DOCSLIB.ORG

(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub US 20030029078A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2003/0029078 A1 Pedersen et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 13, 2003 (54) METHODS AND CUTTINGS FOR MASS (30) Foreign Application Priority Data PROPAGATION OF PLANT PARASITES Jul. 9, 2001 (DK) .............................. .. PA 2001 01078 (76) Inventors: Jorgen Smidstrup Damgaard Pedersen, Stenstrup (DK); Bo I. Publication Classi?cation J orgensen, Holbaek (DK) (51) Int. Cl? ............................. .. A01C 1/00; A01G 1/00 (52) Us. 01. ......................................................... .. 47/1.1 R Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT JACOBSON HOLMAN PROFESSIONAL LIMITED LIABILITY The invention relates to the ?eld of plant propagation and COMPANY more speci?cally to the mass propagation of plants With 400 SEVENTH STREET, N.W. plant parasites, preferably of plants With green plant para WASHINGTON, DC 20004 (US) sites, so called herni-parasites. Accordingly there is provided a method for preparation of a plant comprising in successive order establishing at least one plant parasite on at least one (21) Appl. No.: 10/190,602 branch of a host plant, cutting at least one branch With at least one established plant parasite, and rooting the at least (22) Filed: Jul. 9, 2002 one cut branch. Patent Application Publication Feb. 13, 2003 Sheet 1 0f 5 US 2003/0029078 A1 Fig. 1 Patent Application Publication Feb. 13, 2003 Sheet 2 0f 5 US 2003/0029078 A1 Patent Application Publication Feb. 13, 2003 Sheet 3 0f 5 US 2003/0029078 A1 Fig. 3 Patent Application Publication Feb. 13, 2003 Sheet 4 0f 5 US 2003/0029078 A1 Patent Application Publication Feb. 13, 2003 Sheet 5 0f 5 US 2003/0029078 A1 US 2003/0029078 A1 Feb. 13, 2003 METHODS AND CUTTINGS FOR MASS established plant parasite. Traditionally, production is done PROPAGATION OF PLANT PARASITES in a tWo step process. In the ?rst step the mother plant is propagated by any knoWn means such as germination of TECHNICAL FIELD seeds, by cuttings, by grafting or through in vitro culture and subsequently groWn to a certain siZe. In the second step, the [0001] The invention relates to the ?eld of plant propaga plant parasite is established on the host plant, and after tion and more speci?cally to the mass propagation of plants successful establishment the plant is cultured until the plant With plant parasites, preferably of plants With green plant parasite has reached an acceptable siZe. The period from parasites, so called hemi-parasites. soWing the seed on the host plant until the plant is ready for [0002] This application claims the priority of Danish sale may Well take tWo to three years or more. For a plant patent application no. PA 2001 01078 ?led on Jul. 9, 2001, that is to be sold in a temperate climate Zone, this production Which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. All is normally carried out in greenhouses, since most pot plants patent and non-patent references cited in that application, or are of tropic or sub-tropic origin. Due to the requirement for in the present application, are also hereby incorporated by greenhouse facilities and the length of the production period, reference in their entirety. the priZe of such a product is prohibitively high for the average consumer. BACKGROUND [0007] GroWing the plants With the plant parasite outdoors under tropical or sub-tropical conditions may loWer the costs [0003] Plants With plant parasites are groWn for a variety for climate control, but shipping costs make this possibility of purposes. Some plant parasites such as mistletoes contain less attractive. Besides, most countries or regions have active ingredients that are used as pharmaceutical prepara restrictions against the import of rooted plants With soil, due tions for treating a number of diseases including cancer and to the risk of spreading plant pathogens. AIDS. [0008] Consequently, the price of such plants is very high [0004] Mistletoe may also be used for producing medica and there is a need in the ?eld to provide cost effective ments for the treatment of diseases of the small intestine methods for producing plants With established plant para (disorders caused by medicaments or infections), of bone sites to be used as pot plants, ornamental plants and for marroW (aplasia and insuf?ciency, for instance as a result of production of plant parasite biomass for pharmaceutical agranulositosis caused by medicaments or radiation), of the thymus (dysfunction, aplasia or hypoplasia), the spleen purposes. (dysfunction), lymph nodes (aplasia or hypoplasia resulting SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION from disorders caused by medicaments or radiation), for adjuvant treatment -also combined With chemopharmaceu [0009] In a ?rst aspect the invention relates to a method for ticals- of analgesia, of liver, pancreas and kidney disorders preparation of a plant comprising in successive order estab as Well as malign tumors, specially of breast, cervical, colon lishing at least one plant parasite on at least one branch of or prostate carcinoma. Viscum dry extracts can also be used a host plant, cutting at least one branch With at least one to stimulate cellular immunity, to treat leucocytopenia, established plant parasite, and rooting the at least one cut granulocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, erythrocytopenia as branch. Well as immunoglobulin de?ciencies as a result of cancer, disorders characteriZed by a de?ciency of the immune [0010] Preferably, the invention relates to host plants for system, specially AIDS, in addition to bacterial and viral Which commercially feasible methods for propagation via induced symptoms such as in?ammatory disorders of the cuttings are available or can be developed. small intestine, the pancreas and the kidneys, hepatitis A, B [0011] In a number of investigated cases it turns out that and C, skin lesions (ulcus cruis), herpes simpleX I and II as the cuttings are capable of rooting With substantially the Well as herpes Zoster, and also to treat hyperlipoproteinemia same rooting percentages as cuttings Without plant parasites With high levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycer despite the presence of the parasites. This is unexpected due ides and loW levels of HDL cholesterol (W0 98/ 13053). to the presence of the plant parasite. [0005] Plants With parasites, especially hemi-parasites, are [0012] Furthermore, several advantages are obtained by also groWn for ornamental purposes and are used as pot the inventive method. plants, bonZais or ornamental garden plants. Due to high production costs this market has been very limited up till [0013] Many plant parasites may be established on the noW. HoWever, World Wide there is an increased demand for same motherplant. Thereby less space is taken up by the unusual plants, not just for plant collectors but also for method compared to prior art methods. Furthermore, large ordinary consumers of pot plants. Mistletoes are tradition and strong mother plants can be used as hosts for the ally associated With Christmas in a number of countries, and parasites. Large plants can more easily tolerate the presence it is believed that price is the primary obstacle against pot of the parasites and can better support the groWth of the plants With mistletoes becoming a major sales success parasites. After cutting the ?rst series of cuttings from the during the Christmas season. Asigni?cant market for mistle motherplant, a neW series of plant parasites can be soWn on toes is the sale as cut-green or cut-greens. Branches for this the branches of the same motherplant to produce a neW purpose are normally cut in nature in areas of massive round of cuttings With plant parasites. mistletoe infections. [0014] Another great advantage is that the host plant With [0006] The commercial production of pot plants and orna the parasites can be groWn outdoors in a climate Zone mental garden plants is very limited due to high costs suitable for the host plant, preferably in its natural distribu associated With the steps required to produce a plant With an tion area. Cuttings carrying the established plant parasite can US 2003/0029078 A1 Feb. 13, 2003 then be shipped to the climate Zone Where the plants are to different parasitic plants) are termed haustoria. Most knoWn be sold ultimately. Cuttings can normally be imported With parasitic plants thus de?ned belong to the dicotyledons. out any quarantine restrictions. In the climate Zone, Where the plants are to be sold the cuttings can be rooted and groWn [0024] Among parasitic plants commonly a distinction is until ready for sale. Thereby the time necessary in green made betWeen holoparasites (lacking chlorophyll and pho house can be considerably shortened. tosynthesis, absorbing organic matter from the hosts) and hemiparasites (green, photosynthesising, absorbing mainly [0015] According to another aspect, the invention relates inorganic nutrients from the hosts). The borders are, hoW to a method for preparation of a plant comprising in suc ever, not entirely clear, and several representatives of holo cessive order establishing at least one plant parasite on a ?rst parasitic groups have been demonstrated to contain at least host plant, cutting at least one piece of the ?rst host plant With the at least one established plant parasite, and grafting traces of chlorophyll. the at least one cut piece on a second host plant using [0025] According to an especially preferred embodiment tip-budding. of the invention, the plant parasite is a hemi-parasite. [0016] One advantage of this aspect of the invention is that Examples of hemiparasites useful according to the present the production time can be reduced. Preferably the plant invention include, but are not limited to those belonging to parasites are established on relatively large and healthy host the genera listed in Example 2. plants, on Which the parasites can groW to a considerable siZe. As soon as the graft union is successful the plant is [0026] Holo-parasites: a list of genera With primarily ready for sale.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Olea Europaea L. a Botanical Contribution to Culture
    American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 2 (4): 382-387, 2007 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2007 Olea europaea L. A Botanical Contribution to Culture Sophia Rhizopoulou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Biology, Section of Botany, Panepistimioupoli, Athens 157 84, Greece Abstract: One of the oldest known cultivated plant species is Olea europaea L., the olive tree. The wild olive tree is an evergreen, long-lived species, wide-spread as a native plant in the Mediterranean province. This sacred tree of the goddess Athena is intimately linked with the civilizations which developed around the shores of the Mediterranean and makes a starting point for mythological and symbolic forms, as well as for tradition, cultivation, diet, health and culture. In modern times, the olive has spread widely over the world. Key words: Olea • etymology • origin • cultivation • culture INTRODUCTION Table 1: Classification of Olea ewopaea Superdivi&on Speimatophyta-seed plants Olea europaea L. (Fig. 1 & Table 1) belongs to a Division Magnohophyta-flowenng plants genus of about 20-25 species in the family Oleaceae [1-3] Class Magn olio psi da- dicotyledons and it is one of the earliest cultivated plants. The olive Subclass Astendae- tree is an evergreen, slow-growing species, tolerant to Order Scrophulanale- drought stress and extremely long-lived, with a life Family Oleaceae- olive family expectancy of about 500 years. It is indicative that Genus Olea- olive Species Olea europaea L. -olive Theophrastus, 24 centuries ago, wrote: 'Perhaps we may say that the longest-lived tree is that which in all ways, is able to persist, as does the olive by its trunk, by its power of developing sidegrowth and by the fact its roots are so hard to destroy' [4, book IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
    Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales.
    [Show full text]
  • Olea Europaea) Disentangles Ancient Allo- and Autopolyploidizations in Lamiales
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/163063; this version posted July 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Page 1 of 36 Phylogenomics of the olive tree (Olea europaea) disentangles ancient allo- and autopolyploidizations in Lamiales. Irene Julca1,2,3,*, Marina Marcet-Houben1,2,*, Pablo Vargas4, and Toni Gabaldón1,2,5,# 1) Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain 2) Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 3) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). 08193 Barcelona, Spain. 10 4) Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC-RJB). 28014 Madrid, Spain. 5) ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain. *Both authors contributed equally # Author for correspondence: [email protected] 15 Abstract Background Polyploidization is one of the major evolutionary processes that shape eukaryotic genomes, being particularly common in plants. Polyploids can arise through direct genome doubling within a species (autopolyploidization) or through the merging of genomes from distinct 20 species after hybridization (allopolyploidization). The relative contribution of either mechanism in plant evolution is debated. Here we used phylogenomics to dissect the tempo and mode of duplications in the genome of the olive tree (Olea europaea), one of the first domesticated Mediterranean fruit trees. Results bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/163063; this version posted July 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects Associated with Fruits of the Oleaceae (Asteridae, Lamiales) in Kenya, with Special Reference to the Tephritidae (Diptera)
    D. Elmo Hardy Memorial Volume. Contributions to the Systematics and 135 Evolution of Diptera. Edited by N.L. Evenhuis & K.Y. Kaneshiro. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology 12: 135–164 (2004). Insects associated with fruits of the Oleaceae (Asteridae, Lamiales) in Kenya, with special reference to the Tephritidae (Diptera) ROBERT S. COPELAND Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 USA, and International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; email: [email protected] IAN M. WHITE Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; e-mail: [email protected] MILLICENT OKUMU, PERIS MACHERA International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya. ROBERT A. WHARTON Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 USA; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Collections of fruits from indigenous species of Oleaceae were made in Kenya between 1999 and 2003. Members of the four Kenyan genera were sampled in coastal and highland forest habitats, and at altitudes from sea level to 2979 m. Schrebera alata, whose fruit is a woody capsule, produced Lepidoptera only, as did the fleshy fruits of Jasminum species. Tephritid fruit flies were reared only from fruits of the oleaceous subtribe Oleinae, including Olea and Chionanthus. Four tephritid species were reared from Olea. The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, was found exclusively in fruits of O. europaea ssp. cuspidata, a close relative of the commercial olive, Olea europaea ssp. europaea. Olive fly was reared from 90% (n = 21) of samples of this species, on both sides of the Rift Valley and at elevations to 2801 m.
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Spread of Olives (Olea Sp.) on Wagga Wagga Campus III
    THE JOHNSTONE CENTRE REPORT Nº 120 Nathan Cobb's Laboratory Conservation & Interpretation Project The spread of Olives (Olea sp.) on Wagga Wagga Campus III. Impact on heritage resources and eradication by Dirk H.R. Spennemann Albury Australia 1998 The Spread of Olives on Wagga Wagga Campus—Heritage and Eradication Options © Dirk H.R. Spennemann, 1998. All rights reserved. The contents of this study are copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne Convention. No parts of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the author, except where permitted by law. CIP Spennemann, Dirk H.R. 1958— Nathan Cobb's Laboratory Conservation & Interpretation Project. The spread of Olives (Olea sp) on Wagga Wagga Campus.: volume III. Impact on heritage resources and eradication-by Dirk H.R. Spennemann Albury, NSW: Charles Sturt University, The Johnstone Centre, 1998. 1 v., - (Report / Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation & Heritage, no. 120) DDC 583.87099448 1. Agriculture--Wagga Wagga Experimental Farm (NSW) 2. Olive--History--Australia--Wagga Wagga (NSW). 3. 4. I. Charles Sturt University. Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation & Heritage. II. Title. III. Series. 2 Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 5 OLIVES AS WEEDS...........................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Anatomy of the Oleaceae
    IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 9 (2),1988,103-182 WOOD ANATOMY OF THE OLEACEAE by Pieter Baas*, Petra M. Esser*, Marijke E. T. van der Westen*, and Marinus Zandee** Contents Summary ...................................................... 104 Introduction . .. 104 Materials and methods ............................................. 106 Phenetic analysis .............................................. 106 Cladistic analysis . 106 Survey of wood anatomical character states in the Oleaceae . .. 107 Introduction 107 - Growth rings 108 - Vessel grouping and distribution 108 Vessel frequency and element size 110 - Vessel perforations 110 - Vessel wall pit- ting 111- Vessel wall thickness and sculpturing 112 - Tyloses and vessel contents 112 - Vascular tracheids 113 - Fibres 113 - Axial parenchyma 127 - Ray tissue 128 - Crystals 129 Generic wood anatomical descriptions . 129 Explanatory note 129 - Abeliophyllwn 129 - Chionanthus (including Linociera) 130 Comoranthus 132-Fontanesia 133-Forestiera 134-Forsythia 135-Fraxinus 135 - Haenianthus 137 - Hesperelaea 137 - Jasminum 138 - Ligustrum 140 Menodora 141-Myxopyrum 142 - Nestegis 142 - Noronhia 143 - Notelaea 143 Nyctanthes 145 - Olea 146 - Osmanthus 149 - Phillyrea 151 - Picconia 152 Schrebera 153 - Syringa 153 - Tessarandra 155 Classification of the Oleaceae . .. 156 Phenetic wood anatomical classification . .. 156 Phylogenetic classification ........................................ 159 The position of Nyctanthes . 166 The wider affinities of the Oleaceae . 167 Ecological and functional considerations. .. 168 A tentative evolutionary scenario for the Oleaceae ........................... 173 Needs for further studies . .. 174 Keys to the woods of the Oleaceae .... .. 174 Comprehensive wood anatomical key to the genera of the Oleaceae . 175 Simplified wood anatomical key to the genera of the Oleaceae. 176 Acknowledgements . .. 177 References . 177 * Rijksherbarium, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. ** Institute of Theoretical Biology, Groenhovenstraat 5, 2311 BT Leiden, The Netherlands. 104 IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Bionomics of the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UC PLANT PROTECTION QUARTERLY July 2000 Volume 10 Number 3 IN THIS ISSUE Available online: New Pests: www.uckac.edu/ppq · Bionomics of the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae..............1 · Glassywinged Sharpshooter Moves into The San Joaquin Valley ......5 Research Reports: · Protecting Vineyards from Pierce’s Disease Vectored by the This newsletter is published by the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter: Preliminary Observations ...............6 University of California Kearney Plant · Hairy Fleabane Biology..................................................................7 Protection Group and the Statewide IPM · Implementation and Validation of a Thermal Death Project. It is intended to provide timely Database to Predict Efficacy of Soil Solarization for Weed information on pest management Management in California ...........................................................9 research and educational activities by Perspective : “Means Were Not Significantly Different, But…” ........ 10 UC DANR personnel. Further informa- tion on material presented herein can be obtained by contacting the individual ARTICLES author(s). Farm Advisors and Specialists may reproduce any portion BIONOMICS OF THE OLIVE FRUIT FLY BACTROCERA of this publication for their newsletters, (DACUS) OLEAE giving proper credit to individual Richard E. Rice, U.C. Kearney Agricultural Center authors. The olive fruit fly (olive fly) Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Editors Tephritidae) is the most serious insect pest of olive fruit in the world. It James J. Stapleton is known primarily from the Mediterranean area of southern Europe, and Charles G. Summers is also found in North Africa, the Middle East, and along the east coast of Beth L. Teviotdale Africa to South Africa (Table 1). There are records of olive fly Peter B. Goodell infestations in fruit three centuries B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
    Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Transferability of SSR Markers in Osmanthus
    Publication-2 Genet Resour Crop Evol DOI 10.1007/s10722-017-0514-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Cross-transferability of SSR markers in Osmanthus Lisa W. Alexander . Chandra S. Thammina . Matthew Kramer Received: 30 September 2016 / Accepted: 28 March 2017 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht (outside the USA) 2017 Abstract Developing a molecular tool kit for hybrid Genotyping with 42 microsatellite markers yielded a breeding of Osmanthus species and related genera is an total of 367 loci. Number of alleles per locus ranged important step in creating a systematic breeding from 2 to 17 with a mean of 8.7 ± 4.8. Mean observed program for this species. To date, molecular resources and expected heterozygosities were 0.560 ± 0.225 have been aimed solely at Osmanthus fragrans with and 0.688 ± 0.230, respectively. Percent of polymor- little work to develop markers for other species and phic loci ranged from 40% in Osmanthus delavayi to cultivars. The objectives of this study were to (1) 100% in O. fragrans. Osmanthus fragrans had the determine cross-transferability of O. fragrans and highest mean number of alleles per locus (4.2) while O. Chionanthus retusus derived SSRs in diverse Osman- delavayi had the lowest (1.1). A reduced suite of eight- thus taxa, (2) quantify the influence of locus-specific markers can distinguish between accessions with non- factors on cross-transferability, and (3) determine the exclusion probabilities of identity from 3.91E-04 to genetic relationships between accessions. We tested 70 2.90E-07. The SSR markers described herein will be SSR markers derived from O.
    [Show full text]
  • Olea Europaea Subsp. Africana (Oleaceae) 161 Bacterial Infections, Diabetes, Inflammatory Disorders and Hypertension [23]
    ProvisionalChapter chapter 10 OleaOlea europaeaeuropaea subsp. africana (Oleaceae)(Oleaceae) Nontokozo Z. Msomi and Mthokozisi. B. C Simelane Nontokozo Z. Msomi and Mthokozisi. B. C Simelane Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65725 Abstract Background: Medicinal plants have been used as a key source for medication and they remain to provide new therapeutic remedies to date. Extracts of Olea europaea subsp. africana Oleaceae (leaf, bark and root) are used extensively in Africa to treat various diseases traditionally. Phytochemistry has identified phenols, terpenoids and coumar‐ ins in different parts of the plant. However, little pharmacological studies have been done on Olea europaea subsp. africana. The present review aims to compile available information on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Olea africana. Materials and methods: Information available pertaining Olea europaea subsp. africana was collected through electronic search using (Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct). Results: Olea africana has been used throughout Africa traditionally for various ailments. Phytochemical studies have led to the isolation of compounds, namely oleuropein, esculin, ursolic acid, scopolin and oleanolic acid. Studies have shown that the leaf extract contains antihypertensive, diuretic, anti‐atherosclerotic, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal and hypoglycaemic activities. Conclusion: Olea africana has been used expansively for treating ailments traditionally, but pharmacological studies are seldom published. Further research is required to extend existing therapeutic potential of the African olive. Keywords: Olea europaea subsp. africana, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology 1. Introduction Medicinal plants are defined as any plant containing substances which can be used for curative purposes in one or more parts of its organ, which are precursors for the production of useful © 2017 The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Catalog2008 Missouri Botanical Garden Press
    Missouri Botanical Garden Press catalog2008 Missouri Botanical Garden Press The mission of the Missouri Botanical Garden is to discover and share knowledge about plants and their environment, in order to preserve and enrich life. The Missouri Botanical Garden represents the botanical scholarship of the Research Division at the Missouri Botanical Garden in Saint Louis. Editorial responsibilities extend to the two peer-reviewed, quarterly journals Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature, and the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. MBG Press produces and distributes other book-length titles and monographs, primarily in plant systematics and evolution. Fine art reproduction prints are also offered from the Library’s Rare Book collection. front cover image: Composite of Broad Prickly-toothed Buckler Fern and Hard Shield Fern, reprinted from the book The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland, by Thomas Moore, 1855. Available from our Rare Book Print collection. See page 62 for order information. 2 Table of Contents New Titles......................................................................4–11 Full Title List....................................................................12-39 CD-ROMS............................................................17 Annals and Novon.......................................................40 Guide to Systematics Symposia........................41 Guide to the Flora of Panama Issues...............42-43 Monographs in Systematic Botany............................44-47 Orchids..........................................................................48-53
    [Show full text]