Bronze Age Tell Communities in Context an Exploration Into Culture, Society, and the Study of European Prehistory

Bronze Age Tell Communities in Context An exploration into culture, society, and the study of European prehistory Part 2: Practice The Social, Space, and Materiality Tobias L. Kienlin Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-750-6 ISBN 978-1-78969-751-3 (e-Pdf) © T L Kienlin and Archaeopress 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com So geschieht es an Orten, die selten vom Blick eines Fremden, vom Auge eines Besuchers berührt werden. Blicke glätten die Dinge und Landschaften. Ebendaher kommen Zerstörung und Zerfall. Von zu vielen Blicken verbraucht sich die Welt, nutzt sich ab wie eine alte Karte. (Andrzej Stasiuk, Unterwegs nach Babadag. Frankfurt a. M. 2005) Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................... viii I. Introduction I.1 Once More on Tells: Where and When ... �� 3 I.2 ... How and Why? ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 II. The Social, Space and Materiality II.1 Toward a Practice-oriented Approach .........................................................................................................................13 II.2 Theory of Practice and ‘Time-Space’ (Giddens) ..........................................................................................................15 II.3 Theory of Practice and Social Space (Löw) ..................................................................................................................20 II.4 Habitus and Social Space (Bourdieu) ...........................................................................................................................23 II.5 ‘Flat Ontologies’: Social Life and Materiality (Schatzki)..............................................................................................26 II.6 Architecture and Assemblages (Delitz, DeLanda) .......................................................................................................31 II.7 Implications and Outlook .............................................................................................................................................36 III. Space and Time on Bronze Age Tells III.1 Space and Time: The Borsod Example ��47 III.2 Introduction to a Bronze Age Landscape ....................................................................................................................50 III.3 The Tell or Tell-like Mound: Focus Shared or Community Divided? ��57 III.3.1 Size, Layout and Architecture (‘Structure’ I) ............................................................................................................................62 III.3.2 Smaller Beginnings, Relocation of Households and the Lifetime of Sites (‘Agency’ I) ............................................................79 III.4 The Enclosure: Defence or Signal? ............................................................................................................................105 III.4.1 Size and Layout (‘Structure’ II) ...............................................................................................................................................105 III.4.2 Enclosures Modified (‘Agency’ II) ..........................................................................................................................................113 III.5 The Outer Settlement: Commoners or Community? ...............................................................................................133 III.5.1 Topography, General Layout, Households and Off-tell Life (‘Structure’ III) ...........................................................................133 III.5.2 Intensity, Size and Different Ways of Organising Space (‘Agency’ III) ....................................................................................141 IV. Tell-Living IV.1 The Tell Plenum of Practices .....................................................................................................................................169 IV.2 Social Life Unfolding ..................................................................................................................................................171 V. Epilogue V.1 Death and Burial on the Bronze Age Borsod Plain ....................................................................................................199 V.2 The Study of the European Bronze Age: A Personal Note ........................................................................................215 References ........................................................................................................................................................................216 i List of Figures Fig. I-1: Aerial photograph of the tell site of Toboliu-Dâmbu Zănăcanului, Bihor county, north-western Romania (photo: Marian A. Lie). ......................................................................................................................................................................................3 Fig. I-2: Relative and absolute chronology of the Bronze Age tell-‘building’ groups of the Carpathian Basin (after Gogâltan 2017: 32 fig. 3). ....................................................................................................................................................................................4 Fig. I-3: Distribution of Bronze Age tell and tell-like settlements in the Carpathian Basin (after Gogâltan 2017: 30 map 1). ..................5 Fig. I-4: The pre-regulation landscape of the Carpathian Basin with its meandering watercourses and large seasonal flood zones according to the First Austrian-Hungarian Military Survey (after Kovács 2005: 8 fig. 2). .........................................................5 Fig. I-5: The tell site of Carei-Bobald, Satu Mare county, north-western Romania. .................................................................................6 Fig. III-1: Szakáld-Testhalom. General view of the tell site from the south-west with the old bed of the Kerengő stream to the left. .47 Fig. III-2: Distribution of Middle Bronze Age tell cultures in the Carpathian Basin (after Fischl et al. 2013: 357 fig. 2). ........................48 Fig. III-3: Distribution map of the Hatvan and Füzesabony period settlements on the Borsod plain and in the foothill zone of the Bükk mountains (illustration: Klára P. Fischl). ..............................................................................................................................48 Fig. III-4: The distribution of Hatvan and Füzesabony period settlements on the Borsod plain and in the foothill zone of the Bükk mountains mapped on the Second Austrian-Hungarian Military Survey (illustration: Klára P. Fischl). ....................................50 Fig. III-5: Aerial photograph of Tard-Tatárdomb situated on the western terrace along the valley of the Lator river; in the background the Bükk mountains. .....................................................................................................................................................51 Fig. III-6: View west across the valley of the Kácsi river in the foothill zone of the Bükk mountains towards the terrace with the site of Tibolddaróc-Bércút. ..........................................................................................................................................................51 Fig. III-7: Tiszakeszi-Szódadomb in its premodern setting prior to the regulation of the Tisza as shown by the Second Austrian-Hungarian Military Survey. .................................................................................................................................................51 Fig. III-8: A glimpse of a premodern landscape? View north from the site of Tiszabábolna-Fehérló tanya across the Csincse river. ....52 Fig. III-9: Premodern hydrology and potential communication on the Borsod plain (illustration: Klára P. Fischl). .................................53 Fig. III-10: Presumed area of the Middle Bronze Age II period Füzesabony culture ‘people’s’ expansion onto Hatvan ‘territory’ (after Bóna 1992a: fig. on p. 17). .......................................................................................................................................................55 Fig. III-11: Borsodivánka-Marhajárás. The tell part of the site seen from the south-east with surface survey in progress on the surrounding outer settlement. ..........................................................................................................................................................57 Fig. III-12: Szakáld-Testhalom. View of the tell part of the site from the south-west. ............................................................................57

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