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El-Rocio-De-Abel-Chapman-Y-Walter See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312328221 El Rocío de Abel Chapman y Walter J. Buck Article · January 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 393 2 authors: Juan Carlos González-Faraco Michael D. Murphy Universidad de Huelva University of Alabama 89 PUBLICATIONS 173 CITATIONS 53 PUBLICATIONS 139 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Lectura y Educación Literaria: Antonio Machado Juan Ramón Jiménez y Federico García Lorca en la cultura escolar española. Un estudio histórico y pedagógico View project Foreign Observers of the Pilgrimage to El Rocío, 1858-1958 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Michael D. Murphy on 14 January 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. el rocÍo de abel chapman y walter j. buck J. Carlos Gonz)lez Faraco Catedrático, Departamento de Educación de la Universidad de Huelva. Adjunct Professor, Departamento de Antropología de la Universidad de Alabama Michael D. Murphy Professor Emeritus, Departamento de Antropología de la Universidad de Alabama Resumen Abstract Este artículo estudia la descrip- T is article considers a ción de la Romería del Rocío de 1910, description of the Romería del Rocío publicada por Abel Chapman y Wal- of 1910 published by Abel Chapman ter J. Buck como capítulo de su obra and Walter J. Buck as a chapter in clásica sobre la vida salvaje en España, their classic book on the wildlife La España inexplorada. A diferencia of Spain, Unexplored Spain. Unlike de anteriores textos sobre El Rocío previous accounts of El Rocío by escritos por extranjeros, Chapman y foreigners, Chapman and Buck Buck gozaron de décadas de experien- enjoyed decades of experience in cia en Doñana, las marismas, El Ro- Doñana, the marshes, El Rocío and cío y comunidades cercanas con una nearby communities that have long larga historia de participación en la established histories of participation peregrinación. Sin embargo, su relato in the pilgrimage. Nonetheless, their está salpicado de errores, extrañas in- account is peppered with errors, odd terpretaciones y lagunas descriptivas. interpretations and descriptive gaps. Después de analizar brevemente las Af er brief y discussing the intersecting vidas cruzadas de Chapman y Buck, biographies of Chapman and Buck, particularmente en lo que se ref ere a particularly in relation to their keen su entusiasta y perdurable interés en and long lasting interest in the wildlife Doñana y las marismas, analizamos of Doñana and the marshes, we analyze su texto sobre El Rocío, centrando la their text about El Rocío, focusing atención en sus aspectos más proble- on the most problematic aspects of máticos. Finalmente, consideramos their account. Finally, we consider por qué su descripción es, en el senti- why their description is unexpectedly do en que lo es, tan inesperadamente disappointing in the way that it is. decepcionante. Keywords: Abel Chapman, Walter Palabras clave: Abel Chapman, J. Buck, Romería del Rocío, Walter J. Buck, Romería del Ro- Doñana National Park, Marshes cío, Coto de Doñana, Marismas of the Guadalquivir River, Travel del Guadalquivir, Libros de viaje, Literature, Hunting. Caza. exvoto ! Año VI ! Número 5 ! ISSN 2253-7120 119 Juan Carlos Gonz)lez Faraco es catedrático del Departamento de Educación de la Universidad de Huelva, y profesor adjunto del Departamento de Antropología de la Universidad de Alabama (Estados Unidos de América). Ha sido, además, profesor visi- tante de diversas universidades hispanoamericanas, europeas y españolas. Sus proyectos y publicaciones se mueven entre la investigación pedagógica y antropológica, desde una perspectiva predominantemente cultural. Sus principales ámbitos de interés científ co son la antropología de la educación, la etnografía, la educación intercultural y la exclusión social. Desde hace tres décadas, colabora con el Dr. Michael D. Murphy, de la Universidad de Alabama, en proyectos etnográf cos relacionados con las tradiciones y los procesos de transmisión y cambio cultural en el área de El Rocío y Doñana. Juntos han publicado más de una treintena de trabajos. Michael D. Murphy es catedrático emérito del Departamento de Antropología de la Universidad de Alabama (Estados Unidos de América), del que fue director entre 2003 y 2013. El Dr. Murphy es un antropólogo cultural interesado en la antropología de la religión, la etnografía de los pueblos hispánicos, la onomástica antropológica y la antropología de los espacios protegidos. Ha realizado estudios etnográf cos en Jamaica, California y en la península mexicana de Yucatán, pero su principal foco de interés como investigador lo constituye el sur de España. Desde 1984 se ha dedicado preferentemente al estudio del marianismo andaluz, centrando su investigación de campo en la Romería del Rocío. Gran parte de este trabajo lo ha realizado en colaboración con el profesor J. Carlos González Faraco, de la Universidad de Huelva. 120 exvoto ! Año VI ! Número 5 ! ISSN 2253-7120 J. C. Gonz)lez Faraco y M. D. Murphy El Rocío de Abel Chapman y Walter J. Buck, pp. 119-150 Este artículo está dedicado in memoriam a don Antonio López Ontiveros, gran profesor e investigador de la Universidad de Córdoba y eminente intelectual. INTRODUCCIÓN l relato de la Romería del Rocío que estudiamos a continuación fue escrito por los ingleses Abel Chapman y Walter John Buck, quienes lo publicaron en 1910 como un capítulo1 de su segundo2 libro sobre la caza y la vida salvaje en España, titulado Unexplored Spain (La España inexplorada)3. Su descripción de la Romería es destacable por varios moti- vos. Para empezar, es la primera descripción del Rocío de cierta enjundia escrita en inglés. Sus autores son también los primeros extranjeros que escribieron sobre El Rocío habiendo vivido más de una única y ocasional experiencia en la aldea y sus alrededores, como fue el caso de todos sus predecesores. De hecho, en 1910 ambos llevaban décadas de estrecha relación con el Coto de Doñana y con la Aldea localizada en su límite 1 Este capítulo se titula «Our Lady of the Dew: T e Pilgrimage to the Shrine of Nues- tra Señora del Rocio» (Nuestra Señora del Rocío: La peregrinación al Santuario de Nuestra Señora del Rocío). 2 El primero fue Wild Spain (1893), traducido al español por primera vez en 1964 por iniciativa de la Sociedad de Biblióf los Venatorios, con el título La España agreste (Madrid, Talleres Prensa Española). Volvió a publicarse en español en 1982 con el título La España agreste. La caza (Madrid, Ediciones Giner), como primera obra de la Biblioteca Cinegética Giner. Esta edición, que consta de dos mil ejemplares numera- dos, es la que hemos consultado para nuestro estudio, además de la edición original en inglés. 3 Para este artículo hemos utilizado simultáneamente la edición original (Unexplored Spain, London, Edward Arnold, 1910) y la primera y única, por ahora, versión en es- pañol: La España inexplorada. Con 209 ilustraciones de Joseph Crawhall, E. Caldwell y Abel Chapman y fotografías. Sevilla, Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Obras Pú- blicas y Transportes) y Patronato del Parque Nacional de Doñana, 1989. Dirección, introducción y notas de Antonio López Ontiveros. Traducción de Mª Jesús Sánchez Raya y Aurora López Sánchez-Vizcaíno. exvoto ! Año VI ! Número 5 ! ISSN 2253-7120 121 El Rocío de Abel Chapman y Walter J. Buck, pp. 119-150 J. C. Gonz)lez Faraco y M. D. Murphy norte4. Sin embargo, este es el primero, aunque no será el último, de los rela- tos escritos por autores extranjeros sobre El Rocío, cuyo interés primordial no era propiamente la Romería, sino la f ora y sobre todo la fauna5 del fabu- loso territorio en el que aquella se desarrollaba: Doñana y las marismas del Guadalquivir6. De hecho, este capítulo resulta marginal respecto a la idea central del libro. Chapman, en solitario o en coautoría con Buck, consagra de vez en cuando algún capítulo o partes signif cativas de varios capítulos de sus obras a cuestiones culturales y sociales, pero, en general, contándolas de manera anecdótica y con frecuente presencia de clichés y estereotipos, a di- ferencia del conocimiento bien fundamentado que exhiben en los capítulos dedicados a los temas que más les importaban: las especies cinegéticas, las aves acuáticas y las técnicas de caza7. Chapman y Buck no sólo fueron grandes conocedores del paisaje de la peregrinación al Rocío, sino que, con el paso del tiempo, llegarían a tener muchas relaciones comerciales, de amistad e incluso familiares con un nu- trido grupo de personas en Jerez, que fue su ciudad de adopción y referen- cia en España, y también en Sanlúcar de Barrameda, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Sevilla y otras ciudades y pueblos con aquilatada tradición rociera. Sin embargo, a pesar de ello, a pesar de décadas de intensa familia- ridad con los lugares y con muchas personas estrechamente vinculadas al mundo rociero en el periodo de entre siglos, su relato de la Romería de 1910 está salpicado de errores, de interpretaciones incorrectas y de lagunas des- criptivas increíbles, como más adelante pondremos en evidencia. Primero, 4 Cuentan, por ejemplo, que en una de sus jornadas de cacería se les hizo tarde, y estando cerca del Rocío, decidieron pernoctar, aunque no durmieron a causa de los mosqui- tos, en la Venta que allí había. De ella dicen, entre otras cosas, que pocas veces habían visto «un lugar más pobre» (Chapman y Buck 1982: 95). Su retrato no dista mucho del que Cervantes hizo, tres siglos antes, de aquella otra venta manchega, igualmente pobre, mugrienta e inhóspita, en la que se hospedó don Quijote para armarse caballero. 5 López Ontiveros (2001: 28-29) incluye a Chapman en la nómina de viajeros naturalistas del siglo xix que recorrieron España y particularmente Andalucía para observar y estudiar sus riquezas naturales.
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