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Bibliography ✛

Bibliography ✛

✛ BIBLIOGRAPHY ✛

Recent Commentaries and Other Recent Books on Acts and the Early Church Bock, Darrell L. Acts. In Baker Exegetical Commentary on the . Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2007. Breytenbach, Cilliers. Paulus und in der Provinz Galatien. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996. Bruce, F. F. The : The Greek Text with Introduction and Commen- tary. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Com- pany, 1990. ______. The Spreading Flame. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1958. Harrison, Everett F. The Apostolic Church. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1985. Hengel, Martin. Acts and the History of Earliest . Translated by John Bow- den. Eugene, Ore.: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1979. Jeffers, James S. The Greco-Roman World of the New Testament Era: Exploring the Background of Early Christianity. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1999. Longenecker, Richard N. The Acts of the Apostles. Vol. 9 of The Expositor’s Com- mentary. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981. Marshall, I. Howard. Acts. Vol. 5 of Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Downers Grove, Ill.: Inter-Varsity Press, 1980. Murphy-O’Connor, . St. Paul’s Corinth: Texts and Archaeology. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1983. ______. St. Paul’s Ephesus: Texts and Archaeology. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 2008. Parsons, Mikeal C., and Martin M. Culy. Acts: A Handbook on the Greek Text. Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press, 2003. Polhill, John B. Paul and His Letters. Nashville, Tenn.: B&H Publishing Group, 1999. Riesner, Rainer. Paul’s Early Period: Chronology, Mission Strategy, Theology. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1998. Robinson, John A. T. Redating the New Testament. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1976. Schnabel, Eckhard J. Paul & the Early Church. Vol. 2 of Early Christian Mission. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2004. Sordi, Marta. The Christians and the . Translated by Annabel Bedini. N.p.:1983; repr., Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994. Strange, W. A. The Problem of the Text of Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Yamauchi, Edwin M. New Testament Cities in Western Asia Minor: Light from Archaeology on Cities of Paul and the Seven Churches of Revelation. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1980.

Important Older Books on Acts and the Early Church Conybeare, W. J., and J. S. Howson. The Life and of St. Paul. 2 vols. Vol. 1. 7th ed. New York: Charles Scribner, 1864.

______. The Life and Epistles of St. Paul. 2 vols. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 1856. Edmundson, George. The Church in in the First Century. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1913. Farrar, F. W. The Life and Work of St. Paul. N.p., 1879; repr., New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, 1909. Hayes, D. A. Paul and His Epistles. N.p.: 1915; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1969. Hobart, William. The Medical Language of St. Luke. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, & Co., 1882. Jackson, F. J. Foakes, and Kirsopp Lake, eds. Prolegomena I: The Jewish, Gentile and Christian Backgrounds. Vol. 1 of The Acts of the Apostles. 5 vols. Part 1 of The Beginnings of Christianity. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1920. ______. Prolegomena II: Criticism. Vol. 2 of The Acts of the Apostles. 5 vols. Part 1 of The Beginnings of Christianity. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1922. Lake, Kirsopp, and Henry J. Cadbury. English Translation and Commentary. Vol. 4 of The Acts of the Apostles, edited by F. J. Foakes Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. 5 vols. Part 1 of The Beginnings of Christianity. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1933. ______, eds. Additional Notes to the Commentary. Vol. 5 of The Acts of the Apostles, edited by F. J. Foakes Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. 5 vols. Part 1 of The Beginnings of Christianity. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1933. Machen, J. Gresham. The Origin of Paul’s Religion. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1925. Ramsay, William. Luke the Physician and Other Studies in the History of Religion. Lon- don: Hodder & Stoughton, 1908; repr. Minneapolis, Minn.: James Family Publishing Co., n.d. ______. St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen. London: Hodder and Stough- ton, 1908. ______. The Bearing of Recent Discovery on the Trustworthiness of the New Testa- ment. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1915. ______. The Church in the Roman Empire before A.D. 170. 8th ed. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1904. ______. The Cities of St. Paul: Their Influence on His Life and Thought. New York: A. C. Armstrong and Son, 1908. ______. The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1904. Ropes, James Hardy. The Text of Acts. Vol. 3 of The Acts of the Apostles, edited by F. J. Foakes Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. 5 vols. Part 1 of The Beginnings of Christianity. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1926. Smith, James. The Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul. 4th ed. Revised and corrected by Walter E. Smith. Repr., Minneapolis, Minn.: The James Family Christian Publishers, n.d.

Other Good Commentaries on Acts Boice, James Montgomery. Acts: An Expositional Commentary. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1997. Brown, David. Acts-Romans. Part 2 in vol. 3 of A Commentary Critical, Experimental, and Practical on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, and David Brown. N.p.: c. 1870; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wil- liam B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1990. Clarke, Adam. The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour : The Text, with a Commentary and Exegetical Notes. Vol. 1. Baltimore: The Book Company of the Methodist Protestant Church, 1835. Comfort, Philip W., ed. of New Testament. New Commentary on the Whole Bible. Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1990. Exell, Joseph S. The Acts: Vol. I. Vol. 44-1 of The Biblical Illustrator. New York: Anson

D. F. Randolph & Company, n.d. ______. Acts, Vol. II. Vol. 44-2 of The Biblical Illustrator. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, n.d. Gaebelein, Arno C. The Acts of the Apostles: An Exposition. N.p.; Our Hope Press, 1912; repr., Neptune, N.J.: Loizeaux Brothers, 1977. Henry, Matthew. Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible, complete and un- abridged in one volume. Peabody Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1991. Hervey, A. C. The Acts of the Apostles. 2 vols. In The Pulpit Commentary, edited by H. D. M. Spence and Joseph S. Exell. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, n.d. Horton, Stanley M. Acts. Springfield, Mo.: Logion Press, 2001. Ironside, H. A. Lectures on the Book of Acts. N.p., 1943; repr., New Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, 1988. Knox, Ellen M. The Acts of the Apostles. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1908. Lumby, J. Rawson. The Acts of the Apostles. In Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges, edited by J. J. S. Perowne. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 1885. MacLaren, . The Acts of the Apostles. 2 vols. New York: A. C. Armstrong and Son, 1907. McGarvey, J. W. A Commentary on Acts of Apostles. 7th ed. Lexington, Ky.: Transyl- vania Printing and Publishing, 1872; repr., Nashville, Tenn.: Advocate Company, 1983. Morris, Henry. “The Acts of the Apostles.” In The Henry Morris Study Bible, King James Version. Green Forest, Ariz.: Master Books, 2012. Phillips, John. Exploring Acts: The Expository Commentary. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kre- gel Publications, 1986. Robertson, William. Studies in the Acts of the Apostles. N.p., 1901; repr., Old Tappan, N. J.: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1978. Stier, Rudolf. The Words of the Apostles. 2nd ed. Translated by G. H. Venables. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1869; repr. Minneapolis, Minn.: Klock & Klock Christian Publishers, Inc., 1981. Stokes, G. T. The Acts of the Apostles. In The Expositor’s Bible, edited by W. Robertson Nicoll. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1900. Walker, Thomas. Acts of the Apostles. Chicago: Moody Press, 1965; repr. Grand Rap- ids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1984. Whitelaw, Thomas. A Homiletical Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1896.

Classic Commentaries on Paul’’s Epistles Fairbairn, Patrick. Pastoral Epistles. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1874; repr., Minneapolis, Minn.: Klock & Klock Christian Publishers, Inc., 1980. Godet, Frederic Louis. Commentary on First Corinthians. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1889; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1977. ______. Commentary on Romans. N.p., 1883; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Publishing House, 1956; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1977. Govett, Robert. Govett on Galatians. Orig.. pub., 1872; repr. Miami Springs, Fla.: Conley & Schoettle Publishing Co., 1981. Lightfoot, J. B. Paul’s to the Galatians. Rev. ed. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1914. ______. Saint Paul’s Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon. Rev. ed. N.p.: MacMillan and Company, 1879; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Publishing House, n.d. ______. Saint Paul’s Epistle to the Philippians. 4th ed., with additions and slight alterations. 1885; repr., London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1927. Moule, H. C. G. Studies in Colossians & Philemon. Orig. pub., The Epistles to the Co- lossians and to Philemon. In The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1893; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.:

Kregel Publications, 1977. ______. The Epistle to the Philippians. Cambridge: n.p., 1897; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1981. ______. The Epistle to the Romans. N.p.: Pickering & Inglis Ltd., 1928; repr., Fort Washington, Penn.: Christian Literature Crusade, 1975. ______. The Second Epistle to the Corinthians. N.p.: Pickering and Inglis Ltd., 1962; repr., Fort Washington, Penn.: Christian Literature Crusade, 1976. Plumer, Wm. S. Commentary on Romans. Orig. pub., Commentary on Paul's Epistle to the Romans with an Introduction on the Life, Times, Writings and Character of Paul. New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., 1870; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1971. Plummer, Alfred. A Commentary on Saint Paul’s Epistle to the Philippians. London: Robert Scott, n.d.; repr., Old Tappan, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell Company, n.d. ______. The Pastoral Epistles. In The Expositor’s Bible. Edited by W. Robertson Nicoll. Toronto: Willard Tract Depository and Bible Depôt, 1888. ______, ed. The Second Epistle of to the Corinthians. In Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges, edited by F. H. Chase. Cambridge: University Press, 1903. Robertson, Archibald, and Alfred Plummer. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the First Epistle of St Paul to the Corinthians. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1911.

Ancient or Premodern Sources Greek

Aeschylus. The Plays of Aeschylus. Translated by G. M. Cookson. Repr., Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Antipater of Sidon. Epigram. Translated by W. R. Paton. In vol. 3, bk. 9 of The Greek Anthology. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1917. Aratus. Phaenomena. Translated by G. R. Mair. In Callimachus, Lycophron, Aratus. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Put- nam's Sons, 1921. Aristotle. The “Art” of Rhetoric. Translated by John Henry Freese. Loeb Classical Li- brary. London: William Heinemann, 1926. ______. Meteorologica and other Works. Vol. 3 of Works of Aristotle. Translated under the editorship of W. D. Ross. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931. Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. Translated by Charles Burton Gulick. 6 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann Ltd; New York: G. P. Put- nam's Sons, 1927. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. Vol. 2. Edited by Boeckhius. Berlin: Officina Academica, 1843. ______. Vol. 3. From material collected by Augustus Boeckhius. Edited by Ioannes Franzius. Berlin: Officina Academica, 1853. Epictetus. The Discourses as Reported by , the Manual, and Fragments. Trans- lated by W. A. Oldfather. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1959. Hesiod. In Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns and Homerica. Translated by Hugh G. Evelyn- White. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1914. Homer. The Iliad. Translated by A. T. Murray. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Lon- don: William Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1928. ______. The Odyssey. Translated by A. T. Murray. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1945. . Translated by K. Kilburn. 8 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann Ltd; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959.

Pausanias. Description of Greece. Translated by Arthur Richard Shilleto. 2 vols. Bohn’s Classical Library. London: George Bell and Sons, 1886. . The Life of of Tyana [and other classical works]. Translated by F. C. Conybeare. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heine- mann; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1912. . Lives. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. 11 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1967. ______. Obsolescence of Oracles. Translated by Frank Cole Babbitt. In vol. 5 of Mor- alia. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass., and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1936. ______. Table-Talk. Book 7. Translated by Edwin L. Minar. In vol. 9 of Moralia. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.; London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1961. . Geography. Translated by Leonard Jones. 8 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1917–1932. Thucydides. History. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. In vol. 1 of Thucydides. Ox- ford: Clarendon Press. 1881.

Jewish

Babylonian Talmud. Edited by Isidore Epstein. 18 vols. London: Soncino Press, 1961. Genesis Rabbah (also entitled Bereishit Rabbah). The Sefaria Library. Web (se- faria.org/texts), 8/2/17. . Works. Translated by William Whiston. In The Life and Works of Flavius Josephus. Chicago: The John C. Winston Company, n.d. Jubilees. In vol. 2 of The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, edited by James H. Charles- worth. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, 1985. Mishnah. Translated by Herbert Danby. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1933. Philo. 10 vols. Translated by F. H. Colson, G. H. Whitaker, and Ralph Marcus. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1929–1953. Pseudo-Philo. Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum. In vol. 2 of The Old Testament Pseudepi- grapha, edited by James H. Charlesworth. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, 1985. Testament of Jacob. In vol. 1 of The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, edited by James H. Charlesworth. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, 1985. “The Messianic Rule.” 1QSa, Dead Sea Scrolls. In Geza Vermes, The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English, rev. ed. (London: Penguin Group, 2004). Tosephta. Rabbinic Traditions. Web (instonebrewer.com/RabbinicTraditions), 8/2/17.

Roman

Caesar, Julius. The Civil Wars. Translated by A. G. Peskett. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1914. , M. Tullius. The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero. 4 vols. Literally translated by C. D. Yonge. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1856; London: George Bell & Sons, 1903. . On Agriculture. Translated by Harrison Boyd Ash, E. S. Forster, and Ed- ward H. Heffner. 3 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1941–1955. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Vol. 8: Inscriptiones Africae Latinae. Supplementi pars IV: Inscriptiones Africae Proconsularis. Edited by R. Cagnat and H. Des- sau. Berolini: n.p., 1916. Dio Cassius. Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary, on the basis of the version of Herbert Baldwin Foster. 9 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1914–1927. Justinian. Codex. In The Civil Law. Translated by S. P. Scott. 17 vols. Cincinnati:

The Central Trust Company, 1932; repr., Constitution Society, Web (consti- tution.org/sps/sps.htm), 8/2/17. ______. Pandects. In The Civil Law. Translated by S. P. Scott. 17 vols. Cincin- nati: The Central Trust Company, 1932; repr., Constitution Society, Web (constitution.org/sps/sps.htm), 8/2/17. . Satires. In Juvenal and Persius. Translated by G. G. Ramsay. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1928. . Epigrams. Translated by Walter C. A. Ker. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1919. . Metamorphoses. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1916. . Satyricon. Translated by Heseltine. In his works together with Seneca’s Apocolocyntosis. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heine- mann Ltd.; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1925. . Natural History. Translated by H. Rackham. 10 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938–1963. ______. Histoire Naturelle. Translated (into French) by M. Ajasson de Grandsagne. 20 vols. Paris: C. L. F. Panckoucke, 1833. . Letters. Translated by William Melmoth. 2 vols. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1915. Seneca. Morales [Moral Epistles}. Translated by Richard Gummere. 3 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann Ltd; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970. ______. Quaestiones Naturales. Translated by John Clarke. In Physical Science in the Time of . London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1910. . Silvae. In his works translated by J. H. Mozley. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Li- brary. London: William Heinemann Ltd; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1928. . The Lives of the Caesars. Translated by J. C. Rolfe. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1914. , Cornelius. The Annals. Translated by John Jackson. 3 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1931–1937. ______. The Histories. Translated by Clifford H. Moore. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann Ltd; Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1962. Vegetius. De Re Militari. Translated by John Clarke. Orig. pub., 1767; repr., Digital Attic, Web (digitalattic.org/home/war/vegetius), 8/3/17. ______. Epitoma Rei Militaris. Recensuit Carolus Lang. Editio Altera. Lipsiae: In Aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1885.

Patristic

Basil of Caesarea. De Spiritu Sancto. Translated by Blomfield Jackson. In vol. 8 of The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. N.p., 1894; repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. Chrysostom. Homilies on the Acts. Translated by J. Walker, J. Sheppard, and George B. Stephens. In vol. 11 of The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, edited by Philip Schaff. N.p., 1889; repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. ______. Homilies on the Second Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle to Timothy. Translated by James Tweed. In vol. 13 of The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, edited by Philip Schaff. N.p., 1843; repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. Clement of Rome. Epistle to the Corinthians. In The Apostolic Fathers: Revised Greek Texts with Introductions and English Translations, edited by J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer. London: Macmillan and Co., 1891; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.:

Baker Book House, 1984. Didache. In The Apostolic Fathers: Revised Greek Texts with Introductions and English Translations, edited by J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer. London: Macmillan and Co., 1891; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1984. Pamphili. Church History. Translated by Arthur C, McGiffert. In vol. 1 of The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. N.p., 1890; repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. Gregory the Theologian, Saint. Epigrams. Translated by W. R. Paton. In vol. 2, bk. 8 of The Greek Anthology. Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heine- mann; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1919. Hippolytus. Refutation of All Heresies. Translated by J. H. MacMahon. In vol. 5 of The Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1978. Irenaeus. Against Heresies. In vol. 1 of The Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1979. Jerome. Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians. Translated by Andrew Cain. In The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, edited by David G. Hunter et al. N.p.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2010. ______. Lives of Illustrious Men. Translated by Ernest Cushing Richardson. In Vol. 3 of The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. N.p., 1892; repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. Martyr. First Apology. In vol. 1 of The Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. N.p., 1885; repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. Muratorian Fragment. Translated by Bruce Metzger. In Appendix 4 of The Canon of the New Testament by Bruce Metzger. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987. Transmitted by Peter Kirby. Early Christian Writings. Web (earlychristianwritings.com/text/muratorian-metzger.html), 6/13/19. . Seven Books of History against the Pagans. Translated by A. T. Fear. Liver- pool: Liverpool University Press, 2010. Shepherd of Hermas. In The Apostolic Fathers: Revised Greek Texts with Introductions and English Translations, edited by J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer. London: Macmillan and Co., 1891; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1984. . On Modesty. Translated by S. Thelwall. In vol. 4 of The Ante-Nicene Fa- thers, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. N.p., 1885; repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. The Acts of Paul. Translated with notes by M. R. James. In The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924. Transmitted by Early Christian Writings, Web (earlychristianwritings.com/text/actspaul.html), 6/17/19.

Seventeenth-century

Ussher, James. The Annals of the World. London: E. Tyler for F. Crook and G. Bedell, 1658.

Works on the Background of Acts Aberbach, M. “The Conflicting Accounts of Josephus and Tacitus concerning Cumanus’ and ’ Terms of Office.” The Jewish Quarterly Review 40 (1949): 1–14. Arnold, E. V. “Stoics.” In vol. 11 of Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, edited by James Hastings. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, n.d. Axe, J. Wortley, ed. The Horse: Its Treatment in Health and Disease. London: The Gresham Publishing Company, 1906.

Bailey, Kenneth E. Poet and Peasant and Through Peasant Eyes: A Literary-Cultural Ap- proach to the Parables of Luke. Combined ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1976. Blarney, Edwin Reginald, Charles Topping Inglee, and the American Kennel Club. The Complete Dog Book and Pure Bred Dogs. New York: Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., 1949. Blass, Friedrich. Philology of the . London: Macmillan and Co., Limited; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1898. Brenk, Frederick E., and Filippo Canali De Rossi. “The ‘Notorious’ Felix, Procurator of Judaea, and His Many Wives (–24).” Biblica 82 (2001): 410–417. Brixhe, Claude. “Phrygian.” In The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor, edited by Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Brookins, Timothy A. Corinthian Wisdom, Stoic Philosophy, and the Ancient Economy. Vol. 159 of Monograph Series. Society for New Testament Studies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Broughton, T. R. S. “The .” In Additional Notes to the Commentary, edited by Kirsopp Lake and Henry J. Cadbury. Vol. 5 of The Acts of the Apostles, edited by F. J. Foakes Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. 5 vols. Part 1 of The Beginnings of Christianity. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1933. Bruce, F. F. Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1974. ______. The Books and the Parchments: How we got our English Bible. Old Tappan, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1984. ______. The New Testament Documents, Are They Reliable? 5th ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960. Bubenik, Vit. Hellenistic and Roman Greece as a Sociolinguistic Area. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. Charlesworth, James H., ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, 1985. Clarey, Tim. “The Ice Age and the Scattering of Nations.” Acts & Facts, August 2016, 9. Clarke, G. W. “The Origins and Spread of Christianity.” In The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.—A.D. 69. Vol. 10 of The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., edited by Alan K. Bowman et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Coleman, William L. Today’s Handbook of Bible Times and Customs. Minneapolis, Minn.: Bethany House Publishers, 1984. Craigie, Peter C. Ugarit and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1983. Cuddon, J. A. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Revised by C. E. Preston. Orig. pub., 1976; repr., London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1999. Daniel, Jerry L. “Anti-Semitism in the Hellenistic-Roman Period.” Journal of Biblical Literature 98 (1979), 45–65. Davies, W. W. “Divorce in OT.” In The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, edited by James Orr. N.p., 1929; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1955. Eager, George B. “Eunuch.” In The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, edited by James Orr. N.p., 1929; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1955. Edersheim, Alfred. Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the Days of Christ. Repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982. ______. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. Repr., Peabody, Mass.: Hen- drickson Publishers, n.d. ______. The Temple: Its Ministry and Services as They Were at the Time of Jesus Christ. Repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1986. Finegan, Jack. Handbook of Biblical Chronology. Rev. ed. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrick- son Publishers, Inc., 1998. ______. Light from the Ancient Past: The Archaeological Background of Judaism and Christianity. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1959.

Goodman, Martin. “Judaea.” In The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.—A.D. 69. Vol. 10 of The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., edited by Alan K. Bowman et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Gower, Ralph. The New Manners and Customs of Bible Times. Chicago: Moody Press, 1987. Hamilton, Edith. Mythology. N.p.: Little, Brown and Company, 1942; repr., New York: The New American Library of World Literature, 1953. Head, Barclay V. Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Ionia. Edited by Reginald Stuart Poole. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1892. Heidel, William Arthur. “Deacon.” In The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, edited by James Orr. N.p., 1929; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1955. Herklots, G. G. How Our Bible Came to Us: Its Texts and Versions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1954. Hicks, R. D. “Epicureans.” In vol. 5 of Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, edited by James Hastings. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark; New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1912. Hislop, Alexander. The Two Babylons, or, The Papal Worship Proved to Be the Worship of Nimrod and His Wife. 2nd American ed. Neptune, N.J.: Loizeaux Bros., 1959. Hobart, William. The Medical Language of St. Luke. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, & Co., 1882. Hoehner, Harold. Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Publishing House, 1977. ______. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Publishing House, 1980. Humphreys, Colin J. The Mystery of the Last Supper. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 2011. ______, and W. G. Waddington. “Dating the Crucifixion.” Nature 306 (1983): 741– 744. Hunt, T. W. The Mind of Christ. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995. Inge, W. R. “Alexandrian Theology.” In vol. 1 of Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, edited by James Hastings. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark; New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1908. Jeremias, Joachim. Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus. Translated by F. H. and C. H. Cave. German ed., 1962; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1969. Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin. The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces. 2nd ed. Lon- don: Oxford University Press, 1971. Kiehl, Erich H. The Passion of Our Lord. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1990. Lightfoot, J. B. Essays on the Work Entitled Supernatural Religion. London: Macmillan and Co., 1893. ______, and J. R. Harmer. The Apostolic Fathers. 1891; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1984. Maier, Paul L. “, Pilate, and the Date of the Crucifixion.” Church History 37 (1968): 3–13. Mare, W. Harold. The Archaeology of the Jerusalem Area. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1987. Marinella, Mark A. Died He for Me: A Physician’s View of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Ventura, Calif.: Nordskog Publishing, 2008. Mazar, Benjamin. “ Jerusalem in the Light of the Excavations South and South-west of the Temple Mount.” Israel Exploration Journal 28 (1978): 230– 237. McBirnie, William Steuart. The Search for the Twelve Apostles. Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973. McDowell, Josh. The Da Vinci Code: A Quest for Answers. Holiday, Fla.: Green Key Books, 2006. ______. The Resurrection Factor. San Bernardino, Calif.: Here’s Life Publishers,

1981. Melchert, H. Craig. “Carian.” In The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor, edited by Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008 ______. “Lydian.” In The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor, edited by Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Merrins, Edward M., M.D. “The Deaths of Antiochus IV., , and I.” Bibliotheca Sacra 61 (1904): 548–562. Mitford, T. B. “Notes on Some Published Inscriptions from Roman Cyprus.” Annual of the British School at 42 (1947): 201–206. Murphy-O’Connor, Jerome. “On the Road and on the Sea with St. Paul.” Bible Re- view, summer of 1985, 38–47. Nevius, John L. Demon Possession. Orig. pub. as Demon Possession and Allied Themes. N.p.: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1894; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1968. Nicol, T. “The Dispersion.” In The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, edited by James Orr. N.p., 1929; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1955. Pareti, Luigi. The Ancient World. Vol. 2 of History of Mankind. Translated by Guy E. F. Chilver and Sylvia Chilver. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965. Parker, Richard A., and Waldo H. Dubberstein. Babylonian Chronology 626 BC–AD 75. Providence: Brown University Press, 1956. Payne, Melvin M., ed. National Geographic Atlas of the World. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1975. Pfeiffer, Charles F., and Howard F. Vos. The Wycliffe Historical Geography of Bible Lands. Chicago: Moody Press, 1967. Purcell, Nicholas. “Review of Euroclydon: A Tempestuous Wind by Paul Coones.” The Classical Review 39 (1989): 422–423. Quennell, Marjorie and C. H. B. Everyday Things in Ancient Greece. 2nd ed. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1954. Ramsay, William. The Historical Geography of Asia Minor. Vol. 4 of Supplementary Papers of the Royal Geographic Society. London: John Murray, 1890. Rohl, David M. Exodus: Myth or History? St. Louis Park, Minn.: Thinking Man Media, 2015. Rose, H. J. “Divination (Greek).” In vol. 4 of Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, ed- ited by James Hastings. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1912. Russell, D. S. The Jews from Alexander to Herod. Vol. 5 of The New Clarendon Bible: Old Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Segal, Judah Benzion. The Hebrew Passover. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963. Schürer, Emil. A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ. Translated by Sophia Taylor and Rev. Peter Christie. Vol. 1 of Second Division: The In- ternal Condition of Palestine, and of the Jewish People, in the Time of Jesus Christ. 3 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1891. ______. A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ. Translated by Sophia Taylor and Rev. Peter Christie. Vol. 2 of Second Division: The Internal Condition of Palestine, and of the Jewish People, in the Time of Jesus Christ. 3 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885. ______. The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.—A.D. 135), A New English Version. Revised and edited by Geza Vermes and Fergus Millar. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark Ltd, 1973. Schwartz, Daniel R. Agrippa I: The Last King of Judaea. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1990. Serpell, James. In the Company of Animals: a Study of Human-animal Relationships. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Sherwin-White, A. N. Roman Society and in the New Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1978. Short, A. Rendle. The Bible and Modern Medicine: A Survey of Health and Healing in the Old and New Testaments. Exeter, Devon, England: Paternoster Press, 1953; repr., Chicago: Moody Press, 1967.

Storey, Glenn R. “The Population of .” Antiquity 71 (1997), 966-978. Szesnat, H. “What did the ΣΚΗΝΟΠΟΙΟΣ Paul Produce?” Neotestamentica 27 (1993): 391–402. Thinking Man Films. Patterns of Evidence: Exodus. St. Louis Park, Minn.: Patterns of Evidence, 2015. Torrey, Charles C. “The Magic of ‘Lotapes.’” Journal of Biblical Literature 68 (1949): 325–327. Tzaferis, Vassilios. “Crucifixion—The Archaeological Evidence.” Biblical Archaeology Review 11 (1985): 44-53. Unger, Merrill F. Demons in the World Today: A Study of Occultism in the Light of God’s Word. Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House, 1971. Whiston, William, trans. The Life and Works of Flavius Josephus. Chicago: The John C. Winston Company, n.d. Wiedemann, T. E. J. “ to Nero.” In The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.—A.D. 69. Vol. 10 of The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., edited by Alan K. Bowman et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Wilkinson, John. The Jerusalem Jesus Knew: An Archaeological Guide to the Gospels. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1978. Woodard, Roger D. “Greek Dialects.” In The Ancient Languages of Europe, edited by Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. ______, ed. The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 2008. ______, ed. The Ancient Languages of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Wycherley, R. E. “St. Paul at Athens.” The Journal of Theological Studies 19 (1968): 619–621. Wypijewski, Igor, and Wojciech Pietruszka. “C. Caristanius Fronto from Sutrium? ” Tyche: Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy 28 (2013): 191–202. Zugibe, Frederick T. The Crucifixion of Jesus: A Forensic Inquiry. 2nd ed. New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc., 2005.

Other Works on Textual Issues Burgon, John W. The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel according to S. Mark. N.p., 1871; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Associated Publishers and Authors Inc., n.d. Comfort, Philip W. Early Manuscripts & Modern Translations of the New Testament. Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1990. Green, Jay P., Sr. Prefaces. In The Literal Translation of the Holy Bible, 4th ed. Lafayette, Ind.: Sovereign Grace Publishers, Inc., 2001. Hills, Edward F. The King James Version Defended. 4th ed. Des Moines, Iowa: The Christian Research Press, 1984. Pickering, Wilbur N. The Identity of the New Testament Text. Rev. ed. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1980. Sturz, Harry A. The Byzantine Text-Type and New Testament Textual Criticism. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1984.

Other Works by the Author Rickard, Ed. “Against Evolution. Lesson 2: Mechanisms of Change.” Bible Studies at the Moorings. Web (themoorings.org/apologetics/against_evolution/mecha- nisms_of_change.html), 8/4/16. ______. “Bible Teaching on Alcoholic Drink. Lesson 2: Texts in Praise of Wine.” Bible Studies at the Moorings. Web (themoorings.org/Christian_separation /alcohol/texts_praising_wine.html), 6/29/16. ______. Daniel Explained. N.p.: The Moorings Press, 2016. ______. Primer of the Christian Life. N.p.: The Moorings Press, 2016.

______. “The Battle over Versions of the Bible: Westcott and Hort.” Bible Studies at the Moorings. Web (themoorings.org/Bible_versions/Westcott_and_Hort .html), 11/20/18. ______. “The Battle over Versions of the Bible: The Critical Text.” Bible Studies at the Moorings. Web (themoorings.org/Bible_versions/critical_text.html), 11/20/18. ______. “The Crucifixion of Christ: Calendar Date.” Bible Studies at the Moorings. Web (themoorings.org/Jesus/crucifixion/date.html), 6/5/17. ______. “The Crucifixion of Christ: Year.” Bible Studies at the Moorings. Web (themoorings.org/Jesus/crucifixion/year.html), 2/18/15.

Other Commentaries and Bible Studies Alexander, Joseph Addison. Commentary on Isaiah. Edited by John Eadie. 2 vols. in 1. N.p., 1875; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1992. Archer, Gleason L. Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties. Grand Rapids, Mich.: The Zon- dervan Corporation, 1982. Barnes, Albert. The Acts of the Apostles. In Barnes’ Notes on the New Testament, com- plete and unabridged in one volume. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publica- tions, 1962. Bartlet, Vernon. “Barnabas and His Genuine Epistle.” In vol. 5 of The Expositor, Sixth Series, edited by W. Robertson Nicoll. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1902. Bruce, Alexander Balmain. The Epistle to the Hebrews: The First Apology for Christianity. 2nd ed. N.p., 1899; repr., Minneapolis, Minn.: Klock & Klock Christian Publishers, 1980. Bruce, F. F. The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text with Introduction and Commen- tary. 1st ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1951. Cranfield, C. E. B. The Gospel according to Saint Mark. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 1966. France, R. T. The Gospel of Mark: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2002. Groningen, Gerard Van. Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1990. Hengstenberg, E. W. Christology of the Old Testament and a Commentary on the Messi- anic Predictions. Translated by Theod. Meyer and James Martin. 4 vols. N.p., 1872-1878; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1956. Hiebert, D. Edmond. Second Timothy. Chicago: Moody Press, 1958. Kellogg, S. H. Studies in Leviticus: Tabernacle Worship and the Law of the Daily Life. Orig. title, The Book of Leviticus. New York: A. C. Armstrong and Son, 1891; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1988. Kent, Homer A., Jr. The Epistle to the Hebrews: A Commentary. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1972. Leupold, H. C. Exposition of Isaiah. 2 vols. in one. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1968, 1971. Morison, James. A Practical Commentary on the Gospel according to St. Mark. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1892. Murray, John. The Epistle to the Romans. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1965. Perowne, J. J. Stewart. Commentary on the Psalms. 2 vols. in 1. London: George Bell & Sons, 1878–1879; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1989. Spurgeon, Charles. The Treasury of David. 3 vols. Repr. McLean, Va.: MacDonald Publishing Company, n.d. Young, Edward J. The Book of Isaiah: The English Text, with Introduction, Exposition, and Notes. 3 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1965.

Works on Church History

Armitage, Thomas. A History of the Baptists. 2 vols. New York: Bryan, Taylor & Co., 1890; repr., Watertown, Wisc.: Baptist Heritage Press, 1988. Bainton, Roland H. The Church of Our Fathers. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1941. ______. Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. N.p.: 1950; repr., New York and To- ronto: The New American Library, Inc., n.d. Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1957. Coxe, A. Cleveland. “Introductory Note to the First Apology of Justin Martyr.” In The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, edited by A. Cleveland Coxe. Vol. 1 of The Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Repr., AGES Software: Albany, Ore., 1996, 1997. Fish, Bruce and Becky Durost. William Tyndale: Bible Translator and Martyr. Uhrich- sville, Ohio: Barbour Publishing, Inc., 2000. Foxe, John. Book of Martyrs. Repr. Albany, Ore.: Books for the Ages, 1996. Fullerton, W. Y. Charles H. Spurgeon: London’s Most Popular Preacher. Originally, C. H. Spurgeon: A Biography. London: Williams and Norgate, 1920; repr., Chi- cago: Moody Press, 1966. Johnstone, Patrick, and Jason Mandryk. Operation World: 21st Century Edition. Bul- strode, Gerrards Cross, UK: WEC International, n.d. Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A History of Christianity. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1953. Loane, Marcus L. Masters of the English Reformation. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1954. Lucas, Henry S. The Renaissance and the Reformation. 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960. Orr, J. Edwin. The Flaming Tongue. 2nd ed. Chicago: Moody Press, 1975. Schmid, Heinrich. The Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. 5th ed. Translated by Charles A. Hay and Henry E. Jacobs. Philadelphia: Lutheran Publication Society, 1876. Sheldon, Henry C. The Early Church. Vol. 1 of History of the Christian Church. N.p., 1895; repr., Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1988. Spanheim, Frederick. Ecclesiastical Annals. London: J. G. F. & J. Rivington, 1840. Vulliamy, C. E. John Wesley. Repr., Westwood, N. J.: Barbour and Company, Inc., 1985.

Works on Modern Society Denton, Michael. Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. Bethesda, Md.: Adler & Adler, 1986. Rummel, R. J. Death by Government. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1994.

Internet S0urces “Ancient Kush or ‘Ethiopia.’” Ta Neter Foundation. Web (taneter.org/ethiopia .html), 3/14/17. “Apocalypse of Peter.” New World Encyclopedia. Web (newworldencyclopedia.org/ entry/Apocalypse_of_Peter), 6/17/19. “Asia/ Israel (Jerusalem)/ Hadarom/ Wadi el Hesi.” Getamap.net. Web (getamap.net/ maps/israel/hadarom/_hesi_wadiel/), 3/21/17. “Asia/ Israel (Jerusalem)/ Israel (general)/ Nahal Besor.” Getamap.net. Web (getamap .net/maps/israel/israel_(general)/_besor_nahal/), 3/14/17. Bacher, Wilhelm, and Jacob Zallel Lauterbach. “Sanhedrin.” In Jewish Encyclopedia (orig. pub. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1906). Web (jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13178-sanhedrin), 8/11/16. Bennett, Chris. “Cleopatra Selene.” Wayback Machine. Web (tyndale.cam.ac.uk/ Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemies_selene_ii.htm), 4/16/19. “Calendar for Year 57 ( Calendar).” timeanddate.com. Web (timeanddate.com/

calendar/?year=57&country=23), 7/20/18. “Calendar for Year 58 ().” timeanddate.com. Web (timeanddate.com/ calendar/?year=58&country=23), 7/20/18. Camilleri, Stephen. “St Publius: The first Maltese saint.” Times of . Web (timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20070714/letters/st-publius-the-first- maltese-saint.11391), 2/15/19. “Castration.” Encyclopaedia Judaica (n.p.: The Gale Group, 2008), on Jewish Virtual Library. Web (jewishvirtuallibrary.org/castration-jewish-virtual-library), 11/ 15/18. “.” Maltese History and Heritage. Web (vassallohistory.wordpress .com/christianity-in-malta/), 2/15/19. Dalka, Mike. What Things Cost in Ancient Rome. N.p: 2002; repr., Burbank, Calif.: Ancient Coins for Education, 2018. Web (ancientcoinsforeducation.org/con- tent/view/79/98/), 5/30/18. “Eteocretan.” Mnamon: Ancient Writing Systems in the Mediterranean. Web (lila.sns .it/mnamon/index.php?page=Lingua&id=10&lang=en), 7/6/16. “Execution by beheading (decapitation).” Capital Punishment UK. Web (capitalpunish- mentuk.org/behead.html), 6/6/17. Franz, Gordon. “ ‘How Beautiful are the Feet’ on the Via Egnatia.” Associates for Bibli- cal Research. Web (biblearchaeology.org/post/2014/02/19/How-Beautiful- are-the-Feet-on-the-Via-Egnatia.aspx?gclid=CjwKCAiA78XTBRBiEiwAGv 7EKhPWa_WWKsrecHtpc7Te1Ho7h8kr_PN8sobDWtoLE3uyjWOFiL-xTxoCIP YQAvD_BwE#Article), 1/31/18. Gill, N. S. “The Size of the Roman Legions.” ThoughtCo. Web (thoughtco.com/the- size-of-the-roman-legions-120873), 5/12/17. Gloer, Hulitt. “Love Feast.” Holman Bible Dictionary. Web (www.studylight.org/dic- tionaries/hbd/l/love-feast.html), 7/3/18. Hillar, Marian. “Philo of (c. 20 B.C.E.—40 C.E.).” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web (iep.utm.edu/philo/), 4/11/18. Hirsch, Emil G., Wilhelm Nowack, Solomon Schechter, and M. Seligsohn, “Eunuch,” Jewish Encyclopedia (orig. pub. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1906), Web (jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/ 5904-eunuch), 11/15/18. “How did the Romans prove their ?” Romae Vitam. Web (romae- vitam.com/roman-citizenship.html), 8/8/18. “Intestinal parasites.” University of Maryland Medical Center. Web (umm.edu/health/ medical/altmed/condition/intestinal-parasites), 6/9/17. Introvigne, Massimo. “Christian Martyrs, One Every Five Minutes: A Reliable Esti- mate.” Cesnur: Centro Studi sulle Nuove Religioni. Web (cesnur.org/2011/mi- cri-en.html), 7/19/16. “Israel Travel Weather Averages.” Weatherbase. Web (weatherbase.com/weather/city .php3?c=IL), 3/21/17. Janse, Mark. “The Resurrection of Cappadocian (Asia Minor Greek).” AΩ International online magazine, issue 11 (January, 2009). Web (onassis.gr/enim_deltio/for- eign/11/lecture_...), 7/17/17. Johnson, Caleb. “Inside the Mayflower.” MayflowerHistory.com. Web (mayflowerhis- tory.com/cross-section/), 2/5/19. Lieberson, Alan D. “How long can a person survive without food?” Scientific American. Web (scientificamerican.com/article/how-long-can-a-person-sur/), 2/1/19. “Lydian.” Omniglot: the online encyclopedia of writing systems and languages. Web (omniglot.com/writing/lydian.php), 7/17/17. “Maltese.” American Kennel Club. Web (akc.org/dog-breeds/maltese/), 2/19/19. “Nahal Besor.” BiblePlaces.com. Web (bibleplaces.com/nahalbesor; also, asergeev .com/pictures/archives/compress/2001/183/35.htm), 3/14/17. Oxenham, Jason. “The 15 Most Spoken Languages of the World.” Rocket Languages: 2017 Edition. Web (rocketlanguages.com/blog/the-15-most-spoken-languages- in-the-world/), 5/2/17. “Paul the Apostle.” Note 1. Wikipedia, Web (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle), 6/17/19. Plaisted, David A. “Estimates of the Number Killed by the Papacy in the Middle Ages

and Later.” Web (noiseofthunder.com/storage/50%20million%20protestants %20killed.pdf), 2006. “Pope Pius I.” New World Encyclopedia. Web (newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Pope _Pius_I), 6/17/19. “Roads in Ancient Israel.” Bible History Online. Web (bible-history.com/maps/ ancient- roads-in-israel.html), 3/7/17. “Roman Carriages.” Romae Vitam. Web (romae-vitam.com/roman-carriages.html), 5/30/17. “Roman Roads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Web (ancient.eu/article/758/roman- roads/), 1/31/18. “Romans.” A History of Malta. Web (members.ziggo.nl/bezver/romans.html), 2/15/19. Schechter, Solomon, and Wilhelm Bacher. “ I.” In Jewish Encyclopedia (orig. pub. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1906). Web (jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6494-gamaliel-i), 8/4/16. Schürer, Emil. “Alexandria, Egypt—Ancient.” In Jewish Encyclopedia (orig. pub. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1906). Web (jewishencyclopedia.com/ articles/1171-alexandria-egypt-ancient), 4/11/18. Silver, Sandra Sweeny. “Ancient Jews and Cleanliness.” Early Church History. Web (earlychurchhistory.org/medicine/ancient-jews-cleanliness/), 7/25/18. Szalay, Jessie. “Copperhead Snakes: Facts, Bites & Babies.” Live Science. Web (livescience.com/43641-copperhead-snake.html), 2/10/19. Szczepanski, Kallie. “Invention of the Stirrup.” ThoughtCo. Web (thoughtco.com/ invention-of-the-stirrup-195161), 5/30/17. The Spurgeon Archive. Web (spurgeon.org), 5/8/17. “Themis.” Theoi Project. Web (theoi.com/Titan/TitanisThemis.html), 1/26/18. “Trichinosis.” Stanford University. Web (web.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites- 2001/trichinosis), 5/16/17. “500BC - Roman Postal System.” Bath Postal Museum. Web (bathpostalmuseum.co .uk/500bc-roman-postal-system.html), 5/30/17. “Worldwide Adherents of All Religions, Mid-2005.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Web (britannica.com/eb/article9432620/Worldwide-Adherents-of-All-Religions- Mid-2005), 2005.

W ikipedia “Ancient Roman units of measurement,” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_units _of_measurement), 6/18/18. “” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_Felix), 4/16/19. “Blood as Food” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_as_food), 11/14/17. “Colossus of Rhodes” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_of_ Rhodes), 7/11/18. “Cursus publicus” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursus_publicus), 5/30/17. “Decapitation” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapitation), 6/5/17. “Domus” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus), 3/30/18. “Ephesus” (en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephesus), 4/9/18. “Fasces” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasces), 1/23/18. “Gamaliel” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamaliel), 8/11/16. “Gamaliel II” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamaliel_II), 8/11/16. “Hillel and Shammai” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_and_Shammai), 8/11/16. “Imperial Roman Army” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Roman_ army), 5/12/17. “Laws regarding incest” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_regarding_incest), 8/14/17. “” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor), 1/23/18. “List of Roman consuls” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_consuls), 6/23/17. “Maggot” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggot), 6/8/17. “Maltese Dog” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_dog), 2/19/19. “Nubia” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia), 11/15/18. “Pallas (freedman)” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallas _(freedman)), 4/10/19. “Pamphylian Greek” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek), 7/19/17. “Papias of Hierapolis” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis), 7/12/18.

“Pozzuoli” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzuoli), 2/21/19. “Roman naming conventions” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions), 6/23/17. “Saint Publius” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Publius), 2/15/19. “Sanhedrin” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanhedrin), 8/11/16. “Santa Maria Capua Vetere” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_Capua_Vetere), 2/27/19. “Stirrup” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirrup), 5/30/17. “Trachoma” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachoma), 7/3/17. “Via Egnatia” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Egnatia), 1/31/18.

Encyclopaedias and Dictionaries Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. Edited by Avraham Negev. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Publishing House, 1972. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Edited by William Smith. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1859. Jewish Encyclopedia. Orig. pub., New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1906. Web (jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6494-gamaliel-i), 8/4/16. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster Incorporated, 1995. The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia. Edited by James Orr. N.p., 1929; repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1955. The New Century Classical Handbook. Edited by Catherine B. Avery. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1962. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. Edited by Samuel Macauley Jackson. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1909; repr., Baker Book House, 1951. Unger, Merrill F. Unger’s Bible Dictionary. 3rd ed. Chicago: Moody Press, 1966.

Lexical Aids Aland, Kurt, Matthew Black, Carlo M. Martini, Bruce M. Metzger, and Allen Wikgren, eds. The Greek New Testament. 3rd ed. N.p.: United Bible Societies, 1975. Andrews, E. A. A Copious and Critical -English Lexicon. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1851. An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon. Founded upon Liddell and Scott’s, Greek- English Lexicon, 7th ed. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1889. Arndt, William F., and F. Wilbur Gingrich, eds. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chi- cago Press, 1957. Berry, George Ricker. Interlinear Greek-English New Testament. N.p., 1897; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1981. Brenton, Lancelot C. L. The Septuagint with Apocrypha: Greek and English. London: Samuel Bagster & Sons, 1884; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Pub- lishing House, n.d. Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. The New Brown-Driver-Briggs He- brew and English Lexicon with an Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic. N.p., 1906; repr., Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1979. Davidson, Benjamin. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon. 2nd ed. London: Samuel Bagster & Sons, Ltd., 1850; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Publishing House, 1970. Green, Jay P., Sr. The Interlinear Bible: Hebrew/English. 3 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1983. Hodges, Zane C., and Arthur L. Farstad. The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text. 2nd ed. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1985. Marshall, Alfred. The Nestle Greek Text with a Literal English Translation. Republished as The Interlinear Greek-English New Testament. In The Zondervan Parallel

New Testament in Greek and English. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1975. Stevenson, Wm. B. Index Lexicons to the Old and New Testaments. In Robert Young’s Analytical Concordance to the Bible, 22nd American ed., revised by Wm. B. Stevenson. Repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1976. Strong, James. A Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament with Their Renderings in the Authorized English Version. In The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, by James Strong. Repr., McLean, Va.: MacDonald Publishing Co., n.d. ______. A Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Hebrew Bible with Their Renderings in the Authorized English Version. In The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, by James Strong. Repr., McLean, Va.: MacDonald Publishing Co., n.d. ______. The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. Repr., McLean, Va.: MacDonald Publishing Co., n.d. Thayer, Joseph Henry. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Corrected ed. N.p.: Harper & Bros., 1889; repr., New York: American Book Co., n.d. The Analytical Greek Lexicon. London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, Ltd., n.d.; repr., New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, n.d. Unger, Merrill F., and William White, Jr. Nelson’s Expository Dictionary of the Old Testament. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1980. In An Expository Dic- tionary of Biblical Words, by W. E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger, and William White, Jr. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1984. Vincent, Marvin. Word Studies in the New Testament. 4 vols. 2nd ed. N.p.: [c. 1888]; repr., McLean, Va.: MacDonald Publishing Co., n.d. Vine, W. E. An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words. In An Expository Dictionary of Biblical Words, by W. E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger, and William White, Jr. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1984. Wuest, Kenneth S. Wuest’s Word Studies from the Greek New Testament. 3 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1973. Young, Robert. Analytical Concordance to the Bible. 22nd American ed. Revised by Wm. B. Stevenson. Repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1976. ______. Young’s Literal Translation of the Holy Bible. Rev. ed. Edinburgh: n.p., 1898.; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Guardian Press, 1976.

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