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State of the Watershed Report

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State of the Watershed Report LOWER TRENT REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY DEAD CREEK State of the Watershed Report February, 1996 Emma J. White Table of Contents List of Maps. .. iv List of Figures . ... v List of Tables . ...................................................... vi 1.0 Iutroduction ............................................................. 1 1.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT . .. 1 1.2 LAND USE PLANNING ON A WATERSHED BASIS . .. 3 1.3 THE DEAD CREEK SUBWATERSHED PLAN ......................... " 4 1. 3.1 Purpose of the Report . .. 4 1.3.2 Project Support. .. 4 1.3.3 Approach .................................................. 4 1.3.4 Available Information ... .. 5 2.0 Dead Creek Watershed Boundary .................................... 6 2.1 BOUNDARY DELINEATION ......................................... 6 3.0 Physical Landforms. .............................................. 9 3.1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY ............................................... 9 3.2 SURFACE FEATURES ............................................... 9 3.2.1 Soil ...................................................... 13 4.0 Hydrology ...................................................... 18 4.1 SURFACE WATER ......................................... , ....... 18 4.1.1 Natural Watercourses. .. 18 4.1.2 Areas of Seasonal Flooding . .. 21 4.1.3 Floodline Mapping . .. 22 4.1.4 Surface Water Quality ........................................ 22 4.2 GROUNDWATER .................................................. 27 4.2.1 Groundwater Movement ...................................... 27 4.2.2 Bedrock Aquifer ............................................ 27 4.2.3 Overburden Aquifer .......................................... 28 4.2.4 Additional Groundwater Contamination Concerns ................... 28 5.0 Biotic Communities . .. 31 5.1 NATURAL AREAS ................................................. 31 5.2 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ...................................... 33 5.2.1 Wetland ................................................... 33 5.2.2 Forest .................................................... 34 5.2.3 Old Field and Meadow Community .............................. 35 5.2.4 Alvar Grassland.. .. 37 5.2.5 Natural Shoreline Vegetation. .. 37 5.2.6 Fencerows . .. 37 5.3 FISHERIES ....................................................... 37 5.4 WILDLIFE ........................................................ 38 i 6.0 Land Use . ............................................................... 40 6.1 EXISTING LAND USE .............................................. 40 6.1.1 Agriculture................................................. 40 6.1.2 Residential . .. 40 6.1.3 Commercial ................................................ 42 6.1.4 Industrial .................................................. 42 6.1.5 Closed Landfill Site .......................................... 42 6.1.6 Aggregate Extraction ......................................... 43 6.1.7 Parkland and Trails .......................................... 43 6.1.8 NaturalArea ............................................... 43 6.2 FUTURE LAND USE .............. .. 43 6.2.1 Projected Development ....................................... 43 6.2.2 Economic Recreational Opportunities. .. 44 6.3 LAND USE PLANNING POLICIES .................................... 47 6.3.1 Proposed Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) ....................... 47 6.3.2 Quinte RAP Recommendations ................................. 47 6.3.3 Status of Municipal Planning Documents .......................... 48 7.0 Scope of the Subwatershed Plan .......................................... 53 7.1 ISSUES AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED .. .. 53 7.1.1 DrainagelFlooding . .. 53 7.1.2 Stormwater Management ...................................... 53 7.1.3 Trenton Airport Zoning Regulations ................. .. 53 7.1.4 Flooding along Bay of Quinte Shoreline ........................... 53 7.1.5 Flood Plain Protection. .. 53 7.1.6 Aggregate Resources ......................................... 55 7.1. 7 Natural Heritage Protection. .. 55 7.1.8 Water Quality . .. 55 7.1. 9 Recreation Opportunities. .. 56 7.1.1 0 Servicing . .. 56 7.2 KEY ISSUES ...................................................... 56 8.0 Next Steps. .. 58 8.1 PRELIMINARY TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE DEAD CREEK SUBWATERSHEDPLAN ............................................... 58 8.1.1. Time-frame ................................................ 58 8.1.2 Issues ... .. 58 8.1.3 Objectives. .. 58 8.1.4 Data Collection and Studies .................................... 59 8.1.5 Mapping . .. 60 8.1.6 Preparation of the Subwatershed Plan ............................. 60 8.2 ROLES AND RESPONSmILITIES ..................................... 61 8.2.1 Steering Committee ........................................... 61 8.2.2 Technical Review Committee ................................... 61 8.2.3 Community Liaison Committee . .. 61 8.2.4 Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority. .. 61 8.2.5 Consultant Studies ........................................... 62 8.3 WORK PLAN . .. 63 8.4 PROJECT INITIATION . .. 64 ii References . 65 Glossary . 68 Appendices Appendix 1: Available Mapping and Aerial Photography ............................. 71 Appendix 2: List of Contacts . .. 75 Appendix 3: Dead Creek Watershed Landowner Questionnaire . .. .. 77 Appendix 4: Results of the Benthic Invertebrate Survey . .. 88 Appendix 5: Waterfront Natural Areas - Part 1 (Brownell, 1993) ....................... 90 III List of Maps Map 1 General Location of the Dead Creek Watershed .................................. 2 Map 2 Dead Creek Watershed ..................................................... 8 Map 3 Physiographic Features .................................................... 12 Map 4 Major Soil Classification . .. 14 Map 5 Soil Capability Classification for Agriculture . .. 16 Map 6 Watercourses and Drainage ................................................. 19 Map 7 Location of Water I Benthic Invertebrate Sampling Stations . .. 23 Map 8 Water Well Records ............................... .. ................29 Map 9 Inventoried Natural Areas . .. 32 Map 10 Natural Vegetation ..................... .. 36 Map 11 Existing Land Use . .. 41 Map 12 Proposed and Potential Future Development Areas . .. 45 Map 13 Recreational Opportunities ..... .. 46 Map 14 Land Use Designation .................................................... 49 Map 15 Trenton Airport Zoning Regulations: Bird Hazard Area . .. 54 iv List of Figures Figure 1 Limestone Bedrock at the Carrying Place Landfill . .. 10 Figure 2 Geological Section of the Murray Canal .................................... 10 Figure 3 Benthic invertebrate communities found at four different stations along Dead Creek ........................................ 26 v List of Tables Table 1 Soil characteristics and the association with the pattern of glacial deposits in the Dead Creek Watershed ............................................. 13 Table 2 Results of surface water quality sampling at Dead Creek . .. 24 vi 1.0 Introduction The Dead Creek Watershed, has been identified as a top priority for subwatershed planning by the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority (LTRCA) and the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan (QRAP). Located within the Township of Murray and the City of Trenton, this 1150 hectare watershed drains into the Bay of Quinte (Map 1). This report, initiated by the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority in September 1995, is the first phase of the Dead Creek Subwatershed Plan. 1.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT The arrival of colonists in the late 1700's to the Bay of Quinte area, one of the oldest, settled rural areas in Ontario, marked the beginning of dramatic cultural changes to the natural landscape (QRAP, 1990). Over the years, the natural shoreline has progressively become more developed as a result of urban, industrial, and agricultural activity. The many rivers and streams in the Quinte area act as pathways for the disposal of by-products of this human activity into the Bay. The result has been a degraded ecosystem affected by excessive nutrient enrichment, bacteriological and heavy metal contamination and habitat loss (QRAP, 1990). In 1975 the International Joint Commission identified the Bay ofQuinte as an area of enviromnental concern (QRAP, 1990). The Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan was developed to provide recommendations for the reduction of contaminant loading to the Bay, thereby improving, enhancing and protecting the Bay's ecosystem· and the surrounding land (QRAP, 1993). As the population around the Bay of Quinte is expected to grow at an annual rate of 1.1 percent to the year 2001 (QRAP, 1993), changes in land use, especially urban growth, can be expected. Continual intensification of development can aggravate a number of environmental problems, including water quality concerns (Ministry of Environment and Energy (MOEE), 1991). In order to address environmental concerns relating to urbanization, the QRAP (1993) identified the following recommendation in the Stage 2 Report - Time to Act: The province of Ontario's Subwatershed Planning Process should be adopted and employed by Quinte area municipalities to provide direction for the preparation of Secondary Official Plans for areas slatedfor new urban development. Dead Creek State of the Watershed Report 1 MAP 1: GENERAL lOCATION OF DEAD CREEK WATERSHED ---- ---- ----- .. ,.--.------- -------_._- ... --_._-- -,----.----~.--------. ------_._------ , '\ ' .', DEAD CREEK WATERSHED ~:.. ,"ENr ~~~ .i/ )It \ . ~ AlIt,. l:. '~ ~<l ~.... 1"'OH ~ BY; C:\WC_DEAD.CDR SCALE \.alce ontario o 5 10
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