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TOURISM in SLOVENIA Uro{ Horvat

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TOURISM in SLOVENIA Uro{ Horvat TOURISM IN SLOVENIA Uro{ Horvat Tourist potentials of landscapes in Slovenia Slovenia comprises regions that are quite diverse in their natural and cultural character. Consequently, features of the landscape that can influence tourist amenities or its suitability for different modes of tourism and recreation vary considerably across relatively short distances. The Submediterranean region includes a forty-six kilometer coastal belt along the Adriatic Sea. Temperatures suitable for bathing and sunbathing (air: above 25° C; sea: above 19° C) last from the end of May until October. The medieval cores of coastal towns with their age-old urban organization and architectural heritage also offer an attractive environment for tourists. Behind the coastal belt at an altitude of 400–500 meters is the Karst region. The limestone plateaus are of typically karstic character with numerous morphologically interesting karst caves and karst sur- face phenomena. Typical of the cultural landscape are the old central cores of karst villages with their almost urban structure and the vineyard complexes scattered over the more fertile patches of karst soil. The Dinaric plateaus rise toward the interior of Slovenia and quite frequently reach altitudes of 1,000–1,200 meters or even more. From the viewpoint of tourist attractions, we need to point out the karst poljes (containing periodic karst lakes), underground karst caves (with long tunnels, great cav- erns, and rich dripstone decoration), and vast, sparsely inhabited forested plateaus (with the most diverse species of wildlife, including brown bears). The Alpine region covers the western and northern parts of Slovenia. Only a small portion of this area reaches altitudes over 2,000 meters. Typical of this region are sharp relief forms with glacially trans- formed valleys (which gives this landscape a high-mountainous character at lower altitudes), diversity of relief and vegetation (these vary over quite short distances, so the region is particularly suited for hiking and landscape sightseeing), considerably long-lasting snow cover (suitable for winter sports), mountain brooks and smaller rivers, etc. Alpine pastures are particularly characteristic of the cultur- al landscape, and together with the traditional architecture increase the landscape diversity of the region. Subpannonian hills with intervening plains are located in eastern and northeastern Slovenia. From the viewpoint of tourist attractions, we need to point out the »belvedere« ridges, sunny slopes with typ- ical vineyard landscapes, and the region's numerous thermal and mineral springs. Tourist flows to Slovenia and the development of tourism An important turning point that marked the beginning of more intensive tourist travel to Slovenia occurred in the middle of the 19th century when a railroad was built linking Vienna (Austria), Ljubljana (Slovenia), and Trieste (Italy). The railroad enabled tourists to observe natural karst phe- nomena (in particular, the two world-famous caves of Postojna and [kocjan) or to visit health spas in eastern Slovenia. When the Salzburg (Austria)–Jesenice (northwestern Slovenia)–Ljubljana railroad was also built in the second half of the 19th century, it linked Slovenia with southern Germany. The improved rail- road connections through the Slovene Alps contributed to the flourishing of alpine tourist resorts, 141 Uro{ HorvatUro{ inSlovenia Tourism 142 D Moravske Toplice Gornja Radgona D Radenci Le Pesnica MuraMurska Sobota d a pri Mariboru va Dravograd Radlje ob Dravi Brestrnica Banovci D Lendava Ravne na Koro{kem Drava Kranjska Gora Me`ica Slovenj Gradec Maribor D Ljutomer P e Podkoren s Kotlje n Peti{ovci Gozd - Martuljek i Rate~e D Kope c a M Mariborsko Pohorje i Dovje, Mojstrana Me`a sli nja Rogla Log pod Mangartom Jesenice Topol{ica Podljubelj Sol~ava, Zre~e Ptuj Ormo` D Logarska Dolina Slovenska Bistrica Trenta Velenje Drava Bled Lesce D Jezersko K o nja k Mozirje vi So~a Pokljuka r ra Mo{nje a Kamni{ka Bistrica D S a Podlehnik D v Radovljica D i Slovenske Konjice Bovec Preddvor n Dobrna j Sava a Kobarid D D Roga{ka Slatina Bohinjska Bistrica @alec D Krn Bohinj Kranj Krvavec Celje [entjur Vopovlje So~a Tolmin Spodnja Sorica D Mo{e Trojane Number of overnight stays by settlement Tourist intensity number of overnight stays D [kofja Loka Sora 100,000 and more in settlement Idrijca Trbovlje Pod~etrtek = Most na population of settlement Cerkno Medno Kandr{e La{ko 50,000 to 99,999 So~i Izlake 100 and more 10,000 to 49,999 5000 to 9999 10 to 99 Less than 5000 Less than 10 Sava Ljubljana Bre`ice Type of tourist area, proportion of domestic and foreign tourists Lokve Sevnica Foreign Domestic ljanica Kr{ko Vrhnika Ljub Nova Gorica ^rni Vrh Seaside tourist area Mirna Grosuplje Logatec Health tourist area [empeter pri Gorici Sotla Mountain tourist area Trebnje [marje{ke Toplice ^ate` ob Savi Vipava Other tourist area Ajdov{~ina Rakitna Krka Popular areas for outdoor recreation Mokrice Novo mesto Oto~ec Very popular for mountaineering, hiking, and excursions Veliki Otok Valley very popular for observing and enjoying nature Dolenjske Toplice Attractive winegrowing landscape Postojna Guiding wine road Seno`e~e Pivka Se`ana D River section very popular for kayaking and canoeing A D R I A T I C Diva~a Gornje Lo`ine Organized swimming area on lake S E A Lipica D Metlika Re Ski centers by length of ski trails (in kilometers) Kozina k Strunjan a Ko~evje 10.0 and more Piran Ankaran 3.0 to 9.9 Ilirska Bistrica Koper ^rnomelj Less than 3.0 01020304050 km Izola a Dragonj Vinica Kolpa Scale: 1 : 1,300,000 Portoro` Se~a Author: Matja` Jer{i~ © Geografski in{titut Antona Melika ZRC SAZU, 2004 Slovenia: a Geographical Overview p Figure 1: Tourism and recreation in 1996. particularly beside Lake Bled and Lake Bohinj. At that time, Slovenia was a tourist destination for vis- itors coming mainly from Austria, Germany, and Hungary. After World War I, visitors from the larger cities in the former Yugoslavia gradually appeared as well. Slovenia's tourist gravitation area expanded after World War II, mainly the result of new highway connections across the Eastern Alps, as well between northern Italian cities and Slovenia. Highways opened the possibility for several important tourist road flows from more remote parts of Western Europe. The international Ljubljana-Brnik airport also contributed to the extension of the Slovenia's tourist gravitation area in the 1960's. However, Slovenia was not only a destination area for international tourist travels; at the same time, it was also an important transit tourist area. A great number of tourists from abroad bound for the Mediterranean coast of southern Europe (the coasts of Croatia and Greece) only passed through Slovenia. The development of tourism in Slovenia after World War II is evident from the following indica- tors of tourist overnight capacities and tourist traffic. There were three major periods of tourist development: after World War II to the end of the 1960's (tourist traffic orientated mostly on domes- tic tourists), between 1970 and 1990 (the peak of tourist traffic), and after 1990 (a decrease in tourist traffic caused by the war in the Balkans). • From 1953 to 1990, the number of all tourist beds increased from roughly 30,000 to 90,000. In 2003, we had around 80,000 tourist beds, 32% in hotels. • In the same period, the total number of overnight stays increased from 1.1 to 9.2 million (in 1986). After the beginning of the war in the Balkans, they dropped to 5.8 million (in 1996). In 2003, we had around 7.5 million overnight stays. • The average number of overnight stays is the highest at health resorts (4.9 days) and seaside resorts (4.1 days); the average for Slovenia is 3.4 days. • The increasing significance of new types of tourism (short-term trips, transit tourism, winter tourism) became important particularly after the 1970's. Thus the seasonal concentration of tourist traffic became less acute (around 42% of overnight stays are recorded from June to August). International tourist flows in the last four decades established tourist starting points for Slovenia principally in the sphere of Western and Central Europe. Parallel to this, in the 1980's an important proportion of tourists (around 30%) came from former Yugoslav republics, especially Croatia and Serbia. After the war in the Balkans, the proportion of tourists from former Yugoslav republics dropped dras- tically to just 6%. In 2003, foreign tourists accounted for about 56% of overnight stays in Slovenia, coming mostly from Germany (10.8%), Italy (9.7%), Austria (9.2%), Croatia (3.5%), Great Britain (2.7%), The Netherlands (2.6%), Hungary (1.4%), the Russian Federation (1.3%), and elsewhere. Characteristics of Foreign Tourists in Slovenia The results of a survey in the 2000 summer season show the following: • 64% of foreign tourists stated that holidays were the main reason for coming to Slovenia, 17% came for business and educational reasons, and 11% were in transit. • Tourists were also asked about their motives for coming to Slovenia. They were drawn to Slovenia mostly by its natural attractions (25%), tranquility and possibilities to rest (19%), and the climate (17%). Only 8% of the tourists came due to »low« prices. • 56% of the tourists came to Slovenia by car or van, 14% by bus, and 18% by plane. The proportion of tourists travelling by car is highest for tourists from Croatia and Italy, while the proportion of tourists using buses is over one fifth for tourists from Austria and Germany. 143 Figure 3: Number of overnight of inSlovenia perresort stays type. 3:Number Figure overnight of inSlovenia stays byorigin 2:Share Figure tourists. of HorvatUro{ inSlovenia Tourism 144 Number of overnight stays % of overnight stays 10,000,000 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0 40,0 45,0 50,0 55,0 60,0 65,0 70,0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 0,0 5,0 From SloveniaFrom of otherrepublics From former Yugoslavia othercountries From 1954 0 1956 1954 1958 Mountain t.Mountain r.
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