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Hydrologische Studie Der Mur Bericht

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Hydrologische Studie Der Mur Bericht Universität Lehrstuhl fur Ljubljana Bauingenieur- und Vermessungwesen Fakultät für Bauingenieur- und Jamova 2, p.o.b. 3422 Vermessungswesen 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenija telefon +386 1 47 68 500 fax +386 1 42 50 681 [email protected] Ljubljana, 3. Februar 2012 Ref.: KSH/d-128 Hydrologische Studie der Mur Bericht Universität Ljubljana Fakultät für Bauingenieur- und Vermessungswesen Lehrstuhl für allgemeine Hydrotechnik Jamova 2, Ljubljana Lehrstuhlinhaber Prof. Dr. Mitja Brilly Ljubljana, Februar 2012 An der Erstellung der Studie wirkten mit: Prof. Dr. Mitja Brilly (Dipl.-Bauing.) Doz. Dr. Mojca Šraj (Dipl.-Bauing.) Mag. Andrej Vidmar (Dipl.-Bauing.) Mag. Anja Horvat (Dipl.-Ing. für Wasserwirtschaft und kommunales Ingenieurwesen) Mag. Maja Koprivšek (Dipl.-Ing. für Wasserwirtschaft und kommunales Ingenieurwesen) Übersetzung: ins Deutsche: Carniola 94, d.o.o. ins Kroatische: Prof. Dr. Mitja Brilly, Dipl.-Bauing.; Ladislav Grđan, Dipl.-Bauing. ins Ungarische: Mag. Helena Zver; Engi Zsuzsanna, Dipl.-Ing. in Wasserbau Korrekturlesen: Deutsch: Gabriele Müller, Reinhold Godina, Robert Schatzl Kroatisch: Ladislav Grđan, Dipl.-Bauing. Ungarisch: Hamza István, Dipl.-Ing. Hydrologie Slowenisch: Mojca Vilfan, Dr. Mira Kobold, Dipl.-Phys. Ing., Mag. Florjana Ulaga, Dipl.-Ing. Geogr. 1 HYDROLOGISCHE STUDIE DER MUR INHALTSVERZEICHNIS EINLEITUNG ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1 ALLGEMEINE CHARAKTERISTIKA DES EINZUGSGEBIETS DER MUR ................................. 10 1.1 Beschreibung des Einzugsgebiets ......................................................................................... 10 1.1.1 Oberlauf der Mur ................................................................................................................. 16 1.1.2 Mittellauf der Mur ................................................................................................................. 17 1.1.3 Unterlauf der Mur ................................................................................................................. 18 1.2 Übersichtskarte des Einzugsgebiets der Mur ....................................................................... 21 1.2.1 3-D-Geländemodell ............................................................................................................. 22 1.2.2 Abgrenzung der Einzugsgebiete ......................................................................................... 23 1.2.3 Gewässernetz ...................................................................................................................... 23 1.2.4 Genauigkeit der Längen und der Kilometrierung ................................................................ 23 1.2.5 Ausarbeitung der digitalen Karte ......................................................................................... 25 1.3 Längenschnitt der Mur ............................................................................................................. 27 1.4 Historische Daten von Pegeln und Niederschlagsstationen ............................................... 29 1.5 Anthropogene Einflüsse .......................................................................................................... 36 2 KLIMATISCHE CHARAKTERISTIKA DES EINZUGSGEBIETS DER MUR ................................ 40 2.1 Mittlere monatliche und jährliche Niederschläge und Temperaturen ................................. 40 2.1.1 Niederschlagsdaten ............................................................................................................. 40 2.1.2 Niederschlagstrends ............................................................................................................ 49 2.1.3 Temperaturdaten ................................................................................................................. 53 2.1.4 Temperaturtrend .................................................................................................................. 55 2.2 Niederschlagskarte ................................................................................................................... 57 3 DURCHFLÜSSE ............................................................................................................................ 58 3.1 Statistische Analyse der Monatsdurchflüsse ........................................................................ 59 3.1.1 Statistische Daten der Monatsdurchflüsse .......................................................................... 59 3.1.2 Saisonalität der Durchflüsse .............................................................................................. 107 3.1.3 Analyse der Änderungen der mittleren Jahresdurchflüsse ............................................... 110 3.1.4 Q95%, berechnet auf Basis von Tagesmittelwerten ......................................................... 116 3.1.5 Korrelationen zwischen den Pegeln .................................................................................. 118 3.2 Spezifischer Durchfluss ......................................................................................................... 120 3.3 Homogenität und Trends ....................................................................................................... 124 3.3.1 Analyse der Datenhomogenität ......................................................................................... 124 3.3.2 Lineare Trends .................................................................................................................. 127 3.3.3 Nichtlineare Trends ........................................................................................................... 128 3.4 Hochwasserstatistik ............................................................................................................... 133 3.4.1 Mit verschiedenen Verteilungen geschätzte theoretische Hochwässer ............................ 134 3.4.2 Gewählte Verteilungen für die jeweiligen Pegel ................................................................ 136 3.5 Niederwasserstatistik ............................................................................................................. 146 2 HYDROLOGISCHE STUDIE DER MUR 3.5.1 Mit verschiedenen Verteilungen geschätzte theoretische Niedergewässer...................... 147 3.6 Abflussbeiwert ........................................................................................................................ 150 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK .......................................................................................... 152 LITERATUR ........................................................................................................................................ 153 3 HYDROLOGISCHE STUDIE DER MUR INHALTSVERZEICHNIS DER CD Hydrologische Studie der Mur – Bericht AUT Hydrologische Studie der Mur – Bericht H Hydrologische Studie der Mur – Bericht HR Hydrologische Studie der Mur – Bericht SLO Anhang I – Historischer Hintergrund von Pegeln Anhang II – Hochwasserhäufigkeitsanalysen, Niedrigwasserhäufigkeitsanalysen Anhang III – Niederschlagskarte, Karte des Einzugsgebiets der Mur, Längenschnitt der Mur Anhang IV – Vokabular Anhang V – Österreichische Beschreibung des Einzugsgebiets, Wasserkraftwerke in Österreich, Slowenische Beschreibung des Einzugsgebiets, Ungarische Beschreibung des Einzugsgebiets, Inventarisierung im ungarischen Abschnitt der Mur, Kroatische Beschreibung des Einzugsgebiets Anhang VI – Lineare Trends der Abflüsse, Nichtlineare Trends der Abflüsse Anhang VII – Meteorologische und hydrologische Daten 4 HYDROLOGISCHE STUDIE DER MUR BILDERVERZEICHNIS Bild 1.1.1: Relief des Einzugsgebiets der Mur ....................................................................................... 10 Bild 1.1.2: Verhältnis zwischen Seehöhe und Anteil der Fläche des Einzugsgebiets (in %) für die einzelnen Abschnitte des Einzugsgebiets der Mur ........................................................................ 13 Bild 1.1.3: Größe der Einzugsgebietsflächen entlang der Mur .............................................................. 14 Bild 1.2.4.1: Digitalisierung mit DigitalGlobe ......................................................................................... 24 Bild 1.2.4.2: Darstellung der Tag-Line mit Google Earth ....................................................................... 24 Bild 1.2.4.3: Murursprung – auf der Tafel beim Ursprung ist eine Länge von 444 km angegeben ....... 25 Bild 1.2.5.1: Gewöhnliche Schattierung (Tageslicht) ........................................................................... 26 Bild 1.2.5.2: Hydromorphologische Schattierung .................................................................................. 26 Bild 1.2.5.3: Hydrologische Karte – Übersichtskarte des Einzugsgebiets der Mur ............................... 26 Bild 1.3.1: Längenschnitt der Mur vom Ursprung bis zur Mündung (Zubringer blau eingetragen) ....... 28 Bild 1.5.1: Fluktuationen des Wasserspiegels - Wasserstandsganglinie bei Bakovci (Slowenien) ...... 38 Bild 1.5.2: Tagesfluktuationen des Wasserspiegels - Wasserstandsganglinie bei Bakovci (Slowenien) ........................................................................................................................................................ 38 Bild 2.1.1.1: Mittlere, minimale und maximale Jahresniederschlagssummen für den Zeitraum 1961 - 2005 ...............................................................................................................................................
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