LOWER TRENT REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY
DEAD CREEK State of the Watershed Report
February, 1996
Emma J. White Table of Contents
List of Maps...... iv List of Figures ...... v List of Tables ...... vi 1.0 Iutroduction ...... 1 1.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT ...... 1 1.2 LAND USE PLANNING ON A WATERSHED BASIS ...... 3 1.3 THE DEAD CREEK SUBWATERSHED PLAN ...... " 4 1. 3.1 Purpose of the Report ...... 4 1.3.2 Project Support...... 4 1.3.3 Approach ...... 4 1.3.4 Available Information ...... 5
2.0 Dead Creek Watershed Boundary ...... 6 2.1 BOUNDARY DELINEATION ...... 6
3.0 Physical Landforms...... 9 3.1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY ...... 9 3.2 SURFACE FEATURES ...... 9 3.2.1 Soil ...... 13
4.0 Hydrology ...... 18 4.1 SURFACE WATER ...... , ...... 18 4.1.1 Natural Watercourses...... 18 4.1.2 Areas of Seasonal Flooding ...... 21 4.1.3 Floodline Mapping ...... 22 4.1.4 Surface Water Quality ...... 22 4.2 GROUNDWATER ...... 27 4.2.1 Groundwater Movement ...... 27 4.2.2 Bedrock Aquifer ...... 27 4.2.3 Overburden Aquifer ...... 28 4.2.4 Additional Groundwater Contamination Concerns ...... 28
5.0 Biotic Communities ...... 31 5.1 NATURAL AREAS ...... 31 5.2 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ...... 33 5.2.1 Wetland ...... 33 5.2.2 Forest ...... 34 5.2.3 Old Field and Meadow Community ...... 35 5.2.4 Alvar Grassland...... 37 5.2.5 Natural Shoreline Vegetation...... 37 5.2.6 Fencerows ...... 37 5.3 FISHERIES ...... 37 5.4 WILDLIFE ...... 38
i 6.0 Land Use ...... 40 6.1 EXISTING LAND USE ...... 40 6.1.1 Agriculture...... 40 6.1.2 Residential ...... 40 6.1.3 Commercial ...... 42 6.1.4 Industrial ...... 42 6.1.5 Closed Landfill Site ...... 42 6.1.6 Aggregate Extraction ...... 43 6.1.7 Parkland and Trails ...... 43 6.1.8 NaturalArea ...... 43 6.2 FUTURE LAND USE ...... 43 6.2.1 Projected Development ...... 43 6.2.2 Economic Recreational Opportunities...... 44 6.3 LAND USE PLANNING POLICIES ...... 47 6.3.1 Proposed Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) ...... 47 6.3.2 Quinte RAP Recommendations ...... 47 6.3.3 Status of Municipal Planning Documents ...... 48
7.0 Scope of the Subwatershed Plan ...... 53 7.1 ISSUES AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED ...... 53 7.1.1 DrainagelFlooding ...... 53 7.1.2 Stormwater Management ...... 53 7.1.3 Trenton Airport Zoning Regulations ...... 53 7.1.4 Flooding along Bay of Quinte Shoreline ...... 53 7.1.5 Flood Plain Protection...... 53 7.1.6 Aggregate Resources ...... 55 7.1. 7 Natural Heritage Protection...... 55 7.1.8 Water Quality ...... 55 7.1. 9 Recreation Opportunities...... 56 7.1.1 0 Servicing ...... 56 7.2 KEY ISSUES ...... 56
8.0 Next Steps...... 58 8.1 PRELIMINARY TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE DEAD CREEK SUBWATERSHEDPLAN ...... 58 8.1.1. Time-frame ...... 58 8.1.2 Issues ...... 58 8.1.3 Objectives...... 58 8.1.4 Data Collection and Studies ...... 59 8.1.5 Mapping ...... 60 8.1.6 Preparation of the Subwatershed Plan ...... 60 8.2 ROLES AND RESPONSmILITIES ...... 61 8.2.1 Steering Committee ...... 61 8.2.2 Technical Review Committee ...... 61 8.2.3 Community Liaison Committee ...... 61 8.2.4 Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority...... 61 8.2.5 Consultant Studies ...... 62 8.3 WORK PLAN ...... 63 8.4 PROJECT INITIATION ...... 64
ii References ...... 65 Glossary ...... 68
Appendices Appendix 1: Available Mapping and Aerial Photography ...... 71 Appendix 2: List of Contacts ...... 75 Appendix 3: Dead Creek Watershed Landowner Questionnaire ...... 77 Appendix 4: Results of the Benthic Invertebrate Survey ...... 88 Appendix 5: Waterfront Natural Areas - Part 1 (Brownell, 1993) ...... 90
III List of Maps
Map 1 General Location of the Dead Creek Watershed ...... 2
Map 2 Dead Creek Watershed ...... 8
Map 3 Physiographic Features ...... 12
Map 4 Major Soil Classification ...... 14
Map 5 Soil Capability Classification for Agriculture ...... 16
Map 6 Watercourses and Drainage ...... 19
Map 7 Location of Water I Benthic Invertebrate Sampling Stations ...... 23
Map 8 Water Well Records ...... 29
Map 9 Inventoried Natural Areas ...... 32
Map 10 Natural Vegetation ...... 36
Map 11 Existing Land Use ...... 41
Map 12 Proposed and Potential Future Development Areas ...... 45
Map 13 Recreational Opportunities ...... 46
Map 14 Land Use Designation ...... 49
Map 15 Trenton Airport Zoning Regulations: Bird Hazard Area ...... 54
iv List of Figures Figure 1 Limestone Bedrock at the Carrying Place Landfill ...... 10
Figure 2 Geological Section of the Murray Canal ...... 10
Figure 3 Benthic invertebrate communities found at four different stations along Dead Creek ...... 26
v List of Tables Table 1 Soil characteristics and the association with the pattern of glacial deposits in the Dead Creek Watershed ...... 13
Table 2 Results of surface water quality sampling at Dead Creek ...... 24
vi 1.0 Introduction
The Dead Creek Watershed, has been identified as a top priority for subwatershed planning by the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority (LTRCA) and the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan (QRAP). Located within the Township of Murray and the City of Trenton, this 1150 hectare watershed drains into the Bay of Quinte (Map 1).
This report, initiated by the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority in September 1995, is the first phase of the Dead Creek Subwatershed Plan.
1.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT
The arrival of colonists in the late 1700's to the Bay of Quinte area, one of the oldest, settled rural areas in Ontario, marked the beginning of dramatic cultural changes to the natural landscape (QRAP, 1990). Over the years, the natural shoreline has progressively become more developed as a result of urban, industrial, and agricultural activity. The many rivers and streams in the Quinte area act as pathways for the disposal of by-products of this human activity into the Bay. The result has been a degraded ecosystem affected by excessive nutrient enrichment, bacteriological and heavy metal contamination and habitat loss (QRAP, 1990).
In 1975 the International Joint Commission identified the Bay ofQuinte as an area of enviromnental concern (QRAP, 1990). The Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan was developed to provide recommendations for the reduction of contaminant loading to the Bay, thereby improving, enhancing and protecting the Bay's ecosystem· and the surrounding land (QRAP, 1993).
As the population around the Bay of Quinte is expected to grow at an annual rate of 1.1 percent to the year 2001 (QRAP, 1993), changes in land use, especially urban growth, can be expected. Continual intensification of development can aggravate a number of environmental problems, including water quality concerns (Ministry of Environment and Energy (MOEE), 1991). In order to address environmental concerns relating to urbanization, the QRAP (1993) identified the following recommendation in the Stage 2 Report - Time to Act:
The province of Ontario's Subwatershed Planning Process should be adopted and employed by Quinte area municipalities to provide direction for the preparation of Secondary Official Plans for areas slatedfor new urban development.
Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 1 MAP 1: GENERAL lOCATION OF DEAD CREEK WATERSHED ------.. ,.--.------_._- ... --_._-- -,----.----~.------. ------_._------
, '\ ' .',
DEAD CREEK WATERSHED
~:.. ,"ENr ~~~ .i/ )It \ . ~ AlIt,. l:. '~ ~ BY; C:\WC_DEAD.CDR SCALE \.alce ontario o 5 10 Ml _'__ km I 1.2 LAND USE PLANNING ON A WATERSHED BASIS A watershed is a natural geographic unit, consisting of the land area from which water, sediment and dissolved materials drain into a receiving watercourse (eg. river, stream) or body of water (eg. lake). The water cycle is the pathway that integrates the physical, chemical and biological processes of the aquatic ecosystem and associated terrestrial ecosystem. Water continuously moves through watersheds and influences numerous life cycles and processes throughout. Traditional municipal land use planning, based upon political boundaries and property ownership, tends not to acknowledge the interconnections and relationship between human activities on land and the natural features and processes in the watershed (MOEE and Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), 1993). Since actions that occur in one municipality can have impacts on natural features and processes in other municipalities, a more regional approach to planning is required to address environmental issues. Watershed planning provides that regional approach. It recognizes the importance of natural systems and cycles and is based on the ecosystem approach: nothing exists in isolation ... everything is connected to everything else. If we alter one part of the environment, the effects will be jelt elsewhere, like ripples on a pond after a stone is thrown in. Because watersheds follow natural boundaries, they are the ideal unit for planning, managing and protecting our precious land and water resources. The goals of watershed planning are: • to promote an ecosystem-based approach to environmental protection, water management and land use planning • to take into account the concerns and interests of the community • to identifY opportunities and constraints for urbanizing areas • to identifY and classifY natural areas and systems requiring protection • to meet environmental standards set out in regional resource management strategies (eg. the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan) • to make recommendations for implementation of the natural heritage and public health and safety policies set out in the proposed Provincial Policy Statement • to focus conservation and restoration work in the watershed There are two levels of watershed planning. Watershed plans are broader documents, often completed for large watersheds. The plan may make recommendations for resource protection in rural and urban areas. In contrast, subwatershed plans are more detailed and are generally completed for urbanizing watersheds (areas undergoing or expected to undergo urban growth). The subwatershed plan includes specific management strategies and recommendations to deal with one or more resource management issues and to ensure that future development is compatible with the natural environment. While subwatershed plans may be completed for an entire watershed, they more often focus on a portion of a watershed, hence the term "subwatershed. " Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 3 1.3 THE DEAD CREEK SUBWATERSHED PLAN Large scale development in the Dead Creek Watershed has been proposed for an area just outside the City of Trenton limits. Because of the need to address the stormwater management criteria set out by the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan, the Dead Creek Watershed has been identified as a priority area for watershed planning. In developing the plan, more detailed recommendations will be made for the developing areas, using the subwatershed planning approach, while the broader watershed planning approach will apply to the remainder of the watershed. 1.3.1 Purpose of this Report The first phase in developing a subwatershed plan is the preparation of a State of the Watershed Report. The objectives ofthis report are: • to provide an inventory of the physical, environmental and social features of the watershed • review the available information and identify information gaps • consult with watershed residents and agencies to determine issues and concerns in the watershed • identify the scope for the subwatershed plan 1.3.2 Project Support The Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority has completed this State of the Watershed Report in cooperation with two major funding partners: the Environmental Youth Corporation (EYC) Program (funded by the Ministry of Natural Resources) and the Township of Murray. The Township's contribution was provided for by The Futures Group/Trenmur Investments Ltd. (a company which is proposing development in the area.) Additional funding has been provided through The Rural Water Quality Program (QRAP) to help cover the costs of supplies. In kind support has been provided by three agencies: • the Quinte Remedial Action Plan is covering the costs of water quality analysis • the Haliburton, Kawartha & Pine Ridge District Health Council is covering the costs for digital mapping, and • Loyalist College has provided student assistance with the benthic sampling survey and use of their equipment and laboratory. 1.3.3 Approach A number of agencies, watershed residents, existing maps, and aerial photographs provided information on the physical and biotic features of the watershed. The information was organized on acetate overlays, using the Ontario Basic Mapping Sheets (Scale I :10,000) as the base map. Overlays were digitized using SPANS Geographic Information System. A list of available mapping and aerial photographs for the watershed is included in Appendix 1. Dead Creek State oj the Watershed Report 4 The agencies who provided information or identified concerns within the watershed include: Ministry of Natural Resources Ministry of Environment and Energy The Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit Ministry of Agriculture and Food Township of Murray City of Trenton Northumberland County Waste Management A list of contacts is provided in Appendix 2. In addition, interviews with watershed residents and a landowner questionnaire provided information about the area. The questionnaire was designed to help respondents identifY issues and concerns. It was sent to 165 residentsllandowners of the area in January, 1996. Fifty-seven questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 29 %. The questionnaire and a summary of issues identified through the questionnaire are summarized in Appendix 3. A mailing list of interested citizens was developed from the questionnaire. Since there is no existing data relating to the health of the watercourse, two sampling programs were implemented. Co-op students from Loyalist College in Belleville assisted the Conservation Authority with a stream survey which included benthic invertebrate sampling of Dead Creek. Equipment from the college was used. In addition, a surface water quality monitoring program was initiated. L TRCA staff are collecting the samples and the Ministry of Environment and Energy is performing the analysis. This arrangement was secured through the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan. 1.3.4 Available Information This report summarizes the available information about the physical characteristics ofthe watershed, the water resources, the biotic communities and land use. Within each section, a list of existing information and contacts is provided for easy reference. The material referenced is available at the L TRCA office. Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 5 2.0 Dead Creek Watershed Boundary Prior to European settlement, a large expanse of cattail marsh and swamp, now known as the Dead Creek Marsh, extended from the Bay of Quinte to Stoneburg Cove. Three small creeks (Dead Creek, York Creek and Hutchinson Creek) drained land from the north into the wetland. The Murray Canal, a five mile canal extending from the Bay ofQuinte to Presqu'ile Bay, was constructed between 1882-1890 (Calnan, 1987). The canal bisected the Dead Creek Marsh, resulting in six isolated wetlands (MNR, 1993) as well as redefining the original watershed and altering the hydrologic flow of the upper Bay of Quinte (QRAP, 1993). Hutchinson Creek no longer flows into the marsh but now drains directly into the Murray Canal via a culvert under the canal road. Dead Creek and York Creek are the two remaining creeks that flow into the marsh on the north side of the Murray Canal. The drainage basins of these two creeks furm the main part of the study area. A culvert extends between the Dead Creek Marsh and the Murray Canal under the canal road. No information could be located on the size of the culvert, but is believed that the amount of water flowing into the Murray Canal via this culvert is minimal and that most of the water in the marsh flows directly into the Bay. 2.1 BOUNDARY DELINEA nON The watershed boundary for this study was delineated using topographic maps, Ontario Basic Mapping (Scale 1,2000), aerial photographs, and field observations. As well as municipal staff provided information on stormwater drainage in the City of Trenton and roadside drainage in the Township of Murray. In addition, the York Subdivision Drainage Improvement Study (Totten Sims Hubicki Associates and L TRCA, 1983) and information relating to the drainage basin of Hutchinson Creek (LTRCA files) assisted with delineation of the west boundary of the watershed. The watershed boundary is defined as all the land area, north of the Murray Canal that drains directly into Dead Creek, York Creek or the Dead Creek Marsh. Land within Roseland AcresIPrincess Acres and along Highway #33 drains directly into the Bay of Quinte and has also been included in the study area. The watershed boundaries are shown on Map 2. While the southern portion of the study area is bounded by well recognizable features, the Murray Canal and the Bay of Quinte, the other boundaries are more difficult to define. The east boundary of the watershed is located within the City of Trenton. Stormwater from the area west of Dufferin Avenue, drains into Dead Creek. The northern boundary of the Dead Creek Watershed is in the area of Highway #2; the Mayhew Creek Watershed is to the north. A kame moraine, which extends westward from Mount Pelion, marks the division between these two Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 6 watersheds. The northern boundary of the watershed cuts across Highway #2 and the Wooler Road (County Road #40). The watershed divide runs in a general southerly direction, with water to the west flowing into Hutchinson Creek. The watershed area is approximately 11.5 km2 (1150 ha). 85% of the watershed is located in Murray Township with the remaining 15 % in the City of Trenton. Appendix 1: Aerial Photographs Ontario Basic Mapping (OBM) 1 :2,000 National Topographic Series (NTS) 1:25,000 and 1 :50,000 Map of Hutchinson Creek Drainage Basin - LTRCA files 1983 . York Subdivision Dead Creek Stale (~fthe Jf1atershed Report 7 DEAD CREEK N 1 WATERSHED Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority ... ' LEGEND F TRENTON - lI'ATIIkSH1W BOUNIWIY BAY OF QUINTE Source: 1:10,000 ODM's JANWI(T , ... GUt 8HGI' .I or U SCALE o 1 2 M2 MAP 2: DEAD CREEK WATERSHED - 3.0 Physical Landforms Bedrock geology, topography and soil type influence the distribution of natural communities on the landscape as well human use of the land. Understanding these landform features is an important consideration for determining the site suitability for land use activities such as stormwater management, waste disposal (eg. septic systems) and agriculture. 3.1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY The underlying limestone bedrock was created by the deposition and compaction of calcareous sediments originating from seas that engulfed Eastern Ontario during the Ordovician period, approximately 500 million years ago (Proctor & Redfern and Gartner Lee, 1975). Boreholes taken at the Carrying Place Landfill Site (Dillon, 1991) and well water records (MOEE, 1995) indicate that the limestone is highly fractured with many seams of dark grey clay. Generally, the bedrock dips gently to the south in this area (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995). An . exposed bedrock plateau runs in an east-west direction. The south side of this plateau fOlms an escarpment that extends from the Dead Creek Marsh towards the Trent River. In Trenton, the escarpment comes to a point known as Mount Pelion. From the escarpment, the bedrock drops off steeply and slopes towards the Bay of Quinte (Figure 1 and Figure 2). 3.2 SURFACE FEATURES The topography of the Dead Creek Watershed is quite flat with the exception of the limestone escarpment (5-10 metres high) that dissects the watershed in an east-west direction. The scraping action of ice and the sorting of sediments by meltwater that occurred during the recession of the Wisconsinan ice front during the Pleistocene Epoch (12,500 years ago), formed many of the surface features of the watershed (Waterfront Regeneration Trust, 1995). Lake Iroquois covered the lowland area around Lake Ontario when the last glaciers were receding (Chapman and Putnam, 1984) and formed a flat plain. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 9 Figure 1: Limestone Bedrock at the Carrying Place Landfill (Dillon, 1991) I LIMESTONE ''''L-~i BEDROCK DEAD CREEK VALLEY 80- SCALE VERT. 1:150 HORIZ. 1:500 Fignre 2: Geological section of the Murray Canal (Based on Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy borehole data) (Sly, 1986) 80 ,Lake Ontario entrance (Presqu'ile Bay) Carrying Place Bay of Quinte entrance (Upper Bay) ! ! WEST EAST :J Lake Ontario ~ '. :" : : ~':., :"': '. Murray' Canal ::-' Datum 74 m (a.s.l.) « "OO\:.. ",_--..:...:. , fine brown sand'; . ~ ?fh~ -;:;-~. 8i-:;-:':;;---'--'::--: . - . ' w 70 '"I-tl ...... --2~-~ , -...... ,. - Post Glacial § ,g~ ...... __ Sands « :". . q,p ---- Sl Limestones and shales ~~~~.. blue/gray clay "; ~.~ 0: of Ordovician Black with stoney bands > River series .,'00'· w <.~;;::... '.' . --Clayey Tilt 6 '\,0 " (often with coarse z 60 Q ~ ;' .~'~:~ ," angular gravel and ti' ~. rock debris near base) w ..:~~~~b.','t "-' \ . w 50 Horizontal distance approximately 8 km -~ DRAFT Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 10 According to Chapman and Putnam (1984), the Dead Creek Watershed lies entirely within the Iroquois Plain '. Within this physiographic region, the watershed can be divided into four distinct features. These regions are shown on Map 3. Trenton Kame Moraine A ridge of sand and gravel, known as the Trenton kame moraine, extends from Trenton to Smithfield (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). This deposit marks the boundary between the' watersheds of Dead Creek and Mayhew Creek. The ridge formed by glacial meltwater streams, was smoothed over when the area was submerged, to form a gently rolling hill on the south side. The north side of the deposit is very steep flanked, particularly near Mount Pelion. Gravel and sand have been extracted at several locations along the formation. An operating gravel pit exists at the northern boundary of the watershed, east of Second Dug Hill Road. Till Plain South of Highway #2, glacial deposits of silt, clays and stones have been reworked by the water and wave action of Lake Iroquois (LTRCA, 1970) to form a level till plain (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974). The water well records for Northumberland County (MOEE, 1995) indicate that overburden depth in York Subdivision, a residential area at the Wooler RoadlHighway #2 intersection, ranges from 6.0 metres to greater than 13.8 metres. Sand Plain A sand plain, created by glacio-lacustrian activity, extends southward from the till plain to the Murray Canal (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). Surficial deposits, consist of a deep layer of glacial till composed of blue/grey clay with bands of gravel, are overlain by post-glacial sand (Figure 2). A few wells in this area extend through approximately 22 metres of overburden (MOEE, 1995). In Chapman and Putnam (1984), the limestone escarpment is included in the sand plain. Other sources indicate that the shallow layer of drift (less than 0.3 metres) that covers the bedrock along the Dead Creek Escarpment forms the northern margin of the Prince Edward Peninsula Region (Brownell, 1993; Mirynech, 1963). Figure 1 (Dillon, 1991) illustrates the proximity ofthe bedrock to the surface at the Carrying Place Landfill Site located along the escarpment. Limestone Plain A limestone plain follows along the Trent River and is marginally within the eastern portion of the watershed (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). , Other sources (Brownell, 1993; Mirynech, 1963) indicate that the Prince Edward Peninsula Region extends into the watershed Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 11 ·-T-··· -.' ...... _-"""1 i i DEAD CREEK N : WATERSHED PLAN ~\ : 11 ~ ___. _._ ,,__ , __ .. ___ . ..----..J \ \ Lower Trent Region I Conservation Authority ! ----_ .. _-- .. ------.-.--~ ,.....,. LImestone Escarpment aource: Chapman k BAY OF QUINTE Putman. 111M. L.! MAP 3: 3.2.1 Soil As a result of variation in surface deposits, topography and accumulation of organic material, a range of soils have developed within the watershed. Map 4 shows the distribution of soil types. The association between soil characteristics and the pattern of surface deposits is described in Table 1. Table 1. Soil characteristics and the association with the pattern of glacial deposits in the Dead Creek Watershed. Surface Location Common Common Soil Overburden Features I Soil Textures 2 Soil Series 2 Drainage 2'" Depl;h(m) 3 Kame north of Highway #2 gravelly sand Pontypool rapid 13 - 15 moraine Limestone moutb of tbe Trent sandy loam Colborne good not known plain River Till plain between Highway #2 silty clay loam Schomberg good 10 and Power Line Road Simcoe poor (York Smithfield imperfect Subdivision) silt loam Newcastle good Matson imperfect loam Bondhead good Sand plain Sand plain PrincesslRoseland loam Brighton good > 18 Acres and Old sandy loam Tecumseth imperfect Carrying Place Rd. Grandby poor Limestone English Settlement loam Farmington good plateau Road <0.3 Recent Dead Creek Marsh marsh poor not known Alluvial Organic Dead Creek Marsh, muck poor not known southern portion of Second Dug Hill Rd I. Chapman and Putnam, 1983 * Drainage Characteristics (Hallinan and Acton, 1974) 2. Hollinan and Acton, 1974 poor-soils saturated for up to 10-11 months of the year 3. estimate based upon water well records (MOEE, 1995) imperfect - soils saturated for up to 8 months good - soils saturated for less than 6 monUlS Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report I3 ",.. ~"" ~- ~ " ~-,!..... ~ DEAD CREEK ~ -- ~ ~mollOl'lCl\l""" ~ -- -~ WATERSHED ,--_oond)'l...., "~ OOll'l Source: Hoffman " Acton, 1974 SCALE o 1 2 L ______~I ______~I km M4 MAP 4: MAJOR SOIL CLASSIFICATION __-k ______L _____ Characteristics such as soil texture, permeability, and soil depth affect the drainage of the land, runoff rates, and groundwater recharge (Driscoll, 1986; Dunne and Leopold, 1978) and consequently the suitability of the land for particular land uses (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974). Soil capability for agriculture is shown in Map 5. The underlying layers of gravel and sand that occur in the formation located north of Highway #2 permit rapid drainage of the Pontypool gravelly sands (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974). Well drained soils that have developed on lacustrian deposits (eg. Smithfield and Schomberg silty clay loams, Bondhead loams, Newcastle silt loams) predominate in the land surrounding Highway #2 (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974). These soils possess very few limitations for the production of agricultural crops (OMAF, 1962). A band of Simcoe silty clay loam occurs in the northern portion of the watershed from Second Dug Hill Road to Hendrick's Road. Poor soil drainage, characteristic of this soil type (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974), may pose constraints for construction and septic tanks (Dunne and Leopold, 1978). Farmington loam is characteristic of the shallow till that overlies the bedrock adjacent to the escarpment. Natural vegetation adapted to the droughty conditions associated with this soil type occur along the escarpment. Generally this area is unsuitable for crop growth (OMAF, 1962). Also associated with the shallow soils is a high runoff rate due to the limited soil volume for infiltration. Marsh are mineral soils that are formed in areas flooded by shallow water where there is little decay of organic matter. In contrast, muck consist of organic deposits that have accumulated in shallow lakes or wet, undrained depressions. The Soils of Northumberland County map (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974) indicates two areas where marsh and muck occur in the watershed. The Dead Creek Marsh represents the largest formation of marsh and muck soils. Muck can also be found along Second Dug Hill Road. Although not indicated on the soil map, it is likely that these soil conditions occur in other locations where wetland exists along the base of the escarpment. Tecumseth and Grandby sandy loams occur in the Old Carrying Place Road area. Poor drainage is characteristic of these soils (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974). Several landowners in this area mentioned surface water drainage problems occurring in the spring and after heavy rainfalls, as well as a high water table that exists for most of the year (Appendix 3). Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 15 DEAD CREEK WATERSHED Lower Trent Region Coneervatlon Authority 1 Clan.,. Suitable tor Annual Production 1 Deep Son IUld weU drained; producU~ for .. wide ...... of crop. e Some Ilm1taUona (e.,. ""ceae aon molature) that InaJ' reatriot the rIlIlIe of crop. 1 3 IJm1tatlona (low terWJ.t,'1 that ""act WIap. plantlnc. harYeat.In&. and choloe of cropo. Not Suitable tor 'PDual Prod,UoUon lIardnal land with Ilm1ted choloe of 4 fteld crop. ~ Ilm1tatlona (""c_ aon molature) 5 that InaJ' be lmp~d throuch varioua . pracUoea 1 IJm1tatlOD8 (ahaII.,.". BOn) ean't be lmp~d. 6 but aultable for crulnI 7 No cap.bllit,' for qrioulture m OrlllJllo Son Source: OKAF. 1962 SCALE o 1 I , km I IMAP 5: SOIL CAPABILITY FOR AGRICULTURE M5 Chapman and Putnam, 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario Hoffinan and Acton, 1974. The Soils ofNorthumberland County Browne1\, 1993. Wateifront Natural Areas Mirynech, 1963. Pleistocene Geology of the Trenton-Cambellford Map Area, Ontario Dillon, 1991. Preliminary Site investigation of the Carrying Place Landfill Site MOEE, 1995. Water We1\ Data System for Northumberland County Appendix 1: NTS mapping is available throughout the study area. OBM sheets' exists for the City of Trenton and an area adjacent to Highway #2. Creek I. Digitized OEM sheets are not yet available for the watershed Dead Creek State oftile Watershed Report 17 4.0 Hydrology The hydrologic cycle is the basic natural cycle affecting water movement. It involves numerous processes including precipitation, infiltration and runoff. Various land uses can greatly impact the water cycle in the watershed. For example, urban development can increase the impervious surfaces within the watershed (eg. parking lots) thereby increasing surface runoff volumes and pollutants entering the watercourses (MOEE, 1991). Characteristics of surface water and groundwater can affect the suitability of an area for development. 4.1 SURFACE WATER 4.1.1 Natural Watercourses Dead Creek Dead Creek (approximately 3.6 km in length) flows from Hanna Park in Trenton along the foot of the limestone escarpment to the northeast corner of the Dead Creek Marsh. A wooded wetland area within Hanna Park forms the headwaters of the creek. The area is flooded in the spring and during periods of high runoff, with relict pools remaining later in the season. Downstream, the wetland develops into a cattail marsh. South of the marsh, the character of the watercourse changes to a well defined, shallow channel. Water exists year round, but flow tends to be minimal except during periods of heavy rainfall or snow melt. An in-stream pond exists directly east of Second Dug Hill Road. Surface water from land north of the escarpment drains southward through roadside ditches and ephemeral streams over the escarpment into Dead Creek. Water flowing over the escarpment forms small cascading streams. A small hill marks the divide between the drainage basins ofthe Dead Creek and York Creek (Map 6). Stormwater enters the watercourse at two locations: • A culvert at the south end of Parkside Drive provides an outlet for urban stormwater (Appendix 1: OBM #26 ) into the swampy headwaters . • A drainage ditch that runs southward along Tripp Boulevard (Appendix 1: OBM #30) conveys stormwater from a residential area south of Dundas Street into Dead Creek. A gabion basket structure is built into the escarpment. According to a long-time resident of the area, surface water naturally followed this route prior to the construction of this residential area. The Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area, formerly called the Trenton Escarpment Conservation Area, was acquired by the Conservation Authority in 1977 to serve as a buffer zone for storm and flood water runoff within the City of Trenton (LTRCA, 1987). Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 18 N DEAD CREEK 1 WATERSHED Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority Direction of Surface Water Drainage B Approximate Boundary of Drainage Baeins [EJPond k-·' Ephemeral Slream Areas identified by landownera that experience leuona! flooding 1. York Subdivision 2. Agricultural field (Con. 1. Lot 8) 3. Agricultural field (Con. A, Lot 8) 4. Agricultural field (Con. A, Lot 8) 5. Old Carrying Place Road Source: De.d Creek lI'aterebed qu_nnalro. 19UO OIlK ah•• t. Aerial PhotoP?Pho=.-r1=.gU:::3=--__....,-_--/ SCALE 0 1 2 L MAP 6: WATERCOURS_E_S_&='D-R-A-I-:'--A=G=E=~_' -L- M_·_6-....l__ --' York Creek A swale which runs west from the Second Dug Hill Road! Highway #2 intersection, drains surface water westward towards Wooler Road. A spring-fed pond and small wetland to the east of Wooler Road are associated with the watercourse. Directly west ofWooler Road, the creek has been widened and deepened in 1995 to enhance drainage of the adjacent cropland. West of this field, the watercourse flows through a poorly drained hardwood forest. At McMaster Road, the creek swings southward, through an agricultural field and a hardwood forest before flowing over the escarpment into the Dead Creek Marsh. A grass buffer has been maintained along the creek in the field. Water flows in the creek only during periods of high precipitation or spring-melt. Urban stormwater enters this watercourse at two locations: • Stormwater generated from an area of Trenton (north of Dundas Street and west of First Avenue) drains westward along Highway #2. At Second Dug Hill Road, water drains southwest via the swale towards the creek. • Runoff from a portion of York Subdivision is discharged at the south end of the subdivision to an old field where it drains towards the hardwood swamp (Totten Sims Hubicki and LTRCA, 1983). Dead Creek Marsh The Dead Creek Marsh north of the Murray Canal, is a 69 hectare area (MNR, 1993), consisting of an open body of water which extends from the Murray Canal to the. Bay of Quinte. Cattail marsh and swamp vegetation surround the open water. Water from the Dead Creek Marsh enters the Bay of Quinte through two culverts at the mouth of the marsh that pass under Highway 33 and the abandoned CNR line. During periods oflow water, the culverts often blocked with debris (eg. grasses, cattails) and flow into the Bay of Quinte is minimal. However, during spring runoff and following heavy rainfalls when water flow is high, the vegetation is flushed out of the culverts into the Bay. Murray Canal This five mile long canal extends from west to east in a linear fashion from Presqu'ile Bay to the Bay of Quinte at Twelve O'Clock Point, separating Prince Edward County and the southern tip of Northumberland County from the mainland of Ontario. Canal construction began in 1882, the work being done by horses and slush scrapers (Calnan, 1987). The hummocky terrain directly north of the Canal Road is the result of emptying the scrapers. The canal is lined with cut limestone walls and rip-rap and dredged approach channels occur at both ends. Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 20 Bay of Quinte The Dead Creek Watershed drains into the west end of the upper bay of the Bay of Quinte. The shoreline adjacent to the watershed is low lying and consequently the banks are stable with little erosion potential (Cairns and Noble, 1985). However, shoreline development has physically altered the nature of the shoreline. Aerial photographs taken in 1953 show a continuous marsh stretching between the Murray Canal to the mouth of the Dead Creek and trees along the shoreline. Over the years, much of the marsh has been destroyed and parts of the shoreline have been hardened by retaining walls and stone. 4.1.2 Areas of Seasonal Flooding Certain areas of the watershed that experience seasonal flooding were identified through the landowner survey (Appendix 3). Flooding in these areas occurs during snowmelt and heavy rainfall. Residents or landowners in these areas have experienced basement flooding, loss of agricultural fields, or delayed access to fields as a consequence of flooding. Some of the flooding concerns seem to have been caused by earlier residential and transport corridor development. Comparison ofthe 1953 aerial photographs with present day photographs, indicate that some drainage patterns have changed, resulting in drainage problems. Landowners identified several areas that experience seasonal flooding (Map 6), including: • York Subdivision (Concession A, Lot 10) The drainage ditches and culverts in the subdivision have insufficient capacity for flows generated by surface runoff, resulting in frequent surface and basement flooding. Runoff originating from east of the subdivision also drains towards this area, thereby compounding the problem. A drainage improvement study (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1983) concluded that an open channel diversion would be the most appropriate solution to reduce flooding. However it was not implemented. • land surrounding the Old Carrying Place Road Some residents in this area indicated that surface and basement flooding occurs every spring. The poor drainage in this area may be attributed to the level topography and a high water table. • agricultural field on the east side ofWooler Road and adjacent to York Creek (Concession A, Lot 8) Aerial photographs from 1953 indicate that this area was in agricultural use. However, wetland vegetation has since become established. A landowner indicated that field flooding has occurred since the construction of Wooler Road. • agricultural field in the northeast comer of Concession A, Lot 6. Prior to development of the property directly to the east, this field was drained by a watercourse that flowed southward over the escarpment into the Dead Creek. Filling and development of the adjacent property resulted in the accumulation of water in the northeast comer of the field. A stormwater ditch now follows the old watercourse and drains over the escarpment into Dead Creek. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 21 • agricultural field north-east of the Highway #2!W ooler Road Intersection The field drains southward across the intersection via a drainage ditch. Poor drainage has occurred following the damming of the ditch to create a pond. 4.1.3 Floodline Mapping The floodplain is the flat area adjoining a stream/river channel which can be inundated by floodwaters. The purpose of floodplain mapping is to delineate the area affected by a flood of a specific magnitude, so that development can be restricted in areas subject to flooding. Generally flood plain mapping is done for watercourses having upstream drainage areas greater than 125 ha. Areas less than 125 ha are considered "local drainage" and are not subject to the "construction" component of Conservation Authority regulations. Floodplain mapping has only been completed for the Bay of Quinte shoreline (Appendix 1); no flood plain mapping has been done for either of the watercourses. Within the study area, development is most likely to occur within the upper 125 ha drainage areas of the Dead and York Creek watersheds, therefore flood plain mapping should not be required. It may be adequate to identifY setbacks from watercourses based upon topography and local knowledge. There are some areas within the watershed which experience seasonal flooding, that does not appear to be associated with the creeks. A high water table and/or alteration of natural drainage patterns may be responsible for this seasonal flooding. 4.1.4 Surface Water Quality Tributary loadings of phosphorus, bacteriological and toxic contaminants associated with urban stormwater, agriculture and industrial activity, were identified by the Quinte RAP (1993) as areas contributing to major water quality concerns in the Bay of Quinte. Historical data on surface water quality for watercourses in the study area was not available, therefore surface water quality testing and a benthic invertebrate survey were included as part of this study. The objectives were to establish baseline data, examine potential areas of concern for future study and compare gathered information with provincial and national water quality objectives for the support of a healthy ecosystem. Water Quality Monitoring Water sampling of Dead Creek is planned to extend for a year, with sampling occurring once a month at four stations. The location of these stations is shown in Map 7. The first set of samples were taken in November, 1995; further sampling through the winter months was not possible due to freeze-up of the watercourse. The results of samples taken on November 28, 1995 are shown in Table 2. Highlighted cells indicate values that exceed Provincial Water Quality Objectives (PWQO), Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) or Ministry of Health Recreational Water Quality Guidelines. Values that exceed these guidelines are indicative of water quality problems. Ammonia, measured at Station 4 was the only parameter to exceed guidelines. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 22 I---~----·-~~- . ---~-..---T: ,I DEAD CREEK I N ~ WATERSHED ~I "'. ! Lower Trent Region \ I .conservation Authority \ LEGEND B I Invertebrate W# Water BAY OF qUINTS Table 2. Results of surface water quality sampling at Dead Creek. November 28, 1995 Ammonia Total Kjeldahl N mgll Nitrite Nitrate Total Phosphorus P mgll 0.004 0.006,0.1 0.004 0.004, 0.03 mgll' 0.006 Dissolved Reactive 0.002 0.006 0.004 0.002 N/A pH 7.5,8.2 7.6,8.3 8 7.6 6.5,8.5 Chloride 108.6 49.8 40.7 39.6 250 <10 40 40 10 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 l.PWQO 2. PWQG to prevent excessive plant growth in rivers and streams 3.CWQG 4. Based on recreational water quality guidelines published by the Ministry of Health 24 For most parameters, with the exception of chloride, there appears to be little difference between upstream and downstream stations. Chloride was considerably higher at station 1. Chlorides are common in natural waters, however higher concentrations can be the result of domestic sewage discharge, municipal storm drainage, road salting and industrial wastes (MOEE, 1994). These results are very preliminary and conclusions should not be based upon a single sampling period. The results of further testing should be discussed in the subwatershed plan and used as base line data to assess impacts of development on Dead Creek. Benthic Invertebrate Sampling Water sampling indicates stream conditions at the time of sampling. In contrast, benthic invertebrate sampling can provide a record oflong term changes in the aquatic ecosystem. Invertebrates vary in their sensitivities to chemical and physical condition of the aquatic environment and consequently the analyses of these communities can provide significant information on habitat conditions and ecosystem health (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995). Benthic invertebrate were collected at four stations along Dead Creek using the "kick method" (Frost et ai, 1971). The location of the stations can be found on Map 7. Physical factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids and water flow were noted. At each station, five replicate samples were taken. Collected invertebrates were identified to order and family where possible. Total individuals and total taxa were calculated per station using pooled replicate samples. The results are included in Appendix 4. In addition, the number of individuals within a taxa was calculated as a percentage of the total number of individuals collected at the station. Figure 3 describes the benthic organisms found at the four stations. Low flow conditions exist for much of the year in Dead Creek. Reduced habitat space, low current velocity and reduced transport of organic material (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995) associated with low flow conditions, may explain the limited diversity of organisms collected. Freshwater snails and clams were the most abundant groups collected at all stations. Ephemeroptera and trichoptera, organisms that indicate good water quality (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995), were collected in small numbers at station 3 and 4 and were more numerous at station 2. Invertebrates provide an important food source for fish (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995). The limited diversity of animals collected would suggest that the creek has very limited habitat value for fish. Dead Creek State ofthe WatershedReport 25 Figure 3. Benthic invertebrate commnnities fonnd at four different stations along Dead Creek. Sampling occurred October 18 and 25, 1995. Station 1 Station I is located in the swampy headwaters. The mannel is poorly defined with a thick layer of decomposing organic matter (eg. leaves, grasses). Water velocity = 0.06 mls. Water temperature = 9°C Dissolved oxygen = 5.6 mgll Number of organisms collected = 390 Station 2 Station 2 is located in a wooded area east of Second Dug I Hill Road. Substrate consists of fine gravel and sand. • ~.~ ______Water velocity = 0.10 mls Water temperature = 10° C Dissolved oxygen = 8.7 mgll Number of organisms collected = 163 Station 3 -- - Station 3 is located west of Second Dug Hill Road in a hardwood forest. Substrate consists of sand and gravel.. Water velocity = 0.10 mls Water temperature = 9°C Dissolved oxygen =7.3 mgll I Number of organisms collected = 192 '.~------~- Station 4 Site 4 located east ofWooler Road, passes through open pasture land. Water temperature = 9°C Dissolved oxygen = 0.34 mgll Number of organisms collected = 203 I '.~------~ 26 4.2 GROUNDWATER Land use planning plays an important role in the protection of groundwater resources (D.iscoll, 1986). Decisions which consider areas of rapid surface water infiltration, groundwater movement, or the ground's capacity to adsorb contaminants (Driscoll, 1986) are very important in maintaining quality and supply of the resource. The Official Plan for the Township of Murray recognizes water recharge areas as environmentally sensitive. Consequently, areas that are identified with important recharge value are designated "Environmental Protection Areas" (Township of Murray, 1989). Information regarding the direction of groundwater movement or important recharge areas within the watershed is very limited. Hydrogeological studies and groundwater maps were not located. A book titled, Hydrogeology of Southern Ontario, is currently being published and may provide additional information. Information on groundwater sources was obtained through the well water records for Northumberland County (MOEE, 1995), while the landowner questionnaire provided general information on well water quality and supply. 4.2.1 Groundwater Movement Groundwater is believed to flow southward and eventually discharge into the Bay of Quinte (Sandu, 1996). The moraine that borders the Mayhew Creek Watershed and Dead Creek Watershed consists ofa deposit of permeable sand and gravel. This deposit may permit rapid surface water infiltration (Hoffinan and Acton, 1974) to groundwater, however there is no documentation as to the direction of groundwater movement in this area (Sandu, 1996). At the escarpment, the ground water surface slopes steeply down towards the Dead Creek Marsh (Dillon, 1991) and discharges in the marsh (Dillon, 1991). Figure 1 shows the groundwater table at the escarpment. Numerous springs and seeps were noted along the limestone escarpment (Brownell, 1993). Due to the proximity of the Bay of Quinte, the marsh is not considered as a regionally significant discharge area (Brownell, 1993). 4.2.2 Bedrock Aquifer Limestone bedrock provides the main source of groundwater for domestic wells in the watershed. The majority of wells extend deep into the bedrock (MOEE, 1995) due to the limited thickness of the overburden. Map 8 shows the location of groundwater sources. Dry wells were sporadically recorded throughout the watershed, possibly a result of irregular fracture in the bedrock (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995). Well water quality and supply was considered good for most ofthe year, by surveyed landownerslresidents (Appendix 3). Several landowners noted that low supply and detectable levels of SUlphur, salt or iron in the water occurred during dry summers. One landowner with property adjacent to English Settlement Road indicated that well water quality was consistently poor. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 27 4.2.3 Overburden Aquifer Overburden well yields are generally considered very low by the MOEE (1968) in the Lake Ontario drainage basin. However a number of domestic wells in York Subdivision, PrincesslRoseiand Acres and surrounding the Old Carrying Place Road obtain groundwater from above the bedrock. Well water records (MOEE, 1995) for these areas indicated a layer of grey blue clay existing directly above deposits of gravel or sand. Water was located in gravel or sand layers directly above the bedrock. Most surveyed landowners in these areas indicated excellent quality and supply (Appendix 3). However, poor quality well water was noted by two landowners in Roseland Acres. The poor quality was attributed to the close proximity of neighbouring septic tank systems. 4.2.4 Additional Groundwater Contamination Concerns The following additional concerns have been noted: • The Carrying Place Landfill Site, which closed soon after 1978 (Dillon 1991), is located on the south side of English Settlement Road and on the edge of the escarpment (Lot 11, Concession B). Two consulting firms, Dillon (1991) and Proctor and Redfern (1995) were involved with assessing the effect oflandfilileachate on groundwater in the area. Samples measured within the wetland did not show any significant impairment or degradation of groundwater quality. As landfill operating records are not available for the site, little is known about the nature of the waste. The Dillon study (1991) mentioned that there may be some potential for an environmental impact if buried drums exist in the fill area. • Well water from Lot 7, Concession B, tested in 1995, was found to have unsafe bacterial levels, possibly associated with the condition of septic systems in the area (MacLelland, 1995). • A proposal to construct a water main from Trenton along Highway # 33 to Consecon (Drake and Rybak, 1995) has been raised as a concern by landowners in the vicinity (Appendix 3). Landowners are concerned that without adequate sewers, the additional water will overload septic systems and contaminate wells. Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 28 DEAD CREEK WATERSHED Lo.... er Trent Region + Conaervation Authority + LEGEND o Tell Tater Below Bedrock + Tell Tater Above Bedrock A Dry Tell Source: KOBE. 111115 SCALE o 1 I I kIn MAP 8: WELL WATER RECORDS M8 MOEE, 1995. Water Well Data System for Northumberland County. of Southern Ontario will be published in 1996. Contact Michael Scafe. MOEE, 1968. Lake Ontario Drainage Basin - Map 5926-2 Overburden Well Yields Scale: 1:500,000 AmaIjit Sandhu, Aggregate Resources Inspector. MNR, Napanee Michael Scafe, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, MOEE, Toronto W. Drake, Chairman of the Consecon/Carrying Place Liaison Committee Pn';F"~ Director. The Greer Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 30 5.0 Biotic Communities 5.1 NATURAL AREAS Land adjacent to the limestone escarpment and a wetland corridor is largely unsuitable for development or agriculture. As a result, a corridor that extends from Hanna Park to the Murray Canal has remained in its natural state. A large portion of the watershed exists as a natural area and includes wooded land, wetlands, alvar and regenerating areas. Three natural areas have been inventoried within the watershed. Map 9 shows the location of these natural areas. 1) Wooler Road Woods (Lot 9, Concession A) 2) Dead Creek Escarpment Woods and A1var (Lot 10-14, Concession B) 3) Dead Creek Marsh (Lot 9-13, Concession B) Brownell (1993) identified the Dead Creek Marsh, the Dead Creek Escarpment Woods and A1var and Wooler Road Woods as significant waterfront natural areas in a report for the Waterfront Regeneration Trust. A summary of these evaluations have been included in Appendix 5. In addition, the Dead Creek Marsh was evaluated as a provincially significant wetland (MNR, 1986 and 1993). A master plan was completed for the Trenton Escarpment Conservation Area (LTRCA, 1987), now known as the Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area, and provides a brief description of the natural features of the area. . Numerous studies indicate that avoiding fragmentation of natural areas maintains the diversity of the local natural system (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995). Maintaining natural linkages such as the corridor that runs through the watershed, can play an important role in the support and protection of wildlife populations and the diversity of habitats. Additional benefits that can be derived from natural areas include improved water quality as well as economic (eg. logging) and recreational opportunities. Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 31 N DEAD CREEK 1 WATERSHED Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority NATLJRAL "AR:rTAT AREA LEGEND ~ LTRCA PrOPerV' ~ inventoried Natural Area - Provincially Significant Wetland BAY OF QUINTB Source: Brownell. 1993 MNR. 1993 LTRCA. 1967 SCALE o 1 2 I • I km iMAP 9-INVENTORIED NATURAL AREAS M9 5.2 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES A range of conditions exist in the watershed for plant growth. Two of these factors, moisture and soil depth, appear to be particularly important in determining the distribution of various vegetation communities. Map 10 shows the distribution of communities in the watershed. Information was obtained through previous studies, aerial photographs and field observations. 5.2.1 Wetland Wetlands are defined as lands that are" seasonally or permanently covered by shallow water including adjacent areas where the water table is close to the surface. They have water saturated soils and are dominated by hydrophytic or water tolerant plants" (MNR, 1993). Wetlands are scattered throughout the watershed. The Dead Creek Marsh, a provincially significant wetland (MNR, 1986 and 1993), is the largest wetland community in the watershed. Several smaller, unevaluated wetlands have been identified on aerial photographs and through field observations. They were described as marsh, wooded swamp, and swamp thicket. Inventoried Wetland • The Dead Creek Marsh is a provincially significant wetland extending from the Murray Canal to the Bay ofQuinte. Cattail marsh along the northern shoreline adjacent to Roseland Acres was also included in the evaluated area. Several wetland communities have been described within this 69 hectare wetland (Brownell, 1993; MNR, 1993). The marsh consists of a central open water channel dominated by floating and submergent vegetation such as Pond Lily (Nuphar variegala), Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum sp.) and waterweed (Elodea sp.) (MNR, 1993; Brownell, 1993). Brownell (1993) also noted Northern Wildrice (Zizania palustris) growing in the open water, a regionally rare plant along the Lake Ontario Waterfront (Burlington to Trenton). An expanse of emergents, primarily cattail (Typha sp.) and some sedge species (Carex sp.) (MNR, 1993) grow around the open water. Swamp thicket exists in the north comer and along the east side of the wetland. These areas are characterized by scattered dense shrubbery. Some of the shrub species include Willow (Salix 3P.), Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa) and Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus sloloni/era). Hardwood swamp occurs in the west comer and along the east side of the Dead Creek Marsh. Tree species associated with the swamp include Red and Black ash, Red Maple, and Sugar Maple. Lowland deciduous woods grow adjacent to the wooded and thicket swamp areas. Tree species that prefer these moist soils include Sugar Maple, Black Cherry, Red Oak and White Birch. Although not included in the provincially significant wetland, Brownell (1993) identified a Black Maple limestone forest along the escarpment. This is the only example found along the Waterfront. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 33 • Brownell (1993) study identified a mixed forest swamp of Red Ash, Trembling Aspen, Silver Maple, and White Cedar occurs in Wooler Road Woods (Appendix 5). • A swamp thicket with willow, meadowsweet and Red Ash exists in the Dead Creek Escarpment Woods (Brownell, 1993) (Appendix 5). Other wetlands • A wetland corridor, roughly 8.5 hectares in size, follows along the base of the escarpment from Hanna Park and the Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area to east of Second Dug Hill Road. The wetland forms the headwaters of Dead Creek. The upper reaches of the wetland exist as a wooded, hardwood swamp (L TRCA, 1987). The area tends to be flooded in the spring and with heavy precipitation. Ponding of water occurs during the drier seasons. Downstream of the swamp, the wetland develops into a cattail marsh with a large number of dead hardwoods. Heavy duckweed growth occurs in patches of open water. The cattail marsh is not evident in aerial photographs from 1953 to 1983. This suggests that the intensification of development that has occurred in Trenton directly north of the escarpment, may have resulted in increased surface runoff draining into the watercourse. • A hardwood swamp, approximately 9.5 hectares in size, exists south of York Subdivision (Lot 10, Concession A) (Totten Sims Hubicki and LTRCA, 1983; pers. obs., 1995). Vegetation consists of Red and Silver Maple, White Elm and Black Ash (pers. obs., 1995). ·A small swamp thicket (approximately 8 hectares) directly east ofWooler Road ( Concession A, Lot 8) consists of a willow thicket interdispersed with patches of emergents (pers. obs. 1995). Aerial photographs from 1953 show this land as agricultural. The wetland may have formed following the construction ofWooler Road. ·Over the years, much of the marsh shoreline adjacent to the southern portion of Roseland Acres has been filled in and the shoreline hardened. A small cattail marsh which extends inland, is a remnant of this natural shoreline vegetation. 5.2.2 Forest The woodlands of the northern Lake Ontario shoreline are considered part of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Forest Region (Hosie, 1979). Within the Dead Creek Watershed, most wooded land follows along the escarpment and forms a natural corridor. A number of plant communities exist across the watershed and include lowland deciduous, upland deciduous, lowland coniferous, upland coniferous and upland mixed woods. Two wooded areas were inventoried as part of the Waterfront Natural Areas Study (Brownell, 1993) (Appendix 5). Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 34 Inventoried Areas • Wooler Road Woods The Wooler Road Woods is 39.1 hectares in area (Brownell, 1993). A hardwood swamp exists in a lowland area and Sugar Maple and Beech comprise the remainder of the area. Provincially rare sedge (Carex formosa) as well as Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata), a regionally rare tree species along the Waterfront, also occur. A hydro corridor, crosses through the woods, and has largely been overtaken by Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Heavy cattle grazing, tapping for maple syrup and selective logging occurs within the area (Brownell, 1993). A portion of this natural area is designated for industrial purposes (Murray Township Official Plan). • Trenton Escarpment Woods The Dead Creek Escarpment Woods is 128.8 hectares in area. While most of the woods drains westward towards Hutchinson Creek, an eastern portion flows towards York Creek and has been included in the Dead Creek Watershed. Upland mixed forest of Hemlock, White Pine, White Cedar, Red Ash, White Birch, Trembling Aspen, and Balsam Fir comprise most of the area. In addition, provincially rare sedge (Carex formosa) and several other plant species that are regarded as regionally rare along the Lake Ontario Waterfront or in MNR, Eastern Region (Brownell, 1993) grow in this natural area. A comparison of aerial photographs from 1953 to present day, show that much of the southern portion of the existing natural area was agricultural fields. Over fifty years, these fields have been abandoned and are currently undergoing natural regeneration. Selective logging and cattle grazing has occurred in the natural area (Brownell, 1993). Other wooded areas • Hanna Park/Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area Hardwood forest of maple, birch, oak and beech (LTRCA, 1987) grow along the escarpment bordering the wetland corridor and extends westward. Lowland coniferous woods consisting of Eastern White Cedar predominates along the southern boundary of the wetland (LTRCA, 1987). A stand of White Pine exists at the west boundary of the property . • Pure, mature stands of Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) are common on the shallow soils along the limestone escarpment to the west ofWooler Road. Optimal growth occurs on sandy loams of limestone origin (Hosie, 1979). In many locations where agricultural practices have ceased, Eastern Red Cedar has become abundant. • Eastern White Cedar tends to be more common in low lying areas below the escarpment. 5.2.3 Old Field and Meadow Community Aerial photographs from 1953 show that many of the existing old field and meadow communities in the watershed were actively cultivated. As these field were abandoned, the areas have undergone natural succession (Waterfront Regeneration Trust, 1994). • Land south of York Subdivision and Lot 6, Concession 1 (pers. obs., 1995) have developed into field communities. Typical vegetation includes native grasses, goldenrod (Solidago sp.), aster (Aster sp.), Red Osier dogwood and Eastern Red Cedar. Dead Creek Slale of the Watershed Report 35 DEAD CREEK N WATERSHED Lower Trent Region 1 Conservation Authority LEGEND • Karsh o Swamp 61 Submerged/Floating ~ Old Field/Meadow 00 Alvar Grassland D Wooded Area rEl Regenerating Wooded Area BAY OF qUINTS Source: Brownell. 1993 MNR. 1993 QRAP. 1993 Aerial Photos.. 1993 SCALE o i 2 km MiD MAP 10: NATURAL VEGETATION 5.2.4 Alvar Grasslands Alvars are naturally open areas with a sparse growth of shrubs and herbs that are adapted to the shallow, calcareous soils overlying limestone bedrock (Brownell, 1993). An alvar consisting of Canada Bluegrass, spikes and rushes (Brownell, 1993) exists along the southern side of the Dead Creek Escarpment Woods. This is the only example of alvar habitat found along the Lake Ontario Waterfront, however cattle grazing has severely degraded the vegetation community (Brownell, 1993). 5.2.5 Natural Shoreline Vegetation Much of the Bay of Quinte shoreline has been developed for residential, commercial and some agricultural use. Black Willow (Salix nigra) along the shore and the cattail marsh along the northern portion of the shoreline adjacent to Roseland Acres represents the remnants of the natural shoreline vegetation (Cairns and Noble, 1985). 5.2.6 Feucerows In the Dead Creek Watershed, woody fence rows have been maintained between many agricultural fields. Fence bottoms offer a barrier to slow the wind and reduce soil erosion. In addition, they provide food and cover for wildlife and insects and diversifY the landscape for recreation and viewing. 5.3 FISHERIES The Bay of Quinte littoral zone adjacent to the Dead Creek Watershed was included in a nearshore habitat inventory of the Bay (QRAP, 1993). Nearshore habitat was mapped and several sites along the shoreline were seined netted by the MNR in 1992. The results of the inventory indicated several shoreline areas with submergent and emergent vegetation which support nurseries; young-of-the-year Yellow Perch, Largemouth Bass, Bluegill and Pumpkinseed Sunfish, and Walleye were collected in areas (QRAP,993). Map 10 shows the location of this nearshore habitat. Shallow water with submergent and emergent vegetation such as the Dead Creek Marsh and the mouth of the marsh, provide spawning habitat for warm water fish such as Northern Pike, Brown Bullhead, Yellow Perch and Smallmouth Bass (Environment Canada, 1993; MNR, 1993). In addition, a local landowner had observed Northern Pike several years ago travelling up Dead Creek in the spring. There are no recent reports of fish in Dead Creek. High stream flows that occur during spring melt and heavy rainfall, dwindle to minimal levels for most of the year. As a result, it is unlikely that the stream provides suitable fish habitat. The limestone escarpment creates a barrier that prevents fish from entering York Creek. In addition, the intermittent nature of the stream further limits its suitability to provide fish habitat. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 37 Two culverts under the abandoned CNR line and Highway #33 permit water from the Dead Creek Marsh to drain into the Bay ofQuinte. The culverts appear to be too high to allow the passage of fish into the marsh to spawn. The Bay of Quinte Habitat Working Group (QRAP) is considering the replacement of these culverts. Several landowners along the shoreline have noted a decline in the number of fish along the shore (Appendix 3). 5.4 WILDLIFE The natural areas study (Brownell, 1993) and the Dead Creek Marsh wetland evaluation (MNR, 1993) provide information on the wildlife found in these areas. A preliminary list .ofbreeding birds, manunals, reptiles and amphibians along the Lake Ontario Waterfront was included in Brownell's study. The Dead Creek Marsh creates habitat for a number of wildlife species. The open water and vegetation cover provides nesting and feeding areas for a variety of wading and colonial birds as well as for waterfowl (Environment Canada, 1993; MNR, 1993). According to the wetland evaluation (MNR, 1993), several provincially significant animal species are found in the marsh, including the Least Bittern, Black Tern, Caspian Tern, Great Black-Backed Gull, Black Crowned Night Heron (MNR, 1993) and Northern Harrier (MNR, 1986). In the winter, the areas also provides cover for animals such as fox, coyote and winter birds (MNR, 1993). Quinte RAP and the Canadian Wildlife Service have been involved with a Black Tern Breeding Enhancement Study. In the past, Black Terns have been observed nesting within the wetland and . at the mouth of the Murray Canal (Richardson, 1994). However, nesting evidence was not found in a 1994 survey (Richardson, 1994). Platform and vocalization stations have been placed in the marsh to attract these birds to the area (Hartley, 1995). Wooded areas in the watershed provide habitat for deer. Although information on annual deer harvest was not available, many landowners have indicated that deer occur on their property. Natural food sources such as red osier dogwood, white cedar, maple, and beech (Brandon, 1983) are common in the watershed. In addition, agricultural crops such as corn can supplement the natural diet. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 38 Environment Canada, 1993. Environmental Sensitivity Atlasfor Lake Ontario's Canadian Shoreline QRAP, 1993. Summary of the Nearshore Habitat Inventory on The Bay ofQuinte 1991-1993 BrowneJl, 1993. Waterfront Natural Areas - Part II Richardson, 1994. A survey ofBlack Terns occurring in Prince Edward County and adjacent areas ofNorthumberland, Hastings and Lennox and Addington/Frontenac counties, with observations ofhabitat and use ofnesting plaljorms. MNR, 1993. Dead Creek Marsh Wetland Evaluation MNR, 1986. Dead Creek Marsh Wetland Evaluation LTRCA, 1987. Trenton Escarpment Conservation Area Master Plan Karen Hartley, QRAP Habitat Restoration Program Coordinator (MRCA) Chris Area Planner. MNR Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 39 6.0 LAND USE 6.1 EXISTING LAND USE Logging and agriculture were the first activities in the area to significantly alter the landscape (LTRCA, 1970). Agriculture and residential development are now the primary land uses within the watershed. Such development can impact surface water runoff characteristics, water quality and the extent and quality of natural habitat (QRAP, 1993). Aerial photographs, landowner assessment maps and field observations provided information on current and historical land use in the watershed. Map 11 shows existing land use in the watershed. 6.1.1 Agriculture Land in the northern portion of the watershed has been classified as either Class 1 or Class 2 in terms of agricultural land capability (OMAF, 1962). Apple orchards and row crops such as com dominate the landscape in this area of the Lake Iroquois Plain. The shallow soils associated with the escarpment provide poor growing conditions for crops (OMAF, 1962). Some cattle grazing occurs along the limestone plateau and directly south of the escarpment. Cattle have access to portions of Dead Creek and York Creek (pers. obs., 1995). One recommendation made by QRAP to overcome tributary bacterial contamination involves eliminating livestock access to watercourses by proViding alternative on-land watering facilities. Funding for such projects is available through the Rural Water Quality Program administered through the LTRCA office. Since 1953, the amount of cultivated land has decreased in the watershed (aerial photographs). Urbanization, notably at RoselandfPrincess Acres, York Subdivision, along Highway #33 and west of Trenton, occurred on land that was previously in agricultural use. In addition, fields that existed along the escarpment and English Settlement Road have since naturally regenerated. Specific conservation practices such as conservation tillage and no-till, are not known to be practiced in the area (Stone, 1995). However, maintaining cover crops between trees is common orchard practice. 6.1.2 Residential There are several types of residential land use within the Dead Creek Watershed. Within the Dead Creek Watershed, residential development can be described as concentrated residential lots with urban services, areas with concentrated, privately serviced lots or low density, privately serviced lots. Dead Creek State oj the Watershed Report 40 DEAD CREEK WATERSHED Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority LEGEND o A&riculture I eel Cropland IGr-I Grulnc 10.. I Orchard IT] Tree Nursery • Commercial G:l Induetrial IJ;:. Closed Landtlll IUD Aura,ate Extraction I1J Parkland " Tralla lBB Natural Area/Open Space IZ2l Concentrated Reo1denUal with Urban Servic.... r.-:1 Concentrated. Privately Serviced l!.:".j ReeldenUal BAY OF qUlNTE ~ Low Denty. Privately Serviced Reeldential ~ Cemetery Soarce: It1113 Colour AIr Pbotocrap~ 1:10,000 SCALE MAP 11: EXISTING LAND USE 9'------,,'J..~_-"~ Mil ~~--~~~==~~~~==~~=-~~~------Concentrated residential development with urban services The residential area within Trenton consists of concentrated lots with urban services. Surface water that runs off roofs, roads and parking areas is conveyed to natural watercourses. Privately serviced, concentrated residential development Shoreline development which includes two subdivisions (Princess and Roseland Acres), a trailer park and York Subdivision located along Highway #2, consists of privately serviced, concentrated development. This type of residential development can have serious impacts on water quality where soils are unsuitable for private waste disposal systems and/or when such systems are too close together (Driscoll, 1986). Several landowners indicated on the survey that leachate from neighbouring septic beds was a concern to groundwater quality. Privately serviced, low density residential development This type of development is associated with agricultural areas and scattered development along roads. Scattered rural development can fragment natural areas and increase the cost of services for a municipality. 6.1.3 Commercial Commercial development within the watershed occur primarily in Trenton along Dundas Street and Dufferin Avenue. Increased surface runoff volume and parking lot contaminants may be associated with parking lots (Totten Sims Hubicki, 1995). 6.1.4 Industrial Several light industries, including food and beverage, textiles and warehouse storage, exist in the southwest portion of the watershed, along Dufferin Street and Highway #33. Property zoned industrial on the City of Trenton Official Plan (1989) extends from Highway #33 northward to the Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area. Currently the northern portion of this property has not been developed. A network of recreational trails that extend through Hanna Park and the Natural Habitat Area also connect to this portion of industrially zoned land. 6.1.5 Closed Landfill Site The closed Carrying Place Landfill Site is located on the north edge of the limestone escarpment overlooking the Dead Creek Marsh (Lot II, Concession B). Limited information is available on the site as landfill operating records do not exist (Dillon, 1991). The site was operated by the Township of Murray, however the County of Northumberland has since assumed responsibility for the site. Waste such as appliances, car parts and other large items have been observed at the toe of the landfill (Dillon, 1991). Two studies were conducted to determine iflandfillieachate is contaminating groundwater (Dillon, 1991; Proctor and Redfern, 1995). Both studies concluded that the environmental impact would not pose a constraint for future development in the vicinity. However, Dillon (\991) mentions the possibility of buried drums existing in the fill area and suggests that long-term monitoring of shallow water is the most practical and cost effective method of monitoring potential impacts. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 42 6.1.6 Aggregate Extraction Extraction of gravel and sand for asphalt and concrete occurs at the northern boundary of the watershed. 6.1.7 Parkland and Trails Several small parks in Trenton (OW Larry Park, an abandoned quarry in a residential area north of Dundas Street) and in Princess Acres (Cec Irwin Memorial Park) provide open space imd playground areas. A playground and tennis courts also exist at Hanna Park. An extensive network of recreational trails have been developed in Harma Park and the Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area. These trails link up to a portion of the abandoned Old Trunk Railway. On private land the railway has been fenced across. Walking trails also exist in the old field directly to the south of York Subdivision (Lot 10, Concession A). A small greenbelt area, with several picnic tables, borders the eastern section of the Murray Cana~ beginning at the entrance of the Twelve O'Clock Point Road (Waterfront Regeneration Trust, 1995). 6.1.8 Natural Area These areas have been described in the "Vegetation Communities" section of the report. Some land uses that occur in these areas include selective logging, maple syrup tapping, and hunting. 6.2 FUTURE LAND USE 6.2.1 Projected Development The City of Trenton has very little remaining land for development. The remaining vacant land within the entire City limits will accommodate an additional population of only 750 low density residential units (Murphy, 1995). As a result, the rural area (Murray Township) immediately to the west of the City (Map 12) is expected to undergo considerable growth in the next few years. This area within the Dead Creek Watershed east of Second Dug Hill Road and north of the escarpment, will be able to accommodate a population of 1,833 (based on low density residential housing) (Murphy, 1995). Other potential development areas include the industrially-zoned land in the south west comer of the City of Trenton, the rural land below the escarpment and east of Second Dug Hill Road, the land designated industrial along Wooler Road and the commercial development site in Lot 7, Concession 1. These areas are shown on Map 12. This increased population could put a significant amount of stress on the natural environment - available green space, surface and ground water quality, and natural diversity. As well, there will be an increased demand for health and emergency services. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 43 Activities that indicate the potential for future land use change include: • negotiations between the City of Trenton and Murray Township to realign city limits up to Second Dug Hill Road (Murphy, 1995) • a proposal for a servicing agreement for the proposed commercial development at Lot 7, Concession 1 (Murphy, 1995) • preliminary development proposals prepared for the area (Murphy, 1995) 6.2.2 Economic Recreational Opportunities Most of the land in the watershed is privately owned. Public access to the unique natural features of the Dead Creek Watershed such as the Bay of Quinte shoreline, the Dead Creek Marsh, and the escarpment are limited. A number of recreational opportunities exist in the watershed (Map 13); these may also have economic benefit to the community. The Waterfront Trail extends along the Lake Ontario Shoreline from Burlington to Trenton and connects parks, pathways, natural areas and activity areas along the waterfront (Waterfront Regeneration Trust, 1995). Currently the trail through the Dead Creek Watershed, follows along the Murray Canal Road and Highway #33 towards Trenton. Two abandoned railroads pass through the watershed. A Canadian National Railroad (CNR) line from Picton extends northward, across the Murray Canal and along the Bay of Quinte shoreline to Trenton. The Quinte Action Committee is developing a proposal to convert the abandoned line into a tourist railway. Another option for the railway would be the Waterfront Trail. The abandoned Grand Trunk Railroad cuts across the watershed and follows along the escarpment towards Trenton. The track has been removed. The eastern portion of the line within Trenton forms part of the recreational trail network in Hanna Park and the Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area. However, in Murray Township the line is largely under private ownership and/or has been fenced. This limits its use as a recreational trail. The Murray Canal, which is operated by Trent-Severn Waterway, is an important historical feature of the area. In its early years, the canal was a busy shipping route for freighter and steamboat traffic (Waterfront Regeneration Trust, 1995). Today, the canal provides a route from the Bay of Quinte to Presqu'ile Bay for recreational boaters and fishermen. Public access to the Dead Creek Marsh is limited, and very few people use the area. A local resident has suggested an option for making the area more accessible to canoeists. This would involve replacing the two small culverts at the mouth of the marsh with a single culvert large enough to permit the passage of a canoe. In addition, it was suggested that the abandoned landfill site be converted into a small park which would provide a view ofthe marsh and the Bay of Quinte. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 44 -----_._------._-_.-LEGEND ------_._- G:I Proposed Urban Development Area I'iI2I PotanUai Urban Development Area ID3 Proposed Commercial Development IZZl PotanUai Indwrtrla1 (Hurray Twp.) 5:B PotanUai Indwrtrla1 (Cit,. of Trenton) Source: Hurphy. 1996 Cit,. of Trenton Official Plan Townahlp of Hurray Official Plan o L--__ , MAP 12: Proposed & Potential I i I Development Areas L . ---~ ..,- .... _., : DEAD CREEK i N WATERSHED I ,...-----.------.._- "-_._-. ---- LEGEND ~ Abandoned Grand Trunk LIne· E3 Abandoned CNR LIne F"· ".J Waterfront TraU Hanna Park '" Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area. '; _ Iluniclpal Parks [11~ IIla:h School [sl Primary School f.+.+l Dead Creek Ilarsh ~ ., LG.J Golf Course BAY OF QUINTE SCALE , ! MAP 13: RECREATIONAL L_ ... . J 6.3 LAND USE PLANNING POLICIES Land use planning requires making considered decisions about how people should use, (or ~eave unused), part of the earth's surface, having regard to known and expected circumstances and to given aims and/or criteria. Planning is particularly important because all land use changes are either permanent or extremely costly to revert. Collectively, provincial legislation and policies as well as local policies and by-laws set forth the basic framework for land use planning in Ontario. The following sections place this planning framework within the context of the Dead Creek Watershed. 6.3.1 Proposed Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) Bill 20, the Land Use Planning and Protection Act, was given second reading in the Ontario Legislature on December 14th, 1995. This Bill is the Progressive Conservative government's attempt at amending the Planning Act to create a planning system that is faster and less bureaucratic than that created by Bill 163. The Provincial Policy Statement (PPS), which was released for consultation on January 2, 1996, is intended to replace the Comprehensive Set of Policy Statements (CSPS) when Bill 20 receives Royal Assent. Until that time however, the amendments to the Planning Act as introduced by Bill 163, including the CSPS, are still in effect. Once Bill 20 receives Royal Assent, the PPS will apply to any planning applications which were commenced on or after March 28, 1995 and in respect of which, no decision has been made. A review of the PPS has revealed that the policies of section # 2 "Resources" and # 3 "Public Health and Safety" are noteworthy with respect to the Dead Creek Watershed. A detailed review of the site specific applicability of the agricultural, mineral resources, natural heritage, water quality and quantity, archaeological and hazard policies to the Dead Creek Watershed should be done as part of the subwatershed plan. This should be the responsibility of a Technical Review Committee. The intent of a subwatershed plan is to identify development opportunities and constraints in a given area. Once these natural resource and hazard matters have been addressed, the subwatershed plan can make recommendations as to the appropriate locations for development. This will also assist municipalities in ensuring that they have regard for section # 1 of the PPS, "efficient, cost effective development". The policies of this section address such matters as developing strong communities, housing and the efficient provision of services and infrastructure. In the case of the Dead Creek Watershed, the subwatershed planning process will provide an opportunity to resolve cross boundary issues in this regard. 6.3.2 Quinte RAP Recommendations The Bay of Quinte has been identified by the International Joint Commission (lJC) as one of 43 areas of concern for water quality impairment around the Great Lakes Basin. For each of these areas, plans have been developed that identifY remedial actions to overcome the environmental problems and restore the area's usefulness. These plans are called remedial action plans (RAPs). The Bay of Quinte RAP released a Stage 2 Report in 1993 which made 80 recommendations concerning such issues as nutrient enrichment, loss of ecosystem aquatic habitat, bacteriological . contamination and persistent toxic chemicals. Dead Creek Siale of Ihe Wate",hed Reporl 47 In developing a subwatershed plan for the Dead Creek Watershed, the following recommendations from the Stage 2 Report should be considered. All of the following recommenda.ions are important from a land use planning perspective. #2. The ecosystem approach, which includes concepts such as sustainable development, should be integrated into future land use and economic planning processes within the Bay of Quinte watershed. #33. Stormwater quality control must be provided for new urban development in municipalities with frontage on the Bay of Quinte. #34. The province of Ontario's Subwatershed Planning Process should be adopted and employed by Quinte area municipalities to provide direction for the preparation of Secondary Official Plans for areas slated for new urban development. #64. MNR, MMAH (Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing), the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte, the local Conservation Authorities, Quinte municipalities, local industries, Non Government Organizations (NGOs), the private sector and individuals should cooperatively prevent any further loss of the integrity of the basin's remaining wetlands ecosystems. #67. Quinte watershed municipalities should provide protection of the shoreline and streambanks within their jurisdiction by designating in their Official Plans a buffer strip setback of 1S metres or greater to be maintained undisturbed as a natural protection zone. #68. Municipalities in the Quinte basin, the MNR.and MMAH should work cooperatively to maintain existing natural wildlife corridors and explore opportunities to create additional corridors, especially those that would link to coastal wetlands and public shorelines. Opportunities for ecosystem enhancement should also be considered through RAP programs such as the Rural Water Quality Program and the Habitat Protection and Restoration Program. 6.3.3 Status of Municipal Plauning Documents The land use planning documents of a municipality are intended to guide the physical development of a community with proper regard for the natural, social and economic environments. Although the time horizon ofthese documents varies among communities, it is generally between 10 to 2S years. Map 14 indicates the land use designations for Murray Township and the City of Trenton. Dead Creek State oJthe Watershed Report 48 DEAD CREEK N WATERSHED I Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority LEGEND rn Acrlcultural rnRural ~ Special Urban Ii3iI Rellidential WllIi3 industrial rn Environmental Protection [liS] Open Space [J[J Hamlet _ Commercial a;:J landfill I!iiI Aa:creC ..te Extraction .::..-::t City Umite Source: Hurpb.Y. 1996 City of Trenton Official Plan Township of Hurray om.lal Plan , Wlf BY: ~ S.W. 1:10000 Dr, Dr, G.R. SIIDT t401' !.1 SCALE !UR o 1 2 I ! I kIn MAP 14-LAND USE DESIGNATION M14 Township of Murray Official Plan: The Township of Murray Official Plan was approved by the Minister of Municipal Affairs on April 6, 1993. There are a number of land use designations which are applicable in the Dead Creek Watershed area. The "Agricultural" designation is found south of Highway # 2, north of Powerline Road, ·east of Hendricks Road and west of Second Dug Hill Road. This designation predominantly permits agricultural uses. The "Rural" designation is found predominantly in the southern half ofthe watershed. The predominant land use permitted by this designation is agriculture. However, other uses permitted by this designation include limited residential, recreation, conservation and rural commercial and industrial uses. The "Special Urban" designation is found south of Highway #2 and east of Second Dug Hill Road. This designation identifies areas where significant concentrations of urban uses have developed in the past and/or where future concentrated urban development is proposed during the period of the Official Plan. There is an area on the east and west sides ofWooler Road, at its intersection with English Settlement Road, which is designated as "General Industrial". The types of industrial uses envisaged by this designation are those which are not considered to be offensive because of heat, smoke, noise, dust and transportation facilities. RoselandlPrincess Acres and the Old Carrying Place Road area are designated as "Hamlet". The predominant land use permitted by this designation is single detached dwellings. A limited amount of commercial and industrial uses and community facilities are also permitted. The Dead Creek Marsh area is currently designated as "Environmental Protection". This designation does not permit development and is intended for conservation and preservation uses. The closed Carrying Place Landfill Site has been designated as "Waste Disposal". In accordance with the Environmental Protection Act, subsequent land use on the site will not be permitted until approval is provided by the Ministry of the Environment. Zoning By-law: The Township of Murray Comprehensive Zoning By-law was passed by Council on June 29th, 1978. There are a number of zone classifications which are applicable in the Dead Creek watershed area. The predominant zones in the watershed are the "General Rural (AZ)" and "Restricted Rural (AI)" Zones. These Zones permit a number of rural type uses such as farms, conservation and public uses. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 50 York Subdivision, RoselandlPrincess Acres and the Old Carrying Place Road area are currently zoned "Special General Residential (R3)". This Zone permits single family detached dwellings. It is notable that the Dead Creek marsh area is not zoned "Environmental Protection" (EP). The only area with EP zoning is the Bay of Quinte and its immediate shoreline. The subwatershed plan presents an opportunity to identifY areas that should be placed in this zone. City of Trenton Official Plan: The City of Trenton Official Plan was approved by the Minister of Municipal Affairs on August 8th, 1972. A number of major updates and comprehensive amendments have been undertaken since that time, with the most recent major amendment occurring in 1994. In terms ofland use policies, in addition to general policies, this Official Plan divides the City into a number of planning districts and each district has more distinct policies applicable to that area. That portion of the Dead Creek watershed that is located within the City of Trenton is located within Planning District Nos. 4 and 5. The Official Plan intends that the predominant land use within District NO.4 is low density residential with some commercial uses located along Highway No.2. The predominant land use intended in District 5, Subdistrict B is industrial type uses, except for Hanna Park and the Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area. Zoning By-law: The City of Trenton Comprehensive Zoning By-law was passed by Council 1977. Since that time, there have been a number of updates and consolidations. There are a number of zone classifications which are applicable in the Dead Creek Watershed area. Those portions ofland located within Planning District No.4 are predominantly zoned "Residential" of varying densities. The lands located within Planning District NO.5 are predominantly zoned "Industrial". The Hanna Park area is zoned "Open Space", which permits park uses. The Trenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area is zoned "Environmental Protection". This zone does not permit development. If a subwatershed plan is undertaken for this area, a review of the appropriateness of all designation and zoning will be required. As this area urbanizes, it may be necessary to develop a secondary plan which would be based on the results of the subwatershed plan. Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 51 Charlie Murphy, City Planner (City of Trenton) Ed Woods, Planner (Township of Murray) Bob Stone, Soil Management Specialist, OMAFRA (Brighton) Barry Jones, QRAP Rural Water Quality Program Coordinator Arnrujit Sandhu, Aggregate Resource Inspector, MNR (Napanee) Joe Chair of the Action Committee Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 52 7.0 Scope of the Subwatershed Plan In developing this report, issues and concerns have been identified through information review, field investigations, and consultation with the public, local municipalities, and other agencies. The issues, described below, should be taken into consideration, in determining the scope of the subwatershed plan. 7.1 ISSUES AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED 7.1.1 DrainagefFlooding Drainage patterns have been altered in the past by new development/road construction. This has created localized flooding notably along Highway #2. The landowners affected have indicated that some fields have become unusable as a result. Landowners want to be assured that new development will not aggravate existing, or create new drainagelflooding problems. 7.1.2 Stormwater Management New development in this area will be required to incorporate stormwater management practices to meet the quality and quantity criteria established by the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan. Since the Dead Creek Watershed is expected to experience growth in the near future, an overall stormwater strategy is required so that stormwater can be addressed on a comprehensive basis. In the long run, this will reduce costs for individual plans and will streamline the approval process. 7.1.3 Trenton Airport Zoning Regulations In order to minimize bird hazards to aviation, regulations are in place to restrict the size of ponds within the area shown on Map 15. These regulations apply to the Dead Creek Watershed. Open water storage reservoirs may be permitted by the zoning regulations if the total surface area of the reservoir does not exceed 1 ha or the reservoir is not used for water storage for a period in excess of 48 hours. This has implications in terms of stormwater management. 7.1.4 Flooding along Bay of Quinte Shoreline The proposed Provincial Policy Statement includes public health and safety policies that apply to the Great Lakes shorelines. Setbacks applicable to the Bay of Quinte shoreline are for erosion and flooding. There are no dynamic beaches in this area. Land use documents and decisions regarding new development on these lands must have regard for these policies. 7.1.5 Flood Plain Protection Because the actual watercourses are small and intermittent, flood plain mapping may not be necessary. Rather, setbacks from the watercourses could be established, and recognized in the planning documents to meet with the direction set out in the proposed Provincial Policy Statement. Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 53 r---~~~-~-~------~~ -~--~.-~---~-----~------~---~ -----.--~---T---·------~~·~~· DEAD CREEK WATERSHED ~\. \ . \ \ Lower Trent Region I • .. \ i Conservation Authority I \ ---' _.' ------.-~ LEGEND BIrd Hazard Area source: Trenton Airport BAY OF QUINTE _Zonln& RecuIations o I i MAP 15: Trenton Airport Zoning iL . __ ~_ Bird~!Iazard Area 7.1.6 Aggregate Resources The proposed Provincial Policy Statement calls for protection from development of areas adjacent to or in known deposits and in areas of mineral potential development, unless resource use would not be feasible or the proposed land uses or development serves a greater long term provincial interest. A small area of aggregate reserve is located along the watershed divide, north of Highway #2. The planning documents should be checked to ensure that this area is recognized. 7.1.7 Natural Heritage Protection Natural heritage can be protected through planning and through wise stewardship practices. The natural heritage policies under the proposed Provincial Policy Statement calls for the protection of natural heritage features from incompatible development. Natural heritage features include significant wetlands, fish habitat, significant woodlands south and east of the Canadian Shield, significant valley lands south and east of the Canadian Shield, significant portions of the habitat of endangered and threatened species, significant wildlife habitat, and significant areas of natural and scientific interest, which are important for their environmental and social values as a legacy of the natural landscapes of an area. The quality and quantity of ground water and surface water must also be maintained or enhanced. The proposed policies apply to the Dead Creek Marsh. The significance of other natural heritage areas (eg. woodlands, wetlands) within the watershed needs to be established so that the applicability of the polices can be determined. A natural corridor extends from Hanna ParkiTrenton Escarpment Natural Habitat Area westward into Murray Township and the Dead Creek Marsh. An inventory of this corridor should be completed as part of the subwatershed plan. Where protection through planning is not appropriate, the subwatershed plan should make recommendations that would encourage landowners to protect and enhance the natural areas on their property through good stewardship. Specific concerns landowners noted: • Culvert at the mouth ofthe Dead Creek Marsh restricts access of fish to the marsh • Lack of natural vegetation along the shoreline • Heavy weed growth near the shore of the Bay • Decline in fish near the shore • Garbage from ice fisherman and hunters washes up onto the shore in the spring • Dumping of domestic garbage along Second Dug Hill Road 7.1.8 Water Quality Water quality in the Bay of Quinte has been identified as an issue in the Remedial Action Plan. Some residents have also noted water quality as a concern. Recommendations in the plan should be aimed at improving the quality of runoff into the Bay. Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 55 Specific concerns with water quality are as follows: • Possible groundwater contamination from septic tanks • Damage to the aquatic habitat and increased nutrient loading to the Bay caused by cattle access to streams • Potential that buried drums may exist in the closed Carrying Place Landfill Site 7.1.9 Recreation Opportuuities Since all of the Bay of Quinte shoreline in the watershed is privately owned, lack of public access to the Bay was identified by some residents as a concern. The potential for a canoe route into the marsh was identified by a landowner. The abandoned railroad also presents opportunities for recreation. The CNR line could potentially form part of the Waterfront Trail or be used as a "tourist attraction" railway line between Trenton and Picton. 7.1.10 Servicing Two issues/concerns relating to servicing have been identified: • Watershed residents are concerned about the proposed water line between Trenton and Consecon. Costs and increased water input to sewage systems seem to be the main concerns. • Water and sewage disposal for areas of future development in Murray Township will need to be addressed. 7.2 KEY ISSUES By completing this State ofthe Watershed Report, the background work has been completed, and the issues that need to be addressed identified. The key issues include: • stormwater management • recommendations for municipal planning documents • natural heritage protection and enhancement • recreational opportunities A stormwater management strategy is needed for future developing areas to satisfY the water quality and quantity criteria set out in the Bay of Quinte Stormwater Management Strategy. By completing an overall strategy, developers should be able to work together to make the best use of their land and reduce the number offacilities required. Recommendations can be provided in the subwatershed plan for updating their municipal planning documents. Identification of those areas that are subject to the natural heritage and natural hazard policies can be done through development of the plan. The Dead Creek Watershed has a.number of woodlands and wetlands that add to the natural diversity of the area. The corridor that runs form Hanna Park in Trenton to the west ofWooler Road should be protected and enhanced. The natural corridor, if maintained, will serve as a Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 56 greenbelt through the developed area, making the area more attractive to prospective developers and buyers. The subwatershed plan should include an inventory of the natural areas as well as recommendations on how to enhance them. A lack of recreational opportunities in the area has been noted. As development occurs, enhanced recreational facilities may draw people to the area. When developing the subwatershed plan, recommendations should be made in this regard. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 57 8.0 Next Steps By completing this State of the Watershed Report, the background work has been completed, and the issues that need to be addressed identified. A preliminary Terms ofReference for the subwatershed plan has been developed. It is recommended that this Terms ofReference be reviewed by a steering committee, consisting of the major stakeholders, and revised accordingly. This section also outlines the roles and responsibilities of the various players in developing the plan. 8.1 PRELIMINARY TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR DEAD CREEK SUBWATERSHED PLAN 8.1.1 Time-frame As indicated in earlier correspondence between the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority and the Township of Murray, the Dead Creek Subwatershed Plan is to be completed over a two year period. 8.1.2 Issues The main issues to be addressed in this study relate directly to future development and its compatibility with the natural environment. Storrnwater management is the key issue. In addition, appropriate recommendations need to be developed to assist the municipality with interpretation and implementation of the proposed Provincial Planning Policies. Protection and enhancement of the natural heritage features in the watershed and identification of recreation opportunities should be considered in developing the Plan Reference should also be made, where appropriate, to the Quinte Remedial Action Plan Stage 2 Report, and applicable recommendations highlighted. 8.1.3 Objectives The objectives of the Dead Creek Subwatershed Plan are: • To ensure that development within the Dead Creek Watershed contributes to improving the health of the watershed and the Bay of Quinte. • To help achieve a balance between ecosystem health and land use change. • To bring together all the players--interested citizens, developers, community groups, agencies and both municipalities--to develop a consensus on what the Dead Creek Watershed should look like in the future and to identifY the means of reaching that vision. Dead Creek State ofthe Wate1~hed Report 58 • To identifY the objectives of the agencies upfront: with a watershed plan in place, developers will know what criteria they will have to meet and this will help eliminate lengthy review periods and delays. • To increase public awareness of watershed planning and the ecosystem approach. Individual landowners will have access to information that will help them manage their properties in a manner that respects and enhances the watershed ecosystem. • To cut the costs of development. Compared with the adhoc way ofland use planning, watershed planning saves money. While the initial start up costs are high, implementation and maintenance costs are quite reasonable compared with the repetitive high costs of dealing with individual situations as they arise (numerous, small, unrelated environmental studies, law suites and remedial infrastructure). • To provide the municipality with technical information that will help it "have regard to" the proposed Provincial Policy Statement to be issued under the Planning Act when making land use planning decisions. 8.1.4 Data Collection and Studies In developing the State ofthe Watershed Report, available information on the watershed was identified and collected. The following additional information and studies are believed necessary: • Water Quality A water quality sampling program was initiated in 1995. This sampling program should be continued in 1996 to gather background data on the creek. • Hydrology and Stormwater Management The subwatersheds within the study area need to be assessed in terms of hydraulic parameters in order to determine the rainfall/runoff response of the watercourses. This information would be used to develop a stormwater strategy that addresses quality and quantity control to the specifications set out in the Quinte Remedial Action Plan. • Natural Areas InventorylEvaluation The significance of the natural areas within the watershed need to be determined (eg. woodlands and wetlands) to clarifY the applicability of the provincial policy. For properties that have not yet been inventoried, landowner permission would be required. • Contour Mapping Contour mapping exists for a portion of the watershed. However, this mapping is not in digital form and does not cover all of the areas with potential for development. Contour mapping (at a scale of 1:2000) should be completed, in digital form, for the entire area between Trenton and the Wooler Road and the industrial-designated land east ofWooler Road. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 59 The following additional work was considered, but is not considered to be priority. It therefore has not been included as part of the work plan. • Comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) A comprehensive ElS, carried out for the lands adjacent to the provincially significant wetland, would have identified appropriate development setbacks and requirements for the adjacent lands. The lands adjacent to the Dead Creek Marsh are not undergoing development pressure. Therefore, the additional costs cannot be justified. • Bay of Quinte: Shoreline Erosion Study The proposed Provincial Policy Statement outlines Public Health and Safety Policies that generally direct development to areas outside of the hazardous lands adjacent to the Great Lakes shoreline. The limit of the erosion hazards may be too restrictive along the Bay; a consultant's study could be completed to reduce the erosion standard. However, almost all of the lands along the Bay within the study area are already developed. The only lands that are not developed are located to the south of the Wooler Road. In this area, the flooding standard is greater than the erosion standard. Since the shoreline is mostly developed, the expense of doing the study is not warranted. • Flood Plain Mapping Flood Plain mapping has not been identified as a priority in the State ofthe Watershed Report. Most of the development is proposed in the upper reaches of the watersheds where the upstream drainage basins are less than 125 hectares. Regard for the planning policy statements can be achieved through appropriate setbacks. • Fisheries It has become standard practice for most subwatershed plans to assess the streams for fisheries habitat. Based on the stream morphology, hydrology and the benthic invertebrate survey, fish habitat within Dead or York Creek does not seem to be a concern. 8.1.5 Mapping Mapping for the subwatershed plan will be completed in digital format. 8.1.6 Preparation of the Subwatershed Plan Development of the subwatershed plan will require synthesis of all the available information, studies and reports and will make recommendations based on the information. The plan will identity: • development opportunities and constraints • water quality and quantity criteria for new development • a stormwater management strategy • preferred methods of protecting ecosystems Dead Creek State ofthe WateJ~hed Report 60 • remedial actions to restore and protect the Bay • recommendations for delineation of environmental protection designations and zones • recreation opportunities • an implementation plan • a monitoring plan 8.2 ROLES AND RESPONsmILITIES 8.2.1 Steering Committee A Steering Committee, consisting of representatives from the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority, Township of Murray, City of Trenton, and QRAP will guide the development of the subwatershed plan. The Steering Committee will be responsible for making sure that the project is proceeding within the projected time lines and budget. They will also ensure that the views of other stakeholders (agencies, developers and the public) are given due consideration and that the final plan makes recommendations that are locally acceptable. In order to ensure that the community interest is being taken into consideration, representatives from the Community Liaison Committee, described below, may be appointed to the Steering Committee. 8.2.2 Technical Review Committee Ministries and agencies will be invited to participate on a Technical Review Committee. This committee will be consulted at various stages throughout the study to provide input and review recommendations and documents. Participation may occur through attendance at meetings and/or review through correspondence. Representatives from the Steering Committee will meet with this committee. 8.2.3 Community Liaison Committee A Community Liaison Committee will be formed to ensure that public concerns are being addressed. Representatives with various interests will be invited to participate, including farmers, developers, landowners, business people, and members of interest groups. Representatives from the Steering Committee will meet with the Community Liaison Committee to discuss development of the plan, and to ensure that recommendations are in tune with local needs and wishes. The Community Liaison Committee may also wish to select representatives from their group to sit on the Steering Committee. 8.2.4 Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority The Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority is prepared to act as Project Manager for the Subwatershed Plan. As Project Manager, the LTRCA would be responsible for: • overall coordination of the project (including technical and financial management) • liaising with stakeholders (government agencies, interest groups, developers, public) • development and implementation of a public consultation program • establishment of a Steering Committee Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 61 • development of terms of references for consultant studies in consultation with the Steering Committee • liaising with consultants • formulating recommendations to address issues to present to the Steering Committee • writing draft and final reports The Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority would also provide: • Geographic Information Services (GIS) to complete the mapping • collection of water quality samples and interpretation of the results 8.2.5 Consultant Studies The LTRCA would be responsible for hiring specialists to complete specific technical studies. Hydrology/Stormwater Management Strategy Consultants will be hired to determine the hydrology of the various sub-basins for the areas with potential for development. The consultants will develop a stormwater management strategy that takes watershed considerations into account. The ability of natural areas to assimilate pollutant/runoff will need to be assessed. Maintenance of robust and viable natural areas will be encouraged in the overall stormwater control strategy to offset mechanical or man-made systems. Stormwater management alternatives which satisiY the water quality and quantity criteria set out by the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan will be identified by the consultant. Environmental and engineering studies will be undertaken to determine the preferred combination of stormwater management facilities, best management practices and use/preservation of natural areas. The consultants will provide preliminary engineering for the works proposed in the preferred stormwater management alternative, including cost estimates, target flows, land requirements, grading requirements and structural works, in sufficient detail to allow the document to be used as guidelines for final design. A stormwater strategy implementation plan would also be developed that includes phasing, cost sharing, responsibilities, and post-development monitoring. For those areas to the west and south, that are likely to remain rural beyond the life of the sub watershed plan, recommendations relating to stormwater and drainage will be general in nature and be based on the recommendations set out by the Remedial Action Plan. Natural Areas Evaluations A qualified ecologist will be required to evaluate the remaining natural areas within the Dead Creek Watershed that have not yet been inventoried (wetlands and wooded corridor). Initially, a cursory review of the areas should be done by the evaluator to determine which areas Dead Creek State ofthe Watershed Report 62 should be inventoried. Inventories should then be completed for the selected areas. Following completion of the inventories, those areas that are significant in terms of the proposed Provincial Policy Statements will need to be identified. Contour Mapping Consultants will be hired to complete contour mapping of the area west of Trenton, over to Wooler Road. The contour mapping should be done at a scale of 1:2000, with 1 metre contour intervals to OBM specifications. 8.3 WORK PLAN 1996 1. Establish Steering Committee: Representatives from the Township of Murray, City of Trenton, QRAP and L TRCA should form the Steering Committee. (Representatives from the community may be added once the Community Liaison Committee is established. ) 2. Review Terms ofReference and verify amount of available funding. 3. Establish Technical Review Committee: Review State of the Watershed Report and Terms ofReference with key provincial ministries to ensure that the subwatershed plan will adequately address their concerns with regards to development. 4. Steering Cori:unittee review/revision of Terms ofReference. 5. Initiate Public Consultation Program: • Public Information bulletin/fact sheet • Public Meeting • Establish Community Liaison Committee 6. Initiate consultant studies 7. Continue with water sampling program 1997 1. Continue consultation with the public 2. Complete consultant studies 3. Complete GIS mapping 4. Identify recommendations for: Dead Creek State of the Watenhed Report 63 • updating municipal planning documents • enhancing natural areas • recreation opportunities • implementing the Remedial Action Plan • implementing the stormwater/drainage plan 5. IdentifY roles and responsibilities of various players 6. Develop an implementation and monitoring plan 7. Complete the final plan 8.4 PROJECT INITIA TION The costs of proceeding with the subwatershed plan should be estimated and a meeting called with the key stakeholders (Steering Committee). The preliminary Terms ofReference and estimated costs should be reviewed at the initial meeting in light of the available funding for the project. Adjustments, if required, should then be made to the Terms ofReference and work plan. Dead Creek State of the Wate",hed Report 6~ References Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan. 1990. Stage 1 Environmental Setting and Problem Definition. Bay of Quinte RAP Coordinating Committee. Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan. 1993. Stage 2 Report. Time to Act. Executive Summary. Bay of Quinte RAP Coordinating Committee. Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan. 1993. Summary of the nearshore habitat inventory on the bay of Quinte 1991-1993. Ministry of Natural Resources, Lake Ontario Unit, Napanee, Ontario. November 1993. Brandon, T. 1983. An Inventory and Assessment of White-tailed Deer Habitat Within Murray Marsh. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (Napanee). Brownel~ VR 1993. Waterfront Natural Areas Part II: A Biological Inventory and Evaluation qf 28 Natural Areas along the Lake Ontario Waterfront from Newcastle to Trenton. Prepared for the Waterfront Regeneration Trust. Cairns, P. and C. Noble. 1985. Lake Ontario Shoreline Erosion and Wetland Inventory for the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority. Calnan M. ed. 1987. Gunshot and Gleanings of The Historic Carrying Place, Bay ofQuinte. Ameliasburgh: & 8th Town Historical Society. Chapman, L. T. and D.F. Putnum. 1984. The Physiography of Southern OntariO, 3rd Ed., Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 2. City of Trenton. 1972. Official Plan for the City of Trenton City of Trenton. 1977. City of Trenton Zoning By-Law. Dillon. 1991. Preliminary Site Investigation - Carrying Place Landfill Site. Township of Murray. Drake and Rybak, 1995. Consecon/Carrying Place Environmental Study OWCWA Project No. 53-0013 Information Package Phase 1 and Phase 2 Public Information Session. Driscoll, F. G. 1986. Groundwater and Wells. Johnson Division, Minnesota Dunne, T. and L.B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning.W.H. Freeman and Company. U.S.A. Frost, S., A. Huni and WE Kershaw. 1971. Evaluation of a kicking technique for sampling stream bottom fauna. Can. J. Zoo!. 49: 167-173 Environment Canada. 1993. Flooding- Canada Water Book. Ed. J. Andrews. Economics and Conservation Branch. Ottawa. Hartley, K. 1995. Personal communication with Emma White, L TRCA (EYC) 65 Hoffinan, D. and C. Acton. 1974. The Soils ofNorthumberland County. Report No. 42 of the Ontario Soil Survey. Hosie, R 1979. Native Trees of Canada. Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. Don Mills. Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority. 1970. Lower Trent Region Conservation Report: Volume 1, 1970. Department of Energy and Resources Management. Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority. 1987. Trenton Escarpment Conservation Area Master Plan. MacLelland. 1995. Letter on file at the LTRCA Ministry of the Environment and Energy. 1991.1nterim Stormwater Quality Control Guidelinesfor New Development. Ministry of the Environment and Energy. 1994. Water Quality Data Ontario Lakes and Streams. Queen's Printer for Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy. 1995. Water Well Data System for Northumberland County Ministry of the Environment and Energy and the Ministry of Natural Resources. 1993. Watershed Management on a Watershed Basis: Implementing an Ecosystem Approach. Queen's Printer for Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources and the Canadian Wildlife Service. 1984. An Evaluation System for Wetlands of Ontario, South of the Precambrian Shield 2nd Ed. Ministry of Natural Resources. 1986. MNR Wetland Evaluation Record for the Dead Creek Marsh. Ministry of Natural Resources. 1993. Southern Ontario Wetland Evaluation for the Dead Creek Marsh Complex. Mirynech, E. 1963. Pleistocene Geology of the Trenton-Campbeliford Map Area, Ontario. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Murphy, C. 1995. Letter on file at the LTRCA Proctor & Redfern Limited and Gartner Lee Associates Limited. 1975. Geological Inventory - Mineral Aggregate Study for Part of the Eastern Ontario Region. Ministry of Natural Resources. Proctor and Redfern Limited. 1995. Monitoring Report (l993-1995) for the Closed Carrying Place Landfill. Prepared for the County of Northumberland. Sandhu, A (MNR). 1996. Personal communication with Emma White, LTRCA (EYe) Sly, P.G. 1986. Review ofpost-glacial environmental changes and cultural impacts in the Bay of Quinte. In Project Quinte: Point source phosphorus control and ecosystem response in the Bay of QUinte, Lake Ontario. Eds. Cx. Minns, D.A Hurley and KH. Nicholls. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa. 66 Stone, B. (OMAFRA) 1995. Personal communication with Emma White, LTRCA (EYC) Totten Sims Hubicki Associates and the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority. 1983. York Subdivision Drainage Improvement Study Township ofMurray. Totten Sims Hubicki Associates. 1995. South Sidney Watershed Plan. Township of Sidney and Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority. Township of Murray. 1993. The Official Plan of the Township ofMurray. Township of Murray. 1978. Zoning By-Law for the Township ofMurray. Waterfront Regeneration Trust, 1995. Lake Ontario Greenway Strategy. Waterfront Regeneration Trust. 1994. Ecological Restoration Opportunitiesfor the Lake Ontario Greenway. 67 Glossary Aquifer: Underground areas of soil or rock where substantial quantities of groundwater are found. Benthic invertebrates: Organisms living on or in the surface sediment of a waterbody (i.e. stream, lake, or wetland). Biotic community: A naturally occurring assemblage of plants and animals that live in the same environment, are mutually sustaining and interdependent, and are constantly fixing, utilizing and dispensing energy. Corridors: Naturally connected linkages in the landscape ego wooded stream valleys. These linkages are essential in preventing habitat fragmentation Discharge area: Areas where groundwater emerges at the surface, often in the form of springs or wetlands at the base of hills. Ecosystem: A community of organisms in a given area together with their physical environment and its characteristic climate. Emergent vegetation: Erect, rooted herbaceous plants which may be temporarily or permanently flooded at the base but are always exposed at the upper portion. Ephemeral: Streamflow that occurs during and shortly after extreme precipitation or snowmelt conditions. Floodplain: An area along a stream or river that is subject to flooding Glacio-lacustrine: Resulting from glacial and lake activity. Habi~at: The surroundings or immediate environment of an organism or community of orgarusms. Infiltration: The process by which water moves into and through a soil or sediment. Lacustrine plain: An extensive area of flat land underlaid by lake-bottom sediments, which are sediments deposited in lake basins. Landform: Any distinct feature or form on the earth's surface. Leaching: The process of washing or draining of material by the percolation of water. Littoral zone: A nearshore zone of a lake. It includes that part of the bottom that is subject to light penetration. LTRCA: Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority (0) MAFRA: (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs 68 MMAH: (Ontario) Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing MNR: (Ontario) Ministry of Natural Resources MOEE: (Ontario) Ministry of the Environment and Energy MRCA: Moira River Conservation Authority Official Plan: A document, which in general terms, describes the development policies of the municipality. Zoning by-laws and other by-laws implement the intent of the official plan, and must conform to the official plan. Ordovician: A geological time period within the Palaeozoic era (approximately 425 to 500 million years ago). Overburden: The layer of unconsolidated material (eg. soil and rock) that overlies the bedrock. Permeability: The ability of rock or soil to allow water to pass through it. Physiography: The study of the development, configuration and distribution of the surface features of the earth. Pleistocene: The most recent epoch of geological time, which began approximately one million years ago. The Pleistocene Epoch is in the Quaternary Period. Recharge area: An area where surface water infiltrates into the ground and replenishes the water supply of an aquifer. Runoff: The movement of water off the land surface as sheetwash and/or in gullies and stream channels. Significant Areas (Provincially or Regionally): Sites that are selected on a systematic basis to represent the natural features and landscapes on a provincial or regional scale. These sites contain the best examples of the landform and vegetation features for the particular site. Significant Species (Provincially or Regionally): A ranking system used to assess the rarity of a particular species in a provincial or regional context. Significant designations may be a result of rarity where a species is a relict, at the limits of its range, occurs in low numbers over a wide range, or is considered threatened. Soil Texture: The mixture of particle sizes in a soil sample. Usually texture is expressed as the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay. Submergent vegetation: Aquatic vegetation that are entirely submerged beneath the water surface, except for flowering parts in some species. Swale: A natural depression which routes surface runoff. Taxa: A unit of classification of organisms. 69 Till: A mixture of clay, sand pebbles, and boulders deposited directly by a glacier. Topography: The shape, morphology and relative elevations of the earth's surface. Waterfront: The portion of the northern Lake Ontario shoreline from Burlington to Trenton that was included in the Waterfront Regeneration Trust's (Brownell, 1993), Waterfront Natural Areas Study. Watertable: The upper surface or top of the saturated portion of the soil or bedrock layer, that indicates the uppermost extent of groundwater. Wisconsinan: The most recent large-scale continental glacier advance in North America. Zoning By-Law: A precise document used by the municipality to regulate the use ofland. It states exactly what land uses are currently permitted in the municipality. 70 APPENDIX 1 Available Mapping and Aerial Photography Available Mapping and Aerial Photography National Topographic Series (NTS) Surveys and Mapping Branch, Department ofEnergy, Mines and Resources Trenton 31 Cf4a Scale 1;25,000 Based on 1963 information Brighton 31 Cf4b Scale 1:25,000 Based on 1967 information Trenton 31 Cf4 Scale 1:50,000 Based on 1979 information Ontario Basic Mapping (OBM) Surveys and Mapping Branch, Ontario Ministry ofNatural Resources Scale 1:10,000 Aerial photography: 1979; published 1982 10 18285048800 10 18 2900 48800 10 18290048850 Scale 1:2,000 Aerial photography: 1982; published: 1984 02 18292048860 02 18293048850 0218290048850 02 18292048840 0218291048850 0218293048840 0218292048850 0218292048830 Flood Damage Reduction Program (FDRP) Great Lakes Shoreline Topographic Maps, Lower Trent Region Consen1ation Authority Scale 1:2,000 Aerial photography: 1989 Sheets 70 - 78 Murray Township Land Assessment Maps Map #'s: 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 Minist[y of Environment and Energy Lake Ontario Drainage Basin - Map 5926-2 Overburden Well Yields Scale 1:500,000 Minist[y of Agriculture and Food. 1962. Soil Capability for Agriculture, Canada Land Inventory. Trenton 31 Cf4 East 71 Aerial Photographs 1953 Scale 1: 12,000 Flight Lines- 4403: 36-24 to 36-27 4404: 35-170 to 35-174 4405: 35-85 1969 Scale 1:12,000 Flight Lines- E4404: 157-160 E4405: 105-109 E4406: 50-55 1975 Kenting Earth Sciences Flight Lines 77531: 59 - 62 77531: 71 - 73 77531: 129 - 132 1982 Airborne Sensing Corporation, Toronto Scale: 1:8,000 Flight Lines- 4406: (2-427) to (2-431) 4407: (2-491) to (2-492) 4408 : (3-28) to (3-34) . 4409: (4-219) to (4-224) 1993 Airborne Sensing Corporation, Toronto Scale 1: 10,000 Flight Line 4: 339-346 Flight Line 5: 300-305 Flight Line 6: 239-246 Flight Line 7: 174-178 72 ,-- I DEAD CREEK ! N ~\ WATERSHED \ \ ! --~----~--"-~ 1 i Lower Trent Region I Conservation Authority ,, \ \ • Uoiversnl Trnoverse Mercntor Zone 18 T. BAY OF QUINTE ,, ,, \ \ ,, ,, I \, \ :1t1f BY: ---~~ ~~W> ! , b§.W. _ 1.10 000 I ~E8IOlCKD BY: D: I ~OL-__s_c-:t_LE __ ---l~ """'.RM~m\ll":~f~-~j kIn I I L______~}:l'~N"'I'_OF .()~MMAP!'!:N~ (i:20Q()) ____ 1. _ __J N DEAD CREEK 1 WATERSHED • Hap Dumberll refer to the FDRP nt Dumb81'll of the LTRCA. 73 BAY OF QUlNTE EXTENT OF FDRP MAPPING APPENDIX 2 List of Contacts List of Contacts Murray Township RR #1, Trenton, Ont., K8V 5P4 Tel. (613) 392 - 4435 Fax. (613) 392 - 7151 Ed Woods, Planner Brian Moran - Roads Superintendent City of Trenton 65 Dundas St. W., P.O. Box 490, Trenton, Ont Tel: (613) 392-0714 Fax. (613) 392 - 0714 Charlie Murphy - City Planner Chris Angelo - City Engineer Minis1:ty of the Environment and Energy Fred Stride - QRAP Coordinator Tel. (613) 549-4000 Ministry of Environment and Energy, Fax. (613) 548-6908 133 Dalton Ave., P.O. Box 820, Kingston, Ont., K7L 4X6 Michael Scafe, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Toronto Tel. (416) 235-6233 Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority 441 Front Street, Trenton, Ont. K8V 6C 1 Tel. (613) 394-4829 Fax. (613) 394 - 5226 Barry Jones - Rural Water Quality Program Coordinator Glenda Rodgers - Watershed Planner Derrick Hammond - Planner Moira Riyer Conservation Authority Box 698, Belleville, Ont., K8N 5B3 Tel. (613) 968 - 3434 Fax. (613) 968 - 8240 Karen Hartley - QRAP Habitat Restoration Program Coordinator Ernie Margetson - QRAP Stormwater Management Coordinator Kawartha Pine Ridge Health Unit Box 127, 35 Alice Street, Brighton, Ont., KOK IHO Tel. (613) 475- 0933 Ed Ristan - Public Health Inspector 75 Ministry of Natural Resources I Richmond Blvd., Napanee, Ontario, K7R 3M8 Tel. (613) 354 - 2173 Fax: (613) 354 - 4714 Alastair Mathers - Planning and Management Biologist Chris Schaefer - Area Planner AmaIjit Sandhu- Aggregate Resource Inspector Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Northumberland County Office, Tel: (613) 475 - 1630 95 Dundas Street, Brighton, Ont. KOK IHO Bob Stone - Soil Management Specialist Consecon-Canying Place Water Project W. Drake, Chairman ofthe Consecon/Carrying Place Liason Committee Tel. (613) 962-2551 P.O. Box 66, Ameliasburgh, Ontario, KOK lAO J.Rybak, P. Eng. Project Director Tel.(705) 743-5780 The Greer Galloway Group Inc., 973 Crawford Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 3XI Loyalist College Wallbridge-Loyalist Road, Belleville, Ont., K8N 4Z2 Tel. (613) 969 - 1913 Fax. (613) 962 - 1376 Rob Macrae, Professor, Environmental Technology Ouinte Action Committee Joe Marsh, Chair of Railway Subcommittee Tel.(613) 965 - 6646 76 APPENDIX 3 Dead Creek Landowner Questionnaire LOWER TRENT REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY 441 Front Street, Trenton, Ontario KBV 6(1 • Telephone (613) 394-4829' Fax (613)394-5226 January 3, 1996 Dear watershed resident: The Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority is currently working on a State of the Watershed Report for Dead Creek (map attached). The State of the Watershed Report, to be completed in February 1996, involves the collection of information and identification of environmental issues within the watershed. It is the first step in preparing a Watershed Plan (see enclosed fact sheet). Portions of the Dead Creek Watershed are expected to undergo development in the next few years. It is important that a Watershed Plan be in place before extensive development occurs. The Watershed Plan, to be prepared in consultation with the public, other agencies and municipalities, will make recommendations relating to the natural environment, that should be implemented as land use changes. A major component of the Watershed Plan will be a stormwater runoff strategy. The following questionnaire is intended to provide you with an opportunity to identity issues that you feel are important, You may provide your name at the end of the form, if you wish. Please return the questionnaire by January 26, 1996. A stamped and addressed return envelope is included, for your convenience. The results from the questionnaire will be summarized in the State o/the Watershed Report Thank you very much for your participation and interest. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact either me or Glenda Rodgers at the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority office. Yours sincerely, Emma White Assistant Watershed Planner (613) 394-4829 "MAKING CONSEINATlO.V HAPI'EN" 77 I R WATERSHED PLANNING I R WHAT IS A WATERSHED? Imagine following all the streams and creeks in an area to see where. they flow. They may start in a wetland, run through woodlands, fields, and cities, and empty into a larger river or a lake. The watershed includes all of the land and water that drains into a single body of water, including hills, lowlands, and smaller tributaries. The watershed boundaries are defined by the height of land that separates watercourses. WHY ARE WATERSHEDS IMPORTANT? Water continuously moves through watersheds and influences numerous life cycles and physical processes throughout. It is important to make decisions based on watersheds, because activities in one part of the watershed may have impacts up or downstream. "Nothing exists in isolation ... everything is connected to everything else. If we alter one part of the environment, the effects will be felt elsewhere, like ripples on a pond after a stone is thrown in. " Since watersheds follow natural boundaries they are ideal units for planning, managing and protecting our precious land and water resources. WHAT IS A WATERSHED PLAN? Watershed planning involves several Watershed plans or strategies establish an overall vision and steps. Community involvement is key, management framework for a watershed. Subwatershed from identifying the issues to plans address the same elements as the watershed plan implementing the plan. butin a greater level of detail. STATEOFTHE Watershed/Subwatershed Plans: WATERSHED REPORT -Promote an ecosystem-based approach to -inventory natural features/ environmental protection, water management and land land use use planning ::z: -identify issues and concerns -UA - Take into account the concerns and interests of the :E community UA 1 "> -Identify development opportunities and constraints for ~ o WATERSHED/ urbanizing areas "> SUBWATERSHED PLAN ::z: -Identify best management practices -integrate concerns/policies -Streamline/accelerate planning approvals > -identify development opportunities/constraints ::z: DO I HAVE A ROLE IN WATERSHED PLANNING? -= :E 1 Yes. Watershed planning is a joint effort of many groups and :E IMPlEMENTATlON& individuals .... the conservation authority, municipality, provincial o MONITORING G ministries, agencies, local interest groups, iandowners, and -through municipal land use developers. Get involved, and have a say in the future of planning and various other your local watershed! programs R , I L 78 Issue Identification Dead Creek Watershed Plan: State of the Watershed Report 1.0 Please indicate your location below and on the attached map Lot and concession: ______ Municipality: ______Street:, ______ 2.0 Flooding and Drainage 2.1 If the creek passes through your property, please answer the following questions. Keep in mind that the watercourse may be dry for most of the year or exist as a flooded area. I) Circle the following responses (A or B) that describe the nature of the stream through your property. A. Dry most of the year B. Water exists year round ii) Is the creek presently being used for water supply purposes (eg. irrigation, livestock, fishing)? YES __ NO __ If yes, please indicate the type of use below. 2.2 Please indicate below if you have experienced problems with the following and how frequently these problems have occurred. i) Surface / field flooding? YES __ NO __ Frequency: ______ ii) Basement / home flooding? YES __ NO __ Frequency: ______ 79 3.0 Shoreline If you own shoreline property along the Bay of Quinte and within the watershed, please describe any important issues that we should be aware of (eg. erosion, pollution, flooding). Please indicate the location on the map. 4.0 Natural environment 4.1 Are there any concerns related to fish and wildlife or pollution in the watershed? If yes, please explain below and indicate the approximate location on the map. 4.2 Are there any interesting natural features in the watershed that make it attractive or unique? Please describe and add approximate location on the map. 5.0 Well Water Have you experienced problems with either the quality or supply of your well water? If yes, please indicate how frequently the problem has occurred (eg. once every year, once every three years). A. Low supply :, ______ B.Well water quality: ______ 80 6.0 Land Use 6.1 Have you noticed any major changes to the overall use of the watershed? YES __ NO__ If yes, please explain below. 6.2 Are you proposing to change the use of your property in the future? Please explain. 7.0 Additional Concerns I Comments? 8.0 Optional Name: ______ Address: ______ Telephone Number: ______- o Please ensure that my name is on the mailing list. Please return to the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority By January 26, 1996 8f BAY of QUiNIE II II " ==-" 1000 Mol,., ~ Waicl'shed lloundnry ~ _-=-.1 \-Vetland t'l'.:~ :,~ \Voodlot E1 Dead CI'cc_k 82 Summary of the Dead Creek Questionnaire In January, 1996, 165 questionnaires were sent out to residentsllandowners of the Dead Creek Watershed. Fifty-eight questionnaires were returned. However some ofthe returned questionnaires were not answered. The following is a summary of issues and comments. The responses have been organized by geographical location and each row is a summary of comments made by a landowner/resident. Old Carrying Place Road Area Issues and Concerns Additional Comments • no surfacelbasement flooding • good well water quality and supply • oil tanks near the Dead Creek Marsh • marsh provides habitat for a large number of wildlife 'well water quality and supply is good • minor flooding occurs • good well water quality and supply • pollution exists in the marsh and in the bay • surface and basement flooding occurs every • water table is within 3 feet of the surface for spring and following a rainfall most of the year • concern with the proposed water project: • marsh and sandy soil provide a filter for septic systems in the area are not set up to groundwater and consequently supply and deal with an increased use of water that may quaIity is excellent result from a water main. • flooding occurs in the spring • no well water problems • flooding occurs every spring • good well water quality and supply • concern over the proposed water pipeline project ( could result in contamination from overburdened septic systems) 83 Princess Acres, Roseland Acres and Dead Creek Marsh Road Issues and Concerns Additional Comments • excess weed growth in the bay • well water quality and supply is good • decline in the numbers of fish seen in the bay - • surface flooding occurs in the spring • purple loosestrife • well water quality and supply is good • thick weed growth in the bay • no problems with well water • no problems will flooding • culverts under Highway # 33 and the CNR • good well water quality track prevents fish from moving into the Dead Creek Marsh to spawn • cattails are filling in open water in the Dead Creek Marsh • floating garbage, weed growth and zebra • the remaining marsh surrounding the shore mussels in the bay is an important natural feature • disappearance of frogs and birds from the area • well water quality is poor and occasionally supply is low • decrease in fish populations and turtles over the years • well water tends to be unfit for consumption without being boiled (poor quality may be related to the close proximity of septic systems to the well) • heavy metals and other chemicals in the bay are a concern for well water quality • harvesting of fish-fry at the mouth of the • good well water quality and supply Dead Creek Marsh every spring • weed growth is increasing in the bay • good well water quality and supply • duck hunting in the bay 84 Area between English Settlement Road, Power-Line Road and McMaster Road Issues and Concerns Additional Comments • consistently poor well water • old landfill is an environmental concern • direct agricultural runoff into watercourses • surface and basement flooding in the spring and fall • well water becomes sulphurous during dry seasons • well water supply and quality is good Land along Highway #2 • surface flooding has occurred since Wooler Road was constructed • field flooding has occurred since adjacent • well water quality and supply are good residential development o Trenton Airport Zoning conflicting with storrnwater management • surface flooding of a field occurs every spring and fall caused by damming of the drainage ditch oflooding of property due to drainage of a • York Creek is used for livestock watering residential area • poor drainage in road side ditches ( ditches need maintenance) York Subdivision Issues and concerns Additional comments o no flooding problems • excellent well water quality • basement flooding occurs if sump pump • good well water supply; require a filter and quits softener for water • surface water flooding occurs in the spring • well water is high in iron 85 Residential development adjacent to Highway #33 and west of Wooler Road Issues and Concerns Additional Comments • poor supply and quality of well water occurs during dry summers • occasional surface flooding occurs following - a heavy rainfall • occasional surface flooding occurs after • good well water quality and supply heavy rainfalls • promote recreational use of the abandoned • pollution in the bay railroads • ice damage to shoreline • heavy weed growth in the bay • protect natural areas • naturalize shoreline • more public boat launches needed 'against further development of the shore area • shore damage due to ice • excessive weed growth in the bay • fish not as plentiful as 22 years ago • excessive weed growth in the bay • plant trees along the shore to provide ice • well water has low supply and sulphurous protection • condition of septic systems • basement flooding occurs with spring runoff • surface flooding occurs occasionally • wells are empty in dry seasons and water is high in salt and iron . • excessive weed growth in the bay • good well water quality and supply • shooting waterfowl in the bay • duck hunting from the bay • good well water quality and supply • no problems associated with well water • excessive weed growth in the bay • heavy growth of weeds in the bay • no flooding problems • loss of wildlife habitat as a result of development • well water supply is sufficient if used carefully and water quality is good although very hard 86 City of Trenton Issues and Concerns Additional Comments Film Street - • surface and field flooding after heavy rain Parkside Drive • basement flooding ha occurred once in 20 years Bridlewood Lane • development disrupts wildlife habitat • Hanna Park and surrounding natural area is a unique feature Bridlewood Lane • home flooding occurs after a heavy rainfall Dufferin Avenue • in the long term, the facility may expand Parkside Drive • many interesting features in the Hanna Park • ATV activity in Hanna Park and surrounding area including a White Pine stand, eastern red area has been damaging to natural vegetation cedar stands 87 APPENDIX 4 Results of the Benthic Invertebrate Survey Station No. Order Family Number Station 1 Hirudinea - I Amphipoda Gannnaridae 5 Isopoda Ascellidae I Coleoptera Ehnidae 1 - Diptera Tipulidae I Basonnnatophora Lynmaeidae 71 (gastropod) Planorbidae 270 Mesogastropoda - 8 (gastropod) Heterodonta Sphaeriidae 27 (bivalve) Nematode - 5 Totals 9 10 390 Station No. Order Family Number Station 2 Oligochaeta Lumbriculidae 4 Hirudinea - I Isopoda Ascellidae 10 Tri.hoptera Pluyganeidae 17 Diptera Tipulidae 15 Basomrnatophora Lynmaeidae 59 (gastropod) Planorbidac II Mesogastropoda - 28 Heterodonta Sphaeriidae 15 (bivalve) Nematode - 2 Totals 9 11 163 88 Station No. Order Family Number Station 3 Oligochaeta Llllllbriculidae I Amphipoda Gammaridae 10 Isopoda Ascellidae 8 Epherneroptera Siphlonuridae I . Trichoptera Pluyganeidae 2 Coleoptera Elmidae I Diptera Chironornidae I Basornrnatophora Lynrnaeidae 19 (gastropod) Planorbidae 33 Mesogastropoda . 73 Heterodonta Sphaeriidae 35 (bivalve) Nematoda · 8 Totals 11 12 192 Station No. Order Family Number Station 4 Oligochaeta Llllllbriculidae 5 Hirudinea . I Amphipoda Gammaridae 2 Odonta · 1 Trichoptera Phryganeidae 2 Diptera Chironornidae 10 Basornrnatophora Lynrnaeidae 27 (gastropod) Planorbidae 26 Mesogastropoda . 130 Heterodonta Sphaeriidae 7 (bivalve) Nematoda · 2 Totals 10 11 203 89 APPENDIX 5 Waterfront Natural Areas - Part 1 (Brownell, 1993) Overview of: Dead Creek Marsh Dead Creek Escarpment Woods and Alvar Wooler Road Woods question (may be imder federal jurisdiction). marsh flanked by a 10-12 m. steep limestone ridge Physical Features: Lies on a sand plain in the which is part of the Prince Edward Peninsula Iroquois Plain physiographic region. Soils mainly physiographic region. Soils mainly are marsh and muck and marsh with some Granby and Brighton muck with some Farmington loam occurring on the sandy loam. Pocketed terrain with lots of temporary west side. ponding and some permanent ponds. Biological Features: Communities include wild rice Biological Features: Communities include mature open water marsh, coontail open water marsh. cattail mixed. red maple-sugar maple-hemlock and red reed canary grass marsh, sedge-Canada bluejoint maple-sugar maple-white birch forest. mature silver marsh. willow shrub thicket swamp fringe. young maple and red maple-green ash swamp. speckled black ash-red maple swamp. mature white ash forest. alder thicket swamp. sedge-Canada bluejoint marsh. mature black maple-sugar maple-white cedar open sand barrens. and young trembling aspen forest. limestone talus slope forest. mature sugar maple 189 vascular plant (179 native). 57 bird (42 forest. and young red maple-red ash-cottonwood breeding). 3 mammal. 3 amphibian and 2 reptile swamp. 155 vascular plant (141 native), 26 bird (23 species' were noted. breeding). 2 mammal, 3 amphibian and I reptile Disturbances: Small garbage dump and trail bike species were noted. paths on sand barrens at northeast comer. Old Disturbances: Some channelling of creek for boat logging trails noted in forest. Surrounded by access by owners. Murray Canal and service road agricultural land. Abandoned railway bisects area. bisects marsh. Cattle grazing at north end. Murray Canal and service road borders north side. Significant Features: Sedge-Canada bluejoint Extremely large Wellers Bay retirement community community and wild rice marsh are considered rare proposed on site. along the Waterfront. The wild rice marsh may be Significant Features: Good representation of marsh one of the best examples along the Waterfront. The communities, mature deciduous swamp and some black maple talus slope forest is rare or uncommon upland forest on sand plain. Sedge-Canada bluejoint along the Waterfront and is the only example of this community and hemlock-mixed hardwood forest are forest on Trenton limestone along the Waterfront. considered rare along the Waterfront. Regionally The provincially rare beggarstick (Bidens discoidea) rare plant species include Cinna lalifolia. Acer occurs. Regionally rare plant species include' Cinna pensylvanicum. Gemiana crinita. Agalinis tenuifolia. lalifolia, Agalinis tenuifolia and Bidens discoidea. Panicum flexile. Elymus canadensis and Botrychium Excellent habitat for the provincially significant Least matricariifolium. Relatively high diversity of Bittern. but none noted. The regionally rare Stinkpot breeding birds. Provincially significant Red- occurs, sbouldered Hawk possibly nesting. The regionally Infonnation Status: Moderate and current. rare Stinkpot occurs. Part of Dead Creek complex of Designation: Part of 326 hs class 3 Dead Creek natural areas. wetland (Mosquin and Wilson. 1986); ESA Infonnation Status: Moderate and current. (Brownel1. 1993). Designation: Part of 326 ha class 3 Dead Creek Infonnation Sources: Mosquin and Wilson, 1986; wetland (Mosquin and Wilson. 1986); ESA Brownell. 1993. (Brownell. 1993). Infonnation Sources: Mosquin and Wilson. 1986; Brownell. 1993. 156. Dead Creek Escarpment Woods & Alvar Topo. Map 31C/4, UTM 905820 155. Dead Creek Marsh Topo. Map 31C/4, UTM 909810 Site: 132 ha privately owned, 4.5 kID southwest of Trenton, 0.5 kID inland from the Bay of Quinte. Site: 180 ha privately owned, at the northeast end of Physical Features: Lies on a sand plain on the the Murray Canal, just west of the swing bridge. border between the Lake Iroquois Plain and Prince Physical Features: Situated on a sand plain in the Edward Peninsula physiographic regions. Soils Iroquois Plain physiographic region. West side of Brook and Farmington loaros. Flat terrain with some 131 90 temporary ponding. Limestone pavement (alvar) exposed at east end. Biological Features: Communities include open 158. Young Cove limestone alvar, intermediate-aged hemlock-white Topo. Map 31C/4, UTM 916790 pine-white cedar forest, young silver maple and red ash-white cedar swamp, and young red ash-trembling Site: Located 1.5 southwest of Carrying Place . • n forest. 171 vascular plant (126 native), 39 bird Area privately owned by development corporation. (36 breeding), 3 mammal, 3 amphibian and 1 reptile Physical Features: Located on a limestone plain in species were noted. the Prince Edward Plain physiographic region. Disturbances: Recent and past cattle grazing has Biological Features: Unknown. disturbed most of the area. Cutting has occurred in Disturbances: Extremely large Wellers Bay the last 60 years as well. retirement community proposed. Fort Kent historical Significant Features: Only example of alvar park. landform and vegetational community along the Significant Features: Unknown. waterfront. A provincially rare sedge (Carex Infonnation Status: Extremely poor. formosa) occurs in good numbers. Regionally rare Designation: ESA (Sandwell Swan Wooster Inc. er plant species include Cinna [ati/olia, Isanthus aI., 1990). bractiatus, Myosotis verna, Panicum flexile, and Infonnation Sources: Sandwell Swan Wooster Inc. Carex formosa. et aI., 1990. Infonnation Status: Moderate and current. Designation: ESA (Brownell, 1993). Infonnation Sources: Brownell, 1993. 159. Twelve O'Clock Marsh Topo. Map 31C/4, UTM 9288U 157. Wooler Road Woods Site: 7'0 ha marsh located I km north of Carrying Topo. Map 31C/4, UTM 913833 Place, on south side of the Murray Canal. Possibly publically owned. Site: Privately owned woods, on west side ofWooler Physical Features: Lies on a sand plain in the Road, 3 km southwest of Trenton and 0.7 km inland Iroquois Plain physiographic region. from the Bay of Quinte. Biological Features: Cattail and open water, tape Physical Features: Lies on a clay plain on the grass-coontail marsh. border between the Iroquois Plain and Prince Edward Disturbances: Unknown. Peninsula physiographic region. Soils are Significant Features: Unknown. Farmington loam and are underlain with limestone Infonnation Status: Poor. bedrock. Flat terrain. Designation: Class 5 wetland (Ecologistics Ltd., Biological Features: Mature sugar maple-beech 1984). upland forest with diversity of secondary tree species Infonnation Sources: Ecologistics Ltd., 1984. including shagbark hickory, white oak, butternut, bitternut hickory and white pine. Maximum dbh of sugar maple is 97 em. 70 vascular plant (66 native), 16 bird (13 breeding), 2 mammal, I amphibian and 160. Wellers Bay/Bald Head Island I reptile species were noted. Topo. Maps 31C/4, UTM 900775, 30N/13 UTM Disturbances: Selectively cut long ago. 930735 Significant Features: Best example of clay plain ,hallowly overlying limestone that supports a mature Site: 117 ha located in Wellers Bay, in both forest along the Waterfront. A provincially rare Northumberland and Prince Edward Counties, just sedge (Carex formosa) occurs. south of Barcovan Beach. Islands owned by the Information Status: Moderate and current. Canadian Department of National Defence, but is Designation: ESA (Brownell, 1993). protectively managed by the Candian Wildlife Service Information Sources: Brownell, 1993. and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 132 91