchy forests with X THR G5 THR SZN clearings. (Schedule 1) Eastern Contopus virens Forest gaps, along Wood-Pewee woodland edge; S5B, X SC G5 SC SC perches on exposed SZN branches European Sturnus vulgaris Associated with Starling human development, especially urban SNA No Status G5 No Status No Status X areas, buildings, and farmland Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla Brushy old fields, S5B, woodland edges, and X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN brushy roadsides Gadwall Anas strepera Marsh and wetland S4B, habitats with tall No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN emergent vegetation Golden- Vermivora Dry uplands, winged chysopter swamps, forests and S4B, THR Warbler marshes. X SC G4 THR SZN Regenerating forests (Schedule 1) and/or forest edges. Grasshopper Ammodramus Large human created Sparrow savannarum grasslands, such as S4B, hayfields or pasture, X SC G5 SC No Status SZN often in poorly drained areas.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-45

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Gray Catbird Dumetella Forest clearings, S5B, carolinesis woodland edges, and No Status G5 No Status No Status X SZN overgrown gardens Great Blue Ardea herodias Wet or dry forest, Heron sparsely treed S5B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status X islands, beaver SZN ponds, and marshes Great Crested Myiarchus Deciduous and mixed Flycatcher crinitus forest; nests in cavities (natural or S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status abandoned by SZN woodpeckers, or artificial) Great Horned Bubo virginianus Open, second growth Owl forests, swamps, and S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status agricultural areas Green Heron Butorides Nests in wetlands and S4B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status X virenscens coniferous plantations SZN Green-winged Anas crecca Upland areas with S5B, G5 Teal heavy graminoids or X No Status No Status No Status SZN brush Hairy Leiconotopicus Deciduous, Woodpecker villosus coniferous, and mixed forest but prefers S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status deciduous stands; prefers large blocks of mature forest Henslow’s Ammodramus Open fields, with tall S1B, END Sparrow hesnlowii herbaceous plants or X END G4 END SZN shrubby species (Schedule 1)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-46

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Herring Gull Larus argentatus Coasts, islands, and S5B, cliffs; nests on No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN rooftops in cities Hooded Lophodytes Secluded woodland S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status Merganser cucullatus waterways SZN Hooded Setophaga Mature hardwood S3B, THR Warbler citrina forests with a well X No Status G5 Not at Risk SZN closed canopy. (Schedule 1) Horned Lark Eremophila Pastures and arable S5B, G5 alpestris land, sparsely No Status No Status No Status SZN vegetated fields House Finch Haemorhous Urban parks, yards G5 SNA No Status No Status No Status X mexicanus with trees House Passer Nests in or on Sparrow domesticus buildings and other structures, natural SNA No Status G5 No Status No Status X cavities, nest boxes, and old nests of other species House Wren Troglodytes Cavity nester; readily aedon uses artificial nest S5B No Status G5 No Status No Status boxes Indigo Passerina Roadsides, edges of S5B, Bunting cyanea woodlots and No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN hedgerows

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-47

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Killdeer Charadrius Gravel and sandy vociferus beaches, barren raised beach ridges, gravel bars in the S5B, No Status X G5 No Status No Status X braided lower SZN reaches or rivers, islands in lakes, and limestone alvars King Rail Rallus elegans Marsh and marsh S2S3B, END X END G4G5 END shrub habitat. SZN (Schedule 1) Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Marsh dominated by emergent vegetation S3B, THR X THR G5 THR surrounded by areas SZN (Schedule 1) of open water. Least Empidonax Deciduous forests, Flycatcher minimus mixed forests, rural S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status areas, and pine SZN plantations Loggerhead Lanius Nest in large, open S2B, Shrike ludocicianus grasslands situated X END G4 END No Status SZN on limestone bedrock. Magnolia Setophaga Mixed and conifer Warbler magnolia forests, particularly favouring edge S5B, habitat and natural No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN openings; tend to favour young coniferous growth Mallard Anas Fresh water habitat S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status X platyrhynchos SZN Marsh Wren Cistothorus Shallow to deep- S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status palustris water cattail marshes SZN

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-48

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Mourning Zenaida Open country and S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status X Dove macroura forested areas SZN Mourning Geothlypis Early successional Warbler philadelphia habitats including S5B, regenerating forests, No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN burns, hydro-rights- of-way, and roadsides Mute Swan Cygnus olor Dense cover along shorelines, on SNA No Status G5 No Status No Status X peninsulas and islands Nashville Leiothlypis Open second-growth Warbler ruficapilla mixed and coniferous S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status forests with a shrubby SZN understory Northern Colinus Open habitats, with a Bobwhite virginianus mixture of grasslands, S1S2B, END X END G5 END croplands and dense SZN (Schedule 1) brush. Northern Cardinalis Nests in brushy S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X Cardinal cardinalis tangle Northern Colaptes auratus Open woodlands and Flicker savannahs, along forest edges, and in S5B, wetlands, as well as X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN in urban, suburban, and rural environments Northern Accipiter gentilis Tolerant hardwoods Goshawk and intolerant-mixed G5 No Status G5 Not at Risk No Status woods

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-49

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Northern Circus cyaneus Open country habitat; S4B, Harrier wetlands, and X No Status G5 Not at Risk No Status SZN grasslands Northern Mimus Small trees or shrubs S4B, Mockingbird polyglottos and vine covered No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN fences Northern Stelgidopteryx Nests under bridges Rough- serripennis and other human S5B, winged structures that X No Status G5 No Status No Status X SNZ Swallow provide suitable habitat Northern Aegolius Coniferous forests; Saw-whet acadicus nests in cavities using S4B, Owl abandoned No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN woodpecker wholes and nest-boxes Northern Parkesia Wet mixed deciduous Waterthrush noveboracensis woodlands, included flooded forests and S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status swamps, lake edges, SZN river banks, and wooded ravines Olive-sided Contopus Open areas, such as Flycatcher cooperi forest clearings or S5B, THR X SC G4 THR rivers, with tall trees SZN (Schedule 1) or snags for perching. Orchard Icterus spurius Orchards and open SZB, No Status G5 No Status No Status Oriole woods SZN

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-50

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Osprey Pandion Living trees with dead haliaetus tops, utility poles, close to water in marshes swamps, S4B, No Status G5 No Status No Status X bogs, flooded areas, SZN on islands, and along shorelines of lakes and rivers Ovenbird Seiurus Ground forager and nester that prefers S5B, areas with a closed No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN canopy and deep leaf litter Pied-billed Podilymbus Wetlands and S4B, Grebe podiceps patches of open X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN water Pileated Dryocopus Extensive forest, Woodpecker pileatus urban parks; nests in large patches of mature and older S4S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status forest with a mixture of deciduous and coniferous trees Red-breasted Sitta canadensis Crowns and areas of S5B, Nuthatch dense growth on No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN conifers Red-eyed Vireo olivaceus Deciduous and mixed Vireo forest types with understoreys of S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status shrubs and saplings SZN where nests are often placed

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-51

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Red-headed Melanerpes Wide variety, Woodpecker erythrocephalus including open oak or beech forests, forest edges, orchards, S3B, THR pastures, riparian X SC G5 THR SZN forest, roadsides. (Schedule 1) Usually contain a large number of dead or dying trees. Red- Buteo lineatus Deciduous or mixed shouldered wood forests, with Special S4B, Hawk shade tolerant X No Status G5 Not at Risk Concern SZN hardwood trees, near (Schedule 3) to wetland areas. Red-tailed Buteo Forest edge, older Hawk jamaicensis forests or fencerows S5B, No Status G5 Not at Risk No Status with trees abut large SZN open areas Red-winged Agelaius Large freshwater S5B, Blackbird phoeniceus marshes, wetland and No Status G5 No Status No Status X SZN upland habitats Ring-billed Larus argentatus Nests on urban Gull islands and S5B, peninsulas and No Status G5 No Status No Status X SZN restricted industrial areas Ring-necked Aythya collaris Shallow freshwater S5B, Duck marshes, fens, and X SZN No Status G5 No Status No Status bogs

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-52

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Rock Pigeon Columba livia Nests in or on buildings or artificial features such as SNA No Status G5 No Status No Status bridges, ledges, steeples Rose- Pheucticus Second growth breasted ludonvicianus deciduous woods Grosbeak with relatively open S5B, No Status canopies; well treed X G5 No Status No Status SZN suburban neighborhoods, parks, and gardens Ruby-throated Archilochus Edges and openings Hummingbird colubris in mixed and S5B, deciduous forests, No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN orchards, and residential gardens Ruffed Bonas umbellus Nests in immature Grouse and older forest S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status where understorey is sparse Savannah Psserculus Scattered small trees Sparrow sandwichensis or shrubs; also, S5B, common in beaver X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN meadows and along waterways Scarlet Pirana olivacea Mature deciduous Tanager forests, mixed forests S5B, G5 No Status No Status No Status and young deciduous SZN forests Sharp- Accipiter striatus Dense woods, shinned Hawk favouring conifer No Status Not at Risk No Status stands

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-53

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Short-eared Asio flammeus Open habitats, nest in S5B, SC X SC G5 SC Owl dense grasslands. SZN (Schedule 1) Song Sparrow Melospiza Open, shrubby melodia habitats, often along rivers and lakeshores S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status X as well as in urban SZN areas where sufficient shrub habitat exists Sora Porzana carolina Wetlands, emergent S4B, X No Status G5 No Status No Status marshes SZN Spotted Actitis Lakeshores, islands, Sandpiper macularius riverbanks, marshes, S5B, bogs, ditches, beaver X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN meadows, and sewage lagoons Swamp Melospiza Wetlands, cattail S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status Sparrow georgiana marshes SZN Tree Swallow Tachycineta Open areas including bicolor fields, marshes, and SZN No Status G5 No Status No Status shorelines, as well as in wooded swamps Turkey Cathartes aura Agricultural Vulture landscapes S4B, No Status G5 No Status No Status X interspersed with SZN forest Veery Catharus Moist and swampy S4B, No Status G5 No Status No Status fluscescens woodlands SZN Vesper Pooecetes Short-grass dry fields S4B, Sparrow gramineus and heavily grazed X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN pastures

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-54

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Virginia Rail Rallus limicola Wetlands with S4B, moderately dense X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN vegetation Warbling Vireo gulvus Hedgerows, narrow S5B, Vireo riparian strips, and No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN landscape plantings White- Sitta carolinensis Deciduous and mixed breasted forests; nests close to S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status Nuthatch forest edges or canopy gaps White- Zonotrichia Openings and edges S5B, throated albicollis in coniferous and No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN Sparrow mixed forests Wild Turkey Meleagris Mixed and temperate gallapavo forests and S4 No Status G5 No Status No Status savannahs Willow Empidonax traillii Shrubby fields and S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status Flycatcher pastures SZN Winter Wren Troglodytes Coniferous hiemalis woodlands, wetter S5B, woodlands, swampy No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN areas, and streamside forests Wood Duck Aix sponsa Natural cavities S5B, woodland streams X No Status G5 No Status No Status SZN and ponds Wood Thrush Hylocichla Mature deciduous X S4B SC G4 THR THR mustelina and mixed forests.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-55

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Conservation Status Confirmed Common Priority Scientific Name Habitat Provincial Present Name Species SRANK GRANK COSEWIC4 SARA5 Status2,3 By Hatch Yellow-bellied Sphyapicus Cutover forests where Sapsucker varius residual birches and poplars have been S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status left; thrives in mature SZN tolerant hardwood forests Yellow- Setophaga Mature coniferous rumped coronata and mixed Warbler coniferous-deciduous S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status forest; will use SZN whatever conifer species is present Yellow Setophage Riparian Warbler petechia environments, prefer suburban yards, overgrown fields and S5B, No Status G5 No Status No Status X pastures, power SZN transmission corridors, and river edges.

1 Based on those birds in the second Ontario Breeding Brid Atlas Surveys in Square 18TP98 2 SARO List = Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario; END = Endangered 3 ESA = Ontario Endangered Species Act, 2007; END = listed as Endangered on Schedule 3 3 COSEWIC = Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada; END = Endangered 4 SARA = Species at Risk Act – Canada; END = listed as Endangered on Schedule 1

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-56

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.13.3 Reptiles and Amphibians Based on information from Ontario Nature (2017) map square 18TP98, 27 species of reptiles and amphibians were identified which may reside within the Extended Study Area (Table 4-10). Targeted wildlife surveys completed for the Project are detailed within Section 2.2.2 of the Terrestrial TSD and included breeding birds surveys; crepuscular bird surveys to determine presence/absence of Eastern Whip-Poor-Will and Common Nighthawk, snake visual encounter and basking surveys including for Eastern Ribbonsnake and Northern Watersnake, turtle visual encounter and nesting surveys for Blanding’s Turtle, Eastern Musk Turtle, Northern Map Turtle, Snapping Turtle and Midland Painted Turtle, snag density surveys and bat visual exit/entry surveys (species assumed to be SAR) and amphibian call surveys.

Turtle nesting surveys and amphibian call surveys were completed for 23 consecutive evenings between the hours of 7-10 pm between May 31 and June 22, 2017 in accordance with the MNRF’s “Survey Protocol for Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoiedea blandingii) in Ontario” (2015) and Environment Canada’s “Marsh Monitoring Program Participant’s Handbook for Surveying Amphibians” (2008), respectively. In addition, nine daytime surveys were also completed during this period, which included visual encounter surveys for turtles and snakes following the MNRF’s December 2016 document Survey Protocol for Ontario’s Species at Risk Snakes. Visual encounter surveys for turtles and incidental wildlife observations were also completed in the spring and summer of 2016. Field studies completed for the Project confirmed the presence of the following reptile and amphibian species:

• Midland Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata) – Several seen upstream of the Project Area, adjacent to an existing rail corridor.

• Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentine) – Multiple seen basking upstream of the Project Area adjacent to an existing rail corridor, one seen nesting on a trailside north of the Project, and one juvenile seen using trail ways within the Project to migrate between wetlands.

• Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica) – Two juvenile turtles seen basking upstream of the Project Area adjacent to an existing rail corridor. One seen travelling back into the Trent River after, (assumed to have just completed nesting activity).

• Eastern Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) – Adult incidentally captured approximately 800 m downstream of Dam 1 within the trapnet during the fall fish community program. The turtle was released unharmed.

• Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) – Multiple seen basking within and adjacent to the Project Area both basking and swimming in the Trent River, including one juvenile.

• Eastern Gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtali) - Multiple seen basking and foraging within and adjacent to the Project Area.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-57

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus) – Incidental observations of American Toad within the vicinity of the Project.

• Green Frog (Rana clamitans) – Heard calling during 2016 site investigations and incidentally observed within the Project Area

• Grey Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) – Heard calling from a wetland complex northeast of the Project (outside of Study Area), one heard calling from within the Project Area

• American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) – One heard calling from a wetland complex north of the Project, adjacent to an existing rail corridor.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-58

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 4-10: Reptiles and Amphibians Potentially Occurring within the Extended Study Area and Their Conservation Status

Confirmed Provincial COSEWIC Federal Common Name Scientific Name SRANK GRANK Present by Status2,3 Status4 Status5 Hatch Salamanders Common Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus maculosus S5 No Status G5T5 Not at Risk No Status

Blue-spotted Salamander Ambystoma laterale S4 No Status G5 No Status No Status Jefferson/Blue-spotted Ambystoma jeffersonianum- END END THR Salamander Complex laterale “complex” (Schedule 1) Jefferson / Blue-spotted Ambystome jeffersonianum – END END THR Salamander Polypoids laterale polypoids (Schedule 1) Eastern Red-backed Plethodon cinereus S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status Salamander Frogs and Toads American Toad Bufo americanus S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X Spring Peeper Pseudacris crucifer S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status Western Chorus Frog Pseudacris triseriata S4 No Status G5NTR THR THR (Schedule 1) Gray Treefrog Hyla versicolor S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X Wood Frog Rana sylvatica S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status Pickerel Frog Lithobates palustris S4 No Status G5 No Status No Status Green Frog Rana clamitans G5 No Status S5 No Status No Status X Mink Frog Lithobates septentriunalis S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status Bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus S4 No Status G5 No Status No Status X

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-59

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Confirmed Provincial COSEWIC Federal Common Name Scientific Name SRANK GRANK Present by Status2,3 Status4 Status5 Hatch Snakes Eastern Ribbonsnake Thamnophis sauritus S3 SC G5 SC SC (Great Lakes Population) (Schedule 1) Eastern Gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis S5 No Status G5 No Status No Status X Northern Watersnake Nerodia sipedon sipedon S5 No Status G5T5 Not at Risk No Status X Eastern Milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum S3 No Status G5 SC SC (Schedule 1) Smooth Greensnake Ophedorys vernalis S4 No Status G5 No Status No Status Turtles Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina S3 SC G5 SC SC X (Schedule 1) Midland Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta marginata S4 No Status G5T5 No Status No Status X Northern Map Turtle Graptemys geographica S3 SC G5 SC SC X (Schedule 1) Blanding’s Turtle Emydoidea blandingii S3 THR G4 END END (Schedule 1) Eastern Musk Turtle Sternotherus odoratus S3 SC G5 SC THR X (Stinkpot) (Schedule 1)

1 Based on those species found within the Ontario Nature Interactive Range Maps 2 SARO List = Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario; END = Endangered 3 ESA = Ontario Endangered Species Act, 2007; END = listed as Endangered on Schedule 3 3 COSEWIC = Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada; END = Endangered 4 SARA = Species at Risk Act – Canada; END = listed as Endangered on Schedule 1.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-60

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.14 Terrestrial Wildlife Habitat

4.1.14.1 Seasonal Concentration Areas of Animals The Natural Heritage Resource Manual (NHRM) (MNRF, 2010b) describes seasonal concentration areas of animals as areas where animals occur in relatively high densities for the species, at specific periods in their lifecycles and/or in particular seasons. These areas tend to be localized and relatively small in relation to the area of habitat used at other times of the year.

The criteria outlined in the SWH Ecoregion 6E Criterion Schedule (MNRF, 2015b) was used to determine the presence/absence and evaluate the significance of seasonal concentration areas within the Local Study Area. An assessment of each of the habitat types associated with this category is provided in Table C-1 (Appendix C).

Seasonal concentration areas evaluated included:

• Waterfowl Stopover and Staging Areas (Terrestrial)

• Waterfowl Stopover and Staging Areas (Aquatic)

• Shorebird Migratory Stopover Area

• Raptor Wintering Area

• Bat Hibernacula

• Bat Maternity Colonies

• Turtle Wintering Areas

• Reptile Hibernacula

• Colonially – Nesting Bird Breeding Habitat (Bank and Cliff)

• Colonially – Nesting Bird Breeding Habitat (Trees/Shrubs)

• Colonially – Nesting Bird Breeding Habitat (Ground)

• Migratory Butterfly Stopover Areas

• Landbird Migratory Stopover Areas

• Deer Yarding Areas

• Deer Winter Congregation Areas.

Bat Maternity Colonies, Turtle Wintering Areas and Reptile Hibernacula were evaluated as significant and were carried forward in the DIA for impact assessment.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-61

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.14.2 Rare Vegetation Communities The NHRM (MNRF, 2010b) describes rare vegetation communities as:

• Areas that contain a provincially rare vegetation community

• Areas that contain a vegetation community that is rare within the planning area.

The criteria outlined in the SWH Ecoregion 6E Criterion Schedule (MNRF, 2015) was used to determine the presence/absence and evaluate the significance of rare vegetation communities within the Local Study Area. An assessment of each of the rare vegetation communities is provided in Table C-2 (See Appendix C).

Rare vegetation communities evaluated for include: Cliffs and Talus Slopes, Sand Barren, Alvar, Old Growth Forest, Savannah, Tallgrass Prairie and Other Rare Vegetation Communities. No significant rare vegetation communities were identified.

4.1.14.3 Specialized Habitat for Wildlife The NHRM (MNRF, 2010b) describes specialized habitats for wildlife as:

• Areas that support wildlife species that have highly specific habitat requirements

• Areas with high species and community diversity

• Areas that provide habitat that greatly enhances species’ survival.

The criteria outlined in the SWH Ecoregion 6E Criterion Schedule (MNRF, 2015b) was used to determine the presence/absence and evaluate the significance of specialized wildlife habitat within the Local Study Area. An assessment of each of the habitat types associated with this category is provided in Table C-3 (See Appendix C).

Specialized habitat for wildlife evaluated includes:

• Waterfowl Nesting Area

• Bald Eagle and Osprey Nesting

• Foraging and Perching Habitat

• Woodland Raptor Nesting Habitat

• Turtle Nesting Areas, Seeps and Springs

• Amphibian Breeding Habitat (Woodland)

• Amphibian Breeding Habitat (Wetlands)

• Woodland Area Sensitive Bird Breeding Habitat.

Turtle Nesting Areas and Amphibian Breeding Habitat (Wetlands) within the Local Study Area were evaluated as significant and were carried forward in the DIA for impact assessment.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-62

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.14.4 Habitat for Species of Conservation Concern Species whose habitat would be considered as belonging to this category include:

• Species that are designated at the national level as endangered or threatened by COSEWIC, which are not protected in regulation under the ESA.

• Species listed as special concern under the ESA on the SARO List.

The NHRM (MNRF, 2010b) defines habitats of species of conservation concern (SoCC) as:

• Habitat for species that are rare or substantially declining, or have a high percentage of their global population in Ontario.

The SWHTG (MNRF, 2000) defines rare or significant species at six (6) levels as follows:

1. Globally significant

2. Nationally significant

3. Provincially significant

4. Regionally significant

5. Locally significant (within a site district)

6. Significant within a planning authority’s jurisdiction.

SoCC does not include provincially or federally designated species listed Endangered, Threatened or as Special Concern and protected in regulation under the ESA or Schedule 1 of SARA. Those species are identified as “SAR” and will be discussed in Section 4.1.15.

The habitat guilds and criteria outlined in the SWH Ecoregion 6E Criterion Schedule (MNRF, 2015b) was used to determine the presence/absence and evaluate the significance of habitat for SoCC recorded within the Local Study Area. An assessment of each of the habitat guilds associated with this category is provided in Table C-4 (See Appendix C).

Habitat for species of conservation concern evaluated includes:

• Marsh Breeding Bird Habitat

• Open Country Bird Breeding Habitat

• Shrub/Early Successional Bird Breeding Habitat

• Terrestrial Crayfish

• Rare Wildlife Species (excludes species designated as special concern as these will be addressed as SAR in Section 4.1.15).

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-63

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.1.14.5 Animal Movement Corridors The NHRM (MNRF, 2010b) describes animal movement corridors as:

• Habitats that link two or more wildlife habitats that are critical to the maintenance of a population of a particular species or group of species

• Habitats with a key ecological function to enable wildlife to move, with minimum mortality, between areas of significant wildlife habitat or core natural areas.

The criteria outlined in the SWH Ecoregion 6E Criterion Schedule (MNRF, 2015b) were used to determine the presence/absence and evaluate the significance of animal movement corridors within the Local Study Area. An assessment of each of the habitat types associated with this category is provided in Table C-5 (See Appendix C).

Animal movement corridors evaluated includes: Amphibian Movement Corridors and Deer Movement Corridors.

Only amphibian movement corridors were evaluated as significant and were carried forward in the DIA for impact assessment.

4.1.15 Species At Risk

4.1.15.1 Aquatic Five federal or provincial species at risk were confirmed to be residing in or utilizing the Downstream ZOI.

Channel Darter

Channel Darter are designated as Threatened under SARA and ESA. Channel Darter were noted as inhabiting areas downstream of Dam 1 by MNRF in 2016, as well as being present within the reaches of the Trent River further upstream (per DFO’s SAR mapping). However, habitat characteristics within the upstream ZOI are not considered to be ideal for Channel Darter. Flow modelling was undertaken for the downstream reach at various flow scenarios, simulating natural flows for comparison to known Channel Darter preferences. These flow simulations were integrated with onsite depth and substrate conditions to illustrate frequency of suitable habitat.

Section 7 of this DIA present the methodology for characterizing, as well as the baseline conditions (i.e. existing critical habitat for the Channel Darter) within the Downstream ZOI; sources of, and potential adverse effects to the Channel Darter and its critical habitat; the feasible measures that will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity; the residual effects of the Project following feasible measures and the significance of those effects.

River Redhorse

River Redhorse inhabits waterways within Southern Ontario and Quebec and are classified as a species of special concern by both ESA and SARA. Five redhorse species were

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-64

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

reported as residing in the Bay of Quinte by CSAS 2014, and can be difficult to distinguish from one another (Government of Ontario, 2015c). MNRF confirmed four redhorse species (River Redhorse, Greater Redhorse (Moxostoma valenciennesi), Shorthead Redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) and Silver Redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum) utilize the downstream reach. Large numbers of redhorse and sucker species were visually observed by Hatch biologists along the western bank immediately downstream of Trenton Dam 1 as well as near the crest of the downstream rapids. A single River Redhorse was found lodged between emerging boulders in the downstream rapids near the eastern bank. Based on habitat preferences and observation, River Redhorse as well as other redhorse species are expected to spawn within gravel/cobble deposits within the western periphery of the plunge pool, as well as downstream of the rapids within the main river channel, as well as along the eastern bank within the Downstream Area. River Redhorse are expected to utilize the Downstream ZOI for both spawning and foraging activities. Existing spawning habitat figures can be found in the Aquatic TSD.

American Eel

American Eel are reported to inhabit the entire downstream ZOI as well as the reaches of the Trent River upstream of Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Ontario has designated the American Eel as an Endangered species. COSEWIC currently has the American Eel listed as a threatened species; however, there is currently no federal designation. Juveniles are expected to reside within the shallow waters downstream of Trenton Lock 1 Dam, foraging on the abundant benthic invertebrates. Upstream ZOI utilization is likely occurring as well; however, the extent of this utilization is currently unknown.

Lake Sturgeon

Lake Sturgeon are native to the Great Lakes basin; however, the population residing within the Great Lakes is currently listed as a “Threatened Species” provincially. As noted in Section 4.1.9, The MNRF confirmed presence of Lake Sturgeon through the capture of two (2) individuals in spring of 2017. The downstream reaches of the Trent River are considered suitable spawning grounds for the Lake Sturgeon. However, it is anticipated that only minimal use occurs. Existing spawning habitat figures can be found in Hatch’s Aquatic TSD.

Eastern Pondmussel

The Eastern Pondmussel presence in the upstream and downstream ZOI is unlikely even though a single live Eastern Pondmussel specimen was recorded within the downstream ZOI in recent years as reported to Hatch by PCA (PCA, 2016). Although the SAR Public Registry states that there are only two known populations within Canadian waters (Lyn Creek and Lake St. Clair delta); they are also known to inhabit the Trent-Severn Waterway (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2016). In rare instances, discarded shells from Eastern Pondmussel have been identified along the western bank of the downstream ZOI; however, the presence of the majority of shells is assumed to be a result of downstream movement from upstream

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-65

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

tributaries (PCA 2016b). The Eastern Pondmussel prefers slow-moving waters with sand or mud substrates typical of bays and shorelines of lakes and rivers (Government of Ontario, 2015a). Hatch biologists noted that the wetland within the upstream ZOI possesses suitable habitat during normal operational water levels; however, at times in 2016, low water conditions resulted in water in this area to drop, exposing substrates. These conditions would limit the possibility of their presence as increasing predator accessibility would likely occur.

4.1.15.2 Vegetation The following plant species were identified from the MNRF NHIC records for the 1 km2 map squares within which the Project falls. An assessment of habitat suitability and presence/absence of these species is discussed below:

Ogden’s Pondweed (Potamogeton ogdenii)

Ogden’s Pondweed is found in clear, slow moving streams, beaver ponds, and lakes. Site investigations were conducted for 23 consecutive days, from May 31 through June 22 of 2017. During this time, Ogden’s Pondweed was not observed. Ogden’s Pondweed populations have been noted in Hastings County for the last time in 1873.

Butternut (Juglans cinerea)

Butternut is typically found along floodplains of streams in rich, moist, and well-drained soil. A search for butternut was completed during the vegetation surveys. No butternut were observed within or immediately surrounding the Project footprint.

4.1.15.3 Birds The desktop study identified the following bird species as having the potential to occur within the Project Area and Local Study Area. An assessment of habitat suitability and presence/absence of these species is discussed below:

Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia)

The Bank Swallow is listed as Threatened under the ESA and under SARA. They are commonly found nesting in natural and man-made settings where there are vertical faces in silt and sand deposits – often on banks of rivers or lakes (EC, 2017a). Nine site investigations took place, between May 31 and June 22 of 2017. During this time, there were no Bank Swallows or nests observed/heard calling; despite the mineral treed bluff adjacent to the eastern bank of the Trent River and south of the dam providing suitable habitat. No nests were observed; however, structures such as the dam and abandoned infrastructure in the area would require inspection for nests to confirm.

Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)

Similar to the Bank Swallow, the Barn Swallow is described as Threatened under the ESA and under SARA. They are commonly found nesting in man-made structures such as barns with unpainted rough wood, and dam structures (EC, 2017b). No sightings of this species or

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-66

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

its nests were observed; however, structures such as the dam and abandoned infrastructure in the area would require inspection for nests to confirm

Black Tern (Chlidonias niger)

The Black Tern is listed as Special Concern under the ESA. Typically found in shallow marshes with cattails, this species was recorded during the first breeding bird atlas survey but was not recorded in the second (Government of Ontario, 2016a). Nine site investigations took place, between May 31 and June 22 of 2017. During this time, there were no Black Terns or nests observed/heard calling. A limited area of suitable habitat which may be used is present within the cattail marsh communities.

Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica)

The Chimney Swift is listed as Threatened under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA. Chimney Swift are commonly observed over cities foraging on the wing for insects in the early morning and at dusk. Though this species nests in hollow trees or other tree cavities in undisturbed areas, in urban environments they are commonly found, as would be expected, nesting in chimneys (EC, 2017c). Nine site investigations took place, between May 31 and June 22 of 2017. During this time, there were no Chimney Swifts heard/observed. Structures within the proposed Project Area were investigated for signs of nests and active breeding; no evidence was found.

Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor)

The Common Nighthawk is described as being of Special Concern under the ESA and Threatened under Schedule 1 of SARA. Preferred nesting sites are bare ground in open areas, grasslands, clear-cuts, sandy areas, rocky bluffs, open forests and urban areas (EC, 2017d). Multiple common nighthawks were observed foraging and calling during the site investigations spanning from May 31 to June 22, 2017. This species was primarily observed or heard calling in the treed areas near the southern boundary of the Project, primarily near Chester Road. The species utilizes an array of habitats, of which some are considered present within the proposed Project Area, such as open areas and the rocky bluff along the Trent River.

Eastern Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferous)

Eastern Whip-poor-will is described as being Threatened under the ESA and Threatened under Schedule 1 of SARA. Habitat includes semi-opened forests or patchy forests with clearings. Targeted Whip-poor-will surveys took place between the dates of May-31 and June 22. Surveys resulted in no sightings of or calls heard from the species.

Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens)

The Eastern Wood-pewee is listed as Special Concern under ESA and under SARA. This species prefers the mid-canopy layer of forest clearings and edges of deciduous and mixed forest with little understory. Suitable habitat is present near the proposed Project Area within

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-67

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

the forested areas (Government of Ontario, 2017c). This species was not observed or heard calling during the nine site investigations that took place between May 31 and June 22 of 2017.

Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chysoptera)

The Golden-winged Warbler is listed as Special Concern under the ESA and Threatened under COSEWIC and Schedule 1 of SARA. Preferred habitat is dry uplands, swamps, marshes and regenerating forests and/or forest edges (EC, 2017g). Nine site investigations took place between May 31 and June 22 of 2017. During this time, there were no Golden- winged Warblers observed or heard calling.

King Rail (Rallus elegans)

The King Rail is listed as Endangered under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA. Preferred nesting sites include cattail marshes, wet meadows, and natural, sometimes shrubby swales where there is fairly thick emergent vegetation (EC, 2017i). Suitable habitat is present within the wetland communities along the Trent River bank north of the proposed Project Area. Nine site investigations took place between May 31 and June 22 of 2017. During this time, there was no King Rails observed or heard calling.

Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis)

The Least Bittern, a species of heron, is listed as Threatened under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA. They are commonly found in marsh dominated by emergent vegetation surrounded by open water areas (EC, 2017j). Suitable habitat is present within the wetland communities along the Trent River bank north of the proposed Project Area. Nine site investigations took place between May 31 and June 22 of 2017. During this time, Least Bittern was not observed or heard calling.

Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus coopen)

The Olive-sided Flycatcher is listed as special concern under the ESA, and threatened under Schedule 1 of SARA. They are commonly found in the edge habitat of conifer or mixed wood forests with large trees or snags which are required for foraging. Ideal locations are the edge habitat of mature forests that are adjacent to natural or manmade openings (EC, 2017k). There is suitable habitat within the Project Area alongside the Trent River and human created paths and clearings. However, there was no Olive-sided Flycatchers seen or heard calling over the nine site investigations that took place between May 31 through June 22 of 2017.

Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)

The Red-headed Woodpecker is listed as Special Concern under the ESA and Threatened under Schedule 1 of SARA. Red-headed Woodpecker commonly breed in open woodlands and woodland edges, especially riparian forest. Red-headed Woodpeckers require large, dead weathered trees or live trees with large dead branches for provision of nest sites (EC, 2017l). Suitable habitat is present within the surrounding proposed Project Area. However,

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-68

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

there was no Red-Headed woodpeckers seen or heard calling over the nine site investigations that took place between May 31 through June 22 of 2017.

Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)

The Red-shouldered Hawk is listed as Special Concern under SARA. This species prefers deciduous or mixed wood forests, with shade tolerant hardwood trees, in proximity to wetland areas (EC, 2017m). Suitable habitat is present within and surrounding the proposed Project Area. However, there was no Red-shouldered Hawks seen or heard calling over the nine site investigations that took place between May 31 through June 22 of 2017.

Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)

The Wood Thrush is listed as Special Concern under the ESA and Threatened under SARA. Preferred breeding areas include mature deciduous and mixed forests with the presence of tall trees and a thick understory (Government of Ontario, 2015d). The deciduous communities adjacent and within the proposed Project Area may provide suitable habitat. However, there was no Wood Thrush seen or heard calling over the nine site investigations took place between May 31 and June 22 of 2017.

4.1.15.4 Mammals Based on the Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario (Dobbyn, 1994) the following bat species have the potential to occur within the Project Area and Local Study Area.

• Small-footed Bat (Myotis leibii) – The Small-footed Bat is listed as Endangered under the ESA, however is currently not listed under SARA. This species prefers to roost in or under rocks, in rock outcrops, in buildings, under bridges, or hollow (snag) trees (Government of Ontario, 2017b). Suitable roosting habitat including rocks, buildings, bridges and hollow trees exist within the Local Study Area.

• Northern Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifuga) – Listed as Endangered under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA, this species prefers attics, abandoned buildings and barns for summer colonies where they can raise their young (Government of Ontario, 2016c). Some small abandoned structures exist within the Local Study Area which may provide limited roosting habitat.

• Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) – Listed as Endangered under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA, this species is associated with boreal forests, roosting under loose bark and in the cavities of trees (Government of Ontario, 2016d). Trees with loose bark and cavities exist within the Local Study Area which may serve as potential roosting habitat.

• Tri-coloured Bat (Perimyotis subflavus) – Similar to the northern myotis, the Tri- coloured Bat is listed as Endangered under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA. This species is found in many forested habitats as well as barns and other human structures during the summer and caves or underground locations for overwintering (Government of

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-69

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Ontario, 2016e). Trees with loose bark and cavities some small abandoned structures exist within the Study Area which may serve as potential roosting habitat.

A bat habitat assessment was completed for the Project (detailed in the Terrestrial TSD (Hatch, 2017)). The assessment identified several potential snag trees within the woodlands north and south of the Project. These snag trees are located outside of the Project footprint but within the Local Study Area. Visual exit/entry surveys for bats were also conducted within the woodland to the north per recommendations from MNRF. There were no bats observed within that woodland. However, bats were observed aerial foraging near the woodland south of the Project during the surveys completed between May 31 and June 23, 2017. Bats were not observed every night and when they were observed, it was typically only one or two bats. There were only two nights where up to six bats were observed at one time. All bats were observed foraging in the same area, near the trail that runs through the graminoid meadow community (MEGM3) adjacent to the woodland (FOD8-1) along the southern boundary of the Project. It is possible that the bats are only using the Project footprint for foraging. However, for the purposes of the assessment, an assumption will be made that the southern woodland (FOD8-1) provides maternity colony habitat. It will be assumed that both maternity and foraging habitats are present.

4.1.15.5 Reptiles and Amphibians Based on known ranges of reptiles and amphibians indicated by the Ontario Nature (2017) range maps, 10 reptile and amphibian SAR may potentially occur within the Project Area.

Jefferson/Blue-spotted Salamander Complex (Ambystoma jeffersonianum – laterale “complex”) and Jefferson/Blue-spotted Salamander Polypoids (Ambystoma jeffersonianum – laterale polyploids)

The Jefferson/Blue-spotted Salamander species, listed as Endangered under ESA and Threatened under Schedule 1 of SARA, prefers moist, loose soil under logs or in leaf litter. In forest habitats, Jefferson Salamanders prefer to be underground in rodent burrows and under rocks and/or stumps (Government of Ontario, 2016b). Forested areas in close proximity to the wetland community north of the Project Area may serve as suitable breeding habitat for this species. No Jefferson/Blue-spotted Salamander Complex’s or Polypoids were observed during any field investigations.

Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata) – Great Lakes/St. Lawrence- Canadian Shield Population

The Western Chorus Frog is listed as Threatened under Schedule 1 of SARA. Primarily a lowland terrestrial species, the Western Chorus Frog prefers marsh or wooded wetlands areas on the ground or in low shrubs and grass (EC, 2017n). The wetland community north of the Project Area may serve as suitable habitat for this species. This species was not confirmed to be present during the field studies.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-70

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Eastern Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis sauritus)

The Eastern Ribbonsnake (Great Lakes Population), listed as Special Concern under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA, prefers low vegetation on the edge of quiet, shallow waters such as ponds, streams, marshes, swamps or bogs (EC, 2017e). Forested areas bordering the Trent River within the Project Area may serve as suitable habitat for this species. This species was not confirmed to be present during the field studies.

Eastern Milksnake (Lampropetis triangulum)

Eastern Milksnake, listed as Special Concern under Schedule 1 of SARA, is a habitat generalist being found in an array of habitats from fields to forests in proximity to water (EC, 2017f). As a generalist species, suitable habitat may be found within and adjacent to the Project Area. This species was not confirmed to be present during the field studies.

Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii)

The Blanding’s Turtle is listed as Threatened under the ESA and Endangered under Schedule 1 of SARA. This species prefers shallow water within large wetlands with emergent vegetation. Potential habitat for this species exists with the Project Area along the Trent River and north of the Project where a nearby wetland community, complete with emergent vegetation, presence has been confirmed. Turtle nesting and visual encounter surveys were completed for this species between May 31 and June 22, 2017. This species was not confirmed to be present during the field studies.

Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

The Snapping Turtle, listed as Special Concern under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA, prefers lakes and permanent ponds with a muddy bottom. This species was confirmed to be present within the wetlands upstream of the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam. A dead adult Snapping Turtle was also observed along the trail near Chester Road on the way to the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam. This turtle was observed during the period when the adjacent landowner was removing debris that had slid down the hill into the woodland along the southern boundary of the Project. The turtle was possibly disturbed by and struck by the heavy equipment during the course of the debris removal. This incident was reported to the City and MNRF as staff were on site conducting turtle nesting surveys when this occurred. A juvenile Snapping Turtle was also observed near the entrance to the site at Chester Road a few days later. Due to concerns that the turtle would be injured or killed (dirt bikes were on the trail), Hatch staff relocated the turtle to the wetlands upstream of the Project as this was the direction in which the turtle was moving at the time it was observed.

Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica)

Similar to the Snapping Turtle, the Northern Map Turtle is described as a species of Special Concern under the ESA and Schedule 1 of SARA. This species is commonly associated with

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-71

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

rivers and lakeshores with suitable basking sites. This species was confirmed to be present within the wetlands upstream of the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam.

Eastern Musk Turtle – Stinkpot (Sternotherus odoratus)

The Eastern Musk Turtle is listed as Special Concern under the ESA; it is listed as Threatened under Schedule 1 of SARA, however is expected to be downgraded to special concern under SARA as per the COSEWIC recommendation. Found in ponds, lakes, marshes and rivers that are generally slow moving with abundant emergent vegetation and muddy bottoms for winter hibernation (Government of Ontario, 2017a). This species was confirmed to be present within the wetlands upstream of the existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam. 4.2 Social Environment Information used to characterize the social environment has been obtained from various sources including government websites (e.g., Statistics Canada, City of Quinte West), literature review and field observations. For the purposes of characterizing the social environment, the Project Area and Extended Study Area remain as defined in Section 2 above. The Extended Study Area has been tailored to match the geographic extent of potential effects to the social environment. Although many potential effects may be confined within the Project Area, the social effects of the Project will likely extend into the surrounding vicinity, including the City of Quinte West and potentially to the larger regional area.

4.2.1 Community Profile

4.2.1.1 Population Characteristics The Project is located within the City of Quinte West, which is located in, but administratively separate from, Hastings County in Southern Ontario. Trenton Lock 1 is the terminus of the Trent-Severn Waterway. The City of Quinte West has an area of approximately 500 km2 and the population density in 2016 was 88.2 persons/km2.

Table 4-11 provides census information for the City of Quinte West, Hastings County and the Province of Ontario. Table 4-11: Population Characteristics for the City of Quinte West, Hastings County and the Province of Ontario, 2016

City of Quinte Hastings Province of Census Data West County Ontario Population Counts Population in 2016 43,577 136,445 13,448,494 Population in 2011 43,086 134,934 12,851,821 Population Change 2011 to 2016 (%) 1.1 1.1 4.6 Age Characteristics Median Age of the Population 42.7 43.8 41 Percentage of the population aged 84 83.9 83.6 15 years and older Source: Statistics Canada, 2016.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-72

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

According to the 2016 census for the City of Quinte West, and based on the total Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity population of 42,860, 1,205 or 2.8% people identified themselves as Aboriginal. Aboriginal population within the province represents 2.8% of Ontario’s population (based on a total Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity population of 13,242,160 people) (Statistics Canada, 2017).

4.2.1.2 Local Residents The nearest residents to the Project are single dwelling residences in the nearby neighbourhoods of Astra and Trenton Junction south of Highway 401, located approximately 1 km east and 1 km west of Lock 1, respectively. Residential areas in the immediate area are depicted in Figure 1-1.

4.2.1.3 Property Values The median value of dwellings in Quinte West in 2016 was $219,986 and the average value of an owned dwelling within the City of Quinte West in 2016 was $253,672. The average value of an owned dwelling is defined as the dollar amount expected by the owner if a dwelling were to be sold. (Statistics Canada, 2017)

4.2.1.4 Employment and Industry In 2016, the Quinte West labour force participation rate was 60.3%, the employment rate was 56.5% and the unemployment rate was 6.3%. According to Statistics Canada (2016), the city has a labour force totalling 21,620 people. By comparison, the provincial participation rate was 64.7% in 2016, while the employment rate was 59.9% and unemployment rate was 7.4%. Table 4-12 provides the total experienced labour force by occupation and industry (%) for the City of Quinte West and the Province of Ontario. (Statistics Canada, 2017) Table 4-12: Total Experienced Labour Force by Occupation and Industry for the City of Quinte West and the Province of Ontario

Total Total Employed, Employed, Industrial Classification Quinte West Ontario (%) (%) Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2.0% 1.5% Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 0.1% 0.5% Utilities 0.5% 0.7% Construction 6.3% 6.8% Manufacturing 13.1% 9.8% Wholesale trade 3.4% 3.9% Retail trade 11.0% 11.2% Transportation and warehousing 5.4% 4.7% Information and cultural industries 1.1% 2.5% Finance and insurance 1.6% 5.5% Real estate and rental and leasing 1.5% 2.1%

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-73

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Total Total Employed, Employed, Industrial Classification Quinte West Ontario (%) (%) Professional, scientific and technical services 3.1% 8.1% Management of companies and enterprises 0.0% 0.2% Administrative and support, waste management 5.9% 4.9% and remediation services Educational services 5.3% 7.6% Health care and social assistance 11.1% 10.8% Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.1% 2.1% Accommodation and food services 6.6% 6.9% Other services (except public administration) 3.9% 4.3% Public administration 16.9% 6.0%

Source: Statistics Canada, 2017.

Within Quinte West, the top industries are: public administration, manufacturing, and health care and social assistance. For Ontario, the top industries are: retail trade, health care and social assistance, and manufacturing (Statistics Canada 2016). Major employers in the City of Quinte West are the Canadian Armed Forces (CFB Trenton), Metro Paper Industries Tissue Group, Nestle Canada Inc., Electro Cables Inc., and Globamed Inc.

4.2.1.5 Local Businesses/Municipal Services Local businesses in the vicinity of the Project include McCurdy Chevrolet Buick GMC Ltd, located on Trenton-Frankford Road immediately northwest of the Project Area. Also, located in a complex on Trenton-Frankford Road immediately west of the Project Area are Discount Car & Truck Rentals, Autotrend Collision, Munns Auto Repair, Battlefield Equipment Rentals, Ultramar and Tim Horton’s.

The City of Quinte West pumping stations are located at the end of Chester Road and represent the closest municipal service in the vicinity of the Project Area. These stations, as well as their underground infrastructure are presented in Drawing G03 of Appendix B.

Waste Management – Trenton Transfer Station is located at 26 Chester Road to the east of Lock 1 on the east side of the Trent River. Crawford Metal Corporation is located at 300 West Street, and Green Terra Homes is located at 260 West Street. These represent the closest businesses on the east side of the Trent River. Norampac Inc. is located at 300 Marmoa St. and is south and east of the Project Area on the east side of the river.

4.2.2 Land Tenure and Land Use Policies

4.2.2.1 Land Tenure The generating station is proposed to be located on federal lands owned by PCA, however, according to information provided by PCA (PCA, 2016a); the boundary of federal lands

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-74

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

owned by PCA within the bed of the river extend only to the high-water mark. Accordingly, permanent Project components (e.g. tailrace components (such as erosion control measures along the eastern bank, and connection line)) may be located on private lands owned by the City of Quinte West and/or other private lands.

Temporary Project components are currently proposed to be located on PCA freehold land, on PCA land leased/licenced to the City of Quinte West (formerly City of Trenton), on private land owned by the City of Quinte West, and on lands owned by other private entities.

Figure 1-3 identifies land tenure within the vicinity of the Project.

4.2.2.2 Official Plan – City of Quinte West According to the City of Quinte West Official Plan Schedule “A” – Land Use, the Project Area is designated as Urban – Planning District.

4.2.2.3 City of Quinte West – Zoning By-Law The City of Quinte West Comprehensive Zoning By-law (2017) identifies the Project Area is within General Industrial (GM) Zone, Environmental Protection (EP) Zone and Open Space (OS) Zone with portions of the Project Area within the Source Water Protection (SWP) Zone. The entire Project Area is designated as Methadone Holding (-MH) Zone.

The immediate area on the west bank of the Trent River is designated as a Service Industrial (SM) Zone and Source Water Protection Area. Other surrounding land uses include Corridor Commercial (CC) Zone and Open Space (OS) Zone.

4.2.3 Tourism and Recreation

4.2.3.1 Trent-Severn Waterway The Trent-Severn Waterway originates in Quinte West and connects Lake Ontario through inland waterways to Lake Huron. Boaters travelling northwest through Frankford, Sidney and Murray wards can stop at seven (7) Parks Canada locks. The length of the waterway is 386 km and includes 45 locks. Two of the locks are hydraulic and unique in North America.

4.2.3.2 Boating Boating activities on the Bay of Quinte include sailing, kayaking, personal watercraft, yachting and speed boating. Races and regattas are held in the area throughout the summer and there are many boating clubs and associations. Boat rentals and charters are also available in many locations. The Trent-Severn Waterway is a popular summer boating attraction, and the mouth of the waterway at Trenton is known as the gateway to the Trent-Severn Waterway.

4.2.3.3 Rowing The Trenton Rowing and Paddling Club is located approximately 2 km downstream of the Project Area, and use the Trent River for three seasons out of the year.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-75

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.2.3.4 Trent Port Marina The Trent Port Marina is a municipal marina accessible from the Trent-Severn, Bay of Quinte and Murray Canal which leads to Lake Ontario.

4.2.3.5 Trails/Geocaching Quinte West offers trails for walking, biking, rollerblading, dog walking and hiking. GPS units are offered free of charge for geocaching from the Quinte West Chamber of Commerce. The peninsula separating Lock 1 from the Trent River immediately west of the Project Area is considered to be part of the Trenton Greenbelt Conservation Area which is located along the western bank of the river and is used for picnics and hiking. The Jack Lange Memorial Walkway starts at the Boat Launch at 441 Front St. and extends to Lock 1 on the west bank of the Trent River. The trail is used for walking, hiking or biking, and is used most frequently by boaters wanting to come onshore. Within the Project Area, an informal network of trails is located on public and private lands. These trails are identified in Figure 4-29.

4.2.3.6 Recreation and Angling within the Vicinity of the Project Area Angling, hiking, swimming and boating are known to be popular recreational activities within the vicinity of the proposed Project Area. During Hatch’s site investigations in 2016 and 2017 people were constantly observed to be fishing on both sides of the Trent River, upstream and downstream of the dam. It is estimated that 2 to 5 people were fishing at all times of day. People were observed hiking, swimming (upstream of the dam), boating downstream and having bonfires on the eastern bank. In addition, people were also observed using the active rail line bridge upstream of the Project Area to cross the Trent River.

Angling is an important recreational use within the vicinity of the Project, both within the Trent River and the larger Bay of Quinte. Popular recreational species include Walleye, Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Smallmouth Bass, Northern Pike, Muskellunge, Yellow Perch and Lake Whitefish. The first weekend of May is the annual Walleye World Live Release Fishing Derby. Many other fishing tournaments are held throughout the summer, fall and winter.

Fisheries resources were discussed in more detail within Section 4.1.9 and the Aquatic TSD.

4.2.4 Cultural Resources, Heritage and Archaeological Sites, Lands and Resources used for Traditional Purposes by Indigenous Communities

4.2.4.1 Historical Context 4.2.4.1.1 The City of Quinte West Quinte West was formed through the amalgamation of the city of Trenton, the village of Frankford and the townships of Murray and Sidney on January 1, 1998. Trenton is the largest community and serves as the administrative and commercial centre.

In 1615, French explorer Samuel de Champlain followed the Trent River passing through the area that would become Trenton. The area around the mouth of the Trent River was first settled by Europeans in the 1780s. Assorted settlements and town plots in the area went

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-76

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

under a number of names, until the Village of Trenton was incorporated in 1853. Trenton grew, thanks to its port location and area lumber industry.

In the late 1880s, Alan Gilmour, of Gilmour and Company petitioned the town for funds to construct a combined dam. As a result of negotiations between Gilmour and the Town, the dam was completed in December 1885, spanning the river downstream from the Grand Trunk Railway Bridge, close to the present site of Dam No. 1 on the Trent Canal. An associated water-powered sash and door factory was completed in 1888, with six turbines drawing water from the flume on the east side of the river. On the east side of the dam, a small hydroelectric plant was built, generating power for factory and street lighting. A new powerhouse was constructed by the dam and new drying kilns were installed. In 1905, a steam power plant was installed to supplement the water turbines during low waters. (PCA Archaeological Assessment – SOW, 2017)

Situated within the Local Study Area, the Gilmour Door factory burned down in 1911. The following year, a new concrete dam, known as Dam No. 1, was completed in the area. During the First World War, the town was home to a major munitions plant owned by the British Chemical Company. This facility was built in 1915 to manufacture artillery, rifle, and small arms ammunition. Three weeks before the Armistice, an explosion levelled the plant. Remains of the old plant can still be found today. The construction of a RCAF Station Trenton, a major Royal Canadian Air Force base just east of Trenton started in 1929 and continued through the 1930s. This provided a major economic boost to the area through the Great Depression, the Second World War and later.

4.2.4.1.2 The Trent-Severn Waterway As described previously, the Project is located near Lock 1, which is the beginning of the Trent-Severn Waterway. The Trent-Severn Waterway is a 386 km long navigable route connecting Lake Ontario at Trenton to Lake Huron at Port Severn. It is composed in large part of natural waterways, including the Trent River, Otonabee River, the Kawartha Lakes, Lake Simcoe, Lake Couchiching and the Severn River. The canal system was originally intended to be a military route, but the first lock built in 1833 was a commercial venture to connect lakes and rivers at the center of the waterway to allow the passage of steam ships. By the time the route was completed, it was no longer used as a commercial waterway, as freight was transported on rail and through larger canal systems. However, the waterway emerged as a prime destination for pleasure boating and today it is one of Ontario’s major tourist attractions. The Trent-Severn Waterway is officially a National Historic Site of Canada linear park operated by PCA.

4.2.4.2 Stage 1-2 Archaeological Property Assessment A Stage 1-2 Archaeological Property Assessment of the Proposed Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project, Part Lots 2 & 3, Con. 2 (Geographic Township of Murray, County of Northumberland), City of Quinte West (Trenton Ward) was conducted by AMICK Consultants

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-77

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Limited (AMICK) in November 2016 for the non-Federal lands within the Project Area2. The findings of this Stage 1-2 Archaeological Property Assessment study identified no archaeological concerns in the Study Area subject to the Stage 2 Property Assessment. The archaeological potential was based upon the Study Area being situated within an area close to historic timbering operations, transportation (water, road and rail) routes, potable water and early post-contact settlement in the region.

Due to the historical use of the region, the Stages 1 and 2 Assessments were combined to examine the subject area for potential archaeological resources. The Stage 1-2 Assessment of the Proposed Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project was completed in November 2016 by AMICK. A copy of the Stage 1-2 Assessment is included in the Archeology TSD. The findings of the assessment are summarized as follows:

• No archaeological sites relating directly to both Pre-contact and Post-contact habitation/activity had been formally registered within the immediate vicinity of the Study Area.

• No archaeological resources were identified and it was determined that archaeological potential has been removed from all areas subject to the Stage 2 Property Assessment.

• No further archaeological assessment of the assessed portions of the Study Area is warranted.

• The proposed undertaking is clear of any archaeological concern with respect to those areas where the Stage 1-2 Property Assessment has been completed.

• Part of the Study Area includes the dam and a portion of the east bank of the Trent River within the Parks Canada managed Trent Severn Waterway National Historic Site.

• Trent-Severn Waterway is situated on the opposite bank and upstream west of the proposed undertaking. Lock 1 will not be directly affected by the proposed undertaking.

No registered archaeological sites were identified in the development area, and the final recommendation of the assessment was that there be no further archaeological concern with regards to the proposed hydroelectric development at Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project, City of Quinte West.

At the time of the property assessment, AMICK was not granted access to two parcels within the Study Area for the proposed Project, including federal and non-federal lands. The first of the lands included a federal parcel managed by PCA which will undergo a separate regulatory assessment and review through PCA for which a statement of work related to terrestrial archaeological resources has been received (a statement of work related to marine archaeological resources is yet to be received). The second parcel belongs to a private landowner, but was observed to be entirely composed of paved parking lot that was visible to

2 Archaeological Assessment of the Project Area located on Federal lands has not been conducted as of the date of this report. PCA provided a Statement of Work for terrestrial assessment requirements on October 20, 2017.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-78

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

AMICK. There was no part of this land that can be subject to Stage 2 Property Assessments employing conventional archaeological survey methodology.

4.2.4.3 2016 Cultural Heritage Evaluation A Cultural Heritage Evaluation of the Proposed Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project, Part Lots 2 & 3, Con. 2 (Geographic Township of Murray, County of Northumberland), City of Quinte West (Trenton Ward) was conducted by AMICK in November 2016. The findings of the evaluation identified no adverse impacts on any heritage resources or features. The cultural heritage potential was based upon the Project Area being situated within an area close to historic timbering operations, transportation (water, road and rail) routes, potable water and early post-contact settlement in the region. A copy of the Cultural Evaluation Assessment is included in the Cultural Heritage TSD. The findings of the assessment are summarized as follows:

• No potential adverse impacts to any heritage resources or features were found and therefore no necessity to mitigate impacts was identified.

• Only one (1) permanent feature (the powerhouse) will remain after construction which will include a single transmission line linking the powerhouse to the existing hydro corridor. This feature is anticipated to be far less obtrusive than the existing hydro corridor to which it will be connected and it is suggested that the casual observer would not even notice the addition.

• Proposed access routes are overlying existing roadways. These roads will allow for transportation of equipment and material after construction.

• There will be no discernable adverse impact or real change to the existing landscape that would impact its heritage character.

No registered cultural heritage resources were identified in the development area, and the final recommendation of the assessment was that there was no necessity to mitigate any impacts with regard to the proposed Project.

At the time of the property assessment, AMICK was not granted access to two parcels within the Project Area for the proposed Project, including federal and non-federal lands as discussed in the preceding section, although entry for the purposes of completing the evaluation of that parcel was not warranted.

4.2.4.4 Lands and Resources Used for Traditional Purposes by Indigenous Communities The proposed Project is located within the area subject to the historic Williams Treaty. In engaging with the First Nation signatories to the Williams Treaty as described in Section 3.4 and characterizing the existing natural environment, uses of the lands and resources within the vicinity of the Project for traditional purposes by Indigenous communities have been identified.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-79

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Both the Hiawatha and Alderville First Nations have identified the Project as being located within their traditional territory/Treaty lands and expressed concern with respect to impacts to fisheries.

Fishing within the Trent River was also identified by the Tyendinaga Mohawk First Nation (Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte).

In identifying aquatic species of interest for consideration within this DIA as VECs, Lake Sturgeon, Lake Whitefish and Walleye were determined to be species of importance of two Indigenous communities (Alderville FN and Hiawatha FN).

4.2.5 Infrastructure

4.2.5.1 Major Highways and Local Roadways Within the City of Quinte West, there is one major highway. The 401 crosses over the Trent River approximately 1 km north of the proposed Project Area.

The proposed Project can be accessed via the 401, Country Road 4 (Sidney Street), Creelman Avenue, West Street and Chester Road.

4.2.5.2 City of Quinte West Water Intake The City of Quinte West water intake is located immediately upstream of the proposed Project Area, on the east side of the Trent River.

4.2.5.3 Sanitary Sewer Infrastructure The City of Quinte West owns and operates a communal wastewater system, generally consisting of over 88 km of pipeline, ranging from 200 to 600 mm in diameter, a subdivision serviced by small bore sewers, eleven (11) sub-area pumping stations and associated forcemains, and a 15,900 m3/day annual daily average rated capacity conventional activated sludge plant with tertiary filtration and ultraviolet disinfection. Sanitary sewage is generated on both sides of the Trent River, which forms a natural barrier through the City, and is conveyed to the Trenton Wastewater Treatment Plant located in Centennial Park on the east side of the river. Sanitary sewage from the west side of the river is transferred to the east side though a gravity flow sewer under the Trent River from Fraser Park area to the Dundas Street pumping station.

Drawing G03 (Appendix B) shows the location of Quinte West infrastructures in the vicinity of the Project.

4.2.5.4 Sidney Generating Station The Sidney Generating Station (GS), owned and operated by OPG is located less than 500 m immediately upstream of the Highway 401 Bridge. The Sidney GS came in service on September 1, 1911 and has an installed capacity of 4 MW. The facility is named for the adjacent township of Sidney.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-80

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

4.2.5.5 Rail Infrastructure A 190-m Canadian National Railway bridge crosses Trent River approximately 1 km upstream from the proposed Lock 1 GS location.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 4-81

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5. Effects Assessment, Proposed Mitigation and Net Residual Effects during Project Construction This section describes the activities that will occur during construction of the Project, the anticipated environmental effects, mitigation measures to minimize/eliminate adverse effects and the net (residual) effects following implementation of mitigation. This information is also provided in a summary table (Table 5-11). The significance of any net residual adverse effects is assessed in Table 5-12.

Mitigation measures (based on PCA’s Best Management Practices and Environmental Standards and Guidelines), Dust Management Plan, Invasive Species Management Plan, Erosion and Sediment Control Plan and Spill Prevention and Response Plan and Emergency Response Plan will be included in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The EMP will require acceptance by PCA prior to the issuance of permits under the Historic Canal Regulations. 5.1 Air Quality

5.1.1 Sources of Effects Impacts on air quality during the construction phase could occur due to fugitive dust emissions and emissions of combustion by-products from equipment and vehicle use.

The greatest potential for dust generation during construction is associated with heavy equipment and other vehicular travel on access roads and construction work areas. Over the duration of construction, a significant number of construction vehicles (primarily heavy dump trucks, concrete trucks and light duty contractor trucks) will be coming into and out of the construction area. Dust and flyrocks may also be mobilized during drilling, blasting and soil moving activities. Alternatives considered to replace blasting (hoe ramming) when blasting in close proximity to existing structure also have the potential to generate dust.

A variety of construction, haulage and personnel vehicles as well as portable generators will be used on site during the construction period. Exhaust emissions contain carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides

5.1.2 Potential Effects If unmitigated, excessive dust levels could cause human health concerns (i.e., irritation of lungs, eyes, etc.), which, depending on the magnitude and geographic distribution of the dust plume, could potentially impact construction workers, recreational users of the area and nearby residents/commercial businesses. Fugitive dust could also adversely impact surface water quality and aquatic habitat if it were to be deposited in watercourses. Extremely high levels of dust may also result in the smothering of vegetation which could result in mortality due to prevention of photosynthesis or increase in susceptibility to disease.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.1.3 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures to be detailed in the EMP will include, but not limited to:

• Contractors to follow Best Practices for the Reduction of Air Emissions from Construction and Demolition Activities (Cheminfo Services Inc., 2005).

• Use of dust suppression (i.e., water) on exposed areas including access roads, stockpiles and works/laydown areas as necessary.

• Hard surfacing (addition of coarse granular A material free of fine soil particles) of access roads or other high-traffic working areas.

• All construction site entrances from public roads shall be stabilized using temporary tracking pads or mud mats. Entrances with steep grades (>8%) shall be avoided. The location(s) and type(s) of vehicle tracking controls and mud mats shall be identified in the EMP and accepted by PCA. The design of stabilized site entrances, including vehicle tracking controls and mud mats, shall be determined by a Qualified Professional(s).

• Street sweeping of paved public road shall be carried if excessive dust/debris is deposited on surface.

• Stockpiles and other disturbed areas to be stabilized as necessary (e.g., tarped, mulched, graded, revegetated or watered to create a hard surface crust) to reduce/prevent erosion and escape of fugitive dust.

• Dust curtains to be used on loaded dump trucks, delivering materials from off-site but will not be used on heavy equipment at site.

• Speed limits will be put in place by the contractor to ensure slow vehicle speeds in working areas.

• Vehicular use on access roads will be visually monitored on a regular basis to ensure that dust generation is not occurring on access routes.

• Ensuring that stockpiles are protected from erosion due to the wind (e.g., covering with tarps, temporary vegetation, or watering to create a hard crust). Stockpiles will not be worked (e.g., loaded or moved) by excavation equipment (backhoes, etc.) during windy conditions.

• The site inspector will monitor stockpile working activities on a regular basis and if dust generation is occurring in a manner that could adversely affect human or natural receptors, stockpiling activities will stop until the problem can be remedied.

• Workers to utilize appropriate personal protective equipment (e.g., masks, safety goggles) as necessary. Construction is to be conducted in accordance with Ontario Regulation 213/91 - Construction Projects under the Occupation Health and Safety Act,

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

which states that when dust is considered to be hazardous to workers, the dust must be controlled, or personal protective equipment be provided to the worker(s).

• As a best management practice, vehicles are to be run only when necessary.

• Exhaust equipment (e.g., pollution control devices) is to be inspected regularly.

• It is recommended that the contractor limit idling of construction equipment when not involved in a construction activity.

5.1.4 Residual Effects At present, the majority of the New Temporary Access Road (north) is paved, reducing the potential for dust generation in this area. Given the short length of the Project access road (i.e., <300 m) vehicles moving into and out of working areas will be traveling at a very low rate of speed, which would further minimize the potential for dust mobilization due to vehicular traffic on access roads. Given the mitigation and monitoring proposed, it is anticipated that dust generation will be relatively low in magnitude and limited in duration and to the geographical area. The closest sensitive human receptors in the Project Area are located east of West Street, east of the Project Area (see Figure 1-1). It is not anticipated that dust generation will be a significant problem since the potential effects can be substantially mitigated through the use of standard construction best management practices and mitigation measures.

Exhaust emissions may result in short-term minor impairment in local air quality during the construction period.

The negative residual effects are anticipated to be not significant. 5.2 Noise

5.2.1 Sources of Effects Construction activities, blasting and construction vehicles/equipment will generate noise and vibration.

5.2.2 Potential Effects Potential effects include increased noise and vibration levels in the Project Area and immediate surroundings and may temporarily affect neighbouring business and residents.

5.2.3 Mitigation Measures The City of Quinte West noise by-law will limit the hours available for construction to the period from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM (Monday to Saturday), however engagement with the Municipality may result in an extension of this period. When construction is better defined, a mitigation plan will be put in place to minimize the noise impact it may have

All construction equipment will be expected to meet the requirements of MOECC publication NPC 115 - Construction Equipment. This will be made known to the contractor via the Project specifications.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

A communications plan shall be developed, included in the Environmental Management Plan and implemented to inform local residents and users of what will be happening and the expected duration of the activities which may affect them.

5.2.4 Residual Effects A short-term increase in noise and vibration levels is possible during particular construction activities however it is anticipated to be not significant. 5.3 Riverbed Substrates

5.3.1 Sources of Effects Baseline sediment quality studies conducted by BluMetric (see Section 4.1.6) conducted in the vicinity of the Project Area identified concentrations of VOCs, PHCs, PCBs, PAHs, and PFAS which exceed CCME and/or MOECC guidelines for metals, PAHs and/or PCBs in the Upstream ZOI. As described in Section 4.1.9.2.1.2, substrates within the Plunge Pool are likely dominated by bedrock, with all small substrates moved downstream during high-flow periods. Downstream of the pool, water velocities begin to increase and flow over a mixture of cobble and boulders, depending on seasonal flows. Immediately downstream of the rapid, cobbles, gravels and sands contribute to the substrate to the downstream limit of the Study Area.

Baseline studies have indicated that no reference stations with sediments were found downstream of Dam 1, however that it is possible that sediments and contaminants migrate downstream from Dam 1. As a result, sediments excavated from the channel bed, both upstream and downstream are not suitable for reuse as fill. Existing riverbed sediments (including rocky and fine materials) will be excavated from the powerhouse, tailrace and intake channel. The upstream excavation quantities are anticipated to be 2,000 m3.

5.3.2 Potential Effects During in-water works (especially cofferdams construction and removal), there is a potential for sediment disturbance and migration downstream. While elevated concentrations may pose a risk to workers and the downstream environment, the fact that sediment presence is so limited minimizes the magnitude of this risk. In addition, mitigation measures proposed below will further reduce the potential for adverse environmental effects.

Long-term sediment quality within the Project Area will improve as a result of sediment removal. A risk of pollution is possible if sediments are not identified, segregated and disposed of in an appropriate manner.

5.3.3 Mitigation Measures All overburden channel bed material will be screened to remove fine sediments (sand size and smaller). The sediments will be disposed of at an appropriate off-site location, in accordance with regulatory criteria with respect to waste disposal. The remaining rocky material (boulder, cobble, gravel) will be cleaned and reused on-site to the extent possible.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The area constrained by the training wall and downstream cofferdam will be inspected for the presence of sediments once dewatered. If sediments are present, they will be tested for contaminants during dewatering and mitigation measures will be applied if necessary.

Common safeguards, best practices and mitigation measures required for any construction project will further reduce the potential risk for workers and the downstream environment at both sites:

• Fencing and gates around construction zones should be employed to restrict access to the public.

• The Health and Safety Plan for construction workers will identify appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure to sediment. Appropriate PPE should include gloves, boots, long sleeve shirts and long pants.

• The Health and Safety Plan will consider both provincial (Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act) and federal (Canada Labour Code) regulations and other departmental policies as appropriate.

• The Health and Safety Plan/Environmental Management Plan will detail the decontamination procedures for staff, equipment and tools including decontamination zone, containment and disposal of wash water, cleaning of PPE, etc. A Waste Management Plan (hazardous and non-hazardous waste) will be included as a component of the Environmental Management Plan.

• The Environmental Management Plan will detail residue and waste management conforming to regulations for excess or residual sediment:

 Ontario Regulation 347 - Waste Management

 Soil management and stockpile sampling as described in CCME 2016 Guidance Manual for Environmental Site Characterization in Support of Environmental and Human Health Risk Assessment Volume 1 and Ontario Regulation 153/04 as amended.

• In addition, all water takings during dewatering will be directed to the settling pond, in accordance with a dewatering plan to be prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan.

An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan and a Waste Management Plan will be implemented, once approved by PCA. These plans will address specifics concerns with presence of contaminants (i.e. rocks cleaning, dewatering, etc.)

5.3.4 Residual Effects As a result, long-term sediment quality within the Project Area will improve, since existing contaminated sediments will be removed from the river resulting in a positive residual effect.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.4 Hydrological Resources

5.4.1 Water Quality

5.4.1.1 Sources of Effects During construction of the Project, some activities have the potential to impact local surface water quality including those in the vicinity of the Quinte West Water Treatment Plant water intake which is addressed in Section 5.4.4. No sewage effluent will be released and no treated wood products are expected to be used during the construction process.

Construction activities that could increase the rate and/or quantity of sediment transported to or within local watercourses (i.e., Trent River and/or drainage routes in the Project Area) include:

• Construction activities associated with site access construction (e.g., vegetation clearing/grubbing, stockpiling of slash, grubbed material or road base materials, ditching, erosion of road base/embankment materials)

• Stockpiling of excavated topsoil and subsoil associated with clearing and grading activities

• Excavation during construction of the facility and downstream channel improvements

• Cofferdam installation and removal

• In-water downstream road construction and removal

• Blasting and excavation in or near water

• Drilling in or near water

• Concrete, grout and associated materials (e.g., cement, mortars) typically have high pH values (i.e., highly basic or alkaline), which, if they enter a watercourse, could create adverse surface water quality conditions that are toxic to fish (Province of British Columbia, 2007).

Fuels, lubricants and other hazardous materials will be used on the construction site. Activities during the construction phase that could potentially result in transport of these materials to the watercourse, with subsequent negative impacts on water quality, include:

• refuelling and maintenance (e.g., oiling, addition of hydraulic fluid) of equipment (e.g., accidental spills, improper disposal of waste fluids)

• use of equipment containing fuels, lubricants or other materials within, or near the watercourse (e.g., leakage from machinery, washing of materials from surface of machinery)

• storage of hazardous materials, including cement (e.g., accidental spills, leaching and/or runoff of materials).

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.4.1.2 Potential Effects Construction activities have the potential to impair water quality (turbidity, pH, chemicals, etc.). Impacts to water quality could potentially include increased turbidity associated with the release of terrestrial soils into the watercourse or mobilization and downstream transport of existing watercourse sediments, or inputs of hazardous/toxic substances such as fuels, lubricants and other hazardous materials including alkaline concrete and cement products. Water quality could also be potentially impacted by construction debris and adverse effects due to weathering of exposed or excavated bedrock. The disturbance of contaminated sediment is addressed in Section 5.3, above.

5.4.1.3 Mitigation Measures There are a number of general mitigation practices to be followed by the Contractor during construction to eliminate and/or minimize the potential for adverse environmental impacts on water quality. These include, but not limited to, the following:

• An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be followed and accompanying drawing(s) will be developed by the Proponent’s engineer or contractor to define specific mitigation methods. An adequate supply of erosion control devices (e.g., geotextiles, revegetation materials) and sediment control devices (e.g., in-water sediment barriers, sediment fences) are to be provided on site to control erosion and sediment transport and respond to unexpected events.

• High flow/velocity sediment barriers and anchors will be engineered and installed.

• Divert road and work area runoff in a diffuse manner through vegetated areas or into properly designed and constructed sediment traps or a drainage collection system to ensure that exposed soils or road materials are not transported into watercourses. Runoff velocities in ditches or other drainage routes, or along slopes, are to be kept low to minimize erosion potential. Runoff discharge locations should be protected with erosion resistant material, if required.

• Minimize the size of the cleared and disturbed areas at the construction site, particularly those adjacent to watercourses.

• Maximize the retention of the existing vegetation cover, including the forest floor groundcover, when trees are to be removed. Grubbing should only be conducted where absolutely required.

• Grade disturbed slopes or stockpiles to a stable angle as soon as possible after disturbance to eliminate potential slumping.

• Revegetate or stabilize exposed sites as soon as possible after they have been disturbed, using quick growing annual grasses or other native vegetation. Where revegetation is not possible, other erosion protection methods, such as riprapping, bioengineering, or erosion matting are to be used.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Construct a drainage collection system so runoff can be intercepted and treated or removed from the site through suitable control facilities (e.g., vegetation, temporary settling pond).

• Excavated erodible material stockpiles are to be placed in suitable designated areas away from the river or other watercourses (i.e., outside the floodplain, away from drainage channels) and properly constructed sediment fences are to be installed around the stockpiles to limit the transport of sediment.

• Where possible, vegetated buffer strips are to be maintained between construction sites and watercourses.

• Cofferdams will be constructed to isolate the powerhouse work area and the downstream channel excavation work area to allow construction to proceed under a dewatered condition.

• Cofferdam dewatering activities should drain water from the isolated areas to the temporary on-site settling pond (or similar treatment method) to meet MOECC discharge criteria and CCME guidelines for Total Particulate Matter prior to discharge back to Trent River. Direct pumping of water from the isolated area to the Trent River may be conducted without treatment if the water meets the discharge criteria. All dewatered areas will be continuously monitored during the dewatering phase and water quality testing will be undertaken prior to release. This process will be detailed within the Environmental Management Plan.

• Only clean materials (e.g., free of fine loose sediment or other potentially contaminating materials, free of acid generating constituents) should be used for in-water (e.g., cofferdam construction, tailrace or diversion lining) or near water works (e.g., embankment riprapping).

• Monitoring the tracking of mud onto local streets during construction. When mud accumulates on the streets, the contractor will be required to implement a system to prevent its transfer to local storm drains. This could potentially include wheel washing areas at the exit from the construction site or end-of-day street scraping/sweeping to remove accumulated materials from local streets.

• In order to prevent construction waste such as metal debris, sawdust, concrete cuttings/debris and other fine waste materials from entering surface waters the contractor will be required to adequately contain all debris materials within the construction area and remove all debris as soon as possible.

Cofferdams will be constructed to isolate work areas around the powerhouse, intake channel, tailrace channel and downstream channel modification areas to permit construction of these facilities under dry conditions. Instream sediment barrier will be installed immediately downstream/upstream from the cofferdam location. As noted previously, the type of

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

cofferdams and installation method will be up to the selected contractor, who will have to comply with the specifications noted in this DIA, tender specifications and permits and approvals. General mitigation measures associated with cofferdam use include the following:

• An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be implemented during construction.

• Cofferdam design to be prepared by contractor to ensure that potential for mobilization of existing channel bed sediments during installation is minimized and potential for erosion of cofferdam material is very low.

• Cofferdams are not to be constructed of aggregates alone, as per Environmental Standards and Guidelines.

• Sediment curtain will be engineered to meet requirements under anticipated flow conditions and will be monitored for effectiveness in river downstream from cofferdam installation areas to trap mobilized sediment.

• Loose silt and clay, till, loam, organic soil and vegetation shall not be used to line upstream faces of cofferdams.

• Unless otherwise noted in contract specifications, all cofferdam material is to be removed from the riverbed and reused elsewhere or properly disposed of upon decommissioning of the cofferdam. Cleaning grade before cofferdam removal. No cofferdam material should be discarded within the watercourse or on the riverbanks, unless approved by regulatory agencies.

• Once the cofferdam is completely removed, the sediment curtain will either be removed by slowly pulling it towards the powerhouse to avoid disruption to sediments or by pulling it towards bank. If required, water from behind the sediment curtain could be pump into the temporary settling pond or some other filtration method to remove fine sediments.

• Handling and/or treatment of cofferdam seepage water prior to release. All seepage will be directed to a settlement pond and appropriate treatment implemented as detailed within the Environmental Management Plan to be prepared for the Project.

• The contract documents will reference and/or incorporate environmental protection standards for construction work in and along waterbodies, including:

 Ontario Provincial Standard Specifications (OPSS) 805 – Construction Specification for Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control Measures

 OPSS 182 – General Specification for Environmental Protection for Construction in Waterbodies and on Waterbody Banks

 OPSS 517 – Construction Specification for Dewatering

 OPSS 518 – Construction Specification for Control of Water from Dewatering Operations.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

 Applicable PCA Environmental Standards and Guidelines (e.g. ESG-14-C: Treatment of Discharge Waters).

There are a number of general mitigation practices to be followed by the contractor during construction to minimize the potential for adverse environmental impacts associated with the storage, use and disposal of fuels, lubricants and other hazardous materials. These include the following:

• A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during construction.

• Establish designated refuelling and maintenance areas at least 30 m (as per ESG-13-C) from flowing watercourses (if possible) and away from drainage ditches, channels or other wet areas. The refuelling of small equipment such as Airtrack Drillers, compressors, lighting will be undertaken on site (behind cofferdams) with a small service truck equipped with a spill kit.

• Locate designated hazardous material storage areas at least 30 m away from watercourses (if possible), for all hazardous materials to be stored outside. Storage areas should be above ground and enclosed by an impervious secondary containment structure (e.g., berm or container) capable of holding the entire volume of the stored material, as well as some additional volume of rainwater. The area should be equipped with a drain so that it can be cleared of any spilled material or accumulated rainwater, which would be disposed of in a suitable manner. Secondary containment areas should be monitored throughout the construction period to ensure their integrity.

• A barrier will be erected around the storage area to prevent accidental damage to containers.

• Machinery is to arrive on site in a clean condition and is to be maintained free of fluid leaks.

• Secondary containment (e.g. drip trays) will be placed under equipment such as pumps, generators, etc. An emergency spill kit will be kept on site in case of fluid leaks or spills from machinery.

• Only machinery/equipment that is clean and well maintained (e.g., no leaks) should operate in or near watercourses or drainage areas. No washing of equipment is to take place within or near watercourses.

• Provide adequate spill clean-up materials/equipment (e.g., absorbents) on site. The contractor must prepare a spill clean-up procedure/emergency contingency plan, prior to commencement of work at the site. All site staff should be trained in implementation of the procedure.

• Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period to ensure that the contractor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the DIA, tender specifications and

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-10

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

relevant permits and approvals and that mitigation measures are having the intended effects in preventing/minimizing the potential for spills and associated impacts (see Section 9).

• Any reportable accidental spills likely to cause impacts to be immediately reported to the Ontario Spills Action Centre (1-800-268-6060). All spills will be reported to PCA. Reporting procedure will be included in the Environmental Management Plan for the Project.

In order to mitigate potential adverse effects due to concrete and cement use, the following mitigation measures are to be implemented:

• Limit or prevent, whenever feasible, alkaline cement products from being deposited directly or indirectly into or adjacent to any watercourse.

• Cement bags should be covered with waterproof sheeting and raised from the ground surface (e.g., on wooden pallets) to ensure no contact with surface water runoff. Empty cement bags are to be collected as soon as possible after use and spills of cement or concrete cleaned up as appropriate. Wastewater arising from cement/concrete work is to be collected and disposed of off-site, or properly treated before release to the environment.

• Favor pre-cast concrete structure in the design of the training wall to limit amount of tremie pour. Anti-washout concrete will be used when there is a risk for concrete to enter the river. Tremie pour will be conducted behind a permeable-fabric turbidity curtain, allowing water with an elevated pH level to slowly bleed out into the surrounding waters.

• Concrete materials that are cast-in-place will remain inside formed structures, isolated from the flow of any watercourses until they are fully cured (i.e., after a minimum of 48 hours if temperature is above 0°C or a minimum of 72 hours if air temperature is below 0°C).

• A designated concrete truck rinsing facility may be established at the development site with all wastewater arising from truck rinsing to be contained, treated to meet pH requirements (if necessary) and discharged to the facility settling pond or other treatment method (as necessary). An ECA for industrial sewage will be obtained from MOECC if required.

• The pH of the Trent River immediately downstream from the powerhouse worksites will be monitored through the duration of the construction period and compared with a background station. If pH values change more than 1 pH unit from background concentration, measures will be implemented to assess the source of alkalinity and prevent further releases from occurring.

• Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period (with increased frequency during high-risk activities) to ensure that the contractor is adhering to the terms

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-11

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

and conditions of the DIA, tender specifications and relevant permits and approvals and that the mitigation measures noted above are having the intended effects in preventing/minimizing the potential for adverse effects due to the use of concrete and associated alkaline products. A monitoring plan will be developed for inclusion in the Environmental Management Plan.

In order to mitigate potential adverse effects due to water management and pumping, the following mitigation measures are to be implemented:

• A settling pond with oil /water separator will be installed.

• TSS/turbidity limits for release in the river will follow CCME guideline (<2 NTU above background for longer term exposure and <8 NTU for short term)

• Equipment will be inspected daily.

• Reference to federal and provincial standard/permits.

• Self-contained sewage facilities to be used on site with appropriate off-site disposal of waste. Approved MOECC licensed sewage haulers utilized to transfer waste off site. Mitigation measures undertaken to prevent spills during sewage hauling and transfer.

• Spill response procedure to be in place and spill containment and clean up material to be on site at all times during construction.

• Monitoring will be conducted to ensure equipments are functioning properly.

• Clay presence was not noted in the geotechnical investigations report provided by PCA (Aecom, 2011) nor in the Canal Sediment Investigation Report conducted by BluMetric Environmental Inc. (BluMetric) on behalf of PCA. Should clay presence be noted in future investigations or upon dewatering, the Proponent would cause the system to be modified to address clay presence and removal.

5.4.1.4 Residual Effects It is anticipated that implementation of these mitigation measures in conjunction with a construction monitoring program will minimize adverse effects on local surface water quality. However, it is unlikely that mitigation will be 100% effective, so the possibility of some short- term, low magnitude releases of sediment is likely (i.e., during cofferdam installation and removal). It will be the responsibility of the contractor to monitor local surface water quality conditions during construction and take appropriate actions if high levels of turbidity are observed (see Section 9.1 – Environmental Monitoring during Construction). Work activities may need to stop until corrective measures can be taken to minimize further adverse effects.

Water management activities may lead to minor decrease of water quality at the outlet of the settling pond, but CCME guidelines will not be exceeded.

Residual effects are expected to be not significant.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-12

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.4.2 Surface Water Hydrology and Hydraulics

5.4.2.1 Sources of Effects The construction of the training wall and the erection of upstream and downstream cofferdams would have minimal impact on the local hydrology and hydraulics (i.e., water levels, flows rates and velocities) of Trent River during the construction period, however consideration of PCA’s dam replacement Project at Trenton Lock 1 Dam (which may be constructed or in various stages of construction) must be considered.

The training wall and cofferdams will be constructed during the low-flow summer period when historical average flows shown in Table 4-2 of Section 4.1.7 range from 44 to 60 m²/s. Cofferdams will remain in place throughout the length of construction which is anticipated to be 19 months.

5.4.2.2 Potential Effects

5.4.2.2.1 Upstream Effects The placement of the upstream and downstream cofferdams will be located so as not to obstruct gates on the newly built dam. Impacts on the velocity field would depend on the gates used to discharge flows; however upstream water levels or flow vectors are not expected to significantly change as a result of the upstream cofferdam.

5.4.2.2.2 Downstream Effects The construction of the training wall parallel to the eastern bank is anticipated to narrow the downstream reach by approximately 20 m for the length of the tailrace. Figures 5-1 to 5-9 compare levels, velocities and velocity vectors in the Downstream ZOI between actual conditions and conditions that would prevail during construction.

The models assume that water is discharged over a section of 55 m in the center of Dam 1 for actual conditions and over a section of 30 m on the easternmost portion of Dam 1 for conditions that would prevail during construction. This is technically different then the real operation of Dam 1, as sections used for discharges would be adjusted based on river flows; however, the models are representative of general hydraulic conditions for the purpose of evaluating effects.

Impacts on water depth are marginal with localized variation (up to 1 m at 400 m3/s). Localized impacts on water velocities and velocities vectors occur in the Plunge Pool (variation between -1 to 3 m/s at 400 m3/s), alongside the training wall and at the downstream end of the Rapid Area (variation between -2 to 2 m/s at 400 m3/s). Adverse effects as a result of bank erosion are possible due to the change in velocities.

5.4.2.3 Mitigation Measures The Proponent will ensure that the upstream cofferdam does not reduce PCA’s Dam 1 discharge capacity during the Dam 1 replacement.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-13

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.4.2.4 Residual Effects Velocity vectors will be modified upstream of the Project as a consequence of Dam 1 replacement. Downstream of the Project, the training wall and cofferdam will cause a 20-m reduction in river width which will affect velocities and levels. Effects are localized and the residual effects on water management and riverbed substrate movement are not anticipated to be significant. Minor sedimentation of riverbed may occur if mitigation not completely effective in substrates movement. Sedimentation would likely occur in deeper slower moving water downstream from the work area. Negative residual effects on bank erosion are not anticipated as modelling does not show increases in velocity along the bank.

5.4.3 Groundwater

5.4.3.1 Sources of Effects Some impact on groundwater levels in the vicinity of excavation activities is anticipated due to Project construction. Some infiltration of groundwater into the deeper excavations into bedrock at the powerhouse and spillway will likely occur.

5.4.3.2 Potential Effects This infiltration will result in a local lowering of the groundwater table in the immediate area of the excavation. However, the bedrock in the area has a very low to tight hydraulic conductivity resulting in relatively low levels of groundwater movement throughout the rock, thereby potentially minimizing the extent of effects on the groundwater table. Lowering of the groundwater table would be a short-term event, occurring when Project excavations are open. The table would rise back up to the existing elevation once seepage into excavations ceases.

Groundwater could also potentially be impacted by accidental spills occurring during the construction phase if pollutants were to infiltrate the soil and/or bedrock down to the groundwater table.

5.4.3.3 Mitigation Measures A subsurface drainage network may be installed on exposed bedrock faces in the excavation to reduce the local groundwater table at the exposed face.

The mitigation measures discussed in Section 5.10.2 will prevent/minimize impacts on groundwater due to accidental spills. Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period to ensure that the contractor is adhering to the requirements of this DIA, the tender specifications and relevant permits and approvals and that mitigation measures are having the intended effects in preventing/minimizing the potential for spills and associated impacts (see Section 9.1 – Construction Monitoring).

5.4.3.4 Residual Effects A minor decrease in the local groundwater table may occur during the construction period; however, the residual effect is expected to be non-significant.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-14

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The risk of groundwater contamination caused by a spill during the construction period is limited provided mitigation measures are enforced. The residual effect is expected to be non- significant.

5.4.4 Water Intakes, Wells and Septic Systems

5.4.4.1 Sources of Effects The Quinte West Water Treatment Plant water intake is located immediately upstream of the proposed Project. Construction activities will be conducted in the vicinity of Quinte West water treatment plant. Associated water piping and tanks are present underground adjacent to the powerhouse and tailrace Two (2) concrete headwall and pipe outlets are also located alongside the proposed tailrace channel. A septic tank is also located in the construction area (See Drawing G03/Appendix B).

There are no other water intakes located within the Project Area.

Monitoring wells are present in the area adjacent to the Project Area.

5.4.4.2 Potential Effects Construction activities, including blasting near existing structures, may impact the Quinte West Water Treatment Plant. Discussions with the City of Quinte West have identified that the average raw water turbidity at the intake is 0-5 NTU, and the facility can accept levels of up to 20 NTU. In addition, the City of Quinte West is not equipped to treat hazardous materials including fuel/oils. The installation of the upstream cofferdam and ensuing dewatering would cause the two (2) water intakes to be dewatered, if unmitigated. In addition, temporary exposure to turbid waters is possible during intake relocation.

Damage to nearby monitoring wells is possible during construction.

5.4.4.3 Mitigation Measures Discussions with the City of Quinte West will be required to determine approved mitigating measures to prevent adverse impacts to the water treatment plant. Proposed mitigation measures include, but not limited to:

• Identifying all structures above and underground on construction drawings and on site

• Limiting blasting, or blasting vibration, near existing structures

• Conducting pre- and post-blasting survey of structures to ensure blasting plan is appropriate

• Installing two (2) temporary water intakes outside the Project Area. The final design will be reviewed and accepted by Quinte West and PCA and shall ensure fast flowing over the intakes at all time.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-15

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

In addition to the above, mitigation measures proposed in Section 5.4.1.3 are anticipated to reduce the potential for increases in turbidity and accidental spills at the City of Quinte West water intakes.

5.4.4.4 Residual Effects With the application of requisite mitigating measures, no adverse effects to drinking water quality or the functionality of the water intake are anticipated as a result of the Project. 5.5 Aquatic Environment Potential effects to the aquatic environment are intended to address the potential effects to the general fish community within the Study Area (characterized in Section 4.1.9.1). VEC species identified through agency and First Nation engagement have been identified in Section 2.3 and are treated separately within this DIA in various sections (e.g. Section 5.5.5 through 5.5.7 and 5.7 – Species at Risk).

5.5.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects include impaired surface water quality due to fugitive dust deposition and/or erosion and sedimentation, accidental spills or leaks of potentially hazardous material, in-stream work (road construction, cofferdams construction and removal, training wall construction), dewatering behind cofferdams and blasting in or near water. Table 5-1 provides a summary of the in-stream work requirements and the anticipated timing and duration of those works. In-water timing restrictions will be adhered to at all times, unless PCA/DFO/MNRF authorize in-water work outside these periods. Table 5-1: Summary of In-Stream Work Requirements

Proposed Start Proposed Finish Component Activity Duration Date Date Training Wall and Downstream Cofferdam July 1, 2019 October 15, 2018 3.5 months Stage 2 – Cofferdam Construction Construction Upstream Cofferdam September 15, July 1, 2019 2.5 months Construction 2019 Stage 4 – Removal of Cofferdam Removal February 15, 2021 March 15, 2021 1 month cofferdams Stage 4 – Completion of Excavation of tailrace February 15, 2021 March 15, 2021 1 month Works flaring end

5.5.2 Potential Effects In-water construction activities have the potential to directly affect aquatic biota (fish, benthic invertebrates) due to temporary alteration of aquatic habitat, disturbance of individual fish in the affected area and/or by creating barriers to movement. Fish will be stranded in the water behind cofferdams. These fish may subsequently end up being isolated in dewatered areas or suffer injury resulting from pump entrainment/impingement during the dewatering process.

Construction of the powerhouse, the training wall, blasting in or near water, temporary cofferdams and associated dewatering within the isolated area has the potential to result in

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-16

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

serious harm to fish (as defined in the Fisheries Act as the death of fish or any permanent alteration to or destruction of fish habitat). Potential effects to fish include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration, stranding of fish behind cofferdams and fish mortality.

5.5.3 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures to address water quality and spills are discussed in Section 5.4.1.3.

Additional mitigation measures will include, but not limited to:

• In-water time restriction: MNRF’s Southern Region (Peterborough District) prohibit in- water work between April 1 and June 30, in order to protect spring spawning species’ reproduction (i.e., spawning, egg incubation, and immediate post hatch fry development) in the Trent River. This timing restriction will protect the reproductive periods of Walleye, Rainbow Trout, Lake Sturgeon, Channel Darter, River Redhorse, Smallmouth Bass, Northern Pike and Muskellunge as well as other sucker, redhorse, forage fish and large- bodied species within the Local Study Area.

• Additional timing restrictions prevent in-water work between October 15 and May 31, in order to protect the reproductive period of fall spawners, in the Downstream ZOI, such as Lake Whitefish and Cisco/Lake Herring in the Trent River.

• The amount of in-water work during the construction period will be minimized by using cofferdams to isolate work areas and allow work to proceed under dry conditions. The proposed construction phasing has been designed to comply with the timing restrictions noted above. The Proponent will consult PCA, DFO and MNRF regarding any proposed change in construction schedule that could affect the timing of in-water works.

• Size of the working areas will be minimized to greatest extent possible.

• Duration of time in which cofferdams in place will be minimized to greatest extent possible.

• In-water work will not be undertaken during the spring and fall fisheries reproductive periods.

• Cofferdam material will be completely removed from the watercourse following completion of construction.

Mitigation to be utilized to prevent injury/mortality to fish during cofferdam construction and dewatering includes:

• Contingency plan for fish removal to be prepared by contractor for review and approval by PCA, DFO and MNRF.

• Dewater with shrouded/screened pump to water depth of 0.5 m, then remove remaining fish as per permit requirements. Fish are then removed from the area by netting or

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-17

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

electrofishing. Captured fish are to be transferred immediately to the water body closest to the construction zone (i.e., upstream if from upstream cofferdam area, downstream if from the downstream cofferdam area). Invasive species, such as Round Goby, will not be returned to the river and will be properly disposed of. Consideration given to preventing freezing and handling stress of fish if salvage required during winter.

• When possible, conduct a sweep of the area behind the turbidity curtain prior to placement of the cofferdam to mitigate the effect to individuals.

• A SARA Permit and MNRF Fish Collector Permit shall be obtained prior to the start of the work.

If any blasting in/near water will be conducted as per Guidelines for the Use of Explosives in or Near Canadian Waters (DFO, 1998). The following mitigation measures, but not limited to, are proposed to reduce the potential for adverse environmental effects to the extent possible:

• All explosives used will be confined explosive type.

• After loading a charge in a hole, the hole will be back-filled (stemmed) with angular gravel to the level of the substrate/water interface or the hole collapsed to confine the force of the explosion to the formation being fractured. The angular gravel is to have a particle size of approximately 1/12 the diameter of the borehole.

• All “shock-tubes" and detonation wires are to be recovered and removed after each blast in accordance with a blasting plan to be provided within the Environmental Management Plan.

• Blasting will occur outside any restricted fish timing windows to lessen the extent and number of fish it potentially affects.

5.5.4 Residual Effects It is anticipated that implementation of appropriate mitigation measures will prevent or minimize impacts on aquatic habitat and biota due to water quality and spill issues. Monitoring to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures will be conducted throughout the construction period (see Section 9). If significant erosion and sedimentation occurs as a result of an unforeseen event or a failure of erosion and sediment controls, the need for remediation of habitats that have been significantly adversely affected by sedimentation will be determined in conjunction with regulatory agencies.

Fish mortality during dewatering may still occur despite fish salvage efforts and mitigation measures. Benthic invertebrates living within the area which will be occupied and dewatered by the cofferdam will succumb to either smothering (due to cofferdam construction) or desiccation (due to dewatering). No mitigation is feasible to prevent this. However, it is anticipated that invertebrate populations will rapidly recolonize the disturbed areas following construction.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-18

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Following the employment of mitigating measures, disturbance of aquatic biota during blasting in or near water is anticipated to result in minimal affects to aquatic biota and supporting habitat.

The isolation of pool, rapid/riffle and bank habitat will occur during construction. All three (3) habitat types are relatively abundant within the Upstream and Downstream ZOI, accordingly, this loss in habitat is not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of any aquatic biota to a degree that would be reflected in the local resident or Bay of Quinte or Lake Ontario migrant populations.

Trenton Lock 1 Dam is currently a barrier to upstream fish movement. The longitudinal orientation of the training wall will allow continued passage and movement within the Downstream ZOI. River velocities during construction (based on the results of modeling) will be higher (an increase of up to 1 m/s in certain areas of the Rapid Area when flows are 400 m3/s) than what would prevail without the cofferdams. The velocities are not anticipated to present a hydraulic barrier to fish movement due to the limited area where increased velocities are predicted.

Table 5-2 identifies the Project components anticipated fisheries effects as it relates to Subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act. Permanent alteration of fish habitat is defined within DFO’s Fisheries Protection Policy Statement (2013) as “an alteration of fish habitat of a spatial scale, duration and intensity that limits or diminishes the ability of fish to use such habitats as spawning grounds, or as nursery, rearing, or food supply areas, or as a migration corridor, or any other area in order to carry out one or more of their life processes.” Table 5-2: Residual Effects to the Aquatic Environment (General) in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Temporary Destruction Alteration Alteration of Fish Project Component / Fish of Fish of Fish Duration Habitat Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) Construction of powerhouse Permanent NO 594 - - Construction of training wall Permanent NO 810 - - 19 months (construction Construction of upstream time: 2 cofferdam, intake channel YES 156 1,292 3,020 months; 17 and dewatering months in place)

Construction of downstream 19 months cofferdam and dewatering (construction (includes between training time: 1 month; YES - 3,238 - wall and tailrace channel, 18 months in tailrace channel, place) downstream cofferdam,

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-19

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Permanent Temporary Destruction Alteration Alteration of Fish Project Component / Fish of Fish of Fish Duration Habitat Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) north portion of dissipation flare) In-water blasting and excavation (south portion of 2 months YES - 1,053 dissipation flare) Alteration of water levels and velocity in Downstream 24 months NO - - - ZOI Total Area 1,560 5,583 3,020

5.5.5 Lake Whitefish

5.5.5.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects were described at the beginning of this section.

5.5.5.2 Potential Effects Potential effects were described at the beginning of this section.

5.5.5.3 Mitigation Measures General mitigation measures were described at the beginning of this section. No additional mitigation measures are believed to be required.

5.5.5.4 Residual Effects Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003, and modelling performed by CIMA with onsite observation and capture data of Hatch’s 2016 fall fish program, Hatch biologist derived areas suitable for Lake Whitefish spawning. Figure 6-3 depicts areas of coarse substrates with suitable flow velocities (0.1 to 1.0 m/s) and depths (0.1 to 3 m). Lake Whitefish spawning is anticipated to occur during the months of November and December when mean flows are typically 141 and 175 m³/s, respectively.

As presented in Figure 6-3, existing habitat suitable for Lake Whitefish spawning covers approximately 23,658 m² located primarily within the Bypass Reach (21,509 m2). It is estimated that construction would result in the destruction of 488 m2 of spawning habitat and in the permanent alteration of 1,700 m2 of spawning habitat.

Table 5-3 identifies the Project components/potential fisheries effects as it relates to Subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-20

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 5-3: Potential Effects to Lake Whitefish Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Temporary Project Component / Fish Destruction of Alteration of Alteration of Duration Potential Effects Mortality Fish Habitat Fish Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) Construction of Permanent NO - - - powerhouse Construction of 488 Permanent NO - - training wall (spawning) Construction of No presence in No presence in No presence in upstream cofferdam 19 months YES Upstream ZOI Upstream ZOI Upstream ZOI and dewatering Construction of downstream cofferdam and dewatering (includes between training wall 1,477 and tailrace channel, 19 months YES - - tailrace channel, (spawning) downstream cofferdam, north portion of dissipation flare)

In-water blasting and 223 excavation (south 2 months YES - - dissipation flare) (spawning) Alteration of water levels and velocity in 24 months NO - - - downstream ZOI 488 1,700 Total Area - (spawning) (spawning)

Effected Lake Whitefish spawning habitat represents <10% of the total available spawning habitat within the Local Study Area. The permanent alteration of fish habitat and the destruction of fish habitat during construction are not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of the Lake Whitefish to a degree that would be reflected in the Bay of Quinte or Lake Ontario populations. Proposed fish salvage would be expected to reduce potential harm to individuals during the dewatering process.

5.5.6 Cisco

5.5.6.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects were described at the beginning of this section.

5.5.6.2 Potential Effects Potential effects were described at the beginning of this section.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-21

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.5.6.3 Mitigation Measures General mitigation measures were described at the beginning of this section. No additional mitigation measures are believed to be required.

5.5.6.4 Residual Effects Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003, modelling performed by CIMA with onsite observation and capture data of Hatch’s 2016 fall fish program, Hatch biologist derived what is thought to be the areas most used by Cisco for spawning purposed under normal flow conditions. Figure 6-4 depicts areas of clean swept flat stones with suitable flow velocities (0.1 to 0.5 m/s) and depths (0.1 to 1 m). It is estimated that construction would result in the destruction of 0 m2 of spawning habitat and in the permanent alteration of 43 m2 of spawning habitat.

Table 5-4 identifies the Project components/potential fisheries effects as it relates to Subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act. Table 5-4: Potential Effects to Cisco Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Project Permanent Temporary Fish Destruction of Component / Duration Alteration of Alteration of Mortality Fish Habitat Potential Effects Fish Habitat Fish Habitat Construction of Permanent NO - - - powerhouse Construction of Permanent NO - - - training wall Construction of No presence in No presence in No presence in upstream cofferdam 19 months YES Upstream ZOI Upstream ZOI Upstream ZOI and dewatering Construction of downstream cofferdam and dewatering (includes between training wall and 19 months YES - - - tailrace channel, tailrace channel, downstream cofferdam, north portion of dissipation flare) In-water blasting and excavation 43 m2 2 months YES - - (south dissipation (spawning) flare) Alteration of water levels and velocity 24 months NO - - - in downstream ZOI 43 m2 Total Area - - (spawning)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-22

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The permanent alteration of 43 m² of spawning habitat is anticipated to be affected. This total represents <1% of the total existing (6,757 m²) Cisco spawning habitat within the downstream ZOI. The permanent alteration of fish habitat during construction is not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of the Cisco to a degree that would be reflected in the Bay of Quinte or Lake Ontario populations. Proposed fish salvage would be expected to reduce potential harm to individuals during the dewatering process.

5.5.7 Walleye

5.5.7.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects were described at the beginning of this section.

5.5.7.2 Potential Effects Potential effects were described at the beginning of this section.

5.5.7.3 Mitigation Measures General mitigation measures were described at the beginning of this section. No additional mitigation measures are believed to be required.

5.5.7.4 Residual Effects Walleye are expected to reside and spawn within the Local Study Area. MNRF has indicated that the Downstream ZOI is a significant spawning area for the Bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario Walleye populations.

Walleye are known to spawn over coarse substrates in areas that receive adequate flow (0.3 - 2.0 m/s) or heavy wave action to remove silts and fines. Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003 and modelling performed by CIMA, with onsite observation, Hatch biologist derived areas suitable for Walleye spawning. Figure 6-5 depicts areas of coarse substrates with suitable flow velocities (0.3 to 2.0 m/s) and depths (0.1 to 3 m).

Existing habitat suitable for Walleye spawning covers approximately 29,806 m², located primarily within the Bypass Reach and coarse substrate along the western bank and adjacent the islands (28,070 m2). It is estimated that construction would result in the destruction of 1,560 m2 of general habitat, 459 m2 of spawning habitat and in the temporary/permanent alteration of 8,603 m2 of general habitat that contains 1,316 m2 of spawning habitat.

Table 5-5 identifies the Project components/potential fisheries effects as it relates to Subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-23

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 5-5: Potential Effects to the Walleye Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Destruction Alteration Temporary Project Component / Fish Duration of Fish of Fish Alteration of Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) 594 (general) Construction of powerhouse Permanent NO - - 0 (spawning) 810 (general) Construction of training wall Permanent NO - - 459 (spawning) 156 1,292 Construction of upstream (general) (general) 3,020 19 months YES cofferdam and dewatering 0 0 (general) (spawning) (spawning) Construction of downstream cofferdam and dewatering

(includes between training 3,238 wall and tailrace channel, (general) 19 months YES - - tailrace channel, 1,316 downstream cofferdam, (spawning) north portion of dissipation flare) 1,053 In-water blasting and (general) excavation (south dissipation 2 months YES - - flare) 0 (spawning) Alteration of water levels and 24 months NO - - - velocity in downstream ZOI 1,560 5,583 (general) (general) 3,020 Total Area 459 1,316 (general) (spawning) (spawning)

Combining the destruction of habitat with permanent and temporary alteration of habitat, a total of 1,775 m² of spawning habitat is affected. This total represents <6% of the total existing (29,806 m²) Walleye spawning habitat within the downstream ZOI. The permanent/temporary alteration of fish habitat and the destruction of fish habitat during construction are not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of the Walleye to a degree that would be reflected in the local or Bay of Quinte populations. Proposed fish salvage would be expected to reduce potential harm to individuals during the dewatering process.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-24

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.6 Wildlife

5.6.1 General Wildlife

5.6.1.1 Sources of Effects Field studies completed for the Project identified several wildlife species (see Section 4.1.13) and wildlife habitats within and immediately adjacent to the Project. The majority of potential effects to wildlife and wildlife habitat are associated with site preparation clearing and grading, particularly in areas associated with the proposed intake, tailrace channel, access roads, and laydown areas.

5.6.1.2 Potential Effects Potential effects to wildlife and wildlife habitat include:

• Wildlife disturbance resulting from increase noise and vibration, human presence and collision with vehicle and machinery.

• Alteration of habitat including soil compaction, change in moisture regime, fugitive dust, spills and sedimentation.

5.6.1.3 Mitigation Measures The following general mitigation measures will be implemented during the construction period:

• Complete a pre-construction survey to ensure there is no wildlife within the Project Area.

• Where feasible, avoid construction activities related to site preparation outside of sensitive seasons for migratory birds (April 1 to August 31) and bats (March 15 to October 31). Agency consultation is required in consideration of restrictions required for various species in determining appropriate timing of construction activities and any additional mitigation measures.

• Restrict construction activities to the work areas.

• Implement speed limits to minimize the potential for incidental take of transient species.

• Install signage to advise construction crew/staff of wildlife presence.

• Any bird nests observed during construction should be left alone and a 30-m setback (when possible) applied where construction will not be permitted until after the eggs have hatched and species have left the nest.

• Staff will be trained on measures to take when wildlife is observed on site and potential effects may occur.

• Construction personnel will be trained on identifying potential effects to wildlife and wildlife habitat and implementing appropriate mitigation and reporting protocols. The training program and protocols will be included in the Environmental Management Plan.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-25

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Install exclusionary fencing in advance of nesting period/construction to prevent amphibians and reptiles from entering the construction site. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type of fencing and design will be required. Where required, redirect amphibians and reptiles to areas where they can avoid the potential for incidental take and still have access to habitats.

• Complete pre-construction surveys in the spring and/or fall to verify that no hibernacula sites are within the Project Area.

• Conduct daily reptile surveys within construction work areas prior to starting work to ensure there are no reptiles present within the construction zone. When snakes are observed, attempt to move the snake outside of any potential harm. Qualified personnel should be properly trained on safe handling and removal procedures and circumstances of when it is appropriate to relocate.

• If an unknown hibernaculum is discovered during construction, all construction activities should cease and MNRF contacted to discuss potential mitigation.

• Maintain a 30-m setback (when possible) from potential reptile hibernacula (where habitat presence was not confirmed but may be present), if possible.

• Avoid storing heavy equipment and machinery along the southern boundary of the Project near the potential hibernacula. This area will be demarcated to limit construction activities to the Project Area.

• Vegetation clearing is recommended in the winter months. Engagement with MNRF is recommended to discuss alternative measures should there be concerns with potential hibernacula in the area during construction activities.

• Implement surface protection measures to minimize soil compaction.

• Boundaries will be demarcated to limit construction activities to the Project Area.

• Avoid storing heavy equipment and machinery along the bank and areas with loose gravel to minimize soil compaction.

• Implement a Dust Management Plan for the suppression of fugitive dust.

• Implement a Spill Prevention and Response Plan.

• Implement an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan.

5.6.1.4 Residual Effects Wildlife disturbance due to construction noise and human presence on site; and temporary loss of habitat are expected to occur during the construction period. There is a risk of wildlife mortality associated with construction activities.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-26

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.7 Species at Risk Federally and provincially listed species at risk with the potential to occur within the Local Study Area have been identified through agency and stakeholder consultation and professional judgement. Any species with potential to occur were then further evaluated for presence/absence or habitat suitability within the Project Area as discussed in Section 4.1.15. Those confirmed species or species with a potential to occur within the Project Area and ZOI, which may be potentially affected by the Project have been carried forward in this assessment and are discussed in the following sections.

5.7.1 American Eel

5.7.1.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects include impaired surface water quality due to fugitive dust deposition and/or erosion and sedimentation, accidental spills or leaks of potentially hazardous material, in-stream work (road construction, cofferdams construction and removal, training wall construction), dewatering behind cofferdams and blasting in or near water.

5.7.1.2 Potential Effects Construction of the powerhouse, the training wall, blasting in or near water, temporary cofferdams and associated dewatering within the isolated area has the potential to result in serious harm to fish (as defined in the Fisheries Act). Potential effects to fish include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration, stranding of fish behind cofferdams and fish mortality.

5.7.1.3 Mitigation Measures General mitigation measures were described in Section 5.5.3. No additional mitigation measures are believed to be required.

5.7.1.4 Residual Effects American Eel is expected to utilize any wetted areas present within the Study Area. It is estimated that construction would result in the destruction of 1,560 m2 of American Eel foraging habitat and in addition to the temporary/permanent alteration of 18,603 m2 of American Eel foraging habitat during a period of 19 months during construction.

Table 5-6 identifies the Project components/potential fisheries effects as it relates to Subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-27

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 5-6: Potential Effects to American Eel Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Destruction Permanent Temporary Project Component / Fish of Fish Alteration of Alteration of Duration Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Fish Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) Construction of 594 Permanent NO - - powerhouse (general) Construction of training 810 Permanent NO - - wall (general) Construction of upstream 156 1,292 3,020 19 months YES cofferdam and dewatering (general) (general) (general) Construction of downstream cofferdam and dewatering (including between training wall and 3,238 19 months YES - - tailrace channel, tailrace (general) channel, downstream cofferdam, north portion of dissipation flare)

In-water blasting and 1,053 excavation (south 2 months YES - - dissipation flare) (general) Alteration of water levels and velocity in 24 months NO - - - Downstream ZOI 1,560 5,583 3,020 Total Area (general) (general) (general)

American Eel habitat is well represented throughout the Local Study Area with the entire river meeting general habitat for foraging and refuge. For general comparison, the total area of destructed or altered habitat during construction represents <4% of the combined upstream and downstream ZOI.

The temporary loss in area during construction is not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of the American Eel to a degree that would be reflected in the local populations. Proposed fish salvage would be expected to reduce potential harm to individuals during the dewatering process. Placement of the cofferdam may result in the harm of low mobility species such as young American Eel (elver or yellow eels) who may take refuge under existing rocks within the footprint of the cofferdams and training walls.

5.7.2 Lake Sturgeon

5.7.2.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects include impaired surface water quality due to fugitive dust deposition and/or erosion and sedimentation, accidental spills or leaks of potentially hazardous material,

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-28

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

in-stream work (road construction, cofferdams construction and removal, training wall construction), dewatering behind cofferdams and blasting in or near water.

5.7.2.2 Potential Effects Construction of the powerhouse, the training wall, blasting in or near water, temporary cofferdams and associated dewatering within the isolated area has the potential to result in serious harm to fish. Potential effects to fish include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration, stranding of fish behind cofferdams and fish mortality.

5.7.2.3 Mitigation Measures General mitigation measures were described in Section 5.5.3. No additional mitigation measures are believed to be required.

5.7.2.4 Residual Effects Although few Lake Sturgeon are expected to utilize the area, 22,193 m² of habitat meets the criteria of coarse substrate possessing velocities between 0.5 and 1.5 m/s with depths ranging from 0.1 to 5 m. Hatch and 2003 Parish information was combined with CIMA modelling to desalinate this area primarily within the Bypass Reach as shown in Figure 6-6.

It is estimated that construction would result in the destruction of 1,404 m2 of general habitat and 459 m2 of spawning habitat for Lake Sturgeon and in the permanent alteration of 4,291 m2 of Lake Sturgeon general habitat that also contains 1,318 m2 of spawning area during a period of 19 months during construction.

Table 5-7 identifies the Project components/potential fisheries effects as it relates to Subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act. Table 5-7: Potential Effects to Lake Sturgeon Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Destruction Permanent Temporary Project Component / Fish of Fish Alteration of Alteration of Duration Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Fish Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) 594 Construction of (general) Permanent NO - - powerhouse 0 (spawning) 810 Construction of training (general) Permanent NO - - wall 459 (spawning) Construction of No presence No presence in No presence in upstream cofferdam and 19 months YES in Upstream Upstream ZOI Upstream ZOI dewatering ZOI

Construction of 3,238 downstream cofferdam 19 months YES - (general) - and dewatering 1,318

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-29

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Destruction Permanent Temporary Project Component / Fish of Fish Alteration of Alteration of Duration Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Fish Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) (including between (spawning) training wall and tailrace channel, tailrace channel, downstream cofferdam, north portion of dissipation flare) 1,053 In-water blasting and (general) excavation (south 2 months YES - dissipation flare) 0 (spawning) Alteration of water levels and velocity in 24 months NO - - - downstream ZOI 1,404 4,291 (general) (general) Total Area 459 1,318 (spawning) (spawning)

Combining the destruction of habitat with permanent alteration of habitat, a total of 1,777 m² of spawning habitat is affected. This total represents <8% of the total existing (22,193 m²) Lake Sturgeon spawning habitat within the downstream ZOI. The temporary loss in area during construction is not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of the Lake Sturgeon to a degree that would be reflected in the Bay of Quinte population. Proposed fish salvage would be expected to reduce potential harm to individuals during the dewatering process.

5.7.3 River Redhorse

5.7.3.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects include impaired surface water quality due to fugitive dust deposition and/or erosion and sedimentation, accidental spills or leaks of potentially hazardous material, in-stream work (road construction, cofferdams construction and removal, training wall construction), dewatering behind cofferdams and blasting in or near water.

5.7.3.2 Potential Effects Construction of the powerhouse, the training wall, blasting in or near water, temporary cofferdams and associated dewatering within the isolated area has the potential to result in serious harm to fish (as defined in the Fisheries Act). Potential effects to fish include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration, stranding of fish behind cofferdams and fish mortality.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-30

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.7.3.3 Mitigation Measures General mitigation measures were described in Section 5.5.3. No additional mitigation measures are believed to be required.

5.7.3.4 Residual Effects Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003 and modelling performed by CIMA, with onsite observation, Hatch biologist derived areas suitable for redhorse spawning. Figure 6-7 depicts areas of suitable substrates with suitable flow velocities (0.6 to 1.2 m/s) and depths (0.1 to 2 m). Existing habitat suitable for River Redhorse spawning covers approximately 11,046 m², 10,567 of which is located within the Bypass Reach and Downstream Area (i.e. outside of the Project Area). It is estimated that construction would result in the destruction of 1,560 m2 of River Redhorse general habitat and in the temporary/permanent alteration of 8,603 m2 of River Redhorse general habitat that also contains 470 m2 spawning habitat during a period of 19 months during construction.

Table 5-8 identifies the Project components/potential fisheries effects as it relates to subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act. Table 5-8: Potential Effects to River Redhorse Habitat in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Destruction Alteration Temporary Project Component/ Fish Duration of Fish of Fish Alteration of Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) 594 Construction of (general) Permanent NO - - powerhouse 0 (spawning) 810 (general) Construction of training wall Permanent NO - - 0 (spawning) 156 1,292 Construction of upstream (general) general 3,020 19 months YES cofferdam and dewatering 0 0 (general) (spawning) (spawning) Construction of downstream cofferdam and

dewatering (includes 3,238 between training wall and (general) 19 months YES - - tailrace channel, tailrace 9 channel, downstream (spawning) cofferdam, north portion of dissipation flare)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-31

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Permanent Destruction Alteration Temporary Project Component/ Fish Duration of Fish of Fish Alteration of Potential Effects Mortality Habitat Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) 1,053 In-water blasting and (general) excavation (south 2 months YES - dissipation flare) 461 (spawning) Alteration of water levels and velocity in downstream 24 months NO - - - ZOI 5,583 1,560 (general) 3,020 Total Area (general) 470 (general) (spawning)

Combining the destruction of habitat with permanent and temporary alteration of habitat a total of 470 m² of spawning habitat is affected. This total represents <5% of the total existing (11,046 m²) River Redhorse spawning habitat within the downstream ZOI. The temporary loss in area during construction is not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of the River Redhorse to a degree that would be reflected in the local populations. Proposed fish salvage would be expected to reduce potential harm to individuals during the dewatering process.

5.7.4 Blanding’s Turtle, Eastern Musk Turtle, Northern Map Turtle and Snapping Turtle

5.7.4.1 Sources of Effects General construction activities (including vehicle traffic, pollution and clearing) may have a potential effect on turtles and their habitat. The final location and design of the relocated Quinte West Water Treatment Plant will consider proximity to the upstream wetland as well as the prevention of turtle entrainment.

5.7.4.2 Potential Effects Disturbance to turtles may result from increases in noise and vibration levels, human presence and collision with vehicle and machinery.

5.7.4.3 Mitigation Measures The following specific mitigation measures will be implemented during the construction period:

• Boundaries of turtle habitat identified within the Project Area prior to construction (either during field investigations in 2016 and 2017 or observed on site prior to or during construction) will be demarcated to avoid disturbance.

• A 30-m setback from sensitive turtle habitats (when possible) is recommended.

• Install signage to advise construction crew/staff of turtle presence.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-32

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Where feasible, time construction site preparation activities outside of sensitive nesting periods. The upstream area is not anticipated to be subject to the in-water timing window given the results of the field investigations (species not confirmed to be present). Agency consultation is required in consideration of restrictions required for various species in determining appropriate timing of construction activities and any additional mitigation measures.

• Implement equipment speed limits to minimize the potential for incidental harm of transient species.

• Conduct daily turtle surveys during the active season (April through October) within the active construction zones and any transportation routes.

• If a turtle is observed nesting on the Project, work activities should be stopped to allow the turtle to deposit her eggs and return to the wetland. Nests should be demarcated and a 30-m setback applied (when possible). It may also be appropriate to cover the nest with a raised grate to protect the nest/hatchlings. The grate would need to be removed once the hatchlings emerge, and therefore, require monitoring effort. Hatchlings may need to be relocated to the wetlands upstream of the Project. Engagement with MNRF is required to discuss these types of mitigation measures.

• Qualified personnel should be properly trained on safe handling and removal procedures and circumstances of when it is appropriate to relocate turtles.

• Train all on-site and construction staff on measures to take in the event they observe turtles within the Project.

• Install exclusionary fencing in advance of nesting period/construction to prevent turtles from entering the construction site. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type of fencing and design will be required. Where required, redirect turtles to areas where they can avoid the potential for incidental take and still have access to habitats.

5.7.4.4 Residual Effects Turtle disturbance and temporary loss of habitat are expected to occur during the construction period. There is a risk of turtle mortality associated with construction activities.

5.7.5 Eastern Whip-poor-will and Common Nighthawk

5.7.5.1 Sources of Effects General construction activities (including clearing) may have potential effect on Eastern Whip- poor-will and Common Nighthawk as well as their habitat.

5.7.5.2 Potential Effects Disturbance to Eastern Whip-poor-will and Common Nighthawk may result from increases in noise and vibration levels and human presence during construction activities.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-33

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Habitat for these species may be affected as a result of clearing. No nests were observed during studies in 2017, potential exists for nesting within the wooded areas and clearings associated within them however the probability is thought to be low.

5.7.5.3 Mitigation Measures In addition to the mitigation measures proposed in Section 5.6.1.3 to reduce/eliminate the potential for adverse environmental effects to general wildlife, the following specific mitigation measures will be implemented during the construction period to prevent potential adverse effects to Eastern Whip-poor-will and Common Nighthawk individuals and their habitat:

• Ensure tree clearing is completed between September 1 and March 31 to minimize potential effects to birds and their associated habitat.

• Restrict construction activities to the work areas through use of fencing or other barrier erected to demarcate clearing area boundaries.

5.7.5.4 Residual Effects Disturbance of and temporary loss of habitat for Eastern Whip-poor-will and Common Nighthawk are expected to occur during the construction period.

5.7.6 Little Brown Bat, Northern Myotis, Tri-Colored Bat, Small-footed Bat

5.7.6.1 Sources of Effects General construction activities (including clearing) may have potential effect on bats and bat habitat.

5.7.6.2 Potential Effects Disturbance to potential maternity (assumed to be present in FOD8-1) and foraging habitats for SAR bats may result from increases in noise and vibration levels and human presence as well as site preparation (clearing) activities.

5.7.6.3 Mitigation Measures In addition to the mitigation measures proposed in Section 5.6.1.3 to reduce/eliminate the potential for adverse environmental effects to general wildlife, the following specific mitigation measures will be implemented during the construction period:

• Ensure tree clearing is completed between September 1 and March 31 to minimize potential effects to bats and their associated habitat.

• Restrict construction activities to the work areas through use of fencing or other barrier erected to demarcate clearing area boundaries.

5.7.6.4 Residual Effects Disturbance of as well as temporary loss of habitat for SAR bats is expected to occur during the construction period.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-34

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.7.7 Eastern Ribbonsnake and Eastern Milksnake

5.7.7.1 Sources of Effects General construction activities (including terrestrial and bank activities such as vegetation clearing and topsoil removal) may have a potential effect on Eastern Ribbonsnake and Eastern Milksnake as well as their habitat.

5.7.7.2 Potential Effects Disturbance may result from increases in noise and vibration levels, human presence, decreased foraging areas along bank as well as collision with equipment and vehicles.

5.7.7.3 Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will be implemented during the construction period:

• Prior to construction, demarcate snake hibernacula encountered within the Project footprint to avoid disturbance.

• Install signage to advise on-site personnel of potential Eastern Ribbonsnake and Eastern Milksnake presence.

• Implement speed limits to minimize the potential for incidental strikes.

• Proper training by qualified personnel on safe handling and removal procedures and relocation procedures.

• Install exclusionary fencing in advance of construction to prevent snakes from entering the construction site. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type of fencing and design will be required. Daily monitoring of exclusion fencing will be undertaken.

5.7.7.4 Residual Effects Eastern Ribbonsnake disturbance and temporary loss of habitat are expected to occur during the construction period. There is a risk of snake mortality associated with construction activities. 5.8 Vegetation

5.8.1 General Vegetation

5.8.1.1 Sources of Effects Construction of the Project will require grubbing and clearing of trees, shrubs and groundcover along the bank where the intake and tailrace channel are proposed, as well as the areas associated with the new temporary access roads (north and south) and potential laydown areas (east, west and north). Construction of the proposed connection line and connection point would also require removal of a portion of manicured lawn. Terrestrial vegetation found within the Project Area and surrounding area are typical of the regional

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-35

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

landscape. There were no rare vegetation communities, rare plant species (i.e., species of conservation concern) or SAR plants observed during the field studies.

5.8.1.2 Potential Effects Alteration to vegetation communities and damage to trees along the edge of woodlands and treed areas may result in:

• Damage to adjacent trees/shrubs and groundcover outside of work area

• Creation of new edge trees within wooded areas

• Disturbance to the rooting zone through soil compaction and rutting.

Potential effects related to vegetation removal include:

• Increase in the volume and concentration of surface water runoff, flooding and transportation of deleterious substances

• Erosion and sedimentation susceptibility

• Increase in fugitive dust.

Due to the close proximity of the Project Area to nearby vegetated areas, damage to adjacent vegetation may occur during the clearing of vegetation and other construction activities. Direct damage to adjacent vegetation may occur during tree felling activities and to tree rooting zones as a result of soil compaction and rutting.

Indirect vegetation impacts may include creating new edge trees within previously wooded areas. Additionally, the loss of vegetated area may increase the volume and concentration of surface water runoff, flooding and transportation of deleterious substances, as well as erosion and sedimentation. In a similar manner, the increased presence of vehicles in the area during construction activities may generate fugitive dust which can be harmful to surrounding plant life.

5.8.1.3 Mitigation Measures To minimize the potential of negative environmental effects associated with vegetation removal, the following mitigation measures have been identified:

• Where possible, vegetation within the Project Area will be maintained to the extent possible. This will minimize the extent of off-site effects related to changes in hydrology, contamination (e.g., fuel spills, sedimentation). Where vegetation removal is required, vegetation will be re-established following construction. Trees will be mulched and material will be used to prevent erosion.

• Cleared areas will be limited to the extent possible and construction areas will be clearly demarked to prevent unnecessary expansion of construction laydown areas.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-36

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• A restoration plan will be implemented which will include re-vegetating disturbed areas with native species that are characteristic of the surrounding environment.

To minimize the potential of negative environmental effects related to off-site vegetation damage, the following mitigation measures have been identified:

• Where feasible, time construction activities related to site preparation for the winter months.

• Where feasible, maintain a 30-m setback from the rooting zone of edge trees.

• Restrict construction activities by demarcating work areas.

• Felled trees will be directed to cleared areas to prevent damage to those remaining.

• Implement an invasive species management plan.

In addition, the following mitigation measures will be implemented:

• Implement a Spill Prevention and Response Plan.

• Implement an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan.

• Implement a restoration plan that includes re-vegetating disturbed areas with native species.

• Implement a dust management plan for the suppression of fugitive dust.

• Ensure dust curtains are used on loaded dump trucks, delivering and removing materials on and off site.

• Stockpiles and other disturbed areas will be stabilized as necessary (e.g., tarped, mulched, graded, revegetated or watered to create a hard surface crust) to reduce/prevent erosion and escape of fugitive dust.

• Visual monitoring of dust generation will occur during the construction period, and if dust is observed to be of concern, additional mitigation will be implemented.

5.8.1.4 Residual Effects The residual effect of the Project on vegetation will include a loss or alteration of vegetation communities within the Project Area.

Table 5-9 below, provides estimations of the area and type of vegetation to be cleared within each Project component.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-37

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 5-9: Estimates of Areas of Vegetation Communities to be Cleared

Vegetation Community Project Component Community Area to be Community Type Size Cleared (ha) (ha) Powerhouse and Dry-Fresh Graminoid Meadow Ecosite (MEGM3) 0.037 0.037 Parking Area Mineral Treed Bluff (BLT1) 0.05 0.005 Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL) 0.37 0.043 Intake N/A N/A N/A Tailrace Canal and Mineral Treed Bluff (BLT1) 0.05 0.00726 Dissipation Flare Temporary Access Sumac Cultural Thicket Type (CUT1-1) 0.16 0.0147 Road (South) Dry-Fresh Graminoid Meadow Ecosite (MEGM3) 0.21 0.0458 Fresh-Moist Deciduous Woodland Ecosite (WODM5) 0.28 0.0332 Temporary Access Forb Meadow (MEF) 0.14 0.0368 Road (North) Dry-Fresh Poplar Deciduous Forest Type (FOD3-1) 0.089 0.00361 Mineral Treed Shoreline Ecosite (SHTM) 0.0065 0.0012 Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL) 1.24 0.00759 Access Road Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL) 0.42 0.01495 Laydown Area Forb Meadow (MEF) 0.084 0.00275 (West) Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL) 1.069 0.796 Laydown Area (East) N/A N/A N/A Connection Line and Sumac Cultural Thicket Type (CUT1-1) 0.115 0.001104 Connection Point Green Lands – Manicured Lawn (CGL) 0.354 0.0653

5.8.2 Invasive Vegetation

5.8.2.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects include the introduction and dispersion of new and existing invasive species by construction machinery and personnel and the creation of favorable conditions for aggressive invasive species within newly disturbed areas.

5.8.2.2 Potential Effects The potential effects of the Project on invasive vegetation include competition with native species both within the disturbed and adjacent areas; potential for mono-culture versus mixed native; and potential displacement of wildlife dependent on specific native vegetation or mixed vegetation types.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-38

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.8.2.3 Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are proposed:

• Implement an invasive species management plan in accordance with PCA’s approved Best Management Practices which may include the following:

 All equipment and machinery new-to-site must be inspected upon arrival, prior to being used.

 Equipment and machinery as well as footwear and clothing coming into contact with the terrestrial or aquatic environment must be free of invasive species vegetation, seeds, propagules (i.e., any other material that may cause the spread of the species) and pathogens. In particular:

. Equipment from outside the Project Area must be pressure washed/steam cleaned prior to arrival, with particular attention to tracks and digging components that will be in contact with the soil layers.

. Ensure that footwear, clothing and equipment are free of invasive alien species (e.g., seeds, propagules) when travelling between invaded and uninvaded terrestrial and aquatic sites within the Project Area (if identified).

 All soil, gravel, untreated lumber, erosion and sediment control products (e.g., mulch), or other materials from outside the Project Area must be from a certified weed-free source.

 Any organic material (e.g., topsoil, borrow and fill material, gravel) taken from the construction site is free of invasive alien species before using in other areas within the Project Area.

 Ground disturbance and vegetation removal will be minimized to the extent possible, as practical and within Project construction requirements.

5.8.2.4 Residual Effects No residual effects are anticipated following effective mitigation. 5.9 Natural Heritage Features

5.9.1 Wetlands

5.9.1.1 Sources of Effects The field studies completed for this Project determined there are no wetlands within the Project Area; however, there is a shallow marsh in the Local Study Area (MAS2-1). It is located immediately adjacent to the existing/upgraded road access (north). Site preparation and construction activities along the existing/upgraded road access (north) may result in

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-39

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

adverse effects to wetlands. It is worth noting that this wetland is connected to the river and is not separate and distinct.

5.9.1.2 Potential Effects Site preparation for the northern temporary access road and intake structure will result in vegetation removal and grading activities within the Project Area. This may result in indirect effects causing changes to the ecological and health and functions of the wetland. These indirect effects include:

• Increase in the volume and concentration of surface water runoff

• Changes in moisture regime

• Sedimentation

• Contamination (e.g., fuel spills during clearing activities)

• Increase in fugitive dust

• Changes in community structure

• Changes in species composition.

5.9.1.3 Mitigation Measures To minimize the potential of negative environmental effects associated with site preparation, the following mitigation measures have been identified:

• Where possible, mitigation measures will follow the Federal Policy of Wetland Conservation.

• Where feasible, site preparation activities will be phased for the winter months to minimize the potential for off-site sedimentation, hydrological effects and impacts to wildlife that may be utilizing the wetland and surrounding areas.

• Where possible, vegetation within the Project footprint will be maintained. This will minimize the extent of off-site effects related to contamination (e.g., fuel spills, sedimentation).

• Potential effects to species composition and structure of the wetland will be minimized through maintaining existing drainage flows, volumes and pathway. This will also include maintaining permeable surfaces, where possible.

• Construction activities will be restricted to the work areas. This will include demarcating the work area, if needed.

• Heavy equipment, machinery and all storage materials will be stored are at least 30 m away from the Trent River, wetlands and any sensitive features (e.g., turtle nesting sites).

• Implement an erosion and sediment control plan, as outlined in Section 5.4.1.3.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-40

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Implement mitigation measures to control fugitive dust, as outlined in Section 5.1.3.

• Implement a dust management plan for the suppression of fugitive dust.

• Visual monitoring of potential effects to the wetland will occur throughout the construction period.

5.9.1.4 Residual Effects With the application of the mitigation measures identified above, no adverse residual effects to wetlands are anticipated.

5.9.2 Significant Woodlands

5.9.2.1 Sources of Effects The studies completed for this Project determined there are no significant woodlands located within the Project Area, but that there are three (3) significant woodlands within the vicinity of the Project Area (FOD (north), FOD7 (north) and FOD8-1 (south)). Construction activities such as clearing and upgrading of the access roads have the potential to cause adverse effects to these significant woodlands.

5.9.2.2 Potential Effects Each woodland was deemed to be significant due to being located within a Source Water Protection Area or linkages. The Source Water Protection Area is presented on Figure 4-28. Clearing of woodlands and creation of hard surface infrastructure within a source water protection area may reduce the areas ability to recharge. Furthermore, general reduction of woodlands may result in changes to the ecological health and function of the woodland.

5.9.2.3 Mitigation Measures To minimize the potential of negative environmental effects associated with woodland clearing, the following mitigation measures have been identified:

• Where feasible, woodland clearing will be phased for the winter months to minimize the potential for hydrological effects and impacts to wildlife that may be utilizing the woodland and surrounding areas.

• Where possible, vegetation within the Project Area will be maintained to the extent possible. In addition, the creation of hard surfaces will be minimized to the extent possible to maintain recharge capacity. This will minimize the aquifer recharge effects.

• Where vegetation removal is required, vegetation will be re-established following construction. Construction activities will be restricted to the work areas. This will include demarcating the work area, if needed.

5.9.2.4 Residual Effects No clearing of significant woodland will be required for the Project. however, With the application of the mitigation measures identified above, no residual adverse effects to significant woodlands are anticipated as a result of the Project.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-41

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.9.3 Significant Wildlife Habitat

5.9.3.1 Sources of Effects The studies and analysis completed for this Project confirmed or assumed seven (7) significant wildlife habitat types. Table C-1 through C-5 (Appendix C) outlines those significant wildlife habitat as; bat maternity colonies (assumed), turtle wintering areas (assumed), reptile hibernacula (assumed), turtle nesting areas (confirmed), wetland amphibian breeding habitat (confirmed), rare wildlife species (confirmed) and amphibian movement corridor (assumed). In-water as well as on-land construction activities such as tailrace construction, as well as clearing and upgrading of the access roads have the potential to cause adverse effects to six of the above-mentioned habitat types with wetland amphibian breeding habitat not expected to be affected during construction.

5.9.3.2 Potential Effects Potential Effects to each habitat type is described as follows:

• Effects to bat maternity colonies may result from the clearing of trees as well as increases in noise and vibration levels and human presence.

• Turtle wintering areas may be affected through the construction of upstream components such as the intake or relocation of Quinte west water intake.

• Disturbance to turtle nesting areas may result from clearing and grubbing within the Project Area, furthermore noise and vibration levels, human presence and collision with vehicle and machinery, may hinder nesting.

• Disturbance to reptile hibernacula may result from excavation or clearing of onshore portions. Furthermore, noise and vibration levels, human presence and collision with vehicle and machinery, may hinder individuals from reaching hibernacula.

• Effects to rare wildlife species are addressed within the species at risk section (Section 5.7).

5.9.3.3 Mitigation Measures The following mitigating measures to reduce or eliminate potential adverse effects to significant wildlife habitat are proposed, but not limited to:

• Ensure tree clearing is completed between November 1 and March 15 to minimize potential effects to bats and their associated habitat.

• Restrict construction activities to the work areas.

• Ensure (to the extent possible) upstream in-water cofferdam and de-watering occurs between June 1 and September 30.

• Demarcate snake hibernacula encountered within the Project footprint to avoid disturbance at the south end of the site.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-42

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Install exclusionary fencing prior to May 1 to eliminate access to the Project Area in advance of construction to prevent snakes, turtles and amphibians from entering the construction site. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type of fencing and design will be required along with regular inspection.

The mitigation measures provided above, along with those proposed in Sections 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8 are anticipated to adequately protect rare wildlife species.

5.9.3.4 Residual Effects Provided the above mitigation measures are implemented effects to significant wildlife habitat is expected to be minimal. Residual effects include the potential to reduce available bat maternity, turtle wintering, reptile hibernacula and turtle nesting habitat. Rare wildlife and amphibian movement corridor is not expected to have any residual effect. 5.10 Pollution

5.10.1 Soils

5.10.1.1 Sources of Effects An estimated 3,000 m3 of overburden soil is expected to be removed during excavation and site preparation. Sources of effects include: soil stockpiling; access road, laydown and works area construction; use of heavy equipment on riverbanks and riparian areas; use of heavy equipment, storage of construction materials, soil, sediment and bedrock stockpiling.

5.10.1.2 Potential Effects Potential effects to soils as a result of Project construction include:

• Erosion due to exposure of bare soil (not protected by vegetation) to the effects of water (rain, river flow) or wind.

• Mixing of soils with gravel.

• A reduction in riverbank stability and potential increases in bank erosion due to the use of heavy equipment on riverbanks and in riparian areas.

• Soil compaction from the use of heavy equipment and stockpiling of heavy materials (e.g., excavated rock). Soil compaction occurs when heavy equipment or material causes the soil particles to be pushed together, thereby increasing soil density and reducing the pore space within the soil structure (DeJong-Hughes et. al., 2001). Excessive soil compaction can result in inhibited vegetation growth by impeding root penetration within the soil, reducing aeration, and altering moisture intake (i.e., decreased infiltration and due to decreased pore space within the soil structure) (DeJong-Hughes et. al., 2001).

5.10.1.3 Mitigation Measures All stripped and excavated overburden materials will be separated into topsoil and subsoil, and then stockpiled on site for storage until they are ready for use during site restoration

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-43

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

activities or for off-site disposal. Excavated earth and organic materials will be reused on site in areas to be rehabilitated and revegetated following construction to the greatest extent possible.

The following, but not limited to, mitigation measures will be implemented in order to minimize adverse effects on soil (e.g., mixing, compaction, etc.) during the construction period:

• Topsoil and subsoil is to be stockpiled separately to avoid mixing.

• The duration of stockpiling is to be minimized to the greatest extent possible through appropriate phasing of construction and measures to prevent erosion of stockpiles will be implemented such as surface/slope texturing and uses of a geomembrane for cover.

• The height of topsoil stockpiles should be limited to the greatest extent possible, with height of <1 m preferred. Stockpiling to height >1 m may result in adverse effects on the health of the soils at the base of the stockpile (Harris and Birch, 1989; cited in Strohmayer, 1999).

In order to mitigate this potential, an erosion and sediment control plan is proposed below which should be supplemented by an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan drawing prepared by the proponent’s engineer or contractor. The Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be prepared by the Proponent and submitted to PCA for approval as a component of the Environmental Management Plan. The Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will take into consideration geotechnical investigation results (presence/distribution of soil particle sizes).

Preventing erosion from occurring is the primary goal of the ESC plan and measures such as proper construction phasing, minimizing the size and duration of soil disturbance and exposure and revegetating or stabilization as soon as possible after disturbance are all identified as effective erosion control measures. Sediment control measures are the last line of defense and are implemented to ensure that eroded soil particles are not transported off- site or to watercourses. Sediment control measures include sediment fences and instream turbidity curtains to trap and retain sediments.

The main mitigation measures that will form the basis for the erosion and sediment control plan will include:

• Minimizing the size of the cleared and disturbed areas at the construction site. Install limit of work devices to prevent the contractor from operating outside the defined construction area.

• Phase construction to minimize the time that soils are exposed.

• Grubbing should only be conducted where absolutely required.

• An adequate supply of erosion control devices (e.g., geotextiles, revegetation materials) and sediment control devices (e.g., in-water sediment barriers, sediment fences) to be provided on site to control erosion and sedimentation and respond to unexpected events.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-44

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Divert runoff from the temporary and permanent access roads through vegetated areas or into properly designed and constructed sediment traps or a drainage collection system and temporary settling pond to ensure that exposed soils are not eroded. Runoff velocities in ditches or other drainage routes, or along slopes, to be kept low via proper installation of flow velocity control measures such as rock check dams, to minimize erosion potential. Runoff discharge locations to be protected with erosion resistant material, if required.

• Grade disturbed slopes or stockpiles to a stable angle as soon as possible after disturbance to eliminate potential slumping. Any bank areas disturbed during construction will be stabilized with temporary measures (geomembrane, mesh, riprap or anchors) until permanent measures are commissioned (e.g., riprap).

• Revegetate or stabilize exposed sites as soon as possible after they have been disturbed, using quick growing grasses or other native vegetation species. Where revegetation is not possible other erosion protection methods, such as riprapping, bioengineering, or erosion matting to be used.

• Excavated erodible material stockpiles to be placed in suitable designated areas away from the river or other watercourses (i.e., outside the floodplain, away from drainage channels) and properly constructed sediment fences should be installed around the stockpiles to limit the transport of sediment.

• If clay presence is noted during the geotechnical investigations, the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will address this specifically as clay will require extra care to prevent sedimentation.

• Monitor the tracking of mud onto local streets during construction. If mud on streets occurs, the contractor will be required to implement a system to prevent transfer of this material to local storm drains. This could potentially include wheel washing areas at the exit from the construction site or end-of-day street sweeping/scraping to remove accumulated materials from local streets.

A geotextile fabric to be placed over existing soil prior to deposition of gravel base so that when facilities are decommissioned, underlying soils will be free of gravel which could affect soil structure and/or texture and other soil dependent processes (infiltration of surface water, vegetation growth)

Restoration of compacted (e.g., discing or other soil loosening methods) will be undertaken as required prior to revegetation.

5.10.1.4 Residual Effects Mitigation is anticipated to be effective in minimizing adverse impacts on soil, although some minor deterioration of the quality of stockpiled topsoil will likely occur. This deterioration may have an impact on the success of site revegetation efforts. Monitoring will be conducted

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-45

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

following final site restoration to ensure that adequate revegetation has occurred to prevent long-term erosion concerns (see Section 9). Remedial action will be undertaken as deemed necessary to ensure that revegetation is successful in preventing long-term erosion from the areas disturbed during construction.

No long-term change in native soil texture (i.e., the relative proportion of different grain sizes within the soil matrix) within the construction area is anticipated to occur. In order to prevent mixing of soils with gravel used during construction of the temporary access road, a geotextile fabric is to be placed over the existing soil prior to deposition of the gravel base.

Implementation of these mitigation measures is anticipated to be effective in minimizing soil erosion and off-site transport from the construction area. Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period to assess erosion potential, the effectiveness of mitigation measures and remedial requirements to account for any unforeseen circumstances (see Section 9– Environmental Monitoring).

The riverbank in the proposed working areas is predominantly formed of cobble and boulders with some erosion of exposed soils at and above the active water line. Ongoing erosion of some banks in the Project Area is evident. Work at the bank and bank grading in disturbed areas may occur during the construction period. No long-term impact on bank stability is anticipated as a result of these activities.

Monitoring of the riverbank will be conducted throughout the construction period to assess stability (see Section 9). Any bank areas disturbed during construction where susceptibility to erosion could be increased as a result of this disturbance will be stabilized with native plant material or other bioengineering or structural methods (e.g., riprap).

5.10.2 Spills

5.10.2.1 Sources of Effects Sediment, water and soil contamination could potentially result from accidental spills (e.g., due to improper handling and storage of chemicals, or due to unanticipated events such as equipment leaks) of pollutants such as fuels, lubricants, paints, solvents, from oils and other chemicals associated with the construction process.

5.10.2.2 Potential Effects Soil, water or groundwater contamination could potentially result from accidental spills3 (e.g., due to improper handling and storage of chemicals, or due to unanticipated events such as equipment leaks) of pollutants4 such as fuels, lubricants, paints, solvents, oils and other chemicals associated with the construction process.

3 A spill is defined in the Ontario Environmental Protection Act as “a discharge into the natural environment, from or out of a structure, vehicle or other container, that is abnormal in quality or quantity in light of all the circumstances of the discharge:(MOECC, 2007). 4 A pollutant is defined in the Ontario Environmental Protection Act as a “contaminant other than heat, sound, vibration or radiation”, where a contaminant is defined as “any solid, liquid, gas, odour, heat, sound, vibration,

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-46

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.10.2.3 Mitigation Measures The contractor will be required to have a spill prevention and response plan, in line with the Environmental Management Plan, in place prior to commencement of construction activities at the site. The plan will specify roles, responsibilities and appropriate procedures for chemical handling, spill response, reporting and cleanup, with reference to relevant legislative requirements. All site staff will be trained in proper implementation of the plan.

Other mitigation measures to be implemented include, but not limited to:

• A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during construction.

• Chemical handling procedures to be developed by the contractor so as to prevent/minimize the potential for spills due to improper handling.

• All employees responsible for chemical handling to be trained in proper handling and emergency spills response procedures.

• Barriers to be erected around designated chemical storage areas to prevent damage due to accidents such as trucks backing into area

• Provide adequate spill clean-up materials/equipment (e.g., absorbents) on site. The contractor will prepare a spill clean-up procedure/emergency contingency plan, prior to commencement of work at the site. The plan will be forwarded to relevant agencies prior to commencement of works on-site.

radiation or combination of any of them resulting directly or indirectly from human activities that causes or may cause an adverse effect”: (MOECC, 2007).

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-47

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• All spills of potentially toxic materials to be treated as significant and cleaned up immediately, with contaminated soils removed from the site to a designated disposal area, if required.

• Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period to ensure that the contractor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the DIA, tender specifications and relevant permits and approvals and that mitigation measures are having the intended effects in preventing/ minimizing the potential for spills and associated impacts (see Section 7)

• Secondary containment areas should be monitored throughout the construction period to ensure their integrity

• Any accidental spills likely to cause impacts to be immediately reported to the Ontario Spills Action Centre (1-800-268-6060)

5.10.2.4 Residual Effects Minor contamination of soils, water and groundwater could potentially occur. The extent of effect would vary depending on scale, timing, and location of incident should an accident occur; however, the residual effect will be minimized by the effective use of spill prevention and control measures. 5.11 Public Safety

5.11.1 Sources of Effects Construction of the proposed development poses potential public safety concerns, as the area is used by the public for recreation along the Trent River via local trails (see Figure 4-29) for hiking, as access to the bank of the Trent River for fishing, etc. Various land uses in the area are discussed in Section 4.2.

5.11.2 Potential Effects Potential impacts to public safety include injury from construction equipment or other construction activities.

5.11.3 Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are recommended to ensure public safety near construction activities during the construction period:

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-48

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

construction access route at some point. Proper safety procedures will be developed to ensure that the crossing is safe for the public. This could include use of flagmen to ensure that it is safe for construction vehicles to pass.

• Prevention of public access to the construction site using fences, gate(s), and security procedures.

• Posting of signage to notify the public of construction in the area, including posting of signage along the bank of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the work area to alert users to potential safety concerns.

• Adherence by workers to prescribed public safety procedures.

• Development of proper procedures for construction traffic, where required.

The following mitigation measures are recommended to ensure worker’s safety during construction:

• Completion of safety training program by all workers.

• Strict adherence to the Ministry of Labour occupational health and safety regulations pertaining to construction sites regarding worker safety.

• First aid equipment, as appropriate to the activity to be maintained on site.

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for any hazardous material used on site to be available close to the location where the material is used and stored.

• Implementation of a spill prevention and response plan.

5.11.4 Residual Effects Following the implementation of the above mitigation measures a reduced risk to public safety from construction equipment or activities remains. 5.12 Cultural Heritage Given the location of the Project Area on land under both federal and provincial jurisdiction, archaeological and cultural heritage resources have been assessed separately to meet respective federal and provincial requirements.

5.12.1 Archaeological Resources – Non-Federal Lands

5.12.1.1 Sources of Effects Site preparation activities such as vegetation clearing, grubbing, removal of topsoil and site grading at the proposed Project Area have the potential to result in disturbance or destruction of archaeological resources.

5.12.1.2 Potential Effects A Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment was completed in accordance with the Ontario Heritage Act within the Project Area. The assessment has indicated that no archaeological

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-49

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

resources were identified on the non-federal lands subjected to the Archaeological Assessment; archaeological potential has been removed from all areas subject to Stage 2 Property Assessment.

5.12.1.3 Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are proposed to ensure no significant residual adverse effects to archaeological resources as a result of Project construction:

• Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with sec. 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act.

• Any person discovering human remains must immediately notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries, Ministry of Government Services.

• Implementation of applicable measures identified in PCA protocols.

5.12.1.4 Residual Effects With implementation of the above mitigating measures, no adverse effects on archaeological resources are anticipated to occur.

5.12.2 Cultural Heritage Resources – Non-Federal Lands

5.12.2.1 Sources of Effects The cultural heritage evaluation of the proposed undertaking was conducted by AMICK (2017) to identify cultural heritage resources including built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes. The Cultural Heritage Assessment Report (Aminck, 2017) reported that existing structures on non-federal lands include only the distribution line towers along the southern extent of the Project Area. In the vicinity of the Project Area is the Quinte West Water Treatment Plant. The report further describes: south of the Project Area, adjacent to the south edge of the distribution corridor is a large landfill site that “towers above all of the landscape features in the area including trees and structures” and stating that the presence of this anthropogenic landscape feature is a significant detraction from any potential heritage vistas from within any part of the study area for the assessment. The study area for the evaluation was considered a cultural heritage resource given its historical associations to significant early industries and the economic development of the community at the mouth of the Trent River as well as the wider area, in addition to its contextual association with the Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site. The Heritage Impact Assessment was carried out to consider the potential effects to the study area and associated heritage resources.

5.12.2.2 Potential Effects The evaluation of the proposed Project was conducted in order to identify cultural heritage resources including built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes. The potential

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-50

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

effects to cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources are displacement and disruption. Displacement occurs when cultural heritage features are removed as part of the development of the proposed undertaking. Disruption, or indirect impact, occurs through the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not consistent with the setting or the character of the cultural heritage features. The assessment concluded that the proposed uses of the landside of the study area will not adversely impact any heritage resources as the only permanent feature remaining once construction has ceased is a single transmission line linking the powerhouse to the existing hydro corridor. This feature is far less obtrusive than the existing hydro corridor to which it will be connected and it is suggested that the casual observer would not even notice the addition. The proposed access routes are overlying existing roadways and even if the proposed improvements to these roads to allow for transportation of equipment and materiel remain after construction, there will be no discernable adverse impact and no real change to the landscape that would impact its existing heritage character. The laydown areas are simply storage locations for equipment and materiel that will be restored to their current condition as maintained lawn areas following construction.

5.12.2.3 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures are proposed, given the assessment did not identify the potential for adverse effects to cultural heritage resources or features. Any measures identified by PCA’s Cultural Resources Management will be implemented as directed.

5.12.2.4 Residual Effects In consideration of the above, the assessment concluded that there are no potential adverse effects to any cultural heritage resources or features. Archaeological Impact Assessment – Federal Lands

5.12.2.5 Federal Requirements Federally, PCA’s CRM Policy provides policy requirements for managing the wide range of cultural resources administered by PCA. The objective of PCA’s CRM Policy is to “ensure that cultural resources administered by Parks Canada are conserved and their heritage value is shared for the understanding, appreciation and enjoyment of present and future generations.” Accordingly, the Project will be developed and implemented in accordance with PCA’s CRM principles and policies.

A Statement of Work: Trenton Dam 1, Trent-Severn Waterway Archaeological Impact Assessment was provided to the Proponent on October 20, 2017. This Statement of Work will be undertaken in accordance with the prescribed requirements therein. Accordingly, archaeological features and/or objects encountered will be assessed as to their heritage value either individually or as an assemblage. The assessment of heritage value will be based on the Trent-Severn Waterway Statement of Commemorative Integrity and the values outlined in PCA’s CRM Policy including identification of archaeological and/or cultural resources present within the study area; the significance to be inferred from their presence;

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-51

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

their heritage value and locations. The assessment will also provide recommendations as to what, if any, additional investigations may be required (such as excavation, monitoring or additional recording) to preserve sufficient record of the archaeological resources, particularly those of heritage value. The final report for this archaeological work will be reviewed and approved by PCA prior to submission to MTCS. 5.13 Socio-Economic Environment

5.13.1 Contribution of the Project to the Local Economy

5.13.1.1 Sources of Effects Construction activities (access road construction, site preparation, clearing/grading, powerhouse and tailrace construction; etc.) are anticipated to have a positive effect on local area employment.

5.13.1.2 Potential Effects Due to the size of the Project, there will be no formal impact benefit agreement or incentive for local content procurement.

However, construction of the Project will require employment of both skilled and unskilled labour, originating locally and non-locally based on qualifications. Given that the experienced labour forces in the City of Quinte West are strong in manufacturing (12.6%) and construction industries (4.5%) it is anticipated that a portion of the qualified personnel will be supplied from the local area.

5.13.1.3 Mitigation Measures Although there will be no formal impact benefit agreement or incentive for local content procurement, the Proponent will implement the following measures:

• Engage with the local chamber of commerce and stage presentation of the Project and construction services required sessions.

• Identify and qualify local supplier when possible.

• Engage with First Nations partner(s) and identify services that could be supplied during construction.

• Consider First Nations / local component when evaluating proposals for the various construction lots.

5.13.1.4 Residual Effects Local communities with the potential to benefit most from the Project are the City of Quinte West, Hastings County and Northumberland County followed by the Province of Ontario. Direct benefits are expected to be in the form of employment and income, as well as material expenditures.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-52

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Direct economic benefits would also include the utilization of local and regional suppliers to provide services, equipment and materials for the Project such as trucking, cement, fill, fuel, and equipment rental.

Indirect benefits would consist of expenditures in the local community on basic goods and services, e.g., accommodation, fuel, restaurant services and other goods and services. 5.14 Use of Lands and Resources for Traditional Purposes by First Nations

5.14.1 Sources of Effects During engagement sessions, as described in Section 3.5 and 4.2.4, Indigenous communities have identified aquatic resources (Lake Whitefish, Walleye, Lake Sturgeon and American Eel) as those used for traditional purposes.

Potential effects to these aquatic resources during construction are discussed in Sections 5.5 and 5.7.2 and include impaired surface water quality due to fugitive dust deposition and/or erosion and sedimentation, accidental spills or leaks of potentially hazardous material, instream work (road construction, cofferdams construction and removal, training wall construction), dewatering behind cofferdams and blasting in or near water.

Construction of the proposed development also poses potential safety concerns, as the area is known to be used by First Nation community members for fishing.

5.14.2 Potential Effects In-water construction activities have the potential to directly affect aquatic biota (fish, benthic invertebrates) due to temporary loss/disturbance alteration of aquatic habitat, disturbance of individual fish in the affected area and/or by creating barriers to movement. During construction, fish will become stranded in the water behind cofferdams. These fish may subsequently end up being isolated in dewatered areas or suffer injury resulting from pump entrainment/impingement during the dewatering process.

Construction of the powerhouse, the training wall, blasting in or near water, temporary cofferdams and associated dewatering within the isolated area has the potential to result in serious harm to fish, including Lake Whitefish, Walleye, Lake Sturgeon and American Eel which have been identified as aquatic resources used for traditional purposes. Potential effects to the safety of First Nation community members utilizing the area for traditional purposes include injury from construction equipment or other construction activities.

5.14.3 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce the potential for adverse effects to aquatic resources as detailed in Section 5.5 and 5.7. These measures will serve to protect aquatic resources that are used for traditional purposes by First Nations.

Mitigation measures to address water quality and spills are discussed in Section 5.4.1.3.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-53

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The following mitigation measures are recommended to ensure the safety of First Nation community members in the vicinity of construction activities:

• Provision of a protected realignment of local trails around the construction work area. In addition, signage directing recreational users via the detour will be placed at strategic locations to ensure clear direction to users. The trail detour may require crossing of the construction access route at some point. Proper safety procedures will be developed to ensure that the crossing is safe. This could include use of flagmen to ensure that it is safe for construction vehicles to pass.

• Prevention of access to the construction site through the use of fences, gate(s), and security procedures Posting of signage to notify the public of construction in the area, including posting of signage along the bank of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the work area in order to alert users to potential safety concerns.

• Adherence by workers to prescribed public safety procedures

• Development of proper procedures for construction traffic, where required.

5.14.4 Residual Effects It is anticipated that implementation of appropriate mitigation measures will prevent or minimize impacts on aquatic habitat and biota due to water quality and spill issues.

Fish mortality during dewatering may still occur despite fish salvage efforts and mitigation measures.

Following the employment of mitigating measure, disturbance of aquatic biota during blasting in or near water is anticipated to result in minimal affects to aquatic biota and supporting habitat.

The isolation of pool, rapid/riffle and bank habitat will occur during construction. All three (3) habitat types are relatively abundant within the immediate area, accordingly, this temporary loss in habitat is not anticipated to affect the lifecycle needs of any aquatic biota to a degree that would be reflected in the local or Bay of Quinte/Lake Ontario migrant populations.

Tables 5-3, 5-5, 5-6 and 5-7 identify the Project components/potential effects to Lake Whitefish, Walleye, American Eel and Lake Sturgeon in relation to Subsection 35 (2) of the Fisheries Act. These include but are not limited to the potential to result in residual, adverse effects to the aquatic environment. In addition, the duration, whether fish mortality is possible as well as the area of habitat destructed, permanently altered or temporarily altered is presented.

Following the implementation of mitigation measures, a safety risk to members remains as a result of construction activities.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-54

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.15 Use and Enjoyment of Property

5.15.1 Tourism and Recreation

5.15.1.1 Sources of Effects During construction, access restrictions on land and in water will be required to ensure the safety of the public.

Construction activities may also affect surface water quality in the Trent River as construction activities could increase the rate and/or quantity of sediment transported to or within local watercourses as discussed in Section 5.4.1. In addition, fuels, lubricants and other hazardous materials will be used on the construction site and construction activities could potentially result in transport of these materials to the watercourse, with subsequent negative impacts on water quality.

5.15.1.2 Potential Effects Use and enjoyment of area in the vicinity of the Project may be reduced as public access to construction zone areas (on land and in water) will be restricted. This will include the prohibition of fishing on the Trent River within the construction area during the construction period.

Land based recreation (on the informal trail network) and navigation may also be affected. Currently, fishing is frequently conducted from the top of the old structures and the eastern bank of the Trent River. Access restrictions will prevent angling from these areas.

Decreased surface water quality may also limit the use and enjoyment of the area by users.

5.15.1.3 Mitigation Measures Erosion and Sediment Control measures and Spill Prevention and Control Measures will be implemented during construction. Any sediment accidentally released in the Trent River would be anticipated to be very dilute, given the high flows. Monitoring of turbidity during construction will provide assurances that this is the case, and if high levels of turbidity in excess of guideline criteria are observed, work will cease until problems can be mitigated.

Signage will be installed on the banks of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the facility to alert navigational users to the construction and operation of the facility.

An informal trail network (see Figure 4-30) is currently located on City of Quinte West and Norampac lands within the Project Area. The Proponent will discuss trail access and realignment during construction with the land owners. If authorized, realignment will ensure access remains possible.

5.15.1.4 Residual Effects Given the mitigation measures proposed within this DIA report, it is unlikely that any changes in surface water quality occurring as a result of the construction of this Project would exceed CCME guidelines or would have a significant impact on recreational water quality in the Trent

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-55

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

River. No impacts on recreational users of the Trent River downstream from the facility (e.g., rowers, canoers, kayakers, fisherman, swimmers, etc.) are anticipated to occur due to changes in surface water quality in Trent River during construction. However, in the event of a spill or accident at the site, the potential exists for some adverse water quality conditions downstream from the site (e.g., due to petroleum hydrocarbons release). Although it is anticipated that any release would be diluted a short distance downstream from the facility such that it would not be detectable, this potential remains. Therefore, as part of the construction spill contingency and response plan, the Proponent will have a protocol in place to alert PCA and the recreational users of the Trent River to potentially adverse effects. This could be via direct contact with recreational user groups, posting of signage at access points along the Trent River or media releases.

No change to water velocities and velocity vectors are anticipated to occur at entrance/exit of Lock 1. Construction areas will be restricted to navigation for safety reasons; however, the upstream safety concern is an existing concern arising from the presence of Dam 1. Current access to the Trenton River upstream of Lock 1 entrance is limited for power boats and sailboats due to shallow water (Navionic charts are showing a depth of 0.0 – 0.3 m). No significant residual effects on navigation are anticipated.

Access restriction is anticipated to limit use of area for walking and fishing during the construction period.

5.15.2 Traffic

5.15.2.1 Sources of Effects During the construction of the Project, access to the east bank will be via temporary access roads (north and south) from Chester Road. Access is discussed in Section 1.7 and temporary and permanent access roads are illustrated in Figure 1-9. The construction will require excavation and transport of approximately 46,000 m3 of aggregates. This represents approximately 4,600 return-trips. Excavation will be completed over a period of approximately 12 weeks (working days); therefore, traffic could represent 75 return-trips per day in addition to other construction traffic (workers and equipment transport).

5.15.2.2 Potential Effects Potential negative effects include increased local traffic and temporary disruption along routes used, resulting in delays to the local community traffic, and increased traffic on Glen Miller Road/Sidney Street. During the construction of the Project there may also be activities that require temporary disruption to traffic flow on Glen Miller Road/Sidney Street including the delivery of large equipment to site.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-56

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.15.2.3 Mitigation Measures To reduce the disruption and alleviate adverse effects, the following mitigation measures will be implemented, but not limited to:

• Engage and communicate work schedule and potential disruption of traffic.

• Transportation routes will be established to avoid tight turning areas and prevent delays. Low-volume, non-residential routes shall be considered where possible.

• Schedule delivery during non-peak traffic period when possible.

• A police escort or security company will guide/accompany any transport conveys as necessary.

• Flagmen will be used as required to ensure that traffic is controlled.

• Construction vehicles will be driven in a proper manner and drivers will respect all traffic laws, regulations, and company policies.

• Vehicle imprints or erosion gullies will be regraded.

5.15.2.4 Residual Effects Given the above mitigation, the residual effect of the Project will remain as potential traffic disruption/delay. This residual effect is determined to be minimal, as it is anticipated to be temporary, returning to baseline level upon activity completion. PCA will be notified of all public complaints in accordance with protocols to be documented in the Environmental Management Plan. 5.16 Accidents and Malfunctions The following section provides an assessment of the potential adverse effects on the environment resulting from accidents and malfunctions during construction. These can include cofferdam failure, flooding of the work area, spills and accidental fires. An Emergency Response Plan will be developed and included in the Environmental Management Plan. The assessment also includes a discussion on the probability and extent of the incident.

5.16.1 Cofferdam Failure Cofferdams will be among the primary structures that will retain water during construction. If any cofferdam were to fail, it would likely cause the work area to be flooded. Failure of the cofferdam would likely result in the downstream transport of fine impervious fill material from the cofferdam structure (if that type of structure is selected by the contractor), which could have a significant adverse effect on water quality, due to turbidity and TSS and on aquatic habitat due to sedimentation and infilling of the rocky channel bed with fine materials. In addition, flooding of the work area could potentially result in mobilization of fine sediments and other debris from the isolated area, as well as the potential for effects due to water coming into contact with potentially hazardous materials in the work area (e.g., fuels, oils, solvents, uncured concrete, etc.) and being transported downstream. This could also have an

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-57

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

adverse effect on surface water quality and aquatic biota and habitat. Job site inundation could also jeopardize the safety of the workforce.

Given the potentially significant adverse environmental effects that could occur in the event of a cofferdam failure, the integrity of the cofferdam structures is critical. Accordingly, they will be designed and regularly inspected by professional engineers to meet current Canadian Dam Association (CDA) Dam Safety Guidelines. Accordingly, cofferdams will be expected to have a very low probability of failure.

An emergency response plan is to be prepared and distributed to the labour force on site, instructing them on how to safely work around water, including what to do in the event of a dam or cofferdam failure.

5.16.2 Flooding of Work Area There is a risk of seepage through, over or beneath temporary construction cofferdams which could cause adverse environmental effects, similar in nature to those associated with cofferdam failure described in Section 5.16.1. To mitigate potential adverse effects, inspection of cofferdam integrity will be routinely completed during construction.

The upstream cofferdam will be designed based on dam Inflow Design Flood (IDF) 1:1000 return flood representing a crest of 80.45 m. The training wall and downstream cofferdam height will vary but will be designed based on the spring 1:5-year return period for Lake Ontario level (75.34 m) and spring 1:20 year return period for the Trent River flow (698 m3s).

Increased severe rain events can cause flooding within a cascade river system such as the Trent River. A hydrologic event (flash flood, extended period of rain, high flow during freshet) increasing water levels to the point of overtopping a cofferdam could occur. Such an event would be forecast well in advance, thereby allowing pre-removal of equipment and evacuation of all workers. A job safety plan is to be prepared and distributed to the labour force on site, instructing them on how to safely work around water, including what to do in the event of a flood. The Proponent will coordinate flood response procedures with PCA and OPG and discuss timing for large hydrologic events on the watershed to impact hydrology at Dam 1.

Overall, the potential adverse effects associated with flooding of the work area could be potentially significant, although such an event is considered to have a very low probability of occurring. It is worth noting that climate change may lead to more frequent severe weather events.

5.16.3 Spills Spills could occur during construction as a result of one or more of the following events:

• discharge of sediment to aquatic environment

• release of petroleum hydrocarbons and/or other hazardous substances

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-58

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• release of liquid concrete

• release of sewage.

Given the spill mitigation measures outlined throughout Section 5.4.1, the potential for a spill of any type of material is considered to be low. The effects could vary depending on the severity of the spill but would tend to be local in extent, minor in magnitude, short-term in duration and generally mitigable through the implementation of emergency spill response procedures.

The contractor is required to have a Spill Prevention and Response Plan, in line with the Environmental Management Plan. In the event of a spill, it is anticipated that the following procedures would be implemented as part of that plan:

• Advise the Proponent, PCA and MOECC Spill Action Centre (SAC)

• Control/contain the spill

• Clean up the spill immediately

• Document actions taken.

The plan will specify roles, responsibilities and appropriate procedures for chemical handling, spill response, reporting and cleanup, with reference to relevant legislative requirements. All site staff will be trained in proper implementation of the plan, including training on the identification of spills, the use of spill kits and the response to spills.

Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period to ensure that the contractor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the DIA, tender specifications and relevant permits and approvals and that mitigation measures are having the intended effects in preventing/minimizing the potential for spills and associated impacts (see Section 9).

5.16.4 Accidental Fires Accidental fires can be started by lightning, careless smoking, sparks from construction equipment, etc. The potential adverse effects associated with an accidental fire in the Project Area are considered to have a low to high potential, depending on the nature of the fire. The effects of small, controllable fires in the work area would tend to be local in extent, minor in magnitude, short-term in duration; however, there is the potential for an event that could result in effects that are large in magnitude, particularly if a large brush fire were to start in the vicinity of the proposed Project. The frequency of occurrence would be low given the requirements to monitor all activities that could result in a fire. The Emergency Response Plan will identify access route, proximity of fire station and/or fire hydrants. All fires shall be reported to PCA.

All mechanical equipment shall be equipped with spark arrestors and be kept free of any accumulation of flammable materials. The implementation of measures described above would greatly reduce the risk.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-59

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.17 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation during Project Construction Table 5-11 provides a summary of the potential effects from construction activities, the proposed mitigation measures and any residual effects after mitigation.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-60

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 5-10: Summary of Potential Effects and Mitigation During Construction Phase

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Air Quality Traffic along access road, Increased dust levels in work areas. • Contractors to follow Best Practices for the Reduction of Air Emissions from Construction and Demolition There is a negative residual effect. soil moving and Activities (Cheminfo Services Inc., 2005) Periodic, low magnitude increases stockpiling, erosion from • Use of dust suppression (i.e., water) on exposed areas including access roads, stockpiles and works/laydown in fugitive dust emissions during disturbed areas and other areas as necessary construction construction activities. • Hard surfacing (addition of coarse granular A material free of fine soil particles) of access roads or other high- traffic working areas • All construction site entrances from public roads shall be stabilized using temporary tracking pads or mud mats. Entrances with steep grades (>8%) shall be avoided. The location(s) and type(s) of vehicle tracking controls and mud mats shall be identified in the EMP and accepted by PCA. The design of stabilized site entrances, including vehicle tracking controls and mud mats, shall be determined by a Qualified Professional(s) • Street sweeping of paved public road shall be carried if excessive dust/debris is deposited on surface; • Stockpiles and other disturbed areas to be stabilized as necessary (e.g., tarped, mulched, graded, revegetated or watered to create a hard surface crust) to reduce/prevent erosion and escape of fugitive dust • Dust curtains to be used on loaded dump trucks, delivering materials from off-site but will not be used on heavy equipment at site • Speed limits will be put in place by the contractor to ensure slow vehicle speeds in working areas • Vehicular use on access roads will be visually monitored on a regular basis to ensure that dust generation is not occurring on access routes • Ensuring that stockpiles are protected from erosion due to the wind (e.g., covering with tarps, temporary vegetation, or watering to create a hard crust). Stockpiles will not be worked (e.g., loaded or moved) by excavation equipment (backhoes, etc.) during windy conditions • The site inspector will monitor stockpile working activities on a regular basis and if dust generation is occurring in a manner that could adversely affect human or natural receptors, stockpiling activities will stop until the problem can be remedied • Workers to utilize appropriate personal protective equipment (e.g., masks, safety goggles) as necessary. Construction is to be conducted in accordance with Ontario Regulation 213/91 - Construction Projects under the Occupation Health and Safety Act, which states that when dust is considered to be hazardous to workers, the dust must be controlled, or personal protective equipment be provided to the worker(s) Use of combustion Short-term increase in local • As a best management practice (BMP), vehicles are to be run only when necessary; There is a negative residual effect. equipment (vehicles and airborne contaminant • Exhaust equipment (e.g., pollution control devices) is to be inspected regularly. Short-term minor impairment in machinery). concentrations due to combustion • It is recommended that the contractor limit idling of construction equipment when not involved in a local air quality during the emissions. construction activity construction period Noise Temporary and Construction activities, Increased noise and vibrations • Construction will be undertaken in accordance with the City of Quinte West Noise Bylaw which requires Short-term increase in noise levels permanent noise impacts blasting and construction levels due to construction construction to be undertaken between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. (Monday to Saturday) to avoid disturbance of local during particular construction to nearby residents. vehicles/equipment will generated noise residents during sensitive night time periods. activities. generate noise and • All construction equipment will be expected to meet the requirements of MOECC publication NPC 115 vibration Construction Equipment. Riverbed Excavation of sediments Removal of contaminated sediment • The area constrained by the training wall and downstream cofferdam will be inspected for presence of There will be a positive residual Substrates from Trent River (from from the riverbed. sediments once dewatered. If sediments are present, they will be tested for contaminants during dewatering effect on local sediment quality due Upstream ZOI and and mitigation measures will applied if necessary to removal of contaminated fine Downstream ZOI) • Fencing and gates around construction zones should be employed to restrict access to the public sediments • The Health and Safety Plan for construction workers will identify appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure to sediment. Appropriate PPE should include gloves, boots, long sleeve shirts and long pants • The Health and Safety Plan will consider both provincial (Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act) and federal (Canada Labour Code) regulations and other departmental policies as appropriate • The Health and Safety Plan / Environmental Management Plan will detail the decontamination procedures for staff, equipment and tools including decontamination zone, containment and disposal of wash water, cleaning of PPE, etc. A Waste Management Plan (hazardous and non-hazardous waste) will be included as a component of the Environmental Management Plan.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-61

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect • The Environmental Management Plan will detail residue and waste management conforming to regulations for excess or residual sediment: o Ontario Regulation 347 - Waste Management o Soil management and stockpile sampling as described in CCME 2016 Guidance Manual for Environmental Site Characterization in Support of Environmental and Human Health Risk Assessment Volume 1 and Ontario Regulation 153/04 as amended • In addition, all water takings during dewatering will be directed to the settling pond, in accordance with a dewatering plan to be prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. • An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan and a Waste Management Plan will be implemented, once approved by PCA. These plans will address specifics concerns with presence of contaminants (i.e. rocks cleaning, dewatering, etc.) Hydrological Water Quality General construction Impacts to water quality could • An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be followed and accompanying drawing(s) will be developed by With effective mitigation, minimal Resources activities (including road potentially include increased the Proponent’s engineer or contractor to define specific mitigation methods. An adequate supply of erosion entry of sediments into Trent River construction, drilling and turbidity associated with the release control devices (e.g., geotextiles, revegetation materials) and sediment control devices (e.g., in-water is possible and may have a blasting in-or-near water, of terrestrial soils into the sediment barriers, sediment fences) are to be provided on site to control erosion and sediment transport and negative residual effect. Potential etc.) watercourse or mobilization and respond to unexpected events effects as a result of the removal of downstream transport of existing • High flow/velocity sediment barriers and anchors will be engineered and installed contaminated sediments from the watercourse sediments. Water • Divert road and work area runoff in a diffuse manner through vegetated areas or into properly designed and riverbed are addressed above and quality could also be potentially constructed sediment traps or a drainage collection system to ensure that exposed soils or road materials are include proposed mitigating impacted by construction debris not transported into watercourses. Runoff velocities in ditches or other drainage routes, or along slopes, are measures. and adverse effects due to to be kept low to minimize erosion potential. Runoff discharge locations should be protected with erosion weathering of exposed or resistant material, if required excavated bedrock. • Minimize the size of the cleared and disturbed areas at the construction site, particularly those adjacent to watercourses • Maximize the retention of the existing vegetation cover, including the forest floor groundcover, when trees are to be removed. Grubbing should only be conducted where absolutely required • Grade disturbed slopes or stockpiles to a stable angle as soon as possible after disturbance to eliminate potential slumping • Revegetate or stabilize exposed sites as soon as possible after they have been disturbed, using quick growing annual grasses or other native vegetation. Where revegetation is not possible other erosion protection methods, such as riprapping, bioengineering, or erosion matting are to be used • Construct a drainage collection system so runoff can be intercepted and treated or removed from the site through suitable control facilities (e.g., vegetation, temporary settling pond) • Excavated erodible material stockpiles are to be placed in suitable designated areas away from the river or other watercourses (i.e., outside the floodplain, away from drainage channels) and properly constructed sediment fences are to be installed around the stockpiles to limit the transport of sediment • Where possible, vegetated buffer strips are to be maintained between construction sites and watercourses • Cofferdams will be constructed to isolate the powerhouse work area and the downstream channel excavation work area to allow construction to proceed under a dewatered condition. • Cofferdam dewatering activities should drain water from the isolated areas to the temporary on-site settling pond (or similar treatment method) to meet MOECC discharge criteria and CCME guidelines for Total Particulate Matter prior to discharge back to Trent River. Direct pumping of water from the isolated area to the Trent River may be conducted without treatment if the water meets the discharge criteria. All dewatered areas will be continuously monitored during the dewatering phase and water quality testing will be undertaken prior to release. This process will be detailed within the Environmental Management Plan. • Work activities to cease if high levels (above CCME thresholds) of turbidity are observed until remedial action can be initiated • Only clean materials (e.g., free of fine loose sediment or other potentially contaminating materials, free of acid generating constituents) should be used for in-water (e.g., cofferdam construction, tailrace or diversion lining) or near water works (e.g., embankment riprapping) • Monitoring the tracking of mud onto local streets during construction. When mud accumulates on the streets, the contractor will be required to implement a system to prevent its transfer to local storm drains. This could potentially include wheel washing areas at the exit from the construction site or end-of-day street scraping/sweeping to remove accumulated materials from local streets

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-62

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect • In order to prevent construction waste such as metal debris, sawdust, concrete cuttings/debris and other fine waste materials from entering surface waters the contractor will be required to adequately contain all debris materials within the construction area and remove all debris as soon as possible Cofferdam & In-water Impairment to surface water quality • An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be implemented during construction Some minor, short term localized downstream road • Cofferdam design to be prepared by contractor to ensure that potential for mobilization of existing channel mobilization of sediment into water installation, use and bed sediments during installation is minimized and potential for erosion of cofferdam material is very low column anticipated with localized removal • Cofferdams are not to be constructed of aggregates alone, as per Environmental Standards and Guidelines increases in turbidity and TSS • Sediment curtain will be engineered to meet requirements under anticipated flow conditions and will be during cofferdam installation, use monitored for effectiveness in river downstream from cofferdam installation areas to trap mobilized sediment and removal • High flow/velocity sediment barriers and anchors will be engineered and installed • Loose silt and clay, till, loam, organic soil and vegetation shall not be used to line upstream faces of cofferdams • Unless otherwise noted in contract specifications, all cofferdam material is to be removed from the riverbed and reused elsewhere or properly disposed of upon decommissioning of the cofferdam. Cleaning grade before cofferdam removal. No cofferdam material should be discarded within the watercourse or on the riverbanks, unless approved by regulatory agencies • Once the cofferdam is completely removed, the sediment curtain will either be removed by slowly pulling it towards the powerhouse to avoid disruption to sediments or by pulling it towards bank. If required, water from behind the sediment curtain could be pump into the temporary settling pond or some other filtration method to remove fine sediments • Appropriate handling and/or treatment of cofferdam seepage water prior to release. All seepage will be directed to a settlement pond and appropriate treatment implemented as detailed within the Environmental Management Plan to be prepared for the Project. • The contract documents will reference and/or incorporate environmental protection standards for construction work in and along waterbodies, including: o Ontario Provincial Standard Specifications (OPSS) 805 – Construction Specification for Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control Measures o OPSS 182 – General Specification for Environmental Protection for Construction in Waterbodies and on Waterbody Banks o OPSS 517 – Construction Specification for Dewatering o OPSS 518 – Construction Specification for Control of Water from Dewatering Operations o Applicable PCA Environmental Standards and Guidelines (e.g. ESG-14-C: Treatment of Discharge Waters). Use/storage of hazardous Impairments to surface water • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during construction (See Spills) No negative residual effect with materials (e.g., fuel, quality due to spills or use of effective mitigation. lubricants). machinery in watercourses. Use of concrete and Adverse water quality impacts due • Limit or prevent, whenever feasible, alkaline cement products from being deposited directly or indirectly into No negative residual effects cement products to spills or leaching of concrete or adjacent to any watercourse. anticipated to occur with effective including increases in pH • Cement bags should be covered with waterproof sheeting and raised from the ground surface (e.g., on mitigation wooden pallets) to ensure no contact with surface water runoff. Empty cement bags are to be collected as soon as possible after use and spills of cement or concrete cleaned up as appropriate. Wastewater arising from cement/concrete work is to be collected and disposed of off-site, or properly treated before release to the environment. • Favor pre-cast concrete structure in the design of the training wall to limit amount of tremie pour. Anti-washout concrete will be used when there is a risk for concrete to enter the river. Tremie pour will be conducted behind a permeable-fabric turbidity curtain, allowing water with an elevated pH level to slowly bleed out into the surrounding waters. • Concrete materials that are cast-in-place will remain inside formed structures, isolated from the flow of any watercourses until they are fully cured (i.e., after a minimum of 48 hours if temperature is above 0°C or a minimum of 72 hours if air temperature is below 0°C). • A designated concrete truck rinsing facility may be established at the development site with all wastewater arising from truck rinsing to be contained, treated to meet pH requirements (if necessary) and discharged to the facility settling pond or other treatment method (as necessary). An ECA for industrial sewage will be obtained from MOECC if required.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-63

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect • The pH of the Trent River immediately downstream from the powerhouse worksites will be monitored through the duration of the construction period and compared with a background station. If pH values change more than 1 pH unit from background concentration, measures will be implemented to assess the source of alkalinity and prevent further releases from occurring. • Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period (with increased frequency during high-risk activities) to ensure that the contractor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the DIA, tender specifications and relevant permits and approvals and that the mitigation measures noted above are having the intended effects in preventing/minimizing the potential for adverse effects due to the use of concrete and associated alkaline products. A monitoring plan will be developed for inclusion in the Environmental Management Plan. Water management / Impaired downstream surface water • A settling pond with oil /water separator will be installed. Some minor increase in some pumping (dewatering) quality. • TSS/turbidity limits for release in the river will follow CCME guideline (<2 NTU above background for longer parameters in surface water at term exposure and <8 NTU for short term) settling pond discharge location, • Equipment will be inspected daily. but MOECC and CCM Equality • Reference to federal and provincial standard/permits. criteria will not be exceeded • Self-contained sewage facilities to be used on site with appropriate off-site disposal of waste. Approved MOECC licensed sewage haulers utilized to transfer waste off site. Mitigation measures undertaken to prevent spills during sewage hauling and transfer. • Spill response procedure to be in place and spill containment and clean up material to be on site at all times during construction. • Monitoring will be conducted to ensure equipments are functioning properly. • Clay presence was not noted in the geotechnical investigations report provided by PCA (Aecom, 2011) nor in the Canal Sediment Investigation Report conducted by BluMetric Environmental Inc. (BluMetric) on behalf of PCA. Should clay presence be noted in future investigations or upon dewatering, the Proponent would cause the system to be modified to address clay presence and removal. Surface Water Hydrology The construction of the The placement of in-water • Include a Water Management Plan in the Environmental Management Plan detailed design conditions and Changes to water levels and and Hydraulics training wall and the structures will modify depths, actions and mitigation measures if conditions are close to design conditions velocities in the Bypass Reach in erection of upstream and velocities and velocity vectors in the • Coordinate on a regular basis with PCA in order to review current and plan conditions on the watershed and the river. Negative residual effects d will have minimal impact ZOI. at Site; to water management in in the on the local hydrology and watershed are not anticipated. hydraulics. • An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be implemented for construction activities. Effects are localized but may result in limited riverbed substrate movement. Minor sedimentation of riverbed may occur if mitigation not completely effective in preventing substrates movement. Sedimentation would likely occur in deeper slower moving water downstream from the work area. Ground Water Excavations for Decrease in local groundwater • No mitigation measures required. Minor decrease in local powerhouse, intake and tables as groundwater pumped out groundwater table may occur tailrace channels of excavations during construction period. Use of potentially Groundwater contamination due to • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during construction (See Spills). The risk of groundwater contaminating materials accidental spills contamination caused by a spill on site (e.g., fuels, during the construction period is lubricants). limited provided mitigation measures are enforced. Water Intakes, Wells, General construction Risk of damages to existing • Identifying all structures above and underground on construction drawings and on site No residual effect with effective Sewers and Septic activities, including structures • Limiting blasting, or blasting vibration, near existing structures mitigation Systems blasting and excavation • Conducting pre- and post-blasting survey of structures to ensure blasting plan is appropriate Cofferdam installation and Risk of dewatering existing water • Installing two (2) temporary water intakes outside the dewatered area. The final design will be reviewed and No residual effect with effective dewatering intakes accepted by Quinte West and PCA and shall ensure fast flowing over the intakes at all time. mitigation

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-64

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Aquatic General Impaired surface water Potential impacts on aquatic biota • An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be implemented during construction (See Water Quality). Potential for minor, short-term Environment quality due to fugitive dust health or behavior due to surface effect on aquatic biota if mitigation deposition and/or erosion water quality impairment. not completely effective. No long- and sedimentation term residual effect anticipated Sedimentation of riverbed resulting • An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will be implemented for all construction activities. Minor sedimentation of riverbed if in harmful habitat alteration mitigation not completely effective in preventing erosion. Sedimentation would likely occur in deeper slower moving water downstream from the work area. Accidental spills or leaks Potential impacts on aquatic biota • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during construction (See Spills). No residual effect with effective of potentially hazardous health due to surface water quality mitigation materials (e.g., fuels, oils, impairment cement, explosives) Instream construction In-water construction activities have • In-water time restriction: MNRF’s Southern Region and DFO prohibit in-water work between April 1 and June Negative residual effects will activities. the potential to directly affect 30, to protect spring spawning species’ reproduction (i.e., spawning, egg incubation, and immediate post include disturbance of aquatic biota aquatic biota (fish, benthic hatch fry development) in the Trent River. This timing restriction will protect the reproductive periods of and destruction / alteration of fish invertebrates) due to temporary Walleye, Rainbow Trout, Lake Sturgeon, Channel Darter, River Redhorse, Smallmouth Bass, Northern Pike habitat. alteration of aquatic habitat, and Muskellunge as well as other sucker, redhorse, forage fish and large-bodied species within the Local disturbance of individual fish in the Study Area affected area and/or by creating • Additional timing restrictions prevent in-water work between October 15 and May 31, to protect the barriers to movement. reproductive period of fall spawners, in the Downstream ZOI, such as Lake Whitefish and Cisco/Lake Herring Construction of the powerhouse, in the Trent River the training wall, blasting in or near • The amount of in-water work during the construction period will be minimized by using cofferdams to isolate water, temporary cofferdams and work areas and allow work to proceed under dry conditions. The proposed construction phasing has been associated dewatering within the designed to comply with the timing restrictions noted above. The Proponent will consult PCA, DFO and MNRF isolated area has the potential to regarding any proposed change in construction schedule that could affect the timing of in-water works result serious harm to fish (as • Size of the working areas will be minimized to greatest extent possible defined in the Fisheries Act). • Duration of time in which cofferdams in place will be minimized to greatest extent possible • In-water work will not be undertaken during the spring and fall fisheries reproductive periods. • Cofferdam material will be completely removed from the watercourse following completion of construction Dewatering behind Fish will be stranded in the water • Contingency plan for fish removal to be prepared by contractor for review and approval by PCA, DFO and Limited fish mortality during cofferdams behind cofferdams and may suffer MNRF. dewatering may still occur despite mortality. • Dewater with shrouded/screened pump to water depth of 0.5 m, then remove remaining fish as per permit fish salvage efforts and mitigation requirements. Fish are then removed from the area by netting or electrofishing. Captured fish are to be measures. Benthic invertebrates transferred immediately to the water body closest to the construction zone (i.e., upstream if from upstream living within the area which will be cofferdam area, downstream if from the downstream cofferdam area). Invasive species, such as Round Goby, occupied and dewatered by the will not be returned to the river and will be properly disposed of. Consideration given to preventing freezing cofferdam will succumb to either and handling stress of fish if salvage required during winter. smothering (due to cofferdam • When possible, conduct a sweep of the area behind the turbidity curtain prior to placement of the cofferdam to construction) or desiccation (due to mitigate the effect to individuals. dewatering). • A SARA Permit and MNRF Fish Collector Permit shall be obtained prior to the start of the work. Blasting in/near water Fish mortality, habitat alteration • Perform work in line with Guidelines for the Use of Explosives in or Near Canadian Waters (DFO, 1998) Following the employment of during removal of rock • All explosives used will be confined explosive type mitigating measure, disturbance of plug / excavation of flaring • After loading a charge in a hole, the hole will be back-filled (stemmed) with angular gravel to the level of the aquatic biota during blasting in or substrate/water interface or the hole collapsed to confine the force of the explosion to the formation being near water is anticipated to result in fractured. The angular gravel is to have a particle size of approximately 1/12th the diameter of the borehole. minimal affects to aquatic biota and • All “shock-tubes" and detonation wires are to be recovered and removed after each blast in accordance with a supporting habitat. blasting plan to be provided within the Environmental Management Plan. • Blasting will occur outside any restricted fish timing windows to lessen the extent and number of fish potentially affects

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-65

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Lake Whitefish Impaired surface water In-water construction activities have • Mitigation measures described above (Aquatic Environment / General) will be applied Destruction of 488 m² of spawning and spills/leaks, instream the potential to directly affect habitat due to construction of construction activities, aquatic biota due to temporary training wall. dewatering behind alteration of aquatic habitat, Permanent alteration of 1,700 m² of cofferdams and blasting disturbance of individual fish in the spawning habitat due to in/near water. affected area and/or by creating construction of downstream barriers to movement. cofferdam and dewatering (1477 Construction of the powerhouse, m2) and in-water blasting and the training wall, blasting in or near excavation (223 m2). Cisco (Lake Herring) water, temporary cofferdams and Permanent alteration of 43 m² of associated dewatering within the spawning habitat due to in-water isolated area has the potential to blasting and excavation. Walleye result serious harm to fish (as Destruction of 1,560 m² of general defined in the Fisheries Act. habitat that includes 459 m² of Fish will be stranded in the water spawning habitat due to behind cofferdams and may suffer construction of the powerhouse, mortality. training wall and upstream cofferdam and de-watering. Permanent alteration of 5,583 m² of general habitat that includes 1,316 m² of spawning habitat due to construction of upstream cofferdam and dewatering; downstream cofferdam and de-watering and in- water blasting and excavation. Temporary alteration of 3,020 m² of general habitat due to construction of upstream cofferdam and dewatering. Wildlife General Wildlife The majority of potential Wildlife disturbance resulting from • Complete a pre-construction survey to ensure there is no wildlife within the Project Area Disturbance to wildlife due to noise effects to wildlife and increase noise and vibration, • Where feasible, avoid construction activities related to site preparation outside of sensitive seasons. and increased human presence human presence and collision with wildlife habitat are • Restrict construction activities to the work areas vehicle and machinery. associated with site • Implement speed limits to minimize the potential for incidental take of transient species preparation clearing and • grading, particularly in Install signage to advise construction crew/staff of wildlife presence • Any bird nests observed during construction should be left alone and a 30-m setback (when possible) applied areas associated with the Accidental injury and/or mortality proposed intake, tailrace where construction will not be permitted until after the eggs have hatched and species have left the nest channel, access roads, • Staff will be trained on measures to take when wildlife is observed on site and potential effects may occur and laydown areas. • Construction personnel will be trained on identifying potential effects to wildlife and wildlife habitat and implementing appropriate mitigation and reporting protocols. The training program and protocols will be included in the Environmental Management Plan • Install exclusionary fencing in advance of nesting period / construction to prevent amphibians and reptiles from entering the construction site. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type of fencing and design will be required. Where required, redirect amphibians and reptiles to areas where they can avoid the potential for incidental take and still have access to habitats • Complete pre-construction surveys in the spring and/or fall to verify that no hibernacula sites are within the Project footprint • Conduct daily reptile surveys within construction work areas prior to starting work to ensure there are no reptiles present within the construction zone. Where snakes are observed, attempt to move the snake outside of any potential harm. Qualified personnel should be properly trained on safe handling and removal procedures and circumstances of when it is appropriate to relocate. • If an unknown hibernaculum is discovered during construction, all construction activities should cease and MNRF contacted to discuss potential mitigation

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-66

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect • Maintain a 30-m setback (when possible) from potential reptile hibernacula (where habitat presence was not confirmed but may be present), if possible • Avoid storing heavy equipment and machinery along the southern boundary of the Project near the potential hibernacula. This area will be demarcated to limit construction activities to the Project Area. • Vegetation clearing is recommended in the winter months. Engagement with MNRF is recommended to discuss alternative measures should there be concerns with potential hibernacula in the area during construction activities.

Alteration of habitat including, soil • Implement surface protection measures to minimize soil compaction. Temporary loss of wildlife habitat compaction, changes in moisture • Boundaries will be demarcated to limit construction activities to the Project Area. regime, fugitive dust, spills and • Avoid storing heavy equipment and machinery along the bank and areas with loose gravel to minimize soil sedimentation compaction. • Implement a Dust Management Plan for the suppression of fugitive dust. • Implement a Spill Prevention and Response Plan. • Implement an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan. SAR American Eel Sources of effects include In-water construction activities have • Mitigation measures described above (Aquatic Environment / General) will be applied Destruction of 1,560 m² of impaired surface water the potential to directly affect general habitat due to quality due to fugitive dust aquatic biota due to temporary construction of the powerhouse, deposition and/or erosion alteration of aquatic habitat, training wall and upstream, and sedimentation, disturbance of individual fish in the upstream cofferdam construction accidental spills or leaks affected area and/or by creating and de-watering. of potentially hazardous barriers to movement. Permanent alteration of 5,583 m² material, in-stream work Construction of the powerhouse, of general habitat due to (road construction, the training wall, blasting in or near upstream and downstream cofferdams construction water, temporary cofferdams and cofferdam construction and and removal, training wall associated dewatering within the dewatering and in-water blasting construction), dewatering isolated area has the potential to and excavation behind cofferdams and result serious harm to fish (as blasting in or near water. defined in the Fisheries Act. Temporary alteration of 3,020 m² Fish will be stranded in the water of general habitat due to behind cofferdams and may suffer construction of upstream mortality. cofferdam and dewatering. Lake Sturgeon Destruction of 1,404 m² of general habitat that includes 459 m² of spawning habitat due to construction of the powerhouse and training wall. Permanent alteration of 4,291 m² of general habitat that includes 3,020 m² of spawning habitat due to construction of the downstream cofferdam and de-watering and in-water blasting and excavation. River Redhorse Destruction of 1,560 m² of general habitat due to construction of the powerhouse and training wall, as well as the upstream cofferdam construction and de-watering. Permanent alteration of 5,583 m² of general habitat that includes 470 m² of spawning habitat due to

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-67

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect construction of the upstream and downstream cofferdams and dewatering as well as in-water blasting and excavation. Temporary alteration of 3,020 m² of general habitat due to construction of the upstream cofferdam and de-watering. Blanding’s Turtle General construction Wildlife disturbance may result from • Boundaries of turtle habitat identified within the Project Area prior to construction (either during field Turtle disturbance and temporary Eastern Musk Turtle activities (including increases in noise and vibration investigations in 2016 and 2017 or observed on site prior to or during construction) will be demarcated to loss of habitat are expected to Northern Map Turtle vehicle traffic, pollution levels, human presence and avoid disturbance. occur during the construction and clearing) may have a collision with vehicle and Snapping Turtle • A 30-m setback from sensitive turtle habitats (when possible) is recommended. period. There is a risk of wildlife potential effect on turtles machinery. turtle mortality associated with • Install signage to advise construction crew/staff of turtle presence. and their habitat. construction activities. . • Where feasible, time construction site preparation activities outside of sensitive nesting periods. The upstream area is not anticipated to be subject to the in-water timing window given the results of the field investigations (species not confirmed to be present). Agency consultation is required in consideration of restrictions required for various species in determining appropriate timing of construction activities and any additional mitigation measures. • Implement equipment speed limits to minimize the potential for incidental harm of transient species. • Conduct daily turtle surveys during the active season (April through October) within the active construction zones and any transportation routes. • If a turtle is observed nesting on the Project, work activities should be stopped to allow the turtle to deposit her eggs and return to the wetland. Nests should be demarcated and a 30-m setback applied (when possible). It may also be appropriate to cover the nest with a raised grate to protect the nest/hatchlings. The grate would need to be removed once the hatchlings emerge, and therefore, require monitoring effort. Hatchlings may need to be relocated to the wetlands upstream of the Project. Engagement with MNRF is required to discuss these types of mitigation measures. • Qualified personnel should be properly trained on safe handling and removal procedures and circumstances of when it is appropriate to relocate turtles. • Train all on-site and construction staff on measures to take in the event they observe turtles within the Project. • Install exclusionary fencing in advance of nesting period/construction to prevent turtles from entering the construction site. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type of fencing and design will be required. Where required, redirect turtles to areas where they can avoid the potential for incidental take and still have access to habitats. Eastern Whip-poor-will General construction Wildlife disturbance may result from • Ensure tree clearing is completed between September 1 and March 31 to minimize potential effects to birds Disturbance and temporary loss activities (including increases in noise and vibration and their associated habitat. of habitat for Eastern Whip-poor- clearing) may have levels and human presence. Habitat • Restrict construction activities to the work areas through use of fencing or other barrier erected to demarcate will and Common Nighthawk are Common Nighthawk potential effect on bird may be impacted as a result of clearing area boundaries. expected to occur during the and bird habitat clearing. construction period. Little Brown Bat General construction Disturbance may result from • Ensure tree clearing is completed between September 1 and March 31 to minimize potential effects to birds Disturbance of and temporary activities (including increases in noise and vibration and their associated habitat. loss of habitat for SAR bats are Northern Myotis clearing) may have levels and human presence. Habitat • Restrict construction activities to the work areas through use of fencing or other barrier erected to demarcate expected to occur during the potential effect on bats may be impacted as a result of clearing area boundaries. construction period. Tri-Colored Bat and bats habitat clearing. Small-footed Bat Eastern Ribbonsnake General construction Disturbance may result from • Prior to construction, demarcate snake hibernacula encountered within the Project footprint to avoid Eastern Ribbonsnake and activities (including increases in noise and vibration disturbance. Eastern Milksnake disturbance terrestrial and bank levels, human presence, decreased • Install signage to advise on-site personnel of potential Eastern Ribbonsnake and Eastern Milksnake and temporary loss of habitat are activities) may have a foraging areas along bank as well presence. expected to occur during the

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-68

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Eastern Milksnake potential effect on Eastern as collision with equipment and • Implement speed limits to minimize the potential for incidental strikes. construction period. There is a Ribbonsnake, Eastern vehicles. • Proper training by qualified personnel on safe handling and removal procedures and relocation procedures. risk of snake mortality associated Milksnake and their with construction activities. • Install exclusionary fencing in advance of construction to prevent snakes from entering the construction site. habitat. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type

of fencing and design will be required. Daily monitoring of exclusion fencing will be undertaken. Vegetation Construction of the Alteration to community/damage • Where feasible, time construction activities related to site preparation for the winter months No residual effects anticipated following effective mitigation. Project will require to trees along the edge of • Where possible, vegetation within the Project Area will be maintained to the extent possible. This will grubbing and clearing of woodlands/treed areas may result minimize the extent of off-site effects related to changes in hydrology, contamination (e.g., fuel spills, trees, shrubs and in: sedimentation). Where vegetation removal is required, vegetation will be re-established following groundcover in the • Damage to adjacent construction. Trees will be mulched and material will be used to prevent erosion. Project Area trees/shrubs and groundcover • Felled trees will be directed to cleared areas to prevent damage to those remaining outside of work area; • Where feasible, maintain a 30-m setback from the rooting zone of edge trees. • Creation of new edge trees • Restrict construction activities by demarcating work areas within wooded areas; • • Disturbance to the rooting zone Cleared areas will be limited to the extent possible and construction areas will be clearly demarked to through soil compaction and prevent unnecessary expansion of construction laydown areas rutting. Conversion of natural vegetated • Implement a Spill Prevention and Response Plan Erosion and sediment due to areas to impervious surfaces (i.e., accidents or malfunctions. • Implement an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan access roads) may increase the volume and concentration of • A restoration plan will be implemented which will include re-vegetating disturbed areas with native species surface water runoff, flooding and that are characteristic of the surrounding environment. transportation of deleterious substances, as well as erosion and sedimentation Fugitive dust generation caused by • Implement a dust management plan for the suppression of fugitive dust. No residual effects anticipated vehicles. following effective mitigation. • Ensure dust curtains are used on loaded dump trucks, delivering and removing materials on and off site. • Stockpiles and other disturbed areas will be stabilized as necessary (e.g., tarped, mulched, graded, revegetated or watered to create a hard surface crust) to reduce/prevent erosion and escape of fugitive dust. • Visual monitoring of dust generation will occur during the construction period, and if dust is observed to be of concern, additional mitigation will be implemented. Invasive Species Introduction and/or spread of • Implement an invasive species management plan in accordance with PCA’s approved Best Management No residual effects anticipated invasive species. Practices which may include the following: following effective mitigation.  all equipment and machinery new-to-site must be inspected upon arrival, prior to being used.  Equipment and machinery as well as footwear and clothing coming into contact with the terrestrial or aquatic environment must be free of invasive species vegetation, seeds, propagules (i.e., any other material that may cause the spread of the species) and pathogens. In particular:  Equipment from outside the Project Area must be pressure washed/steam cleaned prior to arrival, with particular attention to tracks and digging components that will be in contact with the soil layers.  Ensure that footwear, clothing and equipment are free of invasive alien species (e.g., seeds, propagules) when travelling between invaded and uninvaded terrestrial and aquatic sites within the Project Area (if identified).  All soil, gravel, untreated lumber, erosion and sediment control products (e.g., mulch), or other materials from outside the Project Area must be from a certified weed-free source.  Any organic material (e.g., topsoil, borrow and fill material, gravel) taken from the construction site is free of invasive alien species before using in other areas within the Project Area.  Ground disturbance and vegetation removal will be minimized to the extent possible, as practical and within Project construction requirements. Natural Heritage Wetlands Construction of the • Potential Increase in the volume • Where possible, mitigation measures will follow the Federal Policy of Wetland Conservation. No residual effects anticipated Feature Project will require and concentration of surface following effective mitigation. grubbing and clearing of water runoff

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-69

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect trees, shrubs and • Changes in moisture regime • Where feasible, site preparation activities will be phased for the winter months to minimize the potential for groundcover in the Project • Sedimentation off-site sedimentation, hydrological effects and impacts to wildlife that may be utilizing the wetland and Area adjacent to identified • Contamination (e.g., fuel spills surrounding areas. wetlands during clearing activities) • Where possible, vegetation within the Project footprint will be maintained to the extent possible. This will • Increase in fugitive dust minimize the extent of off-site effects related to changes in hydrology, contamination (e.g., fuel spills, • Changes in community structure sedimentation). Where vegetation removal is required, vegetation will be re-established following • Changes in species construction. composition. • Potential effects to species composition and structure of the wetland will be minimized through maintaining existing drainage flows, volumes and pathway. This will also include maintaining permeable surfaces, where possible. • Construction activities will be restricted to the work areas. This will include demarcating the work area, if needed. • Heavy equipment, machinery and all storage materials will be stored are at least 30 m away from the Trent River, wetlands and any sensitive features (e.g., turtle nesting sites). • Implement an erosion and sediment control plan, as outlined in Section 4.2.3. • Implement mitigation measures to control fugitive dust, as outlined in Section 4.2.1.1. • Implement a dust management plan for the suppression of fugitive dust. • Visual monitoring of potential effects to the wetland will occur throughout the construction period. Significant Woodlands Construction activities • Woodland were evaluated as • Where feasible, woodland clearing will be phased for the winter months to minimize the potential for No residual adverse effects such as clearing and significant due to being located hydrological effects and impacts to wildlife that may be utilizing the woodland and surrounding areas. anticipated. upgrading of the access within a Source Water Protection • Where possible, vegetation within the Project Area will be maintained to the extent possible. In addition, the roads have the potential Area and/or linkage. creation of hard surfaces will be minimized to the extent possible to maintain recharge capacity. This will to cause adverse effects • Clearing of woodlands and minimize the aquifer recharge effects. to significant woodlands creation of hard surface • Where vegetation removal is required, vegetation will be re-established following construction. Construction located in the vicinity of infrastructure within a source activities will be restricted to the work areas. This will include demarcating the work area, if needed. the Project Area. water protection area may reduce the areas ability to recharge. Furthermore, general reduction of woodlands may result in changes to the ecological health and function of the woodland. Significant Wildlife Alteration of six (6) • Effects to bat maternity colonies • Ensure tree clearing is completed between November 1 and March 15 to minimize potential effects to bats Potential to reduce available bat Habitat confirmed or assumed may result from the clearing of and their associated habitat. maternity, turtle wintering, reptile significant wildlife habitat trees as well as increases in • Restrict construction activities to the work areas. hibernacula and turtle nesting types noise and vibration levels and • Ensure (to the extent possible) upstream in-water cofferdam and de-watering occurs between June 1 and habitat human presence. September 30. • Turtle wintering areas may be • Demarcate snake hibernacula encountered within the Project footprint to avoid disturbance at the south end affected through the construction of the site. of upstream components such • Install exclusionary fencing prior to May 1 to eliminate access to the Project Area in advance of construction as the intake or possibly through to prevent snakes, turtles and amphibians from entering the construction site. Exclusionary fencing should not relocating Quinte west water prohibit access to nearby habitats; careful consideration of placement, type of fencing and design will be intake. required along with regular inspection • Disturbance to turtle nesting • The mitigation measures provided above, along with those proposed in Sections 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8 are areas may result from clearing anticipated to adequately protect rare wildlife species. and grubbing within the Project Area, furthermore noise and vibration levels, human presence and collision with vehicle and machinery, may hinder nesting. • Disturbance to reptile hibernacula may result from excavation or clearing of

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-70

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect onshore portions. Furthermore, noise and vibration levels, human presence and collision with vehicle and machinery, may hinder individuals from reaching hibernacula. • Effects to rare wildlife species are addressed within the species at risk section (Section 5.7). Pollution Soils Soil stockpiling Erosion, mixing of soils • Implementation of an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan A minor deterioration in soil quality • Minimize the size of the cleared and disturbed areas at the construction site. Install limit of work devices to due to stockpiling may have an prevent the contractor from operating outside the defined construction area. impact on the success of site • Phase construction to minimize the time that soils are exposed. revegetation efforts • Grubbing should only be conducted where absolutely required. • An adequate supply of erosion control devices (e.g., geotextiles, revegetation materials) and sediment control devices (e.g., in-water sediment barriers, sediment fences) to be provided on site to control erosion and sedimentation and respond to unexpected events. • Divert runoff from the temporary and permanent access roads through vegetated areas or into properly designed and constructed sediment traps or a drainage collection system and temporary settling pond to ensure that exposed soils are not eroded. Runoff velocities in ditches or other drainage routes, or along slopes, to be kept low via proper installation of flow velocity control measures such as rock check dams, to minimize erosion potential. Runoff discharge locations to be protected with erosion resistant material, if required. • Grade disturbed slopes or stockpiles to a stable angle as soon as possible after disturbance to eliminate potential slumping. • Revegetate or stabilize exposed sites as soon as possible after they have been disturbed, using quick growing grasses or other native vegetation species. Where revegetation is not possible other erosion protection methods, such as riprapping, bioengineering, or erosion matting to be used. • Excavated erodible material stockpiles to be placed in suitable designated areas away from the river or other watercourses (i.e., outside the floodplain, away from drainage channels) and properly constructed sediment fences should be installed around the stockpiles to limit the transport of sediment; • If clay presence is noted during the geotechnical investigations, then the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will address this specifically as clay will require extra care to prevent sedimentation. • Monitoring the tracking of mud onto local streets during construction. If mud on streets occurs, the contractor will be required to implement a system to prevent transfer of this material to local storm drains • Topsoil and subsoil is to be stockpiled separately to avoid mixing. • The duration of stockpiling is to be minimized to the greatest extent possible through appropriate phasing of construction and measures to prevent erosion of stockpiles will be implemented such as surface/slope texturing and uses of a geomembrane for cover. • The height of topsoil stockpiles should be limited to the greatest extent possible, with height of <1 m preferred. Stockpiling to height >1 m may result in adverse effects on the health of the soils at the base of the stockpile (Harris and Birch, 1989; cited in Strohmayer, 1999). • Monitoring the tracking of mud onto local streets during construction. If mud on streets occurs, the contractor will be required to implement a system to prevent transfer of this material to local storm drains. This could potentially include wheel washing areas at the exit from the construction site or end-of-day street sweeping/scraping to remove accumulated materials from local streets Access road, laydown and Mixing of soils with gravel • Geotextile fabric to be placed over existing soil prior to deposition of gravel base so that when facilities are Some short-term disturbance of works area construction decommissioned, underlying soils will be free of gravel which could affect soil structure and/or texture and soils. No long-term residual effect other soil dependent processes (infiltration of surface water, vegetation growth) following effective mitigation Use of heavy equipment Reduction in riverbank stability and • Any bank areas disturbed during construction will be stabilized with temporary measures (geomembrane, Some short-term disturbance of on riverbanks and riparian potential increases in bank erosion mesh, riprap or anchors) until permanent measures are commissioned (e.g., riprap). bank soils in heavy equipment areas working areas. No long-term residual effect following effective mitigation

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-71

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Use of heavy equipment, Soil compaction • Restoration (e.g., discing or other soil loosening methods) to be undertaken as required. Minor amounts of compaction likely storage of construction to remain following mitigation materials, soil, sediment and bedrock stockpiling Spills Use of potentially Soil contamination due to • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during construction. Minor contamination of soils, water contaminating materials accidental spills • Establish designated refuelling and maintenance areas at least 30 m (as per ESG-13-C) from flowing and groundwater could potentially on site (e.g., fuels, watercourses (if possible) and away from drainage ditches, channels or other wet areas. The refuelling of occur. The extent of impact would lubricants). small equipment such as Airtrack Drillers, compressors, lighting will be undertaken on site (behind vary depending on scale, timing, cofferdams) with a small service truck equipped with a spill kit and location of incident should an • Only machinery/equipment that is clean and well maintained (e.g., no leaks) should operate in or near accident occur; however, the watercourses or drainage areas. No washing of equipment is to take place within or near watercourses. residual effect will be minimized by • Chemical handling procedures to be developed by the contractor so as to prevent/minimize the potential for the effective use of spill prevention spills due to improper handling. and control measures. • All employees responsible for chemical handling to be trained in proper handling and emergency spills response procedures. • Locate designated hazardous material storage areas at least 30 m away from watercourses (if possible), for all hazardous materials to be stored outside. Storage areas should be above ground and enclosed by an impervious secondary containment structure (e.g., berm or container) capable of holding the entire volume of the stored material, as well as some additional volume of rainwater. The area should be equipped with a drain so that it can be cleared of any spilled material or accumulated rainwater, which would be disposed of in a suitable manner. Secondary containment areas should be monitored throughout the construction period to ensure their integrity • Barriers to be erected around designated chemical storage areas to prevent damage due to accidents such as trucks backing into area • Provide adequate spill clean-up materials/equipment (e.g., absorbents) on site. The contractor will prepare a spill clean-up procedure/emergency contingency plan, prior to commencement of work at the site. The plan will be forwarded to relevant agencies prior to commencement of works on-site. • Provide adequate spill clean-up materials/equipment (e.g., absorbents) on site. The contractor must prepare a spill clean-up procedure/emergency contingency plan, prior to commencement of work at the site. All site staff should be trained in implementation of the procedure • All spills of potentially toxic materials to be treated as significant and cleaned up immediately, with contaminated soils removed from the site to a designated disposal area, if required. • Monitoring will be conducted throughout the construction period to ensure that the contractor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the DIA, tender specifications and relevant permits and approvals and that mitigation measures are having the intended effects in preventing/ minimizing the potential for spills and associated impacts (see Section 7) • Secondary containment areas should be monitored throughout the construction period to ensure their integrity • Any accidental spills likely to cause impacts to be immediately reported to the Ontario Spills Action Centre (1- 800-268-6060) Public Safety Local Users General Construction Injury from construction equipment • Provision of a protected realignment of local trails around the construction work area. In addition, signage Potential for injury from Activities or activities directing recreational users via the detour will be placed at strategic locations to ensure clear direction to construction equipment or activities users. The trail detour may require crossing of the construction access route at some point. Proper safety procedures will be developed to ensure that the crossing is safe for the public. This could include use of flagmen to ensure that it is safe for construction vehicles to pass. • Prevention of public access to the construction site through the use of fences, gate(s), and security procedures. • Posting of signage to notify the public of construction in the area, including posting of signage along the bank of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the work area in order to alert users to potential safety concerns. • Adherence by workers to prescribed procedures. • Development of proper procedures for construction traffic management.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-72

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Construction Site Safety General Construction Injury from construction equipment • Completion of safety training program by all workers Potential for injury from Activities or activities • Strict adherence to the Ministry of Labour occupational health and safety regulations pertaining to construction equipment or activities construction sites regarding worker safety • First aid equipment, as appropriate to the activity to be maintained on site • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for any hazardous material used on site to be available close to the location where the material is used and stored • An accident and emergency spill response plan • Spill containment and clean-up materials on site • Workers shall be trained to use material and trained to deal with emergency situations. Cultural Heritage Archaeological General Construction Uncovering of archaeological • Should previously unknown or unassessed deeply buried archaeological resources be uncovered during None following mitigation Resources Activities resources development, the proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with sec. 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. • Any person discovering human remains must immediately notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries, Ministry of Government Services. • Implementation of applicable measures identified in PCA Protocols. Cultural Heritage General Construction No potential adverse effects No mitigation measures are proposed, given the assessment did not identify the potential for adverse effects to No residual adverse effects are Resources Activities anticipated. cultural heritage resources or features. Any measures identified by PCA’s Cultural Resources Management will anticipated given the results of the be implemented as directed. evaluation and in consideration of the mitigation measures proposed. Socio-economic Contribution of the Construction activities Due to the size of the Project, there • Engage with the local chamber of commerce and stage presentation of the Project and construction services Positive direct and indirect environment Project to the Local (access road construction, will be no formal impact benefit required sessions; economic impact due to Economy site preparation, agreement or incentive for local • Identify and qualify local supplier when possible; employment and revenue inflow clearing/grading, content procurement. • Engage with First Nations partner(s) and identify services that could be supplied during construction; into local economy. powerhouse and tailrace However, construction of the • Consider First Nations / local component when evaluating proposals for the various construction lots. construction; etc.) are Project will require employment of anticipated to have a both skilled and unskilled labour, positive effect on local originating locally and non-locally area employment. based on qualifications Use of Lands and Indigenous communities In-water construction activities have • Mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce the potential for adverse effects to aquatic resources as Potential effects remain as Resources for have identified aquatic the potential to directly affect detailed in Section 5.5 and 5.7. These measures will serve to protect aquatic resources that are used for mitigation measure cannot Traditional resources (Lake aquatic biota through: traditional purposes by First Nations. completely eliminate the effects Purposes by First Whitefish, Walleye, Lake • Temporary loss/disturbance • Mitigation measures to address water quality and spills are discussed in Section 5.4.1.3. and include: Nations Sturgeon and American alteration of aquatic habitat, • Temporary loss/disturbance Eel) as those used for • Disturbance or mortality of alteration of aquatic habitat traditional purposes. individual fish in the affected • Disturbance or mortality of areas individual fish in the affected • creating barriers to movement areas • isolating fish within the • creating barriers to movement construction area • isolating fish within the construction area Construction of the Potential effects to the safety of • The following mitigation measures are recommended to ensure the safety of First Nation community Following the implementation of proposed development First Nation community members members in the vicinity of construction activities: mitigation measures, a safety risk poses potential safety utilizing the area for traditional • Provision of a protected realignment of local trails around the construction work area. In addition, signage to members remains as a result of concerns, as the area is purposes include injury from directing recreational users via the detour will be placed at strategic locations to ensure clear direction to construction activities. known to be used by First construction equipment or other users. The trail detour may require crossing of the construction access route at some point. Proper safety . Nation community construction activities. procedures will be developed to ensure that the crossing is safe. This could include use of flagmen to members along the Trent ensure that it is safe for construction vehicles to pass. River bank fishing. • Prevention of access to the construction site through the use of fences, gate(s), and security procedures Posting of signage to notify the public of construction in the area, including posting of signage along the bank of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the work area in order to alert users to potential safety concerns. • Adherence by workers to prescribed public safety procedures

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-73

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VECs Sub-VECS Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect • Development of proper procedures for construction traffic, where required. Use and enjoyment Tourism, Recreation and General Construction Access restriction would prevent • Erosion and Sediment Control Plan and Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during No impacts on recreational users of of property Navigation Activities walking, navigation and fishing from construction. Any sediment accidentally released in the Trent River would be anticipated to be very dilute, the Trent River downstream from being conducted in construction given the high flows. Monitoring of turbidity during construction will provide assurances that this is the case, the facility (e.g., rowers, canoers, areas. and if high levels of turbidity in excess of guideline criteria are observed, work will cease until problems can kayakers, fisherman, and Decreased in surface water quality be mitigated. swimmers) are anticipated to occur would limit enjoyment of the area by • Signage will be installed on the banks of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the facility to alert due to changes in surface water users. navigational users to the construction and operation of the facility. quality in Trent River during • An informal trail network is currently located on City of Quinte West and Norampac lands. The Proponent will construction. discuss trail access and realignment during construction with the land owners. If authorized, realignment No significant residual effects on could ensure access remains possible navigation are anticipated. Access restriction is anticipated to limit use of area for walking and fishing during the construction period Traffic General Construction Construction traffic disruption to • Engage and communicate work schedule and potential disruption of traffic Temporary disruption to local traffic Activities local traffic on routes used, causing • Transportation routes will be established to avoid tight turning areas and prevent delays. Low-volume, non- on routes used delays residential routes shall be considered where possible • schedule delivery during non-peak traffic period when possible • A police escort or security company will guide/accompany any transport conveys as necessary • Flagmen will be used as required to ensure that traffic is controlled • Construction vehicles will be driven in a proper manner and drivers will respect all traffic laws, regulations, and company policies; • Vehicle imprints or erosion gullies will be regraded.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-74

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.18 Significance of Residual Effects A determination of the significance of any residual effects after mitigation is required. The determination of significance is based on CEA Agency’s Determining Whether a Project is Likely to Cause Significant Environmental Effects (FEARO, 1994).

To meet the provincial and federal requirements, the following significance criteria were used to identify the significance of the residual effects:

• value or importance of the resource affected

• magnitude of the effect

• geographic extent or distribution of the effect

• duration or frequency of the effect

• reversibility of the effect

• ecological/social context of the effect

• likelihood of the occurrence of the effect.

Significance of effects criteria and levels are further defined in Table 5-12.

The results of the evaluation of significance of residual adverse effects during the construction phase are presented in Table 5-12. The majority of the residual adverse effects during construction are localized, short-term, of low magnitude and reversible in many cases. Based on the criteria used to assess significance, none of the residual effects are considered significant.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-75

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 5-11: Assessment of the Significance Residual Adverse Effects Post-Construction

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility Air Quality Periodic, low magnitude increases High – local air quality is Low – fugitive dust Moderate – fugitive Low – effect Reversible – adverse Low – air quality Moderate – low levels Not Significant in fugitive dust emissions during important to local emissions anticipated dust, should it would only occur effects due to fugitive resilient to of fugitive dust will construction residents and wildlife to be of low occur, could for short duration dust can be reversed temporary dust likely occur periodically magnitude following potentially be periods during once source of dust is emissions during construction mitigation transported beyond construction eliminated and fugitive the Project Area dust settles out Short-term minor impairment in High – local air quality is Low – vehicle Moderate – vehicle Low – effect Reversible – airborne Moderate – air High – some low Not Significant local air quality during the important to local emissions anticipated emissions could would only occur contaminants will quality moderately magnitude airborne construction period residents and wildlife to be of low potentially be for short duration eventually settle out resilient to effects emissions will occur Short-term minor impairment in magnitude following transported beyond periods during and restore air quality due to throughout the duration local air quality during the mitigation the Project Area construction conditions contaminants from of construction construction period vehicle emissions Noise Temporary and Short term increase in noise levels Moderate – relative to Moderate – Moderate – Low – effect will Reversible – Moderate – local High – construction Not Significant permanent noise during particular construction noise from Highway and temporary increase in construction occur during construction noise will area has some generated noise will impacts to nearby activities. local traffic and Trenton sound levels generated noise will construction cease after works tolerance to noise occur throughout the residents Lock 1 Dam be audible outside period completed due to presence of construction period the immediate the local roadways Project Area and existing Trenton Lock 1 Dam which are significant noise sources that may mask some construction noise Hydrological Water Quality With effective mitigation, a minimal Moderate – surface Low – erosion of High – impaired Low – potential Reversible – impaired Moderate – due to Moderate – some Not Significant Resources entry of sediments into Trent River water quality is important terrestrial soils surface water for erosion to surface water quality the high flow rates minor erosion and may result from general to aquatic biota and anticipated to be of quality due to occur during would be reversed and flushing of the associated increases in construction activities. recreational users of low magnitude increased turbidity construction once sediments settle river, there is likely turbidity and TSS are Trent River following could occur into the period out; however some resilience in likely to occur implementation of regional area irreversible impacts the Trent River and periodically throughout mitigation could result from downstream to the construction settlement elsewhere. minimal entry of suspended solids. Some minor, short term localized Moderate – surface Low – erosion of High – impaired Low – potential Reversible – impaired Moderate – due to Moderate – some Not Significant mobilization of sediment into water water quality is important earth fill material surface water for erosion to surface water quality the high flow rates minor erosion and column anticipated with localized to aquatic biota and anticipated to be of quality due to occur during would be reversed and flushing of the associated increases in increases in turbidity and TSS recreational users of low magnitude increased turbidity construction once sediments settle river, there is likely turbidity and TSS are during cofferdam installation, use Trent River following could occur into the period out or are sufficiently some resilience to likely to occur and removal implementation of regional area diluted increased periodically throughout mitigation suspended solids construction loading Some minor increase in some Moderate – surface Low – magnitude of High – impaired Low – effect Reversible – impaired Moderate – due to Low – potential for Not Significant parameters in surface water at water quality is important spills anticipated to surface water anticipated to be surface water quality the high flow rates accidental spills into settling pond discharge location, to aquatic biota and be low following quality due to spills evident only would be reversed and flushing of the surface water but MOECC quality criteria will not recreational users of effective mitigation could occur into the during once contaminants river, there is likely considered unlikely be exceeded Trent River regional area construction settle out or are some resilience to sufficiently diluted to increased have no effect contaminant loading

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-76

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility Surface Water Changes to water levels and High – flow rates are Low – Approximately Low – Low – Increased Irreversible – upon Low – existing river High – Increased water Not Significant Hydrology and velocities through Bypass Reach important to maintain 75% of the channel Approximately 25% water levels and completion of is resilient to levels and velocities Hydraulics in the river. aquatic biota, surface will retain the ability to of the channel will velocities within construction, the changes in flow due will be occurring during water quality and pass flow be impacted the Bypassed tailrace will remain to dam operation construction. navigation. Reach for a period of 19 months. Effects are localized but may High – fish populations in Low – potential High – Moderate– Low Irreversible - the Moderate – local High – fish have a high Not Significant result in limited riverbed substrate Trent River are important magnitude of sedimentation could probability / immediate effects on fish populations probability to be movement. Minor sedimentation of to local fisherman. Clean sedimentation occur outside frequency of a aquatic biota (e.g., likely to be able to disturbed during in- riverbed may occur if mitigation rocky habitat free of fine considered to be very Project Area since release may altered behavior to utilize other water works not completely effective in sediment in important for low to negligible settling out will not occur; however, avoid area) are not undisturbed preventing substrates movement. maintaining benthic following mitigation occur in fast flowing if sedimentation reversible, although habitats. No Sedimentation would likely occur invertebrate and fish waters of aquatic habitat effects will cease once disturbance will in deeper slower moving water populations were to occur, instream work occur during critical downstream from the work area. the effects could completed and no reproductive potentially last long-term effects periods into the anticipated operational period Groundwater Minor decrease in local Moderate – groundwater Moderate – Moderate – Low – alterations Reversible – once Low – Bedrock High – some alteration Not Significant groundwater table may occur levels affect discharge groundwater levels alterations in local in groundwater active pumping would resist in groundwater levels during construction period. areas and vegetation may be decreased groundwater level in level are ceases and changes in will occur due to tapping into aquifers. more than nominally vicinity of anticipated to be excavations are groundwater level excavation below the Actual importance in above existing excavations could short term in closed; groundwater groundwater table Project Area may be low conditions potentially affect duration levels can be restored groundwater levels occurring when adjacent to Project excavations are Area open and pumping is occurring The risk of groundwater Moderate – no domestic Low – following Low –with effective High – Irreversible – High – existing Low – with effective Not Significant contamination caused by a spill use of groundwater in effective mitigation, mitigation, groundwater contaminated groundwater likely mitigation, potential for during the construction period is Project Area. residual groundwater contamination groundwater has a has low resistance spills is low limited provided mitigation Groundwater quality is contamination due to contamination would could remain for low probability to be due to measures are enforced important in areas where spills anticipated to be limited to the the long term restored to existing contamination from groundwater is be of low magnitude Project Area without being conditions accidental spills discharged to surface restored to waters existing conditions Aquatic General Impaired surface water quality due Moderate – localized Low – magnitude of Moderate – adverse Low – potential Irreversible – the Moderate – local Low – potential for Not Significant Environment to fugitive dust deposition and/or surface water quality is surface water quality water quality adverse effects immediate effects on biota would have water quality erosion and sedimentation. important to local aquatic changes anticipated conditions could during aquatic biota (e.g., some resilience to impairment of sufficient Potential for minor, short-term biota to be low, therefore extend outside the construction health concerns, changes in water magnitude to adversely effect on aquatic biota if mitigation potential effects on Project Area, but period altered behavior to quality by affect aquatic biota not completely effective. biota anticipated to be would not likely be avoid area) are not voluntarily moving considered to be low low as well at concentrations reversible, although to alternative high enough to no long-term effects locations in the river adversely affect anticipated biota once it reaches the regional area

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-77

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility Minor sedimentation of riverbed if High – fish populations in Low – potential High – High – if Irreversible - the Moderate – local High – fish have a high Not Significant mitigation not completely effective Trent River are important magnitude of sedimentation could sedimentation of immediate effects on fish populations probability to be in preventing erosion. to local fisherman. Clean sedimentation occur outside aquatic habitat aquatic biota (e.g., likely to be able to disturbed during in- Sedimentation would likely occur rocky habitat free of fine considered to be very Project Area since were to occur, altered behavior to utilize other water works in deeper slower moving water sediment in important for low to negligible settling out will not the effects could avoid area) are not undisturbed downstream from the work area. maintaining benthic following mitigation occur in fast flowing potentially last reversible, although habitats. No invertebrate and fish waters into the effects will cease once disturbance will populations operational instream work occur during critical period completed and no reproductive long-term effects periods anticipated Disturbance of aquatic biota and High – fish populations in Low – disruption due Low – effect limited High – Irreversible - the Moderate – local High – fish have a high Significant destruction / alteration of fish Trent River are important to instream work and to project Permanent immediate effects on fish populations probability to be habitat. to local fisherman. habitat loss to be of construction area aquatic biota (e.g., likely to be able to disturbed during in- Aquatic habitat in the low magnitude altered behavior to utilize other water works Project Area is an relative to existing avoid area) are not undisturbed important to maintaining conditions as reversible, although habitats. No Trent River, Bay of reported in Section 4. effects will cease once disturbance will Quinte and Lake Ontario instream work occur during critical fish populations. completed and no reproductive long-term effects periods anticipated Limited fish mortality during High – fish populations in Moderate – mortality Low – effects will be Moderate – Irreversible - the Moderate – High – limited fish Not Significant dewatering may still occur despite Trent River are important anticipated to be limited to the effects limited to immediate effects on mortality anticipated mortality may occur; all fish salvage efforts and mitigation to local fisherman. limited. Benthic dewatered areas dewatering aquatic biota (e.g., to be limited; in the benthic invertebrates in measures. Benthic invertebrates Aquatic habitat in the mortality will occur period; however, fish mortality) are not long term, dewatered areas will living within the area which will be Project Area is an over a relatively large altered benthic reversible; benthic invertebrate succumb. occupied and dewatered by the important to maintaining area due to populations may populations are recolonization will cofferdam will succumb to either Trent River, Bay of dewatering but the take a while to anticipated to rebound provide some smothering (due to cofferdam Quinte and Lake Ontario majority of rebound to to existing levels over resiliency to long construction) or desiccation (due fish populations. Benthic undisturbed benthic existing time. term effects to dewatering). invertebrates form an habitat will remain in population levels important link in the food the river. chain and may provide an important source of forage for fish Following the employment of High – fish populations in Low – disruption due Low – effect limited Low – effects will Irreversible - the Moderate – local High – fish have a high Not Significant mitigating measure, disturbance of Trent River are important to blasting to be of to project occur periodically immediate effects on fish populations probability to be aquatic biota during blasting in or to local fisherman low magnitude construction area during the aquatic biota (e.g., likely to be able to disturbed during in- near water is anticipated to result relative to existing construction altered behavior to utilize other water works in minimal affects to aquatic biota conditions as period avoid area) are not undisturbed and supporting habitat. reported in Section 4 reversible, although habitats. No effects will cease once disturbance will instream work occur during critical completed and no reproductive long-term effects periods anticipated Lake Whitefish Destruction of 488 m² of spawning High - Spawning habitat Low – destruction Low – effects will be High – effects Irreversible - Habitat Moderate – High – Construction will Significant habitat due to construction of in the Project Area is an magnitude is limited to the Project are permanent lost to project footprint Remaining impact Lake Whitefish training wall. important to maintaining relatively low within Area spawning habitat habitat Trent River, Bay of the Local Study Area likely to support Quinte and Lake Ontario (<10% of available Lake Whitefish fish populations. spawning habitat

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-78

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility within the Local Study through Area). construction period Permanent alteration of 1,700 m² Low – alterated Irreversible - Habitat Significant of spawning habitat due to habitat loss altered by project construction of downstream magnitude is footprint cofferdam and dewatering and in- relatively low within water blasting and excavation. the Local Study Area (<8% of available spawning habitat) Cisco (Lake Permanent alteration of 43 m² of High - Spawning habitat Low – destruction Low – effects will be High – effects Reversible – Once Moderate – High – Construction will Not Significant Herring) spawning habitat due to in-water in the Project Area is an magnitude is limited to the Project are permanent flows are established Remaining impact Cisco habitat blasting and excavation in important to maintaining relatively low within Area habitat will be restored spawning habitat dissipation flare. Trent River, Bay of the Downstream ZOI within the majority of likely to support Quinte and Lake Ontario (<1% of available the disturbed areas. Cisco through fish populations. spawning habitat) construction period Walleye Destruction of 1,560 m² of general High -Habitat in the Low – destruction Low – effects will be High – effects Irreversible - Habitat Moderate – High – Construction will Significant habitat that includes 459 m² of Project Area is an magnitude is limited to the Project are permanent lost to project footprint Remaining impact Walleye habitat spawning habitat due to important to maintaining relatively low within Area spawning habitat construction of the powerhouse, Trent River, Bay of the Downstream ZOI. likely to support training wall and upstream Quinte and Lake Ontario (<2% of available Walleye through cofferdam and de-watering. fish populations. spawning habitat). construction period Permanent alteration of 5,583 m² Low – alterated Irreversible - for Significant of general habitat that includes habitat loss Spawning Habitat 1,316 m² of spawning habitat due magnitude is altered by project to construction of upstream relatively low within footprint. cofferdam and dewatering; the Downstream ZOI. Reversible - for downstream cofferdam and de- (<5% of available General Habitat watering and in-water blasting and spawning habitat.) excavation. Temporary alteration of 3,020 m² Low – temporary Moderate – Reversible – Once Not Significant of general habitat due to habitat loss effects will occur flows are established construction of upstream magnitude is throughout the habitat will be restored cofferdam and dewatering. relatively low within construction within the majority of the Local Study Area. period the disturbed areas. Wildlife General Disturbance to wildlife due to noise Moderate/High – most Moderate – the effect Moderate – the Low – Reversible – once Low – given the High – it is considered Not Significant and increased human presence wildlife species are will result in retreat of wildlife disturbance from construction activities heavy levels of likely that some common to the area, disturbance of local species is not construction are complete and disturbance in the species will retreat from although a few SAR wildlife, however anticipated to activities will be equipment removed, local area, wildlife construction activities were noted. All wildlife given existing levels spread more than restricted to disturbance will no communities will species are considered of disturbance around 500 m from the construction longer be present and likely return to the valued in the area. the Project Area there Project Area. period alone wildlife are expected area following likely exists some to return to the natural construction. tolerance to and rehabilitated disturbance and areas surrounding the significant retreats Project Area should not be observed Accidental injury and/or mortality Moderate/High – Low – mortality is Low – mortality will Low – mortality Irreversible – all Low – all wildlife Moderate – it is Not Significant depending on the expected to occur at be restricted to the as a result of wildlife fatalities are populations are considered likely that species, wildlife low levels Project Area construction treated as irreversible, tolerant of low some mortality will populations found in the activities will only even though local levels of mortality, occur as a result of Study Area range from occur during populations would be such as those construction activities. scarce to abundant, with construction expected to eventually associated with period

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-79

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility most considered to be of replace lost predation, disease, interest to stakeholders individuals etc. Temporary loss of wildlife habitat Low – loss of wildlife Low – due to the Low – clearing is Low – marginal Reversible – habitat Low – given the High – vegetation Not Significant habitat is considered low limited amount of limited to the Project habitat loss will restoration is possible heavy levels of clearing is required to due to the limited amount vegetation clearing Area occur during through re-vegetation. disturbance in the construct the project. of vegetation that will be required for the construction local area, wildlife cleared. Project, the extent of only. communities are wildlife habitat to be likely tolerant of affected is low. loss of some additional habitat SAR American Eel Destruction of 1,560 m² of High – Endangered Low – potential exists Low – effects will be High – effects Irreversible – Area will Moderate– High – American eel Significant general habitat due to Species provincially for individuals to be limited to the will be be lost permanently American Eel habitat will be disturbed construction of the powerhouse, impacted during Upstream and permanent populations has during in-water work. training wall and upstream, construction activities. Downstream ZOI. other suited habitat upstream cofferdam construction Temporary habitat within general area. and de-watering. loss magnitude is relatively low within High – Reversible – Once Not Significant Permanent alteration of 5,583 m² Local Study Area. of general habitat due to Permanent construction activities upstream and downstream cease American eel cofferdam construction and can use area and not dewatering and in-water blasting be harmed. and excavation Temporary alteration of 3,020 m² Moderate – Not Significant of general habitat due to effects will occur construction of upstream for a period of 19 cofferdam and dewatering. months Lake Sturgeon Destruction of 1,404 m² of High - Threatened Low – destruction Low – effects will be High – effects Irreversible - Habitat Moderate – High – Construction will Significant general habitat that includes 459 species provincially magnitude is limited to the Project are permanent lost from project Remaining impact Lake Surgeon m² of spawning habitat due to relatively low within Area footprint spawning habitat habitat construction of the powerhouse the Downstream ZOI. likely to support and training wall. (<3% of available Lake Sturgeon spawning habitat). through Permanent alteration of 4,291 m² Low – altered habitat Moderate – Irreversible - for construction period Significant of general habitat that includes loss magnitude is effects will occur Spawning Habitat 3,020 m² of spawning habitat due relatively low within throughout the altered by project to construction of the downstream the Downstream ZOI. construction footprint. cofferdam and de-watering and in- (<6% of available period Reversible - for water blasting and excavation. spawning habitat.) General Habitat River Redhorse Destruction of 1,560 m² of High – – Species of Low – destruction Low – effects will be High – effects Irreversible - Habitat Low – General High – Construction will Not Significant general habitat due to Special Concern magnitude is limited to the Project are permanent lost from project Habitat abundant in impact River Redhorse construction of the powerhouse federally and provincially relatively low within Area footprint Local Study Area habitat and training wall, as well as the the Local Study Area. upstream cofferdam construction and de-watering. Permanent alteration of 5,583 m² Low – altered habitat Moderate – Irreversible - for Moderate – Not Significant of general habitat that includes loss magnitude is effects will occur Spawning Habitat Remaining 470 m² of spawning habitat due relatively low within throughout the altered by project spawning habitat to construction of the upstream the Downstream ZOI. construction footprint. likely to support and downstream cofferdams and (<1% of available period Reversible - for River Redhorse de-watering as well as in-water spawning habitat.) General Habitat through blasting and excavation. construction period

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-80

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility Temporary alteration of 3,020 m² Low – temporary Reversible – Once Not Significant of general habitat due to general habitat loss flows are established construction of the upstream magnitude is habitat will be restored cofferdam and de-watering. relatively low within within the majority of the Downstream ZOI. the disturbed areas. (<5% of available spawning habitat.) Blanding’s, Turtle disturbance and temporary High – the turtles Moderate – Low – effect would Low – effect will Reversible – turtles Moderate – turtles High – disturbance is Not Significant Eastern Musk, loss of habitat are expected to documented within the temporary be limited to the occur throughout are expected to return are expected to be likely due to confirmed Northern Map and occur during the construction Project include both disturbance may Project Area. construction. to the area once tolerant to presence of turtles in Snapping Turtle period. provincially and federally occur, although construction is construction the area. designated SAR. disturbance in the complete. activities as the High – all SAR are area related to noise area is already considered valuable. and human presence disturbed. is already high. There is a risk of turtle mortality High– injury or Irreversible – mortality High – incidental Low – injury or Not Significant associated with construction mortality of a SAR is considered take of a SAR is mortality of wildlife is activities would exceed any irreversible. expected to affect considered low through acceptable level. the local population. implementation of mitigation measures. Eastern Whip- Disturbance and temporary loss of High –is Federally Moderate – Low – effect would Reversible – Reversible – Eastern Moderate –Eastern High – disturbance is Not Significant poor-will habitat for Eastern Whip-poor-will designated as temporary be limited to the Eastern Whip- Whip-poor-will is Whip-poor-will is likely due to confirmed are expected to occur during the threatened. disturbance may Project Area. poor-will is expected to return to expected to be presence of Eastern construction period. occur, although expected to the area once tolerant to Whip-poor-will in the disturbance in the return to the area construction is construction area. area related to noise once complete. activities as the and human presence construction is area is already is already high. complete. disturbed. Common Disturbance and temporary loss of High – Common Moderate – Low – effect would Low – effect will Reversible – Common Moderate – High – disturbance is Not Significant Nighthawk habitat for Common Nighthawk are Nighthawk is a federally temporary be limited to the occur throughout Nighthawk is expected Common likely due to confirmed expected to occur during the designated SAR. disturbance may Project Area. construction. to return to the area Nighthawk is presence of Common construction period. occur, although once construction is expected to be Nighthawk in the area. disturbance in the complete. tolerant to area related to noise construction and human presence activities as the is already high. area is already disturbed. Little Brown Bat Disturbance of and temporary loss High – the bats Low – temporary Moderate – noise Low – effect will Reversible – once Moderate – bats Moderate – disturbance Not Significant of habitat for SAR bats are documented within the disturbance may during construction occur throughout construction and site are expected to be is likely due to Northern Myotis expected to occur during the Project are assumed to occur within the will result in construction only rehabilitation is tolerant to confirmed bats within construction period. be provincially and Project. Foraging potential effects complete. temporary the Project Area. Tri-Colored Bat federally SAR habitat is abundant in beyond the Project. disturbance. Small-Footed Bat the regional area. Eastern Eastern Ribbonsnake and Eastern High – Eastern Low - Forested areas Low – effect would Low – effect will Reversible – Eastern Moderate – Eastern Low – disturbance and Not Significant Ribbonsnake Milksnake disturbance and Ribbonsnake is listed as bordering the Trent be limited to the occur throughout Ribbonsnake and Ribbonsnake and incidental take is temporary loss of habitat are Special Concern under River within the Project Area construction only Eastern Milksnake are Eastern Milksnake considered low through expected to occur during the ESA and Schedule 1 of Project Area may expected to return to are expected to be implementation of construction period. There is a risk SARA serve as suitable the area once tolerant to mitigation measures. Eastern of snake mortality associated with High – Eastern habitat for this construction construction Milksnake construction activities. Milksnake is listed as species. concludes and site activities as the Special Concern rehabilitation is area is already Schedule 1 of SARA complete. disturbed.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-81

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility Significant Wildlife Potential to reduce available bat High – Significant wildlife Low – disturbance Low – effect would Low – effect will Reversible – once Low – clearing will High – Significant Not Significant Habitat maternity, turtle wintering, reptile habitat directly affect may occur within the be limited to the occur throughout construction is not affect significant wildlife habitat will be hibernacula and turtle nesting species at risk Project. However Project. construction only complete, designation affected habitat relatively small percentage of area Pollutions Soils A minor deterioration in soil quality Moderate – health of Low – alterations in Low – effects will be High – Reversible – soil Moderate – Moderate – some Not Significant due to stockpiling may have an overburden soils to be soil health are limited to stockpiled deteriorated health could stockpiled soils minor deterioration in impact on the success of site reused on site will be anticipated to be soils health of reused potentially be restored from majority of soil health in stockpiles revegetation efforts important to revegetation minor due to soils could through remediation already disturbed will likely occur efforts during site stockpiling potentially efforts, if required work area likely rehabilitation continue into the have resilience to operational adverse effects due period until to stockpiling health is restored Some short-term disturbance of Moderate – soils are Low – erosion of Low – Many areas Low – site be Irreversible – Areas Low– Relatively High – short term Not Significant soils during access road, laydown, important to vegetation loose soils anticipated of the Project stabilized upon not required for small area of non- disturbance will occur. and works area construction and wildlife and can have to be low magnitude previously disturbed construction project components disturbed of soils an adverse effect on air are hard surfaces completion can be restored, within the Project and water quality if project component Area. erosion occurs areas not likely be restored Some short-term disturbance of Moderate – Bank / Low – erosion of Low – Majority of Low – site be Irreversible – Areas High – exposed High – bank will be Not Significant bank soils in heavy equipment Riparian soils are loose soils anticipated the bank exposed stabilized upon not required for soils in the Project disturbed working areas. important to vegetation to be low magnitude bedrock with construction project components Area during and stabilization and can shallow riparian completion can be restored, construction would have an adverse effect soils project component have a low on water quality if areas not likely be resilience to erosion occurs restored potential for erosion Minor amounts of compaction Moderate – terrestrial Low – magnitude of Low – compaction High – soil Reversible – soil Moderate – existing Low – Areas of Not Significant likely to remain following mitigation soils in the work area are compaction would be limited to compaction compaction would be disturbed soils in compaction will be important for anticipated to be low the disturbed area could potentially reversed with work area consist remediated as revegetation efforts following mitigation continue into the significant mitigation primarily of fill and necessary, but some during site rehabilitation operational efforts throughout the have been subject small areas of soil period before entire construction site to past disturbance compaction may persist natural soil and likely have processes some resistance to restore existing compaction conditions Spills Minor contamination of soils to Moderate – soil quality is Low – following Low –with effective High – soil Reversible – High – existing soils Low – with effective Not Significant potentially occur. Extent of impact important to vegetation effective mitigation, mitigation, soil contamination contaminated soils likely have low mitigation, potential for to vary depending on scale, timing, and wildlife that live on residual contamination would could remain for could potentially be resistance due to spills is low and location of incident should an and within the soils contamination due to be limited to the the long term remediated to restore contamination from accident occur; however, the spills anticipated to Project Area without being existing conditions accidental spills residual effect will be minimized by be of low magnitude restored to the effective use of spill existing containment and clean-up conditions procedures. Public Local Users Potential for injury from High – any injury Moderate – potential Low – risk is Low – potential Reversible – risk of Moderate – there is Low – given the Not Significant Safety construction equipment or experienced by the for injury is a restricted to the exists only during injury due to an existing risk for mitigation proposed the activities public is considered to moderate risk Project Area construction construction activities injury to users in effect has a low be of high period (long and equipment is the area given the probability of occurring value/importance. terms effects of removed following local trail’s facility on public construction proximity to a water completion body (Trent River)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-82

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-Vec Residual Adverse Effect Value/ Importance Magnitude of Effect Geographic Extent Duration/ Irreversibility Ecological/ Social Likelihood of Effect Significance Frequency Fragility safety assessed in Section 6) Construction Site Potential for injury from High – any injury Moderate – potential Low – risk is Low – potential Reversible – risk of Moderate – Low – given the Not Significant Safety construction equipment or experienced by the for injury represents restricted to the exists only during injury due to experienced mitigation proposed the activities workforce is considered an effect in Project Area construction construction activities workforce is effect has a low to be of high exceedance of period and equipment is assumed to have probability of occurring value/importance. baseline conditions removed following some resilience to construction construction site completion hazards Use of Traditional Potential effects remain as Identified species of importance (Lake Whitefish, Walleye and Lake Sturgeon) are evaluated as individual VEC’s above. Lands and Resources mitigation measure cannot Resources completely eliminate the effects for and include: Traditional • Temporary loss/disturbance Purposes by alteration of aquatic habitat, First Nations • Disturbance or mortality of individual fish in the affected areas • creating barriers to movement • isolating fish within the construction area Site Safety Following the implementation of High – any injury Moderate – potential Low – risk is Low – potential Reversible – risk of Moderate – there is Low – given the Not Significant mitigation measures, a safety risk experienced by the for injury is a restricted to the exists only during injury due to an existing risk for mitigation proposed the to members remains as a result of community members is moderate risk Project Area construction construction activities injury to users in effect has a low construction activities. considered to be of high period (long and equipment is the area given the probability of occurring value/importance. terms effects of removed following local trail’s facility on public construction proximity to a water safety assessed completion body (Trent River) in Section 6) Use and Tourism, Access restriction is anticipated to High – local trails and Moderate – access Low – restricted to Moderate – Irreversible – Trails Moderate – some High – disturbance is Not Significant Enjoyment Recreation and limit use of area for walking and access for fishing are will be restricted; the Project Area access will be may not be accessed tolerance is likely within the Project of Property Navigation fishing during the construction important to users. however alternative restricted for 24 after construction anticipated Area. period trails will be available. months. depending on safety concerns Traffic Temporary disruption to local Moderate – ease of local Moderate –delays to Moderate – routes Low – effect will Reversible – Normal Moderate – some High –some traffic Not Significant traffic on routes used traffic flow on routes local traffic used will extend occur during traffic flow will tolerance to congestion/delay will used is considered to be beyond the Project construction continue after temporary occur intermittently of moderate value to Area period construction interference to during the construction local users traffic flow from period construction vehicles is anticipated

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-83

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

5.19 Effect of the Environment on the Project during Construction Natural environmental conditions will vary over the course of the construction period and will have some impact on the Project activities. Some of the natural environmental factors to consider include:

• excessive precipitation and associated flooding of Trent River

• extremely cold winter weather

• extreme icing conditions

• extremely hot summer weather

• seismic events

• fires.

The potential for long-term impacts on the Project due to climate change is assessed in Section 6.8.2.

5.19.1 Precipitation and Flooding Flooding in the Trent River from heavy precipitation during construction could potentially result in overtopping of cofferdams and subsequent inundation of working areas, as discussed in Section 5.16. This would result in an increased risk of harm to personnel, damage to equipment/machinery and risk to the project infrastructure. Flooding of this nature may require temporary evacuation of working areas, with resulting delays in the Project schedule. To reduce the potential impacts of flooding, all cofferdam structures will be constructed to handle a flood event (The upstream cofferdam will be designed based on dam Inflow Design Flood (IDF) 1:1000 return flood representing a crest of 80.45 m. The training wall and downstream cofferdam height will vary but will be designed based on the spring 1:5- year return period for Lake Ontario level (75.34 m) and spring 1:20 year return period for the Trent River flow (698 m3s).

In addition, the contractor must have an emergency response plan to deal with floods greater than that should they occur during construction.

A health and safety plan is required and is to be distributed to the labour force on site. Among other safety issues, it will instruct them on how to safely work around water, including what to do in the event of a flood.

5.19.2 Extreme Winter Conditions It is planned that construction will continue through the winter period. The Project Area typically experiences relatively cold conditions (see Section 4.1.1). Mean minimum monthly temperatures reach their lowest levels in January (-14.2ºC), with -35.1ºC being recorded as the extreme minimum temperature. Extreme cold conditions could result in health and safety risks to the labour force (i.e., frostbite, hypothermia, etc.) and could cause equipment

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-84

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

malfunctions or breakdowns. Contractors and workers to be employed for this project will be predominantly from the regional area and, therefore, are accustomed to working under these conditions. The contractor will be required to provide and implement health and safety measures that will protect the workers from extreme weather conditions including providing recommendations for appropriate clothing.

5.19.3 Extreme Icing Conditions Ice storms, such as the one that occurred in eastern Ontario and Quebec in 1998, could affect on-site construction activities and workers. Impacts could include loss of power to the site, unsafe working conditions, damaged/inoperable equipment, structural failure (e.g., distribution lines) and ice damming which could lead to flooding/inundation of the work area. Ice storms of the severity of those experienced in 1998 are a relatively rare event, but storms of less severity may still have the potential to impact working conditions. The contractor will be required to develop and implement health and safety measures to be employed during icing conditions.

5.19.4 Extreme Summer Conditions Extremely hot summer conditions may also pose health and safety risks to the labour force (e.g., sunburns, sun stroke, heat exhaustion and dehydration). Drought or extremely low water levels would not have a negative impact on construction. To mitigate the effects of hot conditions on the workers, the contractor will be required to develop and implement health and safety measures that will protect the workers during these extreme summer conditions.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 5-85

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6. Effects and Mitigation during Facility Operation This section describes the anticipated environmental effects which may occur as a result of the operation of the Project. Mitigation measures to prevent/minimize adverse effects are described below and summarized in Table 6-15. Residual effects (those remaining after mitigation measures are implemented) are then identified and evaluated for significance. These residual effects are noted in Table 6-16. In addition, opportunities for offsetting of aquatic habitat are discussed within each relevant section. 6.1 Air Quality

6.1.1 Sources of Effects It is anticipated that a back-up diesel generator will be installed in the powerhouse or in the substation to provide emergency power in the event of a local power outage.

6.1.2 Potential Effects It is anticipated that the back-up diesel generator will result in minor, short-term adverse effects on local air quality due to emissions of the by-products of diesel fuel combustion, including fine particulate matter, SO2, NOx, CO2, volatile organic carbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons.

6.1.3 Mitigation Measures The specifications and design for this back-up diesel generator will be determined during the detailed design process and will need to meet MOECC’s requirements for air/noise emission registration. The generator would be tested regularly to ensure proper operation, but otherwise, would only be run on an as-required basis. The generator will be maintained as per the supplier’s recommendations to ensure that emissions remain compliant with specifications.

6.1.4 Residual Effects Minor air quality deterioration is possible when the back-up diesel generator is operating. There is a negative residual effect; however, it is anticipated to be not significant. 6.2 Noise

6.2.1 Sources of Effects Equipment located inside the powerhouse (turbine, generators, hydraulic power units, etc.) and outside the powerhouse (transformer, back-up diesel generator, etc.) will generate noise when in operation.

6.2.2 Potential Effects Potential effects will include increased noise and vibration levels in the Local Study Area and may temporarily affect neighbouring business and residents.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.2.3 Mitigation Measures The Proponent will ensure that acoustic insulation and/or noise reducing equipment are used wherever appropriate (insulated enclosure, silencer, etc.).

The Proponent will be required to ensure the Project is operated in compliance with provincial regulations relevant to community noise. It is anticipated that in accordance with O. Reg. 1- 17: Registrations Under Part II.2 of the Environmental Protection Act – Activities Requiring Assessment of Air Emissions, the Project is eligible to be registered under the Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR) program. Once the Project components are finalized (i.e. noise generating equipment), the Proponent will complete the Secondary Screening form, required to meet the Secondary Noise Screening Method and supporting documentation will be completed and retained.

6.2.4 Residual Effects The facility will comply with relevant legislation governing noise emissions and no negative residual effects are anticipated. 6.3 Hydrological Resources

6.3.1 Water Quality

6.3.1.1 Spills

6.3.1.1.1 Sources of Effects Fuels, lubricants and other hazardous materials will be used and stored on site during operation.

6.3.1.1.2 Potential Effects Spills of such materials within the Trent River or on the adjacent terrestrial lands could potentially result in water contamination.

6.3.1.1.3 Mitigation Measures A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be developed and implemented during operation (See Section 6.9.1.3).

6.3.1.1.4 Residual Effects With effective mitigation, negative residual effects on water quality due to spills are not anticipated.

6.3.1.2 Sediment Transport

6.3.1.2.1 Sources of Effects The operation of the Project will cause localized modification of water levels, water velocities and water velocity vectors. Areas subject to variations include areas nearby the intake channel, the training wall and the tailrace channel outlet.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.3.1.2.2 Potential Effects Sediment movement occurs when the flow velocity exceeds the velocity threshold for an individual sediment particle and the particle is mobilized into the flow either as suspended sediment in the water column, or as bedload transport where it moves along the channel bed in a downstream direction. If the flow velocity does not exceed the threshold for the particle, it will settle and be deposited on the channel bed. Different types of sediment particles have different velocity thresholds (Hjulstrom, 1935) as shown below:

• Boulders (+256mm) + 5.0 m/s

• Cobbles (64-256mm) 3.0 – 5.0 m/s

• Gravel (4-64mm) 0.75 – 1.0 m/s

• Sand 0.2 – 0.5 m/s

• Silt 0.1 m/s

• Clay 0.05 m/s.

In the Upstream ZOI, the comparison of velocities pre-construction and post-construction shows an increase in velocities on the eastern bank (Figure 4-5) due to the presence of the intake channel.

In the Downstream ZOI, the comparison of velocities pre-construction and post-construction (Figures 4-7 through to 4-27 shows a reduction of velocities in the Bypass Reach (-1.0 to - 2.5 m/s with flows at 200 m3/s) and a localized increase in velocities at the end of the tailrace channel (+1.0 m/s with flows at 200 m3/s).

6.3.1.2.3 Mitigation Measures The tailrace channel outlet has been designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation. All fine material within the dewatered area will be removed during construction, limiting the potential of resuspension and transport during operations.

Monitoring will be conducted to assess sediment transport in critical areas (upstream from the intake channel and alongside the training wall) during Years 1 and 2 (see Section 9). If significant sediment transport is occurring, remedial measures will be implemented as required. Remedial requirements would be determined in consultation with PCA and permits and approvals would be obtained prior to the work (as necessary).

6.3.1.2.4 Residual Effects Substrate composition would be expected to be unchanged in the Upstream ZOI except in the area immediately upstream of the intake, as this area will experience increases in velocity (+ 0.5 m/s with flows at 210 m³/s) when compared to the existing conditions (See Figure 4-6). Although other areas may see a slight change in velocity the changes would not be expected

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

to be outside the natural variation currently occurring under higher flow periods (i.e. spring freshet) therefore not expected to suspend or mobilize any material beyond what is currently occurring.

It is not anticipated that there will be any change in substrate composition within the Bypass Reach as a result of Project operations. However, substrates are expected to change near the tailrace channel outlet, where maximum velocities above will reach approximately 2.0 to 2.5 m/s during flows of 200 m³/s. The increase in localized velocities is expected to change substrates from the existing sands and gravels to bedrock, boulder and cobble, dependent on construction and material placement. Within the Project Area, engineering will occur to ensure any material placed will remain in the long term with onsite monitoring to ensure stability. Scouring is not anticipated to continue once sediment transport and any substrate movement has stabilized.

6.3.1.3 Bank Erosion

6.3.1.3.1 Sources of Effects Upstream water level will be maintained constant at 80.05 m during operation. Levels, velocities and velocity vectors will be impacted in the Upstream ZOI and Downstream ZOI.

6.3.1.3.2 Potential Effects As proposed, the Project will be operated to maintain the target operating level (TOL) immediately upstream from the facility year-round. It is predicted that bank stability in the upstream reach will be improved in the long-term due to stabilization of water levels (i.e., decreased water level fluctuation). Under the existing condition, bank erosion was observed in some locations in the Upstream ZOI. It is likely that the existing water level and velocity variations that occur in the Trent River contribute to this erosion. Daily variation of the water level in the Upstream ZOI is also expected to decrease as the generation station has the capacity to react quickly to changes in river flow. As presented in Figure 4-5, velocities will increase on the bank near the intake channel.

As presented in Figures 4-7 through to 4-27, velocities will increase at the end of the tailrace channel outlet as the grade slopes up to natural riverbed elevation. This increase in velocity is localized and could cause erosion immediately downstream of the tailrace channel outlet.

6.3.1.3.3 Mitigation Measures As noted in Section 5, the site will be rehabilitated following construction to ensure that all areas disturbed during the construction process in the immediate vicinity of the facility are protected from erosion. Protection will be by adequate revegetation (preferred) and/or structural means (e.g., riprap), with sediment fences or erosion control mats remaining in place for as long as required.

Disturbed slopes will be graded to a stable angle as soon as possible after disturbance to eliminate potential slumping.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Exposed areas will be revegetated or stabilized as soon as possible after they have been disturbed using quick growing annual grasses or other native vegetation. Where revegetation is not possible other erosion protection methods, such as riprapping, bioengineering, or erosion matting are to be used.

Monitoring will be conducted to assess bank stability and erosion in the headpond, alongside the intake and tailrace channel and downstream from the tailrace for a period of 10 years (as per direction from the Director of Water Power or any other timeframe as required by permit(s), see Section 9). If significant erosion is occurring, remedial measures will be implemented as required. Remediation could potentially include structural works such as bioengineering, which would be a preferred method of remediation, or installation of riprap or other bank hardening measures to arrest ongoing erosion. Remedial requirements would be determined in consultation with PCA and permits and approvals would be obtained prior to the work (as necessary).

6.3.1.3.4 Residual Effects With effective mitigation, no negative residual effects on surface water quality, aquatic biota and habitat are anticipated to occur due to bank erosion.

6.3.2 Surface Water Hydrology and Hydraulics

6.3.2.1 Sources of Effects The generating station will be operated as a run-of-river project (no ponding). Proposed operations assume:

• Historical flows (as presented in Table 6-1) are indicative of future flows

• A station maximum discharge capacity of 200 m³/s

• A station minimum discharge capacity of 10 m³/s

• A minimum ecological flow of 10 m³/s

• Upstream water levels maintained at 80.05 m throughout the year.

Table 6-1 below displays descriptive statistics for the existing Trent River flows as well as predicted flows at the powerhouse and in the Bypass Reach. Figure 6-1 shows flow-duration curves describing flows in the Bypass Reach before and after construction. The statistics are based on the daily flow records collected between 1976 and 2016. When total river flows are below 20 m³/s, all the flow will be passed through the Bypass Reach as there would not be adequate flows to meet the minimum ecological flow requirement and the station minimum discharge capacity.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 6-1: Mean, Maximum and Minimum Monthly Flows for Trent River

Historical Trent Operational Bypass Station/Generation River Flows Flows Flows (m³/s)* (m³/s)** (m³/s) Month Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min

January 187 355 68 35 155 10 152 200 58

February 157 284 70 24 110 10 133 200 60

March 197 398 64 49 198 10 147 200 54

April 330 559 72 152 359 10 179 200 62

May 184 395 32 52 201 10 132 200 26

June 95 210 19 13 42 10 84 173 12

July 50 161 18 12 43 10 41 119 12

August 44 116 19 11 16 10 37 106 12

September 60 178 21 12 39 10 51 151 15

October 93 297 31 13 104 10 81 193 21

November 141 346 38 25 146 10 117 200 30

December 175 371 52 31 171 10 144 200 42 * Historical Flows derived from 1976 – 2016 data set. ** Operational Bypass Average includes historical flows exceeding powerhouse capacity of 200 m³/s as well as flows below the operational threshold of 10 m³/s

6.3.2.2 Potential Effects Operation of the Project will result in changes to water levels, velocities and velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI and Downstream ZOI.

6.3.2.3 Upstream ZOI The powerhouse will be operated as a run-of-river facility. Inflow will equal outflows to maintain levels. There will be no impact to flow management on the river.

It is proposed to maintain the current navigation levels (79.95 – 80.10 m) year-round. There will be no change from the current level during navigation season. Outside of navigation season, the level currently varies between 79.00 and 80.10 m. An average increase of 50 cm would be seen during non-navigation seasons. Raising the water levels will not impact PCA’s water management capacity. Discharge capacity of the dam (existing or new) would actually increase with higher water levels.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Pre-construction water depth, water velocities and water velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI (at a flow of 210 m3/s) were compared to post-construction conditions with a flow of 10 m3/s over Trenton Lock 1 Dam and 200 m3/s discharged by the generating station (Figure 4-4 through to 4-6). Only one case was model for the upstream reach (10 m3/s discharged over Dam 1 and 200 m3/s discharged through the powerhouse). This is believed to present the maximum variation between existing and post-construction conditions and was used to evaluate effects to navigation and other VECs. A change in velocity and velocity vectors will occur near the intake channel, will not impact PCA’s water management capacity.

6.3.2.3.1 Downstream ZOI The powerhouse will be operated as a run-of-river facility. Inflow will equal outflows to maintain levels. There will be no impact to flow management on the river. However, a portion of the flow will be discharged by the powerhouse and the other portion will be discharged by Dam 1.

Downstream reach simulations have been run for several flow scenarios to compare existing and post construction water depth, water velocities and water velocity vectors in the Downstream ZOI. Flows of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, and 400 m³/s were used in the simulations (mean Trent River flow is 142 m3/s and median Trent River flow is 100 m3/s). For the operational scenarios, flow was apportioned to provide the minimum 10 m3/s through the Bypass Reach (discharged over a section of 55-m) with the remainder (up to the plant capacity of 200 m3/s) being passed through the generating station. There will be no generation in cases where the total river flow is 20 m3/s or less, as such flows will be insufficient to support generation and the minimum Bypass Reach flow to occur simultaneously. Figures 4-7 through to 4-27 depict the results of the model simulations.

6.3.2.4 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures are required as no negative residual effects are anticipated on water management within the watershed.

6.3.2.5 Residual Effects The proposed operation of the Project should result in long term reduction in seasonal level fluctuation. Daily variations in levels are also anticipated to be reduced as the generating station has the capacity to react quickly to changes in river flows. The proposed operation of the Project is not anticipated to have effects on water management within the watershed. No negative residual effects are anticipated.

Residual effects to specific VECs are discussed in each VECs’ section.

6.3.3 Water Intakes, Wells, Sewers and Septic Systems

6.3.3.1 Sources of Effects The generating station will be operating in close vicinity of the Quinte West Water Treatment Plant.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.3.3.2 Potential Effects Most potential effects to water intakes, sewers and septic systems may arise from construction of the Project and are detailed in Section 5.4.4. Adverse effects on drinking water quality may occur due to the operation of the proposed facility.

6.3.3.3 Mitigation Measures Implement Spill Prevention and Response Plan described in Section 6.9.1.3.

It is anticipated that the operation of the Project will have a positive effect on the Quinte West Water Treatment Plant. The two (2) water intakes will be embedded in the intake channel at a deeper setting ensuring adequate submergence at all times. Additionally, the water intake position (vertical face, parallel to the flow) will prevent accumulation of sediment over the water intakes.

Additional mitigation measures are not required as effects to the Quinte West Water Treatment Plant are considered positive.

6.3.3.4 Residual Effects No residual adverse effects on drinking water quality will occur due to the operation of the proposed facility. No residual adverse effects on surface water quality are anticipated to occur, given design review by the City of Quinte West and the implementation of effective mitigation identified in this DIA.

The potential for an accidental release of potential pollutants due to spills and accidents during operation is negligible, given extensive mitigation measures will be in place to prevent and respond to spills and accidents. Accordingly, there is no potential for adverse water quality conditions. 6.4 Aquatic Environment

6.4.1 General

6.4.1.1 Fish Entrainment and Mortality

6.4.1.1.1 Sources of Effects Entrainment occurs when fish are drawn into the intake flow and proceed to pass through the turbines or other components of the facility. Impingement occurs when fish are "pinned" against intake trashracks by the pressure exerted by the inflowing water.

The primary determinant of the probability of entrainment or impingement is the water velocity at the intake. Winchell et al (2000) noted that trashrack spacing has little effect on the size distribution of entrained fish. The potential for fish entrainment and impingement at the intake of a hydroelectric facility exists and is well studied with regards to hydroelectricity projects (New York Power Authority, 2005). Entrainment or impingement can occur for a variety of reasons including the swimming ability of the species, the individual fish’s stage of development (i.e. larval, juvenile or adult) or state of health as well as the intake velocities of

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

a facility. When assessing the probability of fish becoming entrained or impinged at a proposed hydroelectric facility, however, the primary determinant is a combination of intake flow velocities and fish species swimming capabilities.

6.4.1.1.2 Potential Effects During operation of the Project, water velocities in the intake channel and intake will be relatively low (i.e., maximum of 1.07 m/s when discharging 200 m3/s). This benefits fish, as they then have the ability to swim against the intake flow to avoid being impinged on the trashracks or entrained into the powerhouse. Trashracks (proposed spacing of 120 mm for the Project), being primarily designed to protect the operating components from large in-water debris, do not prevent fish entrainment, but do provide a visual cue to fish that they are entering the intake.

The intake velocity noted above (~1.0 m/s) is considered suitable to allow adults of the primary species within the upstream reach (Walleye, Northern Pike, and White Sucker) to escape. Northern Pike possess prolonged swimming speeds of 1.5 m/s (Bainbridge 1959); Walleye have been shown to produce burst speeds of 1.6 to 2.6 m/s (Peake et al, 2000); while White Sucker can attain speeds greater than Walleye (Haro et al, 2004). Healthy large- bodied and large forage fish would be able to avoid impingement or entrainment, and would be able to swim against the current to leave the channel. Species potentially utilizing the upstream area as shown in Table 4-5 are Brook Stickleback, Brown Bullhead, Central Mudminnow, Largemouth Bass, Logperch, Northern Pike, River Redhorse, Rock Bass, Smallmouth Bass, Spottail Shiner, Walleye and White Sucker.

Table 6-2 shows swimming speeds of forage fish in relation to their total length. It is anticipated that some entrainment of small or medium sized forage fish will occur. Table 6-2: MNRF Forage Fish Swimming Speeds

Fish Type and Size Sustained Speed1,2 Prolonged Speed3 Burst Speed4 (mm) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) Small forage fish, 50-65 0 – 0.22 0.22 – 0.29 0.29 – 0.40 Medium forage fish, 90-110 0 -0.31 0.31 – 0.68 0.68 – 0.76 Large forage fish, 180-230 0 – 0.42 0.42 – 0.95 0.95 – 1.11

1. Speeds are taken from the MTO/DFO/MNRF Fish guide (2006), which was adapted from Katopodis and Gervais (1991). 2. Sustained speed can be maintained indefinitely. 3. Prolonged speed can be maintained for up to 200 minutes. 4. Burst speed can be maintained for up to 15 seconds.

It is also anticipated that some small fish and larger fish that are in a weakened state may not be able to avoid impingement or entrainment. In the case of impingement of weakened large fish, it is not expected that these would be able to survive if the trashrack spacing of 120 mm prevents passage. Fish that are able to pass between the trashracks will be entrained into the powerhouse and will be passed through the turbines and exit the tailrace channel. Depending

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

on their size, potential causes of mortality while being passed through the powerhouse have been documented in various reports and studies (NYPA. 2005. Becker at al, 2003. Therrian and Lemieux 2000, Cada 2001, Popper and Carlson 1998) these include:

• Contact with the turbine parts resulting in injury due to strike (collision with turbine components or objects in flow), abrasion (rubbing against turbine components of objects in flow) or grinding (when a fish is drawn into an area with small clearance between turbine parts).

• Sudden acceleration or deceleration resulting in turbulence and shear forces that could literally tear fish to pieces.

• Variation in pressure, either positive or negative, of up to three times reference pressure, potentially causing rupture of the swim bladder. The usual pattern of pressure changes during passage includes an increase during entrainment, rapid decrease during passage into the turbine, and an increase during discharge.

• Cavitation caused by collapse or implosion of gas bubbles, which could result in various injuries to fish.

• Turbulence (irregular motions of water) in the power flow, turbine flow or discharge area may result in localized injuries or disorientation.

Turbine mortality has been studied for the past four (4) decades developing predictive mortality equations, through field studies. Trends associated with fish passage and turbine mortality include:

• Fish size, turbine type, turbine rotational speed, number of blades and turbine size are the primary determinants of fish survival probability. Fish species does not tend to affect survival.

• Survival is typically higher in small fish (i.e. <20 cm). Larger fish have a higher probability of striking turbine components.

• Lower rotational speeds (i.e. <250 r/min) typically results in decreased mortality.

6.4.1.1.3 Mitigation Measures The intake channel geometry will be designed in order to limit velocity upstream of the powerhouse. A trashrack with bar spacing of 120 mm will be installed and may restrict access and act as a visual cue.

Site conditions (hydrology and head) naturally lead to the selection of fish-friendly turbines which would be the principle mitigation measure to reduce fish mortality. Characteristics of fish-friendly turbines or sites include: large runners, low rotational speeds, limited number of blades and low head.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-10

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.4.1.1.4 Residual Effects Each of the two (2) proposed Kaplan turbines are anticipated to have 3-4 blades, a runner diameter of 3,800 to 4,000 mm, and operate at 90 to 110 RPM with a head range of 2.5 and 5.5 m, respectively. Survival rates for fish ranging from 50 to 1,000 mm in length passing through turbines with 4 blades and operated at 110 rpm were calculated using two separate industry accepted equations.

The first predictive model equation was developed by Headrick (1998) for axial flow turbines:

S = 109.2 – 0.027(l) – 1.038(b) – 0.045(r)

where S is the estimate of turbine survival, l is fish length, b is the number of turbine blades, and r is the runner rotational speed in rpm. This model was developed from a stepwise regression analysis of a database comprising survival estimates from field studies conducted at axial flow turbines (Headrick 1998).

The second predictive model equation for the estimation of fish mortality of Kaplan turbines was also used:

Percent Mortality (%)= 45.38*((total length/Turbine Diameter) *((Head)0.5))1.442+6.953*(Number of Blades0.608) -13.85

Table 6-3 displays the predicted mortalities, assuming a 4-blade turbine with a diameter of 3.8 m, operating at a head of 5 m. Table 6-3: Kaplan Turbine Fish Mortality Estimate

Total Fish Turbine Headrick Kaplan Mean Number of Length Diameter RPM Survival Survival Head Blades Survival (mm) (m) (m) (%) (%) (%) 50 3.8 5 4 110 98.7 97.4 98.1 100 3.8 5 4 110 97.4 96.9 97.2 200 3.8 5 4 110 94.7 95.6 95.3 300 3.8 5 4 110 92.0 94.0 93 400 3.8 5 4 110 89.3 92.1 90.7 500 3.8 5 4 110 86.6 89.9 88.3 600 3.8 5 4 110 83.9 87.6 85.8 700 3.8 5 4 110 81.2 85.1 83.2 800 3.8 5 4 110 78.5 82.4 80.5 900 3.8 5 4 110 75.8 79.6 77.7 1000 3.8 5 4 110 73.1 76.6 74.9

Based on Table 6-3 above, over 90% of fish 400 mm and smaller would survive passage through the turbines. For larger fish, the survival rate decreases as size increases.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-11

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Approximately 75% of fish that are 1,000 mm long that enter the powerhouse are expected to survive. However, it is unlikely that any fish of this length noted as being present in the upstream reach could pass through the trashrack. Further to the relatively low mortality expected of fish entering the powerhouse, the number of fish attracted to the intake area is expected to be relatively limited, because of a less favorable habitat than other areas in the Upstream ZOI. The intake will be a relatively barren, excavated bedrock channel lacking in any habitat structures. This type of habitat is not attractive to fish and would not be an area where fish would be expected to congregate. Species most likely to periodically be within this area or pass through this area would be fish that are utilizing both the deeper water habitats and the shallower waters of the wetlands. Examples of these may be Northern Pike moving between the two habitats foraging, Walleye moving in the shallower waters at night or low light periods for foraging and Smallmouth Bass or Largemouth Bass seeking deeper waters during mid day periods.

The lack of attractive habitat in the intake zone, the low approach velocities, the narrow spacing of the trashrack and the relatively low mortality associated with the selected turbines are expected to minimize turbine mortalities. Mitigation is therefore applied through the selection of appropriate equipment and through design measures. Fish mortality due to entrainment and impingement cannot be completely mitigated. There is a residual negative effect.

Under Section 35 of the Fisheries Act, proponents are responsible for avoiding and mitigating serious harm to fish that are part of or support commercial, recreational or aboriginal (CRA) fisheries. The serious harm that will occur as a result of the Project operation includes fish mortality through entrainment and impingement as presented in Table 6-4 below. Table 6-4: Potential Effects as a Result of Fish Entrainment and Impingement in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Temporary Project Component/ Fish Destruction Duration Alteration of Alteration of Potential Effects Mortality of Habitat Habitat Fish Habitat Fish entrainment and 40 years YES No No No impingement

6.4.1.2 Changes in Upstream Water Level

6.4.1.2.1 Sources of Effects It is proposed to maintain the water levels upstream of the dam at 80.05 m year-round. Current levels are maintained between 79.95 m and 80.10 m during navigation season and vary between 79.0 m and 80.0 during the non-navigation seasons.

6.4.1.2.2 Potential Effects Fluctuations in water levels that occur in the non-navigational months of the years will be limited.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-12

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.4.1.2.3 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are not required.

6.4.1.2.4 Residual Effects Proposed modifications (stabilization) of upstream water levels are not anticipated to have any negative residual effects on aquatic biota as no change in species composition and/or lifecycle processes are expected to result from the proposed stabilization of the water levels.

6.4.1.3 Upstream Movement of Invasive Species

6.4.1.3.1 Sources of Effects Upstream fish passage is currently possible through Lock 1. Although highly improbable, invasive species may attempt to move upstream through the powerhouse.

6.4.1.3.2 Potential Effects To evaluate the potential for upstream movement and increased habitat suitability as a result of Project operation, a thorough records review was conducted to determine potential species present within the Downstream ZOI. Selected species were then evaluated for habitat preference and swimming speed for comparison with the predicted habitat within the ZOI as well as any potential to move upstream through the facility and past the trash racks. Water velocities within the facility are projected to be 9 m/s during maximum production and 0.9 m/s during low flow operation times immediately downstream of the turbines. Upstream mortality is expected to be significantly greater when compared to calculations of downstream entrainment or impingement as a result of time spent within the turbine during upstream movement and fatigue, however Hatch is not aware of any studies predicting upstream turbine mortality (likely due to the rarity of occurrences).

Table 6-5 below summarizes the invasive species known to or possibly inhabiting the lower reaches of Trent River and the Bay of Quinte.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-13

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 6-5: Invasive Species Known to or Possibly Inhabiting the Lower Reaches of Trent River and the Bay of Quinte

Expected Sustained Upstream Existing Potential Impact by Common Scientific Name Habitat Preference Swimming Passage Habitat Species (Net Increase, Name Speed Potential (Yes/No) Decrease or No Change) (m/s) Finned Fish Quiet waters, such as lakes, ponds, pools, and backwaters of large rivers. Ctenopharyngodon Grass Shallow water is preferred however <1.05 No No No Change idella Carp deeper waters are utilized during temperature decreases. Rainbow Rivers and streams with cobble, riffles Osmerus mordax 0.596 No No No change smelt (spawning life stages) and lakes. Yes – Neogobius Round Yes - Low Rivers with rocky/sandy bottoms. 1.257 Upstream and No change melanostomus Goby Flow Periods Downstream Scardinus Rudd Slow/still waters with thick vegetation. <1.08 No No No Change erythropthalmus Petromyzon Sea Yes - Rivers (spawning life stages) and lakes. 0.23 to 0.369 No No Change marinus Lamprey Downstream Mulloscs Littoral zones of lakes or slow streams. Likely present New Yes – Potamopyrgus Silt/organic matter substrate. Tolerates downstream and Zealand N/A N/A Upstream and antipodarum high flow environments where it can upstream no changes to Mud Snail Downstream burrow into the sediment. population expected

5 Hoover, J. J., W. Southern, A. W. Katzenmeyer, and N. M. Hahn. 2012. Swimming performance of bighead carp and silver carp: Methodology, metrics, and management applications. ANSRP Technical Notes Collection. ERDC/TN ANSRP-12-3. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ansrp/ansrp.html. 6 Richardson, John E. 2004 Winnicut Dam Removal, Feasibility Study, Hydraulic Fish Passage and Alternatives Analysis 7 Tierney, Keith B.; Kasurak, Ashley V.; Zielinski, Barbara S.; and Higgs, Dennis M., "Swimming performance and invasion potential of the round goby" (2011). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 92, 4, 491-502. 8 Fishbase Website – Swimming speeds of Scardinius erythrophthalmus http://www.fishbase.se/summary/Scardinius-erythrophthalmus.html 9 Fishbase Website – Swimming speeds of Petromyzon marinus. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Petromyzon-marinus.html

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-14

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Expected Sustained Upstream Existing Potential Impact by Common Scientific Name Habitat Preference Swimming Passage Habitat Species (Net Increase, Name Speed Potential (Yes/No) Decrease or No Change) (m/s) Likely present Freshwater lakes, rivers and reservoirs. Yes – Dreissena Quagga downstream and Prefer deeper waters as opposed to N/A N/A Upstream and bugensis Mussel upstream no changes to shorelines or shallow water. Downstream population expected Freshwater lakes, rivers and reservoirs. Yes – Present throughout no Dreissena Zebra Less resilient to cold waters then the N/A N/A Upstream and change to population polymorpha Mussel Quagga Mussel. Downstream expected

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-15

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.4.1.3.3 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are not proposed as upstream passage is highly improbable.

6.4.1.3.4 Residual Effects Based on the findings of the records review, Round Goby may possess the ability to swim up the predicted current during low flow periods; however, turbulence, blade strike and fatigue would likely eliminate the potential for upstream movement. Round Goby are known to inhabit both upstream and downstream reaches of Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Accordingly, any upstream movement would not be anticipated to cause negative residual effects, and therefore no adverse residual effects are anticipated as a result of facility operation on the upstream movement of invasive species.

6.4.1.4 Habitat Supporting Invasive Species

6.4.1.4.1 Sources of Effects To identify invasive species having the potential to be present within the Study Area (species listed in Table 4-5 and Table 4-6) were compared to species listed within Ontario’s Invasive Species Awareness Program online information source (Ontario Invading Species Awareness Program, 2017) as well as the aquatic invasive species lists created by the DFO (DFO, 2016) to identify the potential presence of aquatic invasive species with the potential to be present within the Study Area. These species are presented in Table 6-5. It should be noted that species listed as invasive by DFO which are commonly stocked in Ontario (e.g. Rainbow Trout and Chinook Salmon) have not been considered as invasive species for the purposes of this DIA and have not been identified as such in Table 6-5. In addition to invasive species listed within Table 4-5 and Table 4-6, invasive species listed by DFO with habitat descriptions matching that of the Local Study Area (as described in Section 4.1.9.2) have also been considered.

6.4.1.4.2 Potential Effects There is a minimal potential for effects to habitat supporting invasive species as a result of Project operation. Invasive and non-native species combine for a large percentage of the species composition and abundance utilizing the Downstream ZOI and to a lesser degree the Upstream ZOI. The Project as proposed is not expected to help or hinder invasive species within the Local Study Area.

Round Goby are arguably the greatest threat to the native Channel Darter located within the downstream ZOI. Although Round Goby is expected to occupy the entire area, some studies (Cooper et al. 2009) have shown a Round Goby prefer deeper waters in Great Lakes coastal areas. It is anticipated that Goby may inhabit the tailrace area depending on food availability. It is also possible the reduction in water depths within the bypass may reduce Round Goby suitability lowering population densities. If this were to occur it would be beneficial to the Channel Darter.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-16

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.4.1.4.3 Mitigation Measures

6.4.1.4.4 No mitigation measures are proposed, however in the event that an increase of an invasive species is linked to the hydro facility, remedial action will occur. This may include; manual, mechanical or chemical removal of the problem species.

6.4.1.4.5 Residual Effects The habitat preferences of all identified species were compared to the existing habitat preferences within the Downstream ZOI to determine if suitable habitat was present. To assess the impact the Project may have on invasive species it was assumed that water velocity downstream would increase slightly and that the downstream water level would become slightly lower after Project implementation. These changes in the existing habitat were then again compared to the habitat preferences of the listed species to determine whether the Local Study Area would see a net increase, decrease or nil change in species habitat suitability (Table 6-5). Based on the results presented in Table 6-5, no residual adverse effects are anticipated.

6.4.1.5 Benthic Invertebrates

6.4.1.5.1 Sources of Effects The Project components, bypass wetted area and changes in tailrace/intake substrates are expected to result in a population abundance and species composition changes within the Local Study Area.

6.4.1.5.2 Potential Effects Benthic invertebrate production is a key element in both aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Long-term reductions in wetted width would be expected to reduce the available quality and quantity of benthic invertebrate habitat, thus effecting aquatic and terrestrial species which rely on benthic productivity.

6.4.1.5.3 Mitigation Measures The principal mitigation measure to address potential adverse effects as a result of Project operation is the design of the Project to reduce the footprint of the powerhouse, training wall and tailrace channel to greatest extent possible during the design phase prior to construction.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1 to mitigate potential effects to downstream habitat and biota and is described in Section 6.4.1.7.3. This mitigating measure is anticipated to also reduce the potential for adverse environmental effects to benthic invertebrates.

6.4.1.5.4 Residual Effects Table 6-6 below outlines the expected loss in benthic production areas as it relates to passive production estimates.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-17

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 6-6: Expected Loss in Benthic Production

Estimated High Estimated Low Benthic Project Benthic Invertebrate Component/ Duration Estimated High Invertebrate Production Area Potential Effects Benthic Invertebrate Production Area Converted to Low Production Area Lost Lost Production Area (m2) (m2) (m2) Alteration of levels Permanent and velocity in - - Up to 5,097 (40 years) downstream ZOI Total - - Up to 5,097

6.4.1.6 Upstream Habitat and Biota

6.4.1.6.1 Sources of Effects Water depth, water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within and in the vicinity of the intake channel.

6.4.1.6.2 Potential Effects This area is presently made up of a low velocity, shallow area with deep sediment. The construction of the intake components will result in this area becoming a higher velocity (approximately 1 m/s) smooth, hard channel (exposed bedrock or concrete) which offers little habitat to fish or benthic invertebrates.

6.4.1.6.3 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures are proposed.

6.4.1.6.4 Residual Effects While there will be a change in substrate, depth and velocity, there will be no effect to the quality of fish habitat in the area. Neither the preconstruction nor post-construction habitat support specific lifecycle processes of the upstream VEC fish species. Both habitats are functionally similar in that they provide limited foraging opportunity, with no known spawning or nursery characteristics.

6.4.1.7 Downstream Habitat and Biota

6.4.1.7.1 Sources of Effects Downstream fish habitat and biota will be affected by changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the tailrace channel.

Based on the simulations, water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool immediately downstream of the dam, nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-18

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.4.1.7.2 Potential Effects Operation of the powerhouse has the potential to result in serious harm to fish. Potential effects to fish include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration.

Section 4.1.9 identified 30 finned fish known to inhabit or utilize the Downstream ZOI. Four of those fish are SAR and were further described in Section 5.2.12. The remaining fish community is composed of forage and large-bodied species of varying degrees of ecological and social significance. Species identified as being of interest, but are not SAR includes Cisco, Lake Whitefish and Walleye.

6.4.1.7.3 Mitigation Measures The tailrace channel outlet is designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1. Simulations were performed with two (2) alternatives for ecological flow: 10 and 18 m3/s as shown in Figure 6-2. Ecological flows were based on a combination of meeting ecological needs of the existing aquatic ecosystem, hydrology, technical constraints and financial viability of the Project. PCA has indicated that the new dam would not have the capacity to discharge flow smaller than 10 m3/s. The base scenario evaluated consisted in maintaining an ecological flow of 10 m3/s year-round. A second scenario was evaluated (18 m3/s) at the request of PCA.

Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003, and modelling performed by CIMA with onsite observation and capture data of Hatch’s 2016 fall fish program, Hatch biologist identified areas suitable for spawning for each VEC species during the appropriate seasonal ranges, for areas having suitable substrates, flow velocities and depths to provide spawning habitat (Figures 6-3 through 6-7). These figures also present the results of modeling simulations of a 10 m³/s bypass flow to determine the total area of spawning habitat that would be retained and conversely, the spawning habitat predicted to be affected by the operation of the Project. Sections 6.4.2 through 6.4.4 and Sections 6.6.1 through 6.6.3 present the results of this analysis. Table 6-7 shows that flow in the Bypass Reach will often exceed 10 m3/s (or 18 m3/s), however, the wetted area in the Downstream ZOI is based on a minimum flow of 10 m3/s (or 18 m3/s) discharged in the Bypass Reach. Table 6-8 below provides the estimated wetted areas in the Downstream ZOI under the different scenarios. Table 6-7 Operational Bypass Reach Wetted Area Scenarios

10 m3/s Ecological 18 m3/s Ecological Existing Flow Flow Difference in Modelled Wetted Downstream ZOI Downstream ZOI Decrease (10 Scenario Area Wetted Area Decrease Wetted Area Decrease m3/s vs (m³/s) (m²) (m²) (m²) (m²) (m²) 18 m3/s) 40 91,433 87,800 3,633 89,215 2,218 1,415 60 92,304 88,195 4,109 89,628 2,676 1,433

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-19

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

10 m3/s Ecological 18 m3/s Ecological Existing Flow Flow Difference in Modelled Wetted Downstream ZOI Downstream ZOI Decrease (10 Scenario Area Wetted Area Decrease Wetted Area Decrease m3/s vs (m³/s) (m²) (m²) (m²) (m²) (m²) 18 m3/s) 80 93,609 88,512 5,097 90,215 3,394 1,703 100 94,252 89,193 5,059 90,964 3,288 1,771 200 96,375 92,083 4,292 93,612 2,763 1,529 400 100,061 97,916 2,145 97,916 2,145 0

The relatively flat profile of the Bypass Reach accounts for the gradual increase (no sharp changes) in wetted area with flow under the existing conditions. All modelled flow scenarios indicate that there will be a reduction in wetted area in the Downstream ZOI (mostly localized in the Bypass Reach) during operation when compared to existing conditions. The differences between existing and operational wetted area increase with flow, up to the maximum plant capacity (approximately 200 m³/s). This reflects the diversion of an increasing proportion of the total flow through the generating station as flows increase between 40 and 200 m³/s. Figures A1 through A5 of Hatch’s Aquatic TSD show the pictures of the Bypass Reach at various flows providing actual depiction of modelled flows.

The powerhouse and the training wall occupy an area of 1,404 m2 in the Downstream ZOI (effects were addressed in Section 5). This is a fix decreased in wetted area and it does not vary with the magnitude of the ecological flow. An ecological flow of 18 m3/s would decrease the loss of wetted habitat by approximately 1,400 to 1,700 m2 depending on river flows when compared to an ecological flow of 10 m3/s. This represents approximately 1.5% of the existing wetted area available in the Downstream ZOI.

Figure 6-2b compares wetted area and water depths for both ecological flow assessed (10 m3/s and 18 m3/s) with a river flow of 100 m3/s which is the flow resulting in the highest loss of wetted habitat. Water depths in the simulation with an 18 m3/s ecological flow are approximately 5 to 10 cm deeper in the Plunge Pool and less than 5 cm deeper elsewhere when compared with the simulation with a 10 m3/s ecological flow. It should be noted that models (existing and post-construction) are showing all wetted area without consideration for minimum depths requirement for use by fish and benthic invertebrates.

6.4.1.7.4 Residual Effects The serious harm that will occur because of the Project includes the permanent alteration to habitat as well as the destruction of fish habitat in the areas that will be occupied by the Project footprint as presented in Table 6-8 below.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-20

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 6-8: Potential Effects to Downstream Habitat and Biota in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

When proponents are unable to completely avoid or mitigate serious harm to fish, projects will normally require authorization under Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act in order to proceed without contravening the Act. As the Project will not be able to completely avoid or mitigate some of the impacts to fish habitat, a Fisheries Act Authorization will be required in order to undertake those Project activities which will cause serious harm to fish habitat.

The issuance of a Fisheries Act Authorization by the Minister includes the consideration of attempts by the proponent to avoid, mitigate or offset the serious harm to fish. As avoidance of serious harm is not possible for this Project, mitigation measures were proposed, mainly by the provision of a minimum bypass flow. As noted in the preceding sections, while the proposed mitigation measures will reduce the serious harm, there is still some net loss of habitat that expected to occur. This net loss will require authorization and will need to be addressed by offsetting.

6.4.2 Lake Whitefish Lake Whitefish are not resident in the Project Area, but migrate in order to utilize the Downstream ZOI for spawning. Lake Whitefish using the area likely reside in the deeper portions of the Bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario. Lake Whitefish are known to spawn over coarse substrates in areas that receive adequate flow or heavy wave action to remove silts and fines.

6.4.2.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects to Lake Whitefish are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above and include changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the tailrace channel. Based on the simulations, water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool immediately downstream of the dam, nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-21

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.4.2.2 Potential Effects Operation of the powerhouse has the potential to result in serious harm to Lake Whitefish. Potential effects to Lake Whitefish include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration.

6.4.2.3 Mitigation Measures The tailrace channel outlet is designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1.

6.4.2.4 Residual Effects Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003, and modelling performed by CIMA with onsite observation and capture data of Hatch’s 2016 fall fish program, Hatch biologist derived areas suitable for Lake Whitefish spawning. Figure 6-3 depicts areas of coarse substrates with suitable flow velocities (0.1 to 1.0 m/s) and depths (0.1 to 3 m). Lake Whitefish spawning is anticipated to occur during the months of November and December when mean flows are typically 141 and 175 m³/s, respectively.

As presented in Figure 6-3, existing habitat suitable for Lake Whitefish spawning covers approximately 23,658 m² located primarily within the Bypass Reach (21,509 m2). With a 10 m³/s bypass flow, a total of 8,539 m² of spawning habitat would be retained within the Bypass Reach resulting in 12,970 m² of affected spawning habitat.

Table 6-9 presents the potential residual effects to Lake Whitefish. Table 6-9: Potential Effects to Lake Whitefish in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Temporary Project Component/ Fish Destruction Alteration Alteration of Duration Potential Effects Mortality of Habitat of Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) 0 Alteration of levels and velocity Permanent (general) in downstream ZOI (within the No - - (40 years) Bypass Reach) 12,970 (Spawning) Fish entrainment and Permanent No - - - impingement (40 years) 12,970 Total - - (spawning)

6.4.2.5 Opportunities for Offsetting Velocity simulations during operation with river flows of 100 and 200 m³/s show ideal spawning velocities (0.1 – 1.0 m/s) occurring at the downstream end of the tailrace channel (Figures 4-20 and 4-23). These areas are not currently being utilized by Lake Whitefish for spawning purposes. Offsetting possibilities may exist within or downstream of the tailrace

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-22

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

channel. The Plunge Pool immediately downstream of Dam 1 also presents an opportunity for offsetting to occur. In both cases there is potential to place suitable substrates provided long term operational hydrology conditions are determined to be suitable. These areas in combination with potential flow management will be discussed with the agencies to determine appropriate mitigation strategies.

6.4.3 Cisco (Lake Herring) Cisco are not resident in the Local Study Area but likely reside in the deeper portions of the Bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario. They migrate in order to utilize areas in the Downstream ZOI for spawning. Cisco are known to spawn in non-vegetated areas of clean (preferably flat) rocks that receive adequate flows or wave action to remove silts and fines however are not within the main flow paths of rapids or riffles.

6.4.3.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects to Cisco are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above and include changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the tailrace channel. Based on the simulations, water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool immediately downstream of the dam, nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet.

6.4.3.2 Potential Effects Operation of the powerhouse has the potential to result in serious harm to Cisco. Potential effects to Cisco include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration.

6.4.3.3 Mitigation Measures The tailrace channel outlet is designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1.

6.4.3.4 Residual Effects Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003, modelling performed by CIMA with onsite observation and capture data of Hatch’s 2016 fall fish program, Hatch biologist derived what is thought to be the areas most used by Cisco for spawning purposed under normal flow conditions. Figure 6-4 depicts areas of clean swept flat stones with suitable flow velocities (0.1 to 0.5 m/s) and depths (0.1 to 1 m). Given the location of the existing suitable spawning habitat, decreases in Cisco spawning habitat will likely arise from changes in velocities and velocity at the tailrace channel outlet but not from variation within the Bypass Reach.

Under the proposed operation, flow alteration may alter 2,154 m² of existing mapped spawning habitat representing a total alteration of approximately 32% of the existing

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-23

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

spawning habitat. Table 6-10 presents the potential effects to Cisco in relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act. Table 6-10: Potential Effects to Cisco in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Project Permanent Component/ Fish Destruction Alteration Temporary Alteration of Duration Potential Mortality of Habitat of Habitat Fish Habitat Effects (m2) (m2) (m2) General - 0 Alteration of Spawning - 2,154 levels and Permanent NO - - velocity in (40 years) no longer Suitable, 7,597 downstream ZOI (Would become suitable) Net increase of 5,443 Fish entrainment Permanent No - - - and impingement (40 years) + 5,443 Total - - (spawning)

Although velocities within portions of the existing identified habitat will increase beyond Cisco spawning preference, reduction of flows within the Bypass Reach are anticipated to bring velocities to within the preferred range as shown in hydrology Figures 4-20 and 4-23. As such, a bypass flow of 10 m³/s should increase available spawning habitat for Cisco. The velocity model indicates areas with velocities between 0.1 and 0.5 m/s and depths of 0.1 to 1 m with suitable substrate composition within the Bypass Reach under 10 m³/s flows may create an additional 7,597 m² of suitable spawning habitat.

Seasonally and occasional high-flow periods are anticipated to transport any fine materials out of the bypass area, maintaining the current clean swept rocks. Shale rocks of varying sizes contribute the majority of the substrate, providing ideal habitat for Cisco spawning.

The provision of a constant flow through the Bypass Reach will reduce the variability in wetted area and velocities. Maintaining ecological flows will ensure eggs deposited under that flow will receive the same or greater amounts of water throughout the winter, whereas currently eggs could be deposited during higher flows creating a situation where egg desiccation is likely at some point throughout the winter months.

Maintaining the minimum ecological flow of 10 m³/s is expected to successfully mitigate the loss of existing Cisco spawning habitat, and likely will lead to a net increase in spawning area.

6.4.4 Walleye Walleye are expected to reside and spawn within the Local Study Area. MNRF has indicated that the Downstream ZOI is a significant spawning area for the Bay of Quinte and Lake

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-24

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Ontario Walleye populations. Furthermore, MNRF has agreed with the shown Walleye spawning habitat delineation.

6.4.4.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects to Walleye are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above and include fish entrainment and mortality and changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the tailrace channel. Based on the simulations, water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool immediately downstream of the dam, nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet.

6.4.4.2 Potential Effects Operation of the powerhouse has the potential to result in serious harm to Walleye. Potential effects to Walleye include: impact on health and/or behavior, loss of habitat and habitat alteration.

6.4.4.3 Mitigation Measures The intake channel geometry will be designed in order to limit velocity upstream of the powerhouse. A trashrack with bar spacing of 120 mm will be installed and may restrict access and act as a visual cue.

The tailrace channel outlet is designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1.

6.4.4.4 Residual Effects Walleye are expected to reside and spawn within the Local Study Area. MNRF has indicated that the Downstream ZOI is a significant spawning area for the Bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario Walleye populations.

Existing habitat suitable for Walleye spawning covers approximately 29,806 m², located primarily within the Bypass Reach and coarse substrate along the western bank and adjacent

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-25

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

the islands (28,070 m2). Existing and operational spawning habitat areas were determined based on the areas with suitable substrate and expected to receive appropriate flow. Water temperature data, onsite observations and anecdotal information suggest Walleye spawning commences in April with egg incubation expected to take up to 21 days depending on water temperatures.

It is anticipated that water in excess of the plant maximum capacity is available at this time of year (Table 6-1). Mean flow for April is approximately 330 m³/s which would result in a bypass flow of 130 m³/s. Figures 4-25 through 4-27 illustrate the wetted width and suitable velocities occurring when river discharges near and exceed 400 m³/s. These data indicate that the spawning area will be maintained by the flows during that period. During an average spring flow, approximately 25,835 m² of Walleye spawning habitat is expected to be maintained. During above average spring flow years, all suitable habitat within the bypass is expected to receive adequate waters, limiting the loss of spawning habitat to the areas directly impacted by the tailrace and training wall footprint (Table 6-11).

Table 6-11 presents the potential effects to Walleye in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act. Table 6-11: Potential Effects to Walleye in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Temporary Destruction Project Component/ Fish Alteration Alteration of Duration of Habitat Potential Effects Mortality of Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) Up to 5,097 Alteration of levels and Permanent (general) velocity in downstream ZOI No - - (40 years) (within the Bypass Reach) 2,235 (spawning) Fish entrainment and Permanent Yes - - - impingement (40 years) Up to 5,097 (general) Total - - 2,235 (spawning)

6.4.4.5 Opportunities for Offsetting Model simulations of operations at 200 m³/s (the likely scenario during spring) show suitable velocities for spawning occurring at the downstream end of the tailrace (Figure 4-23).

Offsetting possibilities may exist within or downstream of the tailrace channel. The Plunge Pool immediately downstream of Dam 1 also presents an opportunity for offsetting to occur. These areas in combination with potential flow management will be discussed with the agencies to address residual adverse effects.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-26

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.5 Wildlife Field studies completed for the Project identified several common wildlife species and general wildlife habitats within and immediately adjacent to the Project. The daily operation of the powerhouse poses potential environmental effects to wildlife, primarily semi-terrestrial species, and associated wildlife habitat.

6.5.1 Sources of Effects It is proposed to maintain the water levels upstream of the dam at 80.05 m.

6.5.2 Potential Effects Fluctuations in water levels that occur in the non-navigational months of the years will be limited leading to potential alteration of wildlife habitat through change in bank and wetland vegetation communities.

6.5.3 Mitigation Measures Maintaining water levels within the normal operational levels will ensure hydrological changes to the upstream ZOI will not differ significantly than previous years, limiting any changes to the bank or in-water vegetation communities or the wildlife that depend on them. Furthermore, stabilization should reduce the potential for amphibian eggs to become dewatered or stranded due to a sudden drop in water levels and to a lesser extent reptile nest on shore to become flooded through a sudden rise in water levels.

6.5.4 Residual Effects Operation of the hydropower facility is expected to maintain water levels at 80.05 m with little to no fluctuation. This change in hydrology is not expected to result in the loss of any existing wetlands. Aquatic vegetation is expected to colonize suitable areas over time, following introduction of seed sources, through transportation in water, wind or by wildlife. No residual adverse effects to wildlife habitat are expected. 6.6 SAR As identified in Table 2-3 four (4) fish SAR and four (4) turtle SAR confirmed or assumed to be present within the Local Study Area which have the potential to experience adverse effects during operation. These include: American Eel, Lake Sturgeon, River Redhorse Channel Darter, Eastern Musk Turtle, Northern Map Turtle, Snapping Turtle, and Blanding’s Turtle. Channel Darter is a sensitive species, known to reside primarily within the ZOI. Additional efforts are required to determine the potential effects to the local population and accordingly potential effects to Channel Darter are detailed in a separate section (Section 7).

6.6.1 American Eel

6.6.1.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects to American Eel are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above and include fish entrainment and mortality and changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the tailrace channel. Based on the simulations, water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-27

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

immediately downstream of the dam, nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet.

6.6.1.2 Potential Effects Potential effects to American Eel are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above. Potential effects include; entrainment or impingement, as well as temporary alteration of general habitat within the downstream ZOI.

6.6.1.3 Mitigation Measures The intake channel geometry will be designed in order to limit velocity upstream of the powerhouse. A trashrack with bar spacing of 120 mm will be installed and may restrict access and act as a visual cue.

The tailrace channel outlet is designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1.

6.6.1.4 Residual Effects American Eel is expected to utilize any wetted areas present, with the altered area being dependent on the monthly mean flows. Table 6-12 presents the potential residual effects to American Eel. Table 6-12: Potential Effects to American Eel in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Temporary Project Component Fish Destruction Alteration Alteration of Duration /Potential Effects Mortality of Habitat of Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) Alteration of levels and Permanent (40 velocity in downstream years term of Up to 5,097 NO - - ZOI (within the Bypass Energy (general) Reach) Contract) Permanent (40 Fish entrainment and years term of YES - - - impingement Energy Contract) Up to 5,097 Total - - (general)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-28

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.6.1.5 American Eel Mortality EPRI (2001) undertook a major review of the behaviour of downstream migrating eels with particular emphasis on technologies and research related to protection at hydroelectric facilities. Downstream movement of eels typically occurs between July and September, with environmental factors (such as a rainfall event and associated increase in stream or river discharge and turbidity) providing the actual migration trigger. Timing of the event varies by latitude, with the earliest being at higher latitude. In the St. Lawrence River above the Moses- Saunders Generating Station, downstream migrations occur over the July to September period (McGrath et al., 2003), while COSEWIC (2006) noted that eels from Lake Ontario begin out-migrating in mid to late June. Similar timing would be expected to occur within the Trent-Severn Waterway. EPRI (2001) notes that downstream movement probably consists of active movement within the main flow of the river during the overnight hours (or occasionally during very overcast daytime periods) with the upper portion of the water column appears to be preferentially selected over the bottom portion of the water column (EPRI, 2001; McGrath et al., 2003; Watene et al., 2003).

The response of migrating eels as they approach a generating station has been investigated by a number of researchers by means of radio telemetry, acoustic transmitters and/or traps. In a New Zealand waterway, Watene et al. (2003) found that eels dove repeatedly within the headrace area above a dam, using the entire water column, when they found their downstream progress blocked by a dam, which may indicate a searching behaviour. Some also returned upstream for a number of days before returning for a subsequent attempt. Of 14 tagged eels, two passed the dam via the spillway, while all the others passed through the turbines. Similar behavioural responses (searching, upstream movement prior to a subsequent attempt at passage) are reported within the EPRI (2001) review. Durif et al. (2003) in a trapping and telemetry study of European Eels, found that eels were more attracted to a bottom bypass than a surface bypass at a small hydroelectric facility in France, although the observation was with limited sample data.

Water turbidity, conductivity, rainfall and flow rate were significantly correlated with eel catches/downstream passage. Trashrack spacing was also found to be a significant factor in preventing downstream passage through the turbines. Typical spacing for trashrack specifically designed to prevent eel passage varies between 20mm and 30mm (approximately 4 to 5 time smaller than the proposed spacing), although high approach velocities could result in impingement. A Swedish study of the impingement of American Eels at a hydroelectric facility that contained a trash rack spacing 20 mm and similar approach velocities (0.93 to 1.17m/s) to the proposed Project found 35% of tagged eels with an average length of 737 mm were mortality impinged, this was in addition to any mortality associated with the turbine.

A number of authors (EPRI, 2001, Durif et al, 2003, McGrath et al., 2003) have noted that turbine passage appears to be the most common method of downstream passage, particularly at large hydroelectric stations.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-29

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Estimated mortality during turbine passage – the mortality rate of adult eels during passage through turbines is generally high due to their length. Larinier and Travade (2002) noted that mortality for large low-head Kaplan turbines can range from 15-30% and can be much higher (50-100%) for smaller turbines used for small scale projects. They also noted that the lowest values (around 6%) have been reported in low-head, 3-blade Kaplan turbines (Currently 3 and 4 blade turbines are being evaluated for use). Larinier and Travade (2002) also provide a formula for estimating the mortality of eels through a turbine (Mortality = [Sin(28.6 + 48.7(TL/esp))]2, where esp is the distance in metres between the blades, measured at mid height). Application of this formula to the turbines currently under evaluation (i.e. 3.8-m dia., 4-blade) results in mortality estimates ranging from 41.4% to 49.9% in eels ranging from 700 to 1000 mm long. Adult female American Eel have been noted to reach 1000 mm within the Great Lakes basin during their downstream migration, while males generally do not exceed 400 mm (DFO, 2016).

6.6.2 Lake Sturgeon A small population of Lake Sturgeon is believed to reside and spawn within the Downstream ZOI. MNRF and historical anecdotal information suggest spawning takes place on an irregular basis with general foraging likely occurring sporadically as well. Lake Sturgeon are known to spawn over coarse substrate (0.05m to 0.5m) in adequate flow (0.5 to 1.3 m/s) over varying depths (0.6 to 2.0m).

6.6.2.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects to Lake Sturgeon are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above and include changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the tailrace channel. Based on the simulations, water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool immediately downstream of the dam, nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet.

6.6.2.2 Potential Effects Potential effects to Lake Sturgeon are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above. Potential effects include temporary alteration of general and spawning habitat within the downstream ZOI.

6.6.2.3 Mitigation Measures The tailrace channel outlet is designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1.

6.6.2.4 Residual Effects Although few Lake Sturgeon are expected to utilize the area, 22,193 m² of habitat meets the criteria of coarse substrate possessing velocities between 0.5 and 1.5 m/s with depths

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-30

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

ranging from 0.1 to 5 m. Hatch and 2003 Parish information was combined with CIMA modelling to delineate this area primarily within the Bypass Reach as shown in Figure 6-6.

Operational reduction in flows are expected to reduce suitable area and velocities within the Bypass Reach from 20,453 to 6,964 m², resulting in a total reduction of 13,489 m². Table 6-13 presents the potential residual effects to Lake Sturgeon. Table 6-13: Potential Effects to Lake Sturgeon in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Permanent Temporary Project Component/ Fish Destruction Alteration Alteration of Duration Potential Effects Mortality of Habitat of Habitat Fish Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) Alteration of levels and Permanent (40 Up to 5,097 velocity in downstream years term of (general) No - - ZOI (within the Bypass Energy 13,452 Reach) Contract) (spawning) Permanent (40 Fish entrainment and years term of No - - - impingement Energy Contract) Up to 5,097 (general) Total - - 13,489 (spawning)

Lake Sturgeon are not expected to inhabit the upstream ZOI, therefore there is no potential impingement, entrainment or mortality anticipated as a result of operations

6.6.2.5 Opportunities for Offsetting Previously identified potential offsetting areas within and downstream of the tailrace as well as within the plunge pool would be expected to also potentially facilitate Lake Sturgeon spawning. Given the relatively small population utilizing the area agencies (PCA, DFO, MNRF) and First Nations engagement is required to determine whether additional offsetting would be required or if the remaining 6,964 m² of spawning habitat could facilitate any spawning that may be occurring.

6.6.3 River Redhorse River Redhorse are believed to reside and spawn within the Downstream ZOI. MNRF has stated that the Downstream ZOI is a significant spawning area for the Bay of Quinte River Redhorse populations. River Redhorse are known to spawn in substrate ranging from coarse sands to small cobbles in areas that receive adequate velocity (0.6 - 1.2 m/s) or wave action to remove silts and fines.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-31

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.6.3.1 Sources of Effects Sources of effects to River Redhorse are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above and include fish entrainment and mortality and changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the tailrace channel. Based on the simulations, water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool immediately downstream of the dam, nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet.

6.6.3.2 Potential Effects Potential effects to River Redhorse are consistent with those described in Section 6.4.1 above. Potential effects include entrainment or impingement as well as temporary alteration of general and spawning habitat within the downstream ZOI.

6.6.3.3 Mitigation Measures The intake channel geometry will be designed in order to limit velocity upstream of the powerhouse. A trashrack with bar spacing of 120 mm will be installed and may restrict access and act as a visual cue.

The tailrace channel outlet is designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via a flared end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation.

In addition, an ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1.

6.6.3.4 Residual Effects Combining substrates documented by Hatch in 2016, Parish in 2003 and modelling performed by CIMA, with onsite observation, Hatch biologist derived areas suitable for redhorse spawning. Figure 6-7 depicts areas of suitable substrates with suitable flow velocities (0.6 to 1.2 m/s) and depths (0.1 to 2 m). Existing habitat suitable for redhorse spawning covers approximately 11,046 m², 10,567 of which is located within the Bypass and Downstream Reach (i.e. outside of the Project Area).

Impacts on redhorse spawning habitat as a result of operation will result from reduced flows through the Bypass Reach, increased velocities/altered direction due to water exiting the tailrace as well as substrate changes within the flared dissipation area. Under the proposed operation a total of 4,278 m² (39% of existing mapped spawning habitat) is expected to be permanently or temporarily altered, as a result of water depths, velocity and directional change as well as the installation of the dissipation flare. Figure 6-7 illustrates the predictive change in spawning habitat that includes the alteration of habitat along the western side of Dam 1 where bypass flows are no longer expected to be suitable, furthermore an elongated

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-32

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

area extending northwesterly from main flow path is also expected to have insufficient flows under the bypass scenario. Immediately downstream of the tailrace increased velocities are expected to exceed River Redhorse preferences and likely also displace the sands and gravels required for spawning. Table 6-14 identifies the potential residual effects to River Redhorse.

Table 6-14: Potential Effects to River Redhorse in Relation to Subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act

Temporary Permanent Alteration Project Component/ Fish Duration Destruction Alteration of Fish Potential Effects Mortality of Habitat of Habitat Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2)

Alteration of levels and Permanent (40 Up to 5,097 velocity in downstream years term of (general) NO - - ZOI (within the Bypass Energy 3,808 Reach) Contract) (spawning) Permanent (40 Fish entrainment and years term of YES - - - impingement Energy Contract) Up to 5,097 (general) Total - - 3,808 (spawning)

River Redhorse are expected to inhabit the upstream ZOI, however are not anticipated to be spawning within the reach (Reid 2005). Their presence is explained through downstream movement from sustaining populations upstream. Reid 2005 states mean total lengths for males and females to be 610 and 640 mm, respectively. Based on mortality estimates presented in Section 6.4.1 approximately 15% adults moving downstream through the powerhouse would be mortally injured or killed. The remaining 85% would be expected to join the Bay of Quinte population. Fifteen percent mortality is not expected to be representative to all downstream movement as individuals are also likely to pass through Dam 1 reducing the overall percent.

6.6.3.5 Opportunities for Offsetting Although velocities within portions of the existing habitat will increase beyond redhorse spawning preference range (See Figure 6-7), reduction of flows and velocities through the Plunge Pool may provide an opportunity for offsetting spawning habitat creation which, along with dam operations could potentially lead to additional suitable spawning habitat being created along the western bank which is already shown to be supporting spawning. Any proposed operational flow manipulation will require flow passage analysis to determine potential impacts to substrate displacement.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-33

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.6.4 Blanding’s Turtle, Eastern Musk Turtle, Northern Map Turtle and Snapping Turtle

6.6.4.1 Sources of Effects Entrainment occurs when turtles are drawn into the intake flow and proceed to pass through the turbines or other components of the facility. Impingement occurs when turtles are "pinned" against intake trashracks by the pressure exerted by the inflowing water. Specific studies or literature on Turtles abilities to avoid impingement or entrainment is not currently available. It is anticipated both impingement and entrainment will occur at the site with the likely of the smaller turtles passing though the turbines and larger turtles becoming impinged.

The operation will also result in a small increase in vehicle traffic within the Project Area.

6.6.4.2 Potential Effects Mortality or injury due to entrainment and impingement may occur.

Traffic during the operational phase of the facility also has the potential to result in injury or mortality of wildlife through vehicle collisions.

6.6.4.3 Mitigation Measures To mitigate this, the intake will be designed to minimize impingement and entrainment (e.g., Intake designed to limit velocity to 1 m/s and 120 mm trashrack spacing to restrict access and act as a visual barrier). Swimming speed of turtles and capacity to avoid entrainment has not been studied; however, it is unlikely that turtles will be present in the intake channel due to the lack of suitable area and fine substrates.

Speed limits will be implemented to minimize the potential for mortality of transient species.

6.6.4.4 Residual Effects Operation of the Project may result in impingement and entrainment of species.

No negative residual effects are anticipated due to traffic. 6.7 Vegetation

6.7.1 Invasives Species

6.7.1.1 Sources of Effects It is proposed to maintain the water levels upstream of the dam at 80.05 m.

6.7.1.2 Potential Effects Invasive species currently listed within Ontario’s Invasive Species Awareness existing and potentially occurring within the Upstream and Downstream ZOI are identified below in Table 6-15 (Ontario Invading Species Awareness Program, 2017).

Changes in existing habitat were compared to the habitat preferences of the listed species to determine whether the Local Study Area would see a net increase, decrease or nil change in species habitat suitability.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-34

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 6-15: Invasive Vegetation Species Known to or Possibly Inhabiting the Lower Reaches of Trent River and the Bay of Quinte

Potential Impact by Existing Scientific Common Species (Net Habitat Preference Habitat Name Name Increase, Decrease (Yes/No) or No Change) Present in upstream Yes – Phragmite Common Disturbed areas near standing wetlands. No Upstream and s australis Reed water. changes to Downstream population expected Marshes, ditches, Present in upstream Yes – Lythrum Purple swamps, pond/stream wetlands. No Upstream and salicaria Loosestrife changes to edges, ditches, uplands, and Downstream meadows. population expected Likely present Myriophyll Yes – Shallow water 1-3 m deep. Can upstream. No change um water milfoil Upstream and survive in up to 10 m of water. is expected as a spicatum Downstream result of the Project. Only present in Canada within May become present the Trent Severn Waterway as a result of Stratiotes near the Hamlet of the Trent Water Soldier Not expected downstream aloides River. Prefers soft mud movement unrelated substrates in depths of up to 5 to the Project. m.

6.7.1.3 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures are proposed as no changes to invasive vegetation populations are anticipated.

6.7.1.4 Residual Effects Based on the results presented in Table 6-15, no residual adverse effects are anticipated. 6.8 Natural Heritage Features

6.8.1 Wetlands

6.8.1.1 Sources of Effects The field studies completed for this Project determined there are no wetlands within the Project Area. In the Local Study Area, there is a shallow marsh immediately adjacent to the new temporary road access (north) and upstream of the intake (MAS2-1, see Figure 4-28). It is proposed to maintain the water levels upstream of the dam at 80.05 m.

6.8.1.2 Potential Effects Fluctuations in water levels that occur in the non-navigational months of the year will be reduced leading to potential loss or alteration to wetlands. Furthermore, flow vectors are expected to change within the wetland as shown in Figure 4-6.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-35

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.8.1.3 Mitigation Measures A wetland management plan should be developed to identify management objectives, such as invasive species control.

Given the potential for effects to wetlands and the potential for the introduction of invasive species due to stabilized water levels, operational monitoring is recommended. Monitoring should occur in years 2, 5 and 10. Monitoring should include documenting and comparing existing conditions over the years, including the increase or decrease of wetlands, species composition and structure and the introduction of invasives.

6.8.1.4 Residual Effects This change in hydrology or flow vectors is not expected to result in the loss of any existing wetlands.

As previous water fluctuations occurred during winter drawdown, changes to the composition and structure of the wetland community is not anticipated. It is expected that existing vegetation will not change as they are tolerant to the higher water levels that are currently being maintained during the growing season, furthermore although vectors are anticipated to change the change in velocity is expected to be minimal (<0.25 m/s), Therefore, it is not expected to result in adverse effects to any existing wetlands. It is possible that there may be some species intolerant of the higher water levels; which my lead to a high percentage of the tolerant species (i.e. cattail). Any small transitions are not expected to change the form or function of the current wetland.

6.8.2 Significant Wildlife Habitat

6.8.2.1 Sources of Effects It is proposed to maintain the water levels upstream of the dam at 80.05 m.

6.8.2.2 Potential Effects Changes to wetland communities through hydrological changes or invasive species may impact turtle overwintering habitat, the main contributing factor the Significant Wildlife Habitat designation.

6.8.2.3 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measure expected to be required beyond those described in Section 6.8.1.

6.8.2.4 Residual Effects No residual effects are anticipated 6.9 Aesthetics

6.9.1 Sources of Effects The proposed facility will alter aesthetics from local viewpoints.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-36

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.9.2 Potential Effects The generating station, structures, substations and training wall may disrupt the aesthetic of the Site and reduce the enjoyment of the Site by users.

6.9.3 Mitigation Measures The facility has been designed with a relatively low elevation and the overall footprint has been minimized to the extent possible, which will assist in minimizing the visual impact of the facility. Landscaping may be conducted around the facility to enhance long-term aesthetics. Artistic renderings of the facility will be prepared for presentation to the agencies, as well as the public for review and input into final design. The architectural work will address PCA Operational and Design Principles requirement to construct a power development that will compliment Dam 1 on the TSW.

6.9.4 Residual Effects The generating station and the training wall have the potential to alter the aesthetics of the site. 6.10 Public Safety

6.10.1 Sources of Effects The high-voltage components of the Project can be dangerous. Steep banks (alongside the tailrace channel) can also be a safety concern as well as unauthorized access on the generating station and training wall. Rapid flow changes in the Bypass Reach can occur during unplanned shutdown (see Section 6.15.1). Employees’ safety risk arises from the operation of the generation station.

6.10.2 Potential Effects If unmitigated, safety risks could lead to injury or mortality of the public and employees.

6.10.3 Mitigation Measures To minimize risk to public safety in the Project Area, the following mitigation is proposed:

• Outdoor electrical equipment (Substation) will be fenced and locked.

• Warning signs will be installed on the banks of the Trent River upstream from the safety boom and downstream to notify boaters of entry points which can be used to bypass the facility and resume navigation.

• A sound alarm will alert bystanders prior to transferring flows from the powerhouse to Dam 1 during unplanned shutdown.

• Final fencing and signage requirements at the facility as per CDA standard will be determined during the detailed design of the Project subject to the approval of the PCA Director of Water Power. The intent of fencing would be to minimize access restrictions in the immediate vicinity of the facility while ensuring safety.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-37

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

To minimize risk to employees’ safety in the Project Area, the following mitigation is proposed:

• Completion of safety training program by all workers

• Strict adherence to the Ministry of Labour occupational health and safety regulations pertaining to worker safety

• First aid equipment to be maintained on site

• MSDS’s for any hazardous material used on site to be available close to the location where the material is used and stored

• Implementation of a Spill Prevention and Response Plan

• Spill containment and clean-up materials on site

• Training to deal with spill situations.

6.10.4 Residual Effects There is potential risk to public and employees’ safety that will be mitigated to the extent possible by access restrictions and safety mitigation measures. 6.11 Socio-Economic Environment

6.11.1 Contribution to the Local Economy

6.11.1.1 Sources of Effects The equivalent of up to two full-time local employees will be required to operate the facility. The facility will be remotely operated with periodic checks on operations and performance of maintenance activities.

The Proponent will pay PCA water rental throughout the term of the licence and this revenue is reinvested in the Trent Severn Waterway.

6.11.1.2 Potential Effects The Project will provide additional revenues to PCA. The Project will contribute towards additional revenues to local business.

6.11.1.3 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are not required.

6.11.1.4 Residual Effects The Project will have a positive effect on local economy.

6.11.2 Existing Sidney GS

6.11.2.1 Sources of Effects As discussed in Section 1.7.3, the Project will be operated with a constant upstream level of 80.05 m.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-38

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.11.2.2 Potential Effects Effects on the upstream water level have the potential to affect power generation at Sidney GS, given the reach upstream from the facility is considered to be the tailwater for Sidney GS.

6.11.2.3 Mitigation Measures The Project will be operated as run-of-river facility ensuring that the normal flow regime of the Trent River remains unimpacted.

The Proponent is currently consulting with OPG to identify impacts and mitigation measures to ensure Sidney GS is not adversely affected. The parties have exchanged data and discussed potential effects. The Proponent and OPG will likely enter into an agreement aiming at refining the analysis of effects (1D/2D modelling, bathymetry survey, etc.) and setting the basis to ensure no adverse effect to OPG operations at Sidney GS remains.

6.11.2.4 Residual Effects Subject to an agreement detailing appropriate mitigation measures, there will be no residual adverse effect to the existing Sidney GS. 6.12 Use of Lands and Resources for Traditional Purposes by First Nation

6.12.1 Sources of Effects During engagement sessions, as described in Section 3.5, Indigenous communities have identified aquatic resources (Lake Whitefish, Walleye, Lake Sturgeon and American Eel) as those used for traditional purposes. Sources of effects to these aquatic resources during operation are discussed in Sections 6.4.1 and include facility operation (generation); maintenance of water levels upstream of the dam at 80.05 m; and occupation of the Project footprint within the Trent River as well as changes in flows, levels and velocities within the Bypass Reach.

The high-voltage components of the Project can be dangerous. Steep banks (alongside the tailrace channel) can also be a safety concerns as well as unauthorized access on the generating station and training wall. Rapid flow changes in the Bypass Reach can occur during an unplanned shutdown (see Section 6.15.1). The operation of the proposed development poses potential safety concerns, as the area is known to be used by First Nation community members for river bank fishing.

6.12.2 Potential Effects Operational activities have the potential to directly affect aquatic biota (fish, benthic invertebrates) due to loss/disturbance alteration of aquatic habitat, impingement or entrainment. Operation has the potential to result in serious harm to fish. Effects to Lake Whitefish, Walleye, Lake Sturgeon and American Eel are identified in Sections 6.4.2, 6.4.4, 6.6.1 and 6.6.2, respectively.

If unmitigated, safety risks could lead to injury or mortality of First Nation community members.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-39

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.12.3 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures include the design of the facility, turbine selection, ecological flows within the Bypass Reach and are further described in Sections 6.4.2, 6.4.4, 6.6.1 and 6.6.2.

To minimize risk to the First Nation community members fishing in the vicinity of the Project Area, the following mitigation measures are proposed:

• Outdoor electrical equipment (Substation) will be fenced and locked.

• Warning signs will be installed on the shores of the Trent River upstream from the safety boom and downstream to notify boaters of entry points which can be used to bypass the facility and resume navigation.

• A sound alarm will alert bystanders prior to transferring flows from the powerhouse to Dam 1 during unplanned shutdown.

• Final fencing and signage requirements at the facility will be determined during the detailed design of the Project. The intent of fencing would be to minimize access restrictions in the immediate vicinity of the facility.

6.12.4 Residual Effects Residual effects of Lake Whitefish, Walleye, Lake Sturgeon and American Eel include destruction and alteration of aquatic habitat, impingement or entrainment of fish. Operation has the potential to result in serious harm to fish (as defined in the Fisheries Act). Residual Effects to these species are detailed in Sections 6.4.2, 6.4.4, 6.6.1 and 6.6.2.

Access restriction and the presence of the tailrace channel would prevent fishing being conducted from the eastern bank of the river as discussed in Section 6.14.3. There also remains a potential risk to the safety of First Nation community members’ safety that will be mitigated to the extent possible by access restrictions and safety mitigation measures. 6.13 Use and Enjoyment of Property

6.13.1 Tourism and Recreation

6.13.1.1 Sources of Effects Access in the vicinity of the Project will be restricted for safety reasons. The operation of the facility will result in changes to water levels, velocities and velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI and Downstream ZOI. Potentially hazardous materials such as fuels and lubricants will be transported to, used and stored inside the powerhouse for use during regular maintenance of the facilities.

6.13.1.2 Potential Effects Enjoyment of area in the vicinity of the Project may be reduced. Access in certain areas will be restricted for safety reasons. Fishing is currently frequently conducted from the top of the old structures and the eastern bank of the river. Access restriction and the presence of the

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-40

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

tailrace channel would prevent fishing being conducted from these areas. Land based recreation (on the informal trail network) may also be impacted.

6.13.1.3 Mitigation Measures An informal trail network is currently located on City of Quinte West and Norampac lands. The Proponent will discuss post-construction trail access and realignment with the land owners. If authorized, realignment could ensure access remains possible.

As part of the facility Spill Prevention and Response Plan, the Proponent may have a protocol in place to alert the general public (through measures such as direct stakeholder contacts, signage posted around the Trent River and local media releases) such that, in the event of a significant spill of potential pollutants that could have an adverse effect on health of recreational water users, such users are sufficiently warned of potential health concerns. This will be discussed and agreed upon with PCA. Mitigation implemented in the event of a spill is anticipated to result in low magnitude, short-term effects restricted to the local area.

6.13.1.4 Residual Effects Public use and access in the vicinity of the Project is anticipated to return to that experienced during pre-construction, with the exception of the access restrictions in the immediate vicinity of the proposed facility noted in Section 6.11 and planned pedestrian access over Dam 1 (see Section 6.14.3). Access restriction and the presence of the tailrace channel would prevent fishing being conducted from the eastern bank of the river.

Operation of the facility in the proposed run-of-river manner will not result in any changes to water management Trent River and therefore, operation of the facility will have no general effect on the tourism and recreational resources described in Section 4.2.3. Specific effects related to navigation in the vicinity of the Project are described in Section 6.14.2.

No adverse effects on recreational water quality users (e.g., rowers, canoers, kayakers, fisherman and swimmers) will occur due to operation of the proposed facility. No net adverse effects on surface water quality are anticipated to occur, given the implementation of effective mitigation identified in this DIA. The potential for an accidental release of potential pollutants due to spills and accidents during operation is negligible, given that extensive mitigation measures will be in place to prevent spills and accidents and mitigate the adverse effects of any that do occur.

6.13.2 Navigation

6.13.2.1 Sources of Effects The operation of the generation station will cause a variation in water levels, velocities and velocities vectors on the Upstream ZOI and Downstream ZOI.

6.13.2.2 Potential Effects Upstream levels would be maintained constant year-round at 80.05 m and will not affect navigation. However, an area upstream of Dam 1 and the generating station will be restricted

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-41

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

to access for safety reasons. Negligible variation in water velocities and velocity vectors upstream of Lock 1 are shown on Figure 4-6.

The tailrace channel will be restricted to navigation for safety concerns. Downstream change in water levels, velocities and velocity vectors are shown on Figures 4-7 to 4-27. Changes are generally localized at the outlet of the tailrace channel and in the Bypass Reach where previous navigation is not expected to possible.

6.13.2.3 Mitigation Measures A safety boom will be installed upstream of the facility with the potential for a downstream boom installation evaluated upon final design.

Signage will be installed on the banks of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the facility to alert navigational users to the presence of the facility.

6.13.2.4 Residual Effects No change to water velocities and velocity vectors are anticipated to occur at entrance/exit of Lock 1.

Areas upstream and downstream of the powerhouse will be restricted to navigation for safety reasons; however, the upstream safety concern is an existing concern arising from the presence of Dam 1. Current access within the Downstream ZOI upstream of Lock 1 entrance is limited for power boats and sailboats due to the shallow, turbulent waters.

No adverse residual effects on overall navigation in Trent River are anticipated.

6.13.3 Visitor Education, Experience and Enjoyment at Trenton Lock 1 Dam

6.13.3.1 Sources of Effects The Dam 1 replacement will include combined PCA and Public access. Pedestrian access across the facility will be required to ensure east-west bank connection.

6.13.3.2 Potential Effects Mobility of pedestrian traffic will be improved.

6.13.3.3 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures are required as this effect is considered positive. Safety of the public is addressed in Section 6.11.

6.13.3.4 Residual Effects Access will be improved and pedestrian public will be allowed to travel from one side of the river to the other. Subject to MNRF fishing regulations (Zone 20), Historic Canal Regulations permit fishing from a dam. The residual effect to Visitor Education, Experience and Enjoyment at Trenton Lock 1 Dam is considered positive.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-42

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.14 Accidents and Malfunctions Potential occurrences of accidents and malfunctions include failure of the distribution system, spills and accidental fires. These events are considered highly unlikely, particularly given the rigid design criteria applied to the development of the Project and the health, safety and emergency procedures to be implemented for operation of the facility.

6.14.1 Unplanned Shutdown Failure of the distribution system would isolate the station from the grid, and require it to shut down until distribution line repairs were undertaken. Alternately, a mechanical or electrical fault could require the unplanned shutdown of the generating station.

During an unplanned shutdown event, flow would cease to be discharged by the generation station and the flow would be discharged by Dam 1 in order to maintain upstream water levels. The transition may last up to 10 minutes during which temporary low magnitude increase in upstream water level may be seen.

Velocities and levels in the Bypass Reach would be increased, subject to operating conditions, as an additional volume of water would be discharged in the bypass. During these events, there would be a relatively sudden but temporary change in the conditions of fish habitat and the water depth, thus affecting aquatic biota in the Bypass Reach. As the change would be related to increases in water volume and velocity, it is anticipated that fish would be temporarily transported downstream of the Bypass Reach by the flood conditions, but would not suffer any serious harm. Please refer to Figures 6-8 to 6-10 showing water levels, velocities and velocity vectors in the Bypass Reach before and after unplanned shutdown when the flow in the Trent River is 200 m3/s. The simulation shows a limited increase in water level and an increase on velocities. Modeling would be revised and effects assessed should final design result in use of different gates (different location on Dam 1) to discharge flow during unplanned shutdown.

Figure 6-8 shows an increase in wetted area and an increase in velocities within the Bypass Reach. Effects to fish as a result of an unplanned shutdown vary depending on when the shutdown may occur. The worst-case scenario (in terms of adverse effects) is thought to be if the shutdown where to occur during the spawning period of a VEC species as this may lead to the movement of incubating eggs, or possibly result in fish depositing eggs in areas currently wetted that may be de-watered when operations are continued. Neither is considered likely with the possible exception of Lake Whitefish, as this species incubation time occurs throughout the winter, lengthening the timeframe where incubating eggs may be affected. As shown in Figure 6-9 shutdown velocity increases only occur within the upper portions of the spawning area (expected during facility operation) of Lake Whitefish, meaning the downstream area would remain unaffected. Furthermore, any downstream movement of incubating eggs would likely remain within suitable egg incubation areas. Sediment transport and scouring are discussed in Sections 6.3.1.2.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-43

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

With regard to Public Safety, any sudden changes to the water velocities, depths and vectors are expected to be limited to area either isolated through the use of booms or within the signed areas. Signage will include warnings of unexpected and severe changes to water levels and flows. Sound alarm will be used during load rejection.

Mitigation measure could include timing the discharge of incremental flow in the bypass in a controlled and progressive way. This could likely be achieved under most conditions while maintaining upstream level within accepted range. Figure 6-11 shows an example of strategy to transfer flow in a controlled and progressive way. In this case, upstream level reaches 80.25 m after 5 minutes – well below the flood limit (O. Reg 163/06) – and decreases back to 80.05 m after 20 minutes. The flow transfer can be established in many ways aiming at limiting fluctuation of the upstream levels while ensuring public safety and effects on VECs.

Additionally, the Proponent will implement standard and prudent practices regarding the regular maintenance and testing of generating station’s equipment in order to reduce chances of unplanned shutdowns.

6.14.2 Spills

6.14.2.1 Sources of Effects There are numerous activities during operations and maintenance that involve the use or transfer of petroleum hydrocarbons. These include, for example: use of fuels and other petroleum hydrocarbons by all vehicles and removal and transfer of transformer oils. There are no operations and/or maintenance requirements anticipated that would result in a discharge of sediment into the aquatic environment, including sediment release from bank vegetation restoration. Monitoring of restored bank vegetation following construction, as identified in Section 7, will continue through operations and maintenance.

6.14.2.2 Potential Effects Spills of such materials within the Trent River or on the adjacent terrestrial lands could potentially result in water, soil, groundwater and/or sediment contamination leading to potential adverse effects on water, soil, groundwater, sediment quality, aquatic environment, wildlife, vegetation, wetland and SAR due to spills will occur.

6.14.2.3 Mitigation Measures A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented with training provided to all operators. The plan will specify that, in the event of a reportable spill at the facility, the Proponent will concurrently notify PCA and MOECC while taking action to minimize potential for effects on the environment...

In the event of a spill, the following procedures are to be followed:

• activation of the Spill Control and Response Plan

• control/contain the spill

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-44

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• clean up the spill immediately

• advise Proponent’s General Manager and MOECC Spill Response Centre

• document actions taken.

To minimize the potential for a spill the following procedures will be in place:

• Operating staff will be trained in proper implementation of the Spill Prevention and Response Plan.

• A handling procedure for proper use and storage of contaminating materials will be developed and all staff, including contractors will be trained in its implementation.

• All hazardous materials stored in designated containment areas, leak-proof containers within bermed storage areas or on containment pallets inside the powerhouse.

• Spill containment materials are to be maintained in the powerhouse at all times and staff will be trained in their use and clean-up.

• A chemical handling procedure will be developed for use at the facility and all staff, including contractors will be trained in its implementation. The procedure will specify measures that must be followed to prevent spills and response procedures in the event of a spill, including notification requirements.

• Maintenance activities near water (i.e., on the powerhouse deck or land adjacent to the powerhouse) using hazardous materials (paints, lubricants, etc.) will utilize appropriate, current and up to date procedures to avoid adverse effects on surface water quality.

• An oil-water separator will be installed in the main sump of the powerhouse in order to contain any fluids accidentally spilled or leaked within the powerhouse.

• The main station transformer, which will be situated on the east bank adjacent to the powerhouse, will contain transformer oil. Secondary containment facility will be constructed around the transformer, likely consisting of concrete basin capable of holding the entire liquid contents of the transformer.

6.14.2.4 Residual Effects With effective mitigation, it is anticipated that no adverse effect on water, soil, groundwater, sediment quality, aquatic environment, wildlife, vegetation, wetland and SAR due to spills will occur. The occurrence of a spill is considered to have a low potential. The effects would be local in extent, minor in magnitude, short-term in duration and generally mitigable through the implementation of measures described above.

6.14.3 Accidental Fires Fires can occur during operation and maintenance activities when a flame is required, for example, when welding, or develops as a spark on mechanical equipment.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-45

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

An Emergency Preparedness Response Plan will be developed to document the procedures to be followed at the facilities in response to a fire. The Plan will outline responsibilities and procedures to be followed by the observer, immediate supervisor, operator, and incident coordinator. The Plan will also identify personal protective equipment that should be worn when dealing with clean-up/ decontamination following fires.

The frequency of occurrence would be low given the requirements to monitor all activities that could result in a fire. The effects tend to be local in extent, minor in magnitude, short-term in duration; however, there is the potential for an event that could result in effects that are large in magnitude. The implementation of measures described above, are intended to reduce the risk. 6.15 Facility Decommissioning The lifetime of the Project is expected to be more than 40 years. It is not uncommon for hydroelectric generating stations to operate for more than 100 years. At that time, if continued operation of the facility is deemed impractical, infeasible or uneconomical, the Project may be retired in accordance with the conditions of the DWPA Approval. Should the facilities or part of the facilities require removal, rehabilitation of the site would be necessary. If facility decommissioning is to occur, an environmental assessment process based on the environmental knowledge, standards, and legislative requirements in place at that time would need to be undertaken as required and all necessary permits and approvals would have to be obtained prior to implementation of the decommissioning. 6.16 Summary of Operational Effects and Mitigation The operational effects, proposed mitigation measures and residual effects are summarized in Table 6-16.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-46

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 6-16: Summary of Potential Effects and Mitigation during Operation Phase

VEC SUB-VEC Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Air Quality It is anticipated that a Emissions of the by-products of • Air emissions from the backup diesel generator will meet MOECC point source emissions Minor air quality deterioration is possible back-up diesel generator diesel fuel combustion, including standards when emergency generator is operating. will be installed in the fine particulate matter, SO2, NOx, • Generator will only be run when required (i.e., during periodic, low frequency testing or during powerhouse or in the CO2, volatile organic carbons and emergency power outages) substation to provide polyaromatic hydrocarbons. • Maintenance will be conducted on diesel generator to meet supplier’s requirements emergency power in the event of a local power outage.

Noise Temporary and Equipment located inside Increased noise and vibration • The Proponent will ensure that acoustic insulation noise reducing equipment is used wherever The facility will comply with relevant permanent noise the powerhouse (turbine, levels in the Local Study Area and appropriate (insulated enclosure, silencer, etc.) legislation governing noise emissions and impacts to nearby generators, hydraulic may affect neighbouring business • The Proponent will be required to ensure the Project is operated in compliance with provincial no negative residual effects are resident power units, etc.) and and residents. regulations relevant to community noise anticipated. outside the powerhouse • Once the Project components are finalized (i.e. noise generating equipment), the Proponent will (transformer, back-up complete the Secondary Screening form, required to meet the Secondary Noise Screening Method diesel generator, etc.) will and supporting documentation will be completed and retained generate noise when in operation. . Hydrological Water Quality Fuels, lubricants and Spills of such materials within the • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be developed and implemented during operation. See With effective mitigation, negative residual Resources other hazardous Trent River or on the adjacent mitigation measures described in Pollution / Spills section below. effects on water quality due to spills are not materials will be used terrestrial lands could potentially anticipated. and stored on site during result in water contamination. operation

The operation of the increase in velocities on the • The tailrace channel outlet has been designed to limit the hydraulic jump (increase in velocity) via Substrate composition in the area Project will cause eastern bank in the Upstream ZOI flaring end gradually reaching natural riverbed elevation immediately upstream of the intake will localized modification of due to the presence of the intake • Monitoring will be conducted to assess sediment transport in critical areas (upstream from intake experience increases in velocity when water levels, water channel resulting in potential channel and alongside the training wall) for a period of 10 years (as per direction from the Director compared to the existing conditions and velocities and water increase in sediment transport. In of Water Power or any other timeframe as required by permit(s), see Section 9) may result in increased sediment velocity vectors. Areas addition, reduction in velocities in • If significant sediment transport is occurring, remedial measures will be implemented as required. transport. subject to variations the Downstream ZOI and localized Remedial requirements would be determined in consultation with PCA and permits and approvals The increase in localized velocities near include areas nearby the increase in velocities at the end of would be obtained prior to the work (as necessary) the tailrace channel outlet is expected to intake channel, the the tailrace channel resulting in change substrates from the existing sands training wall and the changes to sediment transport and gravels to bedrock, boulder and tailrace channel outlet. regime. cobble, dependent on construction and material placement.

Upstream water level will Modifications to water levels and • Grade disturbed slopes to a stable angle as soon as possible after disturbance to eliminate With effective mitigation, bank erosion is not be maintained constant velocities could cause bank potential slumping; anticipated. at 80.05 m during erosion. • Revegetate or stabilize exposed sites as soon as possible after they have been disturbed, using operation. Levels, quick growing annual grasses or other native vegetation. Where revegetation is not possible other velocities and velocity erosion protection methods, such as riprapping, bioengineering, or erosion matting are to be used; vectors will be impacted • Monitoring will be conducted to assess bank stability and erosion in the headpond, alongside the in the Upstream ZOI and intake and tailrace channel and downstream from the tailrace channel for a period of 10 years (as Downstream ZOI. per direction from the Director of Water Power or any other timeframe as required by permit(s), see

Section 9) • If significant erosion is occurring, remedial measures will be implemented as required. Remediation could potentially include structural works such as bioengineering, which would be a preferred method of remediation, or installation of riprap or other bank hardening measures to arrest ongoing erosion. Remedial requirements would be determined in consultation with PCA and permits and approvals would be obtained prior to the work (as necessary)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-47

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC SUB-VEC Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Surface Water Operation of the Project Operation of the Project will result • During unplanned shut-down, any sudden changes to the water velocities, depths and vectors are Operation of the Project will result in Hydrology and will result in changes to in changes to water levels, expected to be limited to area either isolated through the use of booms or within the signed areas. changes to water levels, velocities and Hydraulics water levels, velocities velocities and velocity vectors in Signage will include warnings of unexpected and severe changes to water levels and flows. Sound velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI and and velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI and alarm will be used during load rejection. Downstream ZOI. the Upstream ZOI and Downstream ZOI. • Mitigation measures could include timing the discharge of incremental flow in the bypass in a Downstream ZOI. controlled and progressive way. This could likely be achieved under most conditions while maintaining upstream level within accepted range. Figure 6-11 shows an example of strategy to During an unplanned transfer flow in a controlled and progressive way. In this case, upstream level reaches 80.25 m after shutdown event, flow 5 minutes – well below the flood limit (O. Reg 163/06) – and decreases back to 80.05 m after 20 would cease to be minutes. The flow transfer can be established in many ways aiming at limiting fluctuation of the discharged by the upstream levels while ensuring public safety and effects on VECs. generation station and • Additionally, the Proponent will implement standard and prudent practices regarding the regular the flow would be maintenance and testing of generating station’s equipment in order to reduce chances of discharged by Dam 1 in unplanned shutdowns. order to maintain upstream water levels. Water Intakes, Wells, The generating station Adverse effects on drinking water • Implement a Spill Prevention and Response Plan (See Section 6.9.1.3) No residual adverse effects on drinking Sewers and Septic will be operating in close quality may occur due to the • The two (2) water intakes will be embedded in the intake channel at a deeper setting ensuring water quality will occur due to the operation Systems vicinity of the Quinte operation of the proposed facility. adequate submergence at all time. of the proposed facility. West Water Treatment • Additionally, the water intake position (vertical face, parallel to the flow) will prevent accumulation of Plant. sediment over the water intakes Aquatic Environment General – Fish The diversion of flow Mortality due to entrainment and • Intake designed to limit velocity to 1 m/s There is a residual negative effect (fish Entrainment and through the intake impingement • 120 mm trashrack spacing to restrict access and act as a visual barrier mortality) as a result of entrainment and Mortality channel and the impingement during operation which cannot • Selection of a large low head and low RPM fish friendly turbine powerhouse combined be completely mitigated. with the presence of a trashrack may cause entrainment, impingement and mortality. General – Changes in It is proposed to maintain Fluctuations in water levels that • No mitigation measures required. Proposed modifications (stabilization) of Upstream Water Level the water levels occur in the non-navigational upstream water levels are not anticipated to upstream of the dam at months of the years will be limited. have any negative residual effects on 80.05 m. aquatic biota as no change in species composition and/or lifecycle processes are expected to result from the proposed stabilization of the water levels.

General – Upstream Upstream fish passage is Upstream movement of invasive • Mitigation measures are not proposed as upstream passage is highly improbable. No negative residual effects are anticipated. Movement of Invasive currently possible species Based on the findings Round Goby may Species through Lock 1. Although possess the ability to swim up the predicted highly improbable, current during low flow periods, however invasive species may turbulence, blade strike and fatigue would attempt to move be expected to eliminate the potential for upstream through the upstream movement. Round Goby are powerhouse. known to inhabit both upstream and downstream reaches of Trenton Lock 1 Dam. Accordingly, no adverse residual effects are anticipated.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-48

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC SUB-VEC Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect General – Habitat Invasive species with Minimal potential for improvement • No mitigating measures are proposed. Based on the habitat preference of all Supporting Invasive habitat requirements of habitat supporting invasive identified species, compared to the existing Species matching that of the species. habitat within the Downstream ZOI to Local Study Area are Although Round Goby is expected determine if suitable habitat was present potentially occurring to occupy the entire area, some and identify a net increase, or decrease in studies (Cooper et al. 2009) have suitable the Local Study Area. No residual shown that Round Goby prefer adverse effects are anticipated. deeper waters in Great Lakes coastal areas. It is anticipated that Round Goby may inhabit the tailrace area depending on food availability. It is also possible the reduction in water depths within the bypass may reduce Round Goby suitability lowering population densities. If this were to occur it would be beneficial to the Channel Darter. General – Benthic Changes in wetted area Long-term reductions in wetted • Design of the Project to reduce the footprint of the powerhouse, training wall and tailrace channel to No residual adverse effects are anticipated. Invertebrates within the Bypass Reach width would be expected to reduce greatest extent possible during design phase prior to construction. and changes in the available quality and quantity of • An ecological flow will be discharged over Dam 1 to mitigate potential effects to downstream habitat tailrace/intake substrates benthic invertebrate habitat, thus and biota. affecting aquatic and terrestrial species which rely on benthic productivity. General – Downstream Water depth, water Operation of the powerhouse has • Minimum ecological flow of 10 m³/s Up to 5,097 m2 of fish habitat temporarily Habitat and Biota velocities and water the potential to result in serious • Flared end of tailrace for velocity dissipation and dispersion altered due to operation of the Project. velocity vectors are harm to fish. Potential effects to expected to change in fish include: impact on health the Bypass Reach and and/or behavior, loss of habitat and within and in the vicinity habitat alteration. of the tailrace channel outlet.

Failure of the distribution Rapid level and velocity variation in • Mitigation measure could include timing the discharge of incremental flow in the bypass reach in a No negative residual effects are anticipated. system would isolate the the Bypass Reach. controlled and progressive way. station from the grid, • Additionally, the Proponent will implement standard and prudent practices regarding the regular and require it to shut maintenance and testing of generating station’s equipment in order to reduce chances of down until distribution unplanned shutdowns line repairs were undertaken. Alternately, a mechanical or electrical fault could require the unplanned shutdown of the generating station.

Lake Whitefish See sources of effects in Operation of the powerhouse has • Minimum ecological flow of 10 m³/s Temporary alteration of spawning habitat of Aquatic Environment / the potential to result in serious • Flared end of tailrace for velocity dissipation and dispersion Lake Whitefish General. harm to. Potential effects to fish Cisco (Lake Herring) include: impact on health and/or Temporary alteration of Cisco spawning habitat

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-49

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC SUB-VEC Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Walleye behavior, loss of habitat and Temporary alteration of general and habitat alteration. spawning habitat of Walleye Wildlife General It is proposed to maintain Fluctuations in water levels that • Maintaining water levels within the normal operational levels will ensure hydrological changes to the No residual adverse effects to wildlife the water levels occur in the non-navigational upstream ZOI will not differ significantly than previous years. habitat are expected. upstream of the dam at months of the years will be limited • Stabilization should reduce the potential for amphibian eggs to become de-watered or stranded due 80.05 m. leading to potential alteration of to a sudden drop in water levels and to a lesser extent reptile nest on shore to become flooded wildlife (including reptiles and through a sudden rise in water levels. amphibians) habitat. SAR American Eel See sources of effects in Potential effects include See mitigation measures in Aquatic Environment/General. Temporary alteration of general American Aquatic Environment / entrainment or impingement as Eel habitat. General. well as temporary alteration of Lake Sturgeon general habitat within the Temporary alteration of general and downstream ZOI. spawning habitat for Lake Sturgeon. River Redhorse Temporary Alteration of general and spawning habitat for River Redhorse. Blanding’s Turtle, The operation will result Traffic during the operational • Vehicle speed limits will be implemented to minimize the potential for mortality of transient species. No residual effects are anticipated. Eastern Musk Turtle, in a small increase in phase of the facility also has the Norther Map Turtle and vehicle traffic within the potential to result in turtle injury or Snapping Turtle Project Area. mortality through vehicle collisions. The diversion of flow Mortality or injury due to • Intake designed to limit velocity to 1 m/s Injury or mortality due to impingement and through the intake entrainment and impingement. • 120 mm trashrack spacing to restrict access and act as a visual barrier entrainment. channel and the powerhouse combined with the presence of a trashrack may cause entrainment, impingement and mortality. Vegetation Invasive Species It is proposed to maintain Invasive species potentially • No mitigation measures are propose given no changes to invasive vegetation populations are No negative residual effects anticipated. the water levels occurring in the ZOI may anticipated. upstream of the dam at experience in increase or decrease 80.05 m in habitat suitability Natural Heritage Wetlands It is proposed to maintain Fluctuations in water levels that • A wetland management plan should be developed to identify management objectives, such as No residual effects anticipated Features the water levels occur in the non-navigational invasive species control. upstream of the dam at months of the years will be limited • Given the potential for effects to wetlands and the potential for the introduction of invasive species 80.05 m leading to potential loss or due to stabilized water levels, operational monitoring is recommended. Monitoring should occur in alteration to wetlands years 2, 5 and 10. Monitoring should include documenting and comparing existing conditions over the years, including the increase or decrease of wetlands, species composition and structure and the introduction of invasives. Significant Wildlife It is proposed to maintain Changes to wetland communities • A wetland management plan should be developed to identify management objectives, such as No residual effects anticipated Habitat the water levels through hydrological changes or invasive species control. upstream of the dam at invasive species. • Given the potential for effects to wetlands and the potential for the introduction of invasive species 80.05 m due to stabilized water levels, operational monitoring is recommended. Monitoring should occur in years 2, 5 and 10. Monitoring should include documenting and comparing existing conditions over the years, including the increase or decrease of wetlands, species composition and structure and the introduction of invasives.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-50

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC SUB-VEC Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Pollution Spills Daily operation of the Potential for adverse effects on • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented during operation. The plan will specify With effective mitigation, it is anticipated powerhouse may water, groundwater and soil quality that, in the event of a significant spill at the facility, Proponent will take action to minimize potential that no adverse effect on water, soil, increase the likelihood of for effects on recreational users. The response will be dependent on the magnitude of the spill. In groundwater or sediment quality due to accidents and spills the event of a significant spill, Proponent will notify recreational water quality users via suitable spills will occur. occurring in the area. methods such as direct stakeholder contacts (with recreational groups), posting of signage around Potentially hazardous Potential for adverse effect on With effective mitigation, no negative aquatic environment, wildlife, Trent River and/or media releases subject to agreement with PCA residual effects are anticipated. materials such as fuels • Operating staff trained in proper implementation of the Spill Prevention and Response Plan and lubricants will be vegetation, wetland and SAR due • A handling procedure for proper use and storage of contaminating materials will be developed and transported to, used and to spills of potential pollutants. all staff, including contractors will be trained in its implementation stored inside the • powerhouse for use All hazardous materials stored in designated containment areas, leak-proof containers within during regular bermed storage areas or on containment pallets inside the powerhouse. maintenance of the • Spill containment materials are to be maintained in the powerhouse at all times and staff will be facilities. Additionally, the trained in their use and clean-up. main transformer located • A chemical handling procedure will be developed for use at the facility and all staff, including inside the substation may contractors will be trained in its implementation. The procedure will specify measures that must be contain oil. followed to prevent spills and response procedures in the event of a spill, including notification requirements. • Maintenance activities near water (i.e., on the powerhouse deck or land adjacent to the powerhouse) using hazardous materials (paints, lubricants, etc.) will utilize appropriate procedures to avoid adverse effects on surface water quality. • An oil-water separator will be installed in the main sump of the powerhouse in order to contain any fluids accidentally spilled or leaked within the powerhouse. • The main station transformer, which will be situated on the east bank adjacent to the powerhouse, will contain transformer oil. Secondary containment facilities will be constructed around the transformer, likely consisting of concrete containment capable of holding the entire liquid contents of the transformer. Aesthetics The proposed facility will The generating station and training • The facility has been designed with a relatively low elevation and the overall footprint has been The generating station and the training wall alter aesthetics from local wall may disrupt the aesthetic of minimized to the extent possible, which will assist in minimizing the visual impact of the facility have the potential to alter the aesthetics of viewpoints. the Site and reduce the enjoyment • Landscaping may be conducted around the facility to enhance long-term aesthetics. Artistic the Site. of the Site by user. renderings of the facility will be prepared for presentation to the agencies, as well as the public for review and input into final design Public Safety The high-voltage If unmitigated, safety risks could • Outdoor electrical equipment (Substation) will be fenced and locked There is potential risk to public safety that components of the lead to injury or mortality. • Warning signs will be installed on the banks of the Trent River upstream from the safety boom and will be mitigated to the extent possible by Project can be downstream to notify boaters of entry points which can be used to bypass the facility and resume access restrictions and safety mitigation dangerous. Steep banks navigation measures. (alongside the tailrace • A sound alarm will alert bystanders prior to transferring flows from the powerhouse to Dam 1 during channel) can be a safety Access restriction and the presence of the unplanned shutdown concerns as well as tailrace channel would prevent fishing from • unauthorized access on Final fencing and signage requirements at the facility will be determined during the detailed design the eastern bank of the river. the generating station of the Project. The intent of fencing would be to minimize public access restrictions in the and training wall. Rapid immediate vicinity of the facility flow changes in the • Additionally, the Proponent will implement standard and prudent practices regarding the regular Bypass Reach can be maintenance and testing of generating station’s equipment in order to reduce chances of causes during unplanned unplanned shutdowns stoppage.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-51

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC SUB-VEC Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect Employees’ safety risk If unmitigated, safety risks could • Completion of safety training program by all workers There is potential risk to employees’ safety arises from the operation lead to injury or mortality • Strict adherence to the Ministry of Labour occupational health and safety regulations pertaining to that will be mitigated to the extent possible of the generation station. employees. worker safety by access restrictions and safety mitigation measures. • First aid equipment to be maintained on site • MSDS’s for any hazardous material used on site to be available close to the location where the material is used and stored • An accident and emergency spill response plan • Spill containment and clean-up materials on site • Training to deal with spill situations Socio-Economic Contribution to the local The equivalent of up to The Project will provide additional • No mitigation is required. The Project will have a positive effect on Environment economy two full-time local revenues to PCA. The Project will local economy. employees will be contribute towards additional required to operate the revenues to local business. facility The Project will be paying water rights to PCA throughout operation of the Project. Existing OPG’s Sidney Facility operation with a Effects on the upstream water level • The Project will be operated as run-of-river project ensuring that the normal flow regime of the Trent Subject to an agreement detailing Generating Station constant upstream level have the potential to affect power River remains unimpacted appropriate mitigation measures, there will of 80.05 m. generation at Sidney GS, since the • The Proponent is currently consulting with OPG to identify impacts and mitigation measures to be no residual impact. reach upstream from the facility is ensure Sidney GS is not adversely affected considered to be the tailwater for Sidney GS. Use of Lands and Resources for Traditional Sources of effects to Operational activities have the Mitigation measures include are further described in Sections 6.4.2, 6.4.4 and 6.6.2 and include: Residual effects on Lake Whitefish, Purposes by First Nation aquatic resources used potential to directly affect aquatic • Intake designed to limit velocity to 1 m/s Walleye, Lake Sturgeon and American Eel for traditional purposes biota (fish, benthic invertebrates) • 120 mm trashrack spacing to restrict access and act as a visual barrier include alteration of aquatic habitat, (Lake Whitefish, Walleye, due to loss/ alteration of aquatic impingement or entrainment of fish. • Selection of a large low head and low RPM fish friendly turbine Lake Sturgeon and habitat, impingement or Operation has the potential to result in • American Eel) during entrainment. Effects to Lake Minimum ecological flow of 10 m³/s serious harm to fish. operation include facility Whitefish, Walleye, American Eel • Flared end of tailrace for velocity dissipation and dispersion operation; maintenance and Lake Sturgeon are identified in of water levels upstream Section 6.4.2, 6.4.4, 6.6.1 and of the dam at 80.05 m; 6.6.2, respectively. changes in levels and velocities within the Bypass Reach.

The high-voltage If unmitigated, safety risks could • Outdoor electrical equipment (Substation) will be fenced and locked. Access restriction and the presence of the components of the lead to injury or mortality. tailrace channel would prevent fishing from • Warning signs will be installed on the shores of the Trent River upstream from the safety boom and Project can be the east bank of the river. downstream to notify boaters of entry points which can be used to bypass the facility and resume dangerous. Steep banks There also remains a potential safety risk navigation. (alongside the tailrace that will be mitigated to the extent possible channel) can also be a • A sound alarm will alert bystanders prior to transferring flows from the powerhouse to Dam 1 during by access restrictions and safety mitigation safety concerns as well unplanned shutdown. measures. as unauthorized access • Final fencing and signage requirements at the facility will be determined during the detailed design on the generating station of the Project. The intent of fencing would be to minimize access restrictions in the immediate and training wall. Rapid vicinity of the facility. flow changes in the Bypass Reach can occur during an unplanned

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-52

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC SUB-VEC Sources of Effect Potential Effect Mitigation Measures Residual Effect shutdown (see Section 6.15.1). Use and enjoyment Tourism and Access in the vicinity of Enjoyment of area in the vicinity of • An informal trail network is currently located on City of Quinte West and Norampac lands. The Access restriction and the presence of the of Property Recreation the Project will be the Project may be reduced. Proponent will discuss post-construction trail access and realignment with the land owners. If tailrace channel would prevent fishing being restricted for safety Access on the powerhouse and authorized, realignment could ensure access remains possible. conducted from the eastern bank of the reasons. The operation alongside the east bank will be • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be implemented, As part of the facility Spill Control and River. of the facility will result in restricted for safety reasons. Response Plan, the Proponent may have a protocol in place to alert the general public (through changes to water levels, Fishing is frequently conducted measures such as direct stakeholder contacts, signage posted around the Trent River and local velocities and velocity from the top of the old structures media releases) such that, in the event of a significant spill of potential pollutants that could have an vectors in the Upstream and the east bank of the River. adverse effect on health of recreational water users, such users are sufficiently warned of potential ZOI and Downstream Access restriction and the health concerns ZOI. Potentially presence of the intake and tailrace hazardous materials channel would prevent fishing from such as fuels and these areas. lubricants will be transported to, used and stored inside the powerhouse for use during regular maintenance of the facilities. Navigation The operation of the Upstream levels would be • A safety boom will be installed upstream and/or downstream from the facility. No negative residual effects to overall generation station will maintained constant year-round at • Signage will be installed on the banks of the Trent River upstream and downstream from the facility navigation in Trent River are anticipated. cause a variation in water 80.05 m and would not be to alert navigational users to the presence of the facility levels, velocities and impacting navigation. However, an velocities vectors on the area upstream of Dam 1 and the Upstream ZOI and generating station will be restricted Downstream ZOI. to access for safety reasons. The tailrace channel will be restricted to navigation for safety concerns. Changes are generally localized at the outlet of the tailrace channel and in the Bypass Reach. Visitor education, The Dam 1 replacement Mobility of pedestrian traffic will be • No mitigation measures are required. Access will be improved and pedestrian experience and will include combined improved. public will be allowed to travel from one side enjoyment at Trenton PCA/Public access. of the River to the other. Lock 1 Dam Pedestrian access There is a positive residual effect. across the facility will be required to ensure east- west bank connection is maintained.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-53

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.17 Significance of Residual Effects A determination of the significance of any residual effects after mitigation is required. The determination of significance is based on CEA Agency’s Determining Whether a Project is Likely to Cause Significant Environmental Effects (FEARO, 1994).

To meet the provincial and federal requirements, the following significance criteria were used to identify the significance of the residual effects:

• value or importance of the resource affected

• magnitude of the effect

• geographic extent or distribution of the effect

• duration or frequency of the effect

• reversibility of the effect

• ecological/social context of the effect.

Significance of effects criteria and level are defined in Table 2-1. The evaluation of the significance of the residual adverse effects during the operation phase is presented in Table 6-17. The majority of the residual adverse effects are localized and the resources are not unique.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-54

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 6-17: Assessment of the Significance of the Residual Adverse Effects during Operation

Sub VEC Value/ Magnitude of Geographic Duration/ Ecological/ Likelihood VEC Residual Adverse Effect Irreversibility Significance Importance Effect Extent Frequency Social Fragility of Effect Air Quality Minor air quality deterioration High – local air Low – negligible High – Low– Reversible – airborne Low– negligible to High – some low is possible when emergency quality is emissions will be emissions generator will contaminants will eventually infrequent use of diesel magnitude generator is operating. important to local in excess of could be be used settle out and restore air generator airborne residents and baseline transported infrequently quality conditions emissions will wildlife conditions but will outside Project and for short occur throughout Not Significant meet regulatory Area, but would durations the duration of criteria likely be at non- during construction measurable operational during generator concentrations period use Hydrological Water Quality Substrate composition in the High - Sediment Moderate - Moderate - High - The Irreversible - The existing Moderate - environment Moderate – there Resources area immediately upstream and sediment Predicted Predicted altered sediment transport regime within the Local Study is a moderate of the intake will experience transport play an changes to the changes to the sediment could be restored following Area is considered to probability that the increases in velocity when important role in long-term sediment transport decommissioning of the have a Moderate fragility predicted effect compared to the existing maintaining sediment transport regime will proposed facility; however, to changes in the will occur. conditions and may result in aquatic habitat transport regime regime may occur life of facility is 40+ years sediment transport increased sediment will exceed extend beyond continuously and decommissioning regime Not Significant transport. baseline the Project throughout the unlikely. conditions, but Area operations are not period, anticipated to be of high magnitude. The increase in localized High - Sediment Moderate - Moderate - High - The Irreversible - The existing Moderate - environment Moderate – there velocities near the tailrace and sediment Predicted Predicted altered sediment transport regime within the Local Study is a moderate channel outlet is expected to transport play a changes to the changes to the sediment could be restored following Area is considered to probability that the change substrates from the very important long-term sediment transport decommissioning of the have a Moderate fragility predicted effect existing sands and gravels to role in sediment transport regime will proposed facility; however, to changes in the will occur bedrock, boulder and cobble, maintaining transport regime regime may occur life of facility is 40+ years sediment transport depending on Not Significant dependent on construction aquatic habitat will exceed extend beyond continuously and decommissioning regime construction and and material placement. baseline the Project throughout the unlikely. material conditions, but Area operations placement. are not period anticipated to be of high magnitude Surface Water Operation of the Project will High – water Moderate – within Low – Effects High – Life of Reversible – Through High – Navigation as High – changes in Hydrology and result in changes to water levels, velocities normal operation will occur within Facility Bypass flow management, well as CRA and SAR hydraulics and Hydraulics levels, velocities and velocity and velocity levels, however ZOI during times of high flows populations are hydrology are vectors in the Upstream ZOI vectors are velocities and important to the Trent necessary for and Downstream ZOI important for velocity vectors Severn Waterway. Project viability Not Significant navigation as will change. well as other VECs such as SAR. Aquatic General – Entrainment Fish mortality as a result of High - fish Moderate – High – extends High – Life of Irreversible – Upon High – CRA and SAR Low – Design Environment and Impingement entrainment and populations in mitigation through to Extended Facility decommissioning; however, populations could be mitigation Not Significant impingement during Trent River are design to extent Study Area life of facility is 40+ years affected implemented operation which cannot be important to local practicable. and decommissioning completely mitigated. fisherman, and unlikely. include SAR

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-55

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub VEC Value/ Magnitude of Geographic Duration/ Ecological/ Likelihood VEC Residual Adverse Effect Irreversibility Significance Importance Effect Extent Frequency Social Fragility of Effect 2 General – Up to 5,097 m of fish habitat Moderate – Moderate – Low – Habitat High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate – aquatic High – Design Downstream Habitat temporarily altered due to General Habitat Exceeds baseline loss/ alteration Facility (+40 decommissioning; however, habitat has no resilience and run of river and Biota operation of the Project. for non VEC or (existing) localized to the years) life of facility is 40+ years and to loss due to operation species-at-risk is conditions immediate decommissioning unlikely. operations, general fish proposed will Not significant protected by area. populations likely result in noted DFO resilient to habitat effects. loss/alteration Lake Whitefish Temporary alteration of High – Spawning High – 60% of High – High – Life of Reversible – Through Moderate –aquatic High – Design Presently spawning habitat of Lake habitat is critical existing, mapped Alteration Facility Bypass flow management, habitat has some and run of river Concluded to be Whitefish. to lifecycle needs spawning habitat localized to the during times of high flows resilience to change due operation Significant – for this VEC anticipated to be Downstream to operations, population proposed will Agency discussion species temporarily ZOI, potential likely resilient to effects result in noted regarding altered. effects of habitat loss/alteration effects. offsetting is extending required. beyond 500 m of Project Area to Extended Study Area. Cisco (Lake Herring) Temporary alteration of Cisco High – Spawning Low – net Low –Alteration High – Life of Reversible – Through Low – Spawning habitat High – Design spawning habitat. habitat is critical increase in localized to the Facility Bypass flow management, expected to be created and run of river to lifecycle needs spawning habitat Downstream during times of high flows as a result of operations. operation Not significant for this VEC ZOI, proposed will species result in noted effects. Walleye Temporary alteration of High – Spawning Moderate – <8% High – High – Life of Reversible – Through Moderate –alteration of High – Design Presently general and spawning habitat habitat is critical of existing, Alteration Facility Bypass flow management, aquatic habitat has and run of river Concluded to be of Walleye to lifecycle needs mapped spawning localized to the during times of high flows some resilience to operation Significant – for this VEC habitat anticipated Downstream change due to proposed will Agency discussion species to be temporarily ZOI, potential operations, population result in noted regarding altered. effects to the likely resilient to effects effects. offsetting is species of habitat loss/alteration required. extending beyond 500 m of Project Area to Extended Study Area. SAR American Eel Temporary alteration of High – American Low- Effects High – High – Life of Reversible – Through Moderate –alteration of High – Design Presently general American Eel Eel are a SAR in represents a Alteration Facility Bypass flow management, aquatic habitat has and run of river Concluded to be habitat. Ontario temporary localized to the during times of high flows some resilience to operation Significant – reduction in Upstream and change due to proposed will Agency available habitat Downstream operations, population result in noted discussions ZOI, potential likely resilient to effects effects. regarding population of habitat loss/alteration significance is effects required. extending beyond Extended Study Area. River Redhorse Temporary alteration of High – Complete High – 34% of High – High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate –alteration of High – Design Presently general and spawning habitat life cycle and existing, mapped Alteration Facility decommissioning; however, aquatic habitat has and run of river Concluded to be for River Redhorse. resident potential spawning habitat localized to the life of facility is 40+ years some resilience to operation Significant –

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-56

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub VEC Value/ Magnitude of Geographic Duration/ Ecological/ Likelihood VEC Residual Adverse Effect Irreversibility Significance Importance Effect Extent Frequency Social Fragility of Effect within disrupted anticipated to be Downstream and decommissioning change due to proposed will Agency area temporarily ZOI. unlikely. operations, result in noted discussions altered. Geographic effects. regarding extent of offsetting is species required. impacted (Local, Bay of Quinte) Lake Sturgeon Temporary alteration of High – Spawning High – 66% of High – High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate –alteration of High – Design Presently general and spawning habitat habitat is critical existing, mapped Alteration Facility decommissioning; however, aquatic habitat has and run of river Concluded to be for Lake Sturgeon to lifecycle needs spawning habitat localized to the life of facility is 40+ years some resilience to operation Significant – for this VEC anticipated to be Downstream and decommissioning change due to proposed will Agency species temporarily ZOI. unlikely. operations, result in noted Discussions altered. Geographic effects. regarding extent of offsetting is species required. impacted (Local, Bay of Quinte) Blanding’s Turtle, Injury or mortality due to High – Moderate – injury Moderate – High – Life of Irreversible – all wildlife Moderate - Mortality of Low – likelihood Eastern Musk Turtle, impingement and Provincial or or mortality may turtle mortality Facility fatalities are treated as SAR has the potential to of mortality due to Northern Map Turtle entrainment Federally listed occur. of, particularly irreversible. Mortality of result in population-level impingement and and Snapping Turtle species SAR, may common species is not effects. entrainment is result in expected to have considered low. Not Significant population level population-level effects. effects that Mortality of SAR has the extend beyond potential to result in the Project population-level effects. Area. Aesthetics The generating station and Moderate – Low – effect does Moderate – High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate – given its High – There will the training wall have the aesthetic appeal not represent a effect will Facility decommissioning; however, industrial setting but be a change in potential to alter the is of varying significant extend beyond life of facility is 40+ years consideration for its aesthetics as a aesthetics of the site. importance to change. the Project and decommissioning location on the Trent- result of the stakeholders. Area and unlikely. Severn Waterway installation of the Not Significant upstream/ Facility downstream on the Trent- Severn Waterway Public Safety There is potential risk to public High – any injury Moderate – Low – effect is High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate –Risk for Low – given the safety that will be mitigated to considered potential for injury restricted to the Facility decommissioning; however, injury to users in the mitigation the extent possible by access important. represents an Project Area life of facility is 40+ years area given the local proposed the restrictions and safety effect in and decommissioning trail’s proximity to the effect has a low mitigation measures. exceedance of unlikely. Trent River probability of pre-construction occurring Not Significant Access restriction and the conditions presence of the tailrace channel would prevent fishing from the eastern bank of the river.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-57

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Sub VEC Value/ Magnitude of Geographic Duration/ Ecological/ Likelihood VEC Residual Adverse Effect Irreversibility Significance Importance Effect Extent Frequency Social Fragility of Effect There is potential risk to High – any injury Moderate – Low – effect is High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate – experienced Low – given the employees’ safety that will be to workforce is potential for injury restricted to the Facility decommissioning; however, workforce is assumed to mitigation mitigated to the extent considered to be represents an Project Area life of facility is 40+ years have some resilience to proposed the possible by access important. effect in and decommissioning hydroelectric facility effect has a low Not Significant restrictions and safety exceedance of unlikely. hazards probability of mitigation measures. pre-construction occurring conditions Use of Lands and Residual effects on Lake High – Identified High – High – High – Life of Irreversible – Upon High – aquatic habitat High – Design Presently Resources for Whitefish, Walleye, Lake aquatic Temporary Alteration Facility decommissioning; however, has no resilience to loss and mode of Concluded to be Traditional Purposes Sturgeon and American Eel resources are of alteration of localized to the life of facility is 40+ years due to operations fish operation as Significant – include alteration of aquatic importance to aquatic habitat immediate and decommissioning populations likely proposed will Agency by First Nation habitat, impingement or First Nation area. unlikely. resilient to effects of result in noted discussion entrainment of fish. communities Geographic habitat loss/alteration effects. regarding Operation has the potential extent of offsetting is to result in serious harm to species required. fish. impacted (Local, Bay of Quinte) There remains a potential for High – any injury Moderate – Low – effect is High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate – there is an Low – given the injury from operation. considered potential for injury restricted to the Facility decommissioning; however, existing risk for injury to mitigation important. represents an Project Area life of facility is 40+ years users in the area given proposed the effect in and decommissioning the local trail’s proximity effect has a low Not Significant exceedance of unlikely. to the Trent River probability of pre-construction occurring conditions Use and Recreation and Access restriction and the High – Access to Moderate – effect Low – effect is High – Life of Irreversible – Upon Moderate – effect is High – Design enjoyment Tourism presence of the tailrace the Trent River is is a change from limited to the Facility decommissioning; however, occurring in areas where and mode of of Property channel would prevent from of importance to existing local area. life of facility is 40+ years other opportunities for operation as the east bank of the River. local users. conditions, and decommissioning access will remain. In proposed will however unlikely. addition, opportunities result in noted Not Significant opportunities for for access will improved effects. access remain or in other areas. are improved in other areas.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-58

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

6.18 Effects of the Environment on the Project during Operation The natural environmental conditions that could occur during operations and could impact the Project include: climate change and weather-related effects; and precipitation and flooding. These are evaluated in the following sections.

6.18.1 Climate Change The Government of Canada’s report, 2006 Canada’s Fourth National Report on Climate Change states that climate change in Canada will result in warmer temperatures that will affect variables such as evaporation and snow cover. Predictions of climate change effects to regional precipitation patterns are less understood and the report acknowledges that these uncertainties limit the ability to predict hydrological changes at the watershed scale. Nevertheless, in terms of potential hydrologic effects, Government of Canada (2006) predictions indicate that for many regions of Canada, warmer winter temperatures would likely increase the frequency of mid-winter thaws and rain-or-snow events, thereby increasing the potential for increased winter flows. Conversely, reduced winter snow cover could l result in fewer and less severe spring flooding events. However, the magnitude of the spring freshet is not dictated only by snow cover. Increased severe rain events can cause flooding within a cascade river system such as the Trent River. Warmer summer temperatures would likely result in lower seasonal flows and warmer water temperatures.

In terms of economic risk to the Project, a warmer-drier climate scenario that results in less runoff and streamflow on average could result in lower river flows, which may be more pronounced during typical summer low-flow months. This in turn, could result in a decrease in the amount of energy generation from the Project, which could affect the economics of the Project, but not to a degree that the Project would be rendered uneconomic. Environmentally, lower river flows would not be aggravated (i.e., reduced further) by operation of the Project, since during periods of low river flows, the ecological flow will continue to be discharged by Dam 1 and the available flow for generation will continue to be passed through the generating station and not stored.

A warmer-wetter climate scenario that results in higher runoff and streamflow on average could result in higher river flows. This would have a positive economic impact on the Project since higher river flows could result in increased power generation. Environmentally, higher river flows (except flooding) are viewed as benefiting environmental conditions such as aquatic ecosystems due to increased wetted perimeter, improved water flow conditions, improved water quality, etc.

Overall, the effects of climate change on the Project are expected to be gradual in occurrence and are considered minimal in effect.

6.18.2 Weather-Related Effects Weather-related environmental conditions that could affect the Project include severe rain events, lightning strikes, ice storms, ice jams within the river, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hailstorms, heat waves, high Lake Ontario levels (i.e. level reached record level in 2017) and

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-59

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

droughts. Generally, these events may become more frequent due to climate change; however, other than specified below, these events would not have an impact on the operations of the facility.

Increased severe rain events can cause flooding within a cascade river system such as the Trent River. Flash flood in the watershed would generally not impact operation of the generating station. The generation station has a capacity of 200 m3/s and as the ability to react quickly to change in river flow. Combined with Dam 1 Replacement, the generating station would likely improve response to flash flood events. The generation station has a capacity of 200 m3/s and would be expected to react to severe rain events more adequately than a smaller plant (i.e., 100 m3/s).

Sustained drought within the Great Lakes watershed would result in reduced river flow. This in turn could result in decreased quantity of water available for power generation which could adversely affect the economics of the Project. Above average Lake Ontario levels would also adversely affect the economics of the Project. Significant ice jams in the river could also temporarily limit flow to the facility.

Lightning strikes to electrical equipment could damage or make the equipment inoperable. Depending on the severity of the event, it could affect the ability of the station to transmit power to the provincial grid. The generation station will be equipped with an emergency genset that would power up critical auxiliary services (plant control, HPUs, lighting). The back-up generator could also be used to operate the Dam 1 (subject to authorization by PCA) and continue flow management.

Ice storms, such as the one that occurred in eastern Ontario and Quebec in 1998, could affect operational activities. Impacts could include loss of power to the site, unsafe working conditions and damaged/inoperable equipment, structural failure (e.g., distribution lines) and ice damming which could lead to flooding/inundation of the work area. Ice storms of the severity of those experienced in 1998 are a relatively rare event, but storms of less severity may still have the potential to impact operations. Procedures will be developed and implemented by the Proponent specifying what safety measures will be employed during icing conditions. The Proponent will be able to operate structures manually if required.

The Proponent will develop an occupational safety and communications plan to address potential safety issues and weather-related events. An Emergency Preparedness Response Plan will be prepared for the facility, which outlines the actions required to respond to these potential weather-related events.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 6-60

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

7. Effects to Channel Darter and its Critical Habitat during Facility Construction and Operation In accordance with section 73 of the Species at Risk Act, PCA may enter into an agreement or issue a permit authorizing a person to engage in an activity affecting a listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat, or the residences of its individuals. Authorization to carry out prohibited activities is dependent on finding that all three (3) preconditions set out in subsection 73(3) of the SARA have been met. These include:

1. All reasonable alternatives to the activity that would reduce the impact on the species have been considered and the best solution has been adopted.

2. All feasible measures will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity on the species or its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals.

3. The activity will not jeopardize the survival or recovery of the species.

Canada’s Species at Rick Guidelines: Guidelines for Permitting Under Section 73 of the Species at Risk Act provides additional guidance and prescribes a requirement for the following information for PCA to issue such an authorization:

• Demonstrating that the purpose of the activity is one that would satisfy subs. 73(2) (i.e., activity is scientific, benefits the species or where affecting the species, is incidental to performing the activity). In the case of the proposed Project, potential effects to the Channel Darter are incidental to the construction and operation of the facility. As per Canada’s Species at Risk Act Permitting Policy (2016) the phrase “incidental to” means that the effect that carrying out the activity (the Project) has upon the species must not be the purpose of the activity.

• Demonstrating that all reasonable alternatives have been considered to reduce the impact on the species and the best solution was chosen. The consideration of reasonable alternatives is documented in Section 1.7.1.5 of this DIA and have been explored to reduce the potential effects to the Critical Habitat for the Channel Darter. In accordance with Canada’s Species at Risk Act Permitting Policy (2016) all reasonable alternatives have been considered with a view to reducing the effect on the species with the range of alternatives proportional to the significance of the activity’s anticipated impact. The evaluation of the various tailrace alternatives has also considered financial viability, which is consistent with Canada’s Policy (2016) stating, “costs may be considered when deciding whether a given alternative is reasonable”.

• Demonstrating that all feasible measures will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity on the species, its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals. Mitigation measures to avoid effects to Channel Darter and its Critical Habitat are described in Section 7.3 below.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Describing any changes that the activity may cause to the listed wildlife species, its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals, the possible effects of those changes and the significance of those effects. An analysis of potential residual adverse effects of the Project to the Channel Darter and its Critical Habitat is presented in Section 7.5. As per the above noted Policy (2016) an activity would jeopardize the survival or recovery of a species at risk if the activity would “prevent the attainment of the population and distribution objectives described in the recovery strategy for a species at risk”. If the possible effects of the Project were to jeopardize the survival or recovery of the species, such an effect would be significant.

The following sections present the methodology for characterizing, as well as the baseline conditions (i.e. existing Critical Habitat for the Channel Darter) within the Downstream ZOI; sources of, and potential adverse effects to the Channel Darter and its Critical Habitat; the feasible measures that will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity; the residual effects of the Project following feasible measures and the significance of those effects. 7.1 Existing Channel Darter Critical Habitat In accordance with direction provided by the PCA (2016) Channel Darter habitat is considered critical if suitable habitat conditions, for any life stage, are met at any point in time, for any duration. Based on this definition, all areas that possess suitable substrate and would at some point meet the depth and velocity criteria are considered as critical Channel Darter habitat. The characterization of Critical Habitat is based on two (2) sets of habitat parameters for Channel Darter. The first case is defined in the Recovery Strategy for the Channel Darter (Percina copelandi) in Canada, 2013 and the second case incorporates Trent River habitat preferences documented by MNRF in Reid 2004 and 2016. The latter represents an update on the information contained in the Recovery Strategy for the Channel Darter (Percina copelandi) in Canada and will be used for the purpose of this assessment. Table 7-1 presents the habitat parameters used to delineate suitable habitat. Figure 7-1 depicts existing habitat for each life stage. Table 7-1: Channel Darter Life Stage Criteria

Recovery Strategy Adjusted for Local Criteria Data Life Stages Substrate Depths Velocities Depths Velocities (m) (m/s) (m) (m/s) Adult (AD) Gravels, cobbles 0.0 – 0.6 0.2 – 0.5 0.0 – 0.6 0.2 – 1.2 Clean Gravels or smooth rocks. Spawn to 0.0 – 2.0 0.2 – 0.5 0.0 – 2.0 0.2 – 1.2 Larvae (SL) Males establish spawning territory around a large rock in current. Juvenile Gravels, Sands 0.0 – 5.0 0.3 – 0.5 0.0 – 5.0 0.3 – 0.5 (JU)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

7.2 Sources of Effects Sources of effects during construction include in-water work (road construction, cofferdams construction and removal, dewatering behind cofferdams, intake, powerhouse and tailrace excavation and blasting in or near water).

Cofferdam placement, dewatering as well as fish removal may result in harm, harassment and collection of the Channel Darter. Mortality during dewatering may still occur despite fish salvage efforts and feasible measures.

Sources of effects during construction and operation include impaired surface water quality due to fugitive dust deposition and/or erosion and sedimentation, as well as accidental spills or leaks of potentially hazardous material.

During operation, Channel Darter and its habitat will be impacted by changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach.

Based on simulations undertaken to present existing and future conditions within the Downstream ZOI (during construction and operation), water depths are not expected to change beyond natural fluctuation within the Plunge Pool nor downstream of the proposed tailrace channel outlet. Water depth (and consequently wetted area), water velocities and water velocity vectors are expected to change within the Bypass Reach and in the vicinity of the tailrace channel outlet as shown in Figures 4-4 to 4-27. 7.3 Potential Effects Construction of the powerhouse, tailrace channel and the training wall, blasting in or near water, temporary cofferdams and associated dewatering and fish removal within the isolated area have the potential to result in serious harm to Channel Darter and destruction of critical habitat. Potential effects to Channel Darter include: impact on health and/or behavior, destruction of critical habitat and critical habitat alteration, stranding of individuals behind cofferdams and possible Channel Darter mortality.

During operation, changes in flows, levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach will impact Channel Darter lifecycle as a result of a variation in critical habitat area and availability.

Channel Darter mortality resulting from entrainment and impingement during operation is very unlikely due to lack of suitable habitat within the intake area as well as their size, however downstream movement through the facility remains a potential effect based on individuals being present within the upstream ZOI. 7.4 Mitigation Measures The principal mitigation measures to mitigate potential adverse effects to Channel Darter are design optimization to reduce the footprint of the powerhouse, training wall and tailrace channel to the greatest extent possible and the maintenance of a minimum ecological flow of 10 m³/s in the Bypass Reach year-round.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Mitigation measures implemented during construction will also include:

• In-water time restriction: MNRF’s Southern Region (Peterborough) prohibits in-water work between April 1 and June 30, in order to protect spring spawning species’ reproduction (i.e., spawning, egg incubation, and immediate post hatch fry development) in the Trent River. This timing restriction will protect the reproductive periods of Channel Darter within the Local Study Area, expected to occur between May 5 and July 5.

• Duration of time in which cofferdams are in place will be minimized to the greatest extent possible.

• Cofferdam material will be completely removed from the watercourse following completion of construction.

• Contingency plan for fish removal to be prepared by contractor for review and approval by PCA, DFO and MNRF. The plan will be included in the EMP.

• Dewater with shrouded/screened pump to water depth of 0.5 m, then remove remaining fish as per permit requirements. Fish are then removed from the area by netting or electrofishing. Captured fish are to be transferred immediately to the waterbody closest to the construction zone (i.e., upstream if from upstream cofferdam area, downstream if from the downstream cofferdam area. Consideration given to preventing freezing and handling stress of fish if removal required during winter.

• When possible, conduct a sweep of the area behind the turbidity curtain prior to placement of the cofferdam to mitigate the effect to individuals.

• A SARA Permit and Fish Collector Permit shall be obtained prior to the start of the work.

• Blasting in/near water will be conducted as per Guidelines for the Use of Explosives in or Near Canadian Waters (DFO, 1998).

• All explosives used will be confined explosive type.

• All “shock-tubes" and detonation wires are to be recovered and removed after each blast.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

• Blasting will occur outside any restricted fish timing windows to lessen the extent and number of fish it potentially affects.

Mitigation measures to address water quality and spills are discussed in Sections 5.10.2 and 6.3.1.1. The Proponent will also implement an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan and a Spill Prevention and Response Plan during construction and operation of the Project. 7.5 Residual Effects The following sections describe changes that the Project may cause to Channel Darter individuals and Critical Habitat, the possible residual effects of those changes and the significance of those residual effects.

7.5.1 Residual Effects to Channel Darter (Individuals) Channel Darter mortality resulting from entrainment and impingement during operation is unlikely. Adult Channel Darter range in size from 31 to 72 mm (DFO, 2016). Kaplan turbine mortality estimations for such a size range are 2.66 and 3.50% respectively, based on Table 6-3. This combined with the relatively deep location of the intake channel and less than suitable surrounding habitat is expected to further reduce potential of turbine mortality.

Installation of the cofferdams, associated dewatering and fish removal remain residual effects to individuals. Furthermore, blasting in or near water may cause Channel Darter harassment or mortality.

7.5.2 Changes to (Destruction and Permanent Alteration of) Channel Darter Critical Habitat The construction of the training wall and powerhouse will result in the destruction of Channel Darter Critical Habitat while the construction of the tailrace channel will result in the permanent alteration of Channel Darter Critical Habitat. In the tailrace channel, changes in substrate and depth will cause the habitat to be unavailable or unsuitable for utilization by Channel Darter.

The changes to water levels and velocities in the Bypass Reach and downstream of the Bypass Reach will lead to an alteration of Channel Darter Critical Habitat, subject to river flow. Table 7-2 presents existing and future habitat (based on an ecological flow of 10 m3/s) by each life stage. In addition, Table 7-3 provides the changes to Channel Darter Critical Habitat by Project component/effect. Figure 7-1 shows existing and future habitat (based on an ecological flow of 10 m3/s) for each life stage as well as for the total area.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 7-2: Existing and Future Channel Darter Critical Habitat by Life Stage

Adjusted for Local Data Life Stage Existing Future Difference (m²) (m²) (m²) Adult (AD) 31,008 24,332 -6,676 Spawn to larvae (SL) 74,247 65,091 -9,156 Juvenile (JU) 50225 43991 -6234 Total: 79051 69570 -9481

Table 7-3: Changes to Channel Darter Critical Habitat by Project Component/Effect

Project Component / Potential Effects Training Wall Tailrace Channel Downstream ZOI Destruction of Critical Alteration of Critical Alteration of Fish Critical Habitat Habitat Habitat (m2) (m2) (m2) AD SL JU AD SL JU AD SL JU -480 -605 -337 -1,309 -3,189 -1,554 -4,445 -5,362 -4,343

7.5.3 Residual Effects to Channel Darter Critical Habitat The variation of flows in the river results in depths and velocities constantly varying the suitability/availability of Critical Habitat. The methodology to determine the changes that the Project may cause to Channel Darter Critical Habitat is based on an assessment of the “habitat suitability duration”. This methodology is in line with the methodology developed by Scott Reid (Reid, 2016) whereby habitat suitability is determined based on water depth and velocity over suitable substrates. A weighted reciprocal conversion was also applied, adjusting value for areas where suitable habitat is more or less frequently available. This is consistent with evaluating or indexing habitat based on hydraulic modelling and on-site data to determine comparative habitat suitability. Therefore, areas where habitat is available more frequently were given a higher weighted score than areas where habitat is less frequently available. By combining pre-construction and operational hydrological flow modelling with flow duration curves, an identification of habitat suitability duration was made. For clarification, this approach is not intended to suggest that any of the critical habitat identified for Channel Darter is not, in fact, critical. Rather, it has been applied to demonstrate whether or not the recovery of the species would be jeopardized as a result of the operation of the Project as proposed.

For example, a polygon (POL-1) of critical habitat may be associated with adequate depths and velocities only when flows vary between 10 and 30 m3/s, while a second polygon (POL-2) of critical habitat may be associated with adequate depths and velocities only when flows vary between 30 and 100 m3/s. The existing flow duration curve (See Figure 6-1) shows that

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

flows are between 10 and 30 m3/s for 12% of the year while flows are between 30 and 100 m3/s for 38% of the year. In our example, POL-2 would have more “value” than POL-1 because the Critical Habitat is available for a longer duration.

Timing used for comparison to historical flow records for each life stage are as follows:

• Adult – May 1 to October 15 as per PCA recommendation

• Spawn to Larvae – May 5 to July 5 as per Reid (2004) and recorded water temperatures at Trenton Lock 1 Dam for 2016 and 2017

• Juvenile – May 1 to October 15 as per PCA recommendation.

Figure 7-2 shows pre-construction (existing) and operational (based on an ecological flow of 10 m3/s) habitat suitability duration for all life stages (combined), while Figures 7-3 through 7- 5 show existing and operational Adult, Spawn to Larvae and Juvenile habitat suitability durations.

The results of the model are expected to be conservative as habitat meeting these parameters has not been refined based on field investigations (Channel Darter collections or precise substrates composition). Nor does the modelling account for habitat potentially created within the dissipation flare or plunge pool as a result of other VEC species offsetting.

7.5.3.1 Habitat Suitability Duration Modelling Results Literature review on the subject (Reid 2004 and 2016) determined the upper threshold of velocities should be increased for Adult and Spawn to Larvae to 1.2 m/s with the lower threshold of 0.2 m/s remaining unchanged.

Tables 7-4 through 7-7 show the difference in existing and operational (based on an ecological flow of10 m3/s) habitat areas to availability frequencies of 10% and further applies the weighted conversion which acts as a sliding scale such as habitat available 90-100% is 10 times more important than habitat available 1-10% of the time, providing a weighted difference which is likely more representative of the importance to the species.

Table 7-4 below presents the habitat suitability duration modeling results for the combined life stages. Table 7-5 compares the suitable Adult habitat duration modeling results,Table 7-6 shows the suitable Spawn to Larvae habitat duration modeling results while Table 7-7 shows the suitable Juvenile habitat duration modeling results.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 7-4: Suitable Habitat Duration for Combined Life Stages

Existing Operational Weighted Weighted Weighted Frequency Weighted Habitat Area Habitat Area Difference Existing Operational Difference Interval Conversion (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) 1-10 4897 6913 2016 0.10 490 691 202 11-20 6629 2725 -3904 0.20 1326 545 -781 21-30 9075 3480 -5595 0.30 2723 1044 -1679 31-40 11836 7578 -4258 0.40 4734 3031 -1703 41-50 5844 4463 -1381 0.50 2922 2232 -691 51-60 15040 14371 -669 0.60 9024 8623 -401 61-70 15515 10784 -4731 0.70 10861 7549 -3312 71-80 8569 8386 -183 0.80 6855 6709 -146 81-90 144 103 -41 0.90 130 93 -37 91-100 1502 10767 9265 1.00 1502 10767 9265 Totals 79051 69570 -9481 40566 41283 717

Table 7-5: Suitable Adult Habitat Duration

Existing Operational Weighted Weighted Weighted Frequency Weighted Habitat Area Habitat Area Difference Existing Operational Difference Interval Conversion (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) 1-10 2252 2819 567 0.10 225 282 57 11-20 5853 4585 -1268 0.20 1171 917 -254 21-30 7319 2191 -5128 0.30 2196 657 -1538 31-40 1958 1426 -532 0.40 783 570 -213 41-50 6707 918 -5789 0.50 3354 459 -2895 51-60 24 37 13 0.60 14 22 8

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Existing Operational Weighted Weighted Weighted Frequency Weighted Habitat Area Habitat Area Difference Existing Operational Difference Interval Conversion (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) 61-70 4575 699 -3876 0.70 3203 489 -2713 71-80 1184 317 -867 0.80 947 254 -694 81-90 1105 1131 26 0.90 995 1018 23 91-100 31 10209 10178 1.00 31 10209 10178 Totals 31008 24332 -6676 12918 14878 1960

Table 7-6: Suitable Spawn to Larvae Habitat Duration

Existing Operational Weighted Weighted Weighted Frequency Weighted Habitat Area Habitat Area Difference Existing Operational Difference Interval Conversion (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) 1-10 4813 6770 1957 0.10 481 677 196 11-20 12633 8113 -4520 0.20 2527 1623 -904 21-30 748 277 -471 0.30 224 83 -141 31-40 8894 3060 -5834 0.40 3558 1224 -2334 41-50 3662 3747 85 0.50 1831 1874 43 51-60 4230 1630 -2600 0.60 2538 978 -1560 61-70 21238 18231 -3007 0.70 14867 12762 -2105 71-80 38 232 194 0.80 30 186 155 81-90 16633 12703 -3930 0.90 14970 11433 -3537 91-100 1358 10328 8970 1.00 1358 10328 8970 Totals 74247 65091 -9156 42384 41166 -1217

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 7-7: Suitable Juvenile Habitat Duration

Existing Operational Weighted Weighted Weighted Frequency Weighted Habitat Area Habitat Area Difference Existing Operational Difference Interval Conversion (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) 1-10 3080 2062 -1018 0.10 308 206 -102 11-20 14632 14424 -208 0.20 2926 2885 -42 21-30 27066 21192 -5874 0.30 8120 6358 -1762 31-40 4976 3870 -1106 0.40 1990 1548 -442 41-50 313 222 -91 0.50 157 111 -46 51-60 23 70 47 0.60 14 42 28 61-70 115 249 134 0.70 81 174 94 71-80 16 122 106 0.80 13 98 85 81-90 4 248 244 0.90 4 223 220 91-100 0 1532 1532 1.00 0 1532 1532 Totals 50225 43991 -6234 13612 13177 -435

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-10

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 7-4 above shows a weighted increase of 717 m². Trends of the analysis show an increase in available adult habitat of 1,960 m², a decrease in spawning habitat of 1,217 m² and a reduction of juvenile habitat of 435 m².

The analysis above shows an increase in weighted combined habitat (717 m²). Similarly, the results show an increase in Adult habitat of 1,960 m², with the Juvenile habitat representing a loss of 435 m² and the Spawn to Larvae habitat showing a loss of 1,217 m².

Consultation with PCA surrounding Channel Darter life stages have indicated all stages are weighted equally. Accordingly, based on the approach presented above, there are no residual effects to Channel Darter Critical Habitat availability (weighted, combined habitat). However, there will be destruction of habitat due to the construction of the trailing wall and permanent alteration of habitat as a result of the construction of the tailrace channel as reported in Table 7-3, above.

7.5.4 Significance of Residual Effects to Channel Darter and Channel Darter Critical Habitat As described in Section 7 above, an activity (the Project) would jeopardize the survival or recovery of a species at risk if the activity would “prevent the attainment of the population and distribution objectives described in the recovery strategy for a species at risk”. An analysis of potential residual adverse effects of the Project to the Channel Darter and its Critical Habitat is presented in Section 7.5. If the possible effects of the Project were to jeopardize the survival or recovery of the species, such an effect would be significant.

With regard to residual effects to Channel Darter (individuals), installation of the cofferdams, associated dewatering and fish salvage remain residual effects to individuals. Furthermore, blasting in or near water may cause Channel Darter harassment or mortality. Mitigation measures described in Section 7.4 will ensure that the level of harm, harassment, collection and mortality remains very low. Any residual harm, harassment, collection and mortality would not be anticipated to jeopardize the survival of the Trent River Channel Darter Population.

Threats identified in the Channel Darter Recovery Strategy for the Trent River population include:

• invasive species and diseases (high certainty)

• altered flow regime (medium certainty)

• barriers to movement (medium certainty)

• turbidity and sediment loading (medium certainty).

The following discussion is provided.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-11

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

7.5.4.1 Invasive Species and Disease The Recovery Strategy identifies direct competition for space and habitat, food, spawning sites, through the restructuring of aquatic food webs, and by the potential introductions of new parasites as potential affect to Channel Darter. The Recovery Strategy further suggests that Round Goby may be a “serious threat to Channel Darter, competing for similar habitat and resources” (DFO, 2016).

The current ranges of Channel Darter and Round Goby overlap in Lake Ontario in the Bay of Quinte area, and since its introduction, Round Goby has been implicated in the declines of native benthic fish in the lower Great Lakes including the Channel Darter. Round Goby are arguably the greatest threat to the native Channel Darter located within the downstream ZOI. Although Round Goby is expected to occupy the entire area, some studies (Cooper et al. 2009) have shown a Round Goby prefer deeper waters in Great Lakes coastal areas. It is anticipated that Goby may inhabit the tailrace area depending on food availability. It is also possible the reduction in water depths within the bypass may reduce Round Goby suitability lowering population densities. If this were to occur it would be beneficial to the Channel Darter.

An assessment of the potential effects of the Project is reported in Sections 6.4.1.3 and 6.4.1.4 and found that the Project is not anticipated to increase the presence of invasive species and/or their habitat.

7.5.4.2 Altered Flow Regimes According to the Recovery Strategy, flow regulation can have a negative effect on downstream Channel Darter populations, especially during the spawning period and the Recover Strategy recommends that in-stream flow needs assessments are considered by PCA for regulation of the Trent Severn Waterway. The Recovery Strategy also recommends that the needs of Channel Darter, and other species at risk, be considered during the design and operation of dam recapitalization projects such as the replacement for Trenton Lock 1 Dam and operation of new or upgraded hydrogenating facilities such as the proposed Project. As presented in Section 7.5.3, an assessment of the changes to the existing flow regime and the residual effect of Project operation has been prepared. The results of this assessment are discussed above, and have concluded that affected Channel Darter Critical Habitat is shown to be low duration habitat and not within an area typically associated with their known capture. The modelling supporting Section 7.5.3 has also demonstrated that combined habitat duration availability will increase post-construction when compared with existing conditions. Accordingly, the alteration of the existing flow regime is not expected to jeopardize the survival or recovery of the Channel Darter.

7.5.4.3 Barriers to Movement According to the Recovery Strategy, barriers to movement such as dams, can restrict access to important habitat areas, fragment fish populations and limit the potential for rescue effect from neighbouring populations (DFO, 2016). However, barriers may also provide protection

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-12

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

for some species from competitors, predators or invasive species. It is also possible that construction of the existing dam 1 in the early 1900s has led to the creation of habitat suitable for the Channel Darter. In the case of the proposed Project, this installation does not represent an additional barrier to upstream movement of the Channel Darter. In addition, the longitudinal alignment of the training wall is not anticipated to create an additional barrier to fish movement.

7.5.4.4 Turbidity and Sediment Loading According to the Recovery Strategy the ability of Channel Darter to find food and locate spawning sites can be adversely affected by elevated turbidity and high siltation rates are expected to reduce the quality of spawning substrate, smother eggs or indirectly affect their benthic invertebrate food sources. The slow-to-moderate current Critical Habitat occupied by Channel Darter may not have suitable velocity to prevent sediment deposition. (DFO, 2016). An assessment of effects to riverbed substrates during construction is presented in Section 5.3, while sediment transport during operation is assessed in Section 6.3.1.2. Turbidity and sediment loading during operation is not anticipated to increase beyond existing condition. 7.6 Summary of Effects to Channel Darter and Channel Darter Critical Habitat and Concordance with Section 73(3) Requirements The effects described above take into consideration the implementation of mitigation measures, including a design which limits the footprint of the Project and the discharge of an ecological flow. Despite proposed mitigation measures, destruction and alteration of critical habitat cannot be fully avoided and are incidental to the construction and operation of the Project.

SARA s.32 (1) states that no person shall kill, harm, harass, capture or take an individual of a wildlife species that is listed as an extirpated species, an endangered species or a threatened species. SARA s.58(1) states that no person shall destroy any part of the critical habitat of any listed endangered species or of any listed threatened species. SARA s.73(1) states that the competent minister may enter into an agreement with a person, or issue a permit to a person, authorizing the person to engage in an activity affecting a listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals.

As reported in the introduction of this section, three pre-conditions are noted in SARA s.73(3) as being required for the issuance of a permit. It must be demonstrated that:

• All reasonable alternatives to the activity that would reduce the impact on the species have been considered and the best solution has been adopted.

• All feasible measures will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity on the species or its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals.

• The activity will not jeopardize the survival or recovery of the species.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-13

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

The effects and concerns related to Channel Darter and how each of the three (3) preconditions has been addressed for the Project are summarized in Table 7-8 below.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-14

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 7-8: Impacts and Concerns Related to Channel Darter

Residual Effect to Channel Darter and SARA Permit Rationale Mitigation Measures Survival of Species Jeopardized Channel Darter Critical Required (Yes/No) Reasonable Alternatives Considered Habitat SARA 32 (1): no person shall kill, The effect is incidental to carrying out the Mitigation measures will be implemented Mitigation measures will ensure that levels of harm, harassment, harm, harass, capture or take an work. during construction (See Section 7.4). collection and mortality remain very low. individual of a wildlife species that is listed as an extirpated species, an An alternative of the Project with a short Mitigation measures include in-water Any residual harm, harassment, collection and mortality would not be endangered species or a tailrace was considered. This alternative timing restrictions; fish removal plan to anticipated to jeopardize the survival of the Trent River Channel Darter threatened species. would likely result in avoidance of harm, be prepared for review and approval by Population. harassment, collection and mortality of PCA, DFO and MNRF; blasting in/near Removal during dewatering behind individuals; however, it would result in water to be conducted as per Guidelines cofferdams may result in collection Harm, harassment, abandonment of the Project (based on lack for the Use of Explosives in or Near Yes and harassment of the Channel collection and mortality of financial viability). Canadian Waters (DFO, 1998) and Darter. Mortality during dewatering designing and reducing the footprint of may still occur despite fish salvage the powerhouse, training wall and efforts and mitigation measures. tailrace channel to the greatest extent Channel Darter mortality resulting possible. from entrainment and impingement during operation is very unlikely as habitat and presence has only been confirmed in the Downstream ZOI. SARA s.58(1): no person shall The effect is incidental to carrying out the Mitigation measures will be implemented Threats identified (in the Channel Darter Recovery Strategy) to for the destroy any part of the critical work. during construction (See Section 7.4). Trent River Channel Darter include altered flow regime (medium habitat of any listed endangered certainty), barriers to movement (medium certainty), turbidity and species or of any listed threatened An alternative of the Project with a short Mitigation measures include designing sediment loading (medium certainty) and invasive species and diseases species tailrace and inland tailrace were considered. and reducing the footprint of the (high certainty). These alternatives would likely result in the powerhouse, training wall and tailrace The construction of the Project will avoidance or in the reduction of destruction channel to greatest extent. Modelling has demonstrated a loss of critical habitat due to training wall result in the destruction and and alteration of Critical Habitat; however, it construction, as well as permanent alteration of habitat due to alteration of Channel Darter Critical Limited width of excavation of the would result in abandonment of the Project 2 construction of tailrace channel. Habitat. (based on lack of financial viability). tailrace channel (reduction of 1,280 m ) Reductions in flows, leading to and reduced size of the dissipation flare Reductions in flows will result in depths and velocities changes within 2 Destruction/Alteration of depths and velocities changes (reduction of 2,980 m ) was incorporated Bypass Reach altering critical habitat. Yes into Project design. Critical Habitat within Bypass Reach may The longitudinal alignment of the training wall is not anticipated to create permanently alter critical habitat. A minimum ecological flow of 10 m³/s an additional barrier to fish movement. will be discharged over Dam 1 in order Turbidity and sediment loading during operation is not anticipated to to limit the magnitude of changes in the increase beyond existing condition. Bypass Reach. The construction and operation of the Project is not anticipated to increase the presence of invasive species and/or their habitat. Any destruction and alteration of critical habitat, following meaningful and effective offsetting, would not be anticipated to jeopardize the survival of the Trent River Channel Darter Population.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-15

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

As summarized in the preceding Table, the conditions required for the issuance of a permit under SARA s.73(3) have been considered and met. The construction and operation of the Project is not expected to jeopardize the survival or the recovery of the Channel Darter in the Local Study Area with meaningful and effective offsetting.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 7-16

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

8. Cumulative Effects Assessment 8.1 Introduction The CEAA requires that all federal screenings include an assessment of the potential cumulative effects of the Project. Cumulative effects are defined as “changes to the environment that are caused by an action (i.e., the ‘Project’) in combination with other past, present and future human actions” (Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, 2004). Project specific environmental effects (i.e., residual effects after mitigation) may not be significant on their own, but if those effects interact with the effects of another project or action, that cumulative effect could potentially be significant. Therefore, the purpose of the Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA) is to assess how the residual effects of the Project could potentially interact with the effects of other projects or actions, identify mitigation measures to prevent/minimize adverse cumulative effects and assess the significance of residual cumulative effects.

The Cumulative Effects Assessment Working Group and AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. (Hegmann et al., 1999) prepared a document entitled Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners’ Guide (herein referred to as “the Guide”) to provide guidance to those conducting CEAs for federal screenings under CEAA. The Guide identifies four ways that cumulative effects can occur. These include:

• Physical-Chemical Transport – a physical or chemical constituent is transported away from the activity under review, where it interacts with another activity (e.g., air emissions, sedimentation and wastewater effluent).

• Nibbling Loss – the gradual disturbance and loss of land or habitat (e.g., clearing of land for a new subdivision and new roads into a forested area).

• Spatial and Temporal Crowding - Cumulative effects can occur when too much is happening within too small an area and in too brief a period of time. A threshold may be exceeded and the environment may not be able to recover to pre-disturbance conditions. This can occur quickly or gradually over a long period of time before the effects become apparent. Spatial crowding results in an overlap of effects among actions (e.g., noise from a highway adjacent to an industrial site, confluence of stack emission plumes, close proximity of timber harvesting, wildlife habitat and recreational use in a park). Temporal crowding may occur if effects from different actions overlap or occur before the VEC has had time to recover.

• Growth-Inducing Potential – Each new action can induce further actions to occur. The effects of these spin-off actions (e.g., increased vehicle access into a previously inaccessible area) may add to the cumulative effects already occurring in the vicinity of the proposed action, creating a feedback effect.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

8.2 Methodology of Cumulative Effect Assessment The Guide identifies five main steps to completing a CEA, including:

1. Scoping – identify regional issues of concern, select appropriate regional VECs, identify spatial and temporal boundaries, identify other actions that may affect the same VECs, identify potential impacts due to actions and possible effects.

2. Analysis of Effects – complete the collection of regional baseline data, assess effects of the Project on selected VECs and assess the effects of all selected actions on selected VECs.

3. Identification of Mitigation – Recommend mitigation measures to prevent or minimize potential adverse cumulative effects.

4. Evaluation of Significance – evaluate the significance of residual adverse cumulative effects.

5. Follow-Up Monitoring – recommend regional monitoring and effect management. 8.3 Cumulative Effects Assessment The following sections document the CEA for the Project in accordance with the five-step method outlined in Section 8.2.

8.3.1 Scoping

8.3.1.1 Identification of Regional Issues of Concern and VECs The assessment of Project-specific effects documented in Sections 5 and 6 of this DIA focused on environmental components and associated VECs deemed to be important to the natural and socio-economic environments within the Extended Study Area (see Section 2.3). These environmental components will be brought forward as the VECs for use in the CEA, since cumulative effects on these components could potentially result in regional issues of concern through the Extended Study Area.

8.3.1.2 Identification of Spatial Boundaries The potential for interaction of other projects or human activities with the proposed Project varies depending on the geographic location of the other project(s) and actions and the nature of the environmental component(s) being considered (i.e., habitat range or area over which an action occurs).

The spatial boundary is anticipated to extend within the regional area and beyond, during both construction and operation. The social environment spatial boundaries are expected to be further extended throughout the Trent-Severn Waterway due to its designation as a National Historic Site. In addition, potential impacts to wildlife will correspond to the spatial and temporal extent of any potential noise effects as well as effects to water quality.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

With regard to the aquatic ecosystem, changes in one area of the river (e.g. adverse effects on surface water quality) could potentially be experienced at any downstream point in the river or drainage basin, depending on the nature and magnitude of the adverse effect. In addition, fish, are known to utilize the Trent River to the Bay of Quinte, and adverse effects in one area of the river could potentially interact with adverse effects in another area combining to create a cumulative effect on fish species.

In consideration of the above, the spatial boundary for this CEA will correspond with the Extended Study Area defined in Section 2.2.2.1 and illustrated in Figure 2-1.

8.3.1.3 Identification of Temporal Boundaries In order for a cumulative effect to occur, the effects of other projects or actions must occur at the same time as affects from the project under review. For example, a cumulative effect on noise levels in the Local Study Area could occur if another construction project was occurring at the same time as the proposed Project and the construction-generated noise from each project interacted to produce higher overall noise levels at sensitive receptors. However, if that other construction activity was to take place at some point in the future when no noise is being generated by the Trenton Lock 1 construction, then there would be no potential for cumulative effects. Therefore, the identification of temporal boundaries is necessary to define the period in time when cumulative effects could reasonably be expected to occur.

Accordingly, the temporal boundary for this CEA has been broken into two time periods, construction and operations. The construction phase of the Project is an identified time period with different distinct potential adverse effects than those that may occur during the operational period, therefore it is important to identify this phase as a separate scenario. The minimum operational period for the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project is 40 years. It is practically impossible to identify certain or reasonably foreseeable projects that far into the future. For the purposes of this CEA, the future temporal boundary has been restricted to being 5 years into the operational period. This time period is within the reasonable planning horizon for future projects/actions within the Extended Study Area (i.e., the City of Quinte-West could reasonably be expected to have plans for future projects within that time period). Beyond this, it becomes impossible to predict the effects of future projects/actions with sufficient accuracy to have a meaningful CEA.

The definition of cumulative effects includes other actions occurring in the past, present and future. However, past and present actions (e.g., urban development of the City of Quinte- West or alterations to the Trent River due to historical use for the Trent-Severn Waterway) have formed the baseline conditions for the Project. Therefore, the adverse effects of these other past or currently ongoing projects have been assessed as the baseline to which the potential adverse effects of the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project have been compared.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

8.3.1.4 Identification of Other Actions that may Affect the Same VECs within the Spatial and Temporal Boundaries and Potential Cumulative Effects Past, existing and future projects or activities that have the potential to act cumulatively with the effects of the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project are identified in the following sections.

8.3.1.4.1 Past Activities Past activities in the City of Quine West have included resource use activities (forestry, fishing) and industrial development, leading to development activities for the City and recreational activities (boating, tourism).

Industrial Development

From the mid-1850s to early 1900s, the Local Study Area was associated with a significant lumbering firm; and is also associated with the introduction of the railway. Commercial timber and lumber shipping were one of the primary motives for the final construction of the Trent- Severn Waterway. (Amick, 2017) A pulp and paper mill (currently containerboard packaging manufacturing) began operation immediately south of the Project Location in 1927.

According to PCA’s Archaeological Overview Assessment provided to Hatch in 2017, in the late 1880s, Gilmour and Company constructed a dam spanning the river downstream from the Grand Trunk Railway Bridge, close to the present site of Dam No. 1 on the Trent Canal which was completed in December 1885. The water-powered sash and door factory was completed in 1888, with six turbines drawing water from a flume on the east side of the river. On the east side of the dam, Gilmour built a small hydroelectric plant generating power for factory and street lighting. In 1910 the company was permanently closed and in 1911, the factory burned down. In 1908, a contract was offered for the construction of a new substantial dam, intended to carry a rail line to the Gilmour factory. In October 1912, the concrete dam was in operation featuring 18 sluices and wooden stoplogs.

Hydropower plants were built on site as early as the end of 19th century. On the east side of the dam, Gilmour and Company built a small hydroelectric plant generating power for its factory and street lighting. As one of the first plants in the world to produce an alternating current, Gilmour had asked Thomas Edison to design the generator (Long and Whiteman 2001:74). A hydro plant was also located on the western bank of the Trent River.

The Local Study Area was also the site of a historic munitions factory. According to information provided by PCA, the British Chemical Company purchased 255 acres in Trenton, and on it 204 company buildings were built. In a single month, the plant was capable of producing the following: 8,000,000 lbs. of sulphuric acid, 5,000,000 lbs. of nitric acid, 2,200,000 lbs. of pyro-cotton, 1,500,000 lbs. of nitro-cellulose powder and 1,200,000 lbs. of TNT. A photograph of the British Chemical Company plant in 1920 is provided in Figure 8-1. The plant was built in 1915 and was the site of an explosion in 1918.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Due to the temporal boundaries of the industrial development of the area, the proposed Project is not anticipated to result in cumulative effects.

Highway 401 Trent River Bridge

Highway 401 intersects the Trent River roughly 850 m upstream to the north from the Trenton Lock 1 Dam. The construction of the highway was completed in the 1960’s, however the most recent works on the highway infrastructure included the Trent River Bridge Rehabilitation and Highway Improvements that began in the summer of 2008 and took 3 to 4 years to complete (CEAA, 2012). The Project included rehabilitation of the bridge deck and structural components and widening of the Trent River Bridge to accommodate six lanes. Due to the temporal boundaries of the bridge and later construction as additions to pre-existing infrastructure, the proposed Project is not anticipated to have cumulative impacts.

Construction of Navigation Infrastructure (Locks and Dams) and Hydropower Facilities

Trenton Lock 1 is located on the Trent-Severn Waterway, a National Historic Site of Canada. The Trent-Severn Waterway is a 386 km long recreational waterway connecting Lake Ontario to Lake Huron, through 36 conventional locks, 2 flight locks, 2 hydraulic lift locks and a marine railway. Construction of the Trent-Severn Waterway began in mid-1830s in Bobcaygeon, though completion of the waterway did not occur until 1920.

As a part of the Trent-Severn Waterway network, Trenton Lock 1completed in 1914, is the first lock providing access between the Bay of Quinte (Lake Ontario) and the Trent River.. The Trent-Severn Waterway is a series of locks and dams that have resulted in changes to the Extended Study Area (vegetation clearing, wildlife disruption and loss of habitat, changes in surface water runoff and hydrology). In general, the Trent-Severn Waterway has been in place since the 1920’s and therefore is a stable and well operated infrastructure system. It is unlikely that the effects of the existing infrastructure of the Trent-Severn Waterway will create any significant adverse cumulative effects in conjunction with the proposed Project.

The nearest lock is Sidney Lock 2, located approximately 1,200 m upstream. The Sidney Generating Station (GS), owned and operated by OPG is located at the Lock 2 Dam. The Sidney GS came in service on September 1, 1911 and has an installed capacity of 4 MW. The facility is named for the adjacent township of Sidney. There are seventeen (17) waterpower generation stations on the Trent-Severn Waterway, owned by six (6) individual parent companies. Due to the temporal boundaries of the construction of the facility, the proposed Project is not anticipated to result in cumulative effects.

Recreation/Tourism Activities

Fishing activities within the Trent River and the Bay of Quinte may have had some impact on fish populations and fish community dynamics. The Trent River has a large spring spawning run of Walleye, a fish of notable importance to the commercial, recreational and Aboriginal fishery. Fish harvesting has likely resulted in lower populations of the most popular sport fish

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

species (i.e. Walleye) and correspondingly higher populations of competing species and baitfish. As the proposed Project is an addition to existing infrastructure that has been in place since 1912, the fish populations will not be subjected to a new passage barrier. The waterway will continue to be operated and closely monitored by TSW.

Past recreational/tourism based activities in the Local Study Area have included fishing, power boating, canoeing, hunting, hiking/walking, scenic viewing at the Trent River, swimming and cycling. Recreational and tourism based activities’ disturbance to wildlife and natural areas are relatively low. Any cumulative effects on wildlife are expected to be minor as the proposed Project is building on pre-existing infrastructure of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam.

8.3.1.4.2 Present Activities Human activities that will occur at the same time as development of the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project include further development activities for the city, resource use (fishing) and recreation (boating, tourism), similar to the activities that have occurred in the past.

Development of the City of Quinte West

The City of Quinte West will continue to develop the region for commercial, industrial and residential land uses. The City of Quinte West’s Community Profile indicates growth patterns reflecting an increase in relocation of military personnel to a local base in the region as well as an increase in residential development in the city (City of Quinte West, 2017). According to the City of Quinte West’s 2016 Zoning By-laws Map, areas, within 1 km of the Trent Lock 1 Dam or areas immediately to the west and the east of the Trent River banks have not been identified as development zones. The Project Area is within a General Industrial (GM) Zone, Environmental Protection (EP) Zone and Open Space (OS) Zone (see Figure 8-2) with portions of the Project Area within the Source Water Protection (SWP) Area (see Figure 4- 28). The immediate area on the west bank of the Trent River is designated as a Service Industrial (SM) Zone and Source Water Protection Zone. Other surrounding land uses include Corridor Commercial (CC) Zone and Open Space (OS) Zone. Figure 8-2 provides the zoning designations within the vicinity of the Project Area.

The Project Area is located in the vicinity of ongoing industrial operations as well as the City of Quinte West municipal buildings (water intakes, pumphouse, treatment facilities, reservoirs, etc.). Approximately 100 m north of the Project Location (proposed laydown areas) on the east side of the river is an auto wrecking operation, while Cascades pulp and paper mill (currently containerboard packaging manufacturing) began operation immediately south of the Project Location in 1927. No cumulative effects as a result of ongoing City development are anticipated, given the Project Area is located within an established industrial area.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Recreation/Tourism Activities

Ongoing fishing activities within the Trent River and the Bay of Quinte may have some impact on fish populations and fish community dynamics. Fish harvesting has likely resulted in lower populations of the most popular sport fish species (i.e. Walleye) and correspondingly higher populations of competing species and baitfish. Currently, the MNRF manages fishing resources in Ontario waterbodies. During the spring season April 1 to the Friday before the first Saturday in May of each year, the Trent River within the downstream ZOI is closed for fishing to allow for repopulation of species such as Walleye. In addition, licensing and several zoned fishing regulations are in place to govern fishing practices; Zones 17, 18 and 20 fall within the Study Area (MNRF, 2017). With controls and mitigation measures already in place, the proposed Project is not anticipated to have any cumulative effects with current fishing activities. Future effects are addressed in Section 8.3.1.4.3 below.

Ongoing recreational/tourism based activities in the Local Study Area include power boating in the canal cut, canoeing, hunting, walking, scenic viewing at the Trent River and cycling. Current access to the Trent River between Lock 1 entrance and Dam 1 is limited for power boats and sailboats due to shallow water (Navionic charts are showing a depth of 0.0 – 0.3 m). The Local Study Area is well developed with walking trails, picnic tables and parking lots. Angling occurs along the eastern bank. Disturbance to wildlife and natural areas as a result of recreational and tourism based activities is considered to be relatively low within the Local Study Area, accordingly no cumulative effects are anticipated.

8.3.1.4.3 Future Activities Activities that will occur at the same time as operation of the Project will include upstream hydroelectric generation (Sidney GS), and recreation/tourism and resource use similar to those activities that are presently occurring in the Study Area. In addition, other hydroelectric developments on the Otonabee River, and upstream of the Proposed Project are currently undergoing an environmental assessment process with a detailed engineering review. The Trent Severn Waterway is scheduled to undergo comprehensive rehabilitation and replacement projects on several locks and dams upstream from the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project with construction beginning as early as 2018.

Hydroelectric Generation (Sidney GS)

As described above, the nearest upstream lock on the Trent Severn Waterway is Sidney Lock 2, located approximately 1,200 m upstream. Water levels, velocities and velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI will be affected by inflows (discharge from Sidney GS and Dam 2) and outflows (discharge from the Project and Dam 1).

In addition, cumulative effects on fish mortality due to impingement and entrainment in the turbine would potentially affect general fish community located upstream of Dams 1 and 2 (including Walleye, American Eel and River Redhorse).

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Trent-Severn Waterway Rehabilitation – Multiple Locks, To Be Constructed as early as 2018

On April 25, 2017, the Federal Government awarded four contracts totaling $330 million for upgrades to the Trent-Severn Waterway (Government of Canada, 2017). The contracts include the replacement, restoration and repair of dams, locks, canal walls and other water- retaining structures along the waterway. Design work has already begun and some fieldwork has commenced. Major construction will begin as early as 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2020 (Government of Canada, 2017).

The approved projects for the southern sections of Trent Severn Waterway are rehabilitation and replacement projects which include work such as mechanizing of water control systems and improvements to water management systems, erosion control, infrastructure conditions and safety measures. The projects in the southern bundle all include similar construction requirements to complete the rehabilitation. It can be assumed that the environmental effects will be of a similar nature.

Of particular relevance to this CEA, the replacement of Trenton Lock 1 Dam is being planned to be constructed concurrently with the Project. The associated cumulative effects, based on typical construction activities performed during dam construction and/or rehabilitation, are as follows:

• Installation of temporary cofferdams and dewatering work will result in the cumulative modification of flow patterns in the Downstream ZOI dependent upon cofferdam location.

• Installation of temporary cofferdams and dewatering work will likely result in cumulative temporary and permanent alteration of fish habitat during construction of Trenton Lock 1 Dam replacement.

• In-water construction works (e.g. cofferdam construction, erosion protection repairs, etc.) potentially resulting in harmful releases of sediment and/or other materials to sensitive downstream fish/invertebrate habitats.

• Limited fish mortality (including VEC species) during dewatering which may occur despite fish removal efforts and mitigation measures. Benthic invertebrates living within the area which will be occupied and dewatered by the cofferdams will succumb to either smothering (due to cofferdam construction) or desiccation (due to dewatering).

• Cumulative increases in noise and human presence; the potential for accidental injury to and/or mortality of general wildlife and SAR as well as temporary loss of wildlife habitat for general wildlife and SAR.

• Minimal potential loss of public use and access to recreational features are anticipated due to restricted access.

• Increased in local traffic along routes used is expected.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Recreation/Tourism and Fishing

Future recreational activities in the Local Study Area will likely include the existing power boating along the canal, canoeing, walking, scenic viewing at the Trent River, cycling and fishing. Recreational and tourism based activities’ disturbance to wildlife and natural areas is anticipated to continue to be relatively low although recreational fishing will continue to result in a nibbling loss on local fish communities. It is anticipated that the Local Study Area will remain well developed with walking trails, picnic tables, parking lots and municipal infrastructure (Quinte West Water Treatment Plant). During construction and operation of the Project access to the Project Area will be restricted. Furthermore, access along the eastern bank will remain restricted during operation of the Project, limiting access in this area for fishing.

8.3.2 Identification of Mitigation Measures Sections 5 and 6 of this DIA have proposed technically and economically feasible mitigation measures to prevent or minimize adverse effects resulting from construction and operation of the Project. Likewise, it is anticipated that the other projects/actions considered in this CEA will be conducted in accordance with all relevant federal, provincial and municipal legislation to prevent or minimize adverse effects on the VEC considered in the CEA. The following additional mitigation measures are technically or economically feasible to mitigate the potential adverse cumulative effects due to the proposed Project in conjunction with other projects/actions:

• Increased level of coordination between the Proponent, OPG and PCA during Project construction and operation in consideration of operations at Sidney GS.

• The Proponent is working in conjunction with PCA to ensure that the potential for residual adverse effects as a result of concurrent construction of the Trenton Lock 1 Dam is reduced to the extent possible through construction synergies and components sharing.

• Mitigation measures will be implemented at the site of the Project to limit impingement and entrainment in the turbine (including limiting the water velocity in the intake channel, selecting a fish-friendly turbine and installing a trashrack with a 120-mm spacing). In addition, the Proponent and OPG will endeavor to share existing information and studies on fish communities and equipment design.

• In terms of safety of those utilizing the area for recreational purposes, standard construction site best management practices (e.g., security fencing, safety signage, traffic management) should be implemented to minimize the impact on the local community. Furthermore, access to the Project Area during operation will be prohibited, including angling from the east bank.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

8.3.3 Evaluation and Determination of Significance The next phase in the cumulative effects assessment involved evaluating the significance of any residual adverse cumulative effects. The determination of significance is based on Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency’s Determining Whether a Project is Likely to Cause Significant Environmental Effects (FEARO, 1994). Table 2-1 in Section 2.3 provides the definitions for the levels of significance to meet federal and provincial requirements.

Hydroelectric Generation (Sidney GS)

There is a potential for short-term variation to water levels, velocities and velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI and Downstream ZOI during operation. Any variations in water levels, velocities and velocity vectors in the Upstream ZOI would be limited to the reach between Dam 1 and Dam 2 (low geographic extent) and would be temporary (low duration and low frequency) and reversible; therefore, the residual cumulative effect is anticipated to be not significant.

Fish mortality due to impingement and entrainment in the turbine is anticipated to be relatively low (low magnitude) and local fish communities are not expected to be affected (low ecological/social fragility of the region); accordingly, the residual cumulative effect is anticipated to be not significant.

Rehabilitation Replacement of Trenton Lock 1 Dam

The modification of flow patterns in the Downstream ZOI is anticipated to be low in geographic extent, and in an area where the existing river has some resilience to changes in water levels and velocities. Accordingly, this residual cumulative effect is anticipated to be not significant.

Installation of temporary cofferdams and dewatering work will likely result in cumulative temporary and permanent alteration of fish habitat during construction of Trenton Lock 1 Dam replacement. Given the proposed Project as well as the Trenton Lock 1 Dam replacement are anticipated to result in a cumulative effect to fish habitat, including for VEC species, this residual cumulative effect is determined to be significant.

Residual cumulative effects as a result of in-water construction works (e.g. cofferdam construction, erosion protection repairs, etc.) potentially resulting in harmful releases of sediment and/or other materials to sensitive downstream fish/invertebrate habitats following the implementation of mitigation measures are anticipated to be of low magnitude and low duration, as well as reversible resulting in a cumulative residual effect that is not significant.

Limited cumulative fish mortality (including VEC species) during dewatering may occur despite the employment of mitigation measures. Benthic invertebrates living within the area which will be occupied and dewatered by the cofferdams will succumb to either smothering (due to cofferdam construction) or desiccation (due to dewatering). Although mortality is irreversible, the low magnitude of the effect compared to the abundance in the area,

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-10

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

temporary duration of effect and resiliency of the species potentially affected have resulted in a determination that this effect is not significant.

A minor cumulative increase in noise and human presence; the potential for accidental injury to and/or mortality of general wildlife and SAR as well as temporary loss of wildlife habitat for general wildlife and SAR is anticipated following the implementation of mitigation measures. Accordingly, this potential effect is not significant.

The minimal potential loss of public use and access to recreational features anticipated due to restricted access; and increased in local traffic along routes used is anticipated to be not significant due to the low geographic extent (restricted to the Project Area), low duration of effect (limited to construction period) and reversible nature of the effect.

Recreation/Tourism and Fishing

During construction and operation of the Project, access to the Project Area will be restricted. Furthermore, access along the eastern bank will remain restricted during operation of the Project, limiting access in this area for fishing. Although access will be restricted, there are other areas in the vicinity of the Project where access to the river for fishing will continue to be available. Accordingly, this effect is determined to be not significant.

8.3.4 Follow-Up Monitoring The Proponent is proposing to undertake construction and post-construction monitoring programs to ensure that mitigation is effective, confirm the accuracy of the predictions of effect in this DIA and document and address as required any unforeseen adverse effects (see Section 9). No additional monitoring has been identified to address cumulative effects.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 8-11

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

9. Environmental Monitoring Programs Environmental monitoring is proposed during and after project development activities take place. Monitoring programs have been developed for the following two phases of the Project:

1. construction period

2. post-construction operational period.

Construction monitoring and site inspection ensures that the construction activities proposed are undertaken in an environmentally responsible manner in accordance with the DIA, contractor specifications and terms and conditions of permits and approval. Post-construction operational monitoring is used to verify predictions of effect and to confirm the effectiveness of offsetting measures.

Mitigation measures, Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Spill Prevention and Response Plan, Dust Management Plan, Invasive Species Management Plan and Emergency Response Plan will be included in the EMP. The EMP will require acceptance by PCA prior to the permit under the Historic Canal Regulations being issued. Mitigation measures will be sourced from PCA Environmental Standards and Guidelines (ESG) document and Best Management Practices (BMP). 9.1 Pre-construction Compliance Review Preconstruction compliance review involves ensuring that the requisite approvals and permits are procured by the appropriate parties and proper procedures are documented and in place.

Table 9-1 lists the activities which are included in the pre-construction compliance review. Table 9-1: Pre-construction Compliance Review

Item Description

Ensure requisite permits and approvals are obtained: • Authorization under Section 35 of the Fisheries Act (DFO); • Species at Risk Act (SARA) Permit (PCA); • CEAA Approval (PCA); • In-Water and Shoreline Works Permit under the Historic Canal Environmental Permits and Approvals Regulations (PCA) • Research and Collection Permit (PCA) • Dominion Water Power Act (DWPA) and Dominion Water Power Regulations (DWPR) (PCA) • Authorization under Navigation Protection Act (NPA) (TC) • ESA Permit (MNRF)

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Item Description • License to Collect Fish for Scientific Purposes (MNRF) • Environmental Compliance Approvals (MOECC) • Permit under the Development, Interference with Wetlands and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses Regulation (O. Reg. 163/06) (LTCA) • Building Permits (City of Quinte West) Prepare a site-specific Environmental Management Plan for Construction of the Project. The EMP will detail proposed Environmental Management Plan mitigations (methods and equipment) measures that will be implemented during construction.

The Plan will present details of the proposed mitigations (methods and equipment) measures to prevent erosion and sediment release Erosion and Sediment Control Plan in the river which could potentially affects water quality, fish and wildlife. Spill Prevention and Response Plan The Plan will present details of the proposed mitigations (methods and equipment) measures to prevent spills which could potentially result in water, soil, groundwater and/or sediment contamination leading to potential adverse effects on soil, groundwater, sediment quality, aquatic environment, wildlife, vegetation, wetland and SAR. The Plan will also describe the response (remedial and communication) should a spill occurs in spite of mitigation measures.

Dewatering Plan The Plan will present details of the proposed mitigations (methods and equipment) measures that will be implemented during dewatering behing cofferdams and fish removal operations which could potentially affects water quality and/or cause fish mortality. Dust Management Plan The Plan will present details of the proposed mitigations (methods and equipment) measures that will be implemented during construction to limit emission of fugitive dust and mitigate potential effects to the environment.

Invasive Species Management Plan The Plan will present proposed mitigations (methods and equipment) measures that will be implemented during construction to prevent the introduction of invasives species in the Project Area. Waste Management Plan The Plan will present details of the proposed mitigations (methods and equipment) measures that will be implemented to manage waste produced during construction. The Plan will also provide guidance for management, testing, manipulation and disposal of potentially contaminated riverbed substrates. Emergency Response Plan The Plan will describe potential emergency situations, risk assessment, preventive and readiness measures, emergency response, communication and contact lists. The Plan will ensure that potential effects are prevented to the extent possible and that an appropriate response limits potential effects to the environment during emergencies.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Item Description Tender Specifications Incorporate all Contractor obligations as per the DIA document, conditions of permits and approvals and other technical requirements Contractor Obligations Ensure obligations in the tender are met prior to start of construction

Prepare photographic record of existing environment prior to Photographic record construction Flagging of work area boundaries To be undertaken prior to the commencement of site works

9.2 Construction Phase Monitoring during construction serves to assess compliance with this DIA and EMP, the contractor specifications and environmental permit/approval conditions. Construction monitoring also provides information which may prompt changes in the manner in which some construction tasks are undertaken to minimize environmental effects. Tasks such as ensuring the proper disposal of waste and adherence to prepared safety and emergency plans are part of construction monitoring.

Table 9-2 lists the activities which are included in the construction phase monitoring. 9.3 Post-Construction (Operational) Phase Post-construction monitoring occurs after all the infrastructure is in place and the facility is operational. Information obtained from this phase of monitoring serves to verify predicted operational effects and also serves to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented offsetting measures. Table 9-3 summarizes proposed post-construction operational monitoring.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 9-2: Environmental Monitoring Program during Construction

VEC Sub-VEC Parameter Sub-Parameter Monitoring Methodology Monitoring Timing Remedial Action Reporting General Compliance with Compliance with Owner’s Construction Supervisor and Environmental Throughout duration of If contractor is not in compliance, actions will be Results of the monitoring will be Environmental Environmental approved drawings, Inspector will review all site activities on a weekly construction period taken by the owner/owner’s representative and documented in a weekly Protection Management Plan protocols, tender, DIA basis to ensure that the contractor is in compliance contractor as necessary to ensure actions are environmental inspection report and permit and approval with requirements compliant with environmental requirements specifications Air Quality Dust Management Fugitive dust generation Dust will be visually monitored to assess if Throughout the Take mitigation measures to minimize dust Dust conditions will be reported in Plan excessively dusty conditions are present duration of the the weekly environmental construction period inspection report Hydrological Surface Water Settling pond Monitoring settling pond Settling pond discharge will be monitored for turbidity Throughout the If discharge exceeds allowable levels prescribed by Settling pond discharge water Resources Quality or other treatment and total suspended solids (TSS) duration of settling the MOECC ECA, discharge will cease and remedial quality will be reported in the method discharge pond use action will be initiated to ensure discharge criteria annual ECA report to the MOECC sediment levels are satisfied Record of monitoring will be documented daily in the water quality monitoring log. Monitor sediment Sediment accumulation within the pond will be Throughout the When sediment reaches 50% of the design capacity Sediment accumulation will be accumulation in settling measured on a staff gauge installed in the pond duration that the pond it will be cleaned out to the satisfaction of the reported in the weekly pond is in operation owner’s engineer environmental inspection report Settling pond integrity Settling pond embankments, outlet and spillway will Throughout the Remedial repairs implemented as determined Settling pond integrity reported in be visually inspected by a professional engineer to duration that the pond necessary by the inspecting engineer the weekly environmental confirm that the pond remains intact is in operation inspection report Concrete and Monitoring to ensure All concrete structures will be assessed by the Prior to wetting any If concrete is not adequately cured, owner’s Monitoring to be reported in the Cement works leaching of alkaline owner’s engineer to confirm that they are adequately cast-in-place concrete engineer will instruct the contractor to hold off on weekly environmental inspection concrete will not occur cured prior to wetting structure wetting until structure has adequately cured to the report satisfaction of the engineer Monitoring of treatment Automated pH monitoring in the concrete truck Prior to batch If automated monitor determines that pH is outside Automated data logging to be process for concrete rinsing containment facility prior to discharge of flow discharge to settling the allowable range (to be determined by PCA), maintained by logger and truck rinsing facility to the settling pond pond additional treatment time will be required to meet reported in annual ECA report for criteria. Discharge of contained wash water not to wheel washing facility occur until water quality criteria satisfied Monitoring of instream The pH of the Trent River will be monitored Throughout the If pH in the river changes by more than 1 pH unit Monitoring to be reported in the pH values during immediately downstream from the spillway and duration of concreting above background conditions, work will stop and weekly environmental inspection concrete works (training powerhouse work sites using a digital pH meter remedial investigation will be initiated to determine if report wall) the cause is due to concrete works at the site Water quality during Monitoring of turbidity Turbidity will be monitored in an upstream control Daily throughout the If turbidity at the construction site exceeds the level Turbidity monitoring will be in-stream works and suspended sediment location and immediately downstream from the duration of instream at the upstream control by more than the CCME reported in the weekly during in-stream works in-stream work area using a digital turbidity meter. construction activities. guidelines, work will cease and remedial action will environmental inspection report Reference stations (upstream and downstream) will Frequency will be be initiated to control turbidity also be monitored to provide a baseline for increased during comparison. precipitation events. Visual monitoring of Turbidity in the work area will be visually monitored Throughout the If a turbidity plume is observed downstream from the Turbidity monitoring will be turbidity by the construction supervisor duration of instream work area, work will cease and contingency reported in the weekly construction activities measures and remedial action will be initiated to environmental inspection report control turbidity

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-VEC Parameter Sub-Parameter Monitoring Methodology Monitoring Timing Remedial Action Reporting Ensuring all fines Sediment stockpiles will be assessed visually prior to Immediately prior to re- If fine sediments are observed in the substrate Monitoring to be documented in removed prior to re-use re-use on the riverbed to ensure that all fine use material, the contractor will be instructed to the weekly environmental on riverbed materials have been adequately removed by the implement remedial actions to remove the fines to inspection report screening process the satisfaction of the owner’s engineer Aquatic General Instream construction Monitor construction Environmental inspector and construction supervisor Throughout the If in-water construction activities are occurring Monitoring will be reported in the Environment timing restrictions works to ensure no will monitor the activities of the contractor to ensure duration of the outside the timing window without the prior approval weekly environmental inspection instream construction that timing window restrictions are adhered to construction period of MNRF/PCA/DFO, activity will cease until it is report occurs outside of approved or timing restriction is over allowable window unless otherwise approved by MNRF/PCA/DFO Cofferdam Monitor dewatering Dewatering activities will be visually monitored prior Immediately prior to If pumps are not properly shrouded, dewatering will Monitoring will be reported in the dewatering activities to ensure to commencement to ensure that pumps are properly dewatering not be permitted to commence until remedial action weekly environmental inspection dewatering pumps are shrouded to prevent fish entrainment is undertaken report shrouded Monitoring to ensure that Fish removal from dewatered areas will be monitored Prior to each initial If fish are not completely removed from the area to Fish removal will be reported to all fish are adequately by an aquatic biologist to ensure all fish are properly dewatering event be dewatered, final dewatering will not be allowed applicable agencies. removed from removed (as per Scientific Collector’s Permit) and until removal is complete dewatering area transported back to the watercourse (in the case of non-invasive species) General Construction Monitor work in water to All aquatic habitat offsetting features (e.g., habitat Throughout the If a significant deviation from the approved plans Monitoring will be reported in the Monitoring ensure that works are enhancement areas, etc.) will be monitored during duration of instream occurs or is required for some unanticipated reason, annual monitoring report constructed in and immediately following their installation by a construction events it will be discussed with PCA, MNRF and DFO. If prepared in accordance with the accordance with permits fisheries biologist to ensure they have been unacceptable to these agencies, corrective actions requirements of the Fisheries Act and approvals constructed in accordance with PCA/DFO/MNRF will be initiated Authorization requirements Monitoring will also be documented in the weekly environmental inspection report. Aquatic Habitat Habitat in dewatered Photographs will be taken of substrate and other Upon completion of Record of existing conditions will be used to review Photographs will be provided to Conditions areas aquatic habitat features in dewatered areas. dewatering behind mitigation and offsetting requirements in light of DFO, MNRF and PCA. cofferdams enhanced understanding of existing conditions following dewatering. Habitat outside excavation area will have to be returned to original conditions prior cofferdam removal. Vegetation General Vegetation General construction Environmental inspector will ensure that construction Throughout the Work will cease if activities are identified in areas Monitoring activities will be monitoring to ensure that activities do not extend beyond the work areas and duration of beyond the demarcated construction work areas. reported in the weekly construction does not that mitigation measures are implemented and construction. environmental inspection report. extend beyond the working effectively. identified work areas. Site restoration/re- Monitor the success of Environmental inspector will ensure that the Throughout the Work will cease if activities occur that are not Monitoring activities will be vegetation site restoration/re- successful implementation of the site restoration / re- duration of site completed in accordance with the approved site reported in the weekly vegetation activities to vegetation plan. restoration / re- restoration / re-vegetation plan. Revegetation will be environmental inspection report. ensure that performance vegetation. conducted accordingly. objectives are being met. Invasive Species Invasive Species Monitor compliance with Environmental inspector and construction supervisor Throughout the Work will cease if activities occur that are not Monitoring activities will be Management Plan Invasive Species will monitor the activities of the contractor to ensure duration of completed in accordance with the Invasive Species reported in the weekly Management Plan compliance with Invasive Species Management Plan construction. Management Plan environmental inspection report.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-VEC Parameter Sub-Parameter Monitoring Methodology Monitoring Timing Remedial Action Reporting Wildlife and General Wildlife and Wildlife Monitor to ensure Environmental inspector will ensure mitigation Prior to the start of If construction activities occur within a timing Monitoring activities will be Terrestrial SAR Habitat construction activities are measures are in place and functioning per design. construction and window, the area will be surveyed prior to the reported in the weekly performed in compliance throughout construction construction activity to search for wildlife. The area environmental inspection report. with timing restrictions. will be searched by a qualified biologist to ensure that wildlife or wildlife habitat (e.g., bird nests, turtle nests) are not disturbed.

If any mammals, snakes, amphibians or turtles (that are not nesting, only basking or moving between habitats) are observed in the work area, they will be relocated or directed to an area away and safe from construction (by a qualified biologist).

Where nesting activity (birds and turtles) are identified within the work area, all work will cease and the area demarcated. Work may need to cease within a specified distance of the habitat until it is no longer in use. Engagement with MNRF is required to determine appropriate setbacks and timing windows. Mortality of wildlife or Monitor to ensure mitigation measures are Prior to the start of If incidental take of species of conservation concern Monitoring activities will be trapped wildlife as they implemented to ensure the safe passage of wildlife construction and are recorded, work will be ceased until such time as reported in the weekly move between habitats and that access to and from habitats is maintained throughout construction a trained biologist can state that no other individuals environmental inspection report. but directed away from the construction area. of the species is present in the work area. Injured wildlife, specifically reptiles, will be taken to a wildlife Construction monitoring will be completed to rehabilitation center. ensure erosion and sediment control measures and exclusionary fencing are in place and working If any mammals, snakes, amphibians or turtles (that effectively. Exclusionary fencing should not prohibit are not nesting, only basking or moving between access to nearby habitats. Where required, redirect habitats) are observed in the work area, they will be species to areas where they can avoid the potential relocated or directed to an area away and safe from for incidental take and still have access to habitats. construction (by a qualified biologist). Erosion and sediment controls and exclusionary fencing will be checked daily during the breeding Contingency measures will be implemented as season for birds, reptiles and amphibians to ensure needed (i.e. additional exclusion zones or fencing). mitigation measures are installed and functioning properly and any deficiencies will be repaired immediately. Pollution Soils Erosion and Adequacy in preventing All construction areas will be visually assessed daily Throughout the Requirement for remedial action will be at the Erosion and sediment control Sediment Control erosion and by a designated environmental inspector to duration of the discretion of the environmental inspector measure adequacy will be Plan sedimentation determine the adequacy of the erosion and sediment construction period Contingency measures will be implemented as reported in a weekly control measures (daily) needed (i.e. revision of designs). environmental inspection report Sediment Fences Visual inspection of all sediment fences to ensure Monitoring will occur Sediment fences must be repaired immediately if Sediment fence status will be they are properly constructed and to assess daily as long as the they are found to have failed reported on a weekly basis in the sediment accumulation behind the fence Sediment fences environmental inspection report remain in place. Sediment must be removed if it accumulates to half Monitoring will be the height of the geotextile material conducted after precipitation events. Stockpiles Visual inspection of all soil stockpiles for erosion Throughout the Take action when necessary to control erosion Stockpile status will be reported duration the stockpile is in a weekly environmental in place inspection report

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

VEC Sub-VEC Parameter Sub-Parameter Monitoring Methodology Monitoring Timing Remedial Action Reporting Check dams Visual monitoring to ensure check dam integrity, Throughout the Remedial action will be initiated if it is observed that Check dam status will be assess functionality and measure sediment duration the check dam rocks have been redistributed in a manner that reported in a weekly accumulation is in place (if would affect functionality and/or if erosion (e.g., bank environmental inspection report temporary) slumping, down cutting of the channel) is observed

Sediment should be removed from the upside side of the check dam when accumulation becomes visible Limit of work Limit of work devices will be inspected around the Throughout the Construction site boundaries will be flagged or other Limit of work boundary status will flagging/restriction construction site to ensure they are in place and that duration of the restriction devices installed if they are found to not be reported in a weekly devices the contractor is adhering to them construction period be in place environmental inspection report

Importance of adherence to limit of work boundaries will be reinforced with contractor if they are not being adhered to Riverbank stability Stability of river banks River banks in powerhouse and downstream channel Throughout the Remedial action will be undertaken as necessary to Bank stability monitoring will be modification area will be visually monitored for duration of the stabilize banks documented in weekly stability construction period environmental inspection report Soil Compaction Compaction in areas for Areas designated for revegetation will be visually Immediately prior to If compaction with the potential to inhibit vegetation Compaction monitoring will be revegetation monitored for signs of compaction (i.e., rutting, site restoration growth is present, remedial action will be reported in the weekly surface flattening) prior to site restoration implemented environmental inspection report Spills Spill Prevention and Ensure all employees A record of training will be maintained to document Throughout duration of If employees/contractors are working on site without Monitoring will be reported in Response Plan and contractors trained in training received by employees and contractors – construction having received proper training in spill response and weekly environmental inspection spill prevention and training log to be reviewed by the environmental reporting protocols, they will be instructed to stop report response inspector work until such time as they have been trained Ensure all refueling and Refueling and maintenance practices will be Throughout duration of If improper refueling or maintenance practices are Monitoring observations and maintenance occurs in informally monitored by construction supervisor and construction observed, the contractor will be instructed to adhere recommended actions will be designated areas environmental inspector to established protocols – monitoring by construction documented in the weekly supervisor and environmental inspector to become environmental inspection report more frequent following an incident of non- compliance Ensure all hazardous Construction area will be visually assessed to ensure Throughout duration of If hazardous materials are being stored outside Hazardous material storage materials stored in all hazardous materials are stored in designated construction period designated areas, the contractor will be instructed to monitoring will be documented in designated locations storage locations when hazardous properly store materials. Follow up monitoring the weekly environmental materials are used on conducted as necessary to ensure actions inspection report site completed to satisfaction of engineer. Monitoring integrity of Visual inspection of containment areas / drip trays to Throughout period that If in the opinion of the environmental inspector and Containment area monitoring will secondary containment confirm presence and assess integrity containment areas are the Owner’s engineer, the containment areas are not be documented in the weekly around storage areas in use sufficient, remedial action will be initiated to ensure environmental inspection report adequacy. Follow up monitoring conducted as necessary to ensure actions completed to satisfaction of engineer. Monitor equipment Visually monitor equipment to ensure it is not leaking Throughout the If leaks are observed, the piece of equipment will be Equipment monitoring will be containing fluids or prone to leaking fluids duration of construction shut off and removed from sensitive areas until such documented in the weekly time as the leak is repaired environmental inspection report Monitor work area for Work area will be monitored for signs of Following completion of If contamination is observed, the contaminated soil Monitoring will be documented in signs of contamination contamination (e.g., fluid stains, dead or stressed construction, prior to will be removed and disposed of as per provincial the weekly environmental vegetation) prior to site remediation site restoration and federal regulations. SAC and PCA will be inspection report notified.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Table 9-3: Environmental Monitoring during Operations

Environmental Monitoring Frequency and Parameter Sub-Parameter Monitoring Methodology Anticipated Data Product Trigger for Action Reporting Component Timing Noise Noise Emissions – Changes to ambient Ambient sound levels are to be monitored as Monitoring will occur as per Ambient sound level If sound level measurements are in The data will be Acoustic Audit sound levels during required by the MOECC ECA for Noise Emissions the requirements of the ECA measurements and excess of allowable limits, as identified in reported as per the Project operation under the Environmental Protection Act, in for Noise Emissions assessment of compliance the ECA, the Proponent will be advised to requirements of the accordance with the Acoustic Audit protocols with noise emissions address the problem through preparation ECA for Noise specified by MOECC. criteria and implementation of a Noise Emissions and Abatement Action Plan, as part of an Acoustic Audit application for amendment of the ECA. Requirements Retesting will occur as necessary to ensure emissions meet stated limits. Hydrological Water Quality Surface water Surface water Water quality results to compare to baseline and Three times per year (spring, No action required Water quality monitoring results will be Monitoring to be Resources chemistry samples will be PWQO and CWQG summer, fall) in Years 1 and documented in an annual Operational documented in annual collected at baseline 2 following construction Environmental Monitoring report Operational monitoring stations Environmental and submitted for Monitoring Report analysis of parameters monitored during baseline studies Riverbank Stability Erosion of the The riverbank will be visually assessed for signs Once per year in summer of Professional assessment Significant riverbank erosion (e.g., large Bank stability riverbank in the of erosion. Erosion areas will be photographed Years 1, 2 and 3 following of riverbank erosion slumps, widespread erosion, numerous monitoring to be upstream wetland and described and the need for remedial action commencement of conditions in upstream falling trees) will be remediated as reported in the annual area will be assessed. operations reach necessary to ensure the long-term Operational stability of the riverbank. Assessment for Environmental remedial action to be made by Monitoring Report professional engineer Surface Water Water Levels Upstream water The upstream water level will be recorded at the Hourly (on top of the hour) Instantaneous hourly If water levels are outside the Normal An annual water level Hydrology and levels upstream face of the intake structure using a real- for duration of facility lifetime water level readings, on Operating Zone limits, actions will be report will be Hydraulics time water level transducer – results will be linked the top of the hour initiated as per the requirements of submitted to PCA as to facility control system operating agreements. part of the compliance monitoring program. An Event Report will be prepared for any water levels that are out of compliance with the plan. Flow Rates Flow through the Flow through the powerhouse will be calculated Hourly for duration of facility Instantaneous hourly flow No action required An annual flow report powerhouse on an hourly basis based on the amount of power lifetime through powerhouse will be submitted to generated – results will be linked to the facility PCA as part of the control system. compliance monitoring program Aquatic Fish Communities Fish community Fish Community monitoring will be determined Anticipated Years are 2, 5 Species No trigger for action Fish community data Environment during the permit and approvals process given and 10 following construction presence/absence, will be reported in an the area is a sensitive and highly used area. percent composition and annual Operational electro-fishing catch-per- Environmental unit-effort (CPUE) Monitoring Report Aquatic Habitat Habitat Offsetting Any offsetting areas will be assessed for habitat Anticipated Years 1, 2, 5 and Documented habitat If habitat is not functioning as designed Habitat monitoring to Locations conditions including substrate stability, water 10 following construction variables (i.e., too fast or too deep) or substrate is be documented in depth and flow velocity (where safe to do so). not stable (e.g., substrate changes annual Operational observed) remedial action and Environmental contingency plans will be initiated to Monitoring Report extend possible to create appropriate conditions

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Environmental Monitoring Frequency and Parameter Sub-Parameter Monitoring Methodology Anticipated Data Product Trigger for Action Reporting Component Timing Vegetation Vegetation Site restoration / re- Sites that have been revegetated will be visually Twice per year for the first 2 Documented status of If any shrubs or trees are dead, they will Site restoration vegetation monitored to assess success of revegetation years following construction restored site be replaced. If 80% surface area monitoring to be efforts. All planted trees and shrubs will be coverage does not develop in the documented in the assessed for survival and the surface area wildflower/grass planting beds by the end annual Operational coverage of grass/wildflower planting areas will of the Year 3 monitoring period, the Environmental be assessed to determine adequacy in controlling Proponent will undertake remedial Monitoring Report. erosion. plantings to achieve this target. Wetland Boundary and Existing wetlands will be monitored to determine Anticipated Years are 2, 5 Community type, wetland Size reduction or critical functionality To be included within Vegetation any boundary, vegetation community and and 10 following construction boundary and functionality change Operational Composition functionality changes as a result of the comparison Environmental Wetlands stabilization of water levels at 80.1 masl Monitoring Report during applicable years. Pollution Spills Spill Prevention Ensure all A record of training will be maintained to As required any time new Confirmation that all new If contractors and staff have not been Training log will be and Response employees and document training received by employees and employees or contractors staff and contractors have trained, they must stop work until updated as required Plan contractors trained in contractors – training log to be maintained on-site are working on site been trained in procedures receiving adequate training spill prevention and response Ensure all refueling Refueling and maintenance practices will be As required, informally Implemented procedures If procedures are not being adhered to, Informal reporting in and maintenance informally monitored by site operator to ensure compared to written site operator must alter his activities site operator’s log occurs in designated required mitigation being implemented procedures to verify areas compliance Ensure all hazardous Powerhouse will be visually assessed to ensure Monthly, as part of operators Verification that all storage If material not properly stored, remedial Monitoring and actions materials stored in all hazardous materials are stored in designated normal site monitoring as per requirements action initiated immediately to ensure reported in operators designated locations storage locations proper storage. Procedures for material log handling to be reviewed and amended as required if non-compliance observed Monitoring integrity Visual inspection of containment areas to assess Monthly, as part of operators Verification that all If containment areas not functioning as Monitoring and actions of secondary integrity normal site monitoring containment as per designed they must be reviewed by a reported in operators containment around requirements qualified inspector and remedial actions log storage areas initiated as required to ensure proper working Monitor equipment Visually monitor equipment in powerhouse to Monthly, as part of operators Verification that all If leaks are observed, site operator will Monitoring and actions containing fluids ensure it is not leaking or prone to leaking fluids normal site monitoring equipment is leak free initiate repairs to ensure no leaks are reported in operators occurring log

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 9-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

10. Summary Potential effects (both positive and negative) on the natural and socioeconomic environment were identified. Short-term, low magnitude negative residual effects will occur during the construction period; however, mitigation measures have been proposed, with the result being that negative residual adverse effects are not anticipated to be significant for that phase of the Project.

Some longer-term potential effects of varying magnitude were identified as being likely during the operational period of the proposed facility. This DIA has recommended technically and economically feasible mitigation measures to prevent and minimize negative residual effects for most of these potential effects, thus reducing the residual effects to a level that is not significant.

As proposed, the Project will result in destruction and permanent alteration of critical habitat of a federally listed SAR, the Channel Darter. The Proponent has considered alternatives to avoid destruction of habitat, has proposed mitigation measures, including the provision of a minimum ecological flow, limiting destruction and permanent alteration of habitat. The assessment conducted indicates that the Project will not jeopardize the survival of the species. The process employed satisfies the SARA three (3) preconditions for issuance of a SARA permit.

As proposed, the Project will result in serious harm to fish resulting from fish mortality, permanent alteration and destruction of fish habitat of a CRA fishery. The serious harm t will occur for all species including Walleye, Lake Whitefish and Cisco, which are fish species identified as VECs and for River Redhorse, Lake Sturgeon and American Eel, which are provincially listed species.

Serious harm to fish habitat, despite implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, remains and will require a Section 35 Fisheries Act Authorization. This DIA has concluded that these adverse residual effects to fish habitat and biota have been determined to be significant based on the criteria set out in Section 2.3.

Offsetting is intended to provide tangible conservation outcomes for fish and fish habitat that may reasonably be expected to counterbalance the loss of fish habitat and fisheries productivity as a result of the negative impacts of projects (DFO, 2013). Offsetting measures could take a variety of forms ranging from localized improvements to fish habitat to more complex measures that address limiting factors to fish production. One potential offsetting option for this Project may be a replacement of habitat similar to the type of habitat that is affected by the Project. The Proponent will be required to submit an offsetting plan to demonstrate that the measures and standards will be fully applied to first avoid, then mitigate, and finally offset any residual serious harm to fish. Any proposed offsetting measures will have to be shown to be able to maintain or improve the productivity of fisheries.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 10-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Figure 10.1 identify areas that could be possibly used. Offsetting possibilities may exist within or downstream of the tailrace channel. The Plunge Pool immediately downstream of Dam 1 also presents an opportunity for offsetting to occur. These areas were identified as they would not result in additional destruction or alteration of Channel Darter’s critical habitat. The determination of further mitigation and/or offsetting measures requires discussion and resolution with PCA, DFO and MNRF. This is anticipated to occur further to the submission of this DIA.

The mitigation measures contained in this document will become part of the Contractor’s obligations for this Project as applicable. The Contractor/Proponent will prepare an Environmental Management Plan documenting mitigation measures to be implemented by the contractor to prevent and/or minimize adverse effects on the environment during construction. Adherence to the mitigation measures identified in the EMP will become a firm contractual requirement for the Project construction contractor. The contractor will also be required to prepare an erosion and sediment control plan prior to implementation of construction. Both the EMP and erosion and sediment control plan will be forwarded to regulatory agencies for review and approval prior to implementation.

The Proponent will appoint an environmental inspector at the Project site to ensure implementation of the preconstruction and construction monitoring programs. The Proponent and its environmental consultant will be responsible for the post-construction environmental monitoring program.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 10-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

11. List of References Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan. 2015. Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan Monitoring Report #24. Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Bird Studies Canada. 2006. Environment Canada's Canadian Wildlife Service, Ontario Nature, Ontario Field Ornithologists and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas Website. http://www.birdsontario.org/atlas/index.jsp

BluMetric Environmental Inc. 2017. Canal Sediment Investigation Report Coboconk Dam and Trenton Dam #1 and Lock #1. Submitted to Public Works and Government Services Canada. March 2017.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 2014. Particulate Matter and Ground-level Ozone. Retrieved from Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment: http://www.ccme.ca/en/resources/air/pm_ozone.html

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 2004. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Phosphorus: Canadian Guidance Framework for the Management of Freshwater Systems. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 2004, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 2003a. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). (2017, June 07). Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners' Guide. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from http://www.ceaa.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=43952694-1&toc=show&offset=6

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). 2008. Public Participation Guide. Available online at http://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/012/019/index_e.htm Accessed November 5, 2008.

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). 2006. Ministerial Guideline on Assessing the Need for and Level of Public Participation in Screenings under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. Available online at http://www.ceaa.gc.ca/013/006/ministerial_guideline_e.htm. Accessed December 5, 2007.

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioner’s Guide. Online at http://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/013/0001/0004/2_e.htm. Accessed (November 9, 2004).

Chapman, L. J., & Putnam, D. F. (1984). The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-1

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Cheminfo Services Inc. 2005. Best Practices for the Reduction of Air Emissions from Construction and Demolition Activities. Prepared for Environment Canada. March 2005. 49 pp.

City of Quinte West. (2017, January). City of Quinte West Community Profile. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://www.quintewest.ca/en/open-for-business/resources/1-2017-FINAL- Community-Profile.pdf

City of Quinte West. (2017). City of Quinte West By-law Zoning. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://www.quintewest.ca/en/your-city-hall/zoningbylaws.asp

COSEWIC. 2012. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Eastern Musk Turtle Sternotherusodoratus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xiii + 68 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm).

COSEWIC. 2006. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the American eel Anquilla rostrata in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. X + 71 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm).

DeJong-Hughes, J., Moncreif, J.F., Vorhees, W.B. and J.B. Swan. 2001. Soil Compaction Causes, Effects and Control. Regents of the University of Minnesota. Available online at http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/DC3115.html. Accessed November 28, 2007.

Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS). 2014. Glass, W.R, Mandrak, N.E. and Koops, M.A. 2014. Application of the Ecologically Significant Species Criteria to the Aquatic Community of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2014/043. v + 32 p.

DFO. 2016. American Eel, Aquatic Species at Risk. Available online at: http://www.dfo- mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/profiles-profils/eel-anguille-eng.html. Accessed February 20, 2018.

Dobbyn, J.S. 1994. Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario. Federation of Ontario Naturalists. 122 pp.

Durif, C, P. Elie, C. Gosset, J. Rives and F. Travade. 2003 Behavioural study of downstream migrating eels by radio-telemetry at a small hydroelectric power plant. in Biology, Management and Protection of Catadromous Eels. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 33:343-356.

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 2001. Review and documentation of research and technologies on passage and protection of downstream migrating Catadromous eels at Hydroelectric facilities. Final report, November 2001, 270 p

EMAN-North. 2005. Northern Waters: A Guide to Designing and Conducting Water Quality Monitoring in Northern Canada. Northern Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN-North).

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-2

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Environment Canada. 2017a. Bank Swallow. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=1233

Environment Canada. 2017b. Barn Swallow. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=1147

Environment Canada. 2017c. Chimney Swift. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=951

Environment Canada. 2017d. Common nighthawk. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=986

Environment Canada. 2017e. Eastern Ribbonsnake. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep- sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=709

Environment Canada. 2017f. Eastern Milksnake. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=714

Environment Canada. 2017g. Golden-Winged Warbler. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep- sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=942

Environment Canada. (2017h, April 3). Historical Climate Data. Retrieved from Government of Canada: http://climate.weather.gc.ca/

Environment Canada. 2017i. King Rail. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=24

Environment Canada. 2017j. Least Bittern. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=51

Environment Canada. 2017k. Olive-sided flycatcher. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep- sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=999

Environment Canada. 2017l. Red-headed Woodpecker. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep- sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=57

Environment Canada. 2017m. Red Shouldered Hawk. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep- sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=58

Environment Canada. 2017n. Western Chorus Frog. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep- sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=1018.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-3

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

EMAN-North. 2005. Northern Waters: A Guide to Designing and Conducting Water Quality Monitoring in Northern Canada. Northern Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN-North).

Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office (FEARO). 1994. Determining Whether a Project is Likely to Cause Significant Adverse Environmental Effects. A Reference Guide for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. November 1994. 16 pp.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2017. Species Profile – Eastern pondmussel. Species at Risk Public Registry. Available Online at: http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=961

Golder Associates Ltd, 2011. Recovery Strategy for Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) – Northwestern Ontario, Great Lakes-Upper St. Lawrence River and Southern Hudson Bay - James Bay populations in Ontario. Ontario Recovery Strategy Series. Prepared for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, ON, Canada, vii + 77 pp.

Government of Ontario, 2017a. Eastern Musk Turtle (Stinkpot). Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/eastern-musk-turtle-stinkpot

Government of Ontario, 2017b. Eastern small footed myotis. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/eastern-small-footed-myotis

Government of Ontario, 2017c. Eastern Wood Pewee. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/eastern-wood-pewee

Government of Canada. (2017, April 25). Significant Milestone reached as Government of Canada Awards $330 Million in Construction Contracts for Trent-Severn Waterway Infrastructure. Retrieved May 26, 2017, from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services- procurement/news/2017/04/significant_milestonereachedasgovernmentofcanadaawards330 million.html?=undefined&wbdisable=true

Government of Ontario, 2016a. Black Tern. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/black-tern

Government of Ontario, 2016b. Jefferson Salamander. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/jefferson-salamander

Government of Ontario, 2016c. Little Brown Myotis. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/little- brown-myotis.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-4

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Government of Ontario, 2016d. Northern myotis. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/northern-myotis

Government of Ontario, 2016e. Tri-colored bat. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/tri-colored-bat

Government of Ontario, 2015a. Eastern pondmussel. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/eastern-pondmussel

Government of Ontario, 2015c. River redhorse. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/river-redhorse.

Government of Ontario, 2015d. Wood Thrush. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Available Online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/wood-thrush

Government of Canada. 2006. Climate Change website: www.climatechange.gc.ca

Harris, J.A., and P. Birch. 1999. Soil microbial activity in opencast coal mine restorations. Soil Use and Management 5(4): 155-160. Cited in Strohmayer, 1999.

Health Canada. 1998. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – Supporting Document – Aluminum. November 1998. Available online at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water- eau/doc_sup-appui/index_e.html (Accessed November 11, 2008).

Health Canada. 1994. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – Supporting Document – Sulphate. November 1987, edited October 1992. Available online at http://www.hc- sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/index_e.html (Accessed April 11, 2007).

Health Canada. 1992a. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – Supporting Document – Sodium. May 1979, updated December 1992. Available online at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh- semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/index_e.html (Accessed March 12, 2009).

Health Canada. 1992b. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – Supporting Document – Nitrate/Nitrite. June 1987, edited October 1992. Available online at http://www.hc- sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/index_e.html (Accessed April 11, 2007).

Health Canada. 1987a. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – Supporting Document – Chloride. April 1979, Updated November 1987. Available online at http://www.hc- sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/index_e.html (Accessed April 11, 2007).

Health Canada. 1987b. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – Supporting Document – Calcium. September 1978, Updated November 1987. Available online at http://www.hc- sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/index_e.html (Accessed March 12, 2009).

Health Canada. 1979 (updated 1992). Healthy Living - Copper. Available Online at: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/canada/health-canada/migration/healthy-

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-5

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

canadians/publications/healthy-living-vie-saine/water-copper-cuivre-eau/alt/water-copper- cuivre-eau-eng.pdf.

Health Canada. 1978. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – Guideline Technical Document – Total Dissolved Solids. September 1978, Updated January 1991. Available online at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/tds-mdt/index-eng.php#ref_5. Accessed January 2017.

Hegmann, G., C. Cocklin, R. Creasey, S. Dupuis, A. Kennedy, L. Kingsley, W. Ross, H. Spaling and D. Stalker. 1999. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide. Prepared by AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. and the CEA Working Group for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Hull, Quebec.

Heuvel and Edwards.1996. Lake Sturgeon Rehabilitation in the Bay of Quinte. Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan Working Group. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Moira River Conservation Authority.

Inside Belleville. (2016, June 10). Quinte celebrates grand opening of Trent Port Marina. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from https://www.insidebelleville.com/news-story/6717039-quinte- celebrates-grand-opening-of-trent-port-marina/

Hessen, D. O., Faafeng, B. A. and Andersen, T. 1995. Competition or niche segregation between Holopedium and Daphnia; empirical light on abiotic key parameters. Hydrobiologia, 307, 253–261.

Hessen, D. O., Alstad, N. E. W. and Skardal, L. 2000. Ca limitation in Daphnia magna. J. Plankton Res., 22, 553–568.

Johanson, P. and McNevin, B., 2007. A fish habitat management plan for the Bay of Quinte. Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan, 47.

Jones, K.C. and B.G. Bennett. 1986. Exposure of man to environmental aluminum – an exposure commitment assessment. Sci. Total Environ., 52:65-82. (Cited in Health Canada, 1998)

Larinier and Travade. 2002 Chapter 13 Downstream Migration: Problems and Facilities Available Online at https://www.kmae- journal.org/articles/kmae/abs/2002/04/kmae2002364s181/kmae2002364s181.html

Lee, H.T., W.D. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig and S. McMurray. 1998. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: First Approximation and Its Applications. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Filed Guide FG-02.

Lower Trent River Conservation Authority (LTCA). 2016. Distribution of Fish Species at Risk. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Available online at: http://www.dfo- mpo.gc.ca/Library/356763_LowerTrent_EN.pdf

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-6

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

Maple Reinders. (2017, April 26). Maple Reinders Awarded Contracts for Trent-Severn Waterway Infrastructure Rehabilitation Projects. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from http://www.maple.ca/news/maple-reinders-awarded-contracts-for-trent-severn-waterway-i

McGrath, K.J., J. Bernier, S. Ault, J-D. Dutil and K. Reid. 2003. Differentiating downstream migrating American eels Anguilla rostrata from resident eels in the St. Lawrence River, in Biology, Management and Protection of Catadromous Eels. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 33;315- 327.

Miller, R.G., Kopfler, F.C., Kelty, K.C., Stober, J.A., and N.S. Ulmer. 1984. The occurrence of aluminum in drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 76:84-91. (Cited in Health Canada, 1998)

Ministry of the Environment and Energy (MOEE). 1994. Water Management Policies Guidelines Provincial Water Quality Objectives. Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. July 1994, Reprinted February 1999.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2017. Fish ON-Line GIS Database. Retrieved from Ministry ofhttps://www.gisapplication.lrc.gov.on.ca/FishONLine/Index.html?site=FishONLine&viewer= FishONLine&locale=en-US

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). 2016. Lake Ontario Fish Communities and Fisheries: 2015 Annual Report of the Lake Ontario Management Unit. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Picton, Ontario, Canada.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). 2015a. Sturgeon Assessment Project, Trent River, September- October 2015. Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Peterborough, Ontario Canada.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). 2015b. Significant Wildlife Habitat Criteria Schedules For Ecoregion 6E. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Regional Operations Division. Peterborough, Ontario Canada.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). 2013. Land Information Ontario Wetland Unit Data. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry- Provincial Mapping Unit. June 6th 2013. Peterborough, Ontario Canada

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). March, 2010. Natural Heritage Reference Manual for Natural Heritage Policies of the Provincial Policy Statement, 2005. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Second Edition. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 248 pp

Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC). (2017). Belleville: AQHI. Retrieved from Ministry of Environment and Climate Change:

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-7

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

http://www.airqualityontario.com/aqhi/search.php?stationid=54012&show_day=1&start_day= 1&start_month=1&start_year=2016&submit_search=Get+AQHI+Readings

Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC). (2017, June 1). Belleville: Station Information. Retrieved from Ministry of Environment and Climate Change: http://www.airqualityontario.com/history/station.php?stationid=54012

Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC). 2008. Air Quality in Ontario 2007 Report. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 118 pp.

Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC). 2007. Code of Practice – Consultation in Ontario’s Environmental Assessment Process. June 2007. Available online at: www.ene.gov.on.ca/envisions/ea/index.htm.

NRCan. (2016, February 10). Search the Earthquake Database. Retrieved from Natural Resources Canada: http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca

OGS. 2016. Bedrock Geology of Southern Ontario. The Ontario Geological Survey.

OGS. 2003. Surficial Geology of Southern Ontario. The Ontario Geological Survey.

Ontario Nature. 2017. Ontario Reptile and Amphibian Atlas Interactive Range Maps. Available online at https://www.ontarionature.org/dynamic-maps/dynamic-maps/. Accessed January 25, 2016.

Ontario Power Generation. (2017). Ranney Falls Project. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://www.opg.com/generating-power/hydro/projects/ranney-falls/Pages/ranney-falls.aspx

Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. (2011). Geology of the Southern Ontario District. Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines.

PCA. 2017. Trent Severn Waterway National Historic Site, Water Management. Available online at: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/on/trentsevern/info/gestion-eau-water- management. March 30, 2017. Accessed on May 23, 2017.

PCA. 2016a. Parks Canada Agency Design and Operational Principles. Accessed through the Parks Canada Agency Water-Power Policy FTP Site.

PCA. 2016b. Personal Communication to Hatch from J. Tymoshuk to K. Vukovics, December 1, 2016. PCA comments on Draft Project Description of the Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project.

PCA. 2015. Guide to the Parks Canada Environmental Impact Analysis Process. Natural Resource Conservation Branch, Parks Canada. June 19, 2015

PCA. 2013. Cultural Resource Management Policy. Heritage Conservation Branch, Parks Canada. January 1, 2013

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-8

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

PCA. 2010. Canada’s Historic Places: Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada – A Federal, Provincial and Territorial Collaboration. Second Edition. Government of Canada Catalogue No. R62-343/2010E-PDF. ISBN 978-1-100- 15953-9

PCA. 2009. Directive for Dam Safety Program of Parks Canada Dams and Water-Retaining Structures. January, 2009.

PCA. 2007. Rideau Canal and Trent--Severn Waterway national historic sites of Canada Policies for In-Water and Shoreline Works and Related Activities. Government of Canada Catalogue No. R63-347/2007E. ISBN: 978-0-662-45565-3

PCA. 2000. Canada Trent–Severn Waterway national historic site of Canada Management Plan. Government of Canada Catalogue No. R63-226/2000E. ISBN 0-662-25627-1. Ottawa. October 2000.

PCA. 1994. Parks Canada Guiding Principles and Operational Policies. Heritage Conservation Branch, Parks Canada. March 1994

Province of British Columbia. 2007. Interim Standards and Best Practices for Instream Work, Appendix IV: concrete work. Online at http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/BMP/concrete.html. Accessed February 20, 2009.

Putnam, D. F., & Chapman, L. J. (2007). The Physiography of Southern Ontario. OGS.

Scott, W.B. and Crossman, E.J., 1973. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184, 966 pp.

Shoreplan Engineering Ltd and Tarandus Associates Limited. 2013. Individual Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Municipal Marina City of Quinte West. Prepared for the City of Quinte West. Available online at: http://www.quintewest.ca/en/your-city- hall/resources/MarinaIndividualEnvironmentalAssessmentJune2013webpost.pdf

Statistics Canada. 2013. Quinte West, CY, Ontario (Code 3512015) (table). National Household Survey (NHS) Profile. 2011 National Household Survey. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-004-XWE. Ottawa. Released September 11, 2013. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2017).

Statistics Canada. 2016. Quinte West, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario and Hastings, CTY [Census division], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released May 3, 2017. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census- recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2017).

Statistics Canada. 2017. Quinte West, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-9

Trenton Lock 1 Hydro LP Project Management Report Trenton Lock 1 Hydro Project Environment Sustainability and Community Interface Management H351681 Detailed Impact Analysis Report - DRAFT

X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census- recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 11, 2018).

Tessier, A. J. and Horwitz, R. J. 1990. Influence of water chemistry on size structure of zooplankton assemblages. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 47,1937–1943.

Watene, E.M., J.A.T. Boubée and A. Haro. 2003. Downstream movement of mature eels in a hydroelectric reservoir in New Zealand. in Biology, Management and Protection of Catadromous Eels, Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 33:295-305.

Wetzel, R.G. 1975. Limnology. W.B. Saunders Company, Toronto, Ontario. 743 pp.

Wikipedia. 2017. Quinte West. Available online at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinte_West. Accessed on June 2, 2017.

H351681-00000-121-066-0003, Rev. 0, Page 11-10

Suite 300, 4342 Queen Street Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada L2E 7J7 Tel: +1 (905) 374 5200