DOCSLIB.ORG

Privileged Nature: Ornithologists, Hunters, Sportsmen and the Dawn of Environmental Conservation in Spain, 1850 to 1935

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Privileged Nature: Ornithologists, Hunters, Sportsmen and the Dawn of Environmental Conservation in Spain, 1850 to 1935 Privileged Nature: Ornithologists, Hunters, Sportsmen and the Dawn of Environmental Conservation in Spain, 1850 to 1935 Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Hanley, Patrick Michael Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 09:02:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621576 PRIVILEGED NATURE: ORNITHOLOGISTS, HUNTERS, SPORTSMEN AND THE DAWN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN SPAIN, 1850 TO 1935 by Patrick Hanley ________________________________ Copyright © Patrick Hanley 2016 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2016 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Patrick Hanley, titled “Privileged Nature: Ornithologists, Hunters, Sportsmen and the Dawn of Environmental Conservation in Spain, 1850 to 1918,” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13th, 2016 David Ortiz, Jr. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13th, 2016 Susan Crane _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13th, 2016 Laura Tabili _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13th, 2016 Doug Weiner _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13th, 2016 Paul Milliman Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: April 13th, 2016 Dissertation Director: Robert Ortiz, Jr. 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Patrick Hanley 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor David Ortiz Jr. and the members of my dissertation committee, Laura Tabili, Susan Crane, Doug Weiner, and Paul Milliman for their support and suggestions without which this work would have been incomplete. I would like to acknowledge the staff of the Biblioteca Nacional de España, especially Roberto, Sonya, and Juan Carlos for making the research process a less difficult one. I felt welcome due to their patience and kindheartedness. I owe many thanks to Sandra Rodríguez Bermejo of the Congreso de los Diputados Departamento de Archivo who saved me a long journey when she sent me electronic copies of the original hunting laws. I want to recognize my grandfather, Robert Hicks, who traveled to Madrid with me and made a solitary endeavor less lonely. I owe an enormous debt to Cory Dale Davis, who took time out his most busy life to proofread early versions of this work and to entertain the intellectual ramblings of the author. Lastly, I would like to thank the people of Spain for their hospitality. 4 DEDICATION Writing is never as solitary an endeavor as it may seem. This work is dedicated to my wife, Veronica Hanley. Over the decade we have been together, she has been my rock, my ballast, and my soulmate. I cannot overstate the efforts she put into me so that I could have completed this project. She sacrificed nights alone, hours of sleep, weekends, and weeks of companionship during my years as a graduate student. She repeatedly put my wellbeing over hers. Over the course of my weightless regiment, she cooked meals and changed her own lifestyle so that I never felt alone or unsupported. As I traveled to Spain, she took care of home entirely on her own while giving up her time to send me video messages of love and caring and called me at the beginning and end of my days there. Over the years she prepared meals, did laundry, tended to my two quadrupedal children, paid bills, worked overtime, attended to the maintenance of everyday life, and drove hundreds of miles when we went out of town all to make certain that I completed this project within four years. All that while, she labored as a Masters student and a full- time manager. Her encouragement and love have pushed me to heights that I could have never achieved alone. More important, though, is her unending patience and her unconditional love. My studies have taught me how to be a historian. She has taught me how to be a better person. Through her strength and character, she has been my role model, teaching me never to quit and how to make right decisions. For all this and more I want to say, babe, I 5 love you with all my heart. May we have a lifetime of joys and journeys together as this chapter of our lives has come to a close and we aspire something more. This work is also dedicated to the loving memory of my grandmother, Judith Hicks. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………....................11 Chapter One “I Did Not Know to Give Them a Name” The New World, The Habsburg Naturalists, and Proto-empiricism 1492-1700………………22 Chapter Two A Swede, a Frenchmen, and the Bourbon Royal Botanical Expeditions Cabinets of Curiosity, Taxonomy, and Spain’s Embrace of Empiricism 1701-1808…………53 Chapter Three Spanish Birds Spanish Ornithology, Bird Enthusiasts, and the Battle to Save Insectivores 1850-1879…80 Chapter Four Greyhounds and Shotguns Noble Hunters, Masculinity, and Species Protection 1772-1879…...............................................104 Chapter Five The Toothless Laws Hunting Laws, Species Conservation, and Bird Protection Treaties 1879-1903……………..127 Chapter Six The Reconquista of Nature Pedro José Pidal and the Establishment of Spain’s First National Park 1903-1918…..........149 7 Conclusion….......................................................................................................................................................183 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….193 8 ILLUSTRATIONS Photograph of Alfonso XIII hunting a wild boar on horseback………………………………122 9 ABSTRACT This dissertation argues the foundation of Spain’s first national park, the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga, was the culmination of a four-century-long historical development in which Spaniards redefined the manner in which they conceived of and interacted with nature. The establishment of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga resulted from two different historical processes, the formation of empirical science in Spain and the pursuit of noble hunting, which converged in the late nineteenth- century in the form of species protection and the environmental conscience it reflected. This environmental conscience permeated discourses on Spanish reinvigoration including those of nobleman, sportsman, and politician Pedro José Pidal y Bernaldo de Quirós whose own articulation of this environmental consciousness materialized in the form of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga which legislatively meshed species and landscape protection for the first time in Spain in 1916. 10 Introduction On February 22, 2016, Senator Rosa Dominguez de Posada of the regional Foro Asturias party submitted a motion to the Spanish Senate. The proposal called on Spaniards to celebrate the centennial anniversary of their first national park, now named the Parque Nacional de los Picos de Europa. Dominguez de Posada invoked the words of Pedro José Pidal, who in the very same Senate chamber argued for the establishment of the park nearly a century ago. He pointed out to his fellow senators, “Are there not sanctuaries for art? Must there not be sanctuaries for Nature?”1 She invoked, as Pidal had done a century earlier, the Picos de Europa’s special place in Spanish history. Not only had it been a residence where the Celts lived two centuries before Christ, it also marked the place where in 711CE King Pelayo routed an Arab army and initiated the Reconquista. The park was founded on the 1200th anniversary of the Battle of Covadonga, she mused, and in the year 2018 the Senate should not only commemorate that victory but also the coronation of Christ’s mother as the Virgin of Covadonga and the establishment of Spain’s first national park.2 The foundation of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga, as the Parque Nacional de los Picos de Europa was
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
    Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Carta Esferica de las Costas del Reyno de Chile Comprendidas Entre Los Parlelos de 38 y 22° de Latitud Sur Levantada de Orden Del Rey en el año de 1790 . Presentada a S.M. POr Mano del Exmo. Señor D. Juan de Langara Secretario de Estado y del Despache Universla de Marina Año de 1799. Stock#: 42399sh Map Maker: Direccion Hidrografica de Madrid Date: 1799 Place: Madrid Color: Uncolored Condition: VG+ Size: 34 x 22.5 inches Price: SOLD Description: First edition of this rare separately issued Spanish Sea Chart of the Coast of Chile. The chart covers the majority of the Chilean coastline from just north of Cobija to south of Concepcion. Place names are confined to the coast, with only the city of Santiago appearing inland. The chart incluces three coastal views. The routes of the twin corvettes of the Spanish Navy, Descubierta Drawer Ref: Oversized 2 Stock#: 42399sh Page 1 of 2 Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Carta Esferica de las Costas del Reyno de Chile Comprendidas Entre Los Parlelos de 38 y 22° de Latitud Sur Levantada de Orden Del Rey en el año de 1790 . Presentada a S.M. POr Mano del Exmo. Señor D. Juan de Langara Secretario de Estado y del Despache Universla de Marina Año de 1799. and Atrevida, are depicted, along with miniature pointing hands to identify the direction of their voyage.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexandro Malaspina to Ramón Ximénez (*) Cadiz, July 17 1789
    Alexandro Malaspina to Ramón Ximénez (*) Cadiz, July 17 1789 Rereading your much appreciated [letters], in which now the candid address, now the soundness of thought and principle, and now the delicacy proper to a person of education seem to compete for prominence, delights me more than it does young Fabio, who, at this point unheeding of my requests, my commands, and the promptings even of his own spirit and conscience, confounds together the great advantages of a fine education with an unutterable love for idleness and superficiality (1). I leave it to him, should he read this letter – which before I seal it I will put in his hands – to justify himself with his mentor, his friend, his second father, in respect of the conduct he has demonstrated up to now. Perhaps he will then pay attention to the advice he has received and the need to put it into practice with due commitment, perhaps to the information he has been and will be given about our expedition, perhaps to the importance of taking advantage of the eight months that have passed since his academic studies ended, and perhaps even to the idea that, if he is judged worthy among the excellent officers among whom he has the good fortune to serve, they will vouch for him in the face of my well-intended accusations in the presence of a judge their respect for whom must surely prevent both accuser and accused from making any false or equivocal representation. I make no complaint about his moral conduct, though in truth his idleness, the foundation of all the vices, is its direct polar opposite; on another point, he constantly avoids my company, which is sought by many other youths absolutely undeserving of general approval; yet although he doesn’t attend the sacraments very often, and although his love for others is liable to evaporate at any moment, there are still good principles rooted in his heart.
    [Show full text]
  • History, Status and Distribution of Andalusian Buttonquail in the WP
    History, status and distribution of Andalusian Buttonquail in the WP Carlos Gutiérrez Expósito, José Luis Copete, Pierre-André Crochet, Abdeljebbar Qninba & Héctor Garrido uttonquails (or hemipodes) Turnix are small own order, Turniciformes (Sibley & Ahlquist 1990, Bground-birds, characterized by their secretive Livezey & Zusi 2007). However, recent genetic habits. They show certain similarities to true quails studies have in fact revealed that Turnicidae are a (Coturnix), although they are not phylogenetically lineage in the order Charadriiformes, having related. Traditionally, buttonquails have been closest affinities with the suborder Lari (including placed in their own family, Turnicidae (comprising Laridae, Alcidae and Glareolidae) (cf Paton et al Turnix with 15 species and Ortyxelos with one, 2003, Paton & Baker 2006, Baker at al 2007, Fain Quail-plover O meiffrenii), associated with fami- & Houde 2007, Hackett et al 2008). Sexual roles lies like cranes Gruidae and rails Rallidae in the are reversed in buttonquails, with females being order Gruiformes (cf Dementiev & Gladkov 1969, larger and more brightly coloured than males. Cramp & Simmons 1980, Urban et al 1986, Females sing and take the lead in territorial behav- Johnsgard 1991, del Hoyo et al 1996, Madge & iour and courtship; some females are polyandrous McGowan 2002). Although some of the latest (Madge & McGowan 2002). morphological studies support this idea, ie, link- Common Buttonquails T sylvaticus live in vege- ing them closely with the Rallidae (Rotthowe & tation with dense cover and are reluctant to fly. As Starck 1998), other authors place them in their a rule, the species can be found when females 92 Andalusian Buttonquail / Andalusische Vechtkwartel Turnix sylvaticus sylvaticus, south of Sidi Abed, El Jadida, Morocco, 16 September 2007 (Benoît Maire).
    [Show full text]
  • Life of Frederick Courtenay Selous, D.S.O. Capt
    LIFE OF FREDERICK COURTENAY SELOUS, D.S.O. CAPT. 25TH ROYAL FUSILIERS Chapter XI - XV BY J. G. MILLAIS, F.Z.S. CHAPTER XI 1906-1907 In April, 1906, Selous went all the way to Bosnia just to take the nest and eggs of the Nutcracker, and those who are not naturalists can scarcely understand such excessive enthusiasm. This little piece of wandering, however, seemed only an incentive to further restlessness, which he himself admits, and he was off again on July 12th to Western America for another hunt in the forests, this time on the South Fork of the MacMillan river. On August 5th he started from Whitehorse on the Yukon on his long canoe-journey down the river, for he wished to save the expense of taking the steamer to the mouth of the Pelly. He was accompanied by Charles Coghlan, who had been with him the previous year, and Roderick Thomas, a hard-bitten old traveller of the North- West. Selous found no difficulty in shooting the rapids on the Yukon, and had a pleasant trip in fine weather to Fort Selkirk, where he entered the Pelly on August 9th. Here he was lucky enough to kill a cow moose, and thus had an abundance of meat to take him on the long up-stream journey to the MacMillan mountains, which could only be effected by poling and towing. On August 18th he killed a lynx. At last, on August 28th, he reached a point on the South Fork of the MacMillan, where it became necessary to leave the canoe and pack provisions and outfit up to timber-line.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Wildlife Conservation and the Origins of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire (1903–1914)
    Oryx Vol 37 No 2 April 2003 Colonial wildlife conservation and the origins of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire (1903–1914) David K. Prendergast and William M. Adams Abstract Fauna & Flora International (FFI) celebrates The SPWFE drew together an elite group of colonial its centenary in 2003. It was founded as the Society administrators, hunters and other experts on game in for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire Africa, and was eCective in lobbying the Colonial OBce (SPWFE) in London in 1903. This paper analyses the about preservation. Many of its concerns, and ideas events, people, and debates behind its formation and about how to address them, are similar to those that are early development. It discusses why the Society was current today, a century after its establishment. formed, how it worked, and what its main concerns were. It considers the nature and success of the Society’s Keywords Colonial conservation, colonial policy, con- work from 1903 to 1914 in influencing the British servation history, Fauna & Flora International, game Colonial OBce’s policy on issues such as game reserves, reserves, hunting, preservation. hunting and wildlife clearance for tsetse control in Africa. became linked to beliefs about links between climate Introduction change and drought, and led to the establishment of Fauna & Flora International (FFI) celebrates its centenary measures for forest protection (Grove, 1992, 1995, 1997, in 2003, claiming to be the world’s oldest international 1998). Imperial forestry, including ideas of rational conservation organization. It was founded as the Society resource use, was well established in India by the mid- for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire nineteenth century (Barton, 2002), as well as in the South (SPWFE, hereafter the Society) in 1903.
    [Show full text]
  • Uvic Thesis Template
    ‗That Immense and Dangerous Sea‘: Spanish Imperial Policy and Power During the Exploration of the Salish Sea, 1790-1791. by Devon Drury BA, University of Victoria, 2007 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History Devon Drury, 2010 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee ‗That Immense and Dangerous Sea‘: Spanish Imperial Policy and Power During the Exploration of the Salish Sea, 1790-1791. by Devon Drury BA, University of Victoria, 2007 Supervisory Committee Dr. John Lutz, Department of History Supervisor Dr. Eric W. Sager, Department of History Departmental Member Dr. Patrick A. Dunae, Department of History Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. John Lutz, Department of History Supervisor Dr. Eric W. Sager, Department of History Departmental Member Dr. Patrick A. Dunae, Department of History Departmental Member In the years between 1789 and 1792 the shores of what is now British Columbia were opened to European scrutiny by a series of mostly Spanish expeditions. As the coastline was charted and explored by agents of European empires, the Pacific Northwest captured the attention of Europe. In order to carry out these explorations the Spanish relied on what turned out to be an experiment in ‗gentle‘ imperialism that depended on the support of the indigenous ―colonized‖. This thesis examines how the Spanish envisioned their imperial space on the Northwest Coast and particularly how that space was shaped through the exploration of the Salish Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship
    A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship International Journal of Naval History April 2009 ISSN 1932-6556 Volume 8 Number 1 An Australian Perspective on the English Invasions of the Rio de la Plata in 1806 and 1807 Robert J. King On 13 September 1806 Prime Minister William Grenville and his ministers in London received a dispatch from Brigadier-General William Carr Beresford in Buenos Aires informing them of the capture of that city on the preceding 27 June by the small detachment of 1,635 troops under his command, which had been transported to the Rio de la Plata from Cape Town by a squadron of six warships and five transports commanded by Commodore Sir Home Popham.1 The expedition had been carried out entirely on the initiative of Popham. He had commanded the fleet which had transported the forces under General David Baird that had captured Cape Town from the Dutch some months before, and he had persuaded Baird to provide the detachment under General Beresford for the expedition to the Rio de la Plata. The unexpected and unlooked for success of this expedition provoked a spasm of activity from the Government in London to take advantage of the situation. A force of a little more than 4,000 troops under the command of Sir Samuel Auchmuty sailed from England directly for the Rio de la Plata on 9 October. In addition, in the belief that the moment had come for decisive blows to be struck against the Spanish Empire, plans were drawn up for wide-ranging expeditions against Chile, Mexico and the Philippines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legislature, -~:2!?#-:7
    MAINE STATE LEGISLATURE The following document is provided by the LAW AND LEGISLATIVE DIGITAL LIBRARY at the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library http://legislature.maine.gov/lawlib Reproduced from scanned originals with text recognition applied (searchable text may contain some errors and/or omissions) DOCUMENTS PRl~TED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATURE, -~:2!?#-:7. STATE OF MAINEi DURING ITS SESSIOl.'I' A.. D. 1841. ~UJJUlta: SEVERANCE AND DORR, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. I 8 4 1. .AN ACCOUNT OF TIJE TllEASURY OF THE STATE OF Mi\lNE, J ANV AB. Y l, 1841 . .!l.UGUST.!l.: Wl\I. R. SMITH & CO., PRINTERS. 1841. STATE OF MAINE. TRF.ASURY OFFICE, ~ AuausTA, January I, 1841. 5 The undersigned, respectful1y submits to the Legislature an account of the State of the Treasury on the morning of ·the first instant, and a statement of the receipts and expenditures for the year 1840, with schedules thereto marked A to 0. D. WILLIAMS, Treasurer. To the Hon. Senate, and House of Representatives. ACCOUNT OF THE TREASURY . • BALANCE of cash in the Treasury, available for the ordinary purposes of government, 82,736 15 Bank Tax for the year 1841, estimated at 40,000 Duty on Commissions, ;2,500 Balance of State Tax for 1840, 97,718 13 Notes and Bills receivable, of this amount will probably be collected, 5,000 Notes, Bonds and demands in the hands of the Land Agent, nominally $364,435 18, of this amount may be realized, 200,000 Claim upon the United States for the de-i fence of the North Eastern Boundary, 350,000 and also for 1-3 of Massachuetts claim, Bank Stock - Augusta Bank 100 shares, Mercantile Bank GO do.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History Society of Northumbria: Hancock Museum
    GB 0843 NEWHM:1998.H129-139 Natural History Society of Northumbria: Hancock Museum This catalogue was digitised by The National Archives as part of the National Register of Archives digitisation project NRA 41596 The National Archives NEWHM:1998.H129 Chapman, Abel Fauna Houxtienses. 1898-1923. Typescript systematic notes on the natural history of Houxty, Chapman's estate in Wark, Northumberland. Contains information on birds, mammals, fish, reptiles and insects, with dates and location. Loose leaved, foolscap, foliated. NEWHM:1998.H130 Chapman, Abel Diaries and Notebooks. 1869-1901. MS diaries, in pencil, of hunting and fishing expeditions to Northern Europe, Norway, Spain, Portugal, North Africa, North America and the Arctic. Containing notes on the local natural history, lists of travelling expenses and illustrated with sketches of places, buildings, people and animals. Sixteen metallic paper pocketbooks and notebooks, three with original pens. NEWHM:1998.H139 Chapman, Abel Catalogue of Specimen Collection. 1918. 1 MS catalogue, entitled Houxty records & Results. No. 4,' of Chapman's collection of Big Game trophies, mounted mammals and birds. Containing details of specimens from Europe and Africa, with location, date and other relevant information, as well as explanatory notes on pages 7 and 27 and references to his publications. Notebook, paginated, autographed. NEWHM-.1998.H131 Chapman, Alfred Crawhall Ornithological Notebook. 1870-1885. MS systematic list of birds, with common and scientific names, giving details of an egg collection, general notes compiled from observations, dates and locations (various). Notebook, autographed. Two pencil sketches, loose leaved. NEWHM:1998.H132 Chapman, Alfred Crawhall Ornithological Journal. 1883-1884. MS journal and notes on two ornithological specimen collecting expeditions to the West Coast of Scotland and North Uist from May 7th - May 23rd, 1883 and Northern Europe (Finland, Norway) from May 20th - July 21st, 1884.
    [Show full text]
  • The Land and Sea Borne Quest to Establish the Real Presidio De San Carlos De Monterey, 1602-1770
    BOLETIN d CALIFORNIA MISSIONS FOUNDATION "THE BEST PORT ONE COULD DESIRE" The Land and Sea Borne Quest to Establish the Real Presidio de San Carlos de Monterey, 1602-1770 9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9= 9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9=9==9=9=9=9=9=9= Jennifer A. Lucido and Rubén G. Mendoza, CSU Monterey Bay Introduction About the Authors Jennifer A. Lucido, MA, is an alumna of the Master of Arts in Cultural Resources While the 1769 founding of the Mission and Presidio of San Diego Management Program at Sonoma State University. She has since published a number de Alcalá set the stage for the first and oldest Spanish colony of Alta of academic papers on the Spanish Royal California, the settlement of the Monterey Bay was long construed Presidio of Monterey. Jennifer’s scholarly contributions in “furthering the preservation a vital maritime objective. With the financial and logistical support and protection of the California Missions” of the ninth Viceroy of New Spain, Gaspar de Zúñiga Acevedo y were acknowledged by the California Mission Curators and Directors Conference with the Fonseca, Quinto Conde de Monterrey (1560-1606), the Spanish soldier, granting of the Father Fermín Francisco de merchant, and navigator Sebastián Vizcaíno (1548-1624) was Lasuén Award for 2014. Presently, Jennifer is a full-time faculty member in the Social & charged with identifying suitable ports along the Pacific coast of Continued next page the Californias for the safe passage of the Manila Galleons.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Trophy Hunters, Tourism and Masculinities, 1827–1914
    Arctic Trophy Hunters, Tourism and Masculinities, 1827–1914 Lena Aarekol The Polar Museum, Tromsø University Museum, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Norway. Trophy hunting in the Arctic happened in an intersection between tourism, expeditions and hunting. This study contributes to a discrete history of masculinity within the context of trophy hunting organized from North Norway and to a broader understanding of Arctic masculinity in general. As trophy hunting expeditions are primarily a male, even masculinist, tourist practice, an analysis from a gender perspective is unavoidable. By taking an empirical approach I investigate different performances of masculinity in written accounts of Arctic trophy-hunting expeditions from the period 1827–1914. The use of masculinity as a pivot demonstrates that a modification of the prevailing perception of Arctic masculinity is necessary. While the general understanding is dominated by an emphasis on physical strength, roughness, ingenuity, restless energy and strong will to self-realization, qualities connected to the traditional values and knowledge of trappers, sailors and explorers, my analysis shows that trophy hunting introduced aristocratic ideals such as gentlemen’s sport, self- discipline, hunting morals, care for nature and distribution of knowledge to their home communities. Trophy hunting in the Arctic made possible performances of different forms of masculinity, not only the conquest and mastery of nature, but also the interest in and care for nature. Women also accompanied as family members and hunters, and women took part in the hunt more often than has been commonly noted. Key words: Arctic, Polar, trophy hunting, gender, masculinity, tourism, expeditions, travel journals, nature Contact: Lena Aarekol, [email protected] The nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century was a period when exploration, research, tourism and hunting went hand in hand in the Arctic.
    [Show full text]
  • Maquetaciûn 1
    EXPEDICIONES ESPAÑOLAS EN EL PACÍFICO SUR DEL SIGLO XVI AL XVIII SPANISH EXPEDITIONS TO THE SOUTH PACIFIC IN THE 16th-18th CENTURIES 8 Introducción IntrodUction 10 El Mar del Sur The SoUth Sea 10 La Terra Australis en los mitos y la cartografía antigua Terra AUstralis in Ancient Myths and Maps 12 Las poblaciones autóctonas. Melanesia. Micronesia. Polinesia Native Peoples. Melanesia. Micronesia. Polynesia 12 La primera vuelta al mundo (1519-1522). Magallanes-Elcano The First Voyage AroUnd the World (1519-1522). Magellan-Elcano 16 La expedición de García Jofre de Loaysa (1525-1526) The García Jofre de Loaysa Expedition (1525-1526) 16 El protodescubrimiento ibérico de Australia y Nueva Zelanda. El misterio de la carabela San Lesmes (1526) Spain’s Proto-discovery of AUstralia and New Zealand. The Mystery of the Caravel San Lesmes (1526) 18 México como punto de partida. Las expediciones de Álvaro de Saavedra y Hernando de Grijalva (1527-1537) Mexico as Point of DepartUre: The Expeditions of Álvaro de Saavedra and Hernando de Grijalva (1527-1537) 20 Los derroteros de Filipinas. La conquista del archipiélago (1565). La ruta del tornaviaje (1566) y el galeón de Manila (1566-1815) The Philippine RoUtes: The ConqUest of the Archipelago (1565). The RetUrn JoUrney (1566), and the Manila Galleon (1566-1815) (1566-1815) 22 La búsqueda de la Terra Australis (I). Mendaña The Search for Terra AUstralis (I). Mendaña El primer viaje de Álvaro de Mendaña / The First Voyage of Álvaro de Mendaña El segundo viaje de Álvaro de Mendaña / The Second Voyage of Álvaro de Mendaña 28 La búsqueda de la Terra Australis (II).
    [Show full text]