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GENEALOGÍA DE LOS BORJA VALENCIANOS. DESDE GONZALO ÇAPATA DE BORJA (1315) a SAN FRANCISCO DE BORJA (1510-1572) José Vicente Gómez Bayarri Académico De La RACV

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GENEALOGÍA DE LOS BORJA VALENCIANOS. DESDE GONZALO ÇAPATA DE BORJA (1315) a SAN FRANCISCO DE BORJA (1510-1572) José Vicente Gómez Bayarri Académico De La RACV GENEALOGÍA DE LOS BORJA VALENCIANOS. DESDE GONZALO ÇAPATA DE BORJA (1315) A SAN FRANCISCO DE BORJA (1510-1572) José Vicente Gómez Bayarri Académico de la RACV Español RESUMEN: Con motivo de la conmemoración del V centenario del nacimiento de Francisco de Borja el Aula de Humanidades de la RACV celebró en Gandía un ciclo de conferencias. El contenido de este artículo recoge la genealogía del linaje de los Borja valencianos que ocupan un lugar preeminente dentro del Reino de Valencia y, especialmente, en la Historia de la Iglesia de los siglos XV y XVI. Esta dinastía valenciana dio a la Cristiandad dos papas -Calixto III y Alejandro VI-, un santo -San Francisco de Borja-, alrededor de una docena de cardenales y numerosos nombramientos políticos. PALABRAS CLAVES: Genealogía del linaje Borja valenciano English ABSTRACT: On the occasion of the commemoration of the fifth centennial of Saint Francis of Borgia´s birth, the Department of Humanities of the RACV (Royal Academy of the Valencian Culture) held a number of conferences in Gandía. The content of this article compiles the genealogy of the descent of the Valencian Borgia, who occupy an outstanding place within the Valencian Kingdom and, especially, within the History of Church between the 15th and 16th century. This Valencian dynasty gave to Christendom two popes – Calixto III and Alexander VI, a saint – Saint Francis of Borgia, about a dozen of cardinals and several political appointments. KEY WORDS: Genealogy of the descent of the Valencian Borgia. 1 Genealogía de los Borja valencianos. Desde Gonzalo Çapata (1315) a San Francisco de Borja (1510-1572) I INTRODUCCIÓN De todos los linajes valencianos el de los Borja ocupa un lugar preeminente dentro del Reino de Valencia por la influencia que ejercieron en la Historia de la Humanidad y especialmente en la Historia de la Iglesia en los siglos XV y XVI y por los juicios de valor sobre las controvertidas personalidades de algunos de los miembros de dicha familia. Esta dinastía valenciana dio a la Cristiandad dos papas- Calixto III y Alejandro VI-, un santo – San Francisco de Borja-, alrededor de una docena de cardenales y numerosos nombramientos políticos. Éste año celebramos el 500 Aniversario del nacimiento en 1510 del santo valenciano. Algunos personajes históricos han sido maltratados injustamente por la Historia a lo largo de los siglos. Un ejemplo es la familia de los Borja. Las modernas investigaciones y las opiniones de grandes amigos contemporáneos y admiradores de los papas Calixto III y Alejandro VI, - así como de Cesar y de Lucrecia Borja, - que fueron figuras eminentes del Renacimiento pueden servirnos para valorar con mayor rigor el papel que desempeñaron los Borja valencianos. Entre las personalidades que opinaron sobre la labor que desarrollaron mencionaremos a los humanistas Lorenzo Valla, Eneas Silvio y Maquiavelo, los pintores Pinturicchio y Leonardo da Vinci, los cardenales Bessarione y Farnese, - futuro Pablo III – o el mismo rey de Francia Luis XII. El Diplomatarium de los Borja, y otros estudios recientes, sin duda, pueden ayudarnos a conocer mejor los avatares religiosos, políticos, diplomáticos y culturales de este ilustrísimo linaje. Al trazar la genealogía de la familia de los Borja nos detendremos esencialmente en los tres miembros de la familia que han alcanzado mayor popularidad y notoriedad dentro de la historia de la Cristiandad: Alfonso de Borja -Calixto III- Rodrigo de Borja -Alejandro VI- y San Francisco de Borja. Dentro del mundo de la cultura, Alfonso de Borja fue considerado por Eneas Silvio como “un letrado excelentísimo”. De Rodrigo de Borja se destaca la grande labor de grande mecenas del Renacimiento italiano y sus devaneos amorosos, y de Francisco de Borja su santidad y su tarea de expansión de la Compañía de Jesús. II LA GENEALOGÍA DE LOS BORJA DESDE GONZALO ÇAPATA DE BORJA (1315) A SAN FRANCISCO DE BORJA (1510-1572) Iniciaremos la genealogía del linaje Borja con Gonzalo Çapata de Borja que nació en 1315. Éste tuvo dos hijos Gonzalo Gil de Borja y Gil Beltrán de Borja. De Gonzalo Gil de Borja sabemos que era “jurat” en 1340 y fue armado caballero en 1346. Su hijo fue Rodrigo Gil de Borja y casó con Francisca Fenollet. De esta unión nació Rodrigo 2 José Vicente Gómez Bayarri Gil de Borja y Fenollet que contrajo matrimonio con Sibila Escrivá y Proxita y tuvieron como descendientes cinco hijos: - Juana de Borja y Escrivá que matrimoniaría con Bertomeu Serra. - Rodrigo de Borja y Escrivá que fue obispo de la Seu de Urgel y de Barcelona. - Galcerá de Borja y Escrivá que casó con Isabel de Moncada. - Juan Gil de Borja y Escrivá que contrajo matrimonio con Francina de Tous. - Y Jofre o Godofredo de Borja y Escrivá que se enlazó con Isabel de Borja, que era hermana de Calixto III. El otro hijo de Gonzalo Çapata de Borja, Gil Beltrán de Borja, tuvo como descendiente a Domingo de Borja que casó en primeras nupcias con Catalina y en segundas con Francina. De esta unión nacerían cinco hijos: - Isabel de Borja (1400-1468) que, como hemos dicho, casó con Jofre de Borja. Hija de Domingo de Borja -señor de Canals- y de Francina, siendo por tanto señora de la Torre de Canals. Fue hermana de Calixto III. Tuvo cinco hijos - Alfonso de Borja, futuro papa Calixto III (1378-1458). Del que apuntemos posteriormente algunos rasgos o datos sobre su biografía. - Juana de Borja (1400-1464) que enlazaría matrimonio con Mateu Martí. Murió el 10 de abril en el palacio de su sobrino Rodrigo de Borja – futuro Alejandro VI-. De este matrimonio nacerían dos hijos: Guillem Ramón de Borja y Juan de Borja el Mayor - Francisca de Borja (1380-1448). Hermana de Calixto III. Recibió de su madre un censo sobre la ciudad de Xátiva. Murió soltera. -Y Catalina de Borja (1400-1468). Casó con Joan del Milá, II marqués de Massalavés. De esta unión nacieron tres hijos: Luis Juan de Milá, nombrado obispo de Segorbe y de Lérida y cardenal en Roma. Damiata de Milá que consolidó la casa del marquesado de Albaida. Y Pedro de Milá, famoso caballero en el reinado de Alfonso el Magnánimo y miembro de su corte. Murió en 1455. Del matrimonio de Jofre de Borja con Isabel de Borja nacerían cinco hijos: - Beatriz de Borja. Se casó con Eximén Pérez de Arenós - Juana Borja. Contrajo matrimonio con Pedro G. Llançol de Romaní -Rodrigo de Borja (1431-1503). Futuro papa Alejandro VI. Su pontificado se extendió entre 1492-1503. 3 Genealogía de los Borja valencianos. Desde Gonzalo Çapata (1315) a San Francisco de Borja (1510-1572) -Pedro Luis de Borja (1429-1458). Sobrino favorito de Calixto III. Lo nombró duque de Spoleto, vicario pontificio de Benevento, marqués de Civitavecchia, entre muchos otros cargos. Con 25 años, como capitán de los ejércitos pontificios, se enfrentó a los Colonna y los Orsini. Al morir su tío, Calixto III, tuvo que huir de Roma al ser muy odiado por los nobles romanos. Murió a los 28 años en la fortaleza de Rocca de Asís al ser sitiada ésta. Temiendo que se extinguiera el linaje su tío otorgó herencia a su nieto Jofre. -Y Tecla de Borja (1390-1464). Hermana de Rodrigo de Borja. Fue aficionada a la poesía. Se conserva de ella una “resposta” a unos poemas que le dedicó Ausias March. Según afirmó el padre Batllori llegó a ser la persona más culta de la familia. Contrajo matrimonio con Vidal de Vilanova, señor de Anna, Atzaneta de Albaida y Pego. Rodrigo de Borja (1431-1503) futuro Alejandro VI tuvo los siguientes hijos: De madre no identificada nacieron tres hijos: - Jerónima o Girolama (hacia 1460-1483). Nació cuando Rodrigo de Borja era todavía cardenal, sin haber recibido el orden sacerdotal. Se casó con Ginandrea Cesarini, muriendo poco después. - Pedro Luis de Borja (1468-1488). Estaba en Castilla cuando el papa Inocencio III otorgó a su padre el arzobispado de Sevilla que había quedado vacante tras la muerte de Iñigo Manrique. A este nombramiento se opusieron las Reyes Católicos y Pedro Luis fue apresado por defender a su padre. Esta aposición de los monarcas españoles llevó al Pontífice a rectificar y designar a don Hurtado de Mendoza. El rey Fernando liberó a Pedro Luis y pudo incorporarse a la conquista del reino nazarí de Granada. La documentación recoge que en 1485 Pedro Luis compró Gandía al monarca Fernando y obtuvo el título de Duque de Gandía -fue el primer Duque de Gandía-. Se casó con una prima hermana. En el año 1487 adquirió por mediación del canónigo Ausias Rotglá la casa de la calle de los Moncada en la ciudad de Xátiva, aunque tuvo residencia en Civitavecchia -Roma- donde residía. Al morir dejó en testamento el ducado de Gandía en su hermano Juan que fue el II Duque de Gandía. - Isabel. Nació probablemente en 1470. Se sabe de ella que contrajo matrimonio con el barón Pier Giovanni Matuzzi. De su relación con Vanozza Catanei nacieron cuatro hijos: - Cesar Borja (1475-1507). Nació en Roma. Fue legitimado por el papa Sixto IV y por el monarca Fernando el Católico. A los seis años se le concedieron las rentas de la Catedral de Valencia. Posteriormente fue tesorero de la diócesis de Cartagena, además de canónigo de Valencia y obispo a los 17 años, fue abad del Monasterio de la Valldigna como había sido su padre el Papa Alejandro VI. Sus primeros tutores-preceptores en Roma fueron Paolo Pompilio y el alcireño Juan de Vera. Estudió en Perusa y en la Universidad de Pisa. Obtuvo numerosos cargos nobiliarios como el de capitán General y Gobernador del patrimonio de San Pedro. Tuvo gran ambición por ampliar sus posesiones territoriales y fue un modelo para el humanista Maquiavelo.
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