2019 Kansas Field Conference Field Guide
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Natürliche Analoga Im Wirtsgestein Salz
Natürliche Analoga im Wirtsgestein Salz Teil 1 Generelle Studie (2011) Teil 2 Detailstudien (2012 – 2013) GRS - 365 Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH Natürliche Analoga im Wirtsgestein Salz Teil 1 Generelle Studie (2011) Teil 2 Detailstudien (2012 – 2013) Thomas Brasser Christine Fahrenholz Herbert Kull Artur Meleshyn Heike Mönig Ulrich Noseck Dagmar Schönwiese Jens Wolf Dezember 2014 Anmerkung: Das diesem Bericht zugrunde liegende F&E-Vorhaben wurde im Auftrag des Bundesministe- riums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) unter dem Kennzeichen FKZ 02E10719 durchgeführt. Die Arbeiten wurden von der Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH ausgeführt. Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt dieser Veröffentlichung liegt al- leine bei den Autoren. GRS - 365 ISBN 978-3-944161-46-4 Deskriptoren: Barriere, Endlager, Geochemie, Geologie, Geomechanik, Integrität, mikrobielle Prozesse, Sicherheitsnachweis Vorwort Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse der Studien zu Natürlichen Analoga im Wirtsgestein Salz zusammen, die im Rahmen des Projektes ISIBEL-II (FKZ: 02E10719) durchgeführt wurden. Diese Arbeiten wurden in zwei Schritten durchge- führt: Im Jahr 2011 erfolgte zunächst eine Zusammenstellung vorhandener Studien und Untersuchungen, die als Natürliche Analoga in einem Sicherheitsnachweis für ein Endlager für wärmeentwickelnde Abfälle Verwendung finden können. Die Bewertung zielte darauf ab, diejenigen Natürlichen Analoga zu identifizieren, die für das in ISIBEL- I (FKZ: 02E10055) entwickelte Sicherheits- und Nachweiskonzept eine Rolle spielen. Erfüllen Natürliche Analoga diese Voraussetzung nicht, ist ihre Verwendung im Sicher- heitsnachweis ohne Bedeutung und kann von den eigentlich zu machenden Aussagen ablenken. Bei dieser Vorgehensweise wurden auch einzelne, bisher hinsichtlich Natür- licher Analoga nicht betrachtete Aspekte identifiziert, für die deren Einsatz jedoch sinn- voll wäre; dies betrifft z. -
The Archaeology of Mining, and Quarrying, for Salt and the Evaporites (Gypsum, Anhydrite, Potash and Celestine)
The archaeology of mining, and quarrying, for Salt and the Evaporites (Gypsum, Anhydrite, Potash and Celestine) Test drafted by Peter Claughton Rock salt, or halite (NaCl- sodium chloride), has been mined since the late 17th century, having been discovered during exploratory shaft sinking for coal at Marbury near Northwich, Cheshire, in November 1670. Prior to that the brine springs of Cheshire and those at Droitwich in Worcestershire were the source of salt produced by evaporation, along with production from a large number of coastal sites using seawater. Alabaster, fine grained gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O - hydrated calcium sulphate), has however been quarried in the East Midlands for use in sculpture since at least the 14th century (Cheetham 1984, 11-13) and the use of gypsum for making plaster dates from about the same period. Consumption The expansion of mining and quarrying for salt and the other evaporites came in the 19th century with the development of the chemical industry. Salt (sodium chloride) was a feedstock for the production of the chlorine used in many chemical processes and in the production of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and soda ash (sodium carbonate). Anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulphate) was used in the production of sulphuric acid. Salt or halite (rock salt) was first mined at Winsford in Cheshire (the site of the only remaining active rock salt mine in England) in 1844. Production expanded in the late 19th century to feed the chemical industry in north Cheshire (together with increasing brine production from the Northwich salt fields). The Lancashire salt deposits, on the Wyre estuary at Fleetwood and Preesall, not discovered until 1872 whilst boring in search of haematite (Landless 1979, 38), were a key to the development of the chemical industry in that area. -
Halite Nacl C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Halite NaCl c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 4/m32/m. Crystals cubic, to 1 m, or octahedral; elongated along [100] or [111], skeletal with hopper-shaped faces. Rarely capillary or stalactitic; granular, compact, massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {001}, perfect. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2–2.5 D(meas.) = 2.168 D(calc.) = 2.165 Soluble in H2O, saline taste; rarely fluoresces red under SW UV. Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless or white when pure; gray, yellow, orange, pink, red, blue, purple; colorless to faintly tinted in thin section. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Isotropic; weakly anisotropic due to stress. Dispersion: Moderately strong. n = 1.5443 Cell Data: Space Group: Fm3m. a = 5.6404(1) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 2.821 (100), 1.994 (55), 1.628 (15), 3.258 (13), 1.261 (11), 1.1515 (7), 1.410 (6) Chemistry: (1) (2) Na 39.00 39.34 K 0.12 Mg 0.03 Ca 0.08 Cl 60.27 60.66 SO4 0.27 Total 99.77 100.00 (1) Cardona, Barcelona, Spain. (2) NaCl. Occurrence: Typically in sedimentary rocks of evaporite association, may form immense beds; also as volcanic sublimates, efflorescences, cave deposits. Crystals are common in multiphase fluid inclusions; may be included in other minerals as a product of intermediate-grade metamorphism. Association: Sylvite, polyhalite, kieserite, carnallite, gypsum, anhydrite, dolomite. Distribution: Of worldwide occurrence. Well-studied deposits include: in Austria, around Hallstadt, Salzburg, and Hall, near Innsbruck, Tirol. From Bex, Vaud, Switzerland. In Germany, from Stassfurt-Leopoldshall, 34 km south of Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt. -
William Furmval, H. E. Falk and the Salt Chamber of Commerce, 1815-1889: "Ome Chapters in the Economic History of Cheshire
WILLIAM FURMVAL, H. E. FALK AND THE SALT CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, 1815-1889: "OME CHAPTERS IN THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF CHESHIRE BY W. H. CHALONER, M.A., PH.D. Read 17 November 1960 N the second volume of his Economic History of Modern I Britain (p. 145), Sir John Clapham, writing of the chambers of commerce and trade associations which multiplied rapidly after 1860, suggested that between 1850 and 1875 "there was rather less co-operation among 'capitalist' producers than there had been in the more difficult first and second quarters" of the nineteenth century. He mentioned that in the British salt industry there had been price-fixing associations "based on a local monopoly" in the early nineteenth century, and added that after 1825 the industry "witnessed alternations of gentle men's agreements and 'fighting trade' " until the formation of the Salt Union in 1888. This combine has been called "the first British trust", but to the salt proprietors of the time it was merely "a new device, made easier by limited liability, for handling an old problem". (1) The purpose of this study is to examine in greater detail the business organisation of the natural local monopoly enjoyed by the Cheshire saltmakers in the nineteenth century and to trace the part played by "The Coalition" and the Salt Chamber of Commerce in fostering price regulation and output restriction between the end of the Napoleonic Wars and 1889.< 2 > 111 Op. cit., pp. 147-8; see also Accounts and Papers, 1817, III, 123, p. 22, and E. Hughes, Studies in Administration and Finance, 1558-1825 (1934), pp. -
Sodium Chloride (Halite, Common Salt Or Table Salt, Rock Salt)
71376, 71386 Sodium chloride (Halite, Common Salt or Table Salt, Rock Salt) CAS number: 7647-14-5 Product Description: Molecular formula: NaCl Appearance: white powder (crystalline) Molecular weight: 58.44 g/mol Density of large crystals: 2.17 g/ml1 Melting Point: 804°C1 Density: 1.186 g/ml (5 M in water)2 2 Solubility: 1 M in H2O, 20°C, complete, clear, colorless 2 pH: 5.0-8.0 (1 M in H2O, 25°C) Store at room temperature Sodium chloride is geologically stable. If kept dry, it will remain a free-flowing solid for years. Traces of magnesium or calcium chloride in commercial sodium chloride adsorb moisture, making it cake. The trace moisture does not harm the material chemically in any way. 71378 BioUltra 71386 BioUltra for molecular biology, 5 M Solution The products are suitable for different applications like purification, precipitation, crystallisation and other applications which require tight control of elemental content. Trace elemental analyses have been performed for all qualities. The molecular biology quality is also tested for absence of nucleases. The Certificate of Analysis provides lot-specific results. Much of the sodium chloride is mined from salts deposited from evaporation of brine of ancient oceans, or recovered from sea water by solar evaporation. Due to the presence of trace hygroscopic minerals, food-grade salt has a small amount of silicate added to prevent caking; as a result, concentrated solutions of "table salt" are usually slightly cloudy in appearance. 71376 and 71386 do not contain any anti-caking agent. Applications: Sodium chloride is a commonly used chemical found in nature and in all body tissue, and is considered an essential nutrient. -
Index of Photographs and Illustrations Index of Photographs and Illustrations
Index of Photographs and Illustrations Index of Photographs and Illustrations 25 x '25 coalition Erik's Originals 25 x '25 logo ............................................................................................................................... 50 Erik Warren ..................................................................................................................................... 96 Alam, Mahbub Ethanol Promotion and Information Council Mahbub Alam ............................................................................................................................. 167 ethanol race car .......................................................................................................................... 51 Almquist, Edward A. Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group Kanopolis State Lake, 1960s ............................................................................. 136 (FISRWG) (Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and storm clouds over Kansas ......................................................................................... 20 Practices. U.S. Government Printing Office, No. 0120-A, 2001.) bankfull flow ................................................................................................................................... 120 American Association of Petroleum Geologists forest layers ......................................................................................................................................... 90 stream patterns .......................................................................................................................... -
Retail Fact Sheet
Retail ABOUT THE INDUSTRY TOP SELLING POINTS The Retail Trade Industry is made up of various companies engaging in retail- • Hutchinson is in a unique geographic position to capture a large custom- ing merchandise and providing services directly correlated to the sale of mer- er base with minimal competition and reduce leakage to Wichita. chandise. In the distribution process, retailing is the final step - the step that • There is an opportunity to capture large amounts of visitor throughput puts goods into the hands of consumers. The industry is made up of two types from attractions such as the Kansas State Fair, the Cosmosphere, and of retailers: store and non-store. Store retailing in its basic form is exemplified Strataca. in Dillons, Walmart, or Ace Hardware. Whereas non-store retailer, for exam- • Hutchinson has favorable demographics and demand for over 324,000 ple, uses selling methods such as infomercials, newspaper advertisements, square feet of supportable retail. door to door selling, etc. Average earnings within the Retail Trade fall around • Hutchinson has a number of underserved categories that align with lo- $42,953 for full-time employees at the national level. cational and operational needs of many national and regional retailers. WHY HUTCHINSON? RETAIL QUICK FACTS Despite the “Amazon effect”, retail trade in Hutchinson has more than 3,826 • Hutchinson’s retail trade area (PTA) extends over 35 minutes or 21 miles. retail employees and a net surplus of retail sales. Wichita is Hutchinson’s larg- • Over 50% of the PTA is regional/outside of the city. est competitive market, as the primary trade area shows that these markets • The PTA contains 82,354 people with a retail purchasing power of over compete for the same customer base. -
Salt Deposits in the UK
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NERC Open Research Archive Halite karst geohazards (natural and man-made) in the United Kingdom ANTHONY H. COOPER British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, Great Britain COPYRIGHT © BGS/NERC e-mail [email protected] +44 (-0)115 936 3393 +44 (-0)115 936 3475 COOPER, A.H. 2002. Halite karst geohazards (natural and man-made) in the United Kingdom. Environmental Geology, Vol. 42, 505-512. This work is based on a paper presented to the 8th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental impact of karst, Louisville, Kentucky, April 2001. In the United Kingdom Permian and Triassic halite (rock salt) deposits have been affected by natural and artificial dissolution producing karstic landforms and subsidence. Brine springs from the Triassic salt have been exploited since Roman times, or possibly earlier, indicating prolonged natural dissolution. Medieval salt extraction in England is indicated by the of place names ending in “wich” indicating brine spring exploitation at Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich and Droitwich. Later, Victorian brine extraction in these areas accentuated salt karst development causing severe subsidence problems that remain a legacy. The salt was also mined, but the mines flooded and consequent brine extraction caused the workings to collapse, resulting in catastrophic surface subsidence. Legislation was enacted to pay for the damage and a levy is still charged for salt extraction. Some salt mines are still collapsing and the re-establishment of the post-brine extraction hydrogeological regimes means that salt springs may again flow causing further dissolution and potential collapse. -
Buttermaking on the Farm
O F E S O D AIR" CHIEF F IC R F THE AND COLD STORAGE ' mm s n . A UDDICK s J . R Co i io er . , ' ’ v r r . J N L N hi f o f i rke t n d . I EI O C e D s D a "a s a l Sto . S G C . , i i ion y o d age F - v o f a P . Chief , Di isi n o D iry roduce C v s n r R esea rc h hief , Di i io of Dai y En fo rc em en t In Charge , of Dairy La ws . I C . n harge , Milk Utilization Service S n r a r P u e ra d H H C G . OS J . I e io D i y rod c er T . PRINC IP AL SERVICES ASSIG NED TO THE STORAG E BR ANCH ( 1 ) Grading of D a iry Prod uc e ; ( 2 ) Scien tific R esea r ch i n ’ Study of World s Co n ditions in Dairying ; (4) C orr espondence a l l M atte rs relating to D a iry ing ; ( 5 ) In specti on of Perish a b Can adia n a n d United Kin gdom Po rts ; (6 ) R efrigera to r Ca r D airy Ma rket Intelligence ; (8) Pr omoting Uniformity in 5- n B d ee t "h b on ( 9 ) Ji1 d gi g utter an Ch se a E i iti s ; (10) Cold Storag e Ac t a nd Creamery C ol d Stora ge B onuses ; ” D a i L s a n d ( 1 2 the on an d Its Pr ry aw , ) Utilizati of Milk a Dairy butter as defined by The D iry Industry Act , is butter t a m ade from the milk of less h n fifty cows . -
Appendices, Notes
APPENDIX 1: Sample Confessions CH'U SSU ygo was a sect teacher from a village southeast of Peking. He was arrested in the fall of 1813. The rebels had considered and then rejected a plan for Ch'u Ssu to lead his men in an attack upon the imperial entourage as it returned from Jehol, and Ch'u was interrogated repeatedly about this plan. His various confessions about this and other matters, taken together with those of some of his associates, illustrate the kinds of information contained in con fessions, the reliability of such testimony, and the judicial process that produced them. A. First Interrogation of Ch'ii Ssu Memorial from the Grand Council and the Board of Punishments (KKCK 207.1, CC 18/9/24): On 9/23 we received a report from the censors for the south city [of Peking] saying that they had seized the criminal Ch'ii Ssu and [others]. They have been interrogated. The text of Ch'ii Ssu's confession is attached. Confession of Ch'ii Ssu (KKCK 208.1, 18/9/24) From T'ung district. Age thirty-six. Mother Miss Meng. Older brother Ch'ii Wen-hsiang. Wife Miss Ts'ai. My son Ch'ang-yu-r is ten. I was born the son of Ch'u Te-hsin but then I was adopted by Ch'u Wu. When I was nineteen, Liu Ti-wu brought me and Ch'ii Wen hsiang to take Ku Liang (who has since died) as our teacher. I entered the sect and recited the eight characters "Eternal Progenitor in Our Original Home in the World of True Emptiness." On the 14th day of the 8th month [of 1813] Lin Ch'ing told Liu Ti-wu to put me in charge of one to two hundred men and lead them to Yen-chiao [outside Peking] to rise up there. -
ABC Butter Making, by Burch 30 Harris' Cheese and Butter Maker's Hand Book 1 50 the Jersey, Alderney Aud Ouernsey Cow 1 75 Feeding Animals
ABC BUTTER MAKING Hand-Book for the Beginner. BY F. S. BUI^CH, Editok of The Dairy World. CHICAGO : C. S. BuRCH Publishing Company. 1888. 6S9 Entered according- lo Act of Congress, in the year 1888, by F. S. BURCH, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at ^Vashington, D. C. CONTENTS. Page MlIiKING 17 Washing the Udder—The Slow Milker — The Jerky Milker—Best Time to Milk- Kicking Cows—Feeding during the Milking — Loud Talking — Milking Tubes — The Stool—The Pail. Cake of Milk 23 Animal Heat — Milk as an Absorbant — Stable Odors—Cooling—Keeping in Pantry or Cellar—Deep Setting—Temperature of the Water—To Raise Cream Quickly—When to Skim. The Milk Room 27 To have well Ventilated—Controlling the Temperature—Pure Air —Management of Cream—Stirring the Cream—Proper Tem- perature at which to keep Cream—Ripen- ing Cream—Straining Cream—Cream in Winter. Butter Color • • • 30 Rich Orange Color — White butter —The — X CONTENTS. Page Juice of Carrots—The Use of Annato—Com- mercial Colors—Beginners generally use too much. Churning 32 The Patent Lightning Churn—Churning too Quickly—The amount of time to prop- erly do the Work—Churning Cream at 60 degrees—Winter Churning — Starting the Churn at a Slow Movement—The Churn with a Dasher—Stopping at the proper time —Granular Butter—Draining off the Butter- milk—Washing in the Churn—To have the . Churn sufficiently Large—Churning whole Milk—The Best Churn for the Dairy. WOEKING THE BuTTEE 38 The Right Temperature—To get the Butter- milk all out—Half Worked Butter—Over- working—Use of the Lever—Working in the Salt—Rule for Salting—Butter Salting Scales. -
HOUSE BILL No. 2680
HOUSE BILL No. 2680 AN ACT concerning wildlife and parks; relating to violations of wildlife and parks laws; concerning cash bonds; changing the name of Toronto state park to Cross Timbers state park at Toronto Lake; amending K.S.A. 32-837 and 32-1050 and repealing the existing sections. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas: Section 1. K.S.A. 32-1050 is hereby amended to read as follows: 32- 1050. (a) Whenever any person is issued a citation by a conservation officer or deputy conservation officer of the wildlife and parks conser- vation service or by any law enforcement officer for any of the violations described in subsection (b), the officer may require such person to give bond in the amount specified in subsection (b) for the offense for which the person was charged, which bond shall be subject to forfeiture if the person does not appear at the court at the time specified in the written citation. The bond shall be a cash bond and shall be payable using cash or legal tender identified as travelers checks, certified checks, cashiers checks, personal checks and postal money orders. The cash bond shall be taken in the following manner: The officer shall furnish the person charged with a stamped envelope addressed to the judge or clerk of the court named in the written citation and the person shall place in such envelope the amount of the bond, and in the presence of the officer shall deposit the same in the United States mail. After having complied with these requirements, the person charged need not sign the citation, but the officer shall note the amount of the bond mailed on the citation and shall give a copy of such citation to the person.